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5 00

ON 7'116 DOCTRINE oF CoIvTAGION

1N THE PLAGUE.

(Continued fro= our Paper of yesterday
.Irereurtj, 17 die Martaj, 1819.
Bir JOHN JACKSON, 114rourt, iu the Cbair.

Dr. lamrs Johnubn's sraisination co:tanned.

Du you mean precauliosi with respect In condo ?—Yea ; I
should think that the free exposure of packages, eveu if pot
open. would be sulheirost..

. -
What do you mean by free exposure; because if they are
out opened. him are they capable of it ?—1 will put ■n in-
stance: a box of opium may come from Turkey; I do not
see the toroidal:li of uprising that, soul exposing each cake uf
the etintents. I take that as a single article.
But confine yourself to silk and cotton ?—To bele goods
it would be judietous to expose them as freely as possible.
Without the universal exposure of Ike package, 'Mould
you think it safe. supposing it bad been infected ?—lf it were
supposed to be infected, limn very free ventilation cud ex-
posure should be used ; bat I think it in rather within the
range of possibility than probability, that, under ordinary
circumstance'', the emitagino should be brought to this
country by articles of cargo.
Is it nut as likely that the seat of infection should he in
the interior part, as iu the untsiilz?--No, I think 11101; be-
cause the exterior towering may pass through a prat mauy
places, anal he expuSeal to various sources of lufediou, where
Ike interior could nut.

Exposed to the counteracting rouse ?—Cerlainly.
)(that is the ease, the outside being prior and at all times
exposed to ike air, costume •entilation would prevent Wee.
tioo on the Goode?—it nowt probably would.
me saute mule you adopt for purification would entirely
operate es a preventive?—Yes; but suppose infected serious
on board, WIWIC there are packages) the extesior of the..

Should you not, in that ease, enneider 100 years sufficient
to give n recurrence of all the possible cycle• of comhine.
lion?—Yes, certainly ; in all probability sloth ...institution
of the air would return in that period ; hut then the mean*
now taken in quarantine might 'nevem the introduction of
the entitagii%it at such particular jimeturea.
Contidering that no personal case of plague has occurred
in the lax hem's, for massy year■, do you consider these
erdablishistents to have been the rinse why tie plague has
not appeared tit Great Britain?—lt is a very difficult thing
to answer that question. I think lie great probability is,
that no Werth's', or very little, wa+ h glut ; and if it was
brotien, it may have hue,, in so slight a degree as to have
been dissipated by Ilse mean* used; the probability is, that
It seldom or ever rerehes this country. I have not au Intl.
male knowledge of tlitt means used in quarantine; but
suppose they are exposure to the air, and such other memo
as cumuton p.udznce mould dictate.
As you conceive the infection, supposed to be introduced
in the bite,. of Bloods, is... introduced by the persons parking;
is it not your opinion that the internal part is more likely
in have infeeti gggg than the nutside!—lf any of the interior
part comet within the range of infection, 'boring its passage
or !liana:it-lure. it would certainly be more liable to retain
it in the interior than in any variant part of the package.
From all the riseurnsinnees. tin you think the internal part
more likely to be infected than the external part rather
think not.

Do pill consider the atmosphere to hare any operation on
rt 111 l in packages
I mean 11w atmosphere where the plagne exists?—]{as mil
the gent ral at phi re; the atmosphere of an iodide/ nob
is a different thing ; but the general aautosperarialinimil pl-
iably infect gond*.
_ _ _

The it the infection prodneed by goods, most be pennant
bundling ?-15y coming within the range of exhalation front
infected matter. If an infected bed is in the house, and if a
bale of goods was laid on a bed where contagion existed, it
might he infected. The local atmosphere of a house or
room might be impregnated by the effluvia of an infected
bed or pl rum, and that might comminsicate infection, but
ant the general atmosphere of the town.
Then you consoler the general atmosphere to have no con-
cern in the contoitinication of infection ?—Not its the gout-
ration of it, but in iucteAsing its activity, or lessening its
(spree.

