The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1824-01-22 00:00:00

CHIVALRY.

The extinction of the house of Burgundy, the govern-
ment of Louis XI. and, above all, the new manner of
waging war which had been introduced over all Europe,
contributed insensibly to abolish what we call chivalry, a
kind of dignity and confraternity •of which there soon re-
mained no more than a weak and imperfect idea.
This chivalry was a warlit-e institution, introduced
among the nobility as the devout confraternities had been
established among the burghers. The anarchy and con-
fusion under which Europe had laboured upon the decline
of the house of Charlemagne, gec rise to this institution.
Dukes, Counts, Viscounts, and Lords of Manors, were
grown sovereigns on their own estates ; they wagkd .rat
against each other; instead of those great Armies of
Charles Martel, Pepin, and Charlemagne, almost all Eu-
rope was divided into small bodies of seven:or eight hundred
men, and sometimes less. Two or three towns formed a
petty state, which was continually at war with its neigh.:
boor. There was no longer any COMMUOialtiol3 between
the provinces, no longer any high roads, no longtr any se-
curity for the merchants, though the public could not do
without them • every owner of a castle extorted from than
on the road, Ltd the multitude of towers on the banks'of
the rivers and in narrow passages of mountains, were only
so Many nests or lurking-holes of robbers. They carried
off the women, and plundered the merchants.
A great many Lords insensibly entered into an associa-
tion, and even Towed to maintain the public security and
to protect the Julies. This virtuous institution Treeived a
greater force by being made a religious act ; associations of
this sort were formed in almost all the provinces; every
Lord of a great fief held it an honour to be a Knight, and
to be admitted into the Order.

Towards the eleventh century, both religious and civil
ceremonies were established, which seemed to give a new
character to the candidate ; he was obliged to fast, to con-
fess, and receive thesacrament, and to pass a whole night
armed caps-vie. He was made to dine by himself at a
separate table, while his godfathers, and the ladies who
were to put on his armour, and to dub him knight, ate et
another. For his part, he was clad in a White tunic, and
sat at his side-table, where he was forbid to speak, to
laugh, or even to eat. The next day he entered the ehareh
with his sword hanging about his neck, and the priest gave
him his benediction ; afterwards he knelt florin before the
lord or lady who was to put on his armour. The perions
of the first rank that assisted at the Ceremony put on his
spurs, clad him with a cuirass, with braises, adobes' gattnt-
lets, and with a coat of mail. The godfather who ineutlied
him touched him three times on his shoulder with the flat
side of his sword, in the name of God, of St. Michael, and
of St. George. From that time forward, so often es he
heard mass, he drew hie sword, Ind held it erect when the
' priest read the Gospel.
This installation was fbllowed by high *tittle, and of-
tentimei by tournaments, the expenses of which fell, upon
the people. The great Lords of fiefs laid k tix on their
subjects for time day on which their children were to receive
the Order of Knighthood. It was generally at the age ot
cue.-and-twenty that they received this title; befine that
time they were Bachelors, which. signified the same of
has Chevaliers, Inferior Knights, or A'arlets, and Squires :
, and the Lords who had entered the confraternity sent thfir
children to one another's homey in order to he educated
far from their parents, by the name of varlets in tee ap:
prenticeship of chivalry.
The time of the crusades was the period in which chi.:
I valry was most in vogue. The Feudal Lords, wb' led
their vassals Under their flag, were called ItnicAts bats;
wets; not that the bare title of Knight gate theme right
to appear in, the field with a fiar ttat pair flint; Ind
not the cerentony of dubbing, t itallided thern r01.17e
' troops under their edittmind. They twee Stiasserets• in
virtue of their fkj)' arid not of ekirair3;. 'Mit IMO Was •
only i distinction introduced by castom, 'stint iioninir by
courtesy; it vrarrnever a real dignity fn the Mate; nor ha:i
it ever any influence on the form- of gOverinnent. Tbt
' elections of the Emperors and Of' Kings *ere not made by
Knights; there was no necessity of bating been dubbed to
I be admitted into the Imperial Diet, into the PaHiattient of
France, or the Cortes of Spain. The infecitments, the
rights of jurisdiction arid independence the inheritano..s.
the laws, everything, in flue, that wit emends!, had m.
sort of relation to chivalry. In this rnattkr, therefore, al
the writers who have employed themeeltee en the suture:
of chivalry have been greatly deceived. T4ey hate all of
them asserted, on the faith of romances, that this honour
was a poet, an employment, and that laws were established
for the government of the Knights. But theke pretended
laws were nothing more than cantatas. The great privi-
leges of this institution consisted in the bloody Vert* called
tournaments. Neither a bacheled 110 r squire, generally
speaking, were suffered to juatle with a knight.
Even Kings themseites would be armed as Knights, but
this gave them no addition of dignity or power; 'brie in-
tention was merely to encourage chivalry and valour by
their example. The Knights had a great respect shown
them in society, and this was all the advantages they'd-
.
JoYed•
In process of time, when King Edward 111. had insti-
tuted the Order rf the Gorier, Philip the Good, Luke of
Burgundy, the Order of the Golds-, Fleece; and Louis XI.
the Order of St. Michael (in the beginning as much re-
spected as the other two, an now so ridierilouily debased),
then the ancient chivalry declined ; it had no longer any
mark of distinction, nor I head that could confer particular
honours or privileges. There were no longer any Knight*
Bannerets ; when Kings and great Princes had established
regular companies in their artniei, then the ancient chivalry
became only an empty name. But it watt still thought au
honour to be dubbed by a great Prince, or by a famous
warrior. Those Lords who were constituted in some dig-
nity, added to their title the quality of Knight, and all
those Who made profession of arms, assumed that of

