The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-11-30 00:00:00

EARLY HISTORY OF mg •TRAKENGINE.

Among the numerous competitors for the honour
of having first suggested steam as a moving power
in mechanics, we must certainly place Braticas and
the Marquis of Worcester in the foremost rank.
The former of these was to Italian philosopher, of
considerable eminewce, sod who, in 1629, published
• treatise entitled Le Muchiae, which contained •
description of a machine for this purpose. The
appeatua employed by Broilers ass, in fact, no-
thing more than a large seolipile, similar to the
blow-pipe invented by M. Pictet, of Geneva, with
this difference, that the aperture in the pipe con-
nected with the body of the trolipile, instead of
being directed to the lamp (or, in this case, the
furnace that bested the mschine),• was made in
strike against the floats or vanes of a wheel, by
which means a rotatory motion was produced.
After the publication of this scheme, which, it is
probable, was never put in practice with any useful
rffrct, nearly 30 years elapsed ere the further consi-
deration of this important subject was resumed by
the Marquis of Worcester. The mode of.Amploy-
nig steam recommended by the Marquis. and
which he describes to his Century of Inven'ions to
have completely carried into rffret, was entirely
different from that of his predecessor ; and it is
evident that the Noble Author had received no
previous hint of Branca.' invention, as be expressly
states. in another part of the above work, that
he " desired not to set down any other men's
inventions ;" and if he had iu any case acted on
them, "to oomitirtelikewire the inventor."
.

It is said that the Msrquis, white confined in the
Tower of London, was preparing some loud on the
fire of his apurtmeni, anti the cover, hosing been
closely fitted, was, by the expansion of the steam,
suddenly forced off and driven up the chimney.
This circumstance attracting his attention, led him
to a train of thought, which terminated in this im-
portant discovery. But no figure has been pre-
served of his invention ; nor, as we have good Ilia-
711en to suppose, any dstscription of the machine he
employed, except the sixty. eighth article in the
above-mentioned work. IVe shall content our-
selves, therefore, with extracting that article from
the noble author's MSS. preserved in the British •
Museum.
" An admirable and most forcible way to drive
up water by fire; not by drawing or socking it up-
wards, for that must be, as the philosophers call ii,
infra spherant activitaiia, which is but at such a
distance. But this way bath no boundary, if the
vessels be strong enough; for I have taken a piece
of a whole cannon, whereof the end was burst, and
filled it three-quarters full of water, stopping and
screwing op the broken end, as also the touch-hole,
and making a constant fire wider it, *lain' twenty-
four hours it burst, and made a great crack ; so
that, having found a way to make my assets, so
that they are strengthened by the force within them.
and the one to fill after the other, I have actin the
water run like a constant fountain stream, forty feet
high ; one vessel of water, rarilitil by flue, (hived)
up forty of cold water. Aud a min that tends the
work is but to turn two cock*, that one vessel of
water being consunitd, another begins to force and
refill with cold water, and so suecetwively, the tire
being tended and kept constant, which the self-
same person may likewise abundantly perform in
the interim, between the necessity of turning the
[
said cocks.—(fide Harkian MSN. (Yo. Y 0128.)
In 1683, a scheme for raising water by the

agency of steam was offered to the notice of
Louis XI V. by en ingenuous Engl eh nrechluic,
of the name of Method; -this, however, was ev.-
&fitly suggested by the plan previously furnished
by the Marquis of Worcester to Isis (*eatery If
Ineelationt. Morhard woo prerehted to the French
Monerch in 1681, and in the course of the foll:p•-
ii,g year his apparent* is lad to have been acts itty
exiirbitid of St. Gerinaiii's. The only notice of
tint iihn occurs in the collection of AIS.S. to 151.., ;5
we have already alluded, and farms the letter p u t
Of r very beautiful volume, contaioingabout Shim-
eight pages, and entitled, " Elevalson des Eitux,
par toute sorts de Machines. redone a lo meson-.
an pools, et als belsuce. Presentee aas blajtste
tres Chretienne, per le Cheiralitr eiorland, ge...
tilhomme ordinsire de la datable prise*. h ..?ititre
des mechaniques du goy de la Greed BreLogoe,
1683." This MS. is written upon vellum, richly
illuminated, and the poet which has reference to the
steam-eogina occupies duly four pages, commenting
wish o to title. &e. It is also accouipauterl
a table The sites of cylinders, sod the smotint
or rester to be raised by-• given force of *teem.
This curious and snipe iseasoir forms in import-
rut link in the chain of hanorieal evidence which
tends to prove that the English, though not the
actual inventors of the steam-eogioe. were. at least,
the first to apply its stupendous powers to soy um-
ful practical result.

