The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-05-10 00:00:00

1‘

3.1

Ilium

the labour price and the prices of stock% The
smaller the expense of wages in producing pm."
modifies, the lebs the effect of indirect taxplion,
'impure(' with the capital employed and the prices
of stuck. It was held besides that mi .thi,expem.
:n agriculture was greater in the 'about price or
,;ages, and lest in the capital vested, they buffered
%pit from indirect Umbrian. If this este u..!le,
ought to be oilier allowances msde on that
;trcount ; but he doubted the fact. They had to
re in any cite what up the mount tg.tllo.
ltd capital employed. If. he sherefl that was
1a great in agriculture se iu manufactures 4nd come
Liberec, that claim moat be forfeited. The ex.

lotuses to the farmer of buildings, horses, seed,
thehure, and other charges. were nearly Oqtoal go
y,he charges of the same nature borne by tutinufsi,
urea end commerce. He bad computed the duty
, . 10g. not only upon the tax cbarge peculiar to ages-
.: culture, but upon the hugest scale of all the
...t
charges, including those of which some.curosiders
..w
~7. tle port was 'raid by the mannfacturere *nil
volesineii. Had he calculated strictly, he ought
' motto hive given more than 7.. The Honourable
Member for Corfe Castle hid deprecated political
economy, and extolled the wisdom of our ancestors.
o doubt our ancestout were wise—but the present
generation had all ties wisdom of their ancestor',
and a little more to it.—(Hear, hear.)—Were the
Hon. Member right, the nation ought never to
have improved at all—they would have been with-
got the inventiooe ,r strarn,engines, glob-light, and
wther acquisitions of scientific power. Hr ought
not to seek to stop the improvements of the age,
by roppowing to them the wisdom of our ancestors.
They were told how flourishing end powerful the
riplotry bstropealuen. lla might appeal to th,e
ttocrease of wealth sad capital at Kena. The as-
---
patent would ludil equally for • national debt—
that inasmuch as nor ancestors had a !whips; debt
Which hod lasted till this time, therefore a !age
4,0.1 debt mutt be a very good thing,. Lie gp-
ii4Ohentied none of the evils predicted of a free
trade in corn; it would alweis he the interest of
the country furnishing us to keep the sale open.
The Hon. Member for Corfe Cattle had alto re-
gretted th.it the country had become too maitufic-
luring • country. It was not in question whether
• country would be happier in an agricultural or a
manufacturing condition. But as well might a
then regret that he was grown old—an effect which
would be felt in nations as in individuels. There
pas a period in the history of every nation when it
must become manufacturing. If things were
leg to their free cattle, the country would be.
equally great in agriculture and mentoft
}Pro. It was impossible that England van d'
we to be • rest agricultural couutry. They;
might have. by the extension of their interests, ta
iimanrt some p.m of their grain, a consequince
thich lie should rejoice in. He justified himself
from the reflections made on him, having all along
acted with the idea of securing a monopoly to the
Anglists grower. He complained that hie logo.
Rents ageinst heilthteping the price of food' bed in
Ito way been' iiiireeted: It had been sahf hat the
!Mice of Coral in Hmstnie wee Wis. though r. 40111 y:
Viol given it at 435. foe the overege. that Gristle.
• 4 van'" evidence went to the general reessinenitiog
rice, and did not comprise even the expenses of
' • ntieyanee, ohien 14, Mr. Solly, 4119ated •t t.
s to t.II NFioci ipir4it, referral to by Ilip.
• man, Mr. Sully said that it was a plies of on-
cos .siderelelo trade, importing mole 510.(0 quer.
ten
~ of very inferior OM). The race of 11e311.flve.
'shil ling, taken (torn such * nor i„,,Wea wnwoothy
of . consideratton foxi• • titorgfyt. lit 9011etoed the
jolty vs with which he ttsd* oite into the CioricWittees
to yield every Oil% to the 'attflerings or iiviro4,
..atii s re( distress, provided hi could secure a retitn, at
"NI 1 gthec period to . better Istem :of ,legtilistiOnfee
7 be Comunnee load vomited o‘ opt mime, !Mehl
it• ii.ic(Piii! into their 'Report, but they hed. le, A
t ellogethe". The conditional !slime/WT 11i, .
.00 then was at of end. The oentleree.
~ .
di ,40 wt r. Sully wish *Ong Ir, much prom is
Mt Itt flr Seirintelni ; Ict the take sore theyA
, .ea oc4 it,uetievil. by tfkalt mauve; let them
iri, . arl.themielvee isliejecipye cron3 that, Impression ; let
Mi. •no consider 04 I leers no, aiterPy legit:,
lit. juill for ih4Rra--,134,1 01ii,4P1P5«,, of mil-
lids siteendeill ISO al‘at tirr. 1117;11Ong-illtri
sasl hint was so greet
.io evi ee ingh kick,. n 0...
ie. n Psi,. This brought him to ilie lineovilitost
•of the Hooounible Member for. ,' who hel
em enti4'iti the advantages of e orr boor prieel
t 1 t a wheal he cane to the question. most affecting
labotir pricey he flew oft, 890 **peed *coo*
argunxeut which, if put in foriet would gravest
a county from ever reaching a low labour price.
or. J. BIENItre said, that the whole tears two see
Cil Atom, as he had computed them from .dosuateute;
gie :re 30g. 041. a.qusrter, and he thought he conk,
• ova that fora corn wigs not more thou at so
ei',rage of pig, Tie Member foe Reading eaidt
not bread was one penny per pound is Paris;
.oe'if wheat could not be more than 'Os. be
f.cittece. He beiiered that the 'jewel, see+
eart out not more than ItOo. which, with kb,

