The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-08-11 00:00:00

40c. ; Three pee Cents. 75f. ese.; tank Stock. 1,200 f. ; Rote del
Naples, Certificat Faleonnet, C9f. 40e. ; Rents d'Espagne, 171;
Royal Spanish Loan, 1823, at. Exchange on London—ooe
tddliiih2sL ; three diuo, de. 86e.—Coara Arthastiqns.

In another part of the paper we have published the
substance of the Treaty with Mexico. Much has been
made of the delay which has occurred in completing the
ratification on this side of the water; but it must be clear
from the copy we extract from the Mexican journals,
that no serious ground of difficulty can have arisen
between the two couutries. The following is copied from a
letter, dared--
Mratco, Jowl 11.

Since the presentation by Mr. Ward of his credentials,, and his
reception as British Charge d'Affaires, we have nothing new in
polities, tor indeed in any thing else, if I except the arrival on the
Bth inst. at the Mint, in this city, of the first conducts (convoy) of
silver from the Valevelers mine. It is sent here to be coined. The
papers by the April packet have brought us Mr. Baring's speech ma
the Mexican Mines. It is a pity that a man of Mr. amilles
standing In the world should speak se loosely. It was an add, es
incidence, that Mr. Bering's denouncement of mining as • men
bubble, should wise here just about the same day as the first •t.
rival of silver from the mines. No member of the British Home
of Commoni would speak as this gentleman did, if he knew the be-
nefit that the mining districts of this country are at this moment of
time receiving from the setting if the mines to work, and the
thousands of people who are honestly and usefully employed by
them.

Much benefit to the general interests of trade, arising
out of the tranquillity and contentment of the working
was expected from the repeal of the Cumbiaaasui
haws. it h painful to observe how often, in the conduct
of public affairs, the views of the most enlightened states-
men may be disappointed, and the best intentioned mea-
sures fail) completely of their effect. It is a most discour-
aging truth, that the soundest principles of political science
arc not, in their operation, always the most salutary. The
reason appears to be, that fu computing the quantity of
good which such principles are fitted to produce, we do
not take the bad passions of mankind into the account. In
repealing the Combination Laws, for instance, it was na-
tural to look to the particular evils they occasioned, and to
conclude that, removing what appeared to be their
causes, was the best mode of providing effectually
against them. The true principles of freedom, to what-
ever applied—whether to the freedom of Government, the
freedom of trade, the freedom of labour, or whatever else--
must be, in themselves, essentially just ; but they do not,
of themselves, guard against that turbulent selfishness which
is the inherent malady of all ignorant minds; they look to
the prosperity and equal welfare of the whole community,
without taking into account that illegal force which is per-
petually usurping upon every relaxation of the authority.
which holds it in check. We do not find fault with this.
Freedom could never make its way, if every measure of
general benefit were encumbered before-hand with every
possible preservation against its abuse. The great interests
of justice required that workmen should be protected
against injury and oppression on the part of the masters ;
the combination laws had put the former much more
within the power, and placed them much more at the
mercy of the latter than was consistent with that equal
regard to their rights to which they were in fairness en-
titled. But no sooner were the impolitic enactments which
fettered their industry removed—no sooner were all the
vexatious restrictions on the wages of labour annulled, than
they manifested a dispoitition the reverse of what could
have been expected in return for this praiseworthy exer-
tion of Parliament in their behalf. They began themselves
to adopt the combination system towards their employers,
and to adopt it in its worst and most aggravated form, by
forming Societies, raieing funds by weekly subscriptions,
and, by means of agents, organising a system of union
which should enable them in their respective trades to
maintain a conflict with the master-manufacturers, for the
purpose of effecting any object which they might be re-
solved to carry. The London journeymen, in several
trades, have lately submitted to their employers their in-
tention of working only three days in the week; but find-
ing the earnings of three days' labour insufficient for the
maintenance of their families, they have combined for a
rise of wages.

Dublin is at this moment suffering under these com-
binations to an alarming extent. Its progress is, indeed, so
wide sod rapid, as to threaten the most alarming con-
sequences throughout the whole of the United King-
dom. That it should break forth into scenes
of such desperate outrage as at Sunderland, was a
result to be expected. It is the natural course which such
conspiracies take to accomplish their end. And it is on
this that the guilt and mischief of these " Union Societies"
consist. Although the determination to effect a certain
purpose originates only with a few, they arc enabled to act
upon all who are placed in the same common situation, by
persuading them that their interests are all alike at stake ;
and thus all the members are one by one seduced to act in
concert, till the numbers destroy the sense of individual
guilt; and in this state of mutual excitement, they are
prepared to go any lengths to which the ignorance or ma-
lignity of their leaders may carry them.
To put a stop to this destructive system of combination
requires a difference of process, according to the principle
from which it proceeds. That which proceeds from a
spirit of exaction and mutiny demands the prompt and in-
flexible coercion of criminal justice; that which proceeds
from erroneous views and , misguided feeling may be
Jeasone,d, with: but the remedy admits of no compromise
in either case; it is fit that those who are in error should
be informed, but in the mean time the manufacturing ca-
pitalists must be secured in their property ; the law and
the local magistracy must secure this point first—the rest
is matter of after-arrangement.

