The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-10-03 00:00:00

10 1 H ►i BLit.

No. 1, Come tilu..
IT etnnct Le ru•peeteti that the encomiums we
~.c i.i.,.•.s 1:, ow., an she present Lotter, are dictated
1,1 41".'111" l'i 01.110,r, w!.eri we are aratiooa to have it coo-
sder.`l at °lift 11..*• 7. PI.A#I, or the kiwi of Scheme we
hire s,„ . tt rt mmemdcd ; 101 avowal obWorwly audiocreet, if
1 or'te,e,,ui cold-ideal it •ppeuxismates as 'sear aa possible
. i ", 'Pett,r..•rs, .tad cn.nbistes io a sumsmal degree all 'Moor
1 P,ords tr. uli must °ratite it approval. The Prime's •re all
N kftiost. Ni Stock. Nu Cloatem. Ever) Nombre dream
mntly, tills plenty of C suit do (treh'e the moral 'smasher),
k ""'''f'' *huh are t 'tell, but floating la the Wheel, ao Shut
ALL in,,id be drawn Ow FIRST DAY; awl we are per-
"'4.l. 11, nil she rusk of title induced Contractors to llat
ll.em tur p.rtictalor DIE. the prelim-at Plan will prove more
60.cticuii Ns awns. 04 Porellasera Ikea held beck ; whertaa
'''''`e'S 00e will purchase as She beal•Wor, Haw Charwe
heil bestir, ow she rrice tows/. lu aWn. We can
"I,7.__ri.
1"4440.1y .irer, 11,0.1 r 101. bens aw 1,41ee11. sluice air"u''''
ag**lnli,!letl, so mulch esisiled 10 romoterrauce; awl we
rtpert Ai, e.am.ll of good old.taallioweel Priscilla's wig
• Du..ar Lutur•i..% ro their peirsise eelebrity.
'nu: Public's übedteltl basiaMe iimwwwW
Lti(ky Cioof r, I, Corehill. PUDDING St CO.
a

ROTA!. EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE,
&tabhelped by Royal Charier is ihe Reign of Kiug George

the Flni.

September, left.
PERSONS. whose Annual Preintivms fall due
ow the 29th Natant, are hereby infernsest, that Receipts
sire row ready to be delivered at She Compsny's Offices,
over the Royal Eachauge sod in PaMerril, as well as by
them respective Agents in the several Comities; Curl lime
Parties *wired are regressed in apply for the Renewal of
tbeir Pou ehe. on or before the 14th of October next' as die
moral Fifteen Day. allowed fur Paywoestvbeyuod the Date of
elicit Policy, will thaw expire.
SA 1111 U El. FENNING, .an. Secretary.

•s• Attendance is gives, daily, at the said Offices, for
the liasiteresee of Buildings, Goods Illerchaurtises, and
Ships, in Harbour, in Dock, or while building, from Luse
or Damage ►y Fire; and also fur the Assurance ofr sad
grislier/ Alumslies ou, Lives.
N.B.—Fire Policies will be issued free of Expeese to the
Assured, where the Annual Premium anationts to es. or
• pwanls. •

THE PHYSICIAN.

[Fro. the " Nets Monlisly Jlarasitte. for October.]

ON SLEEP.

The different powers which set the machine of the
human body in motion may be dividedllbto two prin-
cipal classes; since some of them may be compared
with those which animate vegetables, while others are
pecoliar to animals alone. The faculties of diges.
tiost and of the elaboration of the alimentary juices ;
those which circulate these juices in the blood-ves-
sels; those which secrete from them other fluids for
our nourishment and preservation ; and those which
expel the soiree nuouts matters. belong alike to ves
getable, and animate. In every healthy individual
them remelt; iterf.sesw their fenctioas mtheet issier*
ruption from the beginning to the end of Fife: the
suspension of any of them is a disease; the Mina.
lion of all. death. .

The locomotive powers, which give us as animal,
an advantsge over vegetables; such as receive their
impulse from the feelings and conceptions of the
soul; those of voluntary action; and till the facial.
ties of the external senses, are of a totally different
kind. After they have continued their operations
• short time they begin to tire, and in • few hours
become so exhausted, that their' must obvious
effects cease, though the movements of the first
kind coreinue. The suite in which we then are is
called sleep. It is, therefrre, an exclusive pro.
perty of animal bodies; the sleep attributed to
;dents being an improper expression, founded on a
very slight analogue.
Since all the oneclunical 'powers of animals are
determined as well by the structure of the body, as
by a certain sensibility which animates the whole
machine, we nosy easily conceive that in sleep those
faculties also which we possess its COMI101) wills ses
getable* undergo o change, rt.. 4 that these too,
according as they operate its various ways, and exert
or waste the animal powers more or less, must pro-
mote, disturb, or prevent sleep.
Sleep, therefrom, is in reality the repose of
sui-
mated odium, the time ito which it recruits its ex-
hausted 'mowers. The hornets body los. often heels
compared with a watch: I should sAy, that the
mechimical 'moire, sir the vegetable life of animate,
is like a perpetual motion, which, when once set
cointimes to art till the machine itself is so
worn out as to he oususeeptible of repair. The
animal nature, on the other loud, resembles •
watch, which must be wound up at least once in
twenty-foisr hours; and this winding up is sleep.
It is to law of Nunes- the 'milord!' must sleep ;
and if I may so express myself, the more they are
animals—the more animal their nature—the more
evident symptom• of actual sleep we tina in them.
The insects, which have scarcely any brain, seem
rather to rest only, or to be rendered torpid by
cold, than really to sleep. In die latitude of
llorlsoll's Bev, Ellis found on board his ship
masses of erm-igreg4ted flies, and on the banks of
the rivers frogs Irrizen as hard as ice : on removing
them to at warmer place, thee recovered feeling and
life: lint if they were afterwards frozen, they
could not he again recovered. It is obvioirs that
this slate was inure nice torpor than regular sleep.
Maio, on the other !laud, cannot keep awake
24 successive homers without difficu:ty, and without
ouvoluntsrily failing asleep. Most quadrupeds re-
semble hint in this particular; but among the va-
rious species of them we observe great differences in
ergard to the necessity of sleep. in like manner
there are various kinds of clocks, some of which re-
<palm winding up every twelve hums, others every
week, others organs every months, and others at still
Luger intervals. Thus the swallows, on the ap-
probs.!) of winter, retire to caverns sod morgues,
where they sleep for five months together, till the
return of warm weather. Such, too, is the case with
the frogs; and serpents also have been found in
Utak( its aabterruneous holes. The tortoise, during
that season. burrows the sleeper into the sand the
colder it is ; and lives in this torpid state, excluded
from tlor air, till called forth by the warmth of
spring. Even the fisher, in severe frost, bury them-
selves in the mud, and there pass their state of tore

