The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-06-21 00:00:00

MARRIAGE ACT.

On the motion of Lord ELLENDOROUGH, the.
House resolved itself into a Committee un the
Marriage Act Amendm•stit Bill.
Lord ItEDIESDALI said, he had drawn up a
clause which he proposed to have added to the Bill.
The object of the clause was, that any persons who
obtained a marriage by giving false names, or
making false representations, should he guilty of
perju►y, and liable to the punishment of transpor-
tation, while at the same time the marriage shook':
be.considered binding. He wi►hed that this clause
should be added now, and the Bill printed ; and
then at a future stage it would be in a more proper
state for their Lordships' consideration. With re-
spect to the licensing clause, he did not wish to
throw any additional burden upon the surrogates or
the persons who had the g►anting of thaw licenses.
A consideration had entered Ins mind with respect to
the affidavits necessary before banns could be pro-
claimed—it was this, that these affidavits should
be made before a Justice of the Peace, and that ■
shilling fee should be paid.
Lord ELLIMBOROUGH said, he entirely concur-
red in the cowrie recommended by his Noble amid
Learned Friend. He considered his suggestion
most valuable, and he could not express the gran.
hide lie felt to him for his valuable exertions.
The Duke of Sow EIIIBT said, that he consider-
ed the law would be better if no alteration had
taken place with respect to natural childreu.
Lord RIDIDIDALE sa►d, that with regard to the
retrospective clause, it was his opinion that it should
not pass without some more exceptions, for it
would tend to create much litigation it►
The LORD CHANCIELLOI observed, that great
mischief wax likely to arise from the clause re-
specting property, and it should, in his opinion,
undergo material alterations. He could not omit
that oppoi sty of expressing his thanks to his
Noble and Learned Friend for his useful exertions,
not only on this occasion, but at all times No man

The SPEAKER look the Chair al four o'clock. •
Oa the motion of Mr. WALLACE the Lards' arnead•
nests to the N•vlaiitiero. Bill were read asid agreed to, rod
tbs Bill sent hack I. the Lords.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WBSTSIINSTER.
On the motion of Mr. HUSKI4SON leave was given Id
bring is a Bill to enable the Commisaiosers of Land Re-
weave to purchase premises to make Improvements I. the
seigbboarbood of Parliament-street, Westmisater.
CANADA.
Leave having bees given 111 bring In a Rill to consolidate
the Poiriarre of Upper and Lower Cased' into *le— • •
Mr. WILMOT brought in the Hill, and moved that It be
read a Guilt 11101%
Mr. ELLICE said this measure wet int of great im.
instance, on account of iiderferesta with the trier-mil
Legislature of one of our Colonies, sad ought 1101 to pots
without the aitesstios of the House beint ly direct.
td towards it. The Frown of its having bete delayed In this
late period of the See.ioll was, that Cove. cement had thought
Is necessary to consult all the parties interested in the rube
ject ; aid he understood the vicastire had the coocunenct Of
all the parties whom it most particularly affected, boib I.:
this country awl is Canada.
iVILMOT costarred with the Ilea. Member is apt,
pion as to the importance of the sneer:we, sad diat rapt-
dienry of the House brisiortlirg upon it a very atiselimicm-
*aeration. It was his isletsion, therefore. to propose Lbe
second reading as soon as possible, in order that thlittoll.
might be printed and is the bands of Members - and he
should sot MO,. the Committee ou the Bill till the hi;:rafluly.•
Sir J. MACKINTOSH said the Bill before tbeerms, is.
deed, a most important Bill. 1111 affecting she Constitution of
those Promisees to which it particolarly related, sad otale-
dolly isillutoetaa the principles lupe. which the affairs of our
Colossi.. were administered; foe it provided for the cons*
lidatiog of the two Provinces of Upper mod LawerCaseds
isle toe, sod *Misdated two Hosts,, of a Colimal Legisla--
tare. He could not bet take that opportswity of saying..
that without bringing into auesing the competence of Par-
balmiest to adopt such a proceediag, or the etioretaienur
of bringing shoot mach Sit union at the prearat monserit, be
could not overlook the *email, of sot &Wowing such
Bill to Pm without giving toll notice to the parries istirred-
ed, the Legislattires of those Colorises is wilco/107, is order
that they might have aboodant lime to express their °pintos,
' as the *object, and to bring forward their ohler.tions if illtp
had soy. That was nothing more thou Pediment exiest*
is the case of airy private Bill. Ho elitoolbre wools:him
mats, that whenever the disevesion might be brought 00,
should feel it his duty to oppose any proceeiltsg founded.
UN the Intention of tarrying the Bill theme& is the present
Session.

Mr. WILMOT regretted that the Hamm,Me mid Leary.
ed Gentleman should have thought it neeempary to pledge
bitnief in opposition to the , without bairsag ►eard
the peculiar circumstances which bad occasioned its being
now brought forward. It was ■ot thee the time to go into
the discussion of those circumstances ; but be would lake the
opportunity of saying, that on cowetitetional grounds he did
not think say objection to the measure could exist ; for the
present constitutton of those Provinces bad been established
by Act of Parliament, sad was to be considered as steely
temporary in it■ nature. Ho trusted the Honourable and
Learned Gestleman would retract hie oppositloa, if upon
being made acqsaiuted with the particular eireurninances
which gave occasion to the measure, be should (eel satisfied
that there were sufficient reasons for bringing it forward a
this time,
The Bill was then read a first time, and ordered to be read
a second time tmnseirraw.

THE BANK CHARTER—NAVY FIVE PER CENTS.
Mr. RICA ROO asked, whether it was the intention alb*
amocellor of the Exchequer lanoline his plan of extending
the Bank Charter fur ten years longer, and at the same tint*
giving additioaal power to the country hanks of circulatiot
their motes, by means of as extension of their partitershipti!
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER was lies
derstood to say, its reply, that he could not give a deals
sire answer at present, as it must depend epos the regulate.
lion of the Bank for a rerewal of Its charter.
The Right Hoe. Gentleman then moved for leave to bring
In a Bill to regolaie certain commis affected by the can.
version of bee per cent. stock into four per tent. stock, and
authorising the AccounteutmLieneral •f the Court! of
Chummy sad Exchequer to make arch conversion at the
Ave per rent. stock standing in their same%
Mr. GR EN FELL cap d himself dissatisfied witb,the
answer of the Right Hon. Gentlemen to the question of leo
Hes. Friend (Mr. Ricardo). The wish of his Hon. Friend
had been to ascertain the tnte•tios of his Majesty's Govern-
ment uu the subject, and slut that of the Bank of England.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said, it lb*
Bask of England should feel dispos►d to press for the re-
newal of its charier in the present PS.aion, undoubtedly he
ah•eld feel himself called wpiali to accede to the measure;
het ►e could not give soy spooky* as to the terms, or the
consideration which it might be prom to requiee, until the
application was made.
Mr. MADERLY said, the Howie was aware that the
Right lion. Gentleman nominally paid to the Bank only
3 per cent. for the advances made by that Company for the
public service; but it would not be difficult to shew that the
Dank really received 6 per Cent. on all t►e capital it so ad..
vanced. Now, at a time when it was proposed to 'mince the
interest of money from 5 to 4 per cent. be did think that no
proposal for ae extension of the Batik charter ought to' be.
acceded to before it bail beet. ascertained by a Committee
of t►e House what was the rate of interest really paid by
Government to the Bank foe its advances on the piddle
account.

Mr. ELLICE raid, since it appeared that the Right Hon.
Gentleman was so entirely dependant uu the Bank, be must
entreat him to use his holloware with his superiors-01,GO ••
—vbo by arch a memoir would heroin* the superior% of•
every other Government in Europe, not to press for the es.
tension of their Charter at prevent. He deprecated any such
proceeding, ou account of the effect it might hare upon the
motley market. The Bank 1140 already that day proctored
• great alteration in the value of money in the market by
et:instating to discount at four per cent.
Linea given to bring is the Bill.

ELECTIONS IN IRELAND.
Mr. S. RICE uhttittleol leave to brie' is a Bill to regulate
the deriinus of ciiirs,auti the counties thereof, in Irelauu•
The gaiters Regulattuu was read the third unie and
Nned.

HIGHGATR CHAPEL BILL.
lOu the motion of Mr. BYNG this Bill nu ordeied to b•
read a second time tLis day ma mouths.
PETITIONS.
1.. The Marquis or TIRAFIELU preen led a Petition

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1E!

