The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1803-06-25 00:00:00

THE BRITISH PRESS.

LON DON, ,
SATURDAY, it;NE e 5.
The plot at length begins to thicken, and the threat
of invasion has assumed shape and consistency. An
Army of Reserve, to which has been given the name
of the Army of England, is now forming at Daven-
ter. under the command of General DESOLLES
and the number of troops already assembled between
that place and Flushing, is estimated at little short
of 80.000 men. A camp of 90,000 men is forming
at Dunkin k, and another of 60,000 at Calais, at which
place the Ft asT Co ml. has arrived on his tour to
Belgium. And here we have to observe the curious
coincidence between .the military and commercial
speCulations of the Ff esr CONSI: L. In time of peace,
he was toinspea AI the manufaCtories between Paris
and Brussels ; in time of war, he does not find it ne-
cessary to alter his destination or his course, for the
purpose of viewing his camps, and superintending
the invasion of England. His Commercial Com-
missioners now shew themselves his Spies; and those
banks, which he so ostentatiously ereaed in every
town, arc converted into barracks. A number of
fresh corps have lately been marched to several
parts of Holland.. One brigade has entered the
Hague. from which place the Dutch troops have
been removed, and General VICTOR has been de-
clared, by the Dutch Government, Commander in
Chief of the Batavian Army. It is said, but upon
what authority we know not, that the French have
twenty-three line of battle ships in Brest, completely
ready for sea, besides a number of gun and flat-bot-
tomed boats.

Yesterday was a very close Holiday at the Stock
Exchange, and the other PuLlic Offices. Scarcely
any business was done.
It is asserted, but we know not on what authority,
that Ministers, in contemplation of hostilities, had
.ordered transports to be provided to proceed to the
Elbe and Weser, for the purpose of bringing away
the Hanoverian troops, in case it should be found
'that they were unequal to the defence of that Elec-
torate, if attacked by the enemy ; but that owing to
some negligence in the inferior departments, the ves-
sel; were only at the Nore, when they should have
been receiving the troops on board.
We st-tted some days ago, that the Mails made
up for Hamhurgh and Bremen were to be sent to
Gottenburgh. That plan is now carried into eff.!ft.
Thursday the Dime packet sailed for Harwich with
the Mails which have been collefting there for the
last three weeks. The Mails for Prussia and Ger-
many are yet detained, but they will be forwarded
in a few days to a place in Denmark.
Capt. Rosa of the Jamaica frigate, who distin-
guished himself at Copenhagen in a gallant manner
that attrafted the notice of Lord Nr Lson, has been
uncommonly successful, having within these few
days brought in his fourth prize.
Mr. Rams is appointed Agent to Distrid Staffs,
instead of Messrs. Cox and Ga aeNwoon.

The following Gentlemen have waited upon Mr.
ConaY, the Chancellor of the Exchequer for Le-
l:tad, to converse with him on the proposed Loin of
One Million; to be raised for the service of Ireland;
viz.

Iktmra Scott, 141 c, MIA Co.
111mim )13;:le French, and Burrows.
Mews. Jurdaine and Shaw.

The biddings are to be made at the Cfttle, in
Dublin, on the 1 ith July, in a .5 per cent. stock; the
interest on which is to commence fror4" the 2.stia
March. The instalments are at follovi:

1.
5 50,000 on dat Uhl g.
10 per cent 5%000 10 tamp et,: cent. CIA July.
1U per cent. 100,000 20th Atigte.t.
20 2.00,900 20th Seu.:iuber.
10 100,000 2'th tkrober.
10 -- 100,000 21At
150,000 29th Deceniber.
10 100,000 20th J.lnumy.
15 ' 150,00 20th Felrtutry.

• 1,000,1009

A discount of 5 per cent. to he allowed for
prompt payment.
The following ships were on Thursdly ordered
into Commission at Plymouth :

Northumb !dant) - 71 wins II <•t. Cnio Cocti RA Ng.
Polls:tee - - 20 <two C-I;.t. DuN TIAN.
Trlnllpt`Uie 18 ,ratt) CApt. GOI WIN

The Vi&ory, the Flag-Ship of Admiral Lord
Nctsom, has gone on to the Mediterranean, Ad-
miral CORNWALLIS having no longer any occasion
for her.
By a letter from Dr. HARNESS tO Mr. POWER the
Surgeon, we are happy to be able to contradiEt the
report of an Ophthalmia being prevalent in his MA.-
J L.ST V'S fleet.
By the Mt which received the Royal Assent on
tin 11th inst. the penalty for not procuring a sub-
stitute for the Supplementary Militia is increased
from 101. to 151. and every person hereafte- to be
inrolled in the Militia, must swear to the place of
his residence, trade, and whether married or not ;
and if married, that he has only one child born in
wedlock.
General &tact:kr, it is said, is to have the command
of a secret expedition. Such a command cannot
be entrusted in better hands. •
The press has been •ery hot for several days past
below bridge. Many watermen have been taken,
and all persons employed on the craft.

