The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1826-05-25 00:00:00

COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.

Thta Seating, TitURSDA V, May 2.1, will be performed the new Play of
WOulttaTOCE.
The principal Characters by 11 .C. Kimble, V!'arde, W. Farrell.
Merle, JJIICS, Cooper. Egerton, Blanchard. Chapman, and Evans; Master
boughurat, Mrs. Chatterley, AliNsea Jones end J. Scott.

After which the Farce et
TOO LATE FOR DINNER.

Flank Poppleton. I.lr. Jonea ; Mr. Nicholas Twill, Mr. Keeley Robert
Rafter, Mr. Rayner. 111b41, Emma Somerton, Miss Love.

ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. •

The Public are most respectfully requested to take notice that the
LAST THREE NIGHTS of MR. MATHEWS' INVITATIONS are
positively fixed for This Y.venine, THURSDAY, May 25; SATURDAY,
May 17; and MONDAY, May r.).
An early application at the Ros-crflice will ha requisite for the parties
who Intend to honour Mr. Mathews with a visit.

AUELPHI THEATRE.
THE. LAST NIGHTS.

Mr. TATES will repcst his Entertainment, for the last times, This
Evening, THURSDAY, May 24 SATURDAY, 2i ; MONDAY, V ;
TUESDAY, :10; THUPSDAY, June I; and SATURDAY, 3, consisting
of Sketches from Life, Manners, and Peculiarities, entitled
YATES' REMINISCENCES;
OR, ETCHINOS OF LIFR AND CHARACTER,
. . . . .

which he wUI Introduce the fallowing Song,
"Masquerading"—" %Waxbill Gardens"—"Smlthileld Cattle Show"—
—• " - .

• .Pitulbroler's Shop"—" Humour, of an Election"—
"'fheatrical Fund Dinner."
To conclude with a litonopolylone, entitled
MR. CHAIItIIAN.
In which Mr. Yates will suttalu Eight different Characters.
H. see, 4.. Plt, 2s. Gallery, ie.
Doors open at Seven, and begin punctually at haltpaat Seven.
Half.priee at Nine.

•e• All Lotteries end rw ever with this Drawls,. Six Prises 30,000 L
a!i In One on. The Price or Tickets and Shares will rise after next
Saturday.

The Bamsx Pers.; eammeneed publishing yesterday wont-
lag at half past six o'clock.

LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 23, MI.

wnvlrmen bvve bon' cm't away from
Paris, with travelling passports, by which they ate allowed
three sous per league. " This measure of police," accord-
ing to the Ftoile, " does not prove that the workmen at
Paris are destitute of subsistence. Its object is merely to
prevent an excess of workmen, who are incessantly attracted
to the capital by the prospect of a gain of five francs per
day." But this weak manner of stating the fact seems
only to confirm what N. B. CONSTANT has asserted in the
Chamber of Deputies, about the distress in France. An
extract from the Fclairenr du Rhone, which we have sub-
joined, shows that the distress in Lyons still goes on in-
creasing, and we have no doubt but that the crisis which
has been so sensibly felt in this country, has now extended
its influence to France, as to every other country in
Europe.

Number 89 of the Bulletin des Lois contains an ordi-
nance relative to the establishment of eleven new nunne-
ries. The Bishop of HERMoro me, by the advice of the
Council of State, attests that there is nothing in the plan
of these establishments contrary to the Charter, to therights
of the Crown, or to the privileges, liberties, and maxims of
the Galilean Church; but the statutes appointing them
have not been made public. M. BENJAMIN Cot/arm/r
has thought proper to publish a reply to the accusations
of inconsistency which have been thrown out against him.
He has answered them in the shapq of a letter to 'the
editors of the Ornerier Francais and the Constitutionnel.

