The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1826-10-10 00:00:00

COVENT-GARDENTHEATRE.

To ItI2TTOW Evening, iVEDNESD.ii, October 11. will be performed the
Opera of
OUT MANNERINO.
Henry Bertram, Mr. Sapio I Domini* namp.on, Mr.NT. Farren ; nand?*
D. rmont, air. Evans. Lucy Illertrun, Iliac Patun , Julia alausterint,
MiaCawee; Meg Merriam, Mrs. FlPielt.
After which,
THE SCA PE.DOAT.
O'd Ragtime, Mr. Blanchard ; Charles, Mr. tiorrelinw ; !instills Polyglot,
dtr.W. Parma; Robin, Mr. Megdowa. ldolty Magri, Miss Jones.
To conclude with the Farce of
RAISING TIIR WIND.
Jeremy Midler, Mr. Jones ; Plalnivity, Mr. Blanchard ; SM. Mr. Evans.
Laurens Durable, Mrs. Davenport Peggy, Miss J. Scott.

POSITIVELY TO.MORRoW WEEK ALL I.OI7IP:RIEN END IN
fRIS KINGDOM. SIX or ,E 30,1100, &e. Jerre,ooo. IN ONE DAY.

rho Bet ?Isis P re- eiseamnt eneid:pMishiag yesterday

tnerninc nr livo cecina.

LONDON, TUESDAY, Octona 10, 1820.

we received yesterday the French morning Papers of
Saturday, and the Blade dated Sunday. The only ha-
p:Twit deco:rent in the latter Journal we have noticed in
another part of our Paper. The reports which several of
eft: foreign Journals have given, as to the breaking up of
the confercncea at Akerntann, the concentration of the'
army of Bessaral.la, and the augmentation of the Austrian
army, are considered by the Efi.;ie es intended only to dis-
terb the public mind, without there being any real ground
of alarm. For, as to the suspension of the conferences, it
is well known that it was tecasioned solely fur want of
sKlkiently extensive powers on the part of the Turkish.
Commissioners, which difficulty bad since been obviated
Lv the Russian ultimatum, transmitted to Cons:antinople,
t!-e result of which could not yet be known. With regard
to the army of Bessarabia, its concentration, as every body
knew, bed long since taken place; while the pretended
segmentation of the Austrian troops was wholly unfounded.
toile is also very indignant at the intelligenv. given
by other French Journals from the Peninsula, especially
the Courricr Francais and the Marini Blanc, whose
account of the seditious movements on the part of the
Royal Guard it flatly contradicts. What authority the
Etoile has for this does not appear ; but, as it says of the
Co&rvier Francais, we can easily comprehend the interest
which it has in giving false intelligence with regard to the
affairs in Spain.
Famrcti Fusus.—f. per (V.:4. !IA 2k.; 3 per Cents. 68f.
Sue.; 4 per Cent. Annuities, 1 i ;6e. ; Bank Actions, 20371. Mk.
Nsapclitan Rene!, 731%

The Efoile of Sunday contains the letter of the French
Admiral ROSA MI I. to the Brazilian Admiral PINTO
Guccils, which we gave on the 12th September, from the
Spectacle,. Braaikilo. We also inserted at that time the
&rawer of the Brazilian Admiral. To the letter in parti-
cular we called the attention of our readers, observing
tat the Brazilian Commander had chosen, for defending
. himself against the enforcement of the principles avowed
in the treaty of armed neutrality, preci.ily that ground
which it must always be the duty of in English statesman
to take. The Spvtadvr of the Y2d and 2341 June contained

a correspondence between the Brazilian Admiral and the
Britich Consul at Montevideo, but we do not believe that
v:is f.tihjoet can go any further. The Elude appears to say
that the Brazilian Admiral founded his defence merely
upon a French orlormance of Jot;1 whereas he has showed
cearly that the maritime law of 170; has continued the
same down to the present period, wi:h r.o other modifica-
tion than that which his been introduced into the ev!eu-
tron of it by the spirit of the age. We republish the
answer from our paper of the 12th &lumber, in order to
remove any such impression.

REPLY TO HIS EXCELLENCY TINE ItEAR•ADMIIAL CON-
.SIOIDING IDE NAVAL DIVISION OF 1119 NOST CHRIS.

