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London, England, 1822-04-23 00:00:00

The .
dent indisposition sod bnorseneas) pompistiod what he had to
offer in explanation of this subject title faun tutu.
Mr. T. ITI /N said a few words ie rapport of the elle.
*tines rJ fhe Petition, and it was ordered in be printed.
rime"l for au A.tdrrsa to his Majesty. praylog
4filwittbeee niat be I .i.l before the Hose aeiroonts of all fees
ogid deities rimmed mid levied by Camellia General and Vit.._
under the 54111. Gro. 111. or say other power. the
'ximsti.sliteg the different ports, spyrifyiag for whist servids
elsoiged, to whom paid, and the arlisrate aud aggregate
&Taboos* doting the hist six oars.--t rider ed
Mr. HUME presented a Petsti.oi from the Corisorietime of
Perth, against the Hill commonly called the Lord Advocates
Bill, use in wogresa.
Lord A. HAMILTON presented • Petltino to t►• same
effect from the Bergeson add Goddry of Perib.—.oralsradl.
to be printed.
. Animist ieeolllllill were brought tip fruits the British
aluieum.
Mr. BA N F F.ft moved that they be referred ifs a Committee
of Supply.—Orikrerf.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY brought op acruitati
• relative to the British and P . °nevem RN,. opasimirrion.
Doctor PHI MINOR& hi drfereore to tbe qatestion of
Agricaltoral Distress to be brutight on ON Friday next port.
potted the inoilon fur committing the Mosisage Act Auteuil.
osent Bill till Friday, 3.1 May, beyond which he holm' be
should nut bate to postpone it. p .

STATE OF IRELOD.
Sir J. NIIWPWIT. rose. He cuold assure the
House that he Dryer rose to address them with
greater embarrassment. It hail been his lot re-
peatedly to call the attention of the House to the
affairs of Ireland, but at no period nod he felt it as ad
imperative • duty, euloaced as it was upon him,
he was sorry to say, by the condition of the coot'.
,try. the state of the pupulation, and the manifold
. difficulties timid sufferings in which they were tit-
Volved. Therefore he felt, he could not say • greet
reluctance, but the most unpleasant sensations
which could attach to the discharge of a difficult
and highly necessary dui/.. He did so, tors, be-
, cause the motion with which he hoped to conclude
was iu terms nearly the some us one which he had
the honour to submit to the House in 1816, while
he had to lament that at that Uwe being favoured
,by the assistante of three very powerful, eble, and
enlightened friends, he was now to pursue his course
without their aid to strengthen, or their counsel to
guide him. He was sorry to ray that two •f those
friends. of High Wein, had subsequesitly 'sunk into
their graves.. When lie mentioned the late Lord
Chancellor of Ireland as one of them, lie nerd not
expatiate on the talents of hits Right Hon. Friend
to prove what a loss the question 'obtained from
the loss of his sbilities. To name the seeped of
those friends was to pronounce • name identified.
with Use beat interests of Ireland. Neither could
the .mieutry iturlf,.uor that mein advocate of her
rights and interests, be mentioned, without immedi-
ately forciug into view the relation which he bore
to Ireland. He lived honoured by his country, and
her praises and regret accompanied the hearse when
his Verarius were consigned to the tomb. He had
advocated his couutry's cause in that House to the
latest period of his life, with the some zeal, ennui-
tinci, rod talents, which distinguished his Wooers in
the same cause during the existence of a separate
Parliament. In alluding to the third Right
Frieud whose support he had before bad to his mo- '
Pon, he was sorry to timid that on this occssion he
was not to reckon on it. It would be iieceimpury
for him up trouble the House at a little length
.while he should endeavour to unfold to their
!icy those causes which bad led to the events now
seen to peeved in Ireland. He promised to 'terrors
.this ilea to the smallest possible compass. He
tnu,t claim their indulgent attentiourto the-consi-
deration of particular circumetances, which had
contributed to bring Ireland into her present situ..
