The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-01-13 00:00:00

FAS II lON .4111, E INTELLIGENCE.

Mr. and Mrs. Fox arrived yesterday in Lower 011)11TerlOr-StrCtt,
from Brighton.
Viscount Ahhorp has left his father's (Earl Spencer) seat in
Northamptonshire, for Wierton Hall, Yorkshire.
lewd and Lady John Tnytme left town yesterday, for G. Byng,
Al.P.'s seat. IVrotham Perk.
Lord Loraine has arrived at his seat, Barking Hall, Suffolk,
from a tour.
Lord LiWord has arrived at his seat, Atherton Hall, Lancashire,
from Northamptonshire.
Captain Milner left town yesterday, for Brighton.
Lord and Lady Barnard have left town on a visit to the lion.
Vane Powlett, at his seat. Sonterby, Leicestershire.
Captain Peehel, R. N., arrived yesterday at Blake's !hod,
Jen:um-street. front Aldwick, Sussex. Beton D'Eltnar Las lett
ditto, for Brighton.
Departures from the Pulteney Hotel, A Ihemarl e-srreet 31r. and
3lrs. Turton and family, for their sent in lent; ate! Mrs,. Livesey,
tor ditto.
Arrivals at the Clarendon Hotel, Bond-street :—Lord %inure.
front Melton Mowlway, Leicestershire; Charles Berkeley, Esq.
and son, from their seat, near Norwich ; Sir Charles Rich, Bart.
f Berks. fount Kande left Om yesterday evening for Parks.
Departures from the London Hotel, Alhernarle.street : —The
Rev. J. Jennings, for Cambridgeshire ; Captain Fraser on a tour.

Yesterday afternoon, a few minute's before four o'clock,
his Majesty arrived in town, in his travelling carriage
and four, with out-ridets, Sic. from the !loyal Lodge,
Windsor.

% lrrnaua, JAN. 11.—His Majesty, although in the en-
joyment of good health, has not taken his regular exercise
for the last two days. Yesterday afternoon Count Mun-
ster arrived at the Royal Lodge, and had an audience of
his Majt sty, when his Majesty was pleased to invite his
Excellency to dinner, and to pass the night. This forenoon
his Excellency left the Royal Lodge for his residence in
town. The melancholy news of the death of Lord Mount
Charles, eldest son of the Marquis Conyngham, arrived at
the Royal Lodge on Saturday afternoon. On Sunday fore-
noon, the Marquis left the Royal Lodge to meet and condole
with the Marchioness and family, at his house iu Hamilton-
place.
We can state from authority, that the reports teak)*
have found their way into some of the Papers, of the late
Lord Mount Charles having been married, are totally un-
founded.—Ercaing Paper.
The movements in fashionable life, we have reason to
expect, will continence this year much sooner titan they
did the last; led off by the Marchioness Dowager of Salis-
bury and the Duke of Devonshire. The Marchioness of
LoOdonderry will open her new rooms in Palk-lane early
in March. _ _ .

Lord Palmerston left town on 'rumlnv, for his beautiful
seat in Hampshire, for the purpose of receiving the Duke
of York, and many of the leading Nobility and Gentry.
The sports of the field will occupy attention in the morn-
and sumptuous banquets in the evening. The series
of entertainments will last about ten days.
The Right Hon. Lord Le Despencer has been pleased to
appoint the Hen. and Rev. Miles John Stapleton, of Mag-
dalen College, Cambridge, one of his Lordship's domestic
chaplains.
'1 Right Honourable Lord Macdonald has been pleased
to appoint the Rev. Jeremiah Jackson, ALA. lite of St.
John's College, Cambridge, and vicar of Swatfham Hui-
beck, in the county of Cambridge, one of his Lordship's
domestic chaplains.
The friends of Lord Percival supped together at PowcTs
Hotel, in Penryn, on Monday last, in commemoration of
his Lordship's birth-day.
The Right lion. Lord Henniker gave a grand ball and
supper at Major House, his Lordship's seat, at Great
W Thornham, on the -I, ;Lich was attended by all the first
persons of fashion and rank in that part of the country.
Kiugsbriilge ball on Friday last was numerously
and fashionably attended : above one hundred persons were
present, among whom we noticed Mrs. For:eseuc and fa-
mily, Colonel and Mrs. Scale, Mr. and Mrs. Luscombe and
family, Mr. and Mrs. Etigell and family, Mrs. Eyre and
family, Mr. and Mrs. Freke, Misses Foote, Miss Prideaux,
Mr. G. Foote, Mr. T. Twysden, Mr. 11. Young, Mr.
Clark, Mr. TVell, Mr. Prideaux, &c. &c.
Colonel Berkeley, who a short time since severely frac-
tured his knee-cap while hunting, is recovering from the
effects of the accident, but is still confined to his apart-
ment.

