The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1805-02-13 00:00:00

RICH S FATE OF THE WHEEL.

1 of.. .L 2NOOO 3 Prises 0f.... L.lO 000
ditto ..10,900 `9 ditto 3,000

Ace. kc Ate.
ROM the UNCOMMON DEMAND for
.11: TICKETS and SHAKES &nog the Last Week, an 4
ti,e ft, remaining %manta, makes it molt probable not a
'ltcket will be left after this Week ; the Pubic are therefute
tenanted in tit Cirty in their apvitcatinn at
POPra TRULY FOR EIIMATE LOTTERY corm:F.,

Comer of the itoi.l! Exchange, o posite the where
Tickets and Sliares (wArunte.l norirawn) will eontinwl on •ile
wham there are any lat. Saturday will be the next Draw-
ing Day.

RICHAI7R.D4S.,O„,N,
t,1,C0
~.I,.o4lDicL,hl..itC, and
thtsiliTHCDoA. ;co;
fpscfu
DRAiviNG the STATE will be sATUK DAY
MXT. Mkt. IS and wvranterl tiorbraltn,
soutinue on S.le at their wed State Lottery Offices. no.PO
+tie the Gate of the King's Mews, (liming Cross, aid the
I. imer of the Bank Iteildings,

SCOTT consiJirs it his duty to state to
T• those whe have honoured hint with their Commands,
there are but ( Tick^ts in the PRESENT ST.% TE
,A.SITERT tee : front the in:equalled iichneas of the
AA the great demand fur Tick is and Shares. without an
emit application at his (A 4 Fatalkshed Office. No. 79, New
Euai,ttwet, lie fears many wi I he di, 0.41,11(4
The Wl.eei contain, oac Prize of 2.‘,0001. Two or g3,0(01.
Three of 10,0001. Timms of 5,0.:01. of 1,0001. besides
aunierowsSu.,l. 1040. &e. c C.
N. H. Saturday will ►e the Sixth Day of Drawing.

J
PORTER, with every sense of gratitudie to the
• liob.l.ty anaGeohy, who have hoinnired him with their
horviviol-, begs to submit the following remarks to theirs
Tnat the {gement STATE Li YITEILY co.stainv more GRANI)
TRILLS than viers ever konwn berms ; and as them a.e
t•ot very few Tiekel4 notio'4, aorl the 4.,nialitl i. en •quallerl
kith in Town sod Countrv, he ...moral, res•ommeivt• (to me-
ve,,rdimopeintoient) an miinevlia.e purchara at his till etu.
b.,•hevl Loiters 04fiee. in Pa l.am,nbOrrel, where all Pril"•
201 roilr,oool aro ptid on demand.
Ai B The Sui:ti Day's !)raring *ill be Go Saturlay alit.

V ; 11l A LLING. OP Fief; J. 30, 1 )30.
r 1-1 E COMMISSIONERS fur Vara/hag liis
Afajcsty's Noel, do herein, girt Notice, not ow Tit Es.
DA)', the Qd of April it it, they will he eady to teeeine residers
io with% (sealed up), toe earls 2uurtiiees of the pflowilig
Desenplsoo at Btaces,

Crown hautem
Brandy,
Hogshead,
Brack 11,71.,1r, ) Staves.
II
Mix
Sr tt.n, s
Quebec

ea the reeve. stre Persons why may make Proposals, theraof, w7U enie•
isortto deliver iotothe Pietoolitog Storm at Deft:lonised l'symoollt.
rosiseSs Proportions at ohnli hereafter bt determined 'Aron; oar
kalf.by the 314 of oMobrr Inert, and the lie ampler by the 31'c
e Demmer, foil• tor, ; and to be 'mil for by lid's, pood,,e
with interest, Newt,' Date *CT dote
. _

The elwiiiwpd the Contact trivg de seen at etc Secretary's
01".
N. B. Nn neater fora lets Y.'atantity that FA,' Thooland Crown
Drtitoie Pit, Ten Thouiviod agora Mimic Wanda., T woo,
Thoasossol Ceara Duit:ic Iio.;elle id, or 7'6"meg-Jilt Thousand
Berk thuds" ilambri, Stettin, cr :Nebel- Pipe Stisort, will be
111.
tteeaeJ ~0 be had to any Teadrr us ■eh;rh the Price shill
not be iniertert rs Wardi at len:th, or that .snit mat he delivered to
the Board liefdre Oae o'Clork we the Mill Tuesday the 2d gf .4pral
"et, n.n codas the Pol.ll, who makes the Tender, or some Person
OR hilt Behalf, stteady to Newer When Caned

