The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1824-05-07 00:00:00

ibber he(Mr. Hume) said. Ile always spoke eandidly vim
sad he denied as an impossibility, that only twenty clerical
i'"7„,nes wat now away frost Ireland. Official documents contra- '
•iro;g- bon, stated the names, and in one diocese alone, signed be
grthop. there were twenty ! (Cries of " Hear, hear, hear.")
;row& ate absent according to the returns. The Right lion.
I"dernan was in Ireland; but perhaps he did not know that a Bill
"—brought in to enforce the residence of the Clergy in Ireland.
its
o er. W.) Accordin t the retrns, out of 1,2.111
mt , there nen
„„residents to the amoung tof f nearly u ! The obj of the Ho-
, `ale Gintlenisi opposite was to place hint anywnere but on his
orsrepreuntation would place him on his
gt.lie.la ; but he
Bofny) hoed the HO Ine ld dv, he
tated
actsp. (Hear, hetr,wou atten
hear.) hiz intv,r would rail isn
the
;i7or boo with a
oft"
who said hat the Irish Catholics were de.c
whit bar. (cries hear,") std yet piiiied a body who opposed
i. The aurch and individuals were not plat.vd in the same situ-
rim; the incumbent coidd not devise, the individual amid; the
poshest had no SUCCCSIIN, the heir of the individual had.
pa the law pointed bin out. The incumbent only existed hr the
blot the Land. Mr. ()rattan a opinion with regard to Chur,h
?merry was on record, and Mr. Oration was a nun who stood
Nit in Ireland as well as in E igland, 114 ever the Right lion.
Gentleman (Mr. Plunkett) had stood oe was likely to stand. Mr.
Org:ln la Church property was only a national property, to be
uypGeed of at the will and discretion of Parlia cent. re•
meet to all be (Mr. Hume) raid of the Board of First Fruits, It;
boo ervinion of the Irish Attorney-General to justify his statc-
Mr. PLVNRETT—I said I di I not know that my opinion was
co the table of the House.
Mr. HINE—I shall read his opinion. (The lion. Alember
Ise read it • and it was in substance as the lion. Member had
sated it.) Cries of " Hear, hear," from the Oispositioo side of the
flare.
Strengeze were then ordered to withdraw, when a division took
For the motion - 791 Against it . - 152
Majority against •
the Moduli, 73
The °the (-Wens of the Day were then disposed of, and the
House &dimmed at a quarter past Two o'clock.

NOTICFS OF MOTIONS THIS DAY.
Mr. Martin (of Galway)—To increase the Salaries annexed to
the titeat Officers of State, and to high judicial situations of the
country, so as to render them more ace pate to the labour and
importance of the duties to be discharged, and more worthy of the
justice and liberality of the nation.
ORDERS OF THE DAY.
Labourers Employment Rill—Second Reading.
Poor Regulation (Scotland) Bill--Second Reading.
Taupe Lunatic Dill--Coomsttitie.
Judges in Wales Bill—Ceresaluee.
Four per Cents. Acts—Committee thereupon.
Assize of Bread Bill— Second Reading.
Beer Duties Bill—Further consideration of Report.
Law Stamps Repeal Bill—Committee.
Growing Crops (Ireland) Bill—Second Reading.
Tithe Compositiort Act Amendment Bill—Committee.
Cutouts (koala and Linens) Rill—Report.
Clergy Residence (Ireland) Bill—Report.
Ways and Al cans—Committee.
Supply—Committee
Slave Trade Laws C.,

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JIAILS.
ARRIVED: I Hamburgh —1 French.

Vie StittOft WOO.

NEW THEATRE ROYAL. DRURY-LANE.
This Evening. FRIDAY. May 7. will to performed
ARTAXERXES.
Artaterxes, Madame Valois Arhares. Mr. Brahma : Art:thane*. Yr.
• R.on. Mandane, Miss Stephens: liendra, Miss Movey.
After whteh, DEAF AS A POST.
Tristram Sappy, Mr. Liston.
To emielude with
EOROASTER ; or, THE SPIRIT OF THE STAR.
Tamarrow. The Wintees Tale.

THEATRE RiTYAVOYENT-GARDE
Ibis Evening, FRIDA May 7. will be performed
C
The Duke Vivaldi, Mr. Abbott; Rolamo. Mr. Fawcett: Clan!, Min
M. Tree: Vesplos, Mo.. Love
After which. THE HUNTER OF THE ALPS.
Fella. Mr. Junes; koaalvl. Mr. T. P. Cooke ; J )tuo, Mr. Meadow&
Helena dl Itoenlvl, Mrs. Faucit
To conclude with
THE SPIRITS Or Tlir. MOON;
Or. THE INUNDATION OF THE NILE.
Tu-snorrow, Pride Shall Rave a Fall.