‘Ve understand that the statement regarding Lord Eard
ley's property is in some degree incorrect, and the whole
landed estates (cxcepting•l3elvidete) are equally divided
between Lady Sav-and-Selo, Lady Culling Smith, and
Mrs. Childers, with a deduction from the whole amount-
ing to a sixth, more or less.—Muidatune Paper.
Mr. Macready has been so alarmingly iU, that on Mon-
day evening his life was despaired of; he is said, how-
ever, to ho out of danger. his attack wall bilious, and so
violent, that his physicians give no hope of his returning to
his profer,ional duties for six weeks. Ili, health has sus-
tained so great a shock, that the physicians have recom-
mended him to go down to Devonshire by very easy stages,
in order to renovate it. _

The arrangements between the managers of Covent-gar-
den theatre and Miss Foote are concluded to thtir mutual
satisfaction ; and on Tuesday evenitig Miss Foote will pt r-
form Letitia Hardy, in Mrs. Cowley's comedy cf The
Belle's Stralagem---Veraing Paper.
A new tragedy, called Orestes, has just been read in the
green-room of Curets-garden theatre, and report speaks
mos: favourably of its merits. Charles Kemble is the hero
of the play, and Mrs. Bartley the matronly heroine.
Ex-Orricios.—The following is the llar engaged to de-
fend the late and present proprietors of the Star news-
Paner,iii the ex-.; Fciucause now pending against them, at the
suit of the Hon. Mr. Plunkett:—J. S. Scott, J. 11. Noah,
Daniel O'Connell, J. Birclay Scriren, P. C. Crampton,
floiwtll ‘Valsh, Lewis Perrin, and Dominick Honayne,
Esqs.—)'here being two defendan ts, there will be, of course,
two cases to be stated by their Counsel. Mr. O'Connell
states the case of Mr. Ilaydn.—Deblio Star.
The cork Sautheros Belorter of Saturday says, " The
city was enlivened all this day by numerous parties' with
hands playing, drums heating, and colours flying, beating
up for recruits, in which, we believe, they were very suc-
cessful, though the number of idlers exceeded those who
felt the military mania." .

. -
The Carlow ifvrning Post pronounces the paragraph
which we copied from the Irish Times, respecting the
seizure of SOU pikes in Carlow, to bean " infamous false-
hood."
We ar.• authorised to state, that John Boyce and Samuel
Young, Eyqrs., of Bantry, had no connexion whatever
with the plot attempted to be got up in that town, I,y a call
for arms, &e. &c., but me the contrary, that .these gentle- j
men tried by every means in their power to put a stop to
the proceedings ; and it is due to Mr. Boyce further to
add, that, as soon as he received intimation that an armed
association was about to be formed, he addressed a letter to'
Mr. Gonlbunt upon the peaceable state of the country.—
Cork Paper.
At a meeting of the Catholic Association on Saturday, a
subscription of five pounds was announced from the Earl
of Shrewsbury, the Premier Earl of England.
There are various reports as to the intention of the Bank
of England, with regard to the forgeries of Fauntleroy.
On the one hand it is reported, but we do not know bow
correctly, that the Bank of England has abandoned all idea
of claiming to come in as creditors under the Comtnission
against Marsh and Co., and that there is a fair prospect of
the real crouton obtaining a dividend of 13a. in the pound.
On the other hand, it is said, that when the payment of the
dividends commenced on Saturday, and the ordinary appli-
cation was made by some of the parties whose stock was
surreptitiously abstracted by Fauntleroy, for the benefit of
Marsh and Cu., they were informed by the Clerks that
there was no stock in their names on the Bank books.—
Evening. Paper.
Yesterday at eleven o'clock, the Members of the Com-
mon Council for the ensuing year were sworn in at the
Council Chamber before the Lord Mayor, attended by the
Recorder and several Aldermen. . .

