The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-10-03 00:00:00

NAVAL INTN.LLICENCE.

►ORTs7IOLTA, ocroUnt 1.
Arrive.] the Aetole, Colibertu.s, from Messius.

VALIOOO7II, 30.

Arrived Ow Dolt. of Kent packet from I.rshoo, in Moo
flays; Novitoe, °mini,. fr.•m Ihnen. Arri►rd of the Port
the .I.lllr, Dllllhork, Iron, ni,ortn, in fourteris dogs.

PLVIIOUTU, SIPTI.MII/1 30.

Arrived the Robert and Mantra...B, Cr ,y, fi.•m Itica,iss 17
shy. —Off Ow port the All.xander, M.tlrr, Ito. Cadiz for
N'% bur I. R 7 data.
Passed by ih. /wore Adrian, Boon, from Rollordool for
R.invia, mod she GrJoars Mow, Logi, hogs Lisboa for
Londoo.

111ARICICH, °MISER 1.
Arrived the Lrieratev, Hammond, Irum Cuxhaven, with
&r.

DIAL, OCTOBER 1.
Sailed laet ■ight the whole 0( the otsigrardbudaul C.d. the

C4me skarn /►em she river and sailal the Circassian.
Wa•... for essrivintsasis sod Calculi.; and Griffin, Cubists,
Cs. siw ?Ivan ars..

Arnrrol sold sailed for the river Ike Bur'intim, W 1!...,
from Jll3lllCie

CORN EXCHANGE, OCTOnflt 2.

Nearly at ihe close of Momlny's nimrket a saddled fan look
place on the price of Wheal, in consequence of an lialwidtge
stutter ..lane Fh.ur el Si. pee sack under She quitted prices
and some of the hest runs le itteffecinally offenrd al a re.
(Porton. of 3.. per rpo3lior; and althowth wt have hid au
✓er,val.. except Iwo ver.el4 from the Norfolk coast, Wheat
S. e%r”rils,,il) heavy this tint at that abatement. New
tl.lll 113 Ir. mot Na 2, per qr. lower thaw
.41 list Mluutar st.i,lll(lll. 4416 9.1111 in rentrtl. and are
vrady .ale at the a•ivaore of lit‘t Mooday.--168 Betas, Prase,
rut otber articles there is Ito 015.f6110111.

()it Thursday se`nitight, at eight o'clock in the
sviorsiing, a horse was discovered on an island called
1:le Horse Nisbitt a mile from the pier brad
at Porirratli, Cocoa all. The animal fell neer the
rlitt oboist lOU feet high into the water, without
nev injury, slid was carried by the ebb to the
i.l,ud, nearly a mile front die place where he fell.
About 4C %VII o'clock yesterdby morning the
Swatilard, facing Somerset House, in
ncie theadfully alarmed at a great
part of the street Wittig in, and exposing to view a
mist fearful :11))sr, the bottom of wbicli the eye
in 011 not revel,. On essuntiation it appears to
114 t b-en an old well coerced io, and upward, of
lot!". Gri iii depth, eighty of t%hiCt is now
101 l of w:iter. I 1 it it happened at bight the loss
lives that wool I occur is incalculable, as this
tremendous shlss is in the vet)• cruise of a very
uanots thorotigiilare, so th■t whoever might tinfor-
tiestely fall iii could give no alarm, and one
wile, ;moth, r might meet the same fate. The well
shunt tight feet Ili diameter. Many curious
it in the (11116 e is the day : It is
yore fenced over to prevent accidents.