Have yon any particular circumstances to adduce as proof
that the plaque is contagious or infections ?—I have: first,
the authority of those who have written without bias on the
stshkci ; for instance Russel, and most of those oho have
amen it. Secondk, its being ass eruptive di is in favour
of its kiting contagious; because we know that all eruptive
diseases arise from specific contagions, or poisons as they
are called ; buboes add carbuncles are as commonly sects in
the plague as pustules in she small-pox.
Do hoboes and carbuncles come tinder the description of
erupt. s—Yee ; the same as that of scarletius, or pus.
lutes its the smallpox.
Is typhns ?—Typhils is not an eruptive disease.
Then you mean those disorders that medical trims call
Fmauthemata ?—Yes.

Yon hare beets a considerable lime in varn►u parts of
In.' .?—Yes.

lAt you consider the maliennia fevers, Incident to Tritt-
ennialre, Ittisivia, and Diamond flarininr, to he a class new
luguns to the plague, as it exists in Turkey, kypt, and in
the African dates?—Na; I consider them to Ist totally dif-
ferent its their nature wall causes.

Do you believe thst these violent epidemics in India, de.
prod fur their origin omits the miasmata exhaling from the
marshy soils of these regions; or nre they communicated

by contagion from the morbid so the anund-bodies of imeo ?
—They are dependent principally upon the miasmata, which
miasmata are intim:need by the stale of the atmosphere,
and the diseases are not in their own nature etuttarsous ;
but, under particular states, as from accumulation of filth
and want of ventilation, they do occasionally annum a con-
tagions character.

101•1 you believe the epidemic distempers sod ilyienteries
of particular climates am contagious, under any Mecum.
*latices ?—I knew as iustaime of simple ilyseutery beiug
contagious ; hot epidemic fevers may sometimes become so.
consider that allows, whether originally contsgiors or
not, stay botanic su by She patients being too muck mowded,
by waist of cleanlioese or wart of ventilation.
Have you experience of West India epideuiimi?—Yes.
Do you believe them to be err totirtto ! I believe the re.
mittens and what are called Yellow fevers, more properly
called Endemic fevers, are not contagious.

have you had experience of the fevers that prevaiksl at
Malta and Gibraltar iv-4 was at Gibraltar in 11300, bat the
fever was nut epidemic then; there were sporadic eases,
which 1 Considered as of local origin; they were produced
by causes generated in the surface of die rock, and Straw
spheric causes, not imported.
Define chat is lIICA I{ I by the term sporadic ? —Wandering
cows. not generally epidemic; • case happe•iug here and
there in a family.
Do you believe the plague to be a contagious d'se•se
communicahle by the effluvia of diseased bodies being ap.
plied in d persons, indepelident of local circumstances?
—Yes, 1 do, even under those cireasinstaucer, iudependeut of
any atmospherical or adventitious
'What are the means and (Weiler...antes mast favourable
to the diffusion of •riasmata?—Heat and moisture.

May not epidemic direttses, unite, Certain circumstances
become colitsigiuus? —They way; that is proved by the
epidemic fewer* of this conotry at this airinstiiit. Which are
produced in many instances by atiransplseric and terrestrial
isillueore at first, bat propagated afterwards by toetagiett.
I cousider the exbalatinsw of the earth as *flew combiaiag
with certain Matcs of the air to produce rpidewlit fevers.
Take the eseverse; de yew that say roetrigiests
disorder email.. sego 3-No; I believe that
what may be celled as entgairs asegaiore, as seeallipo,
oseaslrri or plague, cutiotstise 1.1110116.00113 they mast

