The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-01-07 00:00:00

THE NEW AMERICAN STATES.

The great measure which has at length been adopted Lv
his Majesty's Government, of making commercial treaties'
with certain of the South American States, while it answers
the just expectations of the whole British Einpire, C4ll ix.
cite no surprise in foreign Cabinets.
It is now nearly twelve montlis since his Majesty, in the
speech which was delivered by the Lords Commissioners ti,
both Houses of Parliament, used the following language
upon the subject:—
" With respect to the Provinces of America which have deelset4
their separation from Spain, his 31arestj's conduct has beets rim
and consistent ; and his opinions have been at all times frankly
avowed to Spain and to other Powers.
" His :Majesty has appointed Consuls to reside at the prineirj
porta and places of those Provinces, for the protection of the tea,.,
'Allis subjects.
" As to any further measures, his Majesty has reserved to hirr,.
self an unfettered discretion, to be ex:wised es the circumstancist
those countries and the jute:este of his own people may appear
his Majesty cc require."
At a stilt earlier period (the 31st March. 1823) the lame
language was hold. In Mr. Canning's letter to Sir Challis
Stuart, of the above date, wu the following paragraph:—
'• With respect to the Provinces in A.nicriu which have home,
off their allegiance to the Crown of Spam, time, and the course t
events, appear to have eulrstamially decided their separation (me;
the mother country ; although the formal recognition of those
Province% as inqependent States, by his Majesty, may be hasten':
or retarded by various external eireunistar.ces, as well as by the
more or less satisfactory progress in each State towards a regular
and settled form of government. Spain has burg been &sere tit jet
Majesty's opinions upon this subject."
Again, in Mr. Canning's despite]. to S:r W. A'con,t,
dated the Foreign Office, Jan. 30, 1,424, the ,nest unre-
served communication was made of the policy which ore
Government had prescribed to itself with regard to South
America.

" As to any further step," observes Mr. Canning, in ore r 1
an,
to be taken by his Majesty towards the acknowledgment to the
defireto Governments of America. the decision must (as has ahead.
been staled, more than once, to Spain and other Powers) depera
awn various circumstances, and, among others, upon the reports
which the British Government snort receive of the octal state et
affairs in the several American provinces.
" But it appears manifest to the British Government that if si
large a portion of the globe shnuld remain much longer without
any recognised political existence, or any definite political connexion
with the established Governments of Europe, the comequences td
such a state of things must be at once roost enobaerassing to
those Governments, and most injurious to the interests of all
European nations.
" For them reasons, and not from mere views of selfish policy,
the British Gwyn nment is desidedly of ochiiin., that the rmoznition
of such of the new States as have estah'i,lied. ik facto, their ,eparate
political existence, cannot be much longer delayed."

The whole of tl.ese documents were laid upon the table
of both houses of Parliament, and consequently have been
long before the public.
Such has been the frank, consistent, and steady course
of Ministers upon this momentous subject ; a course which
must at once protect the British Government against the
suspicion of having hail any purpose to conceal from Spain
or from the world. Our intentions have been explicitly
declared from the first; and the execution of them was
made contingent upon two events only—the actual condition
of the South American Stater, and the interests of his 31a-
jesty'a subjects.
With respect to the former, if we look at the present
situation of Men.ieo and Colombia, it must be admittest
that both these States afford convincing evidence of their
stability. In Mexico, we have seen :he enterprise of her.
bide 'slushed with as little difficulty as if he had landed
upon the coasts of France to effect the overthrow of the
French Government. An anomalous and heterogeneous
Constitution bas been replaced by one, which, in all its es-
sential forms' Stalls.
resembles that of the United Stas. The
Government has been regularly installed, by the public
voice, obtained in a due mariner from the various Pro-
vinces constituting the Mexican State. A President and
Vice-President have been elected ; the Cortes assemlded;
tranquillity restored and maintained ; and all the functions
of a duly-organised Government are carried on without
interruption.
The case, with regard to Colombia, is still stronger. We
find there a regniar and settled form of Government, which
has subsisted for severs! years under the same head, and
with the same institutions, modified only, front time m
time, as practical improvements suggested themselves in
their internal adiniuistration. It is true, that the war in
Peru has not yet been attended by any decisive result ;
hut its progress, hitherto, has been such as not only to
remove any fear which might have been e nrertain. a with
reap, ct to its being carried into the Colombian territory
itself, but, also, td furnish the strongest grounds foe cal-
culating upon final success.
Thus, with respect to Mexico and Colombia, the firs
condition which his Majesty's Government revireel, as a
motive to recognition, is fully completed. These States
have made that satisfactory prof/nes towards a regular and
settled form of government, which was a necessary prelimi-
nary to the concluding of tiny relations between them and
tu. The time has arrived, when the recognition of their
separate political existence could no longer be delayed.
'flue time, too, has certainly arrived, when, to use the
language of his Majesty's Speech at the opening of the last
Session of Parliament, " the interests of his owu people"
have imperiously called for this measure. The commer-
cial transactions between this country and South America
generally, but more particularly with Buenos Ayres,
Mexico, and Colombia, are extensive, and rapidly increas-
ing. A vast amount of British capital is endatked in
various channels of enterprise, as relates to those countries.
The great Mining Companies that have been established
for the workins of mines in Colombia, in Mexico, and the
La Plata provinces—the pearl fishery in the first of these
States—and other undertakings, which it is unnecessary to
recapitulate—constitute a mass of British interests too im-
portant, in every point of view, to remain without that
protection which will necessarily grow out of the relations
now about to be established.