•

' PAsillolt:

• -
r.
CfrIA7F,SS OF GALLOWAY'S ROUT.
The Countess of Gs.s.cowsit.gave a Grand flout
'on Thursday evening L st, at her lictfle in Charles-
street, St. James's, to upwards of five hundred of
the first Nobility in London. Among du.' company
were,
Park—Stanhope, Moira, Clenmeg.
VISCOUIIt--.GrAVCS.
Lords— k. Gordon, Primrose, C. Manners, 0. PitzroY,
Spencer, Raneligh, Aughrim.
Sirs—T. Peocham, J. Seebright, 11. Dasliwood, A. C:orke,
J. Musgrave.
Colnuel—Duff
Messrs.—S. Smith, Clithernc, Streatham, St. George Caul-
field, Wilshy, Kingston, Smith, D. Grosvenor, Montague.
Edward Montague, Primose, Ashler, Ad sir, Anson, Benna,
Manners, !lope, Johnson, Boasts, Gas soigne, Pierrepoint, De
Gray, Peaehe!.
Duchesses—St Alban's, Montrose, Northumberland, Beau- .
fort, Bolton.
Marehionesses-.-Downshire, Worcter,Salisbnry.
Offillti3tiieS—Antrini, Stanhope, Clare, Chantnelt, Chstham,
Tankerville, Talbot, Cork, Cm-titan, Carlisle, Glynn., Essex. .
Vi ;countesses--Alton, Loots:Saki.
Ladies—Finch, Bruce,.ll. Fitzgerald, Glynn, Walaingliam,
11. Clikkester, Andover, 'Templeton, Manners, E. Talbot, S.
Vincent, C Harbert:in, A. Ashley, B. Peacham IL Sullivan,
Bennett, three Preys, F. C. i:Valevave, ('
Johnson, J. Aston, tiotthwick, F. Sometsett, G. Howard,
Fitzroy, Mildmay, Spencer, Berton, A. Wyndhain, Bland-
ford, Mu grave, Anglitini, G. Cecil, Sheffield.
Kstresse,--Stanhope, Milk, S. Smith, St. G. Caultield,
Wils'ay, Drummond, Egerton, Butler, Methuen, Sinn 11„Mott-
tague, D. Grosvenor, Wright, Sythicy, Dickens, Fordyce, De
Gray, Lowther, Peachey, 11 . Wall,nl :,Eaton, Sp mow, Digby.
Misses—Manners, Griniston' P.gnt, Dighy, Alen, Upton,
Methuen, Vincent, De Grays,Smith, Crofts, Bennett, Dash-
wood, Sidley, Wright, Hunl..ke, Rin:ant. Dickens.

