The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1824-03-18 00:00:00

SETTLERS AT THE CAPE.

The Committee for the relief of the Cape of Good Hope
Settlers, have published a statement of the situation of
those unfortunate individuals on whose behalf the benevo-
lence of the public is solicited. We can assure our traders
that it is not possible fur us to recommend a stronger case to
their consideration ; and when we consider that the British
public is appealed to on behalf of their poor industrious
countrymen, who were induced to emigrate to a foreign
settlement, where all their hopes have been blasted, we are
quite sure that the Committee will, ere long, receive the
means of administering effectual relief. The subscription
list already contains some very liberal donations.
Some notion may be formed of the extreme distress
of the ill-fated settlers, from the following statement,
which is extracted from the Report of the Cape Town
Committee:—

" Vow may see the fingers which only moved to paint for the
eye, or to charm the ear, now tying up cattle, or stopping the
gap of their enclosure ;—lernaleson chum, in England, the wind
was scarcely allowed to blow, exposed to sll the rage of the pitiless
storm --mothers. with large families, who used to have • servant
for each child, without an individual to assist them in the drudgery
of the house, the labours of the dairy, or the care of the children ;
families, who formerly were used to sleep on down, aid, scarcely
a sufficient number of boards, or enough straw to keep them from
an earthen Ave;—young females possessed of every accomplishment,
reduced to teed a few cows, perhaps the sac depetilence of the
fainily ;—men, who have had the rank of Captains and Paymasters
of 'heartily, driving waggons, without shoes or stocking."

LADY 11. STANHOPE.
'From the Baltimore Morning Chrookk of Feb. 13.]
Lady Hester Stanhope frequently arrests our attention,
when we look over tiles of English newspapers. The
biography of this lady would exhibit as wonderful s phe-
nomenon as any character of the present age, Bonaparte
himself not excepted. She is related to the late Lord
Chatham, and nieco of William Pitt, late Prime Minister
of England. What should induce this lady, living in the
full blaze of English fashion, to turn her back for ever on
the tomb of her illustrious parent, and all the splendors of
the crowded metropolis, her friends and connections, re-
nounce the religion of ier ancestors, and become the chief
of a wandering horde of Arabs, amongst whom she lives at
the present day ? What secret impelling motive could
have accomplished in a female mind such a wonderful re-
volution? All travellers, who have been admitted to an
interview with this lady, describe her as happy and con-
tented, without the slightest thought or wish to return to
her native land. The mind of man has been called by
some writer a microcosm—a little world of itself; and in
truth an it is. There is no wonder in physical nature, no'
prodigy in creation, so astonishing ! Could our intellects,
our reasoning faculties, be embodied into some tangible or
visible shape, and preserved in a museum, our friend
Peale might shut up his cabinet, splendid and magnificent
as it is, and seek some other employment.

SECOND DAY.—Mon. SUCCESS AT IlAzsans.—No.
12.299, drawn yesterday a Prize of A 1,0001.,
of
sold in Shares by
Ilazanl and Co., who also sold two Prizes of 211,01101. the first day
of drawing; viz. 3,t113 and 10,141:1, both in Shares, making three
out of the four prises of 20,UOUL already drawn in the present
Lottery.
FORTUNE'S FROLIC ON ST. PATRICK'S DAT.—The
Ticket No. 5,299, • hich had been drawn a Blank on she first day
of the present Lottery, was re-drawn yesterday, and became a Peic,
of 20,24 NA.; we believe there are few of our rq.dere who would
grumble at such Blanks as thew. The Ticket was shared
by Nish; and we hope in honour of the day, and the circumstance
attending ire drawing, that some of the Shares have been sent to
the Sister Kingdv.n.
Sti w 'cll.—A small vessel, between fort 7 and fifty
tons burden, was even to go down near Blackwater, County Wel-
ford, in the gale on Thursday morning. The violence of the tale
was extreme, and no assistance could poaibly be offered. lin-
, fortunately all the persons on board perished. Another vessel.
about the same size, was seen in distress the some morning off
the Salteee, and it is supposed met the same fate.—Lintcrirk
OtAserrer.

Ev.' is ASSl2l:3.—The Rev. J. O'Shannessy r. T. Haydn
land Wm. Glynn.—This trial took place at Ennis before a most
respectable Itpecial Jury, on Wednesday last. Sergea-n befroy
was the presiding Jury.—lt was an action against the proprietor of
a despicable party journal, the E..t.otistg Mail, for a libel on the
character of the plaintiff; who is a Catholic clergyman of greet re.
speetability. The libel put bluphetnuus words into the mouth of
the plaintiff; insinuated disloyalty, and said that it could verify the
fart upon oath.—Se grant Lefroy having charged the Jury, in a
(leaf and impartial manner, they retired for about twenty minutes,
and brought in a verdict for the plaintitl—Daniages 1501., and costs.