Esquire.
The Military Orders of Knighthood, at the Templare,
the Knights of Malta, the Teutonic Order, and so many
others, are an imitation of the ancient chivalry, whieb com-
bined the ceremonies of religion and military duty. Hu:
this kind of chivalry was absolutely different trom the
ancient. It produced the Monastic Military Orders,
founded by Popes, possessed of benefices, and bound by
the three monastic vows. Of these extraordinary Orders,
some have been great" conquerors, others have been sup-
pressed for their debauchery, and others subsist still with
dignity.
The Teutonic Order was a sovereign power ; the Orler
of Malta is so still, and is likely so to continue.
There is scarce a Prince in Europe that has not thought
proper to institute an Order of Knighthood. The simple
title of Knight, which the Kings of England confet on
private citizens, without enrolling them in any particular
Order, is a derivation from the ancient chivalry, hut err?,
remote from its source. Its genuine descent has been pre-
served only in the ceremony by which the Kings of France
always confer the honour of Knighthood on the Ambassa-
dors sent from Venice, and the accolade, or embracing
about the neck, is the only ceremony preserved in this in-
' stallation.

The infrssors the late erected themselves into uu
Onkr like the 'lrtie Knights of Arms; this was a proof of
the decline. of ancient chivalry. The students wok the
name of Bachelors, after having maintained a thesis; anti
the Doctors q. Lax called them3elvti; Kniets' a title ridi-
culous in itself, for originally the Chcnatier or Knight was
a person who fought armed on horseback, which certainly
could have no kind of connection with a civilian.

All this affords us a picture that is exceedingly varie-
gated; and if we were attentively to follow :he chain of
the several custom■ of Europe since the time of Charle-
magne, in respect to government, to the church, to war, 1.,
dignities, to finances, to society, and, ht fine, even to die
article of dress, we should find nothing but a rerpetual
vicissitude.

Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, dated Dec. I',
1573 :-" Cobbett has petitioned the Legislatur.i of l'ee.i-
sylvania to refund the amount of a fine (2,000 tiollari)'pal
by him home years since into the State Treasury. lj
'night as well wrestle with a ghost."'

_....iii•lmiiiiMlllllillilM

The BRITISH Passe comalence!lpu!)lishing yest.rday morning

at five o'efock.

LONDON, THURSDAY, JAN U A IllY 22, 1624.