Lady WILLOUGHBY gave a splendid party last
night at her house in Whitehall..
The Duchess of DEVONSiII L gave her secind
Grand Ball on Wednesday night. It was corduaed
with that princely magnificence which marks the
cruel tainments of Devonshire house.
Mrs. ONI esos's Ball, in Hereford s e Ox-
ford•street, on Wednesday, was attended t y mar
300 persons of fashion ; 200 sat down to a most
excellent supper ; the apartments were . elegantly
fitted up on the occasion.
The Prince GRASICHA LCYH is with the Prince de
Esa ERN AZT, in Portland-place.
Lord Viscount GRIMSToN and family set off from
Grosvenor-square on Thursday, for his seat at Got..
hambury, near St. Alban's.
The Earl of Rostaxitav and family have left
town for Bixley Hall.
The Hon. Mr. WORT LY STUART and family left
town on Wednesday for Belmont Castle, Scotland.
Tie Marquis of A neac oar( and family set off ort
Monday from the Priory, near Stanmore', for Ire-
land ; they intend stopping a fcw days on their
way at Port Patrick, and afterwards proceed to
Baron's Court near Newtown Stuart, in the North
of Ireland. •
Mr. and Mrs. J. C. BErEsronD left town oa
Thursday for Ireland.
lhe marriage which was to take place this day
between Major Mims ea and Miss CI.F.NIENTS is
postponed for a few days, in consequence of a fall
the Major received on Monday from his horse, by
which he dislocated his knee.
' Mrs. &I:MONS is at present at Cheltenham, and
closely confined to her chamber with the rheuma-
tism in her face.
Thursday being the last day appointed for voting
in •gentlemen to serve in the Royal St. James's
Volunteers, 240 were ele&ed, which completes the
number of 600.
Lord Ha aaoway. died on Monday, at Bath, At
the age of tit., A vacancy is consequently produced
in the representation of Tiverton, by the elevation of
his eldest son, the Hon: DUDLEY RYDER, now
Lord Hai ROWDY, to the House of Peers.
On Sunday se'nnight the Earl of Bainorwartg
and his amiable Countess arrived at Ellesmere
where his Lordship has very.extensive property.
The inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood;
ever attached to the Bridgewater family, testified,
their respe.a by every derunnstration of joy Upon
this happy occasion.
On Monday, the morning was ushered in at a
very earl.), hour by the riaging of the bells—an Oc
was roasted at the Meer side— a stage was eretled at
the end of the Market-hall, from s hence the Gen-
tlemen of the town, preceded by colours eying and
a band of music, walked in procession to the place
Where the Ox was roasted, the band playing " God
Live the King." Here they fnund it ldaded in a
waggon, attended by six butchers, three on each
siae, with their saws and their cleavers, dressed in
white frocks and blue aprons.—The company then
preceded die waggon, which was drawn to the town,
the hand playing " 0 the Road Beef of Old Eng-
land!" The procession halted opposite the Royal
Oak, from the windows of which inn, the Earl and
Countess beheld with great satisfaißion this instance
of respea, and were cheered by the company with
loud and heartfelt huzxas. Upon their arrival at
the stage the Ox was hoisted upon it, where the
lynchers exercised their business with the utmost
dexterity, by cutting it up with dispatch. It was
received in the most orderly manner by the popu-
lace, who, in consequence of a proclamation made
by the town cii brought plates and dishes for that
purpose, and a liberal quantity of ale and bread was
delivered to 'each ialividual. A large company
then sat down in the Town Hall,.where a handsome
dinner was provided. The utmost hilarity, good
hamour, and decorum prevailed, and the evening
closed with a. dis,)lay of fire-works.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM PHILADELPHIA.
DATED MAY 10TH.
" The weather, during the preceding week, has
been unusually ccld and boisterous for the season.---
On Saturday morning last, there was ice, in and
near this city, of the thickness of a dollar ; and.
during the night of Saturday, and the morning of
Sunday,. the tith, there was a fall of snow, which
did considerable damage to the vegetable world.--
'1 he Lombardy Poplars, in the streets and gardens
of this city, Nv:2re generally injured ; the weight of
the snow, which adhered to the leaves and branche,,,
in some instances, bore down the whole tree ; and.
in most others, it stripped them of their tops and
principal branches. Many who slept in chambers
contiguous to those trees, were awakened by the
cracking of the falling limbs, to behold the singular
speaacle which they exhibited. We have conversed
with several old inhabitants of Philadelphia on this
mbje..ll, who agree in saying, that they have no re-
colt•etion of snow in May, excepting the instance
above mentioned, and another svbich occurred on
the 4th of May', in the year 1:71 or 17,"2, which tie-
' stroy.ed the greatest part of the early fruit:'

V
..
II

PRIYME eattl2.lloo)thlkCE.
• • .- '
• PARIS, rent IS.
Yesterday nonaparte delivered into the hands of
the Great Officers of State, to be deposited in the Se-
nate, his Will and Testament appointing a succes-
sor.
The cmstitntional, but disagreeable, task to re-
mind the immortal man that he is mortal, belongs
to the Grand Judge, who, with ail the cunning of
consummate revolutionary courtier, has not been
able to avoid hurting the nice feelings of his virtuous
sovereign on this delicate occasion, and is not, there-
fore, as was first intended, to be of the journey to
brussels, which it is expelled will take place in 48
hours, should no new obstacle present itself.
Report says, one of the reasons why this journey
has been retarded, is the disobedience of some Ge-
nerals, who were ordered to quit Paris, and to re-
side above 30 leagues from it ; but who not only re-
fused to obey, but threatened to .ptiblish these or-
ders, and their reasons for not obeying them. Fondle
has been as,ociated with Duroc to negotiate this af-
fair, which is now so far settled, that the Generals
have given their parer d'hoi:ntur to reside on their
estates, and not to return to Paris before the Consul.
Moreau, Massena, Angcrcau, and Macdonald, with
ten other Generals, are mentioned as the Consular
exiles.