A prospectus of a design for forming a navigable canal
from the river Thames to Romford and its vicinity, in the
county of Essex, is now in the course of distribution, ac-
companied by a plan of the intended cut. Sixty thousand
pour.ds, it is calculated by Mr. Robert Vaxie, the surveyor,
is the sum required to carry the design into execution.
This sum is proposed to be rais:d in shares of SOL each.
An offer, we are informed, has been made by one gentk-
man to advance the capital, and take the whole concern
upon him:U.—Bury Goactk.

FRENCH PAPERS.

[Prom the Etude, dated Tuesday.]

PARIS, JAN'. 10.
Letters `:runt Italia say, that Cennt Demurred*, ie his late al.
ness, again wilicited permission to resign, which was refused in the
most boninirable terms. A new orgiiiiitatbm of the public depAr,.
menus is spoken of, ;or the purpose of lessening the burden of the
business which lies on that
The cholera malty' has appeared at l'arilal, in the Govern t
of Christiania. Your children have died on otic farm, all the in.
habitants of which have been ill. One readers may recollect that
this terrible malady appeared at Leith, in England. law. sumer.
On the 3.1 November the Porte sent orders to Jassy to read these
trosps which exceeded the aunibcr thAt is to remain in 31oldaria.
We know. beyond all doulit, that these order% have been eaecutn!„
M. 31 inziae:y deformed for some days the presertatisin of hit credo).
ties. Ile thought he cmg:it to wait till the Leis Effendi had an.
bounced the cc-en:Aaiun. This notifies...An haviug bete eI-y
the Porte on the 9.11, M. :1i: ziacky immediately atplied to t',,
Reis Effendi to know the I: and heat that lie wetild receive hit:.
The 11th was the day tiu-.1.

(From the -Vonitear of 31oni'ay...-0/fiei.f put
PARIS' J S.
To-day, before man, Lictenant.Gcne-al Pozzo di, llorgoiff.
j.
sented to the Kirg, in a private audir,ce. Ws new cretteinials, r.
firming Lieu Ia the post ef Arnhem...4.w Kefraortliaary and 1i
nester Plenipotentkuy from his 3lajesty the Emperor of all the
Russian.
The Duke of San Carlos presented his new creientiAs,
firming him in the post of Misstate, Plenipotentiiry from the Infi.c:
Duke of Lucca.

ROYAL ORDINANCE.
Ist. For raising 60,000 men from the 'lasso( 11124. aid, a table
stating the contingent to be furnished by each department.
ltd. Grants to the officers Or tits corps of Soiootorr Porn/4,-r, ee
the city of Park, certain advantageo, to ind • them for the
slowness of prornot.on which resales from the particular regulatiors
of that corps.

From the Journol des DAuts of Monday.]
From the Quarter-31aster-lieneral of flier° Cannon ibtsfre
Patrasi :—The fortress of Pat-es, blockaded both by land and sea,
is at length in a state of siews. Eight ships. detaeltd teen tit:
squadron of Admiral .tliaulis, intercept all intercourse from with.
out, with the commit of the English. wile have acknowledged the
right of blockade: declared by the lireek Government. liattcring
rams and mortars have been disembarked at the anchorage of St.
Andrero, and have been conveyed to the Scatorenni, where a bat-
tery has been prepared. The operations are superintended be
European engineers,. and the at tinily is reeraited by foreign 401.
diem. Ten thousand (;reek sold!, r., commanded by Andrtv
%minis and Constantine Butzaris, defend the besiegers.
Ott the 27th Nov. Constantine Ilotravis having been apprised that
Joussouf Path meditated setting out front I.epanto with t.OOO mer,
commandisi by Achnset Pacha, quints} Sichera to meet him. lit
tame up with him at Zero Campos, defeated hint, slew Achille
Parka, and prevented the Turks front interfering in the works of
the besiegers. We may therefore look upon the capture of
Paints as certain.