In proof of the little regard which the French Ministry
pays to its neutrality, in the case of the Greeks, the Con-
stitutionnel has published an account of the circumstances
of the Spartiate (a Greek vessel in the port of Marseilles),
signed by the Greek passengers, and attested by a public
notary. The circumstances of the case we laid before our
readers in an extract of a letter from Marseilles, of which
we had procured a copy.
By the private correspondence from Madrid of the 11th
May, it seems that an attempt hasybeen made to execute
the decree of the Ist October, 1823, by which 30,000 per-
sons would be expelled from Madrid. The population
have applied in crowds to RECACIJO, to whom the execution
of the order has been entrusted, for the purpose of inducing
him to present a remonstrance to the King against the
order. The Duke del I NIANTADO received lately an
affront from FERDINAND, which would have led him to
resign immediately, if not prevented by those about him,
whose interest it is that he should continue in office.

The !:toile of the 2341 inst. contains no news of any
importance. We have subjoined two paragraphs from the
French Morning Papers.
(From the Quotidientte.]
. . .

We have just lenrnt the arrival at the flovsnnah of Guerrero, of
the line, and the Satirs brig, after a passage of thirty-three days.
It seems certain that 4,000 of our best troops will be embarked In
the hero and Algesiras. In the present situation of Mexico, these
troops, and the squadron which is going to be collected in the island
of Cuba, will enable the Government to send an expedition of
8,000 or 10,000 men to nssist the Spanish party in Mexico.
'From the EcLireiir do Rhone of the 18th inst.]
Business has never been seen so generally dead in our market as
it has been for some time. There is very little demand for our ma.
nufactures. Looms are stopped every day, and the number of
workmen out of employment increases considerably. The return
of business Is uncertain. It does not here depend on any particular
cause. It Is the effect of a general distress.
FRIVCII FUNDS.—PARIS, MAY 22.—Five per Cents. 9fif.
0:.; Three per Cents. 0-0. 20c. ; Bank Stock, 2010 f. ; Neapolitan
Rentes, 931. 25c. ; Royal Spanish Loan, 451 f. Exchange on
London—One Month, 25f. 50c. ; Three Months, 25f. 30c.—Cours
Antheutipc.

The following is an extract from the official journal of
Brussels, in reply to an article in the Courrier of the
Meuse. It is of importance, as showing the language
which Governments, in strict alliance with our own, are
accustomed to sanction with regard to those secret associa-

lions of modern Jesuits, which the British Pres.? was the
first to denounce' in this country. Attempts have been
made by some journalists to confound the principles and
measures of these sectaries with those of the French Minis-
try, and these attempts have been in some measure suc-
cessful ; but the principles of the French Ministry are
perfectly distinct from those of the modern Jesuits, who
ue the exclusive supporters of the aristocracy and the
Galilean Church. It is the object of the French journals
to throw the odium of the one, upon the other, in the same
way as it has been attempted in this country to confound
the principles of our present administration with those of
the Tories in the days of divine right and non-resistance:—

" Have you forgotten—to use the words of an eloquent Member
of the Second Chamber of the States General,—have you forgotten
the Intrigues, the manoeuvres, and the obstinacy with which the
organization of the representative system. and of those powers insti-
tuted by our fundamental law, were opposed in this country? Have
you forgotten how the conscience of many good persons was tor-
tured to prevent the formation of municipal administrations and
regencies of provincial states and tribunals ? And, when at last
our country basting been liberated from those turbulent strangers,
who oppressed the clergy—when, thanks to the wisdom of Govern.
meet, and the right spirit of the ministers of the Catholic religion
we were at last restored to peace and tranquillity—are you not aware
hOw many attempts were made. along with other establishments.with
ongregations directed by a chief resident in France, to naturalize,
real Nuernrsalei (auxiliaries) of St. Acheul and Montroage in this
country? Can you tell us who had charged then ardent missionaries
to tome and usurp the functions of our ecclesiastics ? Do you not
know how they had persuaded several heals of families to send
their children abroad to those seminaries in which the principles
of Jesuitism prevail, and are connected with a high &glee of cor-
ruption of morals ?—f Memoir?, of Montbmicr ).—A nd when these
manta-arm were unveiled, are you not acquainted with the reasons
why ooe of these establishments. in which the beau ideal of Jesuitism
exists in all its purity. was founded at Turcoing, on our extreme
frontier, and la the neighbourhood of the two Flanders ? We shall
add, that if we may believe the assertions of some persons who
seem to be pretty well informed, there are some persons who know
beter than we do in what part of our provinces those shoots, planted
by ultra-montaninp, are still to he found.