Monday's Paris Papers reached our office last night:
they continue to give, even under their existing control,
a most melancholy account of distracted Spain ; that
wretched country, throughout her provinces, is now a prey
to the most dreadful anarchy. Plunder and assassinations
were everywhere prevalent, and still cpearasing. San-
guinary contests between the two pods % 6e Fanatics and
followers of the Casetitution, wore daily taking place. At
St. Jago, a deadly fray of this domed/aim had just
occurred ; one individual was killed on the spot,
and several wounded. The ripens were everywhere
crowded with victims, and neither amnesty or orders of
any sort had been issued for their release: Letters from
Corunna, dated the Ist of January, state the arrival of the
royalist Contreras, the new Captain-General of Galicia, in
that town. The prosecutions against the Constitutionalists
were inveterately continued there. Several hail been ar-
rested recently, and confined as secret, charged with being
concerned in the soyade of sixty-one Royalists, while Vigo
was Governor. Madrid, at the last 'menu, was a gloomy
scene of distrait and terror ; not a night passed without
new murders. The crowd of churchmen, archbishops and
bishops, collected in that capital, had been peremptorily
ordered to their dioceses; and were gradually quitting for
that purpose. They were looked upon as the most
determined opponents of any liberal measures, and their
departure was hailed, in consequence, as the herald of
the amnesty so long expected, and of other conciliatory
measures, calculated to restore something like tranquillity
to Spain. A plan is stated to have been discovered, framed
by these Prelates, and the General of the Cordeliers, Al-
meida, who was at its head, to overturn Irujo's
Ministry, and effect en important change in the Go-
vernruent, by calling Ferdinand's brother, Don Carlos,
to the Throne. The statement rests, however, on
no good authority. ..and is, probably, only one of '
the many rumours of the Spanish capital or Bayoane.
Talent, the French Ambassador, is said to have receive
important despatches by a courier extraordinary from his
Court, and to have immediately addressed to the Madrid
Cabinet a pressing note, urging the promulgation of the
amnesty, and the immediate execution of the other measures
promised several months since. It was subsequent to this
note the order was given to the Spanish prelates and priests
to quit Madrid. Barra, Colonel of a Royalist regiment,
bad also been ordered to leave that capital with his sol-
diers, having declared that he would not answer for the
fidelity of his followers if the amnesty was promulgated.
The Madrid populace was daily becoming snore hostile to
the French garrison, and several of the latter had been
assassinated in the streets. Fresh troops were ordered up
in support, rand the Spanish soldiers were all sent away.
The Memorial Bordelais states the arrival of the traitor
Morillo at Rochefort ; after remaining there some days,
he hail gone to Tours. Merited disgrace and reprobation
have followed on this arch-renegade. France is intriguing
busily among the Greeks: we mentioned before that her
?gents were in the Mores, and through the Islands. The
arrival of French Commissioners, of the Order of Malta, at
firdra, to treat for the cession of an island in the Archipe-
Isgo, is said to have created an alarming sensation at
Constantinople. It is affirmed that peace between the
Porte and Persia is not secure. Russia, in all probability,
has been busy with the latter power, and is working her
own ultimate designs in this way. Letters from Aleppo
had announced a movement of the Persian army ; nor was
the treaty of peace of some months standing yet ratifi al at,
Ispahan. The Turkish garrison of Corinth had been
landed at Stryrna, and 11,000 piastres paid for its trans-
portation, to the Hydriotes. The Greek squadron, which,
under Maurocordato, had assisted to raise the siege of
MissOlonglii, had gone to cruise before Patras. The
'Turkish Commandant of this fortress, as soon as he
learned the fate of things at the former place, sent off
several Mussulmea of rank on their way to Prevesa ; but
the vessel on board which they were fell into the hands of
the vigilant Greeks. No resolution, it is stated, would be
come to by the lairan, respecting the evacuation of the
principalities, until after the arrival of Alerziacki, the
Russian Representative. The meetings of the Hivan still
continued, and the Ca7itan Paella asalsted at the con-
ferences. No effort this barbarous power can make will
menu arrest the freedom of Greece, the fall of which
humanity and religion would equally weep over. ie.

NCH FCNIM—PAatS, JAN. 19.—Five per ('entti. opened
et 94. 3rtc. ; closed at 91F. 9:tc. Neapolitan Five per Cents. WV'
Rentes, •2.-1. Exchange on London-1 month, 2bi. 4.5 f.;
3 iii.ciths, 2JI. 3;tc.