pidity. The bear, the hedger. amid the warrant, lie
the tilutle winter hi Iso!eel fool it is 'Astra of the
lost, that it will not Cake etert wounded with
khives. This animal repair., at the heg• gof
winter, to a hole whirls is the hereditary abode of a
whole Nosily of fhweimots from • generation to gene.
ration. It first eolleetr rrioarrity of hay, with
whirl, each individmil. a the fimily prnpares • bed
for itself. When the are on it..embled, they close
up the entrance to it retreat. lay them...lvry
down, mud steep wr perifotionlly., flint, as we are a..
slued. they mar be taken up and curried theory with-
mot waking. It Isssaid that, for a fortnight pre-
viously to its long gents this animal tilts nothiwg,
but drinks only. in ore; to cleanse the Ptomitch,
otherwise the fwl. ly remaioing in it so long,
might become putrid; and it lie, with its snout
violets, No •hellychostju simpinnent it ptiositil lose
too mach moisture. Wrriftelrillndilliiss its tie.
coheir wants; and to such as would scoreely be able
to find oubsiatenee in winter, Nature has given Iso-
dies that require a aix-months sleep, during which
they need neither food.nor drink. The bears have
the precaution to gorge themselves against winter to
such a degree, as if they meant to eat enough to
last th,m ell their lives. They go into winter-
quarters with their hides distended by a load of so.
perfluons fat, and waste away during the period of
their sleep in such a warmer that in spring they
collie forth again mere skeleton,.
It is a fortunate circumstance for those person•
who love to improve their minds and are fond of
useful employment, that we are not subject to such
protracted sleep, but can make shift with a few
hours' repose. I have heard, indeed, of the Seven
Sleepers, and of Epimenides the Cretan, who, when
is boy, went into a cave. where he fell asleep, and hi
said not to have awoke for forty-seven or fifty-seven
years: a story which the 4lpustle Paul 'whirs lied
in his view when he called the Cretans "liars," and
some other hard names. My readers need not he
informed what credit is due to these Wei. At the
same time we are not authorised to consider them as
absolutely impossible, since many able men who
have maturely weighed the matter do not think it
in itself totally unreasonable. Boerhaave udmits
that he discredit* the story of the Seven Sleepers;
but Ire adde, " I nevertheless believe that people
'may live a long time without 'neat or drink, for,
when they are once completely subdued by sleep,
the pores close, and they may then live a loug while
before they are awakened by the slow and gradual
waste to which they are subject." Haller reworks,
that the Turks have • similar fable concerning
giants who have slept for • great length of time,
sod praises on idea of Reaumor's concerning this
suspension of food and life. This great naturalist
bra• demonstrated that the eggs of anion& and in-
recto, as well as the nymphs of caterpillars. may be
kept merely by means of cold and the stisence of
exciting cutlers for years together before they are
developed, and that the vital principle is neverthe-
. leis not extinguished, since the animals produced
by the application of warmth from these eggs and
nymps are as brisk, and live as long as they would
have done without this delay. Ou this foundation
the great Msupertsis constructed a system for pro.
longolg human tile; and who knows but the plan
may be some time or other cars ied into execution?
I have no doubt of it for my part, if we can de.
Pend on the accuracy of the observation common'.
sated by M. Bouguer, concerning a species of sem
' pent in Peru, which, after being suspended to the
branch of a tree or in a chimney, till quite dry,
may be, revived ten or twelve years afterwards, if
left for some days in muddy water exposed to the
whet rays. We are so little enlightened in respect
' to such matters, that it may he deemed nearly as
' bold to laugh at this story as to give it implicit
belief. ,

