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ewe; he called them infautout Mars inasmuch as
they were begun and cartird•on without necessity.,
The landowners had Allays been found the ready,
supporters of the adoissereei of Goverainentduring
the wee; and with lhe..like. suboeselersey and .blind
confidence, they supported, the properition of the
Right hloonurable hilialtabee for Oxford, voider the
pressure of which they-were now groaning. He
was perfectlY satisfied, that. the- only May to
'relieve the agricultural as. as the other classes
oldie country, wan to retiree• the amount of the
tinessiun as low as pomible, end to effect that the
utmost possible economy end retrenchment in every
branch of the public expenditure should be rigidly
enfirced. He believed he wet the only mast in
the House who in 1819, although concurring in
the principle of the measure then adopted, yet
'foresaw the difficulties it would engender, and the
lerest inns, of evil that meet cone. Ile *ow
that it must be productive of oppressive injustice
ba every side, by its operation upon contracts end
engagements entered into in a depreciated state Of '
the currency ; but he also saw the necessity of the .
`preteeeding, and the ultimete -benefit, of which
those sufferings were the necessary price. He coo-
chided by giving his hearty support, to the motion.
The Ctlancam.na,of that Excuiq&taa, in rising
to oppose the, motion, of the Hoti. Member for
Laser, 'doer the in:leveret coarse of argument
elsithiusddseen -pursued, wished to rec.' the stunt-
? Ant of the House to the question immediately
before 11.—f Hear, hear.)---The Hight Hoo. Gen-
demon then proceeded to:onforce his own. view of
the
,oubjec4,.ban• thrimighout the greater part of
his speech he-eras--wholly inaudible in the gallery.
Iler.cotitentled, sod he wag sure the Honourable
Member opposite could not deny it, that the !mi-
shit-sr of the tax in 1819 had fully answered the
-expectation of the House. • The Hon. Gentleman
who spoke Ina, would hove them at once'reject the
measure which the House had' adapted in 1819, of
a new sinking fund ; but he (the Chancellor of
the Eaehequer) contended, that the-advice of the
.14on. Gentleman, would, if adopted, oblige Orin
to the—he would not call it infainous,•because any
env towards the preservation of good faith and the
fitlfilmetit of our engagements, would, after all,
have the merit of honesty—but it would force them
to the injurious expedient of borrowing money
wherewith. to ply the interest of the debt. The
iinuournitic. Member for Essex contended, that
the. isereuse of the duty had caused a more than
preportintrete diminution in the coniumptia; but
it would appear to the House that he had by 'no
mums token itn accurate view of the returns before
the 'loose. In the first place it would appear from
these returns, that the repel! of the war duties iii
•1816, did not relieve the agiiculture or the coon-
try,• by producing any increase of the consumption
in the succeeding years. 'lite 'average quiaittity
of rusk :charged to the duty in the three years,
from the sth July, 1816, when the war-duty
was repealed, to the sth July, 1819; when the ad-
ditional duty was reimposed, was something
Um than 22,000,000 bileitein, nearly 111,080,090
bushels sinuosity, while the average quatititj
chugged for- the three years preceding the re-
paid of wee 26,390,000 bushels. Ije
eavuot so absurd as to argue that the decrease oil
the duty had prodoeed the diminution of the
cossaraption at that period, but what he meant to diem woe,
ihs• it had not waded its increase the conshmption ; wither
had Ilse effect of reimposiog the deny in 1819 caused any
diiisiintion of ibe. quantity charged to the duty, onthe eon.
Iraq it bad increased since that period, for the actual guan.
lily timed during the year, which succeeded the ley.
toe oh• of the additional duly, ',hewed au increase of
1,200,900 brabels upon hurt of the year- preceding.