The free press of Northern America, acting through
every part of that vast Union, and speaking the feelings of
its people uncontrolled, has echoed its President's-Speech
from end to cud, until the collected sound at length has
swelhal into the voice of thunder, proclaiming unmeasured
defiance and hostility to the tyrants of Europe, who have
been menacing with their armed hordes the infant liberties
of the New World. !low just, after all, are the dispensa.
thins of Providence ! While Europe has Leen Ltrieken by
the heavy hand of tyranny, and millions arc encircle! by
the bondage of its despots, the sun of freedom in the
iVestern 11'orld has gradually risen over the entire of that
vast continent, mail its light has become etror.g and clear;
and through its wide extent, frein the Falls of Niagara to
the River of the A,: axons, the darkness of ages has disap-
peared, and everywhere man is free. " Gett and my
lUrlit" is said to be the motto of Kings: " Cod and
`• Liberty !•' exclaimed Voltaire, in all the entlimiasin of
feeling, when first be beheld the philosmilic Franklin, the
represt illative of free America. " Where liberty is," re-
joined the latter, " there is my eountry"—a fine rind ex-
pressive answer. A few exiles from these shores, who Red

:from kingly and ecclesiastical tyranny, first peopled the,
1, woods and savannahs of North America. ►'hat historian
of the days of the First and Second Charles could antisi-
pate the present power and prosperity of that immense and
rising continent? With au existing population of ten mil-
lions difthsed through its vast Union, that population will,
in another twenty years, be more titan doubled. Its nu-
merous ports arc now swarming with the commerce of every
sea ; its people are active, energetic, and industrious; the
axe of the settler is ever y any thinning the forests of Indiana
and Illinois, and the busy habitations of man are rising
amid the hitherto silent wilderness. The vast Pacific will at
length be the only boundary of the United States; while,
in the Southern Continent, liberty, though with less power,
is daily gaining strength, and the feeble sceptre of Spain and
Portugal is broken in their hands for ever. Ilere is a
counterpoise for despotism in the old world—ft country'
where the oppressed of every nation may end a refuge—
a power every day increasing, that will yet shake tyranny
in Eurepe to its very base, and strike, with an arm that
will be resistless, across the vast Atlantic. Already the
menace of her first Magistrate has paralysed the secret plans
of France and Russia ; America is too powerful for either
of them, at sea. The decision of her Councils will pre-
serve the Southern Continent, and avert the horrid scenes
of civil fury and massacre that would otherwise desolate
these shores. America is right : no half language in
existing circumstances would be effectual; the array of
her cannon, and her starred flag, was the best diplomacy
she could use. The threat has been sufilcient. The se-
cret concert of France and Spain, the preparations of Vil-
lelc and Nesselrode, are no more: no expedition will sail,
in the face of an American squadron, under the flag of
France. Colombia, Mexico, Chili, and Peru, will have
leisure to mature their institutions and freedom, and the
independence of the New iVorld will be assured.
In adopting such a resolution, America was guided
by no chivalrous or romantic feeling ; her councils
have all been those of deliberate policy ; her safety was
(*minima with that of the Southern Continent. Let the
armed thousands of Russia and France be once thing on
the shores of Mexico, and where is the safety of the United
States? Florida and Louisiana are exposed to iminediate
invasion, and from these provinces a road is open to the
very heart of ber territory. The freedom of Atnerietis as
hostile as that of England to the tyrants that enslave Eu-
rope ; they can never forget that the revolution of the
former was the precursor of the' mighty storm that
burst over France, and shook their thrones. If once
the berries of Russia, or the Croats and Pandours of
the Bohemian, were joined with the battalions of
France, and landed in the New World, America
would have to fight, with her militia :lid backwoods-
men, for actual existence. To us, the peace of South
America and its independence are a matter of the deepest
Interest: our commerce with these countries is now im-
mense. They present a vast and increasing mart for our
manufactures and industry ; a trade that has sprung
out of their freedom and the destruction of the tyrannic
monopoly that fettered their resources for ages. On this
trade, and these resources, France had the deepest de-
signs: she looked to it as the remuneration of her im-
Janne expenditure in Spain ; but no hostile demonstra
will be made against the league of Great Britain and
America ; it would be the death-blow to the marine and
commerce of the former power. The confederated allies
may assemble in Congress, and, from Vienna or Paris, re-
cord in protocols and manifestoes their hostility to freedom
in the land of Montezuma and Atabaliba ; but, shielded by'
the protecting arm of America and England, the Mexicans
and Peruvians will laugh at their decrees, and the fulmi-
nations of their wrath will be nothing more than "a
sounding brass or a tinkling cymbal,"—a scroll that will
fall powerless and ineffective at their feet.

