The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1804-05-09 00:00:00

BREAD.

_ .
The Committee of the House of Commons to whom the Pe-
tition of the Master, Wardens, and Assidaliti, of the Com-
pany- of Bakers, of the City of London, and of the 'frail,-
at large, t ,e said City and the Liberties thereof,
and within the W.-eklv Bills of Mortillie, and within
Ten Miles of the Royal Exchange, was referred;-.Have,
pursuant to the Order of the House, examined the M Ater
of the said Petition: to prove the Allegations whcresif,
Mr. Joseph Were, Mister of the Bakers' Company, being
examined, was asked—What are the present prices of yeast,
of wood, of .'andles, and salt? He said, that 2s. 7,1. per gallon
is the price of yeast; that the first price of wood is 11. per
himilred spokes; that the price of candles is 12s. per dream
poonds; salt SI. 134. per seek, coitainiug four bushels. And
being asked, the present amount of journeymen's wages? he
and, it is 11. 2s. per week, which include, their bread, beer,
arid lorigieg.-.And being asked, what is the ex unto.; of
making told tiaLing a sick of linor into bread he said, Bs. 9,id.
and that the baker's ptoht on the sack is 3s it being
a-Ited, what is the average quantity of Pour bait: d by a baker
per week? he said, twelve sack.--And being asked, the price
of salt aftm the new duty took pace? he said, fifty three
shillings per sack.—And being asked, what quantity of salt is
used iii the biking of a rail of flow ? he said, five pounds ;
aid that a blithe' weighs fifty-six pounds.—. And being asked,
when the rise of yeast took plate? lie said, within these two
years, he believed.-ssAml being asked, if lie had given that
Price regularly sine-that time? he said, yes; and sometimes
more.—And twig asked, when slid the journeymen raise their
wages ? he said, that they had been increasing for these four
or five years last past ; and had been at 11. 2, per week, for
these three years.—And being asked, what they were in 1797 ?
he said, fourteen sllllllngs, and in 1799, sixteen shillic.gs.—
And being asked, how many loaves he made of a sack ref flow ?
he said, ighty guertern loaves; and that a sack will not make
more.—Then,