TIAN MAJESTY IN SOUTH AMERICA.

Fite uncle signed Admiral. cornmandb•g the naval forces al*.
iliverty the Emperor of Brazil. in Rio da Prate, and the blockade
on the ports of the I{l:public of Buenos Ayres, having received the
note of his Excellency the Rear-Admind, dated the ('h inst.. con-
cerning the examination which was made of the papers of the French
en/Minot king the Cosmopolite, ob‘erves from it that hi. Excel-
lerey the Brom-Admiral pletends tit it certain p•inctpter should be
übserved,which he classifies as a part of the law of nntions,

'• Ist. That the flag nrotects the merchandise (except it becon-
traband warlike stores).
" 2d. That the visiting of a neutral vessel by a vessel of war
must be made with all possible ease.
" fd. That the only contraband attieles are warlike stores, fire.
arms, powder, balls, be.
4th. That every Power has a right to give convoy to its mer-
chant ships, and that in MlCii a ease the declination of ti,e Can.
minder of the 'felel of war is suf7.cient to justity the Bog and cargo
the stilSele under COIN toy.
" sth. That no port is blockade.) by a squadron, everts• whet:
here is 119. evident risk of entering it t but nn moors; verse) can
be preveAftl from entering a pot formally blockatl.al by a force
width it sot present at the time when the vend presents itself,
whatever may b- ti.e eater nt the removal of the blockading force,
whether raised by wools or by the necessity of procuring pro-
visions."

CIIS2 being pointed out in which the rules of visiting were
iryongeo; as swat in the second reticle, and the contents of the
lOorth article not heing applicable In the present eiren.nstences. in
"on'er that the poitit may be reduced to a single question, the Hear_
Admiral will dispense him ll'into fineries) from memioning those,
and he will mention ably so much of the others es may he of Mi.
pteariee, and may rcllte to die commission with which the under.
strata% been eiargett.
rite law of nuon;:a rests and 114 founded upon the law of nature,
aef the laver is founded upon reason. Its priudpless therefore,
are always. the 'Mille and unchangeable.
The }Tench nation published an tVnler, dated the .23,1 of July.
1794, and in it his Excellency the Rzar.Adroiral will find the fol.
bole, anielvs
' • Art.l. And in like • * irier'his Majesty prohibits the stopping
C. ;cwt.; belonging to pros/ Princ!:s selling from the ports of any
or the Staltm,which are et:lier nenteVor allied to his Illajesty, to go
to a Stateslm unusual or pUkd to his, Majesty, provided they be
poi laden with ittetchandiot of his enemies. whether raw or menu.
tactunal it in which case the merchandise will be o fair capture, and
vie vessel,. will be nrinvecil to proceed.
••-Art. 4. Ili. ril.ijeoe forbids l ie privateers to slop vessels be.
tinging to the ltt‘oi.,..l.nr neutral Princes ailing from she Mt* of
a State allied to Mt
.Almjesty, nr neetral, and bound for a port
l•krstile to hit Msjesty : 'provided there be not in the said vessels any
cotostrand riests, either raw or marinfaetirol, Ir:hinging to the
enemies 9r his Majesty ; in which case the gricidt 811311 be a fair
ond the vessels will he aliowed to proceed.
'• Art 5. And nevertheless. if in :It; eases u•cmloned la the first