%Y

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►.. ~..

from the resiilent Trivittstneo anti Shopkeepers of the lows
of Man.field, in the County of Nottiegham, praying for for-
thin protection sgainat Hawkers and Pedlars.
Sir T. ACLAND presented . Petition from Honlool, in
'Devonshire, praying fur protection from the jetports*. of.
ferries butter.—Ordered to be printed..,c
The Irish Hearth and Window Tate IleprislWriessialet
dared to be s third on Monday next.
SCOTCH JURIES.
• - Mr. KIIWNIMT.said, in rising to move the second
reading of the Scotch Juries Bill, that lie did not
Ail to call to mind the pledge of the Lord Advo-
-este of Scotland, our the first reeding, to prove that
a measure more unwise, more unwarranted, sod more
uncalled for had never been seen; and he was glad
that the time had at ledaarrived for the Learned
Lord to redeem his pledge. In order to render the
grounds of this measure intelligible to English
6eutlemen, it was necessary that he should state a
few of the details of the administration of justice in
• The Court of Justiciary was constantly
sitting in Edinburgh and the Lords of Justiciary
went the circuit twice a year.' There were three
circuits only in Scotland, and in each circuit there
were three towns in which the sittings were held;
sad, except in Glasgow, where the utmost time
abet the Assize had occupied was a week, the buai.
loess was not what would be thought by Airy English
person at all considerable, generally finished in one
day, rarely exceeding two, and hardly ever going
beyoad a third day. In addition to the Courts
which ho had mentioned, there was a, Sheriff's
Court In each county, which had the power of try-
lug by Juries, and where the Sheriff or his substi-
tute presided. The proceedings against parties
before the Lords of Justiciary were al Ways instituted
- 00 the relation of the Lord Advocate, and in the
•• Sheriffs' Courts by the Procurator Fiscal, without
the intervention of a Grand Jury, which was on.
known in Scotland. Ou the day of trial, forty-five
• persons qualified to serve as jurors appeared in
Court. upon summons, from whom fifteen were to
be takeu to form the Jury. by whom the cause
was to be tried. In Edinburgh, the' names
• of the forty-five persons summoned were re-
'turned by the Clerk of Justiciary, from a list
which he hos of the persons qualified to serve on
Juries in the city of Edinburgh, the town of Leith,
• and the adjacent county. For the circuits the
Sheriff of each county sends a list of jurors in the
county, out of which the Judge selects forty-five,
'whom lie orders to be summoned to attend ut the
appointed time in the town where the circuit is to
~ be held. On the day of trial the presiding Judge
.fliileCtS from the list of forty-five, who have been
' =agled as already described, a jury of Miceli
' •
sto try the cause. That is the course in the
supreme Courts. In the Sheriffs' Courts, the
Sheriff is the returning officer of the forty-five
jurors, of course summoning whom he thinks pro.
per; and on the day of trial, as the presiding Judge,
he selects the fifteen who are to try the cause. The
.case winch he sought to cure, was in his opinion
sufficiently strong in the Supreme Courts, hut here
it was much stronger. In neither of tire Courts
was the prisoner allowed the right of challenge,
except fur cause *hewn. There were several causes,
such as a recorded conviction, special malice, in-
sanity, deafness, dumbness, or minority, which, if
proved, would be admitted as valid exceptions to
the party sitting on a jury. But there was no pro.
vision at all for the innumerable disqualifications
arising out of prejudice. of every kind. of temper,
of political feeling. and a variety of other causes.
• which could not be particularly pleaded. The
laaasure before the House (lid not touch any part
the institution previous to the selection of the
,pietty jury (corn the grand assize of forty-five. lie
.Massed to take from the Judges the power of no-
'blurting the fifteen, which these venerable persons
could not but look on as au odious privilege. For
selection by theJudge.he would substitute ballot;
toed what, as he coocet red, should of necessity follow,
he would give the prisoner the right of peremptory
cOallenge. The Bill was framed upon long COnsi-
fieratiun of the subject, and he had only been pre-
sented by ;washer circumstances et different times
two bringing it forward before. In the last Sew-
s --gion he introduced it, and it was thrown out in con-
sequence of the opposition excited against it by the
1 "Lind Advocate. He (Mr. K.) was still at a loss
Low to understand the course of conduct which the
Learned Lord hod pursued upon that occasion. He
nail circular letters (a copy of which the lion.
Member read), enclosing copies of the Bill, to the
sfteriffs of all the counties in Scotland, pointing
their attention to what he conceived to be likely to
raise their opposition. He directed them to take
the sense of their respective counties on the subject
at the ensuing meetings; to urge them to consider
That these changes, if once allowed to commence,
would lead to others; and that it would be idiom.
Bible to foresee the inroads on the administration of
Ilse criminal law of Scotland which would be the
consequence, nor the increase of trouble to those
Stile to serve on Juries which would thereby be
othttaioned. He charged them to put,petitions in
Melton against the Bill, and to sequoia' him with
ant result, in order that he might be enabled to
avail himself thereof to strengthen his opposition to
the measure. Was such a letter to the Sheriffs a
oriiceeding proper to emanate from the Lord Adro-
Ogg of Scotland ?—(Hear.)--.Would the Attorney- •
Gaiters' of England have dared to address the She-
riffs of comities in that manner ?—(Hear.)—Would
the 'Attorney-General of Ireland have dared to
write io such a tone to the Sheriffs of counties in
diet country ?-(Hear.)—The meetings that fol-
lowed were not numerous, end by no means nosni.
amiss in their opposition to the measure. All the
fillitions that were relit up against it adopted the
(age of the Lord Advocate's letter ; their great bur-
den was the excellence of the criminal law of Scot-
held, which be had never intended to attack. It
was also argued that it was against the Union; but
for'ihose whu held that doctrine be would oppose
ttiilatithOrity of Lord Hardwicke, and the language
eflicli be bad used i.. introducing the Jurisdiction
Asir The argument founded on the increase of
Vostok to jurors betrayed the insensibility of these
*flitted it to the blessing of this invirlesble Meta.
tgy,4a .H 4 defied any man to lay bid bald ow hie
heart and say .thst the measure •in coy way at-
tacked the criminal law of Scotland.- Her did
*sot think himself- boated to answer that erg*.
sieentr- If be 4ffloductiel•
.4 good add necessary
imadistire, it plea. 10 te,aattaitod it.,slipold be opposed
talliiy net hi was likely to attempt iiddstiosid
elbeelifioelin limb** a bedlOder re at soother
holear.ifda.patooadat id ASO ilitielle".11101 sod ofits

•
•j• • •Iry i) J I

nioni respecting the defeeS of Scotch jirrisprw.
I
zdeem, in . hard to juries, from the reign of
Lajameo:.ao.re to zfiit present time. He then Te-
lenet! to a 0101 which took place but • few days
so, which strikingly displayed the inexorable tie-
-Omit, for gdopting Ibis' or some other Bill of
the same spirit. The House would no doubt anti-
ei to that he .!laded to the case of Mr. Stuart.
mild not under the circumstances be too speedy
in premising, that in his opinion no conduct could
be, more entirely free from blame than that of the
Judge, the Jury, and all the parties concerned in the
tttal. But such'were the circumetancee, theta letter
wee produced which proved that one of the Judges had
consulted with ass individual on the very conduct
which had led to the commission of the fatal act.
That Learned Judge, most linnourably to himself,
refused to act in any way ott the trial; but so far
had he concerned or interested himself, to use the
most delicate way of expression, that he was oblig-
ed to withdraw from his duties. Hit would not add
• word upon the facts of that case. But suppose
the letter had never come to light, or that the case
had been tried in Perth, to which county it
really belonged, it was possible that the Judge
might have been actually. obliged to select
the Jury to try the offence in the instiga-
tion of which he had participated. He apo-
logized for having dwelt on so painful a sub-
ject, to which nothing but a sense of duty
would have induced him. He pointed out the
great range in the liberty of challenge allowed by
the English law of trea.on, and cited the COM.
Notaries of Blackstone to shew the advantage of
English Juries, and the excelleut noes of the right
of challenge, especiAlly in criminal cases, in regard
ID the safe and permanent existence of the Con-
stitution. If this were true in respect to England,
how much more strongly did it apply to Scot-
land, where there were no Grand Juries, where
the Leerned Lord himself was the Grand Jury,
and selected whom hr chose to try the cause ori-
ginating from himself ? He exposed the dangerous
consequence of leaving the issue to the decision of
the majority. A man might be brought to the
vilest punishment, to death itself, by the casting
vote of one who might be his deadly foe; against
whom lie might have such objections ,o urge as in
England would be enough to move him out of
the pannel. The case was fortified to the last
degree, when it wee considered that there were
Heather grand juries nor coroner's inquests in
Scotland, that the whole process commenced in the
nature of ex dieio infurinetions from the autho-
rity of the Learned Lord, and depended on his
sole will and pleasure. To these arguments was
to be added the arbitrary power of puutshment
vested in the Judge„ The necessity for preserving
the jurisprudence pure mid unsuspected was obvious.
If any Judge wished to retain this power. that was
the beet renown for doing it sway; it could not be
desired for any constitutional end or advantage. He
wished to know why the law of Scotland should be
anomalous to the criminal law of all Europe. He
had heard this power of the Judges ,being called
their privilege out of doors; he hoped there was
no Member of that House who would dare to
Use such a term for it. It was a principle in
jurisprudence to separate the Judge sod Jury
as much as possible. The effects of an opposite
principle were observable in every Court in
Scotland. where it was constant matter of con-
jecture, in the conversation of the suitors about
the Court, what sort of a jury they were likely to
have. There were mail things understood respect-
ing them beforehand—it was generally known end ,
believed that the persons most obsequious in taking
the law (rein the Bench were preferred. He re-
marked on the auxiety with which an Election
Committee was constituted. He thought that the
constitution of Criminal Juries ought to be • much
more serious matter of consideration. He was con-
vinced that if the Bill should pass, it would soon
be a matter of wonder with the people of Scotland
how it came to be delayed till 1833. He apologised
for the defects of his speech. and trusted his argu-
ments, where they fell short, would be supplied
by the ability of his friends near litin.-IThe speech
was followed by loud cheers, which continued for
some nitnutes.le-He then moved the second read-
ing of the Bill.
The LoaD ADVOCATE mid, that the object of
the Bill being to assimilate the law of Scotland
with that of Englund, some considerable evils of
practice ought to be adduced to lead the House
into the alteration. From the length of time (too
remote to trace) that the Scotch Jury Law had ex-
isted. sod the absence of any complaint stating
abuse down to the present period, he concluded
that no alteration wee required ; at least they must
excuse Scotthmen for that devotion to their institu-
tions which made them reluctant to join any al•
tempt to alter them. By the articles of Union the
Courts of Justice in each country were to be kept
separate. He did not deny the power of Parliament
to alter them ; but then it ought only to be exer-
cised fur the good of the wople, and if the peo-
ple of Scotland did out went the measure, if they
were even opposed to it, Parliament ought not to
force it upon them. He would venture to say that
the Sci tch had no wish for this Bill. There had
not been one petition in favour of it, or one com-
plaint against the old law, since it wus introduced
last Sespiou, not even from the Hon. Member's
i own seat, Argyle. He acknowledged that he had
sent the Bill into the counties, and directed the
people to meet and consider if that were • Bill fit
to be supported. All the counties but Lanark io
consequence had protested against the Bill. As to
the power of the Judges, they had no wish to
hold it, though they btlidved it to be wise
and right for the country if the Perlis.
meat wished to take it away. The gentlemen of
Scotland were averse to the change. Take the
criminal law of Scotland in all its parts, it would
beer the test of comparison with any code in the
world. Let shwa observe the Petitions heaped oe
the table against the ern:goal law of England. No '
loch thing could be said of the Scotch law. The
direct teudency of it was towards lowering and dimi-
nishing the number of ...isle. Let the Hon. and
Learned Gentleman go to the Secretary of State's
alike, sad learn the difference of capital muteness
mood iu the taw cm:attire in the last three vom—
its Eughimll.4o9, in Scotland, allowing for the
Illigerestes of popubitioa. 4.15 to 11l ; yet Glasgow
. sternest Manbfacturing city. which received .to
ill the low Alistramed Ida.' • Not so Scotleed.
Nor • wen le et re feeds 'hy foam se Wi,
ce
lei.