9,.., vi..... , mgr. _...,__ _._ ._
sk.cl--li the
d ty of ils Id stid enable theakto a ersr .
oglish relirg, . 40,4 104 make a large profit. He
riled 11,cerii 9et 4 the 'country gentlemen,
liefrev that cm!, inn of them
.crild, tie hisoved
so hii deity by, 4,sense or. personal interest,.
Mr. Cgames wakafratcl that this measure would
only do mischief. He looked bock to the time of
passing the present corn law, when all the dis-
Kimble gisits of Europe, woo got more then
enough td so pply the country in a, *raison or
literirciry. In Um melancholy year of Iv, thoogh
Ettiope was searched fur wenn. arid suffered
considerably in every country, to Order to *spelt
ii to 'Z'ogfend—though it wee 'sunlight hither
frets tht le:sip; of (,'sued Hope, and 'Americo, Mid
the rice of Willa wpe resorted to for ainnitaqm, yet
in, all ne mere than sitswee s consomptioe could
be collected, os he'd been admitted by a Hight Hon.
rriend of hip thin sitting in that House. With
tliat. view before them the Hoatse had persiatedda
pasting the IC urn sill. No one then could here
;p;posed hat the abundance, of corn in, Europe
osed
eves 6ieriiin to that pitch, thut there would
die been lineeg or Siete''' weeks con,umption
iesstrie. There were three weeks now in the
viiirehousea. Wliat would be the consequence if
day thjdg should ordw make the parts open ? There
cultist he rib ieitkin fir the Howse agreeing to a
chNiege 4 the hit'. He contended, that they were
bkittd, tit Oblitrltt:thf
.ClMitlllOttli. iipiltalty, of wheat

which thresthened the British greger from Om
%ostler of pitspe: fle*gitt be,As.f.es
• prejltfligrd 1-4<rn• Hg !aaid prefer ony other,
coo* fly intone); the dilliCtiltit 'thief) ;geld he
shetri p kite moti4st.of soloopticsal.toidosor to the
mtcrists. Jrie conteeired thitiovhstever the
value of Mr. Suily's evidence, the inlets of the
Baltic mum thugs as Atlials.laue, &sod that the pests
once open, the foreign grain was rearly to come to
at any price, He rptestioned the effic..cv of any
ittfttiltitig dill-I_, The Nfitte *lnnis had owed.