Too much pains cannot be taken to instruct the working
classes in the first and leading principles of political econo-
my, and to familiarise them with the maxims of strict justice
and sound policy which those principles involve. Nothing can
be more fetal than that they should consider themselves as
placed in a state of competition and conflict of interests
with those in whose service they labour, and at whose
hands their labour must seek its reward. They may not
be able to discover in what the peddle good consists, but
they have generally plain good sense enough—when not
misled, to see in what their own good consists, and if they
have but common integrity to pursue it, they have all that
is required. At present, they are reversing all the natural
order of that manufacturing prosperity in which their in-
(loamy, and on which, therefore, their whole stake lies; can
find its reward ; for in proportion as their combinations
strengthen, in the same proportion will capital be with-
drawn from employment, and the whole weight of the evil
will in the cud fall upon themselves.

CITY, WEDNESDAY EVENING.

Compared with what has been doing in the Consols
Market for the last two or three days, the business there

to-day was extensive, and the consequence of it was a de-
cline in prices, for some heavy sales were accomplished by
some eminent brokers, which led to the report that partks

were anxious to realise toiler the espects.tien that the
British Funds `would decline before the settling day in
them. Ccnsols for the Account opened at 901, and for a

Ishort time they retrograded to 90. However, a slight re-
action took place, and they returned to ii. For Money,
after opening at 90e, they went down to 891', and afterwards
got back to their opening quotation; bat still the market
had a heavy appearance.
In the Foreign Market, French Rentee, u far as bargains
in them go, continue a dead letter. Certainly if conver-
sation respecting them would create business, there would
be more transactions in them than in all other Stocks
united ; but it is still only gossip, and the offspring of that
gossip is, that a price of 78; is mentioned for the Account'
Colombian Bonds remained firm at 841, but Mexican Scrip
was languid at Si f discount. Spanish Bonds were held
firmly at yesterday's quotations, and Greek Scrip 2113
remained stationary.

The business in the Share Market was rather more
extensive• than yesterday or Monday, but the principal
alteration in it was in Rock Salt Shares, that reached 9 pre-
mium. AnFlo-Alexican and United Mexican Shares were
at yesterday s prices. There were inquiries for Pasco-Pe-
ruvian Shares at 12j 13, and for those of the General
Mining Association at 7 8.
We have no further observations to make with respect to
Sugar to-day than that, in consequence of holders not being
over desirous of selling, lower prices have not been sub-
mitted to. Coffee and Rum remain steady.

The letters by the Lisbon packet that arrived yesterday
bang no political news.
Lisbon Gayeties to OW Slat July arrived yesterday.
They are, as usual, nearly filled with extracts from fo-
I reign journals. Accountif had been received at Oporto
from Rio Janeiro, dated the 18th of May, and from Ma-
ranhatn, dated June 7, at which periods every thing was
perfectly tranquil.
Letters from Rio Janeiro say, that on the 23th May 82
Spanish officers arrived there from the late army of Peru,
viz.:-1 Brigadier-General. 8 Lieutenant-Colonels, 1$
Captains, 23 Lieutenants, and 33 Ensigns ; total 82.

Letters from Trieste, dated the 26th ult. state that the

accounts from Greece were favourable. The communication
between the Paella and his fleet was so completely cut off,
that several of his despatches had been intercepted. The
letters also mention the arrival of the first merchant ship
into Trieste under the new Acts of Parliament relative to
the intercourse between the English colonies and foreign
countries. A merchantman hid arrived direct from Ja-
maica, with 400 casks of coffee, besides other produce.

The Austrian Observer treats the rumoured project for
making the on of the Ex-King of Sweden King of Greece,
with the utmost contempt.

The Milan Gazette of the 27th of July has been re-
ceived. It contains no intelligence of interest, and i
almost wholly filled with minute details of the tour of the
Emperor and Empress of Austria through the north of
Italy.

