The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1819-10-13 00:00:00

• 7-----""----
11kMBURGII MAIL.

• rroctuom, strrsxa►a 28.
The Cato:owing iv the substance of the Convention Con-
cluded hetween Norway and 'knout/hi—
_

Act I. Fixes the Norwegian part uf.the common debt at a
round sum of three millions rix dollars Damblirgh bane°,
with 4 per cent eisnal interest.
Act 11. Stimitales that dick three millions shall be paid
in ten equal annual payment., beginning with the Ist of
July, lON, and ending with the tat July, 1T.29.
Act 111. The interest shall be reckoned from the Ist Jas
unary, 1820. The 80,000 dollars, which are the amount of
the interest from thst day till the Ist July, Asto, shall be
paid in two equal payments, namely, the 'first 'half, or
20,000 dollars. on the Ist July, 1820, and the secind.half un
the IstJ,ply, 1821.
Act IV. From the Ist of July, 1820, the interest shall be
paid quarterly.
Act V. Obliges the King of Norway to ramie a bond for
200.000 'ix dollars, payable on the Ist of July, to be issued
by his Norwegian depatinsent of the finances, after the ex-
changes of the ratifications, and to bind the Storthing, which
rs to assemble un the Ist of February, 1821, to sanction the
i.glIP of the bonds for the remaining paymeat.
Act Vt. to VIII. Stipulates the giving up of the Archives,
Maps, in.
Art IX. Mutual adjustment of all lands of claims, which
nay originate in the old union between Norway and Ven-
n:wt.
Act X. Exchange of the ratifications within TO days.
A Separate article stipuhites the delivery of the bonds into
the haunts of the Minister of the mediating Power at Stock-
holm.
Declaration of the Danish Pkaiputentiary—Renunciation
by his Majesty the King of Denmark of the use of the
l'•:..rw4lan lion in the antis; in this respect it is stipulated
,s follows :—The Danish lEunaichy is 'Europe ceases ill use
the 'mt.'. m before the Ist January next year, the scents and
Hite. s utthiu a year, and the Danish Culunies within two
_ .

The counter declaration of the Norwegian Pleaipriten.
t:arlea accodes to the above periods.—(lasabarga Corres-
ptndent, October )

nvaittnnuitc, glefeatft 1.
The following is, the sentence which was issued on the
tZsth Septeftber by the Committee of Inquiry on the Candi-
date K,rnssun, who was confined five wecka in a small room :
In the iminiry instituted against the Candidate Riemaun,
Doitsenberg, accused of having participated in the de.
mocratical intrigues in German),-the Committee of Inquiry,
ordered by the Grand Duke, hereby decides conformably to
the Infurmalorie of the Grand Lhical Chancery of Justice—
" That though from the inquiry hitherto carried on, ripe-
r .111) from the letters of the prisoner, whirh have been se-
.:.,ectratedand sent in, expressions and opinions which can-
rot be approved respecting existing inctitstions, and the
4, meliuration of supposed defects of the political constitio-
t,ous of Gordousy, and equally blameable sentiments re-
spetting several persons mentioned by imme, are evident;
'jet these opinions, &c. are by no means qualified for legal
punishment, since the letters und papers., containing sue►
unbecoming expressions, were not designed to be made poi,.
1..% and MO Ole was otherwise made Of them detrimental to
public good: ■ad because further, tVota the inquiry which
has. been iustitated, a suspicion that the prisoner, the said
Candidate Rirenaon, might be concerned in an association
s'ir.tig at *overthrow of exiling political institutions or
common objects, is not confirmed—therefore a judicial
proceeding solicit him cannot take place, and he is to be im-
r:ediate ly discharged from his arrest.
(Sigurd) " F. FRANKE.
_

Schwerin, September 25, 1819.7
M. Itarniann has publicly declared, on the 281 b Scptem-
fur, that as the Court, in his view of the case, has to judge
~f his active's, and not sr his opinions, he shall lake legal
'means to uttain the sentence in a form satisfactory to him-
self. air at least to be informed whether he is mistaken.
The eenteuee is lite case of the candidate Franke is in the
same tows as the preceding.