Ilfhat he contended for was; • that is an article of such a
very general runansuptiun say thieisaiatiens, of the price
could not materially vary 'the WO% out 11.1 the COO.lnarliOn•
The same results, or nearly, herald, would be gathered front
amparionu -of the returns of milt, spirits, und beer, fur the
maw periods. This skewed that the burden-of the tax fell
Out upon the farmer exelualvely, nor eves prioripally,
bet npot the consulate, He appealed to the Hew,
whether the operatiuu of any tax cuald be more generally
diffused • than that now under consideration. With
reapers to 'the ' complaint made by an Honoarable
Member teem '.9cottaitil, or sh, rgostie,tioo of the malt
duties, be must beg lesvelo remind- the Hon Member that
it bad sot beer dune without the Niko!), ledge of the Oen-
tlemen (runs that ?art of the country. lu considering the
desire expressed by the him. Member fur a partial retortion
of the tot in that part of the cuutsfri; it should nut be for-
-gegen -thatllitee misted between it and the southern divi-
sive of. the inland a free trade in corn; and, 'if the duty
in malting were lower there than in England, English
barley eight be imported into bouthiail, to be malted
three,. and Afterwards re imported luteEngiand, by wheels
the duty' would be evaded. It was impossible, there-
fore, to assent to auy partial reduction of the tax it that •
part of-the kingdom. With respect to the observaliornof
she same How Member on the falling off of the revenue on
distillation in Scotland, he was slut •ity mute than the
Honourable Member in possession of thi details; but all
the infermstion he possessed ou the subject led him
in atirietudeohat the honourable Member coy incorrect
is suppostisg the slimiussiion to be so • 'itemise as he hod
stated. There bad undoubtedly beets some dimiuntion in
she quantity of spirit', ebarged with the duty on distillation in
Airolloadi Mal, believer, was, not wising to the inmate of .
illicit distillation; but, in order to evade the duty on malt,
obey tried the effect of distilling from the raw grain, wb;tb
yielded a smaller quantity of spirit than grain whiols lied
bet 111• matted. The Honorable Measlier for Essex had M.
iroduried a variety of topics, which were Whir lilted fur the
discussion of Me Committee up stairs, into whirh he there-
fore did not intend to follow him. The hight Honourable'
Aecnitenimn added a few noire observations, whit?' the low.
tone is which they acre giseii, sod the noise iu the Hour,
presentee as freer collecting.
M r.IIIACK Etat It said, when the returns from Scotland
to which he hail toluded were on the table, the Hight Hon.
a:contemn would find that he (Mr. Mackenzie) had reason
to know srh,ii he had punted to be correct.

-- •
Thu CH A NC U. 11.1 tit of the EQUER
Losth% HAMILTON said, its the niter-hopelessness ninth
Ins snel.hts countrymen enlist feel of making may impreAlost
on the •Ittight Hun. Genth men in any ease where a tat was
conceit!' d, he must gloat, avail himself of the slight chance
of hototht to his resume, which the motion of his .Huis.
friend afforded,' by giving it his support. The Right Hon.
Gentleman said, that the taking off the war duly in 1846,
vas out followed by so that ase of consumption. But,
%hawser effect the tethering of the duty in ordinary cases
might fusee upth the consumption of au article by tending
lu lessen the price, he submitted that it could not *literate
spots tbu crop; and any Gentleman who remembers what
the crap in the year 1817 was, must know that it was not hale
ctuy• If, therefore, the repeal of the duty could have au y
effNt at all upon the consumption, 1819 ass the first year
to sloth it conletoperate after it was taken .11. Ilut with
that promptitude and eagerness for a new tax, whit!,
was chsrseteristic of Chancellors of the Exchequer, lie-
u"e the trimsl of the duties did nut begin to ope-
rate iu four or Gra mouths, he lost no time in 'mpg's.
tug then, all again, as soon as ever the time Moe ohet"the
Olen of the repeal spa likely to be felt. Hut if this tax,
as the Right Hen. Gentleman asserted, really aid nut affect
Inc agrirwiture of the en 1111 l ry, he (teal' A. Hnmilttm)
should like it, know how it bappourd, that, atipported al the

ditty. It might p. ably !mimeo that grain imported
into Scotland, and malted there. had been re.impurted late
England, but the amount could not be considerable, and he
thought could by no means justify so disproportannie an
Increase of the duly. He cotiteiseled also that the duty so
raked afforded a bounty to illicit dittilletion which it was
almost impoesible to resist. Its operation there was 0.0
rendered more oppressive by the elitference of the soil and she
growth of the pain in the two countries. But sifter the ex.
perience he lead bad of the obduracy of Ow Right Hoe.