Mr. Thomas Loveland, one of the Assistants of the Rakers
Cowan'', being examined, was asked—lf he paid the journey.
men by thed iv, week, or sack ? he ea.d, by the week, Meg.
roahly ; that the Rakers paid them Si) much per week. and
Pattie boarded them. And toeing asked, what he pant them
per week ? he said, come Rakers pay more, and some less; he
paid 'tic foreman 19s per week in money, and found him in
bread, flour, lodging, candles, an•t ether title necessaries,
which he stated to be as much a• et. per week; his seeood
hand he paid Its. per week, with the like allowances as the
foreman, *high two, upon a caloseilation. stand him in full 225.
a week each ; the other he has C. an apprentic-, h: has only
nor rear of Ins ti tie to servo, and him he bards entirely, and
finds. It m In deaths, besides pocket money, and he should
suppose he not stand him in fifteen shillings per week.—And
being asked, if two journeymen and an apprentice were notcae
pable of inenufe3unnglllo,C than twelve sacks of flour iii the
week? he said, Yes; they might manufafture sixteen or
eighteen sacks Ina week. And being asked, if it was the prac.
tree In the baking t •ade to give premiums with apprentices ? he
said la Me the contrary ; and that they are ohlig•d to find them
its cloatin as wee as board and lodging , he would wish to
stele, lie is now employed by Sir Brook Watson to hireßakers for
the camps, to whom he pays one shilling a•da) till such time
as they are send off to work, and then one guinea a week,
together with bread and lodging ; and when discharged, they
are to receive a guinea over and above.—And being asked,
if the price of wages was the same last year as at prevent ? he
said, he thought nearly so; it has been advancing for these three
or four scan part; they can hardly g •t own to work at any price.
—Arid being asked, had it used to be the practice formerly for
eourneymen to board in the House? he said, it had.—And
being asked, eines what time has that iractice been obsconti.
need! he so- I, the ere der .art within these seven or eight
ears... And being asked, if be apprehended that in 1797, the
gr .tee part of the masters bearded their men ? he said, he
►hand siiiiisnwi they 411...iiknid brie-g asked, if lie knew what
di:f •r once of wages there is ,tetween those who board their men
aed those who d a not? he eairl, when lie boarded his men; he
pee his feeerneni seven shillings a we:•k in money; his other
ma's five shillings a week ; and he del net know what difference
is now made.—And being asked, if h, considered the trade to
give no more ? he 11,10, he considered his price to have been
the first w ices : and he produced a statement of the expense of
snantifeetnrt g twelve sacks of flour into bread in each yea%
from 179 e to 1;04; winch is hereunto aniniexese—And being
asked, if h need coals for heating his oven ?. he said, yes, he
did, and that there is very little difference in price bemire"
heating with easels or wood —And being asked, what peppers
Con of cheap bakers there are to the regular traders? he mid,
let could not tell. It appearing by the statement, that the
price of weed in 1797 was 14s. the one hundred spokes, and
tis ISO 4 one potted the 100 spokes ;
A member present infented your Committee, That, in the
ea:tem pars of B vt:vliire, from which London is in a greet
part supplied with beech wood, the tin❑reescd price us that part,
(tithe country being only 19 and ant hail per cent
Then Mr. Loveland, being further exainin•d, was asked,
to what such an extreordinere increase in London is to ba gig'
trawled ? he said, he co ild hot state that ; it was undenteod
to be by the wool getrong mercer every year.--And being
s.sked, what he took to be the amount of the baking: of meat
arid other things ter week of a. {raker who bakos twelve sacks
of flour per week? he said, they had a great number of bad
debts, and they took the takings as a ',mod' for there in a
veer; ant they di, eot emotion Ps the slim the baker loses by
bail detest ... end heing asked, what he calculated the ant runt
of the bad debts of a baker who consumes twelve sacks of flour
in a week ? he eau!. he could not tell.—. And being awl
*eked, what is the weekly a immit of the biking: of meat and
ether thins*, a baker who bakes twelve seeks of hour pier
week ? he ►aid, that varies sir much in the situation of a baker,
that he could net speak to a certainty, but the asjortv of such
lakinge will not crime tu eight shillings a week.—And being
asked, if bad debts would exceed eight shillings per week ? he
said, he thought they weeld.—And being asked, at what fats`
he charged the takings above•inentioa,d? he see!, the greater
pant of them one pettily, and LIMe of them throe halfpence.—
And being asked, if there had not been a rive lately? he said,
some of the bakers had re to them ; lie had nee—Anol being
asked, if he was prevemed by any regulation or statute ? he
mid, he was not; but he con, civet it wend he a great aecmtt-
nn•riiatiou to the poor to !lave their vicitials baked for one
pennv.--.And being asked, what allowance bakers make to
etiandlers shops who sell bread ? Inn, >eel, some make more,
senne lest ; he gave Is. ed. in the ',oiled —And be one asked,
if this application to Parliament for an increase of allowance
um the aft of the whole trade colleCtHoly within ten miles of
tine Royal Exchange? he said, yes.—Tlien,
Mr. Rabat Fortescue, late a bake in Hidiaort, been exa
mined, said, he supplied the worehouse of St. Andrew, 11.1.
burn, at is. lids in the itowid, and was paid quarterly—And
being skirl, how long he had been a bake ! ha said, since the
...sir 17% And being asked, what was the average rent of a
Walsers house in 1797, such as bakers generally inhabit? Inv-
...id 401. exclusive of taxes—And being asked, how much is
the average rent at present ; Inc raid 601 —.Then,
Mr. James Johnson, a Iteker in the Streriol, being exa-
mined, said—lie supplied the Vi'orkivouse of St. Clement
I)anes Parish, at an elloweirce of ouc shilling in the pound....

Theo.
Mr. Andrew Wright, one of the Aisittints of the Rikere
Company, booty examined, sad, he supplied the Workhouse
of Saint rides, Ciipplegate, at an allowanee .qic shilling in
th" Poln, now, and less when bread was de
Mr Loveland being again e:<aniiiied, wa• -d, what was
the average amunt of the Christmas buses given by a baker,
who wen twelve sacks of flour per week, before Christmas-
boxes were discontinued I lie said, about 101. ; that is now
totally discontinued by him, but he did Out believe it was us&
so it is dune underhand there are sante few wk. do
it by way of getting envious And twine asked, if hake,* dad
tint in general employ rhea joii-nevinen gold their evens in
baking fulls aud Clam breed, bes.fes the muse brad he
must of them do, but in a very small way ; he dad very little
in that 1114 V, and he gained veto little mere by it than if it was
all anise bread.-. And being asked, if he did not fix his own
price on Pane, bread ; he said, he &A —And being asked,
what proportion fancy bread bore to the e=ize bread he baked
in a day he said, not more than min bushcl in twelve, and
that varies much according to the seasons of the year -.A.,c1
being asked, did he counder the f,llll of 21 es. as a suns re•