Dutch Papers to the fat May have been received, but
they contain no news of any importance. It seems that
the dispute with Austria and Prussia about the Duchy of
Luxemburgh, and the navigation of the Rhine, has not
yet been brought to a conclusion; but it is not supposed
that it will give rise to any war between the parties,
though it is expected that Pro.sht, which considers itself
as principally aggrieved, will insist on levying the same
duties on the transit trade on its frontiers as are at present
levied on those of Holland—a resolution which would
operate as an express prohibition of all commercial inter-
course between the two countries.

The following proclamation of the Government of Hayti,
dated the Ist of April, deserves attention. Hay tian vessels
are now allowed to trade with all countries, except the
colonies and the provinces of North and South Carolina,
in which the slave population would render any inter-
course with Hayti an object of great jealousy to their
respective Governments:—

REPI'BI.IC OF HAcTI.
PROCIA3IATION.
JEAN PIERRE BOYER. PRESIDENT OF Ilerrt.
The motives which induced this Government to forbid all inteit
course between its vessels and foreign countries being no longer in
existence. since, by the acknowletiqernent of our Independence, and
the establishment in Hayti of Consuls from several Powers. the
Haytian flag can appear on the high seas with that respectability
which the laws of nations guarantees. we declare that from the 15th
loin. our proclamation of the 20th of March shall be revived, in
order that the citizens of Hayti, in carrying on commerce with
?metro countries, may enjoy all the advantages which they have a
right to expert.
'fberefore, our vessels may navigate the high seas, and trade with
the countries that are on terms of friendship with the Republic,
taking care strictly to observe the laws of nations.
Nevertheless, our determination to avoid most s«oPotoovir every
ti octaistoo of uonsge to (Hoe, sxott. to relation to the inter.
nal police of their colonies, requires that we should renew once
•mort, by these presents, our express prohibition to Haytian vessels
to go to the islands and colonies belonging to them Govern.
meats, as well as to North and South Carolina, in the United
States of America.

Nevertheless. in conformity with the wish formerly expressed
by the Governments of St. Thomas and Curae3l, that our com.
mercial relations should continue on their ancient footing, and
now that we can reply to those friendly advances without endanger.
ing the honour of the national Hag. we authorize flay:len vessels
to trade freely wtth the said islards of St. Thome. and Curaooa.
This proclamation shall be printed and published wherever it
may be necessary, and inserted for three months in the (Mqrsial Ga-
zette. The Authorities, both civil and miiitary, will conform
thereto.

Given at the National Palace of Port-au-Prince, this let day of
April, 1826, in the 23d year of our indepcnBence.

BOYER.

While the Government at home is employed in abolish-
ing tiv restrictions which have so long been imposed on
foreign trade, some of cur Colonies appear to be in-
clined to pursue a line of conduct entirely the reverse. An
Act, it seems, has been passed by the Colonial Legislature
of Nova Scotia, imposing a variety of new duties upon ar-
ticles imparted from foreign countries; and it is considered
by the politicians of the Colony, that the Act will be a
great protection to their own manufacturers and tradesmen
against foreigners, particularly of the United States. With
this view, they have imposed additional duties on cattle,
wines, bread, fruit, manufactured tobacco, &e.; but the
most remarkable feature of the Bill is, that all goods im-
ported from any place within the limits of the East India
Company's charter, are made liable to a duty of 31 per
cent. ; and all other foreign goods not specified in the
Bill, and subject to w/ t odor ent duties under the new Colonial
Act, are also to be liable to this additional duty of 3f per
Cent. above that which was fernierly charged upon them
By this clause, all goods coining from the Mediterranean,
subject to a duty of 71 per cent., and all foreign goods
charged sin ady with duties of 10, 15, 20, er 30 per cent.,
are made subject, in addition, to this new Colonial duty.
The Act is entitled, " An Act for the further increase of
the revenue, by imposing a duty upon articles imported
from foreign countries ;" and it has received the sanction
of the Colonial Government. IVhether the Government at
home will be inclined to approve such a measure, we are
not prepared to say. The Colonies have a right to regu-
late their own affairs, and it is proper that they should im-
pose such duties as may secure their own market as much
as possible to the colonists themselves, and to the traders of
the Mother Country ; but whether such measures as these
are likely to be beneficial in that point of view, is a ques-
tion which we fear must be answered in the negative.