four articles of the present regulation there were in the neutral
vessels Mitts belonging to the enemies of his 51ajero_y, the vessels
and all their cargoes, conformably to the 7th Attifle, under the
title of ' Captures; in the Order of the month of August, 1681.
" Art. 6. Newels belonging to the subjects of neutral States,
which shall have sailed from the ports of a State hostile to his Ma-
ies.y, and shall have token cargoes. :n whole or in part, fur the
Stotts of another Prince not their own, whether he be an ally of his
3lajetoc, neutral rr hostile, may he stopped and brtitight to this
kingdom, and shall be declared good prizes with their cargoes, even
Ili they should be freighted on the account of the subjects of his
Majestic, or of a State allied or neural."
Oa the 21st of October, 1711, another Order was published, con-
taining tht following article:—
" Alt. 5. If in the cages. Ric. there were found in the said neutral
vessels, of whatever nations they should be, goods or effects be-
longing to the t nemies of his Majesty, the goods or edicts shall he
goad Prizes. even if they should not have been nianufactnred in the
enemy's country ; but nevertheless the vessels shad' be permitted to
proceed."
In the original regulations of the French Marine, in August,
1681. the following article occurs.—
" Art. 7. All vessels which shall be found bitten with goods be-
longing to our enemies, and the inerchatolise of our subjects or
+Wes, in an enemy's vessel, shall also be good trines."
The undersigned has the honour to apprize his Excellency the
Rev-Admiral that lie does not traractibe the above .articles from
the French regulations. in order rt szrve an a :tale, an they neither
l arc the law of the empire of Brazil, nor are any principles similar to
these restrictions hi practice. They were transcribed simply to show
that. even by the lows of France, the assertion that the Hag covered
the cargo was untenr.hie: and iu order to show also that in those
times, in which the reins of fiovernment tv....re in the hands of the
legitnnate Sovereigns, even • French privateer meeting neutral
vessels with an enemy's cargo, not only took the cargo under the '
neutral !lag, but even the neutral vessels themselves were declared'
good prizes.
From all this expo* it follows, that if this first principle of the
note of his Excellency the Rear Admiral be a port of the law of
nations, it was Franee that dismembered that law by the above-
mentioned regulations:
The treaty by which the opinion of the 'lcor-Admiral is COM.
borates', formed between the Powers of the Norh, in 1780, and
known by the title of the Treaty of Amid Neutrality. without
doubt Intel for its object to agree upon the principle of the first arti-
el.: by a convention, and to incorporate it as maritime law ; yet it
cannot be shown that the Powers wide!' did not form a part of that
league of the armed neutrality recognise.rsit when peace was con-
cluded, though that was its object. Neither can it be shown that in
the lust peace of Vienna, or in the Congresses which followed it,
any indernitifications were granted for the merchandise in the yes.
set, thus captured, though France never respected goods under
neutral flags (sometimes as reprisals), nor even in the territory of
neutral nations, without its being possible in that case that there
should be any question of reprisals,
Considering that there is so great a diversity of systems on this
same principle, we might, without a scruple, call it the law of con-
venience instead of the hew of rations.

And who is ignorant that neutral Powers assisting in this way
any of the Belligerent Powers commit hos:it:des against the!
other; inurimuch as, by mainteining its commerce, it enables it bet-
ter to continue the war? or who iingnorant that one of the greatest
evils witch can be dime to an enemy is to divert his commerce?
and ty the principles referred to, this resource is rendered useless.
That the Government of Brazil adopted the principle that the flag
does not corer the cargo—s principle acted upon by all nations in
the last war which took place iu Enrope—his Excellency the Rear-
Admiral must be well aware, since he must recollect that a treaty of
commerce, made oo the Ilkh of October, 1825, established it ac-
cordingly in its 17th Lrtiele. This treaty, though not published
ofßcially, was printed entire in • newspaper, the Diario Firma-
arose, of the 12th of November of that year, and was never contra-
dicted, a circumstance which indicates at least an assent to its
doctrines : and if there has been • delay in its ratification, on ac-
-Icount of some explanations which were judged necessary, it cannot
be supposed that it was concerning those principles which England
hat constantly followed.
The example of the system acted upon by France in the war
against the Cartes of Spain p.oves nothing; for, in.tesd of being
an exception from circumstances, the assisance which his :Host
Christian Majesty gave to his Catholic Majesty, to free him from
the coeicion in which the Cones held him, was not a war of one
nation against another; and in consequence of this circumstance,
exceptions were made in the blockade of Cuba.
Contraband warlike mortis, said, in Article 3, tohegood prizes, do
not reptire to go to blockaded ports in order to become such. 'f;ic
following Article of the French Regulations of NM affords a proof
of this :

" Art. 11. Arms. powder, balls. and other warlike stores. even
horses and equipages, which shall be transported for the service of
tto enemy. shall Fe confiscated in whatever vessels they may be
found, and to whomsoever they may belong, whether to our sub-
jects or a1e..."