qui<ite to be expe:ickd in labour fur the purrroe tot* Mf,nufiwto.
ring twelve Peeks of flour intolwrisPlW sai ihit if a natter
worked himself, it might he done with one journeymen and
an apprentice ; hut if the master shit rent work hinis,if, two
men most las employed to do tli:A work—And being inked,
what is the weight ..f fancy bond in proportion to the weight
of assizs bread lie acid, he li.ked little of fancy bread; lie
gave the same weight of dough fur fancy bread as for assize
bread; that the email quantity he bak,il of fa:icy bread was Sot
an ALUM to him to weigh; that it might be (moor five onisene
less than the other; Inc believed that where they have a great
trade for it, they make it leas.—And being asked, when the
same quantity of dough is made up into quartern loav‘ss, and
into fancy bread, if that which is made into fame bread doss
no, lose a much greater proportion of wcieln in baking, than
that which is roads up into quartern loaves? he said, certainly;
the fancy bread ifellCS double what the other does in the baking.
And being asked, if fancy bread was not included in the ave-
:age consumption of twelve sacks of flour per week ! he said,
it was.—Then,
Mr. Richard Satchel', brewer, being examined, was asked
what was the price he sold yeast to the baker ? he said, 2., 6d.
per elitism—Ant being asked, if the measuring man did not
receive lid per gallon in addition! he said, he dud.—Aid be-
ing ssket w' at was the average price of yeast iu 1797 ?he said,
he did not recol
Mr. Joseph Xi Jinni'. 'newer, being examined, was asked,
what was the average price of yeast in 1797 ? he said, from the
Ist ofJanuary to the 7th of Match, they sold it at 2s. per gal-
lon; front the 17th of March to the 15th of July, ls. 611. per
gallon ; from the 15th of July to the t?011i, 2a per gallon ;
from the 20th July to 16th of August, 2s. 6.1. per gallon ;
from 26th August to 26th Septimber, 2s per gallon; from
26th September to 31st December, Is. 6d per gallon; mak-
ing, on the average of that year, I. lnd. per gallon—And
being asked, if he could account for the very great and quick
variation in the prices of yeast in that year? lie said, owing to
the difference between very hot and very cold weather; they
made more yeas' from the beer in warns weather than 111 C• 111
weather.—And being asked, what was the price of yeast in
1805? he said, 2a. 2J. per gallon ; in 1602 it was '2s. sd; at
the present time it is 2s. 6d...-And being asked, if he knew of
any existing cause why the price of yeast iii the .present year
should be higher than it was in 1797 ? he said, tic did nut ;
the irises of yeast which he had given did not Melnik the 11d.
given to the measuring man per gallon, which is the usual
common custom —And being asked, if a gallon of yeast in hid
weather remains as much real yeast as in cold weather? he
said, nearly the same.—And being asked, if there was the
same quantity of pure era-t in a gallon when dear, as when it
was cheap ? he said, There was not.—Then,