APOLLONICUN.
To-morrow. SATURDAY. 'Ray N, at Two refloat.
The following SELICTION will be performed by Dr. PURKIS.
on the APOLIAMICON, a Grand Musical Instrument.
Invented and Constructed try Yews. rtitalT and ROIiSoN. Organ
211OdETR, 101. St. Martin's-lAlle.
VMDIR Tai 1111111IDIATI PATS/OMAN& UV MIS IRAJEFTY.
PART I.
Overture, non Giovanni iiinzarti—Air, Huntsman. rest" I Mar-
MOAATI)—Air. " Oh. MR, not w..man'e heart is bought"
Noittakeri—Divertimeuto. Airs fruut Don Giovanni (Purklai.
PART 11.
Overture. Fanehon tent!. angnisce" (Carat%)
When th wind Mows" illiehogn—Air. Rendre Ifiewitull-
31areh and Chorus, Donna del Lago i
Admittance. Our shilling.
will be continued every Saturday

N.9.-Mr. Pinkies
dur:::e the Se.:oun.
The ineehanscal wnrens of the APOLLONICON are eahlbited daily
fro, One till Pour (except dot' hyt ths time of Mr. Purkia's attetodsewei
ete.utine Cherubim's celebrated Overture to Anuereott. and Mozart'•
..werture w s' LaClemesiza di Tito." in the e•teeutiuu of which It la
ulusvol to lunar,. a grandeur and variety of elect. with a preri•lon
and a deliewy of ex:rresaion superior to any other InUruntent in
For .ye. The Muaie arranged for and set on the Cylinder* by Mr.
khgt.t..nt•

Thefntrtsx PaEss commenced publishing yesterday morning
at five o'clock.

LONDON, FRIDAY, MAY 7, 152.1.

Mr. Hume, in along and very able speech, brought for-
ward his motion last night respecting the Church Esta-
blishment in Ireland. The Honourable Gentleman dwelt
strongly on the pernicious c u sequencei of pluralities,
which he considered likely to undermine the very establish-
mama connzeted with such an abuse. Ile contrasted, in
strong and forcible language, the rrc Ince of First Fruits in
Ire:and, amounting, With a church three times as rich as
that of England, to little more than 9001., while in this
country the amount of the same fund exce:ded 14,0001. The
Hon. Gent, cc ne!uded by moving, " That it was deemed
expedient to inquire whether the Churc't Establishment
of Ireland be net more than commensurat* to the services
performed, both as relating to the numbers employed and
to the income rec-ivisl. The motion nas opposed at great
length by the Hon. Mr. Stanley and by Mr. Dawstir.
From the lateness of the hour at which this important
debate closed, we cannot now allude to it further. On a
division takin:4 placo 4t two o'ccek, Mr. Hume's moticn
was negatived by a majori ti of seventy-three.

The alarming rumours, which have been some days in
circulation, respecting a large French force at Rio Janeiro,
will be totally dispelled by the di cisive explanation given,
in his place, ly Mr. Canning last night. The Right
Honourable Secretary rose early in the evening, and state !,
that in reference to the question put to him by Sir James
Mackintosh, an evening or two since, he thought it but
right to state, that although he had himself no apprehensicn
in ti e subject, yet, in order to satisfy the public mind, be
(Mr. Canning) had made the nevasary inquiries, and had
then to state, that the destination of the French force in
question had been fully accounted for to him by Prince
Polignae, the French Ambassador. The Right Honourable

gentleman added, that the French r.aval force at RioJantiro
only consisted of two ships, in place of eight, and that we
now bad in that quarter a sufficient number of vessels to
protect our increasing commerce, although they arc placed
there not from the slightest apprehension of hostility or
danger. Mr. Canning, in conclusicn, said, it might be
proper for him to state that we bad, at this moment, a force
in every quarter more than an overmatch for any number
of ships at any foreign stations. This declaration from the
Minister produced the strongest impression in the House.
;rd was received with loud and general cheers. Its effect
throughout the country will, we are sure, be fully com-
mensurate. Thus perish all the dark forebodings and
alarms that for the past week have circulated in every pos-
sible shape, respecting the designs of France on the Brazils.
Mr. Canning, with the frankness tux' attention to public
feelings that have marked his administration since be
entered on his present high office, took immediate mea-
sures to ascertain the truth of these agitating reports, and
communicated the satisfactory result of his inquiries from
his place in Parliament to the nation. It thus appears
that France has no such force as was anticipated, at the
Brazils, and that Great Britain has at this moment a power
lin every quarter ready to strike, if a single hostile demon-
stration should be made, and securing peace by our ability
for war. We were ourselves persuaded that the French
nistry would not, by any such attempt, risk a destructive
contest with this country—a contest which would be fol-
! lowed by the annihilation of their navy, the ruin of their
commerce, and the lust of every colony France now pos-
I sesses in .America and Asia. The Journal des Debuts of
Tuesday states, that the most absurd reports were circu-
I lilted in London respecting the French force at the Brazils :
I this force, the Paris journal asserts, is composed of only
five vessels ; the Jean Bart of 74 guns, the frigate la Ma-
gicienne, a corvette, and two brigs. It may be (tltis paper
adds) that two frigates which were despatched to the South
I Seas, to rethee the Amazoue and Clot inde, on their pas-
sage, touched for a moment at Rio Janeiro ; and that La