tion; he hoped not to be tedious, and he would
endeavour to condense what he had . to say as for-
cibly as possible, being aware of the difficulty of
making the details of the subject impressive ; yet
lie was bound to do his utmost in searching out the
.c*4l6Ca of the degradation and disorganization of
ilreleul. to bring the House to an earnest incline-
Pon,to exswiue auto and define those causes, that
tliernia4ht know exactly what remedy would be
most proper to adopt. He could uot conceive •
more fallacious course to take than fur • govern-
ment to refuse to look at the causes of • political
disease, before proceeding to the application of a
remedy, which, without that previous aseertionmeut
of the cause, must be ineffective., The 'object
had respect to a country thickly peopled, with
au area of soil seldom equalled in fertility. Why
was it that this populatioo. distinguished in every
corner of the globe to winch they transferred them-
selves for character, conduct, and ability—a people
who almost habitually rine to the honours of the
Stales which received them ebroad—why was it that
at home it should be found or thought absolutely
impossible to govern them except by coercioil, by
penal statues, and measures of unmixed. un-
qualified rigour ? It was the case of a country
containing a thick population, scattered over
19,000,000 of English acres. to which he called
their attention. The Right Honotirsble Gentle-
-1111111 here rats over the statistical returns of Irish
population made under the order of the Earl of
SIMI/11011111 1747,1111 d 0304 of those made •subse-
nuently. In 1814 the census returned six millions
of people, and at this day they were seven millions.
It was to rescue seven millions of grills!) subjects
from s state of disorganization and terror, and to
restore to them the blessings of peace and equal
government, that they were now invoked. He must
say that hitherto that people had little reruns to
bless the English Government for the situation in
which they were placed. He might sum the cha-
racter of the Governineut. as it respected the mea-
sures observed towards Ireland. in three words,
without oluittiug any essential feature :. it consisted
merely of that unjust and abominable old maxim,
" divide and govern." That mourn wile 1101 only
feted upon. but frequently, and Irons time to tune,
avowed. He juitunced a communication made

deride had beim the iinproseeneet.
however, that the course taken h the Englteh
wernaseut wee opposite to fled chewed by wivilown.
lie thought this cos particularly menifest Irese
whet followed *II the entinction of the Inset Perlis.
meld. Consideriog the experience they (the Eng-
bah CLormsomeet) had of the hornet of a tesultrit
gruel. in the habits and morodeef the propleht they
Amid sot have witlulrawn Ilait louvre of more!
gpleetecie; nee, ought to home taken este to
preserve the.gerople snider then' lie terra gloserlimue
eltsetesd of which, their meeseres bad eassige-
eld the population to the inpureete >of errata
senteeliroppo• mei* they lost the fasten( g
..pits of the landlords, shed which would Less
berthed, to use the bertutrful _metaphor of Ms. hihe.:-
denote a contiusance of teat social hoed which COO.
netted the pees...a with the•Rnie upon hisehrooe.
The English Parliament might easily bare averted
tbis mischief by forbearing to 'mower timbre..
.They blatilei have givers the gentry of Ireland an
inducemeut to stay it home, by silowing theist ter
enjoy thole coinfors mud told/deuce* there which
were not to be had on removing to other ceonneer.
The. couleur course was .always likes,. Taxation
heti gone on increentig, and iu the same programa*
productive revenue had ilimiottlied. Again and
spin had be deprecated don course, *nil foretold te
the Government iltat they would reap every herons.:
but that of teal rev, Mit—that they woeld hive a
large. produce of-discontent,, but too harvest el'
revenue.., They had found AAi leit-mehe true.
The cotton./ had bee,. premed meth .wixistiosos
taxes. which add.il nothing ee thy reverece-lee
gentry /utted then estates ; the reepect feeneuteco-
rity dunittisheti ; numbere .f the gentry, were
broken down by the weight of then expellees ;
they led from pliers where they oneewere femme-
ed and reveressced. sail filled the.oehtteriag plow. of
Euglated ; they left their atansious, and ceneeuver
here to tilde thrUltalVell is lodgings. Surely throe
could be no evil in deptereble as to odrbiehtlee
taxatiou, no es to make it telselerably burdensome it.
the people whole it lidded sloth's% to the revenue.
Since 1809 new taxes had beset imposed on to
the amount of four titilliouleuirsi the meson bed been
reduced fir belOw the foot tniehoon. This ethet
was sure to follow, but wee peculiarly so io Ireland.
lie that country the iron-balid of poverty Parolee'
ed the gripe of the tax-gatherer, and set lases toter
,ipmetakpotetsce of Perin/neut. They hued drawn
...eters at lest out of capital oinsteed of • income.