It is the intention of the (heck Gorerninent to attack next the
Castle of the Mores, situates' opposite to I.epantn. in order to make
head against the land tortes of the Sultan if he slicti*.d be desirous
of campaigning in 11t25.
From letters that have been Intercepted we learn. tl at Caron ant
Modem. being destitute of provisions and blockaded by Peg.% ill soca
be compelled to capitulate. Troops continue on their route towards
Athens, in cuskr to lay siege to Negropont.
Canis, T)tc.
M. Viola has just arrived from linznos Ayres, with despatches
from General (Moneta, for the Generals I'ezuela and lianiilde7.
These Generals had written together to the former, that he had
been appointed Viceroy of Peru, and in consequence of this infor.
illation he had endeavoured to possess himself of tl.e Viceroyalty of
General laasema. M. Viols set cut immediately for Madrid. Ills
presence in that capital will throw great liltht on the motives fee the
divisions which still exist between the Chiefs in the Royalist Army
of Peru.

(From the Corrrier Frae.•ris of 3londay.)
MISSOLONGfif, Nor. IC.
Aecotding r 3 the last accounts front Salons Phocis, Dtreisch
Pacha, after his defeat at Orayia, established his head-quarters at
2,:telb men belonging to his army entered Zeituni, to
winter there, and watch the moventents of the Greeks at Negropen•.
It was on the Gth of this month (O. S.) that the Albania
camp established at Carranni for the last three months, was sod.
denly raised at day-break. Omer Vtione, the Pacha of Janine,
who commanded it. foolishly thought that he mad intact,: Ante.
name for the third time ; measures taken in time by the Director
Go:tend of IVcs•ern thitece, defcand the hod en of this ambitious
Satrap. The Albanians passed through Maerinuos. un thoir return
home.

Drc. 31.
There had been for some time nothing said as to the rumour of
the levy of 40,4100 men fur America. The report. however, was
revived to.day. and we are afraid that an order relative to this
measure has already been prepared.
Illessengers trom Generals Laserna and Meseta arrived lately in
this capi:al. in order to exculpate their chiefs trout their mutual
charges. Fiona the ate:anent of the emissaries of Olanet4 it
appears., that the checks experienced in Peru were owing to
I.aaerna, who never would eo.operate with Olancts. The friends et
the lricetoy maintain, on the other hand, that this General was
justified in what he did. because he was aware that Olaneta in.
tended to league himself with the reticle. llosrvir the case may
he the l'ouncil of State almithl act in such a manner :a nut to
deprive Spain of the few supporters it has left in Peru.

PAN IS. JAY. 9.
The 3fentorial nordel,,;s states, on the authority of a private
letter front Lisbon, dated December 22. that the English t'abinet
has demanded front the Poi inguese Government an expLnation as
to the conduct it would pursue, if, from circumstances. England
should be con pellet' to break with the three Great Powers of
Europa, composing the .111iance. The ifevrurial lierdefuis
adds, that as Portugal is now under the influence of tfe
Cabinet or St. James's, its answer would of courseibe conform.
able to the slew. of that Government for the rest. Expecting thst
the decision of the Portuguese Cabinet was kr.own, the .31e-Ino,idt
Bonklais announces, that the English vessels, the Ilardvere. of
lAverpool, the Venus of I.cndon, and the Agnes of Glasgow. has
ing their cargoes on board, entered the pan tOr a few days. The
Standard ut London. and two uthrr ships belonging to the Englcti
fleet, sunk in the 'l'sgus a considerable quantity of provisions and
other things, such as coals, &c.

SPANISH P.IPERS.

:If 'Dal D. Il_rc.4o.