the price 4 palliate at 325. add lie. charges, and
17.. duty, cud. it lees thOught impoasibl; for the
grain to cease to iparlset. lie had rec.antt advice.,
by which lie fount ilutt the best wheat, that of
the first quality. wee 20s. one-seveatb the ave-
rage, and the .mood class 235. Oil. The same
averages ist England were at merest 525.
1-10th the beet ; second class 43.. 3-10th, a dif-
ference of 23.. on one, and gut. on the other.
Making all alluswices for cherges,lhe cyrti could
come in at 40a., awl with the duty 17.., would
sell for 57e., while the Member for Purtaslineton
had stated that the home average was 65..
If it were said that they ought. to have
their charges reduced, he had uo objection;
but let that be fairly goie abort ; let
them keep faith with agricalture. Their condition
was without doubt extremely bad. What had
brought them to it ? Why, that calamitous war,
the expeuseg of which had beta borrowed in a de-
precteted asoriey, owl restored' to it,. pricy. Let
them keep faith as strenuously with the agricuts
terist as with the theidsnd of the fundholder. He
did not wish particulorly fur Itigh.pi iced grain. He
helivved that if the House could give theca big'?
priCes,.there would be uo real edvatitag, because
they must in the same degree depress mantill:-
tarts and commerce. Those iutarests weer proceed-
ing at present onou the star-tinge of agriculture
alinie—a most tumours! state of things, which was
not only most unflur sad unjust, but repugnant to
the wishes of all daises. and impossible to continue.
Ho would remind she Home of whet took place in
the three years before I'll 9. There were three mil-
lions of quarters (one million right hundred thou-
and being wheat) imported. Thai was ping for two
years? and part of e'tfaird. The ports were shut in
February, 1819. But there were 700,000 quarters
of good left upon hand after the harvest of that
year. Had there been only 500,000. what an ope-
ration must it not have effected on the market
ever since? It must have kept the market under
cortrinuel depreition—besidel which, the foreign
gridn would be sure to be (often off first, 'mi-
tf it was wholly ...subsumed, leaving the Eng-
li.h wheat to lay and depress our owe market.
. The county of Norfolk, formerly little better thou
a dessert, had, by cultithetwo, been rendered the
most productive county in &igloos' ; but even that
County. must return to its former uucithivated state
if efficient relief .here net given to the cultivate',
for it was only by the most unremitting and active
application of capital that it had been mark pee..
ductive, and could be kept an, and it required for
that purpose a larger capital siren any other county
in England. He hoped, therefore, the Mutate Lord
would.go farther. lie only asked. for the purpose
of an efficient protection, a duty ou imps:atm ))))) of
10s. while the at of wheat was from 001. to 90s. ;
and of 5.. when the prices were from 9011. to 100 a.
sod that the: node should be free when the prices
weeded that point.
• . Mr. BURMA. Seitl, he should wish that, under
the new regulation, Irlijil corn mid in the British
markets should be indents' in the gee. He.
was told [bat few Pramual could tell the difference,
between the corn imported from Ireland and that
tiokri in thiy country, and that the office:wi bi whom
sbe"iSeieges were taktu retied entirely Upon the
parties concerned. taking that is Euiglish which
they were laid was so, and exemptiog that us Irish
•- wheel, woe so reported to then[. SO that. the ex-
v tittouVrish con' left u great opening for frond ;
~,p 1
.1.,1111 ONO it would give a great difference
mall
in t e average of prices, if the whole of the corn,
batitisialmaatl British, were taken into the account
together. With suspect to the immediate question
Ware the Collimate; he gave the preference to
ilie 'Reensturions OY the Noble Marquis over am
eglieee then[ had is yet been proposed.
..,. A.Member wider the gallery supported the pro-
position of the Noble Marquis.
Lord itaNcuris said, he most an far plead
guilty to the charge of the for. Member for Port-
arlingtun„ ni every Geotlegien acting under a pre-
judice in fuvoar of his owe interest, as to admit
that if he could get better terms fur the farmer he
Would; but at present he should content himself
with supporting the proposition of the Noble Mal.
qois, which appeared to him to afford the justest
measure of protection that had yet been proprwedi.
The Marquis of I,OI4IOONDERST mid, the orpi-
ment of the Hon. Member for Cumberland (Mr.
Curwen) akspeered to him to be the moat eatraordi.
nary that he bad yet heard. The (lost. Member
referred to the quentity of foreigo corn brought into
' the century during the last period et which the
. port. were epened, and to the prices of corn in our
' market.. which had contiotted gradually to decline
ever since the ports had been shut ; and arguiug
from that impostation downwards, he had attributed
the whole of the present depression to the powerful
effect or the greet influx of foreign grain winch took
place et that time; and yes, notwithstanding that
opposed effect of importation. he opposed the pro-
pokiest which had been made by hint (Lord Lon-
donderry) to check the evil; for what he had stated
• was, that, in the present state of the law, whenever
the ports were opened. unrestrained importation of
foreign Corn took place, which front the large
quantity thrown in had a prejudicial effect; Mid
. certainly any protesting duty. however email. most ;
have the effect of checking, in some degree, them..
traordiiniyy, idea. He could not for a moment
r *oppose that the effect of the lost importation on
the modem, it having taken place more than two
years ago, lOUb not long since have ceased, although
the prices had continued falling from that time. ;
• The Honourable Member, however, attributing
the, depression of ink... to that importation, •
pro-
posed to depart entirely from the basis of the old
law. and while he retrained the restrictive price was
' few adding the restriction of a protecting duty.—
At present they were protected up to the price of
80.. and srit.r that importation took place without
duty. Now hi. (hoed L) proposed not to opeu the
ports in the first instance, until the markets rose
is the preset* restrictive price of 80s. and then to