SHIPWRECK OF THE •BILRCIAVF.NNY.
That Dar is v 11, uriro Is. M.
j‘i.lsl AUTHENTIC NARRATIVE of the
LOSS tar the EVIL of ARERGAVENNY EAST
INAAMAN, P lift'fi.ANi.), on :.re Night of the sth of
Februiry, ISL'a • eon?. twig sever.l Intineetirry Particular.
not before truYiehod. To whirl, IA added, • Return of the
Fomenter., Offreers, Slity's Co n:raiie, Troops, kc.; whir the
age, i.o.cnotion and birth-Tr:Av.., of every Officer and Seaman.
fhe rrtiu:v o.r.full arro- eeel, to she,e at one view the fate of
'tact) intl....toe. Corrected at the East India House.
Funte.t for jeihn Stoelitale, riccadiey; and Blacks and
Emu,

EAST-INDIA HOUSE, Feb. 1805.
r HE couierof DIRECTORS of the UNiTECV
11. COMP.‘NY MERCII ANTS of ENGLAND
TRADING to the Elva INDIES do hereby este Neetee„
That the Tramp Books If the said Compote's &nett rill be
,hut a. Tue.d.gq, the :nh of 31.,nh nest, et Tros tel.:teat, ant
opened again on Thu.-J.145u, the 11 th of April falloteiajp.

Tit iriarte-ty Garret Can't .f the SRA Cowpony will k
held at their Haw to Leadetihett-eireet, on WEDNESDAY the
27th of March nett, at Yhtenn'tstech tw.M Fure.wooe.
That. General Court ty'eAc said Curapari;"lcii/ be Lett at their
Anse in Leadenholl-street, no WEDNESDAY tic UV. of April

nt AI, PIM NiflC o'Cloek iN the V. ming unlit Sis la. tin. retain:,
jar Ike Eleiitta eJ six ittrotars uJ tke saki Company fur F.lwr
i*ears.

And, thnt the Lists itt the' Weathers tf the said enapaley tr;t: be
rend!) to bc delivered at this 1f.,. e on TUESDAY 0,260 i
Wirrh WILLIAM R AMSAY,&r.

VOCAL CONCERT, NEW ROOMS, MAW/YR:t-
ea/DARR.
EISRS. HARRISON, BA RTLEMAN; and
GstEA'roniX, mtAt re.pettfully acquaint the No-.
bility and Gentry, thirt. the Ticket: a, now delivering to the
Subscriber; gerter..ily, at Mr RIRCKAI.I..., No. 139, New
Bond-Areet, where the Sntrictivtion wiil Coliturue oral till the
;imited• number be completed. The Managers
beg leave to in!oran tucli of the Subscriber. of last y; sr u have
not already lino/noel them with their times for the prevent
seawv.i, that the Sretteription is rapidly fitting, and will pro.
balsty close'befr;re the commencement et the Coin...rte. A lot
of the principal. Performer: vocal and instrursemal, hae. bean
already publalted, awl is Ltrihut•zd with the TwlcPt, at Mr.
Muir Shop. SCIIEME of the FIRST CON-
CERT, FRIDAY NEXT, Feb. 15.
Art I.—C..ronation Anthem Zadock the Prim, Handel
F-r eight voices, "To love I wake the silver string "
We'ilte--;Frot ScApe trona King Arthur (the ...ohs pansby
Miss Telnitot and 'Mr. Rirtlemanl, Purce'il.—New Glee for
Six voice+, "Mark'd you her eye of heavenly blue?" Spritforth.
....-Concermle two French (tort's, NINArs. Petrel- e. Petrifies.
—Sung, Mast Park,. " Sweet bad," aecompanied on the
he Mr. F. Cramer Dan.kl.—Niew Duet, Messo. gigriiion and
Ilartienan, " me where it Fancy bred ?" (with aeodnlrs.
nimerit: by afr Gre.atorytt).SirJ. Steyemon, Mtn. D —Sceita,
Madame Eta 'chi, " R".l silenzio: with Aeconaiwnime
Obligati for two French, horns Bianchi —.Filer, five V, -;.`4.
and Chorus, with Acentupaniusenh, " The Loo!..tier '