Thetis, which was destined for China and the Indian
Seas, L'Astree, which returns to France, and was re-
placed at Brazil by the Jean Bart and La Circe, which
took out M. de Gestu, and which returns to France,
may have appeared together for a few days in the wa-
ters of Brazil; and thence, adds the Journal des Debuts,
1" all this trash of a fiezt that never existed." "We repeat

it (this Paper concludes by saying), we have only
.fire
vessels on the coast of Brazil, and they are not too many
to protect our trade and our countrymen on coasts infested
by privateers and pirates, and on which internal revolu-
tions threaten daily the property and lives of his Majesty's
subjects." All this may be very trite ; but such a force
u thirteen ships of war united at Rio together, looked more
than suspicious, and their appearance at the Brazils, just
at such a peried, still looks doubtful and strange. Ilow-
mer, the French Government will now see that the eye of
this country is watchfully directed to all their movements,
and the decision of our Minister will be convincing as to
the sentiments of the British Cabinet. If Frame has
been endeavouring to feel her way in the New World,
and been meditating any ambitious attempts, they will
not he further urged in defiance of the power of this
country, whose eyes are open to them. As to the arrival
of three French ships, so alarmingly announced in a
respectable Evening Paper of yesterday, even tkough
true, we see nothing dangerous in the occurrence. The
French have just the same right to enter the Tagus
that we have; nor does it follow, because these ships may
have arrived off' Lisbon, that therefore any designs are
entertained by France against Brazil. It is altogether a
non sevsitur. The liberty of the New World will not be
disturbed at present, we are persuaded, by the French
Cabinet : all the views of M. de Villele, who is at it.: bead,
are financial and pacific; and that Minister is now occu-
pit d with the most important arrangements respecting the
national debt of that great country—an employment of suf-
ficient magnitude to occupy all his attention.

The latest accounts from Mexico, to the 18th of Fe-
bruary,
represent the state of things as much more tranquil 1
throughout that great country. There had been a tumult,
it appears, in the city of Mexico early in February, occa-
sioned by another revolt of the soldiery, who appeared in
arms against the Congress, and called for the immediate
expulsion from office of all old Spaniards ; but the Repre-
sentatives of Mexico, greatly to their credit, remained
firm amid the revolt, and resisted the demands of the
mutineers, who were soon suppressed, and twenty-five of
their officers arrested and condemned to death. The Con-
gress, however, with the moderation that has all through
the it arduous career distinguished them, had the sentences
o: these men afterwards commuted into perpetual exile
from the shores of Mexico ; and the remnant of the muti-
neers were disbanded and dispersed throughout the pro-
vinces. Everything subsequently was perfectly tranquil,
and business in consequence increasing. Accounts from
Alvarado, dated late in February, state, that a constant
f ring of cannon and bombs was kept up during the nights
of the 18th and 19th of February, between the Castle of
St. Jean D'Ulloa and the neighbouring town of Vera Cru7.
This destructive warfare can do nothing for the Spanish
cause ; Mexico is now beyond the power of Spain for ever.
From the calculations made by the great Humboldt more
than twenty years since, r has given us the fullest and
most authentic accounts of New Spain, the population of
that country, including Guatimala, may be fairly taken at I
ten millions. Of this mixed population, consisting of Euro-
pean Spaniards, Creole Whitea, mixed Castes, and Indians..
the propottion of Spaniards was calculated by Humboldt
to be about one in seventy of the great mass of inhabitants ;
and in 1821, from the cessation for years of any intercourse
with Old Spain, they were supposed not to exceed one in
every hundred. The highest offices in the civil depart-
' ments of Government, in the Law, and the Church, were
generally filled by this class. The native Indians are still
the most numerous of the different classes that compose the
Mexican nation, and are estimated to amount to three-
' sevenths of the whole. They reside chiefly in towns and
I villages throughout the country, where the laws and regu-
' lations of the Government are enforced by their native