- - -
Be this, 'howeler, as it will, so much is certain.
that we ordinary folks, who are neither Seven
Sleepers nor Cretans, have no occasion to imitate
the marmots, but that a sleep of a few hours is suf-
ficient In recruit our Inst strength, and to fit us for
a new life of sixteen or eighteen hours. Corporeal
fatigue, mental exertion, profound meditation, nay
time itself, weaken our animal powers, and consume
the vital spirits which are indispensably necessary
for all occuputioos both of body and mind. I could
relate to my readers how these effects are accounted
for in the medical schools; but when I consider that
after I had done. they would be just as wise as at
first, I will spare them the explanation, end give
in its stead a few useful rules how to turn sleep to
the benefit •f their health. So much they know,
that we cannot live without sleep; that we sleep
because we are weary ; that we possess new strength
when we wake. and hence it is to be inferred that
the object of sleep consists merely in the secs • g
of our strength. Well, we physicians also know
just an much, and no more: for all that we coujec-
t ore beyond this is of Ito farther use than to relieve us
from the disgrace of acknowledging our ignorance.
It is not a matter of indiffereuce to health where
we sleep. In many houses the bed-rooms are those
which are found unfit far any other purposes. The
poor frequently sleep to holes, where they have not
so much room and air as a dog that is chanted in
his kennel. Many people in good circumstances
have bed-chamber■ which ■re so small, dark, and
dirty; that they would be ashamed to shew them.
This is an important error in the conduct of life.
As we commmonly spend a third part of the twen-
ty-four hours in our bed-rooms, it behoves us to
take all possible care that we may enjoy pure air
for so long tin interval, especially as we cannot well
renew it in the night•time. To this end we ought
never to sleep in the apartments in which we lire
during the day. hut choose for a bed-chaiulter a
spacious room expo►ed to the sun, that can be open-
ed in the day for the admission of pute air and the
dispersion of the vapours collected in the night.
The beds should often be shaken up, anti these ■s
well as the bed-clothes exposed in the day to the
an.. and air. It is necessary to observe these rules
if we would secure ourselves from the effects of a
vitiated atmosphere.
Night is the best time for sleep. It is more quirt

than the day ; and it is then hitter for as to be in
bed than up, because the warmth or the bed pm.
teviii of from she cold and damps of Died. • It is
oleo advisable is retire to rest before saideight. it
is proverbially said, and with truth, that the emtnd-
eirt end turret erholieriorne sleep is that whirl, we ob-
tein before. twelve o'clock. If we remain rip too
tang, we waste too much of our strength I hen& re-
sult (whilst movements in the Wood. Ulrich ore a
. kiwi of consistent! fewer. The hurt depreeof fryer
io the blood is well known to occamen restless
'deep; and theiehire it is snorer advisable to defer it
till after midnight. It should rather be observed.
that the occupations which we follow lute at night
bra seldom emulative to health. Weak ihntru
either to.tead or write. and for so unhealthy' a pos.
tore as sitting, the day is quite Wog enouglo srall‘
devoting to it past a the esokillii.
.r. SO
stn. and thus waste still wore the ea . 'powers
whit sleep might to recruit and renew ; or to frau-
(MT
ing. by which we pamper a part at the expense of
the whole, forgettisig that sleep is the best feat of
the anima: nature. For she stone reason I cannot
approve of dancing at nigh:, though it has this ad-
vantage over other nocturnal. amtioements, that it
keeps up the transpiration which the cold of night
is otherwise liable to check. As we ought daily to
comply with the instinct which impels us to rut and
drink for our nourishment, so we ought also to feed
and to refre.h the animal nature with sleep, end not
suffer it to fast beyond the proper time.
Great heat, severe exertion either of body or
mind. and hearty meals, sometimes dispose us to
sleep in the day. It has been a subject of frequent
discussion whether sleep after dinner be wholesome
or not. Thete can be no doubt that it is when ova
feel heavy surd disposed to sled p. Boerhaave was once
of opinion that sleep after dinner is pernicious, and
that the school of Salerno was in the right to pro-
scribe it. and on the contrary to recommend bodily
exercise after meals ; hut when he considered that
all the animals, after appeasing the cravings of sp.
petite, give themselves no to repose, and that the
due digestion of food requires not only s large pro..
portiou of vital spirits. but also the easy and unre-
strained moventeut of the abdomen. to neither of
which bodily exercise conduces, he changed his opi-
nion, and with Ilippocrateis, Galen, end other emi-
nent physicians, recommended bodily exercise be-
fore dinner, and a nap after it, with Felix Plater.
The latter celebrated physician once attended a
meeting of hi* colleagues, at which this question
was debated. Every one condemned the practice,
when Plater rose: " I am now seventy years of age,"
said he ; " I have always taken my nap after din-
per, and have never been ill in my life." Who
could advance any thing ugaiust such sin urge-
meat ?

It is an Important question. how long a person
ought to sleep. Too long sleep overload., too short
stints the animal nature. The best sleep should
continue no longer than till we are satiated with it.
This satiety depends on • hundred different cir-
cumstances. A lively disposition does not require
so much sleep as a phlegmatic temperament. We
often hear people complain that they cannot sleep
at night, who nevertheless ■►e hearty and lively
during the day, and who merely err iu going to bed
too early and lying too long. They retire to rest,
perhaps. at ten o'clock, and awake at three or four.
Conceiving that to sleep well they ought to sleep
the whole night through, they call that ►estlessness
which is but the effect of vivacity. They do not
require longer sleep. Their force is recruited 111 a
few hours; after which they ought to rise, 'antici-
pate the sun, and pursue their occupstions. The
same is the case with the indolent, whose head and
hands are alike unemployed. For them it were
better that the day were twice as long, or that they
made no difference between day ■ud night. They
should only lie down when they are sleepy, and rise
as soon as they awake, and fall to some kind of work
or other. f know a person who has by this method
relieved himself from sleepless nights. He rose as
soon us lie awoke, be the hour what it would; cut.
ployed himself fur an hour, or till he grew sleepy,
then lay down again, and slept till morning. In a
short time he could sleep the whole night through,
especially after taking bodily exercise in the day.
Simetorius observed, that a person who sleeps from
eight to ten hours ',inspires but little in the first
five. In the three following the traaspirat►on in.
creases, and he becomes lighte► its weight as well as
in feeling. In a longer cominuance of steep the
transpiration again diminishes. The blood grill-N-
-ally circulates more slowly. He feels chilly, and
the limbs become heavy. Instead of acquiring new
strength, he is oppressed with • lassitude which
makes him more amid more sleepy, and ag t which
Saticturius recommend■ bodily exercise and strung
excitement of the passions. Unless recourse he had
to these aids, such a person is in danger of the fate
which betel • doctor of physic. of whore Illocrhaave
messes mention. Having conceived a notion that it
was conducive to health to sleep a erred deal, he
went to bed in a dark •ud quiet place. and slept
several days. When he was awakened lie was much
more ignorant than lie had been before. He again
resigned himself to sleep; and on again awaking,
lie was a perfect idiot. Hence it is necessary to
beware of sleeping too long. Nature herself in ge.
'oral prevents us from filling into the contrary ex.
treme. These impulses must not be obstinately re-
sisted, or we incur the risk of insanity. lu this
'winner the fowler stuptfies the falcon that lie is
about to train. He prevents it from sleeping for •
certain time, and this breaks the spirit of the bird
to such a degree. that its instructor can make it du
whatever lie please..
The position of the body in sleep is likewise a
point of some consequence. The head ought not
to be too low, and there should be nothing to ob-
struct the free movement of the chest amid &lido.
men. For this reason all night clothes ought to be
loose. The body ought to be equally covered, and
none of the limbs should be in such • posture as
to keep the muscles its action. If you fall stltrp
with your hands clasped. you find on awaking that
your lingers ate dead and have no feeling. If you