Vith blockaded ports all commerce is prohibited, and cons ••
fluently all goods are contraband, inasmuch as their importation
is made in the lace of the recogoition which the respective cloven.
meats make of the blockade by puhlishing it, as it is intimated to
them. Speculators who run the risk from avarice in the face of
the declaration and recognition of thee' Government, have for their
ohjeet to elude the block ttle, by which they commit hostilities
against the nation which enforces it ; aril for dull temion it is i',4l-
- that the mini...bu:tit, in case of capture. shell be a lows
both to the owners of the cargo and those of the vessel. If this
Plan were not pi:rimed, all would attempt to elude the blockade.—
f hese principles are so wise that it appears impossible they should
be celled in question.
As, in the sth article in the note of his Excellency, the Rear-
Admiral complains, though indirectly, of the manner in which the
blockade is enforced, as he had already thine on the 26th of May
la.t, the undersigned. in order to satisfy his Excellency, will say
thus much :—ln the Rio dm Prata alone are three ports belonging
to the territory of the empire of Brazil. and belonging to the ene-
mies of Brazil ; and as these are blockaded, and the method of best
enforcing it is intrusted to the undersigned, in whatever port his
Excellency the Rear-Admiral may meet ships of the squadron of
his Majesty the Emperor of Brat 1 in the Rio da Praia, he may un-
derstand that that service forms a part of the method or system
adopted, and which has for its object to hinder the passage and the
entrance to the blockaded ports; anti certainly this method cannot
be considered Ices eifteaCilUll than that by which France declared
the British isles in a state of blo:kade, anti his Britannic Majesty.
on the other hand, declared in a state of blockade all the ports of
those nations which should be occupied by the French armies. And
his Excellency knows very well that the ;Bizet' taken from neutral
Powers in these cases were all judged lawful. If it should be said
that this and some other factsreferred to inok'place whileon usurper
was 'mated on the throne of France, the circumstance of there beatg
to indemnificetion, and that of the French nation still being
governed, for the most part, by the same ordinances, regulations,
and laws, may be considered as a sufficient answer to any such
objection.
The undersigned has thus duly replied to the protest which his
Excellency the Rear- Admiral Intimated to him by his note of the
lit h instant, his Excellency having the power, if lie should nut be
satisfied, to base recourse to the means Indicated in the same note;
nothing remaining for the undersigned but to renew his protests.
Lions of being...

%Tith the greatest consideratian and roped,
Ili, most and obedient servant,
PINTO OULDES.
On board the frign•c Piranea, off' 31ontevideo,
du;“: 7,

The Times speaks of the article which we extracted yes-
terday from the Lit. rm.!, Ga::eltc in a manner which calls
for our unqoalified approbation. The &Writ Press is of
no party, where the good of the country is concerned. We
admit at onca the advantages of a national paper as the
tneditem of circulation, as well as the danger of its being
used for improper purposes, if the power of issuing it were
to fall into unprincipled hands. There is no act of the
i!
Legislature; and no prerogative of Royalty, which can pro-
duce more impel-tam effects on tne state of the public, than
the issues of money by the Bank of England. The pro-
patina of all Englislunen are placed in its hands ; they are
so placed by the Acts of the Legislature itself, and, without
a direct violation el the public faith, they must, for some
time at least, still continue. so. The Batik of Eng-
land
is a great hotly, and feels itself connected with
the welfare of the nation. The dangers arising from such
a system are cow:cline:lily diminished in its hands ; but
those which proceed from the system of private bankers
manufacturing notes, without ally comparison of their re-
spective issues, arc unmitigated by any consideration of
this sort. Stich a rower as that of raising and diminishing
the value of property at pleasure ought to be placed in no
hands bat that of the Legislature. We do not say it eught
to he placid in the hands of Government—because we ac-
k;:owiedge, with our contemporary, that all Governments
are nut like the present, and that there would be great
dancer of abuse if the power of issuing paper money were
n to Ministers, without the express consent of the
Legisletttre for every note that could be issued. This is a
suLj, et which calls fur the most serious attention of
Parliament. Unica; the power of issuing paper money be
entirely destroyed (which it would not only be unjust to do,
hut impotisible),
it is absolutely necessary that there should
be some Species or
larger notes, to which a greater de-
gree of security should be attached than ever can be
attached to private paper. The very existence of such
notes would form a barrier against the over-issue of
nsecure paper, because they would supply the blank in