Taller aml has told some of the Foreign Amba".
sailors here, that their presence at Brussels would
not be disagreeable to the First Consul; to others
he has hinted that their presence might be dispensed
v:ith. None of the Diplomatic Corps, however,
are yet making any preparations for this journey.
Couriers and conferences, intrigues and negotia-
tions, continue their usual train ; and it restlessness
constitutes happiness, the usurper, his ministers, fa-
vourites, and courtiers, are the most happy beings
upon earth.

THEJIRE.

the anr

of Mr

HAY-MARI•ZET.
ELT. iTON's first

„castor.
pearance in the arduous charaEler of Ri.:hard for
Third, attraded last night a brilliant audience. •
The piece itself, if not one of the first-rate of
Suaeserant's productions, is, at least, one of the
most interesting ; and the late frequent display of
the rival powers of the two great Richard', -CooKis
and Kest arr, have qualified even school-boys to
judge how far its Hero is justly rspresented.
Mr. Li...Livros, last night, in his delineation of
this arduous charafter, has justified the early patron.
age of the public, and done himself the highest cre-
dit. In his opening soliloquy, his emphasis and
manner were striking, without being forced or
strained—and his wooing scene with Lady .11m,
was peculiarly happy—his sudden transitions and
change of voice, very judicious—and the raw
touches of flattery were so delicately given, as to
steer clear of shocking probability and offending
the judgment of the audience. There was none of
the overstrained grinning sarcasm which has been'
objelEted to one great ACtor of that fort; nor the ex-
treme stiffness of constrained courtship which has
been noticed in another. Mr. ELtisroN's figure is
not by nature commanding; but he made irso. Nor
did his voice, which is full and powerful, ever desert
him; in short, it was a most respectable and mas-
terly exhibition of dramatic ability, and sound clas-
sic conception of his, author.
Having said thus much (and 'tic but justice) it
may be permitted to remark some very minute
points, which wore the remblance of a fault. In the
scene immediately before his meeting with Richm7n4
where he calls on his soldiers to -follow him, his '
voice should uniformly rise, till he rushes' off the
stage- and not sink; his breaks and pauses, in his
last soliloquy, were rather too long ; and his irre-
solution. in presence of Norfolk, in the eve of the bat-
tle, rather to studied. His terror and recovery after
his dream, were well executed. But no aCtor should
introduce expletive. of his own into the text of
SitAese EA RE. SH A KSPEA RI: wrote—” Richard's
himself again"—but not, " Cvaw f—Richard's him-
self again."
The fight or duel between Richord and Rigmond
. was warmly applauded, and yet, strictly speAking, it
wits neither broad-sword fighting, nor vet accord-
ing to the more modern rules of carte and terce. If
.the play is repeated, nc dcubt this manceuvre can be
arranged.
In point of costume, Mr. Ettasrou -.vas truly
.grand in his regal suit : but why never once appear
in mourning for his brother's death, when the
Queen, Duchess of York, young Princes, and every
person about the Coart, wear black ? but this is a
breach of decorum which even the accurate Mr.
tremble has never correCted.


The merchants of Bourdeaux expel the arrival
of 150 sad of merchantmen, but they are um!er the
grcate,t apprehensions least they shotild fall into the
Lands of the English. The commerce of that city
is now at a stand, and from seventy to eighty houses
are exp Med to become insolvent.
• . r. Yesterday Cie Lord Mayor, attended by the
• Sheriffs, went to Guildhall and held a Court of
Common Council for the eledion of two Sheriffs for
the ensuing year. The names of the Aldermen who
had not served as Sheriffs were read over, as was
a list of many names who had been nomina:ei to
serve as Sheriffs.
• At a Common-Hall held yesterday at Guildhall,
for the eleaion of, Officers for the year ensuing, the
Aldermen who have not served the office of Sheriff,
with several others, were put in nomination for that
office, and, on the shew of hands, the present She-
. riffs doubting whether the eledion had fallen upon
AhLrman Su w and Sir WILLI AM LElcttroN,
Knight, or Mr: Alderman SHAW and WI I.LI Am
Row, Esq. (an opulent coal owner ituthe North of
England) Sir WILLIAM La fonroK, Knight, and
IVI 1, t, fA m Row, Esq. were put up a second time,
. and the eledion was declared in favour of Mr. Al-
derman SHAW and Sir WILLIAM LI.IGHTON, Knt.;
and it is supposed that WILLIAM Row, Esq. will be
brought forward next year.
RICHARD CLARK, Esq. was unanimously eleded
Chamberlain.
The Bridge-Masters and Ale-Conners for the last
Year, were eleted for the year ensuing.
A Court of Aldermen was held after the Com-
' Mon-Hall—when Sir MATTHEW kkoxitAst, Knt.
.. Alderman of the Ward of Bridge, in the room of
GEORGE HIBSERT, Esq. resigned, and the Cham-
berlain and Bridge-Masters (according to annua
custom) were sworn in..
- .; •. : .
•:

• • •'

s

• .*

dliMms..