It is obvious, therefore, that this great measure could
no longer be delayed, consistently with the principlts by
which our Government had, from the first, avowed its
detertaiustien to be guided ; and the sdcption of it is to
be regarded only as the necessary consequence of those
principles.
An official communication of this decision has, we un-
derstand, been made to all our Allies through our Ambas-
sadors and Jiinisters at their respective Courts.
With respect to the mode of carrying it into efFect, little
requiees to be said. Mr. Warde will proceed immediately
toldexico, with full powers to himself and to Mr. Morier.
who is already there, to conclude a commercial treaty with
that lboveniment. Colonel tkimpbell, in like manner, will
return to Ctlimbia, and, in conjunction with Colonel Ifs-
=ikon, who is still at Bogota, will proceed to uegociate
with the Colombian GGverinnent a ' 'lar treaty of coin-
ureic

With respect to Buenos Arres, we understand that, at a
period anterior to the recent Cabinet deliberations npon thy
Ilubject of Meld,* and Colombia, measures had been adopt-
ed calculated to lead to similar results, and we should nut
he surprised to find our commercial relations with the L.
Plata Provinces ratified before those can be which have
been entered into with Colombia and Mexico.

It msy be nercsuarv, in conclusion, as we have heard
some doubts expressed upon the saject, to read to the re-
collection of our readers what we stated as far back as the
stoth of last August. ti'e then observed, that the "osiy
formality that would be gore through whenesa we slid
recognise these States, would be the negotiation of a com-
mercial treaty. For that purpose a Minister Must be ap-
pointed. lit that alone will consist the act of recognition."
Courier.

Hia Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland left Hano-
ver on the day before Christmas Eve, to return to Berlin,
by wav of Brunswick. His Royal Highness intended to
be at Berlin on Christmas Day.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer came to town yester-
day from Beckenham. Mr. Plano, the Under-Secretary
of State for the Foreign Department, transacted basun:to:
with the Right Hon. Gentleman
.yesterday.
The New England and Anti-Galliesw Coffee-houses.
Threadneedle-street, are to be thrown into one splendid
coffee-room, under the denomination of the North and
South American Hotel, where every publication and infor-
mation relative to the rising Republics will he regular:a
filed. We understand this nxtemave establishment will be
conducted by five resis..etable merchants as a committee.
and by Mr. Davies, the present proprietor of the New
, England Coffee-house.

4*

. ~...~'

}

_~

GERMAN PAP!...—RS.
Bmstx, Dec.?T.
The Frtates of the Grand Duchy of Tladen will be again 'aitsem.
veil. A communication of the highest importance to the Grand
rally will he made to them, namely, that of the convention con_
(Judea ,ith the ancient Nobility of the empire, by which they Pee
up to the finite the patritnoolal jorisdicion allowed them ly the
Act of the Confederatinn. We are indebted to our two blittilvera,
Soon Berated and Berkhelm, who have done so many services to
(„T country, for having caused negotiations to be set on foot with
all the medist:sed Nobility r.f the empire in the Grand Duchy of
Bairn, by which they have conferred an inestimable benefit on the
matry. But we must also do the Nobility the justice to say, that
er have, in the most patriotic manner, met tie wishes of the Go.
"foment.
SwiEEEßLaxri, DEC. 24.
re Federal Direc•ory has informed the Cantonal Governments,
that in conformity • ith the resolution* of the Diet, the Grand
thichy of !laden had been invited to resume the ncgociations for
the treaty of Mmmtrte, to replace that which expired two years
ago; that the Ministry of Carlaruhe have signified their readiness
to open negotiations and to send Commissioners to the frontier
town effiwitserlsod, anti at the time that they shall he appointed. The
breetery therefore invites the a:nutting to send any itforinatian
wh.rh may serve as a foundation for the instruction of the Swiss
o,oittierstion. The same Commissioners arc named as were ap-
t rioted to negotiate with Wirtemberg, and Schaffhausen is chosen
for the Otte of conference. The Commissional will agree with
those ef Baden on the time of their meeting.—Frairbfort Papers,
EOth &wrier.
V/LUICA. DEC. 30.
bletalliquesi 911- Bank Shares, 1147--Aratrian Observer.