We entreat the attention of our readers to the Reaohi-
tions, to be found in another column of our Piper, passed
at a public meeting held at Sydney, for the island of
Cape Breton. "L7liit c'est met"—" lam the State,"
was an observation of Louis XIV. lii the mouth of Loan
BAyituusy the assertion, as it respected the colonial
department, would seem equally just : he has certainly
carried his pretensions to their fullest extent. How is it
that Parliament can have acquieseed so readily in his pre-
sumptuous claims? It surely must be that the colonial
office is a branch of the monarchy : it is Impossible to
account for it on any other principle. The system of
government which regulates our distant dependencies is
certainly not very flattering to the principles of British
legislation ; for unless the practice is correspondent, the
principles, whether in government or in religion, are of
little worth. Our Constitution, no doubt, is in approved
good health : the root is sound, the branches vigorous, the
foliage fair; but the fruit—that must depend upon where
you taste it. It tastes very bitter, we should apprehend,
in Ireland ; and the colonies appear to have no relish for
it. To them it is the apple of Sodom—

- " Bitter ashes, which the offended taste
"With spattering noise rejected."
For ourstives we cannot decide: we must leave to the
worthies of emetic renown to settle the question.

When Sir Robert Wilson left Cadiz, he proceeded to
Tetuan and Tangiers, with the object of securing an
asylum for the Spaniards, the promise of which he ob-
tained from the Governor of those Provinces. We now
understand he has just received a letter from the Empe-
ror of Mot occo, to whom he had sent some arms and gun..
powder, confirming the protection pledged, and giving
solemn assurance that the Spaniards may repose in safety
under the shadow of the Moorish standard, imperial orders
having been given to that effect.

Extract of a letter from Madrid, dated Jan. 9 :—" We
informed you in our last, that the King gave a positive
order to quit the capital to a number of Bishops and
Archbishops, who remained in it ; scene under the pre-
text of congratulating the King, and others with private
views. This measure is looked upon by the moderate
party as a triumph ; for it is not doubted that the machi-
nations of these individuals have caused the delay of the,
publication of the amnesty, and obstructed other dispoH
silions, which would have a powerful effect in causing the
tranquillity of Spain. There is a report these two days
past, of a project formed by those Bishops, and directed
by the General of the Cordeliers, Father Almeida, the
o:ject of which was to cause an important change
in the Covermneut by a voluntary resignation. This
report appears to us absurd. Some persons, who have
opportunities of knowing it, affirm that his Majesty,
intonned of some conventicle, which were held at the
house of a certain great personage, had him summoned
btfure him, and ordered him to confine himself to his
house. The crowd, which never reasons, informed of this
circumstance, and seeing it coincide with the order for the
departure of the Bishops and Archbishops, concluded that
the proposed change of which we spoke was certain. Sen-
sible and impartial men foresaw that the scandalous con-
duet of the absolute faction would force his Majesty to
I prompt and decisive measures ; and certainly the' most
II sagacious seems to have been to send to his diocese every
Bishop who ought to reside there. It is to the vexation
and chagrin caused by these intrigues that we are to
rttribute the dangerous and increasing indisposition of M.
Casa !nil°. the 31inister of Foreign Althirs: his distemper
threatens to end in a pzialysis."

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.

Last night we mein(' the Paris Journals of Montlay,
with the Flak of Tuesday's date. The folk •ing arc
extracts

I From tbeEtoite of Tuesday,i
The King heard rnag% in his apartments. The King did not go
out. The Itentes got up to 94f. IHic., owing to a report of a pm-
ject in agitation to get up the Rates to par, to reduce the interest
to four t,r three per coif.
Xingu", Jas. 8.