English parishes, but every body was at liberty to gn
where he pleosed. As to the receat'case which had
been alluded to, be thought that there was something
like bad taste in bringing it "forward. - However,
there was no complaint fonnded on it, and there-
fore it was nothing against the Scotch jury leer. He
stated the great object of criminal trial to be the
conviction of guilt consistent with the principles of
justice, to secure the enforcement of the law rather
than to prepare the means of escape for the of-
fender. He remarked on the difference of the two
laws with regard to crimes. In England the pri-
setter knew nothing of the jury or wit before-
hand—the law therefore gave him the right of
challenge. In Scotland ell the particulars of the
change, with the names of the juries and witnesses,
were furnished to the prisoner 15 days before hand.
But the objections to jurors were as frequently
made in Scotland as in England—(A Member
asked across the table. " Arid challenges on the
case?")—end challenges on the case were as fre-
quently allowed. He considered the difference in
the two laws as wholly indifferent—it was but as
a difference of custom. A discretion must rest
somewhere in preparing the pound. In England
it was left to the Sheriff; in Scotland they pre-
fer►ed leaving it to the Judges, as the persous likely
to he most impartial.
Sir J. MACKINTOSH lamented that Ministers had
shown such indifference, as their absence intimated,
to this very miscount subject. He thought (hut
there could be oo stronger rebuke to the unneces-
sary opposition, and hard names givers to the Bill,
thee the able and temperate and convincing manner
in which it had been brought forward. lie would
attempt an answer to the two sett of objections, ge-
neral and specific, each in order, which had been
set up by the Learned Lord. The first objection
was on the ground of theory......one of the conside-
ration, on which those who were opposed to reform
disguised their hostility to common. sense. It had
been well said by's very great Mill, that no one be-
came all enemy to reason until reason first became an
enemy to him. He had himself remarked in the
course of hie life, that few disinterested persons were
ever opposed to the course of right reason. Rotolo-
boa was sometimes the watch-word—.the proper term
here was theory. The considerations offered to
them the existesice of the old law—the wont of in.
stances to prove evil in the practice of it—the
absence of all complaint against it—the Petiornis
egeinst the Bill before them. He would first,
however, call the attention of the House to a me.
morable instance of similar opposition to an im-
provement in the Scottish law in the abolition of He..
riieble Jurisdiction. He cited the opinion of Lord
Chancellor Hardwicke upon it. His Lordship had
shut out of the view the Rebellions of 1715 and
1745 ; he had declared to be unnecessary to impute
evil to the conduct of those who held the power ;
he had asserted the necessity of a change, on the
bare ground that it was a bad model of govern.
(Dent. He tons met by the Jacohitisli Opposition of
1747 with the very sense arguments used by the
Learned Lord. In owe cast the Learned Lord
hod been anticipated almost in force. A Jaco-
bite Nobleman prayed Parliament not to force a
blessing on the Scotch which they did not wish to
receive. Lord Hardwicke, however, persevered,
and was supported by the Duke of Argyll, who
yet was of' opiuion that the Scotch did not wish fur
the alteration. All the arguments of the Learned
Lord were from the Jacobitish inint,t but
none of them were listened to; the Parliament
followed the advice of Loud Hardwicke, and
ctuehed them to atoms; as they most now, if
the principles then maintained by that great men,
which were inherent in reason and the constitution,
were still to be maintained. He was glad of
this opportunity of declaring his opinion of that
great man, now that he had come to a better and
more accurate sense .of his character, because he
in early life had been warmly engaged iu op-
posing a measure produced by Lord Hardwick,.
The Learned Lord might have objected to thn
abolition of heritable jurisdictions (the greatest bless-
ing ever bestowed upon Scotland since the Moon,
except the trial by jury in civil cases). Those rea-
sons which he had urged egainet the present Bill,
would have equally applied to that measure.
With respect to peremptory challenge. the ex-
perience of England, from time immemorial,
had proved that the tight of peremptory chal-
lenge was an essential part of the trial by jury.
It was contended by the Learhed Lord, that. the
delay it would occasion by detouring the Judges et
Aberdeen or Inveruess would be en sirconvenience—

and again, that the small number of prisoners to
be tried in Scotland rendered it unnecessary ; but,
if the practice had been found safe sod good in
England, how much more would the argumenis in
its favour apply to Scotland, where the number of
prisoners was so much smaller ? It should always he
recollected that in Scotland a majority of the jury
might convict, and there it was desired to have
only four peremptory challenges. whilst in England
there were twenty peremptory challenges allowed,
and the jure must be unanimous. lie then alluded
to a recent case which had occurred in Scotland.
The late Sir Alexander Boswell had, it seemed,
consulted the Judge _previous to the duel, who
might, if kir. Stuart.had fallen, have had to sit
inAndgrueut on him; and had the cause been
tried at Perth, he would hive had the selec-
ting, or rather the picking of the Jury. What
had once occurred might frequently occur. and
was this, he would aak, a safe practice, and one
proper to be continued, when the remedy was
an pry ? He believed that the admission of the
lower and middle classes of the community in large
numbers to serve on juries had mainly contributed
to form the excellent aatiotial character of England.
He thought he did not overrate the advantages of it
when be attributed to such attendance that atten-
tion to law end reverence fur justice which had
always characterised the English nation, producing
independence of mind, with obedience to the law ;
qpiet, instead of turbuleut. and •bea, usfortu-
&witty. Cini.diseads had broken out, it so softened
Umatilla incident thereto, that scene* which in ge-
nteel were meet disgraceful to human nature, filled
• the most honourable chapters of English history.
fan . •
_conciuoiNli be trusted the House would nut
deny the fulhfrenefits elan institution to Scotland.
COLONIAL TRADE BILL
A message from the Louis annonaced that their
:I,ordysjigl posed tir. ColcmAtt .laid sod eater
nal% a ter Rhicb tle.debeet wasidesuandkrt.., v. t
•Ler .Stainia laid* be costiflitEllicableikar
• ' .4.-- • • •

•
of all petitions from Scotland as a cdneldsive proof
that no inconvenience had ever been felt in
that country, and that the present measure was ens
necessary. Allusion had been made toan old and me
'peeled friend of his, as if he had mixed himself up
with a recent ;nisfortunate treusaction, he meant
Lord Meadowbsaik. Sir Alexander Boswell had,
indeed, gone to consult with him oo the settlement
of his .worldly affairs. In the agitation of mind
which the father of a family might be supposed to
feel in each • situation, he forgot that Lord Meadow.
hank was a Judge as w«ll as an old friend. But
the Learned Judge, if he (Lord Binning) was
rightly informed, recalled his attention to that
circumsiance, end put • atop to the conversa-
tion. How then had he mixed himself in it I—the
communication was made, and he could not
avoid it. The Hon. and Learned Gentleman
had drawn a variety of conclusions from this cir.
cumatance, sold hid supposed, if Mr. Stuart had
heel) tried at Perth, whet would have take.) place ;
but he would tell the Hon. and Learned Gentle-
man whet would base taken place:—Lord Meadoerbask
would not have gone that circuit. He (Ltted Binning) 44.
derstuod that the Hon. Member for Gorham, -hem he was
glad to see in bee place, tneaut to attack the office of public
prosecutor in Scutland,—to kill that treat Leviathan, •ad
ingraft the whole system of English Grind Juries into the
Scottish law He (Lord Binning) should prefer the se.
letting of Juries to be in the iodate, which he consi-
dered a better mode of procuring an infringes's Jury tbs.
treating 10 blind chance. The Judges, when they went the
eireolt, did not know what emotes would come htfore them,
sad entail not therefore be supposed to exert any partiality
la nominating the Juries. He regretted the thin attendance
of Members us this important aeration, and spolugised for
having occupied so mock of the time of the House.