Act n.--Grand Symphrmv Ihyrll.—Tclatto, Min Parke,
Mr. Hrriwnit and Mr. It artleinait, " mia I hirthels. "
Minart —Sew S mg, Mr. Harrison, " Tne Sol.lier's Dream
Almond —New Wee, her voices, " harinuni.ed lat
Mr Greatorri,wConcerto itali., by Mr. Lev Leatkr
of His Maje‘ty's Filanovestan Kind (with perm'-dent, being
hi: hot pub pArtormince in Mi. king lons —.Soot, Mr. hi r-
tte-mart. " Angel of 1)r Call.aot—ratoxiite titre, "The
Fake -it Flowers."Danby.—Acena ( MS), Mew Parke. Goalie' tui
—.Finale, Naval o,lc. three voic..v, and Foil Chortv. Dr. Arne.
Th.. dams will open at verzit., and the •per forma i.e coin
.nenceeva"lr at ellit o'clock -th Subicrthers :.re mg i,tad
ti give p irt (Altar ord.ers to their cox 'men to set rl vm a tta 6
Up at the door in the SquAre, with thz hortes lie s t vard
evevaree-a-eet. The door in Hanover-greet is for rain on v.
Mr. 'Townsend wit be at the hind of the Peace (MT*, n, an
atteal to the ACCUIUJIWIALOII of the Co.nearry 'rout avid ti•

;heir carriage?:
gIHE HIC. . meet
1 the first lime tmt Sea/D• at the CR:AVN awl ARP
Clioß TAVERN, in the Strand, wi THINSDAY next,
ti.e 14th liinant, when the Attendance of ail tee Members
in Town is requested.
RIR/MINT rot ISO:.,
Grace the Dukz ni liAmi,:rom Aoki BRANDON. .
•ICI recs. DIN TS.
The Right lion. Lard ANCHILIALD H %MILTON,
The Rig.it Hon. C. Y. GREVILLE,
Sir JOlO4 MACPHERSON, Bart.

J. E GRANT, Esq. of Rut! Auwiehus.
Me:abets of the Hlthlaud Society eschwitelir
will phase deliver in their Nantes 1.101 No
Vi.itnr admitted, uolrs introdocint by a Men,ber —Dinner on
he Tanle at Half past Five o'Clocit

SHAKSPEARE GALLERY, PAI.I.•%IALI.
Febinary 11, 11V5.
THE NOBILITY, GENTRY, and others, are
met respeftfolly informed, that the capital Bui
called the SHAKSPEARE. GALLERY, together with its
Co:dans; comprising the 'tint.: of that noble and valuable
Colle&ion of PK:TURKS, illustrative of the Works of our
Immortal Hart, will be sold by AUCTION, by Mr. STEW ART,
on the 20th Day of MAY next, and following Days, if tot
previously disiii.ed of by Private Contract. Descriptive Cate
loge-s, and Particulars of the Building, are now preparing;
and due Notice will be...glien of re opeion% the
looms, being the last ormartunity the Public can ev r perAibly
have of viewing this truly National Asseeiblage, uhirl! con-
tains the choicest prOduSions of our most Cr•lvbr.i* d . rtegte.
Ste. and which refiecia the high•st honour un the spirit, tast..,
and liberality of its original Pesn...iors, the Mess. BUY-
DELLS.
Any Applications to treat by Private Contrift will be re
ceired by Mr. Stewart, at his Auaion Rooms, 194, Piccadilly
opposite Albany Douse.