116t7SE OF BARNDENBURGX.
Thi following If istoilearZAccount trill evince that Chia
tii:icllynasiy his, It no tithe, been inattentive to tts -
dual interest, even at the expellee of delicacy.
Frederick tht.;. Vlth, Burgrave of Nnrenberg, put._
thased the Electorate of Brandenburgh, abotit th.
middle
.of the 1 /tl.t century, from the Emperor Si•
gismund, and paid ready money fir it, which he
borrowed from his good city of Nurenberg.
That the said sum was borrowed is generally ac-
knowledged, but history is silent as to its having beet.
returned.

A century after, /Wert of Blandenbut* who had.
been chosen Grand Master of the Teutonic Or4:ei
by the Knights, who had subdued the idolatrous :Inn
cruel inhabitants of Eastern Prussia ; feeling uneasy
under the idea of possessing the Principality, as a
spiri :mat !rnurt, quieted his consciei:ce, by al,juring
both his religion and the order ; thus transmitting
by his recantation, a teva-al Sovereignty to his
House.

So much zeal in the mice of rehg. ion: reform did
not pass unrewarded even in this nether world ; for
it was in consequence of such piour motives, that the
Principalities of Magdeburgh and of Halberstadt
became, in process of time, subjeet to the Tamil!.
Nor did the House ef 'Brandenburgh lose any thing
by reversion: ; for it was by sw:cession, that, at
various periods, the Dutchy of Pomerania, and the
Principality of East Erin, fell into its hands, no
doubt, because the Sovereigns of those died without
isue—it is true, however, that sume objeaions were
made at the time, against the aet of seizure, on ac-
count of the want of reciprocity in the state of ,he
contraBinZ parties ; several political casuists even in-
sisted, that, when fiefs of the empire became vacant,
through failure of issue, the investiture devolved de
jure on 'the Emperor—such, at least at that time,
was the acknowled.rd law of Europe in general,
and of the empire in particular; but then every ruk
bears an exception, and in that case probably the
charge was only specious.

_ .
The ancestors the Great. Fredfri,h held several
possessions in Silesia, in right of vassalage, and
had claims on many others. The minority of Ma-
ria Thema was deemed an opportune moment to
decide such pretensions, and every thing was ac-
cordingly adjusted, agreeably to the most sanguine
wishes of Fi-etlerki, who, from being the vassal
Duke or an inconsiderable portion of Silesia, became
the Sovereign Prince, and paramount of the whole
•
territory.
On the first partition of Poland, the abbey of Oliva
fell into the hands of tht King of Prussia. Now it
happened, that the Abbot of Oliva possessed some
claims on the city of Dantzic—these claims, which
could be only feebly urged by an Abbot, acquired
considerable energy When defended by a King, and
thus did Dantzic, which was a free and Hans city,
while under the dominion of Poland, become the
individual property of the new Abbot of Oliva—thus
also was all the trade of Poland transferred to Prus-
sia —thus again did the North of Europe lose its
chief mart for corn, and, from that period, down to
the present, the South has experienced very frequent
and very disastrous dearths.
The second partition of Poland is as well known,
as the definitive robbery is scandalously notorious.
The Pules complained to universal Europe that
they had been compelled to alter the form of Go-
vernment, in which they had acquiesced under the
guarantee of Prussia, and in consequence of:plc/did
premises, the result of whiCh was to expose them to
the assaults of a power, too mighty for them to
make head against, but which they had highly of-
f:aded—Prussia coalesced with that power, in order
1 to put an end to agonizing Poland, which soon dis-

appeared from the list of nations.
This series of acquisitions (which had been very
considerably augmented by the bfrs.::d system of In-
demnities) are ftu.ther strengthened by others in va-
rious dire Lions ; towards Russia, for instance, by
the means of Memel; in the Ele.aorate of Saxony,
by the bound.rries of Colbus, Mansfield, and Erfurt ;
towards Ilesse, by Paderborr. and Eiciisfeldt ; in
Hanover, by Hildesheim ; in Westphalia, which is
become a Prussian province; and in Franconia, which
the Court of Berlin shares with the Lleetor of Ba-
varia.