The following details, as curious as interesting.
res:,ectitie finilit• of the particulars which followed
tee trial ul C,lols and Roger. are extracted from a
dat,(l Strasburg, the Y3ll ir.sliiirt
coliforrnily with the custom of Councils of
the arensed wets teconducted to ptisoil. At
r•rll the doctiwion had be. it brought to
total :he pentenee pronounced. the reporting Captain
got e notice of it to the gaoler of the Iluuse of Jus-
tice, where Caton was in ellisiody, in order that he
should prepare the coodenaned. tor the notitiration
of the grottier a Itirli Has shout to he wade to him
flu presence of the guaid under atoms. Ile was at
ditim r t,b4.n the hearer of the order of
the re pt trr, pre,r mud litimelf, and whilst the gaoler
wrote the treript. Caren, having cast lii• eyes on
the fatal billet, exclaimed, " I em condemned !
1 rxi,„!,4,1 ,o he en." He then finished his repast.
AL De l'o4sa. Captain-Reporter, then arrived,
•meceded ht the guard. cud read to Caron the aen-
leiter of death. Hr liqesied tranquilly, anal after-
waits e,r l to the Calitattt, " It is nil set of
iujos-
ttre ! but I peeler bang condemned by you rather
.hen by sty fellow.eittzens." lie deniataled a re-
vi.loll. It is oar I;tt,ssti at what time the Council
will teotrinble to determine upon tins dernatid.
Amongst the •Ixty Wits,esSCS cited before the
Council at the dentinal of the accused, figured M.
DublJr (Cse•lir litmus), cootlemnesl to live years
isripri•outtneut fur the e..uspiraey of Erfurt. Sulu-
rriostid to declare his situation arid profession, this
saltness saawrred—" A netich Ouse% free, though
ill irons.."

'Phis affair occupied the Council of War during
lire sittings. Caron displayer! much presence of
mind in the mowers that he imide..uud as much in-
genuity ill the questions that he addressed to the
witnesses on both sides. During the latter sittings
so alteration and appearance of despondency was
iu him. All good tutu regret that such a
saw should hare lost himself its becoming the ae-
sumpliee of the factious enemies of a legitimate
throne. mull the scourges of their country.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

EXTRACT IFEONI THE REPORT OF THE COMM,.
I "MIME OF INQUIET INTO THE STATE OF THE
COLONY' OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

(Contifitatt from yew Paper e yesterday.)

Another instance of the some kind had taken place
during the residence Mr. Deputy Aasista•.t
Commissiry-Genersil 'Walker at Launceston. A
•d'emale convict was not only permitted to live with
him. hut he appeared with her in the town of
Laenceiton, and in a manner that evinced the terms
upon which they lived. This occurrence took place
during the residence of Lieutenant-Colonel Cimi-
tiere at Launceston, who endeavoured by admoni-
tion anti remoirstarice wish Mr. Walker, to !.event
the occurrence of such It di•g►aceful practice. lie
expostulated with him its vain ; sad it was with in.
flute. surprise 1111(1 regret that I learnt that after the
departure of Mr. Walker fur brad.gea►ters, Mr.
Archer, one of the Magistrates at Laulireornii, had
recommended the same female convict to Lieute-
nant-Governor Sorrell fir a ticket of leave,
Throe circtstnatanees are sufficient to show the
very low state of public moods at Launceston; and,
from the information I received,' 1 found that it
gerater degree of immorality prevailed in all the
settled districts.