Mr: HORACE TWISS could not agree with filenames
assigned for denying t►e right of peremptory challenge, and
he.strould therefore give his vote for the second reading of
the Bill. He should support the Bill, not as a preli-
minary meager, to hither alterations, because, in Let, the
measure stood Orme, and called for nothing further after it.
The list of the Jury gives to the prisoner before his trial was
widoubiedly a valuable privilege, but of no ■se whatever to
him, tanks, he had the power of rejecting some; and if the
House should deride un rejecting the ballot, the arguments i■
f of peremptory ebslle•ges nip ir?d tenfold force. It
was enough for the argument in favour of the challenge
that souse might arise; it was out sufficient to say that
such oceurrencies were rare. For these muslin ha should
vote for the second !radial; of the Bill.
Mr. PEEL mid, as he entertained doubts as to the pro-
piety of the presets( mode of selecting the Jury, ha should
sat oppose the second reading fo the Bill. He could con-
ceive it to be very pomitsle that prejudices might operate to
• greater ement,,on • small number of pm SUM, in Scotland
thou I. Engiasel ; but thinking that, while the present mode
of preparing the lists bum which the jury of fifteen were to
be skein was comported, the probability was, that the Judge
woold select a better jury fur the promoter than he had a
enlace of clarions; by the ballot, corrected only by the
power of challenging, he thought it would be advisable in
the Ant instance to provide a greater number of jurors from
whom the ballot was In be taken, rather than introduce the
ballot Miasma to *mall a oupuber. Os these grounds he
should out oppose t►e second reading; but hoped that is
. the Committee Wile arch alterations as thine he had already
suggested would be introduced.
Mr. H. DRUMMOND supported the second reading.
The Bill was thee road • &embed time, and ordered to be
committed os Mouday neat.
IRISH BUTTER TRADE.

Sir N. COLTHEIRST, In miming pursuant to notice for
a Cummitiee of the w►ole House on the Irish Bettie Trade
.Act OS George 111. rap. 23 ), could not refraiu from ex-
pressing his regret that it bad out here thought expedite'
by his hlsjesty's Governmebi, and the Right Honourable the
P.esideet of the Board of Trade, to bring the questme be-
fore the Hour. The'groneds on obich he Noodled his pro-
ceeding were—trot, the' a protecting duty ie Issuer of t►e
butter trade of Ireland was necessary ; and secondly, that lb,
protection afforded ought lobe folly adequate to the securing
of the interests it was Intended to support, or it would be
wholly Mowry. The principle of prnircinra is the cue of the
better trade had already been admitted sad acted on, by the
imposition of a duty proposed by be Right Hoe. Gentleman
himself kit ISIS, of* duly of 2Ss. per cwt. on foreign butler
imported in foreign ships, Bed of 20s. per colt. if imported ie
Britivb vessels. That duty did fur • time operate as
check. At the period when he peopued it, the Right
Honourable Geutleman was told that it would be
found inadequate, sod answered that, if it should opus ex-
periesice prove so, he should be ready to move an increase.
That an i was now become necessary, he 'rooted
would appear from the fact, that the quantity of foreign
butter sold iu the English market had *early doubled since
that duty was Srst laid en, sod the quantity of Irish butler
conoomed had decreased in proportion. The cousrquenee
had been, that the price bad fallen from between 800. and
90a. to between 410 s. and 505., sod the latter price was now
only nowise!, and he was credibly Wiformed, that if the im.
purtation in this year kept pace with the last, there would
be no demand at all for Irish butter is the market. This
falling off is so extensive • braticli of trade, was not con.
Ailed in its prejudicial 'frets to Ireland, but meal aloe ma-
terially affect England, by the diminution IN the quantity of
British manufactures imported into 'reload, and toe number
of British vowels which would be ►brown out of employ.
The remedy which it was his Witt:attn. to propose was, ea
of Ile. per cwt. to the duly ott fore's* butter. He
concluded by moving, that the Speak!: do maw leave the
chair.

Mr. H. GURNEY deprecated the exteasiost of that sys-
tem which seemed to have regulated their proceedings of late,
that &wised was to pay every thing, and Ireland nothing.
Tbit p. isiciple seemed to have regulated the shams already
imposed on foreign butter, end to have exteuded itself is re.
cent Instances to the remission of taxes. He o.'ioald be at
all times ready to go as far as any man is mode seats to
relieve the distressed condition of the poor people is Ire.
laud ; but he never could coolest to impose taxes as the
people of England fur the sole pompom us keeping els exor-
bitant mots for the benefit of the lauded Geutlemen 4( Ire,
land.—(Hear.)
Mr. E. ROBINSON said, though he rose to oppory Ike
motion of the Hun. Baronet, it was sat on the puma&
which bad been alleged toy the floe. Member who had jaaf
MA down (Mr. Gainey). H. did sot oppose it Weems, Ilse
was unwilling to give every possible pioiectiou and enrolee
nthenstrot to tie Wends of Ireland, but betties, he did not
think it expedient, eves for 4htme interests., to carry the pro-
tetllosl of the hotter trade further than the present law bail
carried it. It was true that is 1816 be had said that he
should be ready to increase the duty thee imposed ea foreign
batter, if it should be found inadequate as a protection to
.the batter trade of Ireland. But he sleeted that the Mini-
intim in price proved inadequate palmetto*, or that it was
at all noted by it ; for a corresponding diaziaation had oc-
curred in the pries of all other witcha of ageteolinni
produce. Looking at the shasiiiiished valve of Irish
batter, sod at the amount of duty imposed on the int.
;seriatim' of foreign butter, be (owed that the extent
of grattctio• enjoyed by the former was equal to 50 per
put.; *Lk& the Honourable Bartmet proposed to increase to
76 per ant. But If 50 per rest. would not afford an ade-
quate protection, he knew not how far it might act he tar-
ried. The quantity of Irish butter imported :on Eueland in
the last two years was larger than at any former period ;
that the quauttty of Dutch hotter imported was alai metres-
ed, proved s conelderably enlarged piton. Bogor
was one of the few iirtichas which afforded the Dutch the
means of paying foe the coottoodities witch they drew from
this country; end If weemealatmotaide that murder to f
the consumption of the rase commodity produced at home,
at a higher price, be could see no red to the system of tx•
chasion. The same reason might, stud indeed had beau urged
for protection from the tallow of Russia; sad right with
equal ream. be I weeded to articles of the staple prudere of
My country with which we bad stay trade; and thus bony
V of the interests if thh country meat ultimately 4e lyre!
)40014 bX IMF to the exteettes of those tett:Kt:ye

triteistioes. A. therefore felt Mend? ANA, lhoti:lt re.
luetantly, because be knew that a strati reell:4:: the soh.
jeer bail been raised in ibe minds of tbone iatere.ts
were concerned is Ireland, to oppose the Motion of tho
H hie Sinnott.