THE BRITISH PRESS.

R ,~

~'~c

LONDON.
WEDNESDAY. .oeiroaut, 13, ►Blg.

A Proclamation was published in last night's
Gazette. summoning Parliament to meet for the
dispatch of business on Tuesday, the 9.3 d of No-
weLaber. This is the first year since the general
peace is► which it has been deeined ntvessaty by the
,misters to convene Parliament before Christmas,
and no doubt can be entertained that the object
row contemplated by the Administration is the
liimediete enactment of cirte;is legislative
prosi-
J•,s against the holding of "seditious meetings,"
nil the publication of al blasphemous and sedi-
tious works." Of the necessity bf such measures,
it is for Parliament in its wisdom tO deterthine;
tint without bens ungenerously ■od uncandidly
r lamed among thine b who secretly wish, or openly
promote, the success of the radical reformers,"
wr may he permitted to express an apprehension
in the anklet), ef Parliament to prevent " se-

thi.olis meetings." and the publication of " blas-
pl:enaus and seditious works," the right of the
people to meet iu public for the discussion of
gi 'evinces be affected, and the freedom of diecus-
sion he injuriously limited. There is no popular
privilege which is not liable, from its nature, to
simile; human wisdom has hitherto been found un-,
equal to the talc of separating the good from its
attendant evil,. sled 'stashed when the blessings
had far outweighed the injuries, would not venture
to attack the one, lest die others might fall the
victims of the injudicious pursuit of 'an ideal per-
tecrsou. The best notion of liberty seems to be
that wibich impose*, by said,Slimy the feweet re-
arsiate ofy
• ~:rwigPtd•salstsat.lll**". Wdt

victual subsequently responsible for the manner in
which he has employed his liberty. This seems
from the earliest ogee to have been the principle
of the common law of England. and shews iu this
point of view a happy contrast to the law Of
France and of every other mouarchy in Europe;
• for while in the Contitientul States, wherever the
positive law is silent, every thing is presumed in
frivosa of the prerogative of the Croln—in Eng-
land, on the contrary, wherever positive law is si-
twit, every thing is presumed against the lamp-
tire, and in favour of the subject's liberty. nem
freedom extends so far as it is warranted by the
terms of the law ; here it mita& to every thing
which is not prohibited. There laws are required
to cis/urge the privileges of the people; here laws
are enacted to restrain them. In other monarchies,
if the existing laws touching the rights of the Sub-
ject were suddenly repealed, a ;sore despotism
would be established ; but if the same event were
to take place in England, freedom would appear
in its simplest condition. By three observations,
however, we would by no means be understood as
sanctioning the wild notion that liberty existed in
this country in early ages in a purer form then at
the present moment ; we speak only of the prin-
ciple of the common law, which, however orloii
rattle in its nature, was unable to 'contend against
the positive prerogatives of the Crown, and the
great authority assumed by the Monarch, until by
the happy establiilimeht of our present institution',
and, above all, the annual meeting of Parliament,
the law was enabled to express itself with the an.
thority that ought to belong to it.
ll'e are told, however, that every man in the
kingdom, not in his heart • radical reformer,
must feel convinced that some additional safeguards
to the constitution are imperiously called for.
Against what danger is it necessary to guard ?
Public meetings ? A public meeting is dangerous
only as it leads to tumult and open violence, and
can it be said that the military power intrusted to
the Ministers is not sufficient to prevent this danger,
or that the existing laws are not sufficiently strong
to punish the offenders ? What laws can be more
energetic, or hold out greater terrors to the radical
reformers than those which, on the authority of
the Magistrates of Manchester and the Ministers of
the Crown, detiounre military vengeance against
all who meet in public, and should the sword of
the soldier fail iii its execution, pounce upon them
with the horrors of the gallows ! If such laws do
not satisfy the Minister., we can hardly imagine any
legislative device by which they will he enabled to
express their fears and provide for their safely.
With respect to libellous publications, we know
not, without a marked deviation from the principles
of law, by what means a greater restraint can be
imposed tenon such publications than exists at
present. Our laws do not recognise the eight of
imposing a previous censorship on the press, nor
can any new laws define a libel with greater strict-
ness or severity than our books have already dune.
Every man is entitled to publish whatever lie pleases,
but he acts upmi his own responsibility, and under
the terrors of severe penalty. resting iii the discretion
of the Court, should lie be found guilty by a Jury
of lairs countrymen. IVe know not by what means
additional force can be given to the existing law
of libel ; we repeat our fears, that if any such
project be attempted, in the vain hope of im-
ploring that which is already as perfect as human
wisdom can make it, Ole excellencies of our
',stem will be sacrificed to the pretence of era-
dicatiiig the evils; the flowers will be plucked
up with the weed*. %Who that can wader/48ml the
n:sture of arbitrary power and of liberty, could
ever hope to reconcile principles of government so
conflicting ? and yet this must be the object of
those who would strive by law to prevent every
aberration of freedom, while they affect to main-
tain its purity. Such an object can never be at-
tained, and the attempt cannot fail of being at-
tended with the most serious and alarming conse-
quences.