The same system of remuneration that prevails ■t
Sydney, in assig g caevicts on the wore to the
different officers of G .vernment, exists likewise at
Hobart Toots and Launceston ; each of the Alegi-
stnites is sllowed four of sack men; and Maio,
Bell has that 'bomber in his capacity of Magistrate,
and two more as Acting-Engineer.
With the exception of Mr. Gordon. and Mr.
Deputy Judge Advocate Abbott. the magistrates
allow the greatest number of the men arsigesed to
them to make Own payments in wheat, in the ar-
ticles in which they deal, or in money; the last
is the least freqaent mode ..f payment, and the least
regular. Where the emivicts who are thins allowed
do not lit•e upon the rano., or in the houses of the
magistrates, the same consequences follow as in
New South Wales; and the some obscrinnimis
that applied to the system of remuneration there,
are applicable in Van Dletnan's Land, except that
the control over the convict'', and the knowledge
of their places of residence, is much more precisely
traced and fixed by Mr. Ilsiniphreyr, the police
magistrate, than it is by the priticipale superinten-
dent of convicts at Sydney. 'At Launcestou I
found that the system equally prevailed ; but as
the commandant, Lirurenaut•Colotiel Cimitiire,
and Lieutenant Lorton, of the 44th regiment, who
was appointed to art as coroner. aid Lieutenant
Vanderareulen, the iorpector of work*. were tint
possessed of farms, they met-tinnily gave permis-
sion to their men to work were they could find em•
ployment. and received wheat from them in returns
it had been repeatedly charged by Mr. Leith,
the superintendent of oinks at George Town, that
the several commandants sit that swims had seleCted
some of the best workmen as their @sniped con-
victs ; and 1 found that a rough carpenter had
been far six months assigned to Lieutenerit-Colonel
Citniti&e. This is a species of appropriation, that
forms one of the principal advantages derived from
the remote or ifilnirtlirie sOpefts.ftlidrner of the cost-
vim.; and us the difference between a skilful mid me-
alcilful labourer constitutes the difference of loss or
Rani to the settler, so is the seine degree of interest
felt, and the same distioeti tttt enenipted to be made,
by those to whom they are nasigned for rentnitera-
tom ; the only ellifereuee between the two cases
being. that in one the ►titter bus no power or Melia.*
of selection, and iu the odor many viresinetances
combine to give that power anal to conceal us exer-
cise.

The manner in which Lientenaar.Colooel
Cimi-
tidre disposed of the produce of his inen's labour
will be untieed when I come to consider the Wire-
motion that I received, soil the evidence that I souk
anon that subject, its cum junetion with Lieutenant-
Governor Sorrell. The worns that were imide to
me of offences committed et Hobart Town, embrace
a period of ten yeas.; hut those only that are
subsequent to the month of Aped 18 i 7, Ire certified
by Mr. Humphrey., the Police Magistrate.
As the proceedings were not alweyv taken dowil in
writing until after that time, our the records in his
custody, or in sod, I/ stare that an accurate
transcript or abstract cculd be made fions them. I
cannot rely with confidence noon the records
of offences that ure of an earlier date thugs the
mouth of April 1817 ; au abstract, however, has
been taken of the offence§ pimished by the Magi-
strates during the period of ten years. In cols-
sequence of the expense that has attended the tram:-
mission of prisoners and witnesses from Van Die-
men's Land to Sydney, all offences committed by
convicts there, except murder, were ordered to he
tried and punished by the Magistrates. And for the
purpose of better preserving the peace, a practice
has been heuelicialiy iusroduced of binding over, for
• certain period, free peranos charged on oath, and
credible tea ov, wills having committed breaches
of the peace, and of reviving the recognizencer, if it
should appear to the Megiatrates that there war a
necessity for such a measure. In cases of felony
and misdemeanor likewise, • criminal jurisdiction
was exercised by the magistrates over free persons,
from the year 1810 till the arrival of Mr. Deputy
Judge Advocate Abbott ; when, with the exception
of taking securities for breaches of the peace, sod
fining for drunkenness, the offences of free persons
were referred to the cognizince of the crituival
courts at Sydney.
The extent or ttttt Seliments inflicted by the ma-
gistrates at Hobart Town nppears to have varied
greatly. In the years 1810 and 1811 se many
as 500 lashes have been isiflicted ; but since the
commencement of the year 1816, they have very rarely
exceeded 100, and have generally been limited to
50. In consequence of the factlity of reference pos-
sessed by Mr. Humphreys to the name as well as
condition of every ootivirt that has arrived iu the
southern settlements of Vao Diemait's Land, since
lie was appointed to the seperiateiodenee of the
police in the year 1817, lie was enabled to tax
those particulars to a very large proportion of the
convicts that had been brought befure the magistrates
at Helmut Town. except in the years 1819 mod IMO.
when, iu consequence of sending off from Sydney.
with greater dispatch than usual. a number of
convicts who had been engaged in an extensive
smoqpiracy to surprise and carry off vessels Irmo