The Gezdfe of this date contains an official article the eltecc
that on the representation of 1). Pedro 31oreno Alt ezara, Master ot
the English frigate. Lord Lyndtuk, aoliciting payment low the
passage of sortie Spanish officers, who have entignved from .South
America, the King has decided, by the advice of the Supreme
Council of IVar, that all persons belonging to the army or navy,
and the widows or others mentioned in the Royal Order of the
26th of May, 1813, and the captains and masters of merchantmen
to whom the Royal Treasury owes the passage item America to
the Peninsula, or front the ports of the parts of America in a vats
of insurrection, to other ports of the same countries 'filial ober
the Spanish Government of his Majesty, shall be paid the amount
out of the Treasury, though they performed their re/rages claneg
the existence of the Constitution now abolished. All persona, sho
shall henceforth resent themselves as emigrants, shall prove, by
documents, that they were compelled to leave the ports they eect.•
pied; otherwise the soldier shall stiller the penalty to witch het,
liable by the law, and the captain of the vessel shall not be Ir..
eiensollied for the presage of the person whom he has impreperit
brought with hint.
The Commander of the French squadron at Cadiz has informed
the Government of that city. by a letter of the 13:4 December.
that his Majesty's frigate, the Amason, under his command.
having received orders to go to Mahon, to convoy set eral Spatial
ships, which had pe:fottnecl quarantine thate, eight of those ships
had sailed fitim that port, of which one went to Alitamt, one with
recruits to t:aztliagens, two front the Havanna', to :Rettig*. and
four to Cadiz. The value of the convoy exceeds three millions.
Their Majesties and the Roysl Family, with their illustrious
guests, Prince Maximilian and Princess Amelia rif Saxony, went
on the 27th to visit the Royal 31use ttttt of Natural Moor, in the
street Alcala, where they were reel ived by Lion Francis Lea
Chief Secretary of State, who is at the head of the royal
establishment. The professors of Mineralogy and Zoology drew
the attention of the august visitors to the most remarkable among
the ienumerable curiosities in the Museum ; they particularly ad.
mired a specimen of gold and another of plating, much larger than
any other in Ettrop‘; a east collection of elquisite marbles frcri
the several provinces I f Spain ; and, above all, the mummy*
the only known specimen in the world.
skeleton of the 3legaterion,
_Madrid Gazelles to Ike. 11.

The celebrated aeronaut, Mademoiselle Garnetin, niatle
an ascent, on the Moth of December, at Home, in a balloon,
, and a descent in a parachute. A great multitude' wu as-
' setubled on Monte Pinch), where the preparations were
made. This exhibition deeply interested the Romans.
The Prince awl Princess of Lucca, and the Foreign Am-
bassadors, were among the spectators. When she had been
a quarter of an hour, in the air, Nlatlemoirelk Garnerin cat
the rope of the parachute, and descended safely in an en-
closure of the Villa Borghese.
'fife model of the Statue of General Pichegru represents
this warrior erect, in military costume, with a mantle neg-
ligently thrown over his shoulders, in such a manner as to
leave uncovered the upper part of the bust and left anti.
On that aide his baud presses a lily to his heart. The right
arm hangs down, and in the tight hand there is a palm.
A lion and a dog are at the feet of the Statue to the right
and left, as emblems of valour and fidelity. It is known
that this Statue is to be executed in bronze by means of a
subscription raised in the country which gave birth to
General Pichegru.—The Vale.
The Corporaiion of Wisbeeh have appointed Ricln.ul
C ter. Esq. Collector of his Midestv's Customs at that Pon.
:o be Receiver of titer Port and Harbour Dues.