BROWN AND COWAN.
THE PARTNERSHIP between BROWN and
C.)W.\N being dtseulsed by manta cons.,nt, J.
BROWN (fort Hohy s) returns thanks to his Friends and
the Public in general for favours already conferred, and brigs
leave to info in them, that he has OPENED a SHOP at Nu
Fleet.vreet. nest dam to the Globe Tavern, with o large
Assortment of Fashionable BOOTS 3114 SHOES, the cheap.
est In London, warranted of the best Materials and Workman.
ship, equal to bespoke, where Gentlemen may be fitted as well
at when measured, without the trouble of waiting, at the fol-
lowing redmed prices —Military folding Top Boots, 21
Ditto plain ditto, 11. 160.-411 ark .t.ap Jockey, 11. Iss
Leao:e• Hessian, 11. 1 Ski. Hessian, 11. Us.
—Back Stn.,' Shnet, 11. 121 Cordovite, 11. s,—.S:iati-
ish Leather Drags Shoes, Ids. Dress ditto,
Strong WAlking ditto, 10s....Midshing ditto, 9s. lid —.Stroll,
Drill and Shooting Shoes to 135.

LOSS OF TILE ARERGAVENNY EAST-INDIANIAN.
' 'III Public are respeitfully acqu.tinted. that
nn sa-Anday Morning will be publ.shaal. A CORRECT
NARRATIVE ce the CitTuni.tanees a tending the Lqs. of the
Hunourable East India Conti any's Slop EARL of AMA-
GAVENNY, Captain John Word.aeirth
by A GENTLEMAN in the East.lndia Donne,
Under the Authority of Official Llocurnenta' aided be versonal
Communication.; ftnlll VIIIOIIII respeetabie V0Y,41
..•.. . . . .

4. Lord, Lard,methought what pain it wai to ilraiwn '

What dreadful noise of waters in my ram!
" What sights of ugly Death within my eves!
I thought I saw a thousand fearful wrocks!"
Clarence 's Dream —.Richard 111.
Printed at the filinerva Press, Exadenhalkareet ; and •otd by
A elterne, Symonds, PAl,lllolllef-TOW; Chapple,
; and all other Booksellers.
A CAUTION—The Pubic are earnestly tsquened to sus-
pend their judgment reipecting the melancholy fate of the
Earl of Abergavennv till Saturday next, when an authenticated
State of Fact., published at the Minerva Press, and drawn up
by a Gentleman in the India House, will be subruitted to their
candid perusal.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