Sit 1. NEWPORT said, nothing could le Mort caadid
than the mariner in •bich this question hadhetn treated by
the Right Hon. Gentleman; but very rtifferokbe isnot ob-
serve, was the hostile tone of the Hon. !Mather hp, Nee
wick (Mr. Gummy). He denied that any Ober had beea
steno to Ireland ip the remission of taxes. Rd manstaised,
on the contrary, that the relaxation .t tanstiba to-Great
Britain had hero infinitely larger in proper's'. thaw Is !re-
bind. He founded himself in that trammel. Moe tie. Re-
port of the Committee of 1815, which &Male!! that team
lion, even inelsoling the war lairs, had adesieeil in Itelaad
in a larger end more rapid degree than in Goat Britain. He
maintained that !reload was entitled to a enter promotion.
ate relaxation than this country. With reopen to whit had
been said abort favouring the peasantry, hut am the landed
gentry of Ireland, all he could my was, that he firmly be.
hewed that the best meant the Howse could adopt fur in.
proving the condition of the permute-, of Island wm, to
enable the landed Gentlemen to derive the grated mummy
of advantage from their possessions that Mel Might be en-
abled to spend their rent. among them. He is vote me
the Hems womb, not accede to the stemmas which had
been so isenooderairly applied by the Homorahle Mem-
ber (Mr. Oursey.)—(ll.ar, hear )--With respect to the ques-
tion before the House, if the isicmated coienaptlou of.tlis
haul latterly been espobed by Holland, it was clear that the
duties no longer afforded to Ireland that protection for
which they were proposed. Ireland paid fur the aneoefac-
tares of this country which she comunied, with the news
productions of her soil; and from that summoner furnish. d
the renta of her absentee proprietors, which wee spent tre.e,
and, whet ought never to be left out of the enmultration, by
being spent here, largely contribeted to the taros in this part
of the Ittnerlom. It would be fund that tee quantity of
British manufactures costumed in Ireland was greatly di-
minished. The amount of woollen mautulectures im-
ported juts Ireland from this toiletry in 1613. alas tinhoonni.
mid in the last year it was railer below 1,0181,000/.
The decrease in the consumption of other ',sidles of twos-
facture was nearly equal. Aud the ease of this diotiegtiot
MIN that Ireland had no looter the nears of papier for
these articles. This country had the monopoly of the Irish
market, it wee therefore* from Mobility a'oise that Are con.
gumption in that market could have decreased. The impro-
vident system of taxation that had bees pun sell boards
Ireland, had absorbed all ha pouffe, and her triFitsf, in a
great degree, and bad left the people without the anent of
cousunito

Mr. RICARDO said the only site by wbleb Oa Right
Hutt. Baronet who had jest sat down, and the Hs. Baronet
opposite (Sir N. Cr:Athlete), appeared to measure prometion„
was monopoly. He was opposed to all such pleas of pro-
tection, nod maintained that for the tater-est ewes of kelaud
herself, that species of protection ought, literal of bring
eitend.rl, to be gradually dresinistred, until by degrees the
trade of the country became entirely free aid ors. Ihy
after day they were assailed sib deemed' for protection to
some part teeter interest. One day for ogriculturel produce,
smoker for tallow, then for West India sager, and !Yes for
the shippiug interest. The words of a must etrelima wake
on this subj. ct (Adam Smith) oriel.' be more lately to
command the attention of the Hoime, then say thing he
could offer. That writer sad, Coosomperm is the
mar eed sod purpose of all production; and Cie Ware/
of the producer ought only to be sthriolsd to se far as
it tennis to promo'e the inter:et of moment.. But to
our mercantile system, the interest of the prod-am alone
seem* to have bees consulted." With respect to the parti-
cular question of the butler trole, the most false ri resents-
(lons had been put forth. Allit.Pg others, is tiee petition
from Dublin, it was stated that there had lucre • el isteation
in the quantity of batter exported from fretted last rarer
10,963 cot. But what was the feel? By the rasa! re.
forum, the quantity of holler aaaaa Ily imported .lets' this
country fens Ireland mime 1616, the year to valid t the se-
lecting duties were hopes el. moppet,/ to ben folio. !Net.—
ln 1811, 381,789 ewe.; 1817, 8110,000 cwt.; 1818, 306,080
cwt. ; 1819, 333,300 cwt. ; 1820, 430 000 cwt. ; 111111,
431,000 eve ; mud 1821, 413,0110 cwt. do thee t hes 64
beets a regular increase up to the pretest lime kletead
leech a decrease oohed been rep. emoted.
Nr. S. RICE said, he should be extremely gliad 91
country were is a saltation so adopt the principle di*.
trade which were receipt:soiled by Iris Huotterabigh bleed
(Mr. Ricardo). But he must creates that in the prey' !ma..
&ion of Ireland and of this country, be could *et seri.
pate any practical good resoles from the principles offs:.
twat economy, however correct they might be is thtegb.
elricC Though the agues its the •ivoota which I adjust
bees read showed that the quantity of butter it sported
Wei this couatry from le-load, instead of demi seeing
had increased; yet the fact wee, that the grew er port
of what had bees au imported was lying in tt e Sire.
honors almost uataleable from the want of r !mind,
owing to the splay of Dealt better la the mote.
To argue, therefore, from ttte import returns, se lot rase of
the trade beneficial iu any degree to irelsod would o sly lead
le an erroneous conclusion. The fact of the deere mod de-
mand in the oaten(, (men the increased supply oi* Hutch
hotter, appeared to hum to be an unanswerable proo f d (he
inadequacy of the testing hers as a protectims to ti e hater
trade of Ireland.

Mr. T. WILSON opposed the motion. He could net,
however, admit that the principles of trade, quoit d by the
Hon. Member for Portartingtuo, were at all applicable
the present condition of this roentry. One priaripal mow
of the increased consumption of Dutch butter was, that the
butter imported into this country hum Hollao4, was of a
much *ulterior quality to the Irish butt., ; the halter hen
still made op,llll it bad been duroug the war, for the sapyll
of our Meets mid armies.
Mr. C. WESTERN reminds(' the Honourable Member
fur Pottathogiens that whoa Adam Smith wrote, Baglsoe
was capable of predating at cheap es any other count?;
but the ~rooms growth of taxation 'dace that merited tru-
ing Ilmeisig pet it out of her poorer to Insini‘la a cot apeeiOra
is Ptoduee with other countries; she principles upplicAk
to the former period, could mot sow be brought halo .seit
*permit's. He was merprised that Gentiesma shim 1 he ta
ametoos of extending our code with rumen coo MOW, HI
relievers' to Ireland, white she tatter meld commie ee
much iseger• mummify of British manufactures. and by "
doing coatrabote much men to the general prompt.' ity a lee
empire.
Mr. HUSKISSON begged to assure the Hoesomilbe
her nho had just sat down, that be was net Ms 16104
whoever sorb person. might be, who preferred the bleeme"
of •ay fudge cosatry to those of any part of our nos
respire; and if he thought the present motion espe!Ple
of producing any permanent advantage to Ireland, co
mead of cootribitting to Maintrion those Missive othot,al
which were too geverally resterta.ned on these polies's, "
-mould gladly give it his pummel. In ISO. the tear I 0
the import oily ems imposed on foreign butler, the ertuaere
inimried from Hothead ems 125,000 Cwt.; which fell 1•171/11
to ill,ooo oat.; and ',wash it had ruses Iliac, the to, it awl
never reached higher than in 1822. when 115,000 :wt. Val
the quaatiey imported. Su that the Demme of the tar*
sties from Holhind was less 'son ia 1010; bat
ation float belated was iocteased. Ilse case of lb. 1.
creased imomeetation from Holland emelowhiedly we that the
price bad feline there more thig it hod Is tgloot-
The Hoamerable Hammel urged the fall of the rein le
Ireland as • reama for locuresiag the prottetten;
be (Mr. H.) should have thought the converse Yea'
porissitiso le be either nearer the troth. The fli
ber fur Eats exiled for protection on account of She
awe of lametioe leeieg greater that. in other musty Teel
verities of tazation might soon he retied by a lake°
to Ike relative mutation of Holland with b dad IP
that rowel. Hott.tod he maintained to bs ell
Lard coisalty is /be world, sot ezerteleg B&W`
Holland peed • tax on laud, and ewes a ear a mei idled'
Ike raw material 'emir. (d langb.) sad Ireland had WO'
leg duty is her favour of 211 a. per ewe. If Halle ode ell
supply this market cheaper than Ireland, It was hes
1.:6.;
mice these had fatless meth more, and it mead
Murk cheaper. If the price erf hotter bed bike m 01"
the price,* vetoer articles of medusa, there might I Pea
chase* of good from rairiorlor mica byenlectsiteat Oil re;
set, But *bon it was lemma that every odperteameoct
slat be eabelltuled for it so «wampum, Ira oral,

ta pries, he feared that to isy Oil Si additional (lily thmstri
tot increase the consumption Of • n article so inferior In
quality as Irish boner meat be admitted to be, hat would
rather drive it oat of the market, and induce the consumer
to bey other cheaper cubit notes. He was besides convinced
that the adoptioo of the imbue which this meteor aweenuneod-
eel could only lead loan increase of the restrictions already lin.
posed by oilier countries or their trade with mi, which
already operated so much to our ribridvastage.
Mr. C. H. HUTCHINSON said, the principles now adopt.
ed by the Right Hoe. fleatlernaa (Nr. P. Robinson) is op.
poising the snots*" of his Resemble Colleague, were
diametrically opposite to sheet which had governed
his conduct ever attire he bad bad a seat is Paella-
rent, and which bad regulated the policy of this coun-
try foe the hat century. He did sot mese In colleted ibat
the alteration i• the trading policy of the country might not
lK peoper,but he could sot *oppress the elpremiuo of his re-
gret that the period chorea by the Right Huts. Gentleman
for 'waking that alteration should be precisely the moment
to which the operation of hie net system must tend to the
xlisadvastage of an already distressed aid suffering people.
Mr. C. MONCK contended, that there was but one
mode in lOWA relief or protection, as it was Callvd,
'could be effectually Ors to the •grieellore of this
wortatry and of Irelowl, which was, but by raising
the prices of coramoditiee, but by reducing taxation.
*hes the Right Hor. Gent lemmas referred to the r.lative coo-
t/Sitio. of Holland and Ireland in that 'vipers, and affirmed
that idolised was the most taxed country in the world,
Eaglaad nut excepted, he quite overlooked two of the
most Isoirlemeese Issue to which bad was subject is these
Stesetries, but from which in Holland it was entirely
He meant the chimera for tithes is !reload, and the
tithes and poor rates is England; which, *bough they put
'rilbies tato the pockets of Governmeet, were the most op-
pressive taxes knows is their operation upon the lead.
He neseremibi cosiest to tax the C01111•011tt for the benefit
of the producer.
Mr. GRIPFITH raid, there was sot better better is the
world Iliao that produced in Ireland. sad Prelim' that en-
Couragemeet timid is ifirlie to Ireland, be ahenld support
the motion. •
SirT,