I e with crossed ley, they either contract that sec-
statism which is caned befog asleep, or you get the
cramp in them. It is linen's! to ',ler!) much witting
on a chilli; for if the legs hang down they are apt
to bor 'woollen in the morning, and if they •re Tsui
upon another choir, 1114 position comp.essea tile
alidotheo. Sores maintain that it it beet to be 0,,
the right aide, shut the hesrt miry mote • !rlt grrmtcr
treenolo. The most rational course ti, thy+ p,nt!..
Color is for each individind to be I,t h• 4
own feeling". and to thanue his ;restore accord,' u c.
Neither the light of doy, i.or even noonn
should he permitted to full upon the eyes olimcg
sleep: otherwise they are liable to II thy horning
heat in the day-time, and frequently to Inflamma-
tion.

Every one would be glad to know by what metope
sleep slay be promoted; for umbeng is aserre ttc-
pleasant than to be weary and vet beer to wait for
sleep. The wit method islatigue, either by bodily
or mental labour. and this is not the lot of the
greet, but of the humble and the slate. Who but
reCollects the soliloquy to this .ffeet, which Shake.
. pesre has pot into the lips of Henry IV. ? Tibet
of his valiant sitecromr, though lets poetical per-
haps, for which reason it has not beta so often
quoted, is equally to the point :

" I know 'ila not the •erptre and Ilse fill!,
The sword, the mare, the crown imp►rial,
The interti••ued robe of gold and pearl,
The bowed title running 'fore the N hoc
The throne he sits 190, wor the tide of pomp
Thai beat* upon the high shore of the world ;
No. not all these, thriciceoreeotia ceremony,
Nut all these, laid u. lied msjestical,
Caa sleep so soundly as the wretched slate,
Who with • body oirr and Immo, wind
Gets him to rest, crawint'd with dimmest'sl breed,
who, from the rime to set,
Sweats in the eye of Phoebus, and all night
Sleeps in Elysium.

lIIVIRT V. Act iv. &ewe 1.

There are other means of promoting sleep, most
of which, however, onght only to be known un-
der to be avoided. Corpulent person. are, •Imest
without exceptii.o, disposed to profound sleep.
which may tnorr justly be regarded as the forerno-
ner of apoplexy th.iii the invigorator of animal life.
Dionymns, the corpulent tyrant of Heracles, slept
so soundly, that to awake hen it was necresary to
thrust pins through the rat into his flesh. Apo-
plexy at length carries off such drowsy persons. and
as their sleep was an image of death, so death it,
them exactly resembles sleep. Too lung wistehieg
also tends in promote an unnatural drossmess.
Soldiers, after passiog several nights without sleep
during sieges. have been known to be so overpower-
ed as to fall asleep on the batteries amid the thunder
of bombs and cannon. Persons who hare twei,
cruelly prevented from sleeping for several wet ks,
have, after the seventh week, become so insensible.
as not to be roused from their stupor when beater
ever so severely. The well-known soporific medi-
cines, it is true. occwiton sleep ; hut it is an rest-
less and nniratural, that it ought rather to be term-
ed a disease than wholesome rest. This effect is
produced not only by opium MA preparations front
it, but by various plants; fur instance, the alder-
rot spectra of henbane. nightshade, Sre. the owe or
which should of course be avoided. lo Italy there
is • kind of lettuce, which, if eaten, occa.inns ra
mortal sleep. In India there is a herb. called thert•
drams, hut in the Maldive Islands motto!, bearing
a rimed green-spotted pod, full of small seeds.
Wild sagr, hermixtem, makes people drowsy who
remain long on a spot where it grows in abninlinice:
and it is well known Out a stupor wines I lime who
sleep where brans are in blossom. or In a inn,"
where lilies are placed. Upon the whole, it is pc -
Mcions to sleep in on atmosphere impregnated *tit;
strung odours. They confuse the head, injure it r
olfactory n sod c.. use headset, and dtrriliecs.