THE BRITISH PRESS.

the circulating credit of the country which was formerly
supplied by country bank-notes and private bills. As the
security of national paper would he almost perfect, provided
the arrangements for preventing forgery were complete,
such notes would constantly bear a premium above all
other species of paper ; and the issuing of them being un-
der the control of the nation as much as it can possibly be
at present, we should possess a certain guarantee by this
means against the recurrence of the numerous calamities
which bare repeatedly arisen from iniunanagement in the
matter of paper money. The property the nation would
thus once more be placed in the hail& of the nation itself.
These are observations which occurred to us on this sub-
ject before the publication of the article in the Lilerary
Gazelle, and which we are now happy to avow more dis-
tinctly, under the sanction of our contemporaries. IVe only
advance them as suggestions deserving attention. iVhile
on this subject, it may be proper to allude to the proposals
for paying off the national burdens by an arrangement
which would operate as a change in the denomination of
our coins. Projects of this kind might do very well for
France before the Revolution, and were, in fact, the inva-
riable resort of the BorneoNs under the old system ; but
they will never meet with the approbation of English Mi-
nisters, while they continue to be such as English Minis-
ters ought to bp. If there were no legitimate method of
lessening the burdens of the country, it might be necessary
to spoil the public creditor of his interest, without repur-
chasing his capital ; but we are happy to state it as our
opinion that Ministers are not yet reduced to any such
bungling expedients.

.
MI , MONDAY EVENING.

This has been a dies non in point of business in the
British Stock Morket. The tifor.s of the Ikars in their
last rush on Friday failed of producing the desired cfEcts,
and Consols have remained the whole day at WI; 3 for
money, and Thursday; S3l A for the f2stit November;
and all panics busy in arranging their accounts for the
settlement.

The For, ign has nat been more auspiciously employed
than the Home Market. Itlexican Bonds have not varied
above a half per cent., one of the best proofs that can be
adduced of how little is going on. At the close they were
61i to 1. Colombian Bonds are somewhat more brisk at
33i. The private letters from the Carracas repeat the
assurance of there being a very good understanding be-
tween Bottena and Pa Ez ; that being the case, no doubt
conciliation will shortly be effected, and some modification
be made as to the form of Government most eligible to be
adopted. Should such be the result, it is confidently ex-
pected that some arrangements of these dividends will
shortly take place. Chilian are stationary, with a very
heavy market ; and Spanish are scarcely named. Greek
arc rather better at 13/ to 11,t. Whatever may be the
termination of the Greek war, it would appear that its
decision is not likely to depend on the supply of means
from this country.
There is something doing in Shares. Bolanos, Tlalpuza-
hua, and Brazilian, are all advancing in price.
In respect of the alteration of Mr. Wzrzes it Lt.'s list
on Friday last, as mentioned on Friday and 'Saturday, the
Committee of the Stock Exchange has come to the resolu-
tion that Mr. Isis.% It I:8 conduce was highly censurable,
contrary to the rules and regulations of the Stock Ex-
change, and deserving of reprimand ; and that he was to
consider himself reprimanded accordingly. The Com-
mittee having come to this highly proper determination,
it is not necessary to pursue the subject further here.
From the circumstance of the firmness of prices to-day,
purchasers have not been so numerous as is usual on a
Monday's market. The quan'ity of Oats imported this
week varies little from that of last, being nearly 10,000
quarters, but holders are by no means disposed to lower
their quotations; and the consequence is, purchases have
been limited to mere matters of necessity, each party hold-
ing the other at arm's length: it remains to be seen which
will have the best of it. Fine samples of iVheat go off at
a very brisk pace, but the inferior commodity finds a very
heavy market. Best Hurley and Malt are in request at
an ativance of two shillings, and other grain generally sup-
ports the prim of last week. _ _ _

The I"ostmmter-General has this day promulgated the
following new regulation as to the mails for Mexico, St.
Domingo, Cuba, and Jamaica:—

" General Post-office, Oct. 9, 1826.
" For the future an adtli Tonal mail fur Jamaica will be made up
in London, on the third WLdnenday in every month, to be conveyed
by packet from Falmouth, which will also take out the mail for
:Mexico, which has hitherto gone by the Jamaica mail of the lint
Wednesday in t. very month. lAtteri for St. Domingo (Hayti), and
for Cuba (Havannah), will be forwarded by this packet—those for
St. Domingo to be charged as letters fur Jamaica, and those for
Cuba as letters for Illexico.