The subject of the l'oor Laws is one to which the atten-
tion of the Public has often been drawn ; and it has lately
been directed to it more forcibly than usual, from the dis-
tress now prevailing among the manufacturing districts,
and the consequent increase of poor's rates. We will ven-
ture to say, that his Majesty's Ministers have not been
inattentive to the subject, and with them we are willing to
leave the question, both as to the time and the manner of
providing a remedy. In the mean time, we may be per-
mitted to make a few remarks on the probable course to
be adopted. There cannot be two opinions respecting
the disadvantages of the present system ; but while
it is the opinion of many that a change is necessary,
it is equally well understood on all hands that a sudden
change in this particular would be attended with dan-
gers of the most alarming nature—dangers which might
sweep all property from the hands of its present possessors,
and finish by ruining those whom the measure was
meant to relieve. In order to diminish pauperism, modern
politicians have seen no better method than to discourage
population. The principle upon which these economists
argue is, that i 1 is the duty of every Government to see
that its subjects possess all the nbeessarles and conveniencca

of fife. If the necessaries and conveniences of life canna
he produced in sufficient abundance to anpply the popui,:
lion, misery must ensue. It is therefore necessary to k-en
down the population to the level of the means of sq..
sistence.—They assume in this argument, that the mear,
of subsistence are not capable of farther increase; for i;
must be shown that no more food can be raised M
the
country, before we determine on measures, which would
not indeed destroy life, but would prevent its production
beforehand. It must be shown also, before we caste to the
same conclusion with these reasoner, that it is belle,
for a man to enjoy many superfluities (and there is no man
who does not enjoy superfluities of some sort or other' than
that he should employ what he would otherwise have
wasted on these superfluities in bringirg up a family; for
whether we look upon this question as it respocts comfort
or interest, it at least requires to be considered for a tn,
ment whether the charms of domestic life, and the future
prospects of assistance from a family, are not sufficient to
counterbalance a certain degree of prospective or immediate
privation. The object of a patriotic Government must, thew,
fore be, in the first place to encourage every method by whith
the means of subsistence can be increased, either by ire.
provements in agriculture, or by diverting the money spelt
in the consumption of superfluities, to objects of real neee
city. Nature has implanted certain principles in ma-,
which it is impossible to eradicate, and to attempt to do o
by legislative enactments will only make men more &II),
rately bent on gratifying them. Crime and virleoce are
the unavoidable results of attempts to suppress such pas.
sions. Nor does it mend the matter to propose emigratiGn:
exile is itself an evil, and an evil which implies a violence
done to all those passions to which we have just alludsd.
Exile separates us from all our ties and all our prospects
at home. It is an evil to which no man submits, if tot
compelled. Were it not to be feared that the victims of
such a system would turn round and ask, " While they are
driven abroad for want of necessaries, why 99 many re.
main in the land revelling in superfluity ?" The doctrine;
of natural equality would soon be invoked, and revoia-
tion, instead of emigration, would speedily thin our pt.
pulation. This must be the inevitable result of all
schemes for discouraging the increase of population.
But there are other and more desirable measures. It
is' undoubtedly the duty and the interest of tie
rich to support the poor ; for if not supported, they are
sure to be driven into crimes which will be fatal to the
rich themselves, by rendering property insecure. We have
spoken of improvements in agriculture, and we are confi.
dent that many such still remain to be made. Wasteland'
remain to be cultivated ; but above all, the poor haee ro
learn the easiest and cheapest methods of procuring their own
subsistence, and the rich have to find out the superiority of
the distinction to be derived from seeing crowds of grateful
dependents, to that of sporting fine equipages and expensive
entertainments. By the present system, a certain rate is
levied on the parish, and an allowance is made, generally
in money, to the objects to be relieved. This they lay oat
in their own way, and sometimes with great imprudence.
Frequently no labour is extracted from them, and their
want of employment gives them time to meditate on schemes
prejudicial to society. To remedy these evils, one method
only presents itself, and that is, to change the system en-
tirely—to do away with poor rates, by obliging the land-
holders to redeem them, and to purchase land with
rho r^•-or eot—t, "oropnateti to one main-
tenance of the poor, and to be cultivated by them with
that view. In these lands the sole object would be to sup.
pert nature in the most economical manner—to raise the
largest possible quantity of nutritious food from the
smallest 'possible extent of ground, and to make that labor
of service which would otherwise he unemployed, by cal-
tivatiog ground which now remains uncultivated, and by
introducing modes of cnitnre which private individuals,
with purchased labour, could not venture to attempt.
The institution would thus become beneficial to the coun-
try, not only as relieving it from the burden of its poor,
but as providing a sort of experimental school of agricul-
ture, and producing permanent improvements in those
tracts of couotry in which it might be introduced. The
possible extent to which improvements may be carried may
be conjectured 'from the following argument. It is well
known that potatoes ;produce a very great proportion
of food on a limited extent of ground, anti it is ob-
vious that a larger population of poor could be supported
on this root than by any other mode of aliment. The
cause of the large produce derived from the potato is not,
however, confined to it ; but might suggest a useful hint
in the cultivation of grain in barren and mountainous
districts. The potato is more productive than other plants,
because it extends its roots deeper, and derives its nourish-
ment from a larger portion of soil. Grain derives Its
nourishment from the mere surface, and therefore a
much less depth might be sufficient for producing It.
There are many instances of the transportation of soil from
the most distant countries, and there are, perhaps, few of
Ale most barren tracts in the United Kingdom which could
not derive supplies of this kind by a much nearer and
easier conveyance titan that by which the little island
of Malta, in the course of no very protracted period, re-
°tired. almost all the soil which now covers its surface
from the comparatively distant shores of Sicily. If at y
such scheme as this were found practicable, the number of
poor might become almost a subject of congratulation, for
their labour would be the most truly productive of all
branch of the community.