;„Iyost, he toil toreihodeii hedpwitawe to pass. He
always assured Mointereekbot en raiment of
Simone° w enoterous. howeeter .highly ileeptinikffit
...nelculete it. would only have the effect of makiitg
it impossible to collect the regular revenue. A
debt of tiesesteise weenie& had been OCCU4III.•
listed on the credit of thine taxes. He had
ideals told Mounters that Ireland could never
pay it nor supply the interest. It ',peered
afterwards by an Act, which, with respect to Ire-
laud, was nothing •Itnrt of a national bankruptcy ;
the Exchequer. us 1817 were consolidated, mad
England took on herself. to pay the debt. That
Act reminded him at the time of a conversatiou he
had with a gentleman seveo years before, who
inked hi,n, wheu Ireland would fee prepared
to pay half the debt which England had in-
curred ors account of Ireland. His reply hod
been, Never. He had rlweye considered that the
pressure of taxation had borne so unequally ye
Ireland, even in the proportion of the teed tax,
.namely one seveoteensle which was agreed to at the
Union. He said that England would certainly
have to pity the debt incurred upon the creep of it.
and now she had it to pay. So fottoitous bed been
the tinctures of et:heroine( that country. where, to
use the eloquent !interne of the Member fur the
Dublin Untverity, " Providence hod deflect much
for it and matt so little, except to ruin that
which Providence had done." Yrt notwotbsteridope
this fatality of measure., end amidst ell the diffi-
culties which had grown out of the expedient*
which had been devised. re greet were the fertility
and advantages of that eoentry, that the ezpoots
were said to have increased. He did not allow the
increase of oilmen to be of itself any criteria' of
pummel ity in • country. it was well remarked by
Mr. Boyle, in 1747, that the reseal why Ireland
exported so much we., because no two mil-
lions of people eouressued so little of the pre-
duce they raised as the population of Ireland.
He applied the same remark to the seven millions
of existing Irish population ; so he might rev Met
had as the policy of this state wee to Ireland, it
would not undo the fee Ott, of the soil, nor wholly
destroy the wealth of her resources, though it
might prevent the population from enjoying them,
or the revenue from benefiting by that CinenOnl
lion. On the 24hh filmy, 1816, he had btotteht
forward a motion nearly the same es flat which Ise
had now in Footnote. It had previously stood fur
a day in April, when the attendance wee toe
thin to bnng it on. It was a subject of regret
among the Members, that the attendance
have been slight on a motion of such inspect.
sece. At that time., the Noble Lord oppuitite
said, Out he hoped on the postponed day that
the sulfject would be marked by e full attendance.
and not only so, but by it full end undivided *nee.
tree—tor it particularly behoved the House to
watch over the ruing greatness of Ireland, and ob..
serve the best remedies which could be epplied to
any evils which might obstruct it. As to the worde
rismg greatness," he knew not how the Noble
Lord could apply them to Ireland. There
war, to be sure, the same way of stitecprelingit
which had been used by the sereeattc Hollander
with respect to the boasting of Phi Hip of Spain
as to the greatness of his successes over the Low
Countries, namely. that the greotwoon questicei
must be like a ditch, which the .e...tisesjp. was
taken out of it the larger it grew. tie was

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`to rota tiwo legillitlive redress and proteetio• (met this by Lord• Primate Bolton. in ,the early poet of
• !demise. Be (Ir. Howe) itittle.l, further, that he Ma the test century. in which he tisilittated • pro.
e'relleilieed the relent, end Cored that it ode *curbed la : paged ribeeaure, because it leaded to unite the
;runs very like Most essettetl by the Cbarles's to fide thiefr i '
Peolile.,a/ Ireland. He did :bet deny that those
.1, favourites power to Ivry *whey.
iiinicare in a as ensure relaxed. has. ewer Imo-
- _ a
the Malang of 1.0. N. DONDeRRY *housing sorter evi. I 1118,
.taste
. . . l - • _.taste heirs 1i..... the i illiterate easegt_ tie t-nnaad.v..4