Theforesight of the Prussian Cabir.et has been
carried even as far as Svahia, in the hope of one or
two Abbeys, in rtverzion, which have been cedeal t(
the St/at/war!

.

The Loan MAYOR has appointed a Commoa
Hall to be held on Wednesday next, to consider the
propriety of instruCting the Representatives for this
City to oppose a Lill now pending in Parliament
for laying a Tax upon Income, in consequence of a
requisition made to him by several of the Livery
for that purpose.
On Saturday se'nnight, the Earl of MANSFIELD
arrived at Scone. His Lordship has assumed the
corsimand of his regiment, the Perthshire Militia,
which is already in a very excellent state of military
The South• Down Flock, which Mr. Cuawtt4
brought to Windermere about two years ago, and
which have been pastured on the mountains above
Lake, are likely to answer every purpose ex
acsired from the experiment.

bBSER VATIO A'S
ON A
It'ECt7fAIi‘tTANDIND ARNre; AND A MILITIA;
titireACTEb PROW A brtElittATED AVI4/OR, AND
SUBMITTiD• Ti) CM.: AVTENTION DE PAELAA,
iIifNTAaY AND MILITARY MENLAtin ALL GLASSES
OF TUE COMI46I.tIFY."
•
When the art of war has gradually grown up to
ie a vent intricate and complicated science, when
he event of war ceased to be determined, as in the
irst stage of sactey,ipt a singfe irreguhle skirmish
r battle, it. becomes universally necessary that the
riblic should maintain those who serve the public
• war ; at least while they are. employtd in that.
ervice. Whatever in time of peace might be the
refnery occupation of those who go to war, so very
edious and expensive a service would otherwise
.e by fir too heavy a burthcn upon them.
In all the different Reptilrlics of :Indere Greece,
o learn his military exercises, was a necessary part
,f education imposed by the State upon every free wane.
itizen. In every city there seems to have been a of desert,
•üblic field, in which, under the prnteaion of the and even aa,
eithlic Magistrate, the young -periele were law and Corsicai.
!heir di:fcrert exercises by differeet masters._ In this This measure is 0,.
very simple institutien, consisted the whole expence those disagreeable to t.
which any Grecian State seems ever to have been at etaising its chief in addles-:e..
in preparieg its cities for War. In ancient Rome, the are suspaled of inclinations te
exercises of the Campus M.ertius answered the same times it is an invention of the Prefer.,
purpose with those of the Gymnasium in ancient mender' or the Police Agent, when the,
(7; recce. ney to lay individuals, of whole distriEts
In the Republics of ancient Greece and Rome, indirect contribution.
during the whole period of their existence, and un- Any requisition made by the civil or
der the feudal Governments, fee a considerable time power, either of men or of property, if r
after their first establishment, the trade of a soldier neglected, Is followed by Garniseires, qua'
was not a separate, distina•trade, which constituted on the principal citizens, and afterwar
the sole or principal occupation of a particular class inhabitant of the city, town, or village
of citizens. Every subjeCt of the State, whatever In Corsican France, no tax-gat]
might be the ordinary trade or occupation by which ploycd. The direetor of the cot:tribe
he gained his livelihood, considered himself, upon all triet sends the list of the taxes, wie
ordinary occasions, as fit likewise to exercise the to each citizen, mentioning whey
trade of a soldier, and upon many extraordinary cc- at his office, and that to.negle
casions as bound to exercise it. by the quartering of Clarnisa7
It is the wisdom of the State only which can ren- he receives one or more
der the state of a soldier a particular trade, separate what is due, and after th
and distima from Al others. A private citizen, who, code, the number is dr
in time of profouod peace, and without any parti- third decade ;if not r
cular encouragement from the public, should spend cution on his propert
the greater part of his time in military exercises, The regulated ye
might, no doubt, both improve himself very much livres, or 'half a et-
in them, and amuse himself very Well, but he cer- ing ; ,and severa'
tainly could not promote his own interest. It is the office of police
wisdom of the State only which can render it for his rally employ,
interest to give up the greater part of his time to distria is de
this particular occupation ; and States have not al- then near,-
ways bad this wisdom, even when their circum- quired.
stsvices had become such, that the preservation of It of
their existence required that they should have it. misce
Military exercises came to be as much negleSted the
by the inhabitants of the country as by those of the pe"
town, and the great body of the people became al- f
together unwarlike. That wealth, lt the same
time, which alsvays follows the improvements of
agriculture and.reanufallui es, and which, in redity,
is no tnore than the accumulated produce of those
improvements, eiovo'ees _the invasion of all their
neighbours. An industrious, and upon that ac-
count a wealthy nation, is of all nations the most
likely to be attacked ; and unless the State takes
some measures for the public defence, the natural
habits of the people render them altogether incapa-
ble of defending themselves.
Regularity, order, and prompt obedience to com-
mand, are qualities which, in modern .armies, arc
of more importance towards determining the fate
