The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-01-23 00:00:00

TO THE PUBLIC.

61S11 Itari,lK oderrtienl the scheme of the
■ • Stair Lottery et !mirth, begs leave to enbasit to hie
h-•t Encode, the Public, its principal &stores, alai looks
to a very category' nil", as it appear■ to be aoi-
• rola, approved. Ii etrionie of waly 20,000 Tickers, to be
▪ in Four Dem
it begins 26th of NEXT MONTH (February).
There ire Five 00,000 Monty Prizes
There are Seventy other Mosey Cvpitals.
none on 6,610 other Mosey Prise,.
There ire not Two B sake to Oat Prin.
There are not soy Clain's.
Every Ticket will be drawn stoey,
Each Ticket dre.dys It, owe Fem. sad so other.
There are £200,000 all Moor, Prises.
The very list Prize dravni cart be r 20,000 Mersey.

Needy !bother Capitals way be expected First Day.
Zekele arad Shafer are *elfin by BIS", 4, C4r44'1l and
9, Chasiatcroas, Laisdaa; and by his Agoutis in the Country
'•a Io the prraret (Amery there sea 75 Capitals, being
erielderahly some *as doable the number she I.•t cootaimed,
.4 sh•t pusorosed oily 33—wt of which DISH shared aosl
•vtd "srty half, aa he eel Isra Agents distributed tie less
Ihou F•rteea!"
!
••' 1 he Priced leedrata eased beady against DISH'S
Cosabill, by *bid' the Public say see
as.,

TURNPIKE !WADS AND HIGHWAYS
IN ENGLAND AND WALES.
[Ordered by. the House of Commons to be "rioted.] '
REPORT.
flread Commit*tt sparainted to fake Inge eameasleftelos
tho Acts bow is .(sine. scomsding Tempi* Roods and
Nigliwaye is Ewirlood and Wales, and the expediency of
adstftiosal Regelariors fur their better Repair and Preset-
ratios, and to report their Otterrvations thereupon from
tone to time to the House, have agreed to the following
Report :.
The Committee, on their Ant assembly, applied lbesteelver
to the preparation and arrangement of • Rill, which had
for its object the consolidation of the different trusts ia the
neighbourhood of [fondue, which Bill in the early part of
the Session they submitted to the consideratios of the House.
On the expediency (indeed of the ultimate arcessity) of pro-
viding some legislative remedy fur the more elEcinit and
more ecuaninical appliration of the Immense which
is collected from the public, on the roads immediately round
London, your Committee still entering no doubt whatever;
a mulsiplirity of reels, encumbered with numerous trustees,
competitor, agnatet each other in the inerket fur road ma-
terials, and without any combined or scietiolle system of
management, cannot, in the opinion of your Goomittee,cf.
feet in the most desirable manner the object for which
the present henry tolls are raised upon the public.
Your Committee were nevertheless aware, that suy measure
would meet with strong resistauce, which proposed in a
greater or less degree to change Ibe disisibutioa of the urge
re now applied to maintaiet Ike roads is question; and
were not surprised to And, that all the Krises conceived in
the prevent expenditure, were strongly indisposed to the
change. Yew. Committee are urverthelnis persuaded, that the
grounds en which the measure was proposed were in some de.
gree misrepresented ; said they beg leave, thertforeolistinctly
to disavow the wish imputed to them, off iag or palm-
itin* a 'ornerier iodividral, which (however highly they
may think of his simple and srientific modes of road manage.
meet), was not a part of their object ; still leas world they
be thought desirous of conveying any censure urns the gentle-
mos who, in the different districts, discharge the gratuitous
oilers of trustees; they have so wants to impugn either the
ant or the fidelity with which their respective duties are dis-
charged; it is to the system, which has put both the trusts
and the trusters in a situation with respect to each other,
which render, them an imperfect executive body, that your
Committee have addressed their proposed remedies.
Your Committee also proceeded to new model • 8.11
which had been submitted to the House is the last Session
for the amendment mid eonsolidstion of portal Turnpike
Attn. * which they foiled it desirable to mate eseetrial al.
eloationo.
The Ad of 13th Geo. 111., though in some degree altered
esbeequest public, and more ur tem affrcred by minty
private Acts, in still the basis of general laws ow that sub-
ject; the existing system of wheel carnage., regulated as it
is in respect to breadth of wheels, the weight to be carried,
and the number of horses drawing, is founded mainly upon
this Art ; and though a considerable part of the origival
object of the Act is effected, yet it has failed is effecting the
whole of whet was evidently isteeded.
There seems to have been en idea, that carte-and waggons
could be so constructed, as to repair rather than wear out
the roads on which they travelled, and it was the object of
this Act to convert wheels into rollers, by which it was
thouglit roads could be levelled and cousolidisted; with this
view it was provided, that • waggon with wheels which
rolled • surface of sixteen inches on each side, should pass
toll-free for live years, mind afterwards at one.half the toll
paid fur a wssgon us the six-inels wheels.
This exemption was applied, sot only to waggons of the
mold construction, in which the hind follow the fore wheels
(ell of them being of a similar breadth) ; bet to such as ',s-
teal was the idea of rolling carried, that the exemption wee
extended to s errieees the wheels of which though DO more
than nine inches, were to be so placed as to roll a surface
of sixiees inches sin each side, the hind wheel following is a
different track from the fore. Carriages of this latter de-
scription were brought into lase, but the entire indent.
witty from toll for so long a period slid actually bring into
existence cumbrous ettachinea us, wheels of the vast breadth
of eighteen inches ; these wheels, however, were any those
toot rollers ; they were constroctediss cones, not as cylinders,
and ignited of beiug flat, as was designed by the Act ofl3th
Geo. 111.,stberepient Adis sot only repealed the proviso fur
couatersiskiag she nails, but ale.. permitted the surface of
the wheels to deviate one ineli from • flat or level beariag.
The total result then was, that • conical wheel had its stir- '
face (remelt, with projecting nails) formed into the segment
of a circle, so that ow a hard level road a small portion only
bore upon the grouad. lia troth, it was not at all to be de-
, sired, that in its nautical form a larger portion of the wheel
should have borne no liba road ; for the twistieg friction of
the larger periphery of the wheel, would thee have crushed
and dislocated the materials of the road in a still greater de-
gree. These cumbrous wheels, however, have been gradually
discouniesested, and are so far gone oat of use, that a very
few only are sow dragged out of London ; wheels of nine
inches wow generally prevail in the carriers wawa,. Har-
ing provided for the entssorsgesseat of sixteen-inch wheels
lest by temporary esemption from all toll, and thee by per.
must abatement*, *mohair from the toll paid fee waggons
with wheels of six or aloe locker, the Act neat provided
such a penalty as all narrow wheels (that is to my, of • less
breadth than six inches) as was doubtless intended to put
them oat of wee ; they were to pay as additional toll
amounting to notolialf sore Iltaa the toll paid for waggoss
with wheels of six inches; and the total practical result ap-
pears to have been, that s wheel professedly of sixteen inches,
though hearing °sly on four inches, would pay three.penee
on each horse ; whea a wheel which bore on • fist ferrate of
Ave inches and three quarters, would have paid nine-pence.
The obvious imperfections of mach • system as this, led
your Cominiete to cousider of the best remedies which could
be provided; and they have to lamest, that in this, as in all
similar installers, where Ms talploper system has been forced
into action by legislative emulate's, sant it has become
habitual, there is conaiderablc dialcalties In at once effect.
log the desirable change. Wish a view, however, to &seer-
tsin what change it was desirable to recommend, your Com-
mittee railed before them several persons competent to give
them informatics open the objects of their sequiry; sod
Ili* 'mold have proceeded further in this course, had they
sot found it to be seedless, as the House is already in pos-
session of • great maw of materials bearieg epos these sub-
jects, successively reported to the Horse, from a Committee
appointed to cossider of the Acts relating to roads and bread
wheels, is 1908, and in succeeding years. A valuable digest
of the voluminous matter consaired in thew Reports, was
afterwards published by lie late Mr. Edgewath, to which
also yore Connitteeeeferred. The main result of the pre-
vious inquiry of shot Committee appears to have been, a
complete exposure of the imperfections of the system which
brought law use the broad conical wheel, sad there seems

