The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-09-06 00:00:00

AMERICA' PARrtis.

A democratic writer inn Kentucky Paper (the fret sales
rommoniveuith) draws the following picture of what in
the United States is termed the Federal Petty. The late
:struggle between the two principal candidates for the Pre
sidency, Adams and Jackson. appears to have revived
party feeling very strongly. The following sketch, theft=
ore, made by a writer of the Democratic party, will n
.be without interest to our readers on this side or
Atlantic
Soon after the Government of the United States bas
•organizod, two parties sprung up, distinguished by the
names of Federalist and Republitan, who fur many years,
irith unabated zeal and par:y spirit, struggled for the
ascendancy. The Federalists were advocates of a strong
goirunment ; they wished it to be Monarchical in fie cha-
racteristic

features, or so energetic in its constitution as to
enable the Executive and Judicial powers to control the
prOonderating influence of the people.
They contended, that the British Constitution exhibited
the ;best model of a rational and moderate Government
known to the world—and such a one as was worthy of
imitation by the American people. And they contended
*at "separate orders of men were necessary, in all well
organized and good governments, to fix the balance of
power, and to insure their stability. In accordance with
thew sentiments, when the convention had under Consider-
ation the adoption of a constitution for the United States,
they exercised all their talents, ability, and influence to
give that in.:drument such features, as would insure the
object of their wishes. Alexander Hamilton (the idol of
the party to this day), John Adams, Timothy Pickering, &c.
were the leaders of this party. Hamilton was the leading
champion, he was a man of pre-eminent talents, bold any.
daring in all his measures. He actually proposed to the
convention, in his form of government, that the President,
the Senate, and the Judiciary should be elected for life.
These principles, he, in corlainction with his party, zealously
advocated and defended, with all their ability and influence.
' The two first they failed in, but succeeded in the third.
John Adams (afterwards President of the United States,)
wrote a book which he was pleased to call a defence of the
American constitution, in which the admiration of the
writer for the British system was manifest and glaring.
He was on one occasion heard to say, that he hoped he
hould live to see the day, when certain of the Republicans
of the union would be convinced, that the people of
America would not be happy without an hereditary
chief magistrate and senate, or at least for life.
After the saviour of our country, 'Washington, retired from
office, John Adams was elected by the Federal party Pre-
sident of the United States. They had by their teal, alai-
(Laity, talents, and management, become the prevailing
and fashionable party. Every man pretending to good so-'
eiety was expected to be of Federal politics, and the oppo-
sition was considered as including chiefly, the poor, the ig-
norant, and rabble. They were backed by the banking in-
terest, the mercantile importing int'ziest, and all the monied
aristocracy of the country. The judiciary seemed to have
fully acted their part also in the high-handed measures.
The Republicans were now denounced by this party jaw-
bins and rebels, and hardly fit to be admitted into genteel
society. About this time the RtOttblicans saw that the
liberty and independence they had obtained at the sacrifice
of so much blood, toil, and treasure, was shaken to its
foundation, and that if this party was permitted to rule,
that they must again bow their necks, and receive the yoke
of a hereditary monarch. They, therefore, with Mr. Jef-
ferson at their head, determined to make a bold stand.

The Federalists Were so enraged at the opposition made
by the Republican party, and impatient to secure the free
fruition of supreme power, that Mr. Adams procured the free
passage of several laws by Congress, which, in their nature
and practical effects, struck at the foundation of the liber-
ties of the people. Supported by a majority of the mem-
; bens of Congress, who were Federalists, he blindly gave him-
self up to the guidance of wicked counsels, and, with a
strong hand and an outstretched arm, made rapid strides to
absolute power. Among the means resorted to in
furtherance of his views, the alien ar.d sedition laws
were the most obnoxious and dangerous. The first
authorized the President at hit pleasure to order
out of the United States all such aliens or foreigners as
might be obnoxious to him, not to return under the severest
penalties. The second, called the sedition law, made j,.t,
highly penal for an 7 person to speak or write any thitig
against the high dignitaries of the union, and any persons
who should dare violate the ;law, were emir:4W so judicial
punishment, by fine and imprisonment. In addition to
those hateful measures, and as auxiliaries thereto, may be
enumerated a large standing army, a great augmentation
of the navy and heavy and oppressive taxes, all conjured
up to aid and further the party in placing an hereditary
monarch at the head of the Government, and subverting
the liberties of the people.
The party at this time had gone to such lengths, that the
eyes of the people began to open and see their true situa-
tion, and Adams and his party began to see the clouds
rising above the horizon. When they were drawing the
last !breath, they endeavoured to strengthen and fortify
themselves under the judiciary ; that power that was
installed in Office for life. They made sixteen new Judges
as their last act. The peole now rose in the majesty of
their strength, and elected Jefferson President of the
United States, which may appropriately be called a second
revolution. The first congress under his adininstration
repealed the law creating sixteen new Judges and
the alien and sedition laws. The repealing of all those
laws was violently opposed by the Federalists. Under
Jefferson's administration the Government was re-
stored to its health, and all things were:well ; but
his task was an arduous one, as the artillery of
the Federalists was incessantly levelled at him. After
Jefferson, Madison followed pretty much in his footsteps.
The Federalists still kept up their cpposition, but to very
little purpose. Monroe's object appears to have been to
destroy that rancour and party spirit that was still alive,
and to reconcile parties and bring them as near together as
possible. But, alas! in the Judiciary—that power installed
in office for life—are found yet to exist those seeds of aris-
tocracy, which the people of this day are called upon, by
the voice of liberty and republicanism, and by everything
that is near and dear to themselves, to check and destroy.