7IR COMBINATION LAWS.
'r • IT
ILL Lll OR OF TILE BRITISH PRESS.
g_ltNikqil. be fresh in the recollection of the public,
shat r- taring gratulations Jr. Mime was hailed,
hiona. t e last Session of Parliament, obtained the
of the Combination Laws. His success was eon-
, ea a triumph of liberal principles over arbitrary laws;
accardiregly votes of thanks, and " health. five fathom
came pouring in upon the Honourable Member.
wincisl newspapers re-echoed these praises, and we
deafened with acclamations in honour of the victory
. in favour of the operative mechanics, and "of
hberties of the lung-oppressed industrious classes of
at Britain."
'e live in an age of experimental legislation. Session
s:.ssion the tattle of the flonse of Commons has
a!h bunt under the load of bills for imprzvement, and
fur reptlation. An index of them would fill a Quarto
coe, Some have passed into a law in one Session,.
complained of during the prorogation, been amended
thr eat meeting of Parliament ; and after all, from an
:Hence of their inefficacy, base either bean entirely re-
Its!, or so metamorphosed as not to retail) a single fess
• og their primitive construction.
f ever this restless spirit of legislation manifested itself
the injury of the public, its consequenes have been in
case more extensively pernicious than in those laws to
,ieh lain about to call your attention.
I do not mean to deny that the statutes relative to the
abinations of workmen for an increase of wages were
some points imperfect ; but I deny, roundly and fear-
- lv, that they were either impolitic in principle, or un-
sarily in operation. lint let lime tirst speak of
• Naties whieh were resorted to, to effect their repeal.
The Combination Laws, as every oar knows, enacted,
tain penalties against workmen who might combine to
cc their employers to increase the rates of wages: all
ietisrs and fraternities, whether governed by written rules
otherwise, having this object in view, were held to be
ie•ntl, and the office-bearers and members were liable
be indicted for breaches of the peace. Various
successful attempts were made to repeal these laws, on
e ground that they were unequal in their operation, iu
far, that while they restrained workmen from combining
an increase, they did not, nor could not, prevent
asters from combining. for a derrotse. These attemots
ere resisted by the Ministry of the day on this principl,
it no combinations, either on the part of workmen or
tit enyioyers, can have the effect of raising or depress-
g Ragan to any material extent ; and that consequently
e penalties enacted are so far politic and salutary, that
cy prevent breaches of the peace, and guard mechanics
in engaging in secret confederacies, the consequences of
gulch can only prove hurtful to themselves.
The Ministry were firm, and these arguments, for a
ne, prevailed. At length the contest was renewed.
:here was the wonted routine of speeches—motions—
ommittees of inquiry—weaver-witnesses, unaworn, giving
rstimony on speculative opinions—and volumes of facts,
oulerul, contradictory, and incredible, all solemnly de-
ailed before Mr. Hume and the Committee. This eri-
ince, as it was called, collected at great expense, and
ninttsl at still greater, was circulated far and wide, and
ed as a cover for another sot lie upon the House of Corn-
lons. But the time and mode of attack were changed ;
'le end of the Sassion was the time chosen ; and instead
f the former plea, that the laws were oppressive, as being
vourable to masters and injurious to workmen, the liens;
arguments whice Ministers themselves had been wows'
us., were turned against them, and in favour of the
peal. " You say," said the repeaters, " that combina-
on cannot materially affect the rates of wages—that
'nee: are entirely regulated by the state of the markets—
tat masters will not be led beyond their interests—that
rising prices his their interest to increase the number of
heir werkmen, and that this cannot be done without also
creasing the rates of wages. You further urge, that in
ailing prices workmen cannot possibly prevent the retitle-
ion of wages but by refraining front working, and thereby
iminithing the quantity of manufactures in the markets ;
a 4tictr vase, if wages rise, the rise can only he at their
wri',Nalt. We concur with you," said,.the repeaters,
.881464urbecause we agree with you that the laws are in-
•'• ghat we seek their repeal altogether, and freedom
all parties to act for their own benefit as they may think

