The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1803-04-15 00:00:00

FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 184)3.

NEW AND INTERESTING WORKS FOR YOUNG

PERSONS.
Just published by and for B. Tahart, at the Juvenile Library,
New Baud-.trees.
1. A PUZZLE for a CURIOUS GIRL, with
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2. A New Series of Prints, accompanied by easy Letanns,
containing a General Outline of Ancient I li.torv, Ly MN.
Trimmer, in 2 vols. neatly bound in red, pricz 54. 641.
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or Stoes, 2 vrls do. pric • 4s.
7. Surveys of Nature ; a Sequel to MIA. Trimmer's Intro-
duction ; being familiar deseript.ons of some i.ontilar sub;eeta
to Natural Pluknophy, by Harriet Ventures, neutay half bawd,
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A. A (19.yraphical Companion to Mrs. Trimmers Scrip.
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lorrodurtion to Four New Maps of the Four Quarter, of
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-This Day is unbluhed, Ottavo, Price fis. Cot in boanis,
A Rough Sketch of Modern PA RIS ; or, Letters
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At uc-
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T,•;s puldiahert, the Fotirteenth Edition, price 3s. bo.ond,
ELF-KNOWLEDGE ; a Treatise, diming
the Naturo and }knelt of that important Sci.-iicc, and
the Way to attain it. Intermixes with various Refloctiuus
and Observations on [lnman Nang's!.
By JOHN MASON, A. M.
To which is now prefixed, Memoirs of the Author.
'London : Printed for J. Johnson, F. and C. Rivington, J.
Mathews, J. Scatchent, and J. Mawman.

This DT is published, prix 4a. in boards
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Thit Div it inihlished, in Ortavo, price si. in Roards,
A VINDICATION of the CEL'IN, from Ancient
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his Nl:olzrn Geography, and Disiertation on the Scythian& or
Goilis. •
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Day is published, Price 34. GI hound,
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GEORGICAL ESSAYS,
BY A. 11UNTF.R M.D. F.R.5.1.. and F.

Nisi utile est good &chum& swim 4-4 gloria. Per co.
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Uf whom also may be bad, just published, by the same
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The Third Edition of FN'ELYN's SILVA, or rt Discourse
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N.I TIONAL INSTITUTE.
REVIEW OF THE WORKS OF THE CLASS OF SCI-
ENCES, Molt AI. %ND POLITIC 11., FOR THE LAST
THREE MONTHS OF THE TENTH YEAR.
By Citizen GINGUENE, Secretaire.
MEMOIR UPON HISTORY.
Citizs'n Levesque, in a Memoir upon History, has
considered it as a science, and as an art. As a sci-
ence, it is the register of &Els ; every day it makes
some nem/ progress, for every day it becomes en-
riched by some new fads. Contemporaries are ca-
rious to learn whatever is passing around them.
In times of calmness, this curiosity adluates the
minds of those who have leisure, but it is the univig-
sal passion, during periods when all are in agitation
and inquietude, to satisfy their impatient avidity ; re-
course has been had to journals which offer them
daily the history of the day. They affea to de-
spise them, hut they are far more f.tithtill than the
tradition, and public reports, which have for a long
while been the only materials of history.
Those steril fans, which have no influence on the
future. incessantly lose their value; they are abridged,
and thine who preserve them form them into an-
; contemporaries esteem them, the more detailed
they are. "If the annalist is possessed of taleins,
it will be long before thoy have any obligation to
him, because taleat is not what they require. Dif-
fusion is a vice, which they will pardon in him, be-
cause it renders him trifling, like the most part of
his readers."
History considered as a science, furnishes mate-
rials to history considered as an art. It is the latter
which is called history, properly sodenominated, and
of which the Greeks and the Romans have left us such
fine models. Itisdestined to posterity,and preserves
only what is calculated to instruB or please. Many
events which fix the attention of contemporaries will
lose all their importance ; it will red them ; many
men who enjoy a high reputation during their own
period, will diminish into ordinary chara&ers. It
will not deign to mention them ; it requires two
sorts of criticism ; one, which among the contradic-
tions, the exaggeration-s, and the falsehoods of the
annals shall develope the truth ; the other still more
difficult, which from a chaos of events, knows how
to distinguish those which deserve the attention of
an enlightened reader. It paints with strong fea-
tures and makes more impression than the annals,
because in the latter, vulgar fa&s obscure great
events, and vulgar men great men.
It is very difficult for contemporaries to write I lis-
tory. The author is desirous of meriting the title
of an historian, while his readers wish him to he
merely an annalist. He is desirous of being impar-
tial, and his readers ate influenced by their passions.
It he struggles against the opinion of his own age,
he will miry have admirer s in those ages, in which
he will no longer exist. •
But, says Citizen Levesque, those who have been
witnesses of our revolution, ought to he aauated by a
disposition favourable to the writing the history of
past ages. They have seen so many great convul-
sions, so many great calamities, so many grand con-
ceptions, so many great anions, and so great a man,
that whatever is nut sublime, must appear to them
beneath their notice.

From the grand objets continually presented to
their sight, they have learnt to contemplate things
in a grand point of view ; to sze things in a grand
point of view, is to embrace at a single glance
many objeas. It is to reduce many obje&s to unity;
when they see things thus, they express them in a
few words.

MEMOIR ON THE ISLAND ANTILLIA AND THE

DISCOVERY OF AMERICA.

BY CITIZEI3 BUACIIL.

Hitherto it has been supposed that the discovery
of America was due to Christopher Columbus. It
was one of those points of history on which all au-
thors were agreed, and as one which might be con-
sidered the most certain. However, doubts have
lately been raised upon this subjecct ; doubts, which
to many learned men have appeared to have some
foundation ; doubts which they have judged at least
worthy their attention. Among the papers which
remaht in the library of St. Marc, at Venice, is a
chart of Andre Bianchi, made in 1436, in which
there is described a large island, called Antillia,
situated in the west of the Azore islands, which
proves, say they, that America was known before
the discovery of it by Christnplier Columbus. It is
added, that the learned Morelli, Librarian of St.
Marc, intends to puhlish this chart. This intention
has induced Citizen Bitache again to examine the
chart of Bianchi, which was known since 1783, by
the edition and the commentaries on it, given by For-
in:Jenne, in the appendix of his work entitled, “ Sag-
gio sully Nautica antica de Veneziani."
The first idea which presents itself at the sight of
this chart, Where in fang we find the large island
named Antillia, placed in the west of the Azores,
and the beginning of another island, situated to the
North of Antillia, and called Ysola de la Man Sata-
Dario, is,' that these two idands, are parts of Ante-
rica, or some of the islands at present known under
the name of the Antilles. Since there exists no
other land in the whole space comprised between the
Azores and America. The chart of Bianchi having
been made in 14136, it appears then natural to con-
clude, that America, or some parts of it, were known
before the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It is
also the opinion which has been adopted by For-
maleoni ; but this opinion cannot be supported after
a serious examination of the chart of Bianchi, and
compared with other monuments equally authentic,
which he has thought it necessary to consult.
Thi...! exists a letter • of the learned Paolo Tosca-
nelli, author of the Gnomon de Sainte Marie de
Florence, dated 25th June 1474, in which, mention
is made of the island of Antillia. This letter was
first addressed to Ferdinand() Martinez, canon of