AULD RODIN GRAY.—We copied lately from an Eng-
lish paper a paragraph, claiming this exquisite melody as
the production of the Rev. Mr. Leeves. Rector of Uring-
ton, Somersctshire. This is a mistake, whether originating
with the Reading Mercury, the paper alluded to, or the
Rev. Mr. Leeves, we do not pretend to know. It is well
known in Scotland that the beautiful ballad alluded to was
written by Lady Ann Lindsay, an accomplished Scottish
lady, sister to the late Earl of Balcarras.—Caledonian
Mercury.
REMAREADLI SAOACITY..--SOMe time ago, a child was
walking out with the maid-servant in George's-square,
Edinburgh, where, it would appear, the dogs are remark-
able for wisdom and benevolence ; the child was throwing
a ball before it, which happened to run into the middle of
the street, and the child followed it. The servant just
then happened to meet some one with whom she stopped
to converse, and at the same moment a carriage came
quickly round the corner of the square towards the child.
A large Newfoundland dog, which was lying upon the
pavement, darted forward, seized the child by the clothes,
and laid it safely down at the feet of the servant. No won-
der we have epitaphs on Newfoundland Dogs.—Edinburgh
Star.

On Wednesday morning, a person of the name of Ben-
nett, an engineer, from Staffordshire, attempted to com-
mit suicide in a field at IVootlhouse-lane, in this town, by
first cutting his throat with a razor in two places, and then
by casting himself into a well containing ten fret of water.
In this dreadful situation the instinctive love of life pre-
vailed over his previous determination, and he preserved
himself from sinking by grasping a pipe. How long he re-
, maincil in this situatlma is not known, but soon after six
o'clock in the morning, he was found by some brickmakers,
who were going to resume their labour, and whose mien-
' tion was attracted by a bloody razor lying upon the ground.
Ile was then up to the neck in the water and evidently ex-
. hausted, and if assistance had not thus opportunely ar-
rived, his fearful purpose of self-destruction must have been
fully accomplished. He was extricated from his perilous si-
tuation, and taken to the Infirmary, the wounds in the
throat, though very scrims, arc not likely to prove fatal,
and he is now in a fair way of recovery. 'f he unfortunate j
man was induced to make this attempt by a depression of I
spirits, produced,
business. Leeds e ?Tut. y.
it is said, by an excessive application to

• ills atolat
The Rev. Ralph Harvey aire hailosen iastitakeil to
the Rectory of Longford, Shropshire, on the preaseatioso
of Ralph Leeke,Bsq. of Longford Hall.
The Rev. Geocre Thomas Pretyrnarr, L.L B. was on
Friday installed a Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral,
in the room of•tho late Rev. C. A. North.
The Ret. R. B. Paul, M.A. Fellow of Exeter
has lrecn presented, by the Rector and Fellow of that Su-
dety, to the Vicarage of Lvng Wittenham, in that 'aunty.
We were prematbre in announcing Mr. •Prttyiran's
presentation to the livings at Alverstoke and I-Oayant. • We
now understand that these Vacancies have tie! yet beters
supplied.—llumprhiee Chronick

•
lIRItTFORD DISTRICT
FOR THE PROMOTION OF CBAISTIAtt MAW!
LEDGE.
_ , .. •

TICe Imbue' meeting of ihe above Society was heel oat
Monday last at the Shire-liallt Hertford, *Myst-end
Dr. Ridley in the Chair. Cliog to the eicaidtitgly tan-
farcurable state of the weather as meeting- u bet thinly
attertlect. .
The Rev. T. Lloyd, the Seerefitt reed tile-benual
port. It stated that the distribution of the Scrgtturei,3le;
for the last year, had materially advanced in,.comparison
with the preceding one. The number of Eitlas this:Year
distribtited amounted to upwards of 50,000; New Teets-
menu and Psalters 69,000 ; Common Prayer Books,
183,000; and other Religious Books and Tracts, 94R,000
The number distributed by the Hertford District Core.;
mittee during the first year were, Bibles 103; Testaments
151; Common Prayer Books, *l3; Psalters, DS; other
hoOks and Tracts, 174; indepeddent of vast number
distributed by intlividuils who had Waived their books
frotri.the Parent Society.
The London Society had granted 1,9004 to the Bishol,
of Nova Untie for the benefit of the Univetijty ertablishpi
in his diocese, to train up a well-instruetpd provincial
Clergy, and. fll.tt the promotion of other religious °Nests.
In order t.aisseminatir the Scriptures as widely art pos'
sible in India, and to have the native children' educated
under the management of the Society, it has determined
to transfer its control over all its Indian Miasioneries so
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel', that
by the concentration et the exertions of both, thO
good achieves! might 1.):: infinitely greater. The report
enlarped upon the advantages to be derived frow a general
diffusion of education in India, a measure that met the de.,
cided approbation of the late Bishop Middleton, as well as
that of his amiable successor, the present Bishop Heber,
and dwelt with much pleasure upon the success of time
Society's exertions at Calcutta. A separate hind for this
particular object has been established, to which the SotietV
have contributed 5,000/.; and this has been increased b%
an anonymous donation of 1,000.., jfkl another of 2007.
The report concluded by exhorting the frientiss& the Go
pel to contribute all in their power to its propagation.
Some new annual subscribers were added to the list, snd
the meeting separated.
The following gentlemen were nominated Stewards for
the ensuing year :
The Rev. H. Pepys. I Rev. R. Rideilsle.
G. Nicholson, Esq. IV. "ranks; Egg.