tell, and so they did. The back benches were thin ;
r. liuskisson and Mr. Canning smiled assent. Mr.
'allace, seeing how the tide ran, spoke favourably of the
tenure. Mr. Robinson being confined by indisposition.
raped the pain of giving a vote on the question; and
lr. Peel, laughing in his sleeve at what he knew would
the consequences, allowed the Bill to pass, and the
lon. Member for Montrose to reap new laurels in the
rrvice of his country. Heaven forbid that ever it should
e in our power to pluck a leaf from them !
Now, what were the consequences? Let Mr. flume go
'own to Lancashire; but, above all, let them go down to
he west of Scotland—let them contemplate the moral con-'
• 'on that has spread, and then ask if the condition of
he rer operatives has changed for the better? It is
tistreiog at any time to be obliged to impeach the con-
uet of the lower classes of society, and doubly distress-
ng to tin so when the blame of that conduct is more
•ireetly chargeable against those who them themselves,
,ir ex,rtlence, the advocates of the poor. But it cannot
w concealed that the outrages mid wretchedness which
lace followed the repeal of the Combination Laws, demon-
•trate most clearly that the operatives of Lancashire
ant! the West of Scotland arc incapable of comprehending
their true interests. We are told of their good sense and
totelligettec—we listen to details of their industry, of the
institutions they patronize, the lectures they attend, of
their tendency to moral snit mechanical improvement, and
their taste for it : these are the misrepresentations of in-
terested tun, who live upon them. What do these sober,
intelligent, inventive classes do? No sooner had Mr.
Mr. Hume's " liberal principles" triumphed, than the loom
is instantly deserted—the spinning-jenuy rusts on her
wheels—the anvil cools—the bucket hangs motionless in the
:coal-pit—sod the miners walk forth, brimfull of inde-
pendence and discontent ;—all strike for an advance of
"sages and a redress of grievances. Gel knows, there
'could be little harm in all this, if the costs of the strikes
were borne by the strikers—if the rights of third parties
were not injured—if our shoos and barn-doors were not
:aolested—if the poor's-rateswere tiot increased—if the
public peace were not endangered—and if the persons of
Amnions females and well-disposed workmen were not
etaltrested. lint so far from this being the result, the
eiders of these intelligent operative classes, who doubtless
tre, the most intelligent, no sooner strike them-
elves than they compel others to follow their example—
us, certainly, by virtue of an Act of Parliament—but by
to authority equally controlling; since it is notorious that
shover ventures to disobey their wishes, do so at the risk
'f their lives. It is thus they celebrate their " deliver-
nee from thraldom," as Mr. Hume calls it—this is the
esult of the repeal Bill--this their notion of the " freedom
'f trade !"
'n'e Pounds, as I have before stated, upon which the
flood of these laws was urgeil were, that every man had a
right to procure as high a price for his labour as he could
ibtain ; and that combination could neither raise nor de-
mos the rate of wages above or below the market standard.
It!`)titli it was avowedly- in accordance with this reasoning,
It' Jeistice of which every one must admit, that the Bill
41 oertnittol to pass through Parliament ; and although
'lie workmen were apprised of the fact, and warned to
m'ware of eombination, as leading to no good result, yet in
he teeth of advice, and in spite of entreaty, and in 'corn
3^ the obv:ous inefficacy and abortiveness of any attempt
! enforce higher wages than the muter, could nffurd to
:1"---Yet. I say, reckless of all this, they were no sooner
.
•r"ll front the restraints of the law, than they set about
societies, passing resolutions, despatching dek-
:etes even to Ireland. and, if not openly and directly, at
'nut !n a secret and an underhand manner, holding out
l'regs to, and actually inflicting punishment upon, aU who
fired to work for ;Amu or at what rate of wages they

Rut we are told by their apologists, who, by the way,
Arc not a little implicated in their errors, that their notions
the Privileges which the repeal gave them, were no
im-
't that they only acted i:ispripientiv from the spur of
ne moment—an error which, it was altered, time would