We will now proceed to condense the leading parts of the
evidence contained in this Report, which cannot fail to carry
the reader's mind to the momentous conclusions to be de-
ducell from it.

The first witness examined by the Committee is
John Martineau, a witness practically master of the sub-
ject, and qualified by the soundness of his judgment to
follow out the effect of the existing laws to the full extent
of their consequences. The first point of examination re-
later to the operation of the statute under which certain
tools and machines are forbidden to be exported under
heavy penalties. Mr. Martineau is asked—
HIM much machinery, that you might but for the law have been
taking orders for, been made in foreign part* ?—lt has either been
made in foreign parts, or the parties ordering it have been under
the necessity of giving up the idea of erecting it, or it has been
manufactured by those who may be less scrupulous than ourselves
in exporting prohibited machinery.
Has It not also been made by Kilian being sent from this coun-
try ; part of the machinery being made here and sent abroad, and
artisans employed there to knish it I—That has frequently been the
case ; the castings for it have been seat from this country in such a
shape, that it would be impossible for an officer of the Customs to
detect for what purpose they were intended • and afterwards the
machine has been finished in France, or any other country to which
it was sent.
Have not some manufactories been established in foreign coun-
tries, for the purpose amiable machines and tools what the laws
forbid you to export P—Marry manufactories have lately been estab-
lished, and more particularly in France ; and no doubt one of their
objects was to manufacture those machines. the sapersatios of
which from this country is prohibited • but they likewise manufac-
ture various machines, which are notepeohibitW to be mated bum
this country.
Are not those manufactories, or many of them, conducted by
Englishmen P—l believe almost catirely; the three principal me-
nutectorics at Paris are conducted by Englishmen, viz. :—The
works at Chsrenton, by Mr. bfanby ; those at Chaillot, by Mr.
Edwards ; and a third, by a Mr. Steele.
In the event of the laws ressiaimbeg as they now are, would fo-
reign nations in Europe soon be able to supply themselves, and
America also, with that machinery and those tools which our laws
prohibit the exportation of I.—Ccriatitly, f the laps reirwis as-
repealed and strictly adlicral to, that mast Necessarily bc the
case.