tte harbour of Pint JcckicQr (belt 014064 sell.
tences bad not been transmitted from the Secre-
tary's office at Sydney, and their condition could
not be arcertoineel till the muster of 1820 was com-
pleted. It is by reference to that document that I
have been *able to esrertaio the exact numlwr of
the different clte.es of convicts in the distract of
Holont Town, and adjoining districts, end to
compare it with the convictions for the acme period,
without this knowledge of these particulars for
the precedneg years, the same COMptifiooll cannot be
effected, but for six TOIIIII4 of the year !sip it
appears, that oat of 457 offences "'plan" by
convicts in thew district-, 202 were committed by
convicts transported fur seven years; 41 by those
for 14 years; soul 134 by those fur life; the num-
hers of convicts of those ve!ersl classes amounting
to 946 for i•evrti years, 255 fur 14 years, and 709
for Isle. 11 will thus appear that the proportion of
offences committed by she class of seven years
(Nuevo-is, is to the whole numbers of that class as
1 to 31; the proportion of the class o fl 4 years, is
as I to 6 1.5; end that of the convicts for life, is
al 1 to st.
The I 111 l ited accommodation of the gaol altsflo.
butt Town, slid the number of prisoners with
which it 11811 burn fr.rpiently crowded before the
means could be procured of sending them with the
with ln Sydney, has mach diminished the effect
of confineusent their : Lieutenant-Governur Sorrell
has endeavoured to remedy it by the construction
of solitary cells ; but they have not been. lately,
found sufficiently numerous for the prisoners 'eel-
towed by the magistrates.
The punishment of the goal-pg at Hobart
Town I obsevved to he very inefficient. The Pri-
soners worked its irons, as at Sydney. in cleaning
and levelling the etre. to; but I could observe that
there war very little exertion used to make them
work. and that they frequently received supplies of
food from their *Acquaintance in the streets. Lire.
teuent-Governor Sorrell had long perceived the
want of a place of secondary punishment. similar
to that which had existed at the Coal River ; and
agreeing with me in the expediency of providing
our that wool(' be more within reach, Mr. Oxley,
the Surveyor-General, who accompanied me to Van
Dwindles Land, undertook to visit and inspett a
harbour on the north-west coast of Van Diemen's
Land, dist had received the appellation of Mac-
(interne Harbour, taking with him the pilot of
Hobart Town, Kelly, an experienced navigator,
who had previously visited the harbour. A series
of violent end adverse winds from the north-west
prevented the vessel in which they embarked from
making much progress after they left Port Davey,
a har.bour that they first proceeded to examine; end
alter cuuteorleug eganist very bad weather for four.
teen days, with great perseverance, end under cir-
curnetoucee of some personal hardship, an appre-
hension of want of plosioiona obliged them to re-
turn. I endeavoured to collect as much informa-
tion as I was able respecting this harbour; for it
appeared, both to Lieutenant-Governor Sorrell and
myself, to possees some particular recommendations
fur a place of punishment.
The spectre' of timber known in the colony by
the name of the boon pine was found iu great abun-
dance; there were also indications of coal ; and the
ranges of merit mountains that rose from the shores
of the harbour towards the interior, and through
which no one odd yet attempted to pass, formed
god security against rarsilw. Unfortunately the
entrance is Miriam., and difficult for vessels drew.
ing more than eight feet water, and the bar is
knowu to shift alter the prevalence of north-west
winds.

From the nature of the toil that has been exa-
mined on the- shoreo of this harbour, the maisite-
mince of the convicts sent thither would entirely de-
pend upon imported food ; and. from the best ac-
count., I. wino induced to believe that the supplies
would be liable to misty muskies and interruptions
from bad weather and bad navigation. Lieutenant-
Governor Sorrell seemed dispooed to renew the ex-
periment under more favourable circumstances of
weather, but 1 was not induced to believe that his
further invertigation of the capacities of Mar:quer:iv
Harbour would he more satisfactory than the sc-
coums that I had already received.
The registry of orfences and punishments iuflieted
at Launceston I found to liner been very irregularly
kept until the year 1817. From the 23d of No-
vember. 1813, to the 24.1 i of Map. 1817, rough
!ninnies of the evidnice had been token by the per.
son who now acts as clerk to Lieutenant-Colonel
Cuniti!bre, and fair copies were made by the clerk
alterwa►ds, but have never been signed by the Ma-
gistrates. In examining these hooks I found the
same difference in the extent of punishment existe•l
that is perceivable in the registry of offences and
punishments at Hobart Town, and the same exer-
cise of r ' ' at jurisdiction over free men. Au
abstract is made of the 'somber and nature of the
offences committed at both places in the different
years.