cure. But this is but a sorry apology,'lnd. an unfounded
one at the best. They were not so ignorant of the law.
Their knowledge was not so crude. Few, if any,
of the mechanics bad forgot, for almost all of them
had suffered by, a similar cessation of work in ltll2 and
Neither a shuttle nor a jenny was in action for the
space of six Wet ks at that period, among the same weaving
and spinning population. The same societies were formed,
the same ancliwo. of vitriol resorted to, and the same pri-
vations prevailed. So consistent were they in their ma-
lignity, that they Iwgeted from house to house, and even
from their usual employers, and dealt out a weekly pittance
to each other, to keep their families from starving, and 4il
this they submitted to rather than work at the prices uttered
them. Hunger, however, at length brought them to their
senses, and the respite of labour far so long a period
having raised the value cf goods. they consequently were
enabled to earn higher wages when th-y resumed work.
But the advance came out of their owe pockets. It was
only the returns of the six weeks' losses, which came back
in the s'iape of a rise of wages. It was an improvement in
• tlp rates of wages undoubtedly; but when a man has been
idle for six weeks and receives no wages, it is a thing of
course that the manufacture which he should have been
producing in that dine becoming Karver by his idleness, a
trifling advance must take place in its vain., and in his
wages likewise.
A moment's reflection must convince the dullest capacity
that this fictitious rise—that this bounty out of his owu
pocket, is all that the operative can gain by a strike of
• work. The same observation is applicable to the masters.
Combination cannot in the smallest tierce benefit them ;
for should they be indoe..,l to combine to lower wages in a
season of falling prices, the same all-ruling motive, in-
terest, would force them, in spite of themselves, to en-
hance wages in a time of advancing prices. Every day's
obsereasiou for the last twenty years might have couvinc,d
the op. re ti .es of this truth.
London, Jail. W.
(We are compelled, by the want of space, to postpone the conclu-
sion °four Correspondent's letter till to-morrow. have already
been unavoidably obliged, as he will perceive, to curtail it. by
some slight omissions, not essential to the main purpose of his
argutnent.--En.]

Rill: ROADS r. Ci.VALS.

TO TILE EDITOR OF 7-I'llE BRITISH PRESS.

Isle of Dogs, Jan. 10, 1825.
Sta,—r see no rearnn stated in your Correspondent's Letter this
day. to induce me to change the opinions 1 expressed in your raper
on the Sih inst.

When the Ship Canal was first projected, I was alive to all its
benefits, yielding 1 per cent., but the projection of the Bristol and
London Rail Road will be preferable, and the buff.• of the goods
will pass that way, and consequently defeat the main objects of the
Canal, which cannot reasonably be expected to pay the subscribers
one quarter so much as it would do without the Rail Road front
Bristol to London.

Irish pr.tvisions will pass to London, ria Bristol, rather than pay
and pass the Canal, because the vessels would be liable to be des
tained in the Downs while the articles perished. sr till the markets
sere lost. I have known Irish Butter detained in the Bristol
Channel and the Downs for three month:, which, on arriv..l in
London, did not f.ticli half the market price i: would have done
when ship tat, for the article was perished.
All goods for London will certainly pass by the Bail Road. 120
miles, rather than he exposed to the Canal Dues, and be liable
afterwards to the dangers of a voyage of WO miles to London. The
insurance saved, as well as the certainty of goods reaching their
markets, will avoid many calamities of bankruptcies, which are
objects of consideration beyond all others, and not of trifling im-
portance. The Bristol Rail Road, in fourteen days, hears a pre-
, mom of 4f. per share, but I hear there is not much above half the
estimates subscribed fur the Ship Canal, after six months lost
in making attempts; this is a decisive proof of popular opinion.
A Ship Canal, direct from London to Bristol. would be the best
measure, in my humble opinion; and a Ship Canal would answer
front Bridgewater to Exeter, far better than to Beer, for these
reasons, and for those already assigned : but Rail-ruads are likely
to answer purpose at much less expense.
In short, it appears quite clear that all hands will be hene.
lited by the Rail Roads except coasters; but even these will be
' savAl front jeopattly and shipwreck, and need not be under
mush apprehension ; while our imports and exports continue to
increase, they will certainly find ample employment.
The consumption of coals, iron, and bricks, on the south coast,
will certainly yield 5 per cent. to a Ship Canal; but that is not
equivalent to the risk of capital, particularly ns the artificial
harbours will always be exposed to comMual charges, and natural
harbours, without risk, at Bridgewater and Topsham, aftbril a
much better channel both for Canals and Rail Roads.
l'our's, due., A B