On this occasion it miry not be amiss to warn tl e
reader against the introduction of the vapour of
coal or churcosl into bed-chambers. it prorlitrts
restless suit iiiirefreshing sleep, Fiessiiiess, ioniser,
nay. even death itself, according to the degree
its strength. For rrasoll 1 cannot imprist. th•
practice of warming beds with burning cools; fi-
which purpose bottles of hot water ore to be pr.-
(erred. Care should also he taken to keep bed-
rooms well ventilated and free from damp or ',ti-
midity. Hence they should face the inn, and not
be on the grounil.floor of the house. Cold in ll,e
head, and loss of hearing, vie Ireqnent complaint.
with persons who sleep in damp, close rooms.
Among the surest sial most innocent !sterns c!'
promoting sleep, I can recommend wine end to-
bacco ; but both must he used with moderation.
A slight degree of exhilaration is soon sticireederl by
drowsiness. These means and employment ute
ficient to produce wholesome sleep; but iii the
same time we must avoid whatever is liable to dis-
turb it, and among other ihin4s trio profuse sop-
pers, by which the stomach is overloaded. I should
nevertheless not dissuade healthy persen”,, who are
accustomed to the practice, horn esiiiig intolerai.•
suppets ; for fasting also is rollout to prevent
It is a bad habit to drink tea, cult e, cr a grrai
quantity of soy thin beverage Lielote ri !wog it.
rest : these rilly driest the ohject of t ho-e
who are obliged in Invite slumber. They will
much more likrly to attain their cud by
a Klass or two or wine, sisiokilig a pipe, sod reati-
log a few pages (4 some dull poet.

On Salop(lay, the day after the races at
some neighbouring framer% •iiil autogiro,* 1,1 d I.
speed of their buries over the course. Ti,.,
usual proceeding at the conclusion of ninin rice.,
hurt is untrielitioilahly an irregular and even illeg.l
practice. In the present cure it has bergs miteskit.l
with con.equinces whieli probably will prove hat,
to one of the mkt*. a young boy, who. we 'lvo
to says was mot away with by a puwerfal animal be-
longing to Mr. Gitt.T, of Swinton : Ibe laws and
railings were cleared in safety ; but in reasig at the
desperate bona the %Vining gale (a very laity one).
it fell broadside over, and injured the omit
so much that but little hypes are entritsiiied of his
recovery.

~•~

I

i;

r

4

. •

I 0.

-r;

t

.~

11

_c
E
y

PARIS PAPERS.

BAYONNE PAPERS.

IrbleEleiv INrri.LICENCE.

PARIS, IMPTEIIinFt 49.

A letter from Figneras, dated the 1511§, states
that in the evening of that day • division of the
Army of the Faith, 1,500 strong, Moaned the
(7iiristitational troops between Roos and iiiii
defeated them, and captnred a convoy of pruviiiime
intended for Figut,ras. On the following day the
Royalists left the plain.
A letter received at Tonlonse on the ?4tb from
tiro d'Urgrl 6111101111rt$ that De Demsis had been
r•hanled at the latter place fur • victory obtained by
"Karon d'Eroles. The affair is said to have taken
place out the 18th at 13enavarre, in Arragun ; and it
is added, that the artillery, the baggage, 300 pri-
soners, and two Generals,one,of whom is Telsuesico,
were taken by the Royalists. It is silo pretended
in a letter from Bayonne, dated the sod, dist Nlina
ha. been defeated, and lust 800 prionsiers.
A letter frobi Trieste, dated the 15th, says--
•' The famous Colueotroni, having nu inclination
any lom,er to risk the eliances or war, has taken
Crave uFtlie Greek•, carrying off with lion the pub-
lic chest."

CORFU, atictaT
.omer-Pachit. whom the Stikine* had so °hen ae.
tested, has recently made a new attempt upon their
territory. On the 181 h of August, he collected the
whole.of his army which be led against the Cita(
of Ki.,ptia. The Suliotes completely defewted hilt.,
owl having pursued him as far as Nlylos, seized
upt:n the hatteries that he had egableshed there.
More than 3,000 Animal:to* were killed or wounded
in this affair.
At the news of the entrance of a Turkish corps
into Livatlia and Pe ~,,, the hopes of the
Turkish i.artisans were singularly revived. Con-
joined with the intelligence, they circulated a thou-
sand reports, each one more Award than the
others ; first, it was asseitril that the Greek Go-
veroment was dissolved, which however has, to
the present moment, cosititioed to exist with-
out undergoing the slightest variation ; then they
gave ont that the Peloponnesos had submitted
to the forte, whereas the Tusk. who had presumed
to set foot on that ground, have covered up Argolis
sail Corinth with their corpses; they spread the
news of the execution of several Greek Chiefs as
traitors, when In truth not a single person was even
wrested.
It was porticOlatly against Odysseus that they
levelled the whole force of their inventions. Some

movements of pinion, in this Chief, who is of ■
hasty temper, had coincided with the epoch of the
. •pocb of the entrance of the Turks into Emilia.
Hereupon it was pretended that Odysseus had be-
trayed ape cause of his countrymen, whilst by others
it unstated that lie had been gained over by Chows-
chid Pacha for a considerable sum of money. The
truth is, that at the approach of this Seratikier, the in-
trepid Epirotr, forgetting his own personal (quarrels.
hastened to the Thermopylae, where, in a battle
fought on the '2oth July, in this pass, Odysseus sur-
pss.ed I. self ill courage. lie guards this ilDpor-
t:i.,i pest at present, the Government having COll-
- it to his keeping.
lu this victory of the 20th 'Lily, which has re-

crived the fullest confirrna.nin, those who most dia.
.ticguithed themselves slier Odysseus are, General
Nieetits, senor, bulgier of Culotte! Nicetas, called
the Tureophups (destroyer of the Turks); Orme.
hilts Contoyanne, and Colonels Gotiras mod Dye).
boustite. "Cliourschirt Riche, after lits defeat, re-
treated with the weak remains of his force to LsrisSa,
where he fell ►ick from disappointment. It is even
raid for these two days past that he is dead, but
this requires confirmation.
Upon the defeat of this Commander, Trimly,
Brien nt Chief of the militia of Olympus, set out
fur Malace,re, in Pisidus, at the head of g,OOO
guerillas, and Oct ran the country iu even• direr-
tian, sa far as Servis, augmenting in his rapid
vourch the number of lcs soldiers. From Servia be
directed his course towards Or Ivendos. Informed
in this piece that the Tut kith villages of Si:rigid, a
canton situated in the middle of Macedonia, were
about to put themselves iu motion to march against
km, he crossed the 1f:11w-snout on the 19,h of July,
attacked these villages one after another, and dis.
prised their inhabitants, who took flight beyond
the Asitis.