CITY, WEDNESDAY EvENixo.

The transactions in the Funds this morning have been t.) a very
considerable extent, and in consequence of Russian Sock
been freely inquired after. it was inferred by speculators that cl;e
warlike demonstrations of that Power had passed away, and that
naturally gave a favourable turn to Consols, which opeoed at
for the July account. At this quotation immense purchases were
completed, anti an advance of 1 per cent. was the result of Oat
activity in the English Market. At this high price, VI, business
was continued with much eagerness. and the closing price east only
a shade lower than the highest price of the day, the last bargain'
being done at 79i. The Exchequer Bill Market conticurs rather
depressed, having never recovered from the decline it experFneed a
few days since ; Bs. 9s. pm. is the present price. Bank S:eck was
this morning 2011, India ditto 234, and the Bond< 74.
The Foreign Market wax a good deal neglected to-t!..7. Po'tku"
larly South American Socks. Colombian and Mexican Bonds
rallied a little in the middle of the day ; but the Romer .:11'4e-
queenly declined to 42?, and the latter to 621. Greek Bonds
were 11l ; Spanish 71, and Austrian Bonds 84 Tae Share
Market was without business. This, probably, will be the hew.
viest day of business of the week, as the Derby will be nut for

The Bengal. Captain GALLOP, has arrived from Batavia, nom
whence she sailed on the 26th of January. One of the letters we
have seen nays, " All the ports of Batavia aro declared free to trade
with all other nations :" but all the other statements only say such a
measure is in a forward state, and it is reported had passed the Cou-
ncil. This great alterston has been brought about by the indefatiga-
ble exer.ions of the Lieutenant-Governor, General DE KOCK. The
Governor-Get eras, V•NDEK CAPF:LLEN, had proceeded to BINS
to take his departure for Europe, having been superseded
b 7 the appointment rf a new Governor ; the latter had not tossed.
Ihe Governor ad bac tini had put no end to the war, by pro-
mising the native Princes protection for their property and per-
snnal security, whatever their previous conduct might have beer.
One hundred and eighty soldiers had arrived from Holland, acd
(100 more were daily looked fur.