of battles, than the dexterity and skill of the soldiers
in the use of their arms.
A Militia, in whatever manner it may be either
disciplined or exercised, must always be niuch in-
ferior to a wall-disciplined and well-exercised Stand- -
ing Army.
The soldiers who are exercised only once a week,
or once a month; can never he so expert in the Use
of their arhis, as those who are exercised every day,
or every other day ; and though this circumstance muliNr AT la RBICE.
may not be of so much consequence in modern as it
WAS in ancient times, .yet the acknowledged superi-
NEW YORlty MAY (20.
Deity of the Prussian troops, owing, it is said, very
By the brig Franklin, Capt. Newell, arrived here
ranch to their superior expertness in their exercise,
may satisfy us that it is, even at this day, of very yesterday, we learn, that on the 13th of April a mu-
tiny broke out among the soldiers at the fort of thie
considerable consequence.•
A Militia cif any kind, it must be observed, how- place ; they put every commissioned officer under
ever, which has served for several successive cam- arrest, and
of them. armed, with se cant and took possession of th.c fort end magazire.
tj
paigns in the field, becomes hi every respe& a Stand-
n Fourat
ing Army. The soldiers are every day exercised in their head, marehed to the town, crossing the river
the use of their arms, and being constant] under
the same under the Canye, before an alarm .could be green. They sat.!,
command of their officers, are habituatedt
they did not wish to disturb the inhabitants in the
least, but would defeud them. They were then met
prompt obedience which takes place in Standing
by the inhabitants and officers in the town, and two
Armies.
companies got under arms and prepared for tear
they were before they took the field is of
little imnortance. The,: necessarily become in attack ; the Colonel, by fair promises, put them off
every respeet a Standing Army, after they have until mernies, and they returned to the fort, but no
passed a leve campaigns in it, 0
satefaCtion being given to them, they mustered, and
fire soldiers of a Standi Army, though they
ner began firing at an armed schooner tieatsla,y in the
may never have seen an enemy, yet have frequently liver Canye e the schooner returned a -fire of grape
shot, which killed two and wounded several others ;
appeared to possess all the courage of veteran troops,
the mutineers then retreated. A company from tf!e
and the very moment that they took the field, to
have been ht to hive the hardiest and most cape- town commanded by the colonel's son, crossed the
rienced veterans, river, and advanced towards the back of the fort,
A well-regulated Standing Army is superior to where they
exchanged several-shots with a patrol-
every Militia. Such an army as it cannot be main-
ing party, and were at last forced to retreat into the
rained by an opulent nod civilized nation, so it can town.
The Mutineers sent.their officers, to the Govern-
alone defend such a nation against the invasion of a
ment House, accompaniedr.by their 'ITV* Comman-
poor and barbarous nation.
Men of Republican principles have been jealous der and several others. They demanded satisfaCtion
of a Standing Army, as dangerous to Liberty. It a second time; the Governeor arts' Council ininct!i-
certainly is so, wherever the interest of the General, ately assembled, and agreed. to make papee.reoecs
that should pass current and pa -yeehem off, and give
andthat of the principal Officers, are not necessarily
connected with the support of the Constitution of them provisions according to the promise made in
•the State. The Standing Army of Czsar destroyed Holland. Upon these conditions they stibmittea,
the Roman Republic—the Standiag Army of Crom-
and order was'restored.
well turned the Long Parliament ont of doors; but
. -
where the Sovereign is himself the General, the
'S '• . •
principal Nobility and Gentry of the country the F 120.1 LLOYD UP.
.. •
chief Officers of the Army—where the military
force is placed under the command of those who' The Brothers, Hall, from New Yore, tan fotilW Volt"
have the gteatest interest in the support of the civil privateer, and sunk her going Irina LitcrinidK" " -
authority, because they have themselves the great- mumps .
est share of that authority, a Standing Army can In the Downer-the Lord Nelson, Smith; from Jamaica. 't,
never be dangerous to I.iberty ;on the contrary, it At Portsmouth--the Nysns, Samitand, from Dominica. /
may, in some cases, be favourable to Liberty. '1 o At Exeter—the ]sea, -hiker, from Seville. • • ,
a Sovereign, on the contrary, -who feels himself At LnerpOol—vtlie 'Brothers, Bail; and, Francis Henrietta,
from New York • Wirodrup Sims Hodgson 'from Plata- • I
supported, not only by the natural Aristocracy • Tre ptie; Jamaiia, Gle'gg ; Swift, Taite;'
Janies,'Redinayno;
of the country, but by a well-regulated Stand- and eenson, Peale's, front Jamaica,
ing Army, the rudest, the most groundless, At Chdcthe Pomona, Ramsay, from Grenada.
and the most licentious remonstrances, can give At New P:ovidence--the Cotton Planter, f
little disturbance. He can safely pardon or nego Afr ei.
At Havannah—the Anna Baia, Cowen from ditto.
lect them; and his consciousness of his own su- At Jainaica--the Lime, Cadenheask,inkLemloni, and ti).43
periority, naturally dispo,ses him to do so. Keirie, from Africa.
. -
'•