Magistrates or Caciques, who sprak the Spanish language,
and on whom, jointly with the priest attached to :their mis-
sion, they depend. They are naturally indolent, from con-
stitution and the climate, and are principally employed in
agriculture, but scarcely producing more than they con-
sume. Such is the amazing fertility of this fine country,
that in the vicinity of the city of Guanazuato, the immense

plains, with a singleimperfect ploughing, without manure,
and assisted, only by an irrigation, which, in the rainy
season, is easily directed, constantly bear a produce in
wheat, of fifty for one, and often upwards of eighty. In
maize, the chief food of the Indians, the increase is infi-
nitely greater, and varies from one hundred to three
hundred for one, and the harvest of a single year
constantly supplied the demands of two. In the lower
land more sultry regions of Mexico, extending from
the foot of the Table-land to the sea, the demand
for labour is still less. Ilomboldt asserts, that a spot of

100 metres (not the tenth of an acre) will yield annuallr
more than two thousand kilograms of nutritious food.
This great traveller further states, than an at pent of land,
or about an acre and a quarter, cultivated with bananas of
the largest species, is capable of maintaining fifty indi-
viduals for a year. To many the manioc supplies constant
food ; and the abundance of spontaneous fruits, such la
the prickly pear, and those which rtquire little cultivation,
such as the potato, are Loth to great, that the means of
certain subsistence arc within the reach of all the inhabi-1
tants, with scarcely any labour. This easy acquisition of',
food, and the absence of all desire for further comforts ofi
any sort, with the indolence peculiar to the climate, kept
the inhabitants in that state of degradation End subjection
in which they were fettered by Spanish tyranny for centu-
ries. The condition of the Mexicana generally will be
ameliorated, as the country becomes settled and the
national Government attains strength : hitherto the ab-
sence of all settled :nstitutions has prevented any attention
being given to the situation of the great majority of the
people. The moat valuable of the agricultural commodi-
ties of Mexico, and one exclusively produced there, was
the cochineal insect: it was raised only in the district of
Misteca, in the province of Oaxaca, wholly by the labour
of the Indian inhabitants. These insects draw their sub-
sistence from a particular species of the nopal, one of the
cactus tribe of plants. The task of rearing, protecting,
and preparing them for exportation, was well suited to the
indolence of the natives, in the intensely hot climate pro-'
(ieing them. The annual amount'of the cochineal ex-
ported, when highest, was calculated at about 500,0001.
In latter years it had diminished considerably, from the
agitated state of the country, and the Indians having
devoted their labour to other purse *., Humboldt states,
that the principal sources of the wealth of Mexico are by no
means the mines, but an agriculture which has gradually
been improving since the close of the last century. But
impediments of the heaviest kind still oppose the progress
of agriculture and domestic communication throughout
Mexico. The want of roads and canals, and the restric-
tions of the comer despotic government of Spain, were
severely felt ; the country is so vast—the roads, when
existing, so bad, and many of them over barren districts,
supplying no resources whatever. Thus no vent was given
for the disposal of any surplus produce, and the progress
of agriculture was proportionably limited. The mines of
Mexico had been latterly abandoned, and inundation has
been the consequence of this desertion; they cannot be
worked again until the water Is discharged : this the com-
pany established in this country may accomplish, but the
Mexicans had neither the machines fitted for such a task nor
the capital to procure them. From these causes, and the
troubled state of the country, the produce of these mines,
even when worked in late years, had greatly diminished.
The celebrated vein of Guanaxuato produced in 1818 only
150,000 mares of silver and 400 of gold, though its pro-
duce, eight years before, in 1810, exceeded that of all the
mines of Peru together, amounting to 600,000 mares of
silver, and 2,000 of gold. In the mint of Mexico in 1821,
six millions of dollars only were coined, where, in 1810,
from twenty-five to twenty-eight millions had issued from
that mint. This, however, the spirit of our capitalists,
with a protecting government in Mexico, will soon change.
All the late accounts from the interior of that great coun-
try, we arc happy to say, are satisfactory. rie oath of
fidelity to the new republic was cheerfully and generally
taken, and the inhabitants appeared to be content with the
existing government. An arrangement it is said was ef-
fected, by which the numerous provinces were to have dis-
tinct governments, the whole united in a confederacy, on the
plan of the United States. Some of the provinces had al-
ready jirined in this union, and established their local go-
vernments. In the sitting of the Mexican Congress, on the
nth of February, a petition was read from the Congress of
Oajaca, praying that Govemn3ent might prosecute, with all
possible expedition, the negociations entered into with this
country. On the 17th of February the Congress approved
the report of the Committee of Foreign Relations, relative
to the appointment of Pablo de la Llave, as Minister l'leni-
potentiary to Great Britain. We trust complete tranquil-
lity will soon settle over the entire of Mexico, and that our
relations with that great and rising country will he close
and uninterrupted. Such an intercourse will be equally
advantageous to Mexico and to Great Britain, both in a
commercial and a political view.