Extract of a letter dated Liverpool, Aug. B.—" The
highly respectable house of Crowder, Clough, and Co.
have suspended their payments to-day. They are sup-
posed to hold, besides other produce, 14,000 or 15,000 bags
of cotton. A great gloom has been thrown over the cotton
market in consequence."
Two supplements to the London Gazette were published
yesterday. The first contains an Order in Council, dated
July 19, consisting of nearly fourteen pages, for regulating
the due performance of quarantine, in pursuance of the
Act passed during the last Session of Parliament. The
second supplement, which is short, contains despatches
from Sir Archibald Campbell, dated Rangoon, February
11 ; from Colonel Godwin, dated Rangoon, February 9;
and from Lieutenant-Colonel Hampton, dated Cheduba,
February 8. The particulars of these transactions have
been already published halm the Calcutta papery.
Yesterday afternoon, about two o'clock, the Duke and
Duchess of Cambridge left town in their travelling car-
riage and four for Claremont, on a visit to Prince Leopold.
The Duke and Duckess of Cambridge bad a select party
to dinner on Tuesday. In the evening their Royal High-
nesses honoured the Haymarket Theatre with their pre-
sence.

Mr. Secretary Canning is staving on a visit to Mr. Bol-
ton at his residence near Windermere 'Lake. The Right
Hon. Gentleman, on his way from Cheltenham, visited
Mr. Littleton, at his residence, Teddesley Park, Stafford-
shire, and also paid a visit to Mr. Stuart IVortley, at his
seat Wortley Hall, Yorkshire.
The French Ambassador and suite went on Tuesday to
view the exhibition of the French living skeleton in Pall-
mall. About five hundred persons attended the exhibition
in the course of the day, among them were the Marquis
of Hertford and a number of persons of distinction.

We are sorry to announce the death of Mr. Sergeant
Lens, which took place on Saturday, at Ryde, in the he of
Wight, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health.
Sergeant Lens was an able lawyer, a man of inflexible in-
tegrity, and much esteemed for his amiable manners in
private life.
STIPENDIARY MAGHTRATR OF MANCIIIESTFR.—In
consequence of the vacancy occasioned in this situation by
the melancholy death of Mr. Fell, Mr. Foster, of Man-
chester, and Mr. Hall, of Laverpool, are candidates for
the of Both gentlemen, we understand, have arrived
in town for the purpose of laying their pretensions before
Lord Bexley, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster,
with whom the patronage of the appointment rests.

CORK MECHANICS. INsrtrute.--The progress made
by our Mechanics' Institute, in bringing its different
branches of usefulness into operation, is we believe unpre-
cedented in the annals of these establishments, of the
utility of which, and their effects on society in general,
we said so much in its earlier stages as to render needless
now a repetition of our conviction on the subject ; but we
cannot resist communicating to our readers a portion of
the gratification which we experienced on paying it lately 1,
an evening visit. We must all recollect that it is only six
months since the subject began to attract public attention.l,
Its library now consists of nearly 700 volumes, among,
which are the newest and most approved works on science
and art ; nor has useful biography and the classical pro-
ductions of our most esteemed writers been disregarded.
But the gratification which we experienced frotn the re-
spectable appeatattce of ths.lolrary is sot to be compared
with our feelings, while contemzlatingfrom forty to fifty
most attentive readers, chiefly, if not exclusively, of the
mechanical class, the strictest order and most profound
silence being observed ; and this, we were assured, was
but a repetition of the same scene which takes place every
evening, while a daily augmentation is making to the
number of mcmhers.---Cork Southern Reporter.
There is now in the London Docks, on board the Jones,
Captain Richardson, from New Orleans, an alligator near
four feet long, and which it is supposed will arrive at
thrice its present dimensions. It is about seven months
old, and was caught on the banks of the Mississippi. All
attempts to tame or render it docile have proved in vain ;
and on its being disturbed, by approaching the cage in
which it is confined, it makes a noise, and appears eager to
commence an attack. It is to be removed to the menagery
in the 'fewer.

Knavesmire afforded a rather novel spectacle last Sunday
afternoon. It is customary with great numbers of the in-
habitants of the city to walk there on the Sunday preced-
ing the races, for the purpose of seeing the horses which
are to compete for the prizes during the week. And on
this occasion the assemblage were surprised by the appear-
ance' of James Backhouse, of this city, a most re-
spectable member of the Society of Friends, who, accom-
panied by two others, took his station immediately in front
of the tents, and proceeded to address the multitude on the
iniquity of the frivolities in which they were engaged, and
to call their attention to the weightier concerns of eternity.
Whatever impression this well-meant discourse might have
upon the parties to whom it was addressed, the important
period to which the speaker alluded must determine. We
are glad, however, to learn that it was listened to with de-
corum, and that no insult was offered to the worthy gen-
tleman, who shortly afterwards retired from the ground,
with his friends, doubtless enjoying that peace in his own
mind, which would result from the reflection having
done his duty.—York Courant,