Luc,_ qua.
on his parents, relaLives, or friends, until he is front:,
or they can prove themselves ignorant of his :-etripat.
Bribvs to the Police Commissary are the most
and generally the only proofs..

When any young conscripts conceal theniselsee
or desertoGarnisaires are sent in the same maii:o.r
to their parents, relations, and friends, and remain
with them until they bring foreoeed the persona
wanted, or others in their plat' ; when the number
of deserters is great, a whole city, town, or villuge,
and even a ivhole department, is put under military
law and Corsican excommunication.
This measure is often employed as a revenge on
those disagreeable to Government, either by not
raising its chief in addresses of adulation, or who
are suspeaesi of inclinations to royalty ; at other
times it is an invention of the Prefed, of the Com-
mander, or the Police Agent, when they wart mo-
ney to lay individuals, of whole distrkts under an
indired contribution. •
Any requisition made by the civil or military
power, either of men or of property, if refused or
negleCted, Is followed by Garniseires, quartered first
on the principal citizens, and afterwards on every
inhabitant of the city, town, or village.
In Corsican France, no tax-gatherers are em-
ployed. The director of the contributions of each dish •
trid sends the list of the taxes, with a letter of advice
to each citizen, mentioning when they are to be paid
at his office, and that to.neglect it, will be followed
by the quartering of Garnisaires; the term expired,
he receives one or more soldiers in proportion to
what is due, and after the expiration of the first de-
cade, the number is doubled, and so on until the
third decade ; if not paid in three decades, an vie.
cution on his property takes place in t 3 hours. •
The regulated pay of each Garnisaire is three
livres, or' half a crown a day. besides board and lodg-
ing ; .and several young invalids are attached to each
office of police and of contribution, who are gene-
rally employed as Garnisaires; brit when a whole
distrid is declared to be under the military banns, the
then nearest brigade furnish the number of men re.
quired.
It often happens that those letters of advice either
miscarry, or are negleded to be sent ; but the day
the Garnisaires present themselves, they must be
paid what is demanded, besides half a crown fur
each, and something four bare, if they only remain
five minutes. It is looked upon as a dishonour to
have Garnisaires for taxes in one's house, but it hap-
pens to the most wealthy of the citizens, if the direce
tor of the contributions, or his subalterns, have any
grudge against them; because, by negleCting to send
the notice of what is to be paid, it is only known by
the arrival of the Garsisaires ; besides, that as the '
Garnisairts are frequently the relatives ef.ilete differ-
ent officers of the contribution, they wilfultrproeure •
them opportunities to• gain money and to plUroler
their fellow citizens. Certain of impunity, every mi-
litary and civil officer is by turn a • tyrant and -al
slave. Since the Corsican usurped the throne' of.
France, there has been no example-of a person being
punished for abuse of power, or for tyranny ; bait'
several public fundionaries have been disgraced for •
not using their power as tyrants ; and the sword
and the bayonet of the Garnisaires, are therefore
made use of on many occasions, both cruel and ri-
diculous, to settle differences, to praelice oppression.
to intlid punishment, and to procure plunder.

.


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AiIIIIIMNIIIIIIIIIIIW .
41.141411010'i
NI
OARNISAIRESo
rf proof was wanting of the military despot.
isfil under which France groans, the use its Govern.
metlt makes of Garnisaires, affords an evident and
undeniable one. This revolutionary oppression was
invented by Robespierre, improved by the Direct-
tory, and organized by Bonaparte; and frer French-
men are so accustomed to all sorts of tyranny, that t
they4look upon this as a 'Sart of their constitutional
laws, which arc however entirely silent on this sub-
jea.
When nny nerased or stupefied person has et;eapeti
the search of the_l'olice, Garnisaires arc quarteresi

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