r

CLL.
ND raid a few word, in support of the motion.
IIIo:DITEMPORT said, he should support the motion,
for Me shoold 'rued all the protection ill our power to those
who so much required it.
Mr. V. FITZGERALD said, he Isesented extremely the
Inconvenient period .1 shirk ate Nos. Friend bad called the
sitettfinis of the House to that important @object ; not that
tie dilrered 1.10 him il. the views he hid takes or w.,ions-
*able% the important iater.cd• *inch it iovelelou,he, he wee
oftsid attb.l Isle period of the Session no progress could be
mad* in the euhject. Whole be Concurred in the abstract
priselples respecting a free trade which had bees laid down
by his Right 'Hon. Friend (Mr. Huskisson) and others, yet
he mold easily conceive Most exceptions might arise, and he
losses* dooto 'bat • ewe could be made tout to prove that
lielned braes that excepti . An Hon. Gentleman oppo.
sits (Mr. Gurney) bad, i• Isis opinion, selected rather an un-
terntrahle 'mimeos' for throwing oat en stegenevons sentiment
against Ireland, sod reproaching the House with encoding
to Irish interests. This steely was nut a time tor such an oh-
permitios. wt en a motion woos made to benefit that unhappy
esmotry, tenth was labouring tinder the *eeriest *offerings,
end was demotions on the bounty and liberality of England,
which never wss more ceospienously or honourably excited.
-{Heor.)—Shoal the suet ion for the Speaker to leave the
Chair be premed to a division, be should feel it his duty to
vete for it so far, but reserving to himself the right of
etteosim hie own coarse wheu the Horn weal imps Coos-
mittet.--(Hear, bear.)
die N. CV LTHURST briefly replied.
Ililistquestion was then put sad negatived without n116'61011.
PUBLICANS' LICENSES.
Chs the mellow of H r. BENNETT the Pohliesne` Licenses
111111sais feriae/Med. Several clauses were agreed to, and
Si* &wont not ordered to be received this dep.
The Ripest of Supply was brueght up, and the resolu-
tion for grentioag fortiori, sanstsore to behind wail agreed to,
odd a•Bili ordered to be brought in accordingly.
?he Noon then west info a Coilinirtie on the Beall
Boot Note Rill.
.ribt CIIANCEL.LAR of the EXCHEQUER peewee! I
oreastoetwo-lef "stead the power of the Seek ofEnglemil no
Issue small antes beyond the period allowed under the ex-
isting low.
Mr. RICARDO wished to toots whether the Bank of
Deglsoil should hove the power to issue one pound soles,
and whether private bankeis would he required to pay in
specie?
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER answered,
that the Bon k would have the power to issue Owe pound
lute*, If the Directors thought flt ; end the piivate banters
weld be allowed either to pay in Bank of England motes or
is the current coils of the realm.
Mr. H. GURNEY wished to know to what period the
power would extend?
The CHANCELLOR of eke EXCHEQUER mid, he
meant to propose that the Bill Omani be eismdstentnith the
esteution of the charter of the Bask of greglasod, uswiely, to
103, tied at the expiration of that period it would be, for the
Hawse to determine whether say sad what replotiost•-'
be adopted.

The Howie then resumed. The Report was Iworight op,
soda Bill war ordered to be broright is ageontiagly.
The other Orders of she Day were then dieorowed of, and
the Bosse adj • dat HALB-PdST ONE O'CLOCK.

MAJORITY AND MINORITY

POI ♦RD AGAIN/! MI 10IIN N gwvoives NOTION ON
ter mos *vows or saurno.—autio 19.

MAJORITY.
Animism, G. C. Dash's% R. Osborne, Sir G.
Apish', Lord Dee mlle. Sir C. Oninsansiey. Sir P.
Arbailanot,Rtlin.C.Fam, Vere Plankeit, Rt. Ho.W.
Alenader, J. Goa !hero, H. Peel, Right Hon. R.
Etowah*, C. Gifford, Sir R. Phipps, Hon. E.
Mahe, R. Hotheat, Lord Penteddeek, J. H.
Beemb, Sir U. Hushissos. Right Palmerston, Vi.e.
HaMmet, Lord P. Hen. W. Robison'', Rt. He. F.
3,Wlitlh J. Hill, Sir G. Somerset. Lord G.
Bernhard, Lord G. Holmes, W. Sondem, Vise.
&reared, Lord Hulloed, G. P. Skefliegton,Rt.HaJ
Dreekaoelt, Lord lone, John !iner, N.
Chetialey, Sir M. krieg, John Trench, Hon. F. W.
Csehhern, Sir G. Jones. John Vamittart, Rt. Ho N.
Campbell, A. tiler, Sir J. D. Villiers, RI. Ha.J C.
Copley, Sir .1. S. lima, Rt. Ha. Sir C. Wallace. Rt. Ho.T.
Cost, H... L Lowther, He. H. C. Wylie, C. W.
Cooper, It B. Lavaitie, Lord . Wilmot, R.
Chive, E. M. 'jades', Woo. H. Wilms* Tr. W. C.
Chichester, Sir A. Mamie, Sir T. H. Wvald/v4 J.
Calvert, John Narita, R. Werremdee, Mr G.
Deviant G. Maxwell, .1. W. Ward, 1t...
Draniasoarl, H. H. Bloody, G. Wyndham, W. W.
DvNtlass J- Meenagbten, R. A. 1 RIA.IIIIS:
Duvet* W. R. I. Noes., M. Clerk, Sir G.
Dodson, Mau N ightingale, Sir M. Lushiagtun, S. R.

MINORITY.
Bens', R. Ford, Matthew O'Grady, R.
Rangham, R. Grattan, .1. Phillips, G. juo.
Reesett, He. H.G. Graham, S. Price, R.
Remise, Deem Glenuichy, Vero Parnell, Sir H.
Gant, J. P. Power, R.
GrilPik, J. W. Palmer, C. F.
Hume, J. Robinette, Rif G.
Hutchinson, Hon. Ricardo, D.
C. H. Rowley, Me W.
Hull, Lord A. Robartir, 0.
James W. Mewert,W. (Tyree')
Kingtronsh,Vise. Smith, IL
blamer, R. Stailli, J.
F. Lamb, Hoe. G. Tintselleod, Lord C.
Lamed*, R. Wesel, Alikoree
. LIN NINA, T. B. Weaves, C. C.
rise. Mond, J. B. White, L.
Madill, J. Willman, W.
Illeigely, W. L. Miniboom., LC.
Mebefly, Jebel
Neirpeo, Rt. Mon. Tez.Leas.
C. Sr J. Cartel, Jebel
W. Noewheeby. Vise. Rise, T.
traria, St R.

1)7 I'R Atib

TO TH E EDITOR.

-

listt...That so means may be left vilified to obtals relief
front the existing distress, you are requested to town the
following at your earliest convenience.
The existing distress arises from the want of a profitable
market fur the sale of agricwlteral sod manufactured pro•

duce. This has arisen from the late rapid and extensive in-
troduction of the greatly.improved machinery for the
abridgment of manual labour. In consegnence, one man
can now, in some particular manufacture, execute as much
as several hundreds, or even thousands, could do fifty years
ago, but the natural consumption or weals of the man re-
' male the same.
The latest estimates which have been made @hew, that
within half a century, but chiefly within the last thirty years,
a sew power, derived from improved mechanism, and other
seams, has been brought into action, producing that which
heretofore was executed by manual labour. It is ascertained
by calculations which do not admit of any doubt, that lo one
Arsurck of one Manufacture, there are now employed 2410,000
persons, chiefly children, who perform each as muelc; !pith
the aid of the sew-improved machinery, as 120 could do I
few years since; consequently these 240,000 produce 11111, as
Much as 28,800,000 could formerly, although the wimp,.
lion of the 210,000 remains as at the former period.
It also appears from the moat extensive inquiries is the
various breaches of manufactures and agriculture, that t►e
aggregate of this new power introduced slime the ingestions
of Watt and Ark wright, into Great Britain alone, exceeds the
1111111111 labour of 350 millions of active labourers.
A sew power of producing has thus been put into action,
which, after it has been established and set to work, consomme
very little, and yet, as it executes much more than the whole
assnerd labour of the world could do half a century age,
the power of creating subsistence, whenever that pole?
shall be wisely directed, has gained on pops/anon as Affy
to one.