Gentleman last year on this subject, he had nut the smallest'
hope of his bring induced to accede to the repeal nok the palls•
sent ortasion.
Lord G. CAVENDISH supported the motion as calcu-
lated to afraid relief to the agriculturist. Distress, it was
true, premed more or less 'spun every part of the coarimu.
•ekty. The rommercialased nianufacturing classes were not
withost their share of difficulty, beet still they were, to tote
a CUMI.9II expreatiou, able to keep their loads above water;
was that, however, the state of agriculture? If they looked
twenty years back mot saw that mires were then the same
as at present, but attended also to the enormous increase of
the burdens which had been imposed, he would put it to any
alien to say whether if war possible these bordeus should
_gisalinue to be endured. It was imposeiltk, unless some relief
were afforded, fur tie farmer to Ku on ; mid be was convinced
',that relief to the hitekd intermits and 60. practical farmer,
could in no better way be effected theta by the adoption of
the present motion.
Mr. E. WO DEHOUSE was convinced that against the
priocipleof this lax there could be but one opinion. lie be.
hewed it to have a must pernicious influenee on the
moral character of the country: that it operated in-
leariewsly to the aericulturiet was abundantly proved.
Within hie own kaowledge a malister who was •in tits
habit of preparing 700 quarters, now wetted only 100;
and there was not a malts:re in Norwich and Yarmouth
whose operations had not b,ce,ectlmltiseuese one.thirdriad
others still mare. It Mehl feud lo destroy the cultivations of
Barley altogether. The Hun. Gent. proctedml to vindicate
the farmers and the Isioled proprietors from the observa-
tions of the Hon. Member for Coventry. That Hou. Member
haul charged Hum witbpoliticalsubserviency, and blind ranter. I
vie* to the views of Government. political courtesy, he
ileac ht, might have dictated mote m el terms; the only
• way An which be slitimild reply to them was that in ahsch
they deserved to be met, of the most unqualified contempt.
.?bs How. Member and his friends might ;arrogate tri them-
Delve a, if they pleased, the monopoly oldie political iutieerify
MlCaltecoantry ; as far ache was himself coneerueil, he would
lot attempt to dispute it with theta. To revert to the
Meet ander consideration, the distresses of the Agriculture
Loaf the counsey, if there was any clispomeicos in his Majesty's
Ministers to underrate those elislress..s, they would delude
thheniielows sod ilbr'tonatry. If no bore of relief were bell
Oat, it would soon be foetid that we were fast besieging to
•Illss period rhea fir Magairstes avemillke•nrileduti to issue
seders of tuainteitance ou those whose autistearteWafs already
msahanated. Ifieceocluded by supporting the Melba's.
Mr. ELLICE explained. •
Mr. H. 811.3MNER, in reply ha the observations of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the non-Jnereese of the
consumptive by the taking off of the war ditty, remarked,
that the Right lion. Gentlemau haul nut waived the rise iu
the price of the raw material. The Hun. Member fur Co.
ventry had told them, that the way to counteract the ill-
effects of a fell in price', was to reduce the rate of charges,
bet if he had been on the Committee up stain, he would have
'gonad that ths tenor of the evidence before it was, that there
was no possiledity of reducing the charges. The same Hon.
Member had attributed the perseverance of Ministers in the
Isle war to she slipped given theta by the landed interest;
but lie would msistain, that since man had become a
rartectows anista/—(General laughter)—there never was
a afore popular war than that ; it was, in the fullest
smote, the war of the people of this conutry. He would vole
he every reduction of taxes—(Loud erfes of Hear, hear)—
until they (the agriculturists) would have redress, for re-
dress they most base. But on the present occasion be felt
himself obliged to oppose the motion.