Before I quit this subject I think it necessary to
state, that recourse to corporal punishment became
inure a mutter of necessity at Launceston than at
any other of the settlements. The place of con-
finement there consisted only of two small rooms in
a house built of wood, without any fence or wall
to separate it flail the town; and the communica-
tion of the prisoners with their Incases, their Ire_
quest escape, and the want of control over them,
have all had their influence its impeding the course
of criminal justice, both in the investigation and
dart:lieu of crimes, us well as in their punish-
ment.

The female coovictr, from went of any ►eiterate
room in the prison, were placed in a smell wooden
but near the blacksmith'', forge, now converted into
a church, and a constable wee placed over them to
prevent their escape. This mode of 000 i o Innen'
sae found so ineffectual, that latterly the female
convicts were rent to George Town, where they
cohabited with the Government convicts.
As the attention of the different commandants
of the settlemerst at I'ort Dalrymple had been ex-
clusively directed to the construction of the build-
ings at George Town, it was nut considered neces-
sary by Gove►nor Marquarrie to incur ail expense
iu the repair of those at Louncesion; and, although
the necessity of making these repairs has been daily
increasing from the increase of population, the go.
venter always hoped that with the removal of
the residence of the commandant from Lean.
moon to George Town, the maw .1 the popula-
tion until name also. Upon what ettoacous