This revolution has been effected so silently and quietly,
as to be almost unouticed by those who direct the public
mind, lad it was most rapidly advancing during the whole
period whets Mr. Malthus was putting into circiclaticte his
celebrated work to prove that population must always press
emeuheterenca. It appears must probable, that until the
world shall be folly cultivated, policing abort of the groseeit
ismoronce and tyrosine, as ever agaie prevent subsistence
advancing far more rapidly thou pops/altos ender any pow
ethic i of the latter.
That lie whole pecuniary distress of civilised society
arises from the change which the late improvements in me.
charism have effected in the properties between prodecties
sod consumption, is evident her tie following coosider-
aliens :
As society lo sow conducted,lll bale sislosogeable value
of labour 114 constitutes the destridWe markets of the
world; there sever has been any other real ceche ugeable value
among Mankind, and coiaequently as the valise of labeer
risen or falls, morkets or demand kw:revises or diMinishes.
The extensive i•trodnetion of improved mechanism while
in progress, and until it fully supplied all the markets open
to general commerce,added to the value of labourby inereasieg
the demand fee it, and is the sage proportion was commer-
cial prosperity promoted. During this period there was ao
competition between improved twaehisery and manual labour.
As soon, however, as the markets opts to receive the predict.-
' Hues of the new ocientilie power were filled, human labour
teased to locresse in value, and from this period it aeciela-
tily diminished as the linpeovemeuto in science schianeid;
and exactly in the same proportion as manual labour dimi-
nished in exchangeable value, the demand or markets became
circumscribed.
By these procieedisgs the consumption of a large portion I
of mankind was restricted; they could purchase and common
only is proportion to tie diatioisited exchangeable value of
their labour.
It has betas estimated from the latest official returns and
other sources of information, that Europe sod the Americas
contain now above two hundred and tweet,' millions of
persons, that one-fifth are actual labourers or producers, and
that on au average each labourer supports three immediately
dependant upon himeeed indirectly one of the higher classes.
One.fiftb of tin millisbris44 millions, the value of whose
labour now conatitilia ibis' real markets of Europe and the
Americas.
During the late war be exchangeable value of this labour
amounted to a given sum, and to elucidate the argument,
let it be estimated at 121, per week, or 1,972 millions and a
frsctiou per ammo. This sum of 1,379 millions consiiiut•
ed the aggregate amount of the lieropeas sad Ameciean
starketr, when manual labour was at the highest exchange-
able *Slue during the late war.
, After the couclusion of the war the whole labour of Eu-
, ler sad the Americas fell to exchangeable value in proper-
ties as the peace expenditure of the belligerents became less
than the war expenditure. And it afterward. diminished as
improved mechanists and other sclerotic power were in-
creased, and came into competition with manual labour.
In consequence of three champs, chick Were most rapid,
the world became distressed; ad la Ascii. proportion as
they advanced the ezeit.ingeable value of 11.1110111 ii labour dr-
, creased, until it has now fall's full one-third, or from 12s.
to Is, per week, or from 1,372 millions to 91b millions per
annum, audMas,erbripable value of manual labour is daily
decreasing. •
Ulrike this Amory owe of three measures must be adopt-
ed or permihei: lht, A stop most be' litimediately 'OW to
any further mechanical improventeute,•nd alerts Sart of the
machinery now at work must be destroyed; or, 2dly, Under
$ perpetual Increase of vice and misery, the world moat be
gradually allowed to be depopelated by essay thermos& of
our fellovr-creaturea, boletlylOicidically stiffen(' to perish by
famine; or, 3illy, A gnsAisal alterattoo must be erected i•
the commercial systems to sash of an unlimited progress
is ocientille improvemeeta, and alto a change from the
• pretreat igooraut wifeliness to aa enlightened piaci* of
self-interest, by which all shall derive important benellte.
Polities, economises have Imagined that • there Is some
necessary eossisrxiis between the bets/Grist eobsomption of
mankind and their powers of production. Ulm' *autism.
tiess, however, it W ill be fused that there is no austral cow
segir.o whatever between theol--ilie one depends ow the
wants of Mankind, which arc limited; the olbor on ea in-
crease or impirsierige, sad the ionis;oremeats derived from
'deuce, whicil en ralinfied.
The estates pecuniary distress arises solely ?resells/ ratite
sad Ow/ otterwpse whlels• titre been made to reader these
pis, lly.sa sreangemesta; mast to melt webrie '
The caameTAbstaisiir*tild barsag been tinelord, the

going forward at the LosideuTaittira for the relief of the Irish;
•ould soon tail to satisfy waste width would increase is pro•
portion to the @emit?. Fortunately rot society, the only
permanent relief which can be afforded mast be through the
industry of those who ate in waist ; all attempts on any other
principles will be fossil to increasti the evil Having steer•

. .
mined that them are milkiest }ewers to create abundastly
for dl, whatever Way he dm fweerars of their *umber, and
that the present cumniercial arraugentents, wiwc► grew out
of quite difereut circuasstaar.", will not admit of these
powers being applied to create abundantly for all, it is
now necessary that °thee arrangements should be formed
which *ill admit such as ispplicatius of theta, and enable
each by his own indastry, and besslcially fur all,

to partake of his fair proportion of the*.
These sew mechanical powers, which seder the present
system are becomes curse to wianklod, aed if not otherwise
directed will speedily reduce Abe majority of the working
classes to perish with hosier, might now be so applied, by
easy practical orramremeals, as to enable every mau to pro-

•ide fur himself and featly la health, comfort, sad cup,-
ment.

All parties are therefore called upon to lend a belplog
hand, tjut the work of death may be staid in Ireland without
farther delay, The middle and lower classes, who will, after
the present poor are killed off, be the nest victims to the
error of ilie. present measures, roast bestir themselves to se-
cure their own existence. The upper classes, who are not
sad esussol be szpeoted to tie mess of bo.inesi, do not under-
stand the practical measures which can alone relieve society
Not its present difficulties. They look to charities of earl-
..

own kinds to remove this, that, and the other evil among the
poor, and by dlreetiog the public attention perpetually to re-
lief by peessiary sacrifieit, they injure themselves, degrade
MO oppress the poor, by making them ones and more depen-
dent on eleemosynary aid. In consequence, if the peedent
temporary Irish pecuniary charities ere mot immediately
followed up, and some arrangerrient to give permanent em-
ployment to the labourer, by which he eta support himself
and family, by his owis industry, the poor who caosot
again, soder the premed system, ever lied employment,
most claim from those who are now wealthy, mail fksy also
'4411 hive nothing left. The waters are hourly advanciag—
' the lower claim* are drowniag-.4it• middle are up to their
necks, sod the epiiir NON, w.Lskase deep. The only
question is, shell thlti torrent be maid, or shall it over-
whets society?

Again this Mighty classes ors tolled mien to relieve
t►e touleitode of t►eir fellow-creosotes, who are on the

:7;

/mist of perishing fee want of food ; not because they can.
sot create it in abendaece, but because the upper classes
sad the wealthy have lot allowed they to crimes it;
for there is west a man wooer those who are sow upon the
point of jaerielidei with hunger itM fielded, who, if be wee.
properly directed, could not easily raise food sad fill sub.
sistenee for himself Oast twisty of hers, and that, too, without
the sacrifice of sem shilling from any one. This could' be
Iseasediately deutinetrated at the bar of both Booms of
lyarliantent.
eaMiet be that the higher closers understand the protest
ittlete of •oeiety ; if they did, it is impossible theyceuld proceed
in they do. They have Ewen lad astray from a rallateal view of
the subject by the tootelebrated thl,ory of Mr.1164‘ 4e ; they
have been taught to believe, sod, unfortunately forthre poor,
to act upon the belief, that it is a law of nature that prelada.
tion must at all times press spoo subeleteittee; and tile wild
theory, for wild it is, they have irogertilktalloirrif, while
millions of facts have daily present Migijoelves to demou.
state, that, while the present system moolieses, all the suf-
ferings of metaled must arise from the excess of production
overrunning population; for the more rapidly the popula.
lion increases, fire greeter will be the excess of production
A high respect must be eatertained for Mr. Malthus, by all
who have the pleasure of his personal acquaintance, and no
one can doubt the sincerity sad purity of his motives; Oat
examine his theory, and °boric the existing facts : pM
did population increase faster this in the last ten Yours?
At shot period ban subsisteuce, sod the means of still
further increasing it, so far outstripped the progress
of population? Canoed one ass oftw,oith the aid of the
powers newly acquired from science, peodsseesilicient of
alf fats necessaries "PO to maintain! Is iretteitasefort him.
self and twenty milers? Let it be put to the teal of expe-
deice, and practical men are ready to dentoartrate this
truth. And if this be so, then are the doctrines taught by
Mr. Malthus, and entertaiwed by those who direct public
opinion and public affairs, the cause, sad the oily canoe of
the agricultural distress in this commie', mild of the daily
murders which ars indicted from the wing of food in
Ireland.