Do you think that if the trade were free, English engineers
would supply die greater ~art of the world with tools and machin.
ery ?—I Ita;„; ao d odd but that they would.
('an you este any reasons for binning that opinion?—My
tra-
sons for it principally consist in the natural advantages that Eng-
land p.
thusfrom the circumstance of the iroustane and coal
being variab y found in the same spot, and affording a
" m
means of manufacturing iron at a cheap rate; the talent and inge-
nuity of the workmen ; the immense spare capital we have in this
country ; the circumstance of our canals and railroads already es.
tablished enabling us to bring the raw material from the interior of
the country at a very low rate: it would of course take a consider-
able time before France, or any other country, could possess any
of these advantages, even those which cannot be considered as pe•
collar (oly. to us, such as canals and raikoads.
Is not the effect of the law now in existence, to compel factories
of that kind to be established in Francs, which otherwise would
not be established there ?—C'crtiririly, J consider it to have that
(rect.
The result of Mr. Martineau 's evidence on this bead
goes most clearly to prove, that by this ill-judged prohibi-
tion we deprive our own countrymen of a most profitable
branch of manufacture, and not only give it to, but force it
on foreign countries! The benefits arising from our native
skill aml our local advantages, are nut merely transferred
to foreigners, but transferred to them with a want of
common caution that is quite remarkable, since the expor-
tation of such articles as a screw, or caps and dies, is pro-
hibited, while there is no prohibition against sending out
the machine by which they may be made ! Mr. Alex-
ander Galloway, when examined on this head, very
pointedly developer the absurdity of this most ill-advised
and careless interdict ;—" In making large saw-mills,"
says he, " I have, in many instances, been compelled to, for-
gel that there existed such a mechanical power or instru-
ment as A SCREW, and have been obliged to resort to
wedges and other means of effecting the same end, that a
screw would more cleverly effect, merely for the purpose
of not subjecting the whole of the machinery to seizure !"
But the machine that makes the screw is permitted to be ex-
ported ?—Certainly ; 1 hare seen many machine: for generating
screws; the fact is, I can send a screwing machine into France, by
which I can make any French ploughmaa. in a week, use and make
any quantity of screws ; but if an Erghish labourer were to gene-
rate those screws here by the same machine, they would not be al-
lowed to be exported ; it seems to be as Act &version:4 contrived
to injure British workmen, trillions remitting any service to this
reentry.
lips such machinery as you have declined taking orders for, been
made in foreign parts ?—A etmoiderablil quantity; I received an
order for making a number of hydro-meets/Pineal prase, for France,
and, upon inquiry at the Custom-house, I wits told that thry would
not be permitted to go, because they were iceptible of being used
in the cotton and woollen manufactur its of Great Britain; thesanw rea-
soning remold hare prohihited the hatelul, trifle hansmer,or rheum;
they arc all capable of being used in such manufactolics. Rutseveral
foreigners have very properly said, •• You must, Mr. Galloway, if
you snake the machines, shipiheni; 'we will n take the teapot's*.
bdity of getting them out of England... It *III appcario the Cone
'niece, that it cannot be worth the attention of any engineer, to re.
ceive as extensive order, and them to run any hazard of having it
left upon his hands, by the prohibitory laws ; and on that ground
many 'valuable orders have been refused. Machines have been ex-
portal from remote parts of the country, where the article has
never appeared before at their Custom-houses ; while is the metro-
puha it has been prohibited. I received a considerable order for
hutting mills, and also for the rollers only ; I flailed it impussibk to
get them oat, gaud thcrlarc refitted melt valsoubk order.
flea not the effect of the laws been to fore France and other
countries to establish the manufactides to make those articles that
might have been made by the people of England ?—They have ow
wilt emotive brat to et eoictiw thernsr, es what we denkd them.
Is it your opinion that the effect of the laws against the exporta-
tion of British machinery has been to produce a perfection in those
branches in France ?-1 think the operation of those It:es has made
France a perfect nweliatticel rival to Ss, and that weowe that rivalry
totally to the existence of those haws.
D,srs it sot appear a matt, of very considerable importance.•
• considering the state of perfection to which machinery has arrived
lin France, capable, perhaps, of supplying other parts of the
world, that our law should be so amended us to enable its to obtain
a market of other punts the world us well as hissed-1 think
so; I ant quite satisfied that in most machines that even France is
convenuuit with manufacturing, we are in a condition, from a
combination of circumstances, to ander:vs k them as to prier, and
to execute such orders With much greater despatch than they can
do, besides the advantage of ettixg oar maehtneryjlrst introduced
into those countries, which afterwards could not be easily displaced,
either by France or any other country, if we get the start of our
rivals.
Mitre not the manufactures of machinery in France conducted by
Err,„l.4hrners —A great many of the moat comaiderable nisnufac.
tones in the neighbourhood of Paris are conducted by English.
men ; at Chsillot, at Charenton. and several en the banks of the
Se ne, where from 1,000 to 1,200 engineers are employed ; and I I
have no doubt that in Paris alone there is from 3,000 to 1,000
working engineers.
You have said that you have reason to believe that those manufac-
tories have been established mainly in consequence of the laws in
England prohibiting the exportation of machines ?-IFholiy, ix my
opinion.
%Will you state what is your opinion as to the probability of
France being able, if those laws should continue with us, of soon