Then getting information that the Patch' of &-
lorries was about to stud Is inforeements to Chours-
chid Parlor, Trissos passed Olympus to the north,
and presented himself at the moi•.trut of this
junction. It was on the 7,1% of August that these
seilifarertnents arrived at Cattriha, to the number
of four or fire thousand men. %%lien they began
to pass the chide of Cuterina, Tassos threw himself
with all his force upon them, soil dispersed them.
A small number, who took the road to Platamon,
Weft} destroyed ; the others were pursued to Kitros
with considerable loss. This happened at the same
epoch that the Pelopourresiaris defeated the Turks
Curintir, and a few days after Cliourschid Paths
was beaten in Thvssaly. It is therefore seen, that
at the moment the pirtisans of the Turks repre-
sented the Greeks as reduced to a slate of the
utmost desperation. their cause was in a sitetation of
greater prosperity than it had ever yet been.
The Greek Government will very shortly esta-
blish itself at Athens. its order for the future to be
less di►tant from the military operations.

BAYONNE, SEPTEMBER 2s.

The mail from Madrid with the le tt f the
1611 is arrived ; that of the 19th, which ir. regular
course ought to come to-day. has not yet reached
b., but we titian probsb!y have it the day after to-
ll-301W*.

We have letters from Dilboa of the 40th, which
state that the factions have disappeared from that
province, they mention also the arrival in that port
on the same day of two *battalions of the hne of
:Ii 'Lich had l rinharkell nt Co-

• : ,
to the number of
Bth in twa4olumns,
other towards Bol-
•onting the province,
enemy to combat.
4r or V,ttoria, dated

the 21.1. inaeltiaces the total atifesit Of the *Cohn
Qaebillis at Andagoya lin the i ply three leagues
leans Vittoria, at she foot of the mountains of
'Pews Seared.. Chebifla had piss' eel -the'Ebro teith
;SO horse, 'and intended, it is said, to penetrate ifito
Navarre; hut he was defeated by a detachisent of
Bitylen, from Vittoria, which kiiled ..ao of his men,
nod took 'SO horses. this" rePort even states that
Otiebilla had been feretely ednoded in'the thigh
bye insoket hall.
We see fugitives frail the Army if the Faith
daily arrive here, in the most pitiable condition.
The see 00000 I in command of the band of isbals,
n.smed Bareirlis h also at the'Lizeretto.

The Gazehe of '3'. Sebastian continues to print
reports of various actions with the bands of Glue.
zalailibals, and Uranga, which Ure completely
broken up and deserting their chiefs.
'Ellinosa is now 'Able to bombard !esti, which he
has invested. Numerous bonds of soldiers, of the
division of -Quesada, which have As 'Wooed him in
Catakmis, have returned to their homes. The in.
terior of Navarre is mill in a state of anarchy, in.
rested by hands of real banditti, without any im-
provement in the public spirit of the inhabitants.
—The emigration contiunes, especially of priests
nod monks.

Sir Wm. A'Court was expected at Vittoria oa
the 23d in the evening.

MADRID PAPERS.

MADRID, SEPTEMBER 16.

A rueral subject of conversation is an interview
which the Ministers, San Miguel and C;ssen, have
had will] his Majesty relatively to the new Junta of
Government at (islet, which issues its deers in
the K inn's name, endeavouring to persuade the
people that it acts by his Majesty's permission,
which hos excited great discontent in this
capital. The two Ministers have represented to his
Majesty how much this new Junta threw doubts
on the constitutional sentiments which the King
has so often expressed, and 'hewed the neer*.
sity of contradicting the falsehoods and stratagems
by which the revolutionary Government of Coto.
lonia seeks to mislead the people. The 'King, it
.eems, lids yielded to their representations, and
signed an address to the nation reiterating his so.
lemp professions or attachment to the Constitution.

A funeral service in honour of the national
yards who Tell on the 7th, of July, in defence of
the public liberty, was celebrated yesterday with
the greatest pomp in the cathedral of this city.

General Palau's. Political Chief of Madrid. has
published an ordinance of the police, which en-
forces some old regulations for the preservation
of public tranquillity : they relive chiefly to
strangers, some of whom. says the Ordinance,
may be considered as ablairig the hospitality gene.
rously afforded them. They Must all give a satis-
factory account of their 'upsides; in the capital, and
those who are suspected must give sufficient secu.
rity to the Alcalde of the quarter, uuless they pre.
far leaving the kingdom.

The local. anthoritiss •f the erivirtins of Madrid
not hawing acquainted the Political Chief with the
passage of a band of seven of the factious, he hh
announced that the members of the municipalities
e.hl be individually hound to give him due notice
in future, when any factions passthrough or stop is
their district, 011 pain of being fined.
The Government has just given pressing orders to
Pend a prompt 'ripply of corn to the fortresses in
Catalonia. The corn is to be embarked at Bilboa.
Almeiru, and Alicant. It is totally false that a
treaty of alliance offensive and defensive has been
concluded between Spain and Portugal, or that the
latter lnss offered 12,000 men to Spain : on the con-
trary, a remarkable misunderstanding exists between
the two countries. This coolness is said to be the
effect of the intrigues of a foreign government, and
it is even reported that a change of ministers may
be expected at Lisbon.
The account. from the provinces are not interest-
ing, but slate that generally all the regiments of
militia are in motion—some for Catatonia, others
to the parts left by the regular troops, who have
been sent likewise to Catalonia.