They cannot. however, emit noticing a dyne which makes
it penal to drier homes a pairs with narrow-wheeled wag-
gons, which it is highly expedient to repeal; as far as the
roads are concerned to it. It i■ most desirable, that homes
61101111 i not follow each other io wrier!, the same track ;
and in all other respects it iv certain, that horses in paint are
more efficient and more conveniently managed then when at
length. A deftription of carriage. called caravans Las come
much into nee, which are enabled to travel quickly with
heavy loads of goods, by the great mechauical ■dtaotsge de-
rived from placing the whole weight upon springs. These
carriages are now liable to the increase of toll proftidid ►y
the 13th of George 111, fur all carriages with narrower wheels
than six inches, which are not expressly exempted from the
operation of the Act; and your Committee only mention
them fur the purpose of paying, that they should coutisue
precisely on the same footieg, as far as toll is coucerned ;
and aise, that they should, at all times, continue to be free
from any check or limit respectiog weights, the injurious
effect of which, iu great measure, is dose away by the elms-
tieity of 'Triage. Ou this bead your Committee beg leave to
refer to a document in the Appendix, and also the work of
Mr. Edgeworth.
There is nothing which can he done relative to the eon.
atruction or modes of drawing, which can avail much towards
the main object of the improvement of road.; it is by the
judicious, scientific. and ecorsontienl application of the Trust
Funds that this object can alusse be effected.. With a view
of the latter. your Committee have endeavoured to provide •
regular mode of annually *editing the accounts, shirk io
ewer trusts they and have been greatly neglected. Other
objects it is more difficult to remedy by legislative provi-
sion; seek as the careless and negligent application of the
Trust Fends, through the hands of pariah or other ignorant
surveyors, who are apt to employ the most inefficient work-
men, and thus reader the mosey raised for the roads a sort
of ancillary to the poor rates.
Your Committee have now to refer to the returns made
under the Act of last Session, which, having bees carefully
arranged and minima, are sow sebsltted to the House,
in such a form as to be easily Intelligible : Whew it is semi
the total amount of mosey, levied under the authority of
Turnpike Acts in England slate, is 070,8161.; that the debt
on these tolls it 3,874,256/., and the balance in Treaders?.
hands is 174,0001., and the arrears of interest o• abet debt
337,1701., your Committee feel fully persuaded, that the
Gomm will continue to apply • diligent and ',trefoil exa-
mination of application and management of so extensile
and powerful • system.
July 10fh, 11121.

Near 25,000/. are rsioed in Scotland towards
erecting a Nati' nil Monument there to commemo-
rate the events of the late war ; the building is to
he a copy of the Parthenon of Athena, and to he
erected on the Calton Hill, from the resemblance
it bears to the Acropolis of Athens.

"'Or -Ly.

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