With the linoerliedge which I peewee (gained by long en.
-periesoe and as aseeasing perseversoce), were I longer Is
withhold these sentiments I should cossider myself an airlift,
art and part, is belly looking on, sad therefore an earl:
ble as if I wefil an attire egret Io murderieg my (silo's.
creatures, Mid' from there the mean, of sop.
porting their easiest,. Away the, with these theories, ems:
tradieted by all •faits I Relief for tbe safferiociriliblesi
base; ready /sr immendiate appliihilett, all' t:t;
enough to put lb* diagnosed country in • state of g
improviag prosperity in a few .outs..
Art the lighwritlaiwes in earnest when they express
sire to rellulithe Ilboltriag post ?
be afraid to investigate say plan &waded up. fp 104 ;ups,
rience, to sift it to the bottom, and to do so at the bar at
both Hoven of Purllintest, where, if there' beeireir or
Or defect of any kind Ti gibe tea, it ofU ce.eout, and
country will be satiolled'llutt Leglslstare bas.dottsill
duty.
• And while so many are perishing from hunger, soialsit
abort of this ought to courinee the country that if SIN
done its duty. I thus stake an open aid' direct typist to
the Legislature, with whom she change proposed might to
easiest., aid Nader Whose wisidor it ought to be lists.
doted late prettier. Should this application fail, tbe only
measure wig& 'Missies to prevent the Immediate ascriSci
of many thousands of ladattrions poor; is to make on
opeu and direct appeal to the middle sad workbag clauses
who, sithosgb in a toeger time, will hi fully calepcleut, by a
pesombie cooloet, mod their own foods sod industry, pro-
perly twit teat sad sided by improved mechanist, to pro.
vole is boelth sod corded abundantly fur themselves and
• fastiliee, avid to orsotribste their far prop/Ilion to ••
es tgeseies of the State.
It in, brurever' the istereel of
of thirbigher eirreses, Ass BR el
forma/din the proposed ameliorates
pidly adistoolog whets their ailiatestu
ease, sad le se valued.

,*.

• •.
ettorled money mold Vedette pat". It h.*. be,:
regretted that many of them are -tko Isola
Moses Anton, end had taken the beneet die
Amnesty.
loatos4, MAW WE
Tise rebel Rambla has aPPattraFl at P•6lB.gaith
43 men, and we learn that his numbers are increasing.
yaLarctA, JAIMig t.
The citadel was taken yesterday morning ht the
militia and the baltalioa of Zamnra. Tbe.
artillery men who bed defended themselves its ,e
were taken. The other individuals of thg. ciirps
have gone in three coluuins to illicant,Cartbagens.
and Peniscols.
'tea. AT V.

The affair is much more serious than A appears.
We must calculate that the whole mouistainuue
country is in a flame, which cannot be extinguished
without great and extraordinaryineans.
We want an activity like that id' Napoleon, both
to make head against the Italians, ■ud to exter-
minate their powerful and secret friends. I say se-
cret, breams, they have not taken the field, but they
are well known.—f Madrid Papers, Jim 6.)

. ROYAL GARDENS. VAUXHALL.
THE WELLINGTON FETE having Owen
such mavens! siiisfactio• to a brilliant astrobbie.
till be repeated THIS EVENING, FRIDAY, June 21,
whoa the Gardens will be illuminated is the same splendid

insieser they were on Wednesday len/. The wonderful
prodigy, the Junior Longisemare, will go Ihroagb his sot-
Frilling evolutions on the Tight Rope, ai is Sarqiii, which
eAraaseeeasMaished and deligbled every person who has wen his.
The Firs Works, by Signor Mortram, will be we the mate
grand scale as on the preceding Evenings, and which greatly
burps" soy preceding years.
Derr to be opted at Half-eat Seven —Coacert bights
at. leiglll....4diwitleace Se. Ad.—Sappet Boxes say be en.
Rated ea ,411 dot befogs, sad os the easing@ of the Gel&
Nißkts.
Free Admissions for the single Nights or for the Season
say be purchased of Mr. Warren, Bookseller, 19, Old
Bead-street ; Mr. Sams, Bookseller, corner of IR. Jaime's,
street; Mr. Feriae's, Mnsic-seller, 'lB, &road ; seri at tbe
011iceof the London Wine Convey, 141, Fieeereet.

THE BRITISH PRESS.

LONDON.

FRIDAY. Julie 21, 1822.

A Flanders mail arrived last night with Papers t•
the ISlth inst. The following a►s extracts :

IMUSIIISLS, JUNI 17.
The Countess of Gothland (Queen of Sweden)
arrived this morning verkearly from Paris. She
is going to Aix.la.Chapelle to meet her son Prises
Oscar.
Lord Kinnaird arrived here yesterday frost
Lot.don.
The Court of Assizes at Treves, by a sentence
delivered on the 9th instant, has declared M. Pe
Formic, merchant of Cologne, guilty of the mur-
der committed in his cellar on the person of W.
Coenen, in the night of the 9th November. 1816,
sod has condemned him to death.
A new division of emigrants, chiefly from tits
-ewssnteies on the ook:;oos f. ir....kfort
the 4th instant for Holland, where they will embark
for Brasil. They amount to 120 persons of both
sexes, who take with them their whole property.
• Letters from Italy, of the sth Jane, soy. that is
tne Congress which is to be held at Florence iu the
month of September next, it will be proposed to
introduce constitutional forms of government into
several States of Italy.

FUGUII.JUNI
SECOND CHAMBER OF THE STATES GENERAL-
A royal menage was read, accompauyiog a pro-
, ject of law relative to the memo. of seni►ely filliog
op the deficiency in the revenue, sod of providing
for all the urgent wants of the public treasury.
, The following are extracts from his Majetty's
,g000ge:--

-
41 OMR AXD MIONTT Leraos--Yrrar High Mightiamem
have requested us to re•eoasider the proposal addressed 1111
pour Assembly by us on the 30th of faanary last. for dm
purpose of providing for tbs orrears, sad of weelieg Alvin
extraordinary expenses.

- -
" As this proposal, the remit of two years' neater* lkii=
beration, tended not only to realise them Views without soy
. sew hordes to the nation, bet flea t• emir* be it veal Sid-
ssatsges, we were persuaded, aad w es din; is
resold hays fulfilled this object, sad oto AO 'Nays fork
great satisfaction that this pieposal WA s iiirolkd soon
the acts of our reiis, as s 111114161 Ilistliatorey or our
solicitude for the interest and *Woes firma aohjicia.
4. You/ High Migbti IMAM wiU•berehreihe sear persesiait

that we have learned with As west thole mess they sweets
of year drlibrratioes sa tiejs pifinsal. !NO seas. • visit
port d time &steering hors Is ye h.?bLe Re halt sea-
seised, isipeeting the stieiiieme ilte kisEdsi,,
sod which we cossessideateittei Sassetil is sor lots.
' 'sage of the MI6 of May Wl!°
QM Majesty theit a:pleases his regret that les is *Ward
iteMebiwtitate Gamma moues for sock 4* esolehi keys ham
01"1111!“1.41h subs i /flit tzlillwee, /WI," 4. 4 I*o •
rr44.1 ,
_rots t,,b.ll
minnow if liapis has schtal.debt; oh/4
,willietearm
'tl•o4l6o6l4'aillisit6rtiVor 4704 iiiv-114:
6atetmatplifatitra td Mkjeliej.to
*ft* tubipkvllmieit be daseisheel hot • lew amps efipiesl.6
Iwo es Obis ; Ml,Whiell'lrit'Pbblhillel44o
for 1160 'MIRO **wt. •114 TOM 4.•
IM PIMA ghee, fits otitis
lei lady ytsemeposu
• Joss 7'.
-

MAT S.
#.l b,:,:..4lleitkikie
MP"
111sies IfIS.

i• fierner. Dia.
list Browse' 3.
beg Beam, 3.
rs, bodoevoreth, 3.
rew• Cower', Thomas
lowi Oft's, Lord
P••. CoMime, W. R.
• Coe, Sir C.
meal Ghat, N.
kw& Callow, H... I
rOl. Cafe. J.
Pe. Coldowoo, Mr N.
OM aosesosos, Viot.
lOW °grease., . Hos. T.
owl 011 y. J.
110,1 Ehematime, Via.
ow 211**, Ed.
of" /equals. air R.
Olt VII WI kidjard I
Id; • F'4•417. LAS C.

IMMEDTArIt ANI) PERMANEN?6
deQl eft
.144 itsenient sone
RELIEF FOR THE IRISH,
ffle tz . rem 114'1 "I"
WHO ARS NOW PRRISHIRO FOR THE WANT OP -
~,•71,814/V Wit Med.
FOOD, WHICH. WITHOUT THR AID Or AST • lit !SESIt/Atilteee wiiiijeoeseas
CHARITY. THEY MAT EASILY PRODUCE POI s oaken ir epee I ii'necessarfs it life, en efinelity of
THEYSRLYIS. misery alone ernaltl he trEsted. Stich a deeesure es the one

The Core of Bedell beat eQftelloiested.tedrke
CoggfficreAoß.fi!!.folfiegra,SlCed3l64o4"Cd W. Pis
b~ wed of
.retrmiki itily:Fist pence, en aceoutd due
pgivese`probibitOry eyptiin.
The ehetNiimmila iseiegarei toe
advildieerius l•to 'SviNeetedillie erlifkileeeeeea
Alit.sest Die*.