The trial of Mr. CARL( LE, the bookseller, for
the publication of "Paine's Age of Reason," com-
menced at Guildhall yesterday rimming at an
early hour, before Chief Justice Nanorr and a
Special Jury. The Court sat to the advanced hour
of ten at night, when the further hearing was
adjourned until this morning. Mr. CABLILS li-
mited his defence yesterday, for the greater part,
to reading the entire work, which is charged as
libellous and blasphemous, with Occasional but brief
comments upon it. He, however, has intimated
his intention of adducing evidence and matter in
justification this day, and hinted that he should
probably occupy the attention of the Court until
Saturday.

The German Papers. brought by the Newburgh
Mail. contain the substance of the Convention be-
tween Norway and Denmark. and the sentence on
the Candidate KLEM•Mtr, of Boitienberg, accused
of having participated in the democriitic intrigues
in Germany.

Paris Papers of Saturday last have arrived
at our office. They contain some extracts from
Spanish papers and fetters, by which we learn
that the result of the dispatches brought by the
Hornet from the United States of America, is
awaited in Madrid with the utmost impatience.
The Berea appeared riff Cadiz, but being up.
• , ..; - j:.* • ••

prised of the prevalence of the yellow fever there,
it proceeded to Malaga, whence the American
Captain was to convey his dispatches to the Minister
of the United States at Madrid. The hesitation
hitherto rep r dby the King of SPitx to ratify
the Treaty for the cession of the Florides, is now
said to arise from a determination on the pelt of
his Majesty to obtain from the United States an
engagement not to recognise any ot• the Indepen-
dent Governments erected in the Spanish Colonies.
A promise to this effect is said to have been al-
ready made to Doti ONIs in private, so that no
..I:fficsilty is anticipated with reference to a more
public declaration. •
We lament to state that the virulence of the yel-
low fever daily increases in Iron •end Cadiz; the
deaths amounting to SO and 60 daily. In Cadiz
"bale the sick amount to 3,000 persons. The strict
precautions hitherto adopted have unfortunately not
had, the effect of confining the disease within the
military cordon ; but in the present alarmed state of
the public mind in the south of Spain, any appear-
ance even of ordinary sickness will be sufficient to
excite the liveliest.apprehensions.
The French Funds are, 5 per Cents. 70 f. 30 c.;
Bank Stock 1,465 f.

The foll Owing important communiralion has been
received horn Africa, by which it will be seen that
the different Powers oT Europe have come In some
important re'olutions regarding the Barbary States :

" Algiers, September to.
" An tallish and French combined squadron, composed
of the Rothefort of SO guns, and a beqr ef war, under com-
mand of Vice-Admiral Sir Thorns, Fremantle; and the
French ship Colossus, add frigate Galatea, commanded by
Vice-Admiral Lurcia, arrived here us the 3.1 instant; on the
4th, the two Admirals came on shore ; on the Sth, they pre-
sented to the Dry, in the name of their Sovereigns, the Reso-
lutions of the Congren at Aix•la-Chapelle, relative to the
Barbary Powers, wit of which was to the followiug effect :--
" That the Barbary Powers will no longer be strewed to
remain on the footing they hail been ; and that they roust
henceforth, in their political relations, consider themselves to
be viewed in the light of civilized nations,' &c. &c.
" To this the Dey replied, that he really could out con-
prebeud what the Admirals would say to hint, and they
have, in fact, left Algiers without any further arraugement."