Mr. George Farr, clerk to Mr. Petienck, a dealer in wood,
being examined, was asked.--At what price per hundred spokes
he sold wood to the biker? he said, 11.—And being asked how
long that had been the price' he said, about six months...-.
And being asked, what was the price previous to that he said,
193.—And being asked, it the price continued the same the
whole of the year! he said, Yea.— And being asked what it was
in 1797 ? lie said, he could not tell ; that in 1798 it was 15s.
that was the only price that year tieing asked, what
it was in 1812 ! he said, 185..-e And being :.skid, at what price
he sold faggots? he said, 11. gs per hundred —And being ask.
ed, if there are not dealers in 'mikes who sell the n at a lower
price? lie said, there are; some at 17s. per hundred ....Ino
being asked, horn whence arises the ditf retize ? hr said, the
gmerne spokes that come from the country are part of them
split iu two —.lnd being a ked, from what part of the country
Mr P.merick bought his woe!' he said from B.rkshire. And
being asked, to what is the late increase in the price of wood to
be attributed ? lie said, to its acaraity —Arid asked, who
are the persons who simply bakers with wood ? he said, wood
merchants; they are different from timber merchants; woad
merchants generally deal in coals and flour.—And being anted,
if the us! of coals in heating ovens had reduced the demand fur
wool he said, lie dad not discover rt had.—Then,
Mr. Edward Grose Smith, clerk to the Rakers Company,
being examined, said, that he had been at Tallow chandler.'
Ulall, and had procur:d the (unwiring rates of the prices of
candle. by the d izen pounds, viz. in 1797, 105.84. the highest;
10s. 44.—Ins and for one month, they wr re 9s. 8,1. le Int 3,
11.. 6d —mei 12.. lit 1804, 12s. FA. and 121..—And that from
en account which had been received (min Mr. Joyce, a tallow
chandler, in Essex.street, in the Strand, of the price of candles
in 1801, it appeared to hare been 1 15.....124..and 100. Out, per
dozen pounds...-Then,
Mr Edward Gayler, journeyman to Mr. Ansel!, baker at
Ratcliffe-cross, being examined, was asked—What wages he
received in 1797! he said Vo. a week, with Mead, b vr, and
lodging, and a Sunday dinner.—And being asked, what +ism
in 1804' he said, nineteen shillings per wi ek, with bead, beer,
and lodging.—And being asked, what% ages in 1809 he •aid, 161.
per week, with bread, beer, and Sunday dinner; he had been
a journeyman ten years —And being asked, if in 1797 ne was
in the same class of journeymen that he is now ? he said, No,
he had then a second hand place ; he is now a foreman:. he
did net know what were the wages for a foreman in 179;. TI e
wages of a second-hand tan now, oar the average, is 175. per
week, with brezd, beer, and lodging.—Then,
Mr. Richard '(enables being examined, was asked—lf he
was a baker's foreman in 1797'• he said, he was; that he then
received 116 s. per week wag..,, with bread and beer, and I.4g-
ing ; no Sunday dinner ; that he is a foreman at prevent ; that
he receivas 19s. a week wages, with bread and small beer, and
a pint of strong beer per day.—Then,
Mr. John Myers, servant to Mr. Ansell, baker, was asked,
If he was a second-hand mail in 1797' lie said, he was ; that
he then received 1:n. per week wages, with bread, beer and
lodging; that he is a secorid-liatnl man now, and receives 17s.
a week wave, with bread, beer, and lodging.--And being
asked, How long he had received that increase of wages! he
said, about two years and four ninutlo. Aid being asked, If
that was a genera increase in the trades he said, he believed It
was fOr the generality of the men.
To the above report is airrizxed a talde of calculations of the
expence of inanufacturieg flour inn bread, compared from
1797 to 1804, which leave a clear profit to the baker, per sack:
a. d.
In the year 1797 . . 5 71
1798 . . 5 41
1799 . . 4 21
1800 . . 4 0
1802 . . 3 111
1803
181)4 41

An Acco•mt of the Qoani.,.. eamied C01111M4,1 from
Ing;aiiil to Scotland, and from Scotland to Engl. al, ht six
Years, ending, sth January 1604.
From
I Scotland to England.

1801.-
1502......

From
Ind to Scotland.

Qultliiii iitlll4cis. Qaaters. lithliels.
295 4 15 0
2,904 2 540 0
2,975 1 84 0
1,917 0 44 6
9,417 6 88 2
877 0 990 0

A few days ago was slaughtered by Mr. JOHN
lies' EW of Hereford, the famous Herefordshire Ox,
which has so much engrossed the conversation of
the breeders of oxen (drawings of which have been
taken by a celebrated artist, of Shrewsbury); the
above ox was bred and fed by Mr. Twin Ex, of
Aymstry, he was seven years old when slaughtered;
the following is a correct statement of his weight.
Wolfe ib.
First forequarter 28 U
Second ditto 27 C,
First hind quarter U
Second ditto 20 14

Cake of fat
11,de .m.

97 0
- 14 1
8 10

Total 117 11

Iondon: Printed by J. BLACK, No. 2, Goldsmith's-court, Great New-street, and published by W. Ws
the Editor, received at the Office, and by the following Booksellers: Messrs. BA 'AEA and SON, Great Ru
street; Mr H•TCI4 AID, No. 190, Piccaeilly Mr. BAR* v, Bridge-street, Westminster; Messrs. Muer
Po. 315, Holborn ;Mr. J. Asesssr, Cornhill ; Mr. FAIRIVIIIS, Minoriss ; I. and J. HARDY, No. 114,
0 e principal Booksellers in the UNI rr o li I N cow.. 4.