Do you eoneeke that certain quality is the air ii sere♦.
gory to bring forth the latent cuutagion ; do you considir
that, in the great plague in the reign of Edward 111., which
spread over country seer country, and it:airiest off three-
fourths of the inhabitants of Europe, the climate. shifted;
if from the year Ib7o to 166, there was a perpetual recur.
truce of plague in Englead, do you consider it probable
that the more quality of the sir could have been over Eiig.
land duriag a oratory ?-.ll'ith reopett to the first versions,
the disease was probably produced by an epldeMie isitlisence,
which will occasionally trevejoround the whole globe ; for
ibit•oee„ is 1802, there was as hillocks over most of the
Herald. There was a fever is lsdia * Ikw years age which
travelled nearly 1,000 walks, gradually esteisdiuw itself is
the direction of the nsonsuon, from near Cape Cormorie I.
the banks of the Carvers,, sod sweeping off 10,000 people.
Thiii took • considerable lime to travel from one port to
souther; but went la the direction of the monsoon, affect-
iag one district after another. That 1 consider ait.eiss epi-
demic influence which 1 cannot •cement for, excepting by
peculiar states of earth sod sir; it was 11.4 ante/loos from
individual to individual, lost something in the air, which
produced a general epidemic fryer from south to north. 1
think it was some epidemic iutluessee of ibis kind that spread
over Europe; but from the time it happened, the &strip-
fissile ate win minute; I hardly euusider it the plague of the
present day,
Do you consider that climates ehangel-1 do; 1 thidk
there are periodical changes, irregular In their returns, bat
bringing • constitotioa somewhat similar to former Periods.
This was the opinion of Syskuhsiss, and is entertaiued by
many at this moment.
Do yes consider these changes as productive of disorders?
—Certainly; and I think there are scarcely two epidensits
preeiselt alike in their nature.
Du you consider the plague of 166 to have bees the re-
gular true Levant plague ?—I should think it was, and par-
ticularly from the eruption of hoboes, which is the out! cri.
terion ; the febrile phenomena in plague and oilier fevers,
may be similar; the erupt ious are the only sure distioctions.
Did yhu ever know buboes and carbasiiikil to appear in
cases of typhus fever?—Glands suppurate sometimes, but
very rarely; they are only except' to general rules;
whereat' in tree plague, the eruption of buboes ur carbon-
etc. is yearly as common as postales iu the small-pox.
Dees every body who has the plague, also have it attended
with carbuncles or buboes?—Not invariably; but perhaps
6 out of 100 base elliptic's,s of one kind or other, Euless
the patients die in the first stage of the disease, previously
to the eruption (while's is I think a sanative start of nature),
or where nature is not ultimately able to bring Out Ike erup-
tion, emu in protracted cases.
It appears that the plague was, at least, frequently recur-
rent in England fur the greater part of a century, previous
to 1065; in the year 160 h it is mentioned by • familiar
writer, to be so prevalent, that houses were marked with a
crows, and the words sitiserere nsikl written oat then' to pee.
vent persons front 'airtime them; be particularly nontioss
the plague *pole; would not that be a proof of the similari-
ty bf the plague to the Leant plague ?—lt is a difficult
thing to give a ikeideil answer; where it k nteiC ed that
they had the tokens, them were probably buboes ur carbon.
etre ; with respect to the spots, there is some difficulty in
shaking Sp hoes mind as to what they Meant, they might
mean petechi.

Vevutris, 19 die Marlij, 1819.
Sr JOHN JACKSON, Barouet, is the Char.
Gladstone ealkd fa, and 'maimed.

You are a practitioner in @medicine ?—.Surgeon to the
Naval Asylum at Greenwich.
Are yeti at-unsnap.) with the disease 'envied plartle is the
Levant, sod Ike aral..gion ascribed to it, and what is your
opiariou thereof ?—1 was at Constautinuple in 1806 and 18117;
mad crawl hiving been then surgeon rains Majesty's ship the
Borlysnion, I there mew MINI diorama' of the plague, sod a
great variety of Asiatic fevers, highly isifectious.
Was the plague at the time Mgiog ?—blo; there is al all
times snore or law plagde there.
At what time of the year?—lt was in December, January,
rehrimary, and March, prior to the forciug of the Dalian:lns.
Wilt )rie describe to she Comnsitte, the lthaesetevirties of
the plague?-1t is a disease attemultd by amlias prattrathro
of strength sod spirits, great apprehensiso, and assay symp.
to.. of a Malignant type. Frotti the little appesheistrio the
Greek physleiaos I saw have le come is. awed with U'.
plume I was led to feel she palm if theft Federate, which
I did with tooldderahle apprehmelolt. lid oad eUtsider the
phlgoo nano matagious from anima than listoogio tbe ms.
Mom of the Musireptiere.
Mat was tbeecrusegitamol-.4 so bid etiosigoasess.
Maw matey plates pimiento do yea sopplie Oro Mt the
puha of sat three, sod took arportealtias of visitieg
thew *roast limits.
How was their poise ?—aVeey laisk asiltaU, fropentl7 al-

. or