Lord FOLKESTONE. said, that he was sorry the pug.
serious nature of the Him. Member bad not endued bile
with sufficient pertinacity to oppose the systu m of expendi-
ture, even on this °cession, wherein he might have hceu
supposed to have the must powerful inducements. As to
the complaint of the Hon. Member fur Norfolk (Mr. WoJee
house) sir bring charged with subserviency to Ministers, all
he Mudd say was, that the Hon. Member had not during
the course of that war, which be considered so necessary,
Ipso. of the peace which had succeeded, ever withdrawn his•
support form Ministers upon any question tending to lb*:
rcilectionypf the expenses.-(Hear, loser, from the Anita.'
serial side.?- AII be meant to infer Kane that co cuinslimmt.
rase that Minister' hail good renews to complain of the con.
duet of the Hon. Member its supporting them during so long
a period, and withdrawing his support when the obvious'
cuesiterieuces of Meow measures which he bad so strongly.
opposed, called the most loudly upon him fur siaistaate.,
Still the vote of the Him. Member would be very streptil
nhle. Ile (Lord Folkestone) would he glad of the repeal of;
the tax in Tuition, not because it was calculated go glue
particular relief to wieldier', best became. it would elle.
so much general relief to the whole commuoity, whlellavras
Inure dcsirkilic. It was a fallacy to suppose that this
tax wan borne peculiarly by the agricelturima ;, .it
was equelly oppressive their customers. His Lordship
wetel on to say, tlist if was impossible for the country ict
proceedmuch Nether in paying the interest of an mew-nines
debt, to which is calamities were almost all to bmtracell.
it would Ise asked, se would you break faith with
the public creil 1111 l • 1:" Ile was as little inclined as any Mall-
ets break faith when it could Imarstly be lc, pt. But there
were eircunistances in whirls it would nut wily he impussi-
,fats ,to preserve good faith, but wherein it woolut ee-
-1 Wally he an act of good faith to tweak good faith with
the putilie creditor Nation, were subjected to moral as
well as physical impossibilities. It war a mural impose"-
hilltj for a uation ill persevere its seledesonetimi. 'three wpm
a crisis in which it liecatfle a nation to do a more sacred duty,
by segiertiag a duty len warred. The interests of the *bolo'
people moat he superior tic those of a past. It was grow.,
mg snore and more evident every day that it was impossible:
to go on keeping faith with the public creditor, with per.
. feet security too& peace stud freedom of the nation. lie pub
u case : Suppose the invasion mentioned by the mellset Geo
anal last eight, as being talked elf among the Sovereigns of
l.soura, to be inownent, and that in exerting the force:sof
the country it was found to be impossible to pay the public
creditor, mid make the necessary in of and provision
for the tome—would it tint in that case he a greet dereliction
of public dusty nut to break faith with the public creditor
Suppose another case—simpoee the taxes collected to pay
Ike itsterest to Ilse public creditor were funnel to he so
oppressive as to keep the country in • stale of grueral di:s-
uasion,' discontent, amounting to dangerous disaffection,
amt in consequence it were discovered to he needful to keep
the Habeas Corpus Act perpetually suspended—world it not
be a breach of public duty, and sweet of public dishonesty,
nut to bleak faith with the public creditor I Let it out
be ',opposed from this that he and hie Don. Friends sought
immediately to reduce the elitists of the public creditor. Let
Sao use lie afraid of mmirig• eithe Mesa for the repeat
of this tax, from the fear that they would be led thereby to
wrong public faith, which was by theta held to be inviolable;
un the coulter', there was ma 'measure calculated to pre.

)%ighl lionoerahle eminense yak os. most 'ooessionCe•Ly vest the isseach of faint but tile 'Watling of husi and 16
the nodes' intern in that House, sot mei of them was earercement o? reononis ie the.eitablishateuts.
Round to get up is his place and bear him out by Bowleg Mr. HUSK ISSON rose. amidst load cries of.ll Qmselifia!".