FIRST REPORT i opplying all South America. and that past of the world, with 1
EPOIII THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON ARTISANS ' what machine 7 re C. 141614 supply T—l do not think France would
AND fiIACTIINERY. be in a condition, with reference to her present situation, for any
eonfilderable foreign supply, for five or six years ; but after
The Select Committee appoir7ll7inquire into the state of the that period, I think she ould be g idle adeqrtote to citrate
Law in the United Kingdom, and its consequences, respecting Amiga oetices. All the machines generating in Franca ens
Artisans leaving the Kingdom,: and residing abroad ; also, into brace all the most recent improvements, as to accuracy lad
the state of the Law, and its consequences, ing the ex- durability, trhich have characterised, perhaps, the last Mow
ponation of Tools and Machinery ; and intr=state of the years of England—they are beginning where we have lea wIL—
Law, and its effects, so far as relates to the Combination of All their founts for machinery, that used to be made in wed at
Workmen, and others, to raise wages, or to regulate their wages , now fabricated in iron ; and con' sequently they are giving a degree
and hours of working. . of durability ...41 correctness to a great portion of their mschisuy
which is not I.ossefsed, even now, by many manufacturers in this
' "ountry. I stn quite persuaded stow that orders monk' be sent to.
This Report will be read everywhere with the deepest
ErigbutdAr nmehilwry fr”ns Fraser, more than equal to all that
interest, not merely as it tends to demonstrate the wretched
impoliey of the existing laws as they respect the artisan and soi,"..l,l4:„„'"Vt;atc". "'Plha. of. all'at'A' at (hie titer: in fact, an
manufacturer, but as it illustrates the manifold ill-conse- misted of articles frofmtet!.ovtlitife„lnioc rotixpentef of
and neveret
:re li
rbutusi
et
dens2l;
quences that have long arisen to the commercial interests wder. It has been an iovariable rule amine, never to fluke any
. snide that could not be fairly and honourably mowed to be ex. of this kingdom, from that vicious intermeddling with the
free..om of trade, by which successive Acts of Parliament P'ned•
have for ages weighed down the spirit and industry of the I It is impossible to plitre in a stronger light the very serious
evils which here arise from the well-intentioned but lois-
mercantile classes, anal made war at once upon the wealth
of the State and the liberty of the subject. I directed efforts of I. iovri nment. It is of the most urgent
• iniportance that these prohibitory statutes, which ate
It
tilt be laid down as a fundamental axiom of political
found productive of such pernicious effect, should be in-
justicet Governtnent ought at no time, nor in any man- .
scantly repealed, at a crisis when the South American
in-
ner, to interfere with the natural right of any individual to
market opens such a wide world of profit to the superiority
employ his industry in the hest ntanner he is uhk for his own'
.of our mechanism. We must not wait till British skill is
L..ellit. 'l'hc statutes which prohibit artisans from leaving
, superseded by the inferior machinery, which the isere.uit,
the kingdom, are in direct violation of this axiom, and
ought never to have existed. Another fundamental axiom lof the South American capitalist will compel them to rte
I
ceiese prohib ve from France and other countri et
es, in conipt nee of
is this that erery was lou a just right either to stipulate
thitory statutes, which exclude us from their
&wit ;hull Ise the reward of his labour or to rrliise to give
fleefruits oit. The combination laws, which our manufac-
market of supply.
We shall, in our next, go on to the second head of exa-
turinfg workmen now seek to repeal, were enacted in utter
mination, which respects the operation of the 9th Geo. I.
defiance of this principle, and have been as destructive in
their operation as they were disgraceful in their origin. We C. 27, which makes it penal for artificers to leave the king-
will here make one observation—and we are zatisfied that I"tnni and punishes with fine and Imprisonment any one
all political and commercial experience will verify it—that who shall seduce an artisan to settle abroad.
every law, which has not its basis in justice, will always
be found not only injurious to the public 'welfare in its re-
suit, but subversive of the real
.interesls of the selfish and
shOrt-sighttd contrivers ef.it. it iitiftfileinos.wisat such a
law is meant to effect, and what is intended to be its object,
the consequene.a will be the same: if it begins in evil, in
evil it will end.

FORLWN WOOL AND WOOLLEN TRADE.

A numerous rand highly re meeting of persons in-
trrested In tha Woollen l'esde, wwwwided yesterday, at the London
rrawans, snee of advertisinnwee, W consider what steps Men
necessary to be taken to induce the Government to grant them some
indulgeneiss in the proposed alteration of the laws relative to the
in.portation offoreign wool.
At one o'clock J. litscitorr, Esq. was celled to the Chair,
Mr. Maitland being disabled front attending.
The CHAIRMAN then suggested that it would be necessary, to
enable the Meeting to understand the ground on which they stood,
that they should be put in possession of what had transpired at the
interview that the deputation of the body representing their interests
had had with the Chancellor of the Exchequer ; he therefore pro-
posed that 3lr. Riley, who was the organ of that deputation, should
communicate the circumstances to the Meeting.
Mr. RILEY a-xotdingly read the following report:—
" The Committee of holders of foreihm wool, duty paid, ap-
pointed at a Meeting held at the White Bear, Ilasinghallaweet,
on Thursday, the 11th of Much, 1i124, Report--That they waited
on the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on
Monday last, atuside4 by T. Wilson, Esq. 31. P., Hart Davis,
Esq. M.P., and Joseph Cripps, Esq. M.P., who very ably advo-
cated their claims for a return of 3d. per pound, on the stock of
foreign wool unbroken, in the hands of the importer, stealer, mer-
chant, and manufacturer, a/herds/sr the duty on the importation is
reduced to one penny per pound, and they are sorry to say they
could get no assurance that such • measure would be conceded
to them. The Committee therefore are of opinion, that another
effort should be made by an urine of all classes interested in the
trade, and they do not despair of the Chancellor agreeing to their
proposals." _ _

(Signed, at the request of the Committee.)
"J. RILEY."
The reading of this report having been concluded, thcresolutions
were moved by Mr. SuErraan, and seconded by Mr. HEATH
(for which see advertisement.)
Mr. BULLER moved a votc of thanks to the Chairman, and the
Meetilauturned, when the Committee immediately proceeded to
their