'

MIMI

1111

'omit foreign grain for three months, but upon a
duty of )75.; of 103. when prices were from 80s. to
sssi ; and ass, when they exceeded the last-named
price. AfterwardsZreetriceive price would bevy,.
with on nu shoo oily.. up to theprice of
80n; and Ss, from 80s, to 88s; and le. afterwards.
The amount of continental produce, as compared
with that of this semidry, was by tio asein/4, it his
opinion, so great on the average as to threaten those
disastrous consequences to the agriculture of this •
courttry that 0016 ttersetta attlifeiteaticds On the
contrary, formorly it was always doubted whether
in the event of a short harvest here, the poetised
continental produce would be sufficient to supply
the doomed of this country in addition to their own
consumption, and therefore the markets of America
had alweys been looked to with anxiety. The
Honourable Member for Cumberland rind that
the price of foreign corn en board was 32..,
the expenses and merchant's profit he cal.
ciliated as is., which he (Lord Londoialerry) denied
to be sufficient; taking it, however, to be so, that
brought it to 40.., and the duty of 17s. to 575. in
port in this country, which the Hon. Member
maiiitamsd to be a ruinous competition price for
the English agriculturist. But the Hun. Member,
like many ethers, argued as if it were possible that
the ports of this eoneitry being thrown open, at the
price of 80s., core could continue to be purchased
et Datiteic, at the low price he had stettedd. The
opening of the ports here would undoubtedly alto,-
Reim, change the face of the unitkets abroad,
' rid the increased demand would cause prices to
rise there. If the Honourable Member's object
was to keep out fey:ellen cunt from our market", al-
together, it would be better to avoid the parade of
duties, and retina at ouce to the old maxim of total
prohibition. All that could be expected, all that
could be done, was to adopt anal a t.esle of duty as
would prevent the market from being deluged at
the moment when the nigh price be4aii to operate
a little ton much in their favour. Tlie Roo. nlem-
bee had slated 654. as being, in his opiiiiou. a re-
munerating price; he (Lord Londonderry) therefore
could not imagine why be should net be satisfied
with 71t'. ns the limit of importation, with tt duty
of lit. The farmers had, in his opinion, been
Much itiialed by dirsetitig their attention to the
importation price in preference to the duty. The
adjustment which he had proposed appeared to
him to be the most fitted for the pu-pose which
all hetio view, without infringing too much upon
the rights of any. To keep up the obi restriction
ed to price, while anothie was iidposed in the shape
of ditty, would be unfair ta the consumer; and in
considering the best mode of apportioning the re-
duction in point of price. to the amount of duty to
Ifs green a. proieetibn undue effect of impur-
A 1119.14 loam frowastilking any interest which the
farmers had iindentlee ividsug tsar, it hail been his
view, where there was ea yraloutit, to incline the ba-
lance iii their favour. •
Mr. Q. Unwise said, he wes an advocate for the
total prohibition of foreign corn, on the principle
that if the farmers of this country were in complete
. pay/hessian of the markets, the ()idled Kingdom
would produce sufficient core for its own eon-
•umption.
Mr, RoustaTscom, referring to the situation of
