The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1821-12-28 00:00:00

SOUTH A M ERICA.

The present state of South America merits the
particulsr attention of the American merchant, agri-
culturalist, and manufacturer. A field so vast, and
so abundant in all that can invite the exchanges
and the intercourse of mankind, was never before
opened to human opportunity, and to none are
those opportunities of PO much consideration as to
the people of the United States. Independent of
Mexico. which cannot long remain in Its present
distracted state. the population betwee.i the Mexi-
can Gulf and the eouthern bound of civilization,
amounts to nearly twelve millions of people, who
produce and consume. Mexico exceeds..six mil-
lions of the same description. There is no produc-
tion, nor is there any climate which is not compre-
hended within the space that we hive here rioted ;
for the elevation of that vast range of continent,
places it above the influence of that heat which in
the same hititudes of Africa and Asia is incongeuial
with wholesome temperature.
The establishment of the popular representative
system iu Columbi.i, decides the cast-of governs
meta for all America. The central position of that
repubbe, its riches, its numerous sea-ports, its
More various products, its internal navigation,
communicating with both seas, and open to North
East America and Europe, and North West Ame-
rica and Asia—Peru and Chili will follow the me-
public..“ regime; La Plata and Mexico will, from a
necessity that is too obvious to be mistaken, soon
follow in tie acme track.

The American merchant should look oboist him
in lime, it is in the New World he is to find the
means of commerce, which can either command or
render him independent of the policy or envy of the
Old. It is in South America that North America
will find the permanent mart fur her products.of in-
dustry and art—for the employment of her seamen.
Tile South Americans will not maintain any naval
estublishnieut ; having within themselves the means
of subsisting in abundance and ease, they will
be an exporting people ; they will indeed receive
from other nations, whatever may be brought ; but
it is in nations where the climate is not proli-
fic that commercial enterprise is necessary. The
same motive fur enterprise does not exist at Bogota.
or blexlco, or LIMO. for adventuring to the sea,
that exiats at London, or Amsterdam, or Bos-
ton, or New York, which. like Athens, Rhodes,
Cathrige, Genoa, and Venice, had tither a steril
soil or uo soil ; or is climate locked op to vegeta-

Extract from a private letter, dated
" PARIS, MONDAY, 9 P.M.
" For these two days there have been circulated,
on the authority of letters from Vienna, Semite.
and other placer, the report of violent disturbances
having broken out at Constantinople, which termi-
nated in the death of the Sultan Mahmoud.—
Very different reasons, however, are assigned
for this fatal event. Some say that the Janissaries
accused the Sultan's Government of being too
temporising and tpo indecisive with respect to
Russia—that they wished war to be declared
forthwith. Another reason given is, the massacre
by the Greeks at Tripolizza. The insurrection of
the Janissaries is said to have taken place on the
e6ih of last month, and to have been continued on
the 47th and 48111. The Sultan Mahmoud is re-
presented as having done every thing that courage
could do. He opposed the Janissaries in person, at
the head.of a body of troops disciplined after the
European manner, which he has always been anxi-
ous to promote from the commencement of his
reign. But the Janissaries were too numerous.
They had recourse to the old cruelty otaetting fire
to buildings. In their rage they mmascossl Chris-
tians and Jews; and even Pcra wort witness to
their indiscriminate fury.
" This news, coupled with some alarms enter-
tained with respect to the measures of the new
Ministry, is said to have produced the panic felt to-
day on our Exchange.—The renter, which left off
on Saturday at 871. 15 c., fell to 85 f. 65c. to-day.
" Another report which I send you, though 1 do
not by any means vouch for its authenticity, is, that
the lives of all the Royal family at Madrid have
been attempted, tad that much blood has been
shed.

" It appears that the present Ministry are deter-
mined upon assembling an army on the frontiers of
Spain. The Duke de Reggio to be placed at the
head of it."
♦IZWSA, psceings le.
Government has received dispatches from M. de
Lutzow, our Ambassador Constantinople.,
with :deices of the highest importance, but
nothing has been publithed. All the merchants
of this capital are this day on the alert, iu
consequence of the news from Turkey. It is
certain that tumultuous scenes took place at
Constantinople on the 127th or 48th November, and
it appears that they have had most serious results,
but the eccounts so vary it is impossible at present
to ascertain the truth. A great many persons meth-
tain that the Grand Signior, and even his young
son, and others say. the favourite of the Sultan,
Haled Effendi, have been killed, sod that a Commit-
tee of Janissaries has seised upon the Government.
Some 'peculators have an interest in giving credit
to this report, and others in asserting the contrary ;
and amidst this doubt nu one knows what to do,
for if a part only of the news he confirmed, it is very
certain that our State securities and funds. must
infallibly fall. We'can therefore easily understand
why some should deny what others affirm.—Ai
'Change this day the rnetalliques are at 74j ; 'Doak
Actions 13291.

ODESSA, NOVEMISER. 2e.
Letters hem Constanbuopi• of the eAih ut ttes
ihorith. state that a Turkish corps has been defeat-
ed at Ersessun by the Persians, and that it lost all
its artillery. Owe of these even affirms that the
Persisee are masters of Trehisoud, on the Black
Sea. The heuds of the unfortunate Prince Cali:-
ma rsitradal bis family were exposed on the gales of
theilieugho. on the gist. A fareigia Ambassador,
it is add, iaterested himself in favour of tbisfamily ;
as a Saul attester their beads woe nailed to th,t
gates. Although no letter siabtiess thr
ultimatum, we can easily jualgesilene the accounts