that fa his particelar county the taking of of the duty He trusted, that if 'there were we other reason for
could sot have any henellcial effect upon the aricoUure.— bearing hies than the' toYeksiiiti of relieving the ha-
' Adverting particularly to the. Members front the part of the imor of Parliament from some suggestions recently
country with 'whirch he was connected, he believed it woad& thrown oat, as' td the necessity of breaking faith
be atknotledged that they were by no -useins, generally', with the public creditor, that the Ifunse wcoald hetritirn pa-
'speaking, backward in supporting his Majesty's Misistent neat*. He vindicated the honour of the House frtint any
but be thought none among then would be rotted tonsamel • poggnipsnios in that sehemeN which would go to destroy the
forward and sag that this tax was not a grievous oppress ne oat' estillienies which the conatryhul in the measures of Govern-
'the agriculture of that parlor the country to which he belowg.' twasiel, fur fulilling•ell the regigenscuts which the nation
'W. lii the last year the amount of the duty os malt had greatly Mad entered into with li,' bl.l. anli3ects. He defended the
•tweeded the value of the barley in that part of the biog.! eaudeem of those who had eapported the meatier', of Go-
m. The duty iu Srotlaud op to the 4th July, 18196 was vorasseat during the wsr. sad deprecated the slight which
'le. Rh. per bushel, and the additional ditty then laid on was had been thrown on the Sinking Fund, for the support
-la. 101 per bushel. lu Englaud, the duty up to that time 1 of which, and that with a view not to the interest of
it
was 2., 4.1. per bushel, and the addition then imposed was i siork.jubbere, us had been intimated, hat for the advantage
Is. ed.; so that the additional duty imposed iu Scotland! of public clretlit, three millions of new taxes Ind been voted.
exceeded that which before existed, while that imposed at I only two years ago. There was tin way to secure the pre-
the name time in England ans.tunted only to half the previous ' - of good faith with the public creditor, and ',cur-
d, - It air' ' puseii ' ' • English e- ' •

sensation
ing the return of prospers: to the mautry, so effectual as to
allow the tie of the country to inmate, so as to mod
the demands which were upon it. As to the lax in ques-
tion, he thought that if a reduction of taxes were really ad-
visable., that this ought not to he the first tax reduced. He
denisdthat it fell more oppressively on the agricultural than
on any other class. .Ar to the sequel's of the Hou. Menthes.
fur Essex, lie compinincel that they did nut s.t out the
pie-salon in a fair point of view. •I be Hon. Member had
neglected among his averages the years 1800 and 1801,
because, as he said, those years were year, of scarcity, and
it would he unfair to quote the dirnivation against the tax;
but be had made use of returns for other years which were
also years of scarcity (As in 18121, becanse the dimi-
nution of quantity was calculated to increase the effect of
his s.atement. He drilled •generally, add argot(' circtim-
atantially, that the tax had operated to reduce the consump-
tion of malt. He particularly iirstauced the returns of last
year, 1111C11 the tiresome of this las most have been pr.
culiarly felt, if in this respect it could he felt at ail;
from which it appeared that there was actually an in-
creased consumption •of malt and beer. He next ap.
plied himself to the emention of general distress, which
had been alleged to exist among all the separate inte-
rests,. in consequence of the diminution of currency oc-
casioned by the attempt to return to cash payments, and
She relative diminution of the prices of commodities. Divid-
ing the whole: ceminunity tutu three classes, he proposed to
(gamine how the diminution of prices affected the interests
or each The first class was that of labourers, who hurl no
exchaugeable goods to offer in return fur that part of
the produce which they required to consume, and
trifght be supposed to suffer the most from the diminished
value of their labour consequent on the diminution of prices:
The second class he would separate consisted of those who
lived upon the interest of accumulated capital, which, as it
respected them, the proprietors, was dormant : The third
class might be reckoned to consist of those who, uniting
skill, ingenuity, awl industry, with the application of capi-
lplr
gage entPielment to the first. As to the first class, he
maintained that the 'coral effect of diminished or low
Aciecs. mutt be in tbcly 4rour. Fur though the falling of
toininodities led to a rliadisuliott in the price of labour, the
exchange of labour for commodities was more (stowable to
the labourer when prices were low thus when they were high,
and in any alter atiou in prices in commodities the admit-
tato was on the side fatale labourer when prices were falling.
This subject had not escaped the penetrating sagacity of the
lamented author of the Bullion Report, with whose opinions
he had Slit happiness to accord. Thai great man hail remarked
that the price of labour waterloo in,fulluwiug thediminstiou us
other prices. He was prepared in short in prove, if necessary,
by official returns, that the comforts of the class of labourers
bad sot rinly'not been dirifinislo d, but bad actually increased,
as was eitricot from the increased consumption of all those
articles 'which migh( be deemed essential articles of human
life. At the same time that he arl:nitied that in particular
parts of the country there was considerable suffering from
inni'of employment, he maintained that the modifier.' of the
' Mooring population generally had been begetited by
the reduction of prices. As to the second Class, that of
the capitalist, Ake public ansinitaoto, who bad lest
their money to the honour and good faith of the coun-
try, preferring that to any private securities of which they
might have availed themselves, let it nut Le held that
they were merely idle and unprofitable consumer,. They
did nothing personally, it was true, to increase the protium.
lions of the country; but they had lent the savings of their
industry to the Government for the protection of the country.