(ritivvry conitEmeownvxcE.)
Nothing new has taken plate in this capital since my last. The
priests have come to a detemilnation to return to their dioceses. The
correspondence between our Cabinet and that of the Turneries ix
very active; and they *peek of a very energetic note which has been
sent to our Government by the Martini, Talent. It is thought
here by every one, that things cannot remain long in the yreserit
state between France o.ird Spam. The comMunicationa of our Ca-
binet with that of St. Petenthurgh are also very active.
TOLOSA, JAx. 11.
A great calamity menaces O Ala uipuecos and va it is generally
known that the iron mines which these provinces abound with, and
the produce of which were shipped to different.; parts of our South
American possessions, furnished employment to a great part of the
population, but owing to the emancipation of our Colonies, the
masters of these works have given notice to the numerous persons
employed in them, that carewmatances require they should be
discharged.
They write from Pampeluns, that the French troops who are
there in garrison are obliged to be continually nit their guard, since,
several days past, a number of military have been assassinated by
the Spaniards.
( Ellin the Joann:lees Delats, cf 3londay.l.
An English snarl, coining from Buenos Ayres, which arrived
at [Gibraltar about the end of pacember, has brought the import-
lent news that the remnant of the Independent troops, under the
'orders of Santa Crus, had beet entirely destroyed on the I9th of
lAugust, by Brigadier Lou Pedro, in the kingdom of PeTu..—
(Fudge !)
FRANI:I'OIIT, JAN. 12.
Private letters state that theti still exists in several parts of Ger-
many secret and political societies.
• [From the Afnattette.j
•• . Pairs, JAN. 19.
At one o'clock yesterday tbe 'king received the Ministers, the
Chancellor, Prince Talleyrand the Marshals of France, and the
Ambits:ethos of Spain and Naples.
(ht the 11th inst. the fang gave a private audience to 31.1 e
Baron Roussin,'Rear-Admiral, who has returned front cruising on
the coast of Brun, and in the Pacific.
The squadron under the command cf this officer was composed
of the frigate Amazon. carrying his flag, the frigate Clorinde, and
the cutter Pumone. These three vessels, commanded by able of-
ficers, were admired by all the foreigners who visited them. The
officers were remarked for theirprofftsional knowledge, for the ex-
cellent dep_ortment of their staff, and the perfect discipline of their
crews. They rendered important Rena* to the French trade
along the 'Western coasts of South America, anti even foreigners have
had more than once to congratalatethemseives on the security which
they derived from the presence of the French flag, during the suc-
cessive convulsions which have beer experienced by the new Bo-
vecrnents of Chiii and Peru. _ _

The rumours of an approachingwar between
torn,from
' Europe, it was impossible reduce to their real value, had ren-
dered difficult the position of the French vessels in their seas; but
they were aeon set at ease by the fizm and prudent measure of
Rear-Admiral Housain, win's, after having provided for this fitat '
interest, act out for France by the Atlantic. On arriving at Brazil,
he was informed of the prodigies of valour exhibited in Spain by
the French armies, anti, after a short slay at Rio Janeiro, set sail
for Brest, where he anchored on the 24 Dctxsnbcr, with his three 1
ships.
[From the Constilatiowiell
(tress* Nov 22.
—. . _ _ . _ _ __

The hat news horn Constantinople, of 13th December, state,
that M. De Minziaki is expected there with the greatest anxiety.
It is also said that the question respecting the evacuation of the
principalities required by Russia will not be discussed until after
his arrival. It is, however, our opinion that M. De 51inziaki has
been sent to Constantinople menly foe the purpose of inspecting
the mercantile relations.

The Capitan ?ache has apefated at the extraordinary sittings of
the Divan, upon the state of the affairs of the Atoreat.
The reported arrival at Hydra of French Commissioners, of the
Order of .Malta, to treat with the Greeks fcr the cession of an
island in the Archipelago, has caused a great sensation at Con-
stantinople.
The Perot has se/sewed Its mot d reirteltt to trod Strworfeed.
The entire diplomatk body has been trusted with great considers-
tion since letters from Aleppo have announced new movements on
the part of the Persians. The reports in circulation respecting the
relations between the Porte and Pers!tt are extremely centrailktery.
it is, however, clear that the former fins some uneasiness, because
Persia has 'nut as yet ratified the treaty of peace, concluded some
months ago.
_ _

TRIT 9T E, JAW. 3.
A vessel from Smyrna states that the Turkish garrison of Cori.ith
had been landed at Smyrna, and the expenses of the voyage, 11,000
piastres, have been paid to the Ilydruna. Another vessel from
Lante announces that, after the raistag of the siege of 3lissclonghi,
the Orrcian iimadron which centiockd Maurocordato to the oasis,-
ance of this city went to cruise before Palma When the Turkish
commandant at the latter place was apprised of what happened at
Missolonghi, he endeavoured to send many Mussulmeo of a dis-
tinguished rank to Prevesa t but the Greeks from %ante affirm that
the brig in which they had embarked had fallen into the possession
of their fellow-patriots.