France before tlie seven years war, as compered
with her situation subsequeat to that period, and to
the comparative widier) of this country before
. and after the American war. argued that both
nation., while their commerce nourished. had
been importers of grain, when their eommerco
was 'wended. thby beyime exporters of grain..
41a •'When their; litioinerce' *us agein• unloved
they' again' becansi, impeeters. The iahabitsuiti
of both countries Ind been viiiiformly more con-
settled aid' pearpernus while their commerce oat
flourishing and grain imported, than 'ender the
suspension of commerce with en expatiation of
with Our present situation he attributed. to. the,
inigrnwism and felling off of our_Continercr
44.:(witior three years succeediug the torminetiou of
the late oar, which had produced a parse!
dr-
preioion thoughout the country, and a degree of
distress from which, it was impossible to expect that
v . •
viq could have recovered in three or four years.;
therefore recommended to his Majesty's
• het to encourage commerce as the meet • &veldt
means to relieve all classes of this country from their
present nvertaurdened condition.
tie. LOCINAIRT said, sonic parts of the Noble
, Lord's ergumeut had fitleil him, us lie lied no,
doubt it would ail the agriculturnts of the conetey,
with dismay. He had said, he. would give the term
of the scale in favour of the lauded interest; wee
' that all he would glee to that body on the pros-
, pesky of which the welfere and the existAtce of the
country depended ?
• The Marquis of LONDONDERRY explained.
Mr. LOEILNART resumed. He would say, that in
calculating the sable of protecting dutseri„ the Noble
• Lord should have made then, omni except:tone major !
He should have pliced then on *rounds watch
were not to be mistuken ; he should have taker, es
' the basis of his calculations she prices of 1791.
The Noble Lord paid the opening of our ports
would raise the price of corn at Daiitzic. tie
(Mr. Lockhart). on the other !mid, would main.
tam that it would have no stieli ctf,•ct, but that it
would bring driest the price. in our own markets ;
for the continental growers would always reduce
their profits in proportion to the fall iii the markets
here, in order to undersell them ; amid the prices
abroad would be regulated by the prospect of ssl-
hug at any profit here, IVhat lie contended lor
win a perfect protection; such a protection as would
give our own farmer a rimuiteneiog price. He
hod beard it said that the public creditor had •
mortgage on the land. He had looked into all the
Acts of Ptirlietuent connected with the public debt,
mud founsd in no one of them env such pledge to the
public creditor. He could only say, that if there
'.ere ally such pledge, arid the fundholdera, on
the lion-payment of their interest, should, under
this want of protection to the lauded interest,
say they wished to here the lands, his reply would
ha, iii the language of an once-tit people, '' Come
and take them." if they felt themselves mimed
with sufficient strength to t xpel the linillurds, tiny
might try it; but he should Irel neither a legal nor
u moral obligation to submit without resistance to
such an invasion, any more than to ell I i)Vilb1011 by
a foreign eueesy. He thought the Noble Lord head
iu his hands the remedy her any such struggle, by
a just remission of taxes ; tint such a remission as
to scale the public creditor, but such as aaUld (‘'".