It was nut because this class derived, as they must du, a cow
siderable advantage from the diminution of prices, that they
worettibircalled on to yield up a part of that advantage. They
had suffered when the case was otherwise, when, by the rising
of prices, their iuterest became of so much less of essential
value. Yet nut one of those Honourable Members who,
like the Noble Lord, called fur a redaction of their in-
terest now pleaded then for the necessity of iocreas•
big it. This class, lie concluded, must have been much
benefited by the alteration of prices, which was at pre-
sent working. lie applied himself lu the third class, who,
by their joint skill, industry, and eapital, kept the first
class in employment. Here be must own the pressure of
declining prices upon good., warehouses, ships, and con.
tracts, contingent spots such possessions must he severely
felt. But their this was the class which had been most
materially benefited by the fluctuation of prices during the
war. An extraordinary' alteration In the value of the cur-
rency had given prices at that lime a teudency to rise. This
• gave a general inducement to Imo mosey capital into fixed
capital. Great sums were vested in the improvement of lands ;
theaccumulation of goods, therbuikling of ships, warehouses,
• end manufattorlea. An•laiiedinale stud undue spirit of spe-
yulatiou pervaded society. The return to a settled and
male natural order of things must be attended with great
' distress to ibis class of persons; but it was not to be re•
reeled as an unmixed evil. The distress might scontinoe
until the nation should be cosipleiely disestiangled from
ra unnatural system of commerce which hod grown
by during the war. Oue of the ;teat evils of that
advance in prices, the mural effect of which was must to be
deplored, was, that it toduked farmets, who bad before done
the work of their farms' by the help of in-door labourers,
to•eugsige, from the deteriorated value of mosey, fur pay-
ment hi that article raibbr thou in' fowl and ludgiogorkigh
were then of so much more 'aloe: A good effect whist, mold'
follow the present 'deiced things was; that the farm-lotanameie
would be restored to the house of-the farmer, there to benefit'
by' the example of prudence, foresight, and saviagnses,
front which that class of persous had been cut off ever since
the waeprices bad made it mote eligible to pay the husband-
men ib money than iss:Aroa and lodging. As to the reduc-
tion of rent ishich•hasl been claimed in conerqueoce of
the advance during former period., he curSsioly thought it
not only wise brit just to diminish the casts in proportion to
the increased value of money, or the diminution of prices, if
those rents bad been formerly increased in cwitrequeopee of
high prices. Ile was ready to admit, however, that great din-
lime must be felt Loth by the landlord and tenant, andn
rousiderahle conflict would necessarily take place in cover
sequence of the mutual difficulties iu which landlorda and
teuauts were plunged by th a measure. The landlords maid:
pot readily reduce the rents, because they had debts on mutt-
gage, lithium", dowries., sod rentscharges, to pay, the im-
moral mount of which had hem fixed dosing a higher rate
of prices. The imam tit distress Iresairse he could nut 111(.4.1
the high rent and other charges in the fallen state of prices.
Ile felt convioced, however, that the country bad gone
through the most trying period of its difficulties, and that
prosperity most be on the return. With this view he
trusted the House would not be tempted to swerve from
I the plan they had so perseveringly adopted, of restor-
ing the country to a wood state of currency, ,and
establishing an order of things which could be more
firmly confided its. Ile wish( I to prove what he asserted,
lay referring Su the case of America, suffering like this coun.
try, and from the operation of the very same causes, He
then read an extract from a Report of the present Session of
Congress, which ran to this effect :—That it was not the
first instance its the history of notions, in which, in a state
of profound peace, a country found itself, truth as to the
acts of govereinient nod of individuals embarrassed wills
difficulties. Agriculture and nianufacturts failed fur want
• of a market not competiog with foreign modem; all
. the national interest were pining, and a remedy must be
found. tutliriduals were supplicating Government for at.