BAYONNE. JAN 13.
Two or three extraordinary couriers have passed from Madrid
through our city. We know nothing of the intelligence of which
they are the bearers.
The army courier has not yet arrived. Leiters from Corunna
of the Ist current announce the arrival of the new Captain, lien.
Contreras. The prosecution against the individnals accused of being
concerned in the• drowning of 41 Royalists is carried on with ac.
tivity. Those arrested are placed in solitary imprisonment at St.
Jaques. The quarrels between the ]loyalists and Constitution-
alists have caused the death of one individual ; some others have
been wounded. More of the Constitutional party, arrested in the
neighbonring provinces, tee still detained in prison, and the
retied of their enlargement is not known.
PARIP, JAN. 18.
_ _ _

The Oryintente boasts already of tictory in the elec—tions. This
is the banner which has iong been waved amidst the dangers of
the country, and the Minister will r.o doubt unfurl it again upon
the clay of the great battle, upon the gaining of which its exist-
ence depends.
The WA. rirlc asserts, "We hare upon our side justice,
honour, and address." If this journal niears to speak of the
Minister of Justice, we do nut deny it, but the ellipsis arms to
Its too bold. Honour may be expressed with more propriety in
the plural than in Cie singular number. As to the address, it is
an acknowledgment to which we make no objection; stratagem
and bad ftiih wish to be accounted address; knavery also pre-
tends to resemble it ; and M. l'ottite. the first of modern jugglers,
may justly pretend to he a man of address.
The King gave audiences hi his chamber to the Ambassador of
Naples, Talleyrand, Peers of France, Marshals, and
general officers.

- The last news from Spain give reason to fear that tranquillity
will not be soon restored in that unfortunate country. 3loilerate
men can with dihindty make their voices be heard by those who
would wish to have the entire country penished for measures taken
by the constitinionalisoi, who are fortunately escaped from dantrer.
The new .Minister has given utterance to some more liberal
ideas than his predecessor; he is not allowed to carry them
into execution ; and he is each moment ex;xised to the danger of
dismissal. The letter, ordering the departure of the Prelates from
3ladrid, ha. produced a certain eilixt here. Colonel Bartel has
been also ordered tq quit Madrid in twenty-four boors, with the
Prince's regiment, for declaring that he would not 'answer for his
regiment if the amnesty were published. The tnith is, that the
populace of Madrid is much irritated egainst the French, because
the latter will not allow them to commit those nets of vengeance
to which certain individuals wish to excite them. Some of the
soldiers of the army of occultation have been the victims of this
feeling. One Swiss soldier Rhailleetlillitutrfer aria th!i example,
added to other incidents, has admonished the French to be on their
guard. It is certain that the gerrison of Madrid will be increased;
and the error of not having echeloned a corps from Cadiz to Ma-
drid, and front Madrid to Bayonne, is iierceived.
The Memoriql Boordeltis announces the arrival at Rochefort of
the Count of Carthagena (Morino). It adds, that after a stay of
a fortnight in that city, the Count, who is accompanied by his wife
and &lid, aged lli months, will repair to Toney, thence to Pont-
, levoi. where he has a brother-in-law, and finally to Paris. lie is
permitted, by the Spanish Covenintent, to remain a year
in France for the re: wery of his health.
A new silver medal has (teen granted to M. Carel, of Toulouse,
as a proof of the zeal with which he continues to disseminate the
vaccine matter.

r From the Jour the! Detats.]
Vtrxva.
We hear the agreeable noes that Prince Metternich is restored to
his health.

rftANEVnRT, Jaw. 12.
During the butt sitting of the Germanic Diet, it was recommended
to the Governments of the second and third ontor, constituting a
art of the • Onfederation, to order the censors of the journals pith.
(bile(' in licrtonny, to use the greatest precaution in granting their
imprimatur to articles respecting the Diet. It was peculiarly int.
pressed upon them to take care that nothing transpired that took
place in the contidonial sittings and Al. Baron de Munch has
more than once am:plainest of the audacity of the Grimm, jour.
nudists, v, to miblislicrl those protocols which were intended merely
for the use of the members of the Diet, and for the cabinets of the
Sovenigns. The contspouilcnts of the journals are also severely
crostini! ; but the 'inventive measures appearing to.day insuf-
ficier.t. the diet, in a conlidential sitting. has resolved in future nut
to shot o the tierinan juurnals to publish anything concerning the
deliberations or decrees, mud toe article shall be first published
in the German Gazette of Frankfort.