It is raid that many troops hare arrived at Sam-
rasa, and that on the 20th there were to be 15,000
at Lerida. Toriosi appears to have been in great
straits at the end of last month, but • letter of Ist
September, in the Spectator, mentions that its situa-
tion was improved, but farther reinforcements were
impatiently expected.—(Madrid Papers to the
17th September.)

LISBON MAIL.

'LISBON, SEPTEMBER 20.
SITTINGS 07 THE CORTeS.—triontrala

The order of the day war, the last reading of the
Couto dui ion.

Sinai. Fernandez Pinheiro reads paper, in which
after stating various reasons, he concluded by say-
ing that to comply with the wishes of his constitu-
ents, he mu►t openly declare that lir cannot posi-
tively sign the Constitution.
This being read a second time, anti supported
by the author and by Senor Castro e Silva, it was
discussed and referred to the Committee of the
Constitution.

M. Britamcaiip said he could not conceive how
it was possible tbat some wf the Deputies how
Brazil should have, besides their powers as Depu-
ties, separate instructions, and if they had any he
did not understavidi dial could have uny validity,

THE B EMI S IT PRES S.

LON DON,
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, ISM

The last Government cants-art for Irish provi-
sions was taken (we understand) at the fo!lowing
prices on the 47th silt. by Messrs. CALLAGHAN
and Sons, of Cork :

ortErntro ut THE WEST INDIES.
Beet at the rate of ....... ?a. sd. per !Ma.
Pork, ditto

DVI !TERVE. AT WIPPTTORD.
Navy tierces 11.. f
Navy barrel, data .
Navy liners Pork ..
Navy barrels Jino

How thrsr prices call support the present rate or
'PION 1.11/IPP, and tsars, we leave to Mr. Vausvr-
TART and hiss financial friends to di.eover. It is a
mystery beyond oar *hallow and narrow coospre.
hension.

A flrinhorgh Mail arrived last night with pipers
to the eSih last. The following are extracts:—

SERUM, IIEpTEMBER i 4.

His Highness the Chsurcellor of State, Prince
Elariltnberg, set out from this city yesterday to
repair to the Congre►s at Vienne and Verona:
When his Majesty unfired on the 20th at Mem.
burg he found these the Grand Duke Michael of
Russia, the Grand Duke of Weisner, and Prince
Augustus. Ilts Majesty reviewed the troops, sod
went on the 22d tolVelassr, where be dined with the
Grand Duke, awl arched Erfurt in the t4e ll ill g.

PITERSISURC, sF.PTEMPER t 3.

On the I lilt a solemn Te Den= Wl* performed
in the Tiuric Palace in the presence of all the
Foreign Ministers now here, on account of the
happy delivery of her Imperial (highness the
'(rand Duchess Alexandria. Several of our
Journals state that the English Ambassador in Per-
sia hiss left Teheran, on account of a misunder-
standing with the Sehsh, anti that all the Agents
and Consuls had followed his example.
The Conserristeur Impartiel of yesterday men-
tions the order given to the commanders of the
Austrian flotilla with respect to the blockade pro-
claimed by the Greeks.

CIACOW, SEPTEMILIEZ til.

Yesterday our Republic celebrated the anniver-
sary of its liberty, and at the same time the fete of
one of its august protectors. the Emperor Alexau-
der.

The demand fur the zinc olvained in our neigh-
bourhood has greatly increased the pier, %hid) has

.

risen tom 111 doll'grs tog dollars per twt. Ail
the tosselgutistuts are made by any of Brolaw to
Hambsitgl), whence it is forwarded to Entail(' and
India. The three sine works, Dombroence, iu the
kingdom of Poland; Dawornice, belonitiog to the
city of Cracow ; a►►d kuzestuwice, the property of
Count Arthur I'utocki, can scarcely execute the
ordrqs given: the latter supplies from fifteen to
twenty cwt. of zinc daily.

FRANKFORT, SEPTEPADER 21.

Ilia Royal Uighur)* the Crown Prince of Ba-
varia intends to set out the latter end of October
for Italy, Where he will spend the winter.

STOCKHOLM, SEPTEMBER 17.

The King, whore departure had merely been 11e-
br7ed by the snivel of a courier from Nymphet,-
burg, set out to-day for the Gala Carnal and Nor-
way, where lie thinks to arrive on the 29116
The Chamberlain, Baron Von Steditigk, who
brought the documents relative to the approaching
marriage of the Croon Prince with the Princess
Josephine Maximiliana of Leuclitenburg, will be
sent back to.day to join her Royal Highness at
Rome, and take with him valuable presents for the
Royal Bride.
Baron Stedingk is promoted to the rank of
Lieut.-Colonel, and will probably receive on the
lint opportunity the diamond cross of the Oriler
of the Sword.

COPZNHAGEW, SEPTFMIIER 17.

The Russian squodron in our rtsin6 consists of
three ships of the line owl two frigates.—(
burgh Papers, September 27.)

Exchange •n London-3ff 10!-37 11.
ST. PETERSBURG'S, SEPTLMBEI 13.
London 10 1-32 I Hamburg% .
Amsterdam ........9 31 32 I Paris

A Lisbon Mail has arrived with Papers to the
20th hist. The kingdutu of Portngtl, it appeals,
now enjoys, according to the doctrine of Lord
LIVERPOOL. a great blessing. It is visited with a
scarcity of corn to an extent that has induced the
Agricultural Committee to propose the import:ttio•
of foreign corn to be deposited in the port of
Lisbon. This visita►ion may assist our corn market,
and enable it to get rid of its superabundance.