rsuncle atilt expeclalio3 was. and noon
what equally erroneous perception of the local
adeant•ges of these two station., Goveroor 11J•e-
-(parte'. recommendations and suggestions to
your Lordship have been made. it will nfterwsrds
be my duty to point out to you ; but the imme-
diate tie...essay of making some provisims it Laun-
ceston for the coiefinentrist of pri•otiers was so dis-
tremingly felt, that although Governor Nlacquarrie
did loot concur in the views that I took of the ex-
pediency of immediately sospending the buildings
at George Town, hr color-sited to allow some repairs
to he made to the gaol at Launceston. and has put
it stop to several nosulhorizsd locations of land in
that town, which had been mode by the c mond-
•iit withoot the knowledge of Lieutrooot-Governor
Sorrell, and under the notion that it was the inten-
tion of Governor Nlacquarrie to abandon the town
of Launceston altogether.
Having now observed upon the state of crimes
end punishments iiiflicted by the Magistrates upon
the convict popolstion of Nrw South Wales mod
Vast Diernaii'd Land, I think it u more convenient
opportunity in this place, to afford your Lordship
some isiformation respecting the settlement at
Hunter's River, otherwise called the Coal River.
Upon the evacuntion of Nittfulk Islatol, which,
at an early period of the colony, wits the first place
to which convict. were sent by way of punishment
for offences commuted within the colony, the im-
portance of Hooter'. River, ran place of secondary
punishment, became more fully known. Previous
to that now it had been resorted to us an establish.
mint for procuring a supply of ersols sod timber for
the demand of Government aid of individuals, who
were allowed to resort thither in vessels of their own,
and to purchase timber at the rate of three 'wore
per supeoficad foot, uud coals at the rate of 101.
per toil.
By the tenour of the instructions given by Go-
vernor Macquarie to Major Morisset, the present
commandant, sod dated the ZVI, December, 1818.
it would appear that the exchoive supply of the
same wild.... to Goverumeot was considered to be
the principal object of the establishment, and the
ponialiment of the convicts sent thither, to be a
subordinate one. There are, however, full instruc-
tions upon both points ; said commendable at-
Ifitt.ots is shown in them to prevent as much
as possible the communicator, of the prisoners with
the crews of vessels ilia might touch at Prot
floater, or the introduction of spirits. Port limi-
ter is situated io 32 deg. .58 min. south latitude,
and 151 deg. 4p2 milt. east longitude, and 5-2 miles
to the north of Port Jackson. The voyage toatid
from thence may be performed in eight hours; but
the difficulty of entering the harbour and of leav-
en it, in certain periods of the tide, tretpiently
causes a stronger detentlon. The settlement and
town are situated on the slope of a hill, that pre-
sents a front of abrupt sandstone rock towards the
sea, gradually receding into a barren clay and rand
towards the interior. The house aid residence of
the commandant Major Morisset, is placed in an
elevated situation at the end of the principal street,
and commands • view of the whole town. The
houses of for convicts are placed at itregular &a-
teliers from each other, but preserve an even line
towards the sheets, which are well laid out, and
kept in good order. They are servo its otainber
and contain altogether 13 houses that beloug to
Government, and 71 that belong to prisoners.
Flaying found it necessary to provide fur souse place
of lodging for those plisonerr, who either could
not easily find it themselves, or were tint In b-
trusted in the houses of When., Major Mutisset
lately built a wooden barrack, containing four
apartments for sleeping, and two fur messing; the
cosiviets. The plan 111111 (1101e1O110111 of this build-
tog are contained in the Appendix.
The greatest advantages have been experienced
from this measure, both in the prevention of noc-
turnal escapes, and of ilw bettering of the men's
rotten,. for tobacco slid utilities that were not allowed
in their government ration.
This building contains two rooms, in which there
are double rows of cribs, and in each of these three
men sleep. l'he dimensions of these cribs are boar
beet three inches by six fret. Theme are also two
sheds, one of which romans 24 births. and the
other 18, all of the same dimensions as its the
other rooms, affording altogether acrotomodation
for 246 men. The rennsilithor of the convicts either
possess hunters of their m.ll, or obtain lodgings by
the performance of domesto: bibour for the °worts.
An arrangement productive of very briii.lienri con-
sequences has been ',wooed out ill the tristrttchuois
to the commandant, and has beets store adopted by
him, by virtue of which every person who poplin;
for permission to build a house becomes respon-
sible fur any lodger quilling the artileniciit without
leave. It is the interest therefore of the owner if
the !loose to afford toloimation of an intended
escape of his inmates, said the preparations tor it are
now so well known, that timely precautions and
common vigilance to the visionaries may generally
pleielit theta.

The hours of labour far the consicis in hammer
are from five o'clock till rigid, front nine till twelve,
and from two to sunset. except on Saturdays, when
they hare from ten till tour to thennadees, and re-
sume their work from four till rtilmet. 'nit con-
vict, at Newcastle are inut.tetai four times iu the
day by the superisiteudem, a ho was • free man, mild
formerly r serjeant w the 46th regiment ; and if
any report is made or suspicion arise of a robbery
or an escape, the convicts are mustered at their
own houses.
Constables and overseers are selected Roue the
prisoners who most trCUIt4IIICII4I themselves; and
their pay consists of an Me:teased ration, and some-
times the labour of a couviet. it is stated by the
superintendent Evans. that he bud tin coodideure
iu the constable., and that they. ColllllWrii at the
escapes of the !tribune's. The Labour at Newcastle
consists of the common and cornier mechanical
operations, that are C 011410441 ill a place culled the
lumber-yard. and iu cutting and procuring logs
of wood from • distance of 70 miles us the interior
of the country. Parties are sent upon these expe-
ditions under the superintendence of au overseer
and a deputy. and the wen are linked by them to
cut and convey to the liver a certain quootily
of wood proportioned to the Mousier and ditEcully
of procuring it, and subject to the discretion of the
commandant. The logs of wood are thew mode
Mot rails and floated dos° the river by the tide.
huts beim mode epee then for the prettetieu
the gunge dram their stirkst, With Lots sometimes