It is understood that Mr. WILLIAM HALE will
otter himself for Hertfordshire it
cancy. He is now iii Devonshire, attending a 'sear
rr v hose dissolution may he hourly expected.

t lIARD 111111.1 P SCUDAMORE, Of KrOtehOrCit,
in flee County of Hereford, Esq. is returned to
acne in Parliament fur the City of Hereford, in
the room of THOMAS POWELL SYMONDS, Esq.
deceased.—(Gozette.)

'rise Flight Sheriff fur Essex has declined compli.
mire with the reptiaition for calling a county meet.
ing to take into consideration the late proceedings
ut Jliochrster.

The Requisition for tl►e meeting of the county
of Westmorland his been acceded to, and the
mert►i.g is nppointed to take place at Kendal, on
Thursday, the eht instant.
Since the receipt of the intelligence of the death
of the Duke of Moments. the 35th regiment, of
which his Grace was Colonel Commandant, have
appeared in mourning. The 35th are at present
quartered iu Cw k.

The Court :11'061 on Lieut. GEARY assembled
again on Monday utortaing at Portsmouth, when
Lieutenant GEARY made his defence. The Court
having considered the whole of the evidence were
of opinion, that the charge was proved, and sen-
tenced him to he dismissed his Majesty's ship Piece-
tun, and severely reprimanded.
The following is all extract from a 'private letter
from Liverpool, dated October 9 :—" The Betty,
EDG EWOOD, arrived here this day from Philadel.
'dila, with upwards of 160 mete, women, and chil-
dren, returned emigrants. The tide of emigration
has turned, and those poor creature-, who have been
induced to leave their country, their homes, and
friends, from the flattering prospects held out to
them of that land of plenty and freedom (the
United Stairs), are now happy if they can find the
means of paying their passage to return to Old
England."

The Cadiz letters, received by the Mail of Mon-
day. describe the situation of that place mud neigh-
bourhood as very melancholy, in consequence of the
contagion which was making serious ravages. As
the troops intended to go in the expedition were
dispersed, it was suppoatil the armament, if not to-
tally destroyed, was at lea►t suspended for a coo•i-
-derahfe time. The impression with regard to the
distemper still is. that it was brought to the bay of
Cadiz by the Aria, 74, that arrived some time ago
front the Havanna!) with money ; and, for the sake
of landing which the usual restrictions were dis-
pensed with, although the Captain on his Arrival
made due notification that he had the fever on board,
and that he had lest 140 persous on the voyage
home.

The paragraph which has appeared in some Of the
newspaper% stating, that the coal trade of the Wear
had been interrupted by the keelmen employed ou
that river, is without foundation.
Soszo ALcocz, • poor woman, mother of seven
children (with one of whom she was committed to
Monmouth Gaol for contempt of the Ecclesiastical
Court of Llandaff,) has been liberated. through the
benevolent intervention of some of the County Ma-
gistrates. The Rev. W. Powszt, the respected
Vicar of Aberguvenny, has nobly pledged himself
for the .psyment of 201. (the amount of fees de-
manded of this unfortunate woman !) without the
-payment of which she must have remained hd(►e-
lnslp is prison for an indefinite period !
An unfortunate accident occurred on the road
between Rusheyford and Darlington, daring the
night of yesterday se'nnight, in consequence of the
upsetting of a return chaise. The driver, who had
probably been asleep, was killed on the spot by the
elusive Tailing upon him, vie was 27 years of age,
and highly respected by his muter and fellow-sert.
rants. Verdict of a Coroner's Jury—Accident/if
Death.
A peat was 'plucked on the 7th inetant finite the
garden of Joni Basrr, Esq. at ICentingtda. which
weighs 1 lb. 3 oz. and measures in its greatest cir-
cumference of length 16 inches, and of .width 12
iodizes

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attack the
victims of tli
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