The Pans Papers so the 30th alt. have arrived.
Their intelligence respecting Greece, if it emelt,
be relied upon, would remove every apprehension es
to the result of the struggle, if it were left to the
decision of Greeks and Mugge'!mans alone.—
A letter from Corfu, of the 07th of August, con-
tain" many particulars in the higlie4t degree (a-
vowable to the. Gretks, but a similar detail has ai-
►eady beets frequently given, and as fraquently con-
tradicted by opposite statements derived from sea-
rums soarers.

The game uncertainty prevails with regard to the
contest in Spaiu between the Constitutional troops
and the Army of the Faith. The Paris Journals,
however, reFresent the tatter as victorious lissome
late engagements; but many such might be last
and won without involving any important couse•
quenc•es.

The following is an extract from a private letter,
dated Livrrpool, September 30, received yesterday
at the New England Coffee-home:—
" The Hercules, GARDINNR, from New York,
arrived off llolyhetul yesterday. Captain GARD'.
NCR reports, that he saw the Tobacco Plant, born
Philadelphia, four days before, off Cape Clear, for
tliis port. A steam-boat is gone to meet her, to
take her in tow.—Excheu►ge at New York 101.—
P. S. I have just heard that letters from New
York, pet: Hercules, state, that a most de.
structive lire broke out at New York, and destroyed
wally one half of the city. lam this moment in.
(arnica .of it by a Gentleman who may be de.
pended upon."
A Ansiderable aeration was created M the City,
by letters having arrived to a respectable, mercantile
Isure, conliimiog the report of this alarming and
extrusive lire. Au immense number of wharves, as
also a large qustitity of cotton sod turpentine, have
been consumed.

No Papers from New York were received yes-
lei day.

Yesterday a Court of Directors was 11041 at the
East I edia I I Imur, when the fidlowmg Capt•nus
were sworn into the command of their resp, entre
ships, viz.—Clio. SAMUEL. SERLE, ing/iS; Capt.
EDWARD LAMBERT ADAMS Kellie Castle.
Yesterday a Court of Directors was helot at the
East hutia !loose, whet, the following ships were
lbws timed, viz.—

The Royal Cco.t•r, for Bengal and China—ln he afloat
the Huh October, 1422; sail In Gravraend for Titto ; stay
there 30 days; and he in the Mona 4th December.

Tlx Getout Kyd and Kent for Kona and China ; Here.
fordatire, lugli., and Faiquharsno, (err Bombay and China ;
and Repulse for Si. Helena, Bencuulirn and China—to be
afloat 13th November 18 ; sail to Gravesend, 2sih dims;
stay there 30 days ; and be iii the Downs 3,1J-iimary, 1821.
The Hythe and Windsor for Seaga nod Chinn; the
Fridge-slater fur St. Helena, Bombay, and Chiru—to he
nth) it 13th December 1822 ; sail to Gravesend 2701 ditto ;
atay three 3* day, ' • and be in the Denim 2il Fr bruary, 1823.
The Waterloo and Semidry Castle, for Bumbly and 011113;
the Kellie Castle and Atlas, fur 111ailras and China—lis be
afloat 27i6 December, 1822; sail to Gravesend Illls ja.
Hilary, 1823; stay there 30 days; sad be is the Mesas lush
February.
The Vanallart, for China direct—to he nflxit 2411 i Fe.
bruary, 1823; sail Its Gravesend 12th March; stay their 3U
days; nad be in the Downs 17th April.

•
The quantity of fruit and potatoes now exhibited
for sale in this city, is scarcely credible. Ire every
corner they are weer Icing in loads, heaps, and
selling at prices which, some years ago, would
scarcely have defrayed the expense of carriage from
the place of grout!) to Or murket.—(Wcignw
Courier./

pEX.

POETRY.

A MICHAELMAS NOTICE TO QUIT.

1%, 111 gad 1 lies nod gnats, famed tor men•tide hum,
To the oh., bottles, km, with their gossamer drum;
To rill tomb Irgs and moths, thou-ales. rogues still nt ear,
OLD 11 INTER Fend* grey, int —liral:lt. frlendsh;p, and them •
WIIIKIAR, na complaint twice., before me thi4 day.
That for months bark—to wi ',from the/fere doe of Afar—.
V trials insects, pretc ngt,,to to beauty and birth,
Home on venturesome wing latily lravrr.cd the earth.
And moo aking fair Chin's chat, hp for a rose,
Stung the beaot) in public, and frightened her beats•.
And whereat on the last sultry evening in June,
The sand Clara was harmlessly Isom:wog a tune:
A blur balk., apron; from some dungnill, no doubt,
Iluzid about her as long, be at last pat her out.
And whereas sundry hermetic, nod high seamed pier,
And a thawind sweet necks have been n'errua by Kies ;
fn his winloss, Old IF thinks nothing nave fit
Titan to publish the fi ierdly " memento formic."

At your peril, ye lmeg kyr. this weirs despise!
ll••trrr hence-, ye vile gad word to Ibe wise!
I lornefs, horse flingers, rasps, ay so hostile a laud,
01 your ilkstb uartsui's irisied by
OLD WINTER'S Chill Hand.

1 Oil tilt lIIIIIC 'Jay VI l 7"/ WIILIBII
500 men each, which had berm
[ ' sunny. The militia of Whoa
30° men, made a sally on the 18
one going towards Durango, the'
N mireda, with the ii:tention•of scot
but they did not meet with soy c
' A repent of the Pol t!cal Chiif
-...',-
*
aro. •
- -...._,