tight days, Lntis always naceriain, on secouot of
the depth of water and current of the rivet.
parties are sometimes absent fur II molith or mare
upon these expeditious, and carry proistsig!:,
with them for that period ; and a steel mill for
grinding their corn. Another species of work la
the Coal River consists of hewing and raising coil at
one coal mine that is now worked there. Until the
year 1817 coal was obtained at this settlement
by a drift made on the sea shore, and level with 11,
penetrating a seam of coal that *hewed itself wider
the large mass of superincombeut sandstone th..it
forms the south headland of the entrance to
ter's River. The depth of the seam is three foq-,
and one inch: and it is the slime that is now worked
by a perpendicitlar shaft of I II fret, anti a co,n.
mon wisidlass turned by convicts. Ti,.. W.1.,'
found in the present coal-none is carried r ti i•t•
old drift to the sea shore. •0
employed in the working of the mine, ail.;
mouth of the shaft immediately adjoins thr
of the Cotumendant's house. Twenty too, of e„.d.
can be raised in one day by the slumber of men Slink•
employed; and I olarrtrd that revers' could pre-
form their task before the ordiurry labour of the
convicts ceased. but that they were drt.iintd ;it
the mouth of the pit, under a shed, to preveiit
them from taking advantage of the absence of
the other convicts from their houses, and plunderin4
them. Eight of the tamers employed, who how
the coals, are allowed an extra half-ration ; awl
it is found necessary to employ those tarts wilt) are
expert in this labour. convict. who have been ac-
customed to it it) Eugland are (reticently sent op
to the Coal River, direct frow Sydoey, upon their
first disembarkation front the ships. The height
of the pit. in which the coal is worked, is four feet
and a half; and the coals are conveyed in harrows
front the point al winch they are hewn, a distance
which is the month of February, 1820, tc,,, not
less than a hundred yards, to the bottom of the
shaft.

The labour in the coal mines at Newcastle i 4
found to be !at-judicial to the health of the COl,-
Vic's, on account of the bad ■or of the mote that
they breathe, and the difficulty that ii expen.ott•tvl
in clearing it of water. Alalimes, pulmonaly rood
rheumatic complaints, are those from viloch the
miners most .offer.

itaxt kind of labour in • hich the cam los
me employed is that of constructing a breakwati-r
wall, thst has received the name of Mucquarri,
Pier ; and that is intended to connect a small island
ut the mouth of the river with the main land. Tl!r
object of this work is to prevent the effect of a rt.,.
tide, which in south and south-east winds flows wail
rapidity and violence into the regular channel of the
river, and throws vessels that use passing it on the
shoals of the northern shore. The work will err.
toinly be useful, whets it is finished, but it proceeds
very alua ly.
Toe last mode of employment, or rather of pu-
nishment, for men who are found to be refractory,
or sent wish bad characters from the other wide-
menus. is that of collecting oyster shells and burn-
ing them into lime._

(Te is tonliiased.)

LUNAR IRIS. or RAINBOW ey MOONLIGHT.

The trio Lenart', is so seldom creel, that Dr. Plot assert ,
in his hisinry of Oxfordshire, that be knew several I a
slid eminent observers nits never saw one I. their liars; a i
that Aristotle noticed wily facer in the course of fifty year,.
Ass exceedingly interesting lei% of Otis description, alvcii
made its appointing* nearly dm north, was dietinctly ob-
i...awed by several person■ is the neighbourhood of Semen
Ritual half-past eight o'clock us Saturday evening. 'fins
Iron is Ihr braves, was every way complete ; the curirstarrt
maitre, Mooch its limn wasext►asive; and the shiny'," of its
apex seemed to us to be snore than 10 degrees. With that
Weeklies* of darkness which the ran...fraught eosin bad then
assumed iu the Mick pulled, t►is irktfe Arch of Lkasiy,
formed a its iking cuotrast ; whilst several stars in the cut.
siellation of the Dear, which were, fur • time, eunspiciloas
above, imparted additional grandeur to the scene. A rain.
how by moonlight. m so rare a plummier**, that it was
viewed, by spectators, with tint littering kind of admiration
which is characterised by wonder mingkd with delight.