" The postage upon .uch letters must he paid in this country.
" No letters for the other British West India Islands, or for Co-
lombia, can be tot warded by this mail.
The first mail under this regulation will he made up on Wed.
nudity, the lath inetant."

We have received Gibraltar letters and papers to the 17th
ult. The post from Madrid to thegarrison was interrupted
by one of the numerous detachments of robbers that infest
the mountainous country on the route. There is a report
that they have made a descent in considerable numbers on
the towns on the eastern coast.

St. Petershurgh Journals to the fad September have
been received, but they arc only remarkable for omitting
all further notice of the diff..rences with Persia. A new
Ministry has been created in Russia, under the title of
Minister of the Imperial Court, apparently similar to the
French Minister of the Household. Prince IVolkonaky is
placed at its head.
The Brussels Papers which have retched us go far to
prove that the dreadful explosion at Ostend was not the
result of acciden::—

Elaussrit.s, OCT. s.—His Excellency Count de Celle% Am-
bassador from the Netherlands to the Court of Rome, set out yea-
temayevening for Paris, 'thence he will proceed to Rome.
OCT. 6.—rt is reporteil that the Austrian army will be organi.ed
in a different manner, and be divided, like the itussiattund Pros.
elan armies, into erps, which will be k-ipt at the full complement
even in time of peace, and ready to twitch at the shortest notice.
'abate corps will be stationed, without division, in the several pro.
since* of the empire.
M. hiefinans, chief clerk in one of the offices at ()stead, who
hang himself on the 2cl. is said to have lett on his table a note, as.
signing as a motive Mr his suicide that he had deposed to some cir-
cumstances relative to the catastrophe of the 19th Rep:ember,
which. thinigh true, he coulu not prose. The fear of being pro.
secured on this account seems to have led hint to this desperate act.
The foliowing is given as a copy of the note:—
" Dear Parents—l have declared more than I can peeve though
innocent. I run the risk of being prmecuted; yet I saw all 1 have
stated. Forget your unhappy son. (Signed) MAN S."
The Courtier du Pays Das says, all the Lust letters front Os-
tend agree that it is at length proved that the catastroph: which has
plunged Oat most unfortunate tows in mourning was the work of
malevolence. Repasts say that the much which caused the explo-
sion was placed there a few minutes before it took place. The
suicide of M. Lielmans is calm heel to cenlirm these reports.
The Dutch Papers bring intelligt nce that the attack on
the native insurgents, which our went Mforination from
Ilatavia antic: paled, took place on the 9th of June, and
was successful :

Ilaanr.t: sr, Oct.. G —Accounts from Batavia, of the Ilith of
June, announce that a detachment of the Netherland troops, com-
manded by Colonel Cochius, had proceeded by Djiwjirearta to the
Kraton Pleret, in which the insurgents bad fortified themselves. and
where, on a former occasion. it had not been thought advisable to
:mark them. It was, however, taken on the nth June. The
Nedierland troops consisted of two columns of Infantry, under
Major Elout and La iron„ a division of cavalry, one of artillery, a
reserve under Captain Koelmati, and about 3,0011 natives from the
surrounding Dessas.
All the approaches of the Kraton having
been occupied, an attempt was made to blow up the walls, which
having aucceetled, the scaling ladders were employed, and, 4' fter a
long engagement, our troops made themselves masters of the fort.
Our loss consisted of eight killed, among whom was Lieut. Krus-
tetiburg, and 40 wounded. The )0,..• of the enemy was not less
than 400 killed, a number of wounded. 40 prisoners, several stand-
ard.' sad some cannon. Both the Netherland and Javanese troops
deserve the greatest praise fur their bellav iota on thin OCCA.tion.--tic.
cutups from Groningen of the 2d Oct. say, that though the number
of deaths has decreased, that of the sick continues to increase. In
Friesland the disonler was still unabated. In the hemmer. &e.
rot one house was free. It Is calculated that ten times as many
lemons die as in ordinary times.