PRIVATE CoRRESPONDEACF.

[From as Evtolog Piper.]

" BOLOGN•, 11011Z11181.1t 10.

, .
" Societies. modelled on the present system of
the world, NOM to render war itidtspeinable; but it
has been long lamented that a plan could not be
devised to prevent the effusion of human blond, and
the destruction of our fellow-creatures. Philoso-
phers, in their philanthropic speculations, have
often recommended Sovereigns to discuss their pre-
tensions, and amicably decide what should be con-
ceded,and what should be refused— to circumscribe
unruly ambition, and preserve the territories of the
feeble. Their wishes have been realised, and a
Congress of Monarchs is formed ; but what a body
of malcontents has it excited ! The Reformists;
who so exclaimed at bloodshed, who so lamented
the death of the Lancastrian traitors, have taken
alarm that measures are adopted to prevent disturb-
ance, and harmonize the world. Yon have, Sir,
mistaken the Radicals : it is not sober discussion, it
is not peaceable reasoning, they require ; it is over.
whelmiiig States, it is the subversion of every reign.
fir the favourite one of anarchy. If to the Revo-
lution had succeeded a just and free Government,
some pretext might be offered for regretting its
abolition; but if not one patriot was found, horn
Mirabesu to Bonaparte, but all were atrocious im-
postors, all veiling their ambition under the garb of
public good—and when all jarring interests were
confounded and subjugated in the Emperorship—
and when all the evils were concentrated, and in
greater activity than ever, under this extraordinary
usurper—it is evident that murder and theft are
their order of the day, and no constitution, or the
peace and happiness of the world.
" The immense fin tune* of the family of Bona-
parte astonish the beholders. I occupy a palace that
lately belonged to Lucien; it was not grand enough
for him ; lie has purchased the moat magn:6cent
palace that could be obtained, but yet is outrivalled
in mansion and display of living by Prince Bag-
giochi. They are suffered to enjoy, peaceably and
unmolested, the wealth they ransacked riom France,
arid pillaged from invaded nations. Vicissitude of
fortune has effected no change in the Bonapartean
pride; all the daughters of Lucien call themselves
Princesses, and will answer to no other appellation ;
they are short clumsy girl., with no more appear-
ance of personal elegance than of mental dignity;
fur, whatever distinction they arrogate, they hare
no endowment to discriminate them from the lowest
Bolognese females. The manners of Prince Bei-
giochi are a burlesque. as illiterate and as coarse as
• dray-horse. I know of no parallel for him but
the brute Bergami.
• _

"'NOVEMBER t 4.
" The English Journals often etou tit the eccen-
tricities of avaricious men, the ma yof their par-
simony, the madness of eilduriyg every privutiim
of comfort, to amass wealth fur an unpitying in-
heritor; and the base, the silly, and cruel means
by which it is often accumulated ; let me relieve
the disgusting series by the narrative of a enntra.ted
character, who, instead of hoarding weal t:i ii cofferr,
participates their contents with whoever needs them.
Aaron Cardozo out-rivals the minacence
dad Sultans, and realize* the fictions of Arsbian story.
With a princely fortune, he possesses the mean., ant
with a generous soul, the spirit to exerctte an unex-
ampled benevolence. Gobraltar,the place of lit• birh,
testifies to the various large pecuniary donation..
made to distressed objects of all descriptions. As he
an English subject, his generosity has been dirrt.--
more towards the English than to any other nation ;
and innumerable testimonials of acknr.,wlellgrue:it
and obligation are given him from the Governors arni
military chieti of Gibraltar. Influential and peen -
Diary aid have been afforded, in moments of engem..
exigency, to our army and nary ; the public thank.
of the whole garrison, drawn Mit on parade, and of
our marine commanders, have been rendered bins,
the most solemn manner, for his protection, and pro-
moting the measures of Government. However satin
in his attachment, and firm in his allegiance, to Eng-
land, he has been bountiful to alig.tfirers, whether
harassed by political disturbandli or persecuted
for religious tenets. in the midst of r‘volutte.n.
ary tumult and divervity of patties. all Inn.
Mons are in unison with respect to Mr. Care:mt,
and the Spanish nation have recently dr
public thinks, and recorded iu their r
"ligation the kingdom owes him, for It

nary liberality to the SpaitiA refugees.
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