lIIIUSE OF COMMONS—Toccoa', rte. 12.
The Coal Merchants Indemnity, and the Greenland Fishery
Dials, were read a sefand tiose, and cuinm.tted fin tu-tn.:
Mr GREY moved that there Ise.la.d refer the Mu. • an
sr.:Aunt of all the balances remaining in the hands of J ones
N•46*, Fag d late Collecuor of Taw in Se dl.nd
•
also several other areniints of the Twtster of hI3II,PIS ant
oth,r Lands sir the Gal a the Crown, 4k:. ere. wtich awns
agreed to.
THE. BRITISH MUSEUM.
Mr. BANILES observed. that as SUMS of money
were now sometimes voted by Parliament fur the
use of the British Museum, he hoped, in any meit-
snre of the same nature, which may ee proposed I,y
hint. precautions would he taken, that thee: Janice c
should have better opportunities of having it .r,
sible, than it had hitherto been. Much expeetatien
had been etched by a number of rare and valuable
article; deposited there ; but the money was, by
some means, locked up, or so disposed of otherwise,
that the public had received hitherto very Lett grate
tificetion from them.
Mr. ROSE eeplied, thee by the present regulate
Lions, any person leeving his name there .one .!
may be sure of gaining admittance on the ie si
Mr. FULLER observed, that great pre: a -eons
were necessary in such institutiens, a. ;t eel iiently
happened that very valuable prints or manuscripts.
received injury from the admis.ion of improper
persons.
Mr. W. SMITH said. the danger of injury did
not appear to hint so great as might be apptierend-
ed, even to the most raluable of the etninsities.
Gems. and things Gf hard substar.cc, could nut lie
easily injured ; as to paintings, or other things snore
tender. as rerishahie matter., he could nos ...~e that
sufficient precautions mieeit not eitshe for
there was scarcely any instance ef such injuries
happening in foreign countries, where the Museums
were open to all those who went to sec them.
Mr. FULLER replied, that what t. e Hon.
Gent. said, might very well happen in foreign .1
countries, where a man, who should do any injury to
e prior, might be liable to imprisonment ter the re-.
enaineer et his life.
A Melees was :}". mid?, and agreed to, that
there he tail before the I limse a Crew 'of tie Regu•
latiiets made for the admissicn of strangers for the
last five months.
Dr. RAT then presented, at the Bar, an Account
of the expenditure of the British Muse en, since
the last greet of public Tierney by Perlierneut.
Ordered to lie on the: Fable.
The Loyalty Lean Bill was read a second time,
after a trifling explanation between Mr. Chaplin
and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and or hound
to be committed to-morrow.
THE SP \NISH WAR.
• Mr. JOHNS rON E meted the or ler of the day,
for taking into coosileretion His Majesty's Declara-
tion, and the Papers snnmitted relating' to tate
negociatien with Bruin t which being read ;
Mr. WINDY/1 ss, Mr. inIiNSTOS L. and MT,ltangt,
rose-together, but the last having the priority. on
account of being the first who caught the Speaker's
eye;
Mr. RAINS receeded. He said, his rearm for
presenting himself thus early was to obtlin the in-
dulgeva re a patient hearing, as at • her hoar,
when t: e Howe might find itself ethsested, and
would caly listen to titoie whose opinions they
might be desirous of hearing ; he knew himself to .
have none of those qualities which could be 'Likely
to engage their attentien. Several gentler...en ap•
pear to Lim willing to rest the merits of rats ques-
tion principally upon one simple topic ; but, in his
opinion, it would beteir have resolved itself into two;
let. Whether the connection which Seein may have
with France would be sufficient rear rir invoi.enT
it in a war with this country ? Whether there
could he any justification cfl the manner in which
the war had been commenced ? The last peed
world engage the first and mere material if the
two; for, after all.that had been said, he could not.
but consider the attack upon the Spanish frieeres 4s
an aft of piracy, a breach of public faith, and con-
trary to existing treaties, and to the law of nations.
As to all that had been said last right by His Ma-
jesty's Advocate, in justification or this measure, it
should be considered that all the cases he made ant
were founded on the prainice of the last mite. y,
and by no means applicable to the present • ..e.
The cheper of the grear writer to whom that Hoe.
Gentleman alluded, only went to chew that there
were scene cases in which it might he justifiable to
make wee without a declaration ; but never was
used ay him as a general principle. The Horse
Gentleman, however, could never mean to insinuate
that there could be a case in which it was justifiable
to make war, without a declaration, and, least of
all, pending any negotiation. The only ore which
he had heard of almost clearly petered to this, w is
the hase AttACk 'I pon the Smernafleet, which wes fru! y
worthy of the etbal with %hem it originated. There
was only one material difference between that Cate
and the present, which was, that the Dutch having
some notice of the design, the English found the
prepared, and were disappointed; in the ptment
case it w.ss different, for the attack had succeed-
ed. In that case, some complaints were made
against the Dutch, for a ground of complaint can
easily be found when it is the ohjert of tl e
strong to oppress the feeble. But though this
unprecedented attack succeeded, and the ships were
captured ; the advantage would be far from paying
us the expencee of a Spanish ear, if any thing
could be deemed an advantage which could be ob-
tained in such a manner. The assertion in His
Majesty's declaration, wa;, that in former wars the
arrival of the Spanish treasures from America
was often the epoch
but it did not asse
ment of hostilities
In no case
it being an
stances the
friendly, the

.1

le epoch •f the cessation of negociaticns;
.ot assert it to be that of the commence-
ostilities before the negociations ceased.
could such a principle be justifiable, as
invariable tole, t..at under such circum-
. parties should coosider themselves as
be one throws the other of his guard,
•
I
4"alet•-•-•:

awl halls the ether into teenrity. In this we aced
like as the Satyr in the fahle used his guest, breathing
hot and cold, in the same breath ; or, like the
nurse, who negotiates with a child, not by sulking
him at once, but by holding a rod suspended over
him. It was like inviting a man to a parley, and
firing at him under a flag of truce. He was, in-
deed, ready to admit, that the Treaty of St. fide-
fonso was, in itself, a sufficient ground of war ;
but he could not allow the assertion, that its ob3eEt
was the ruin and destruftion of this country , as the
stipulations were the same, whether either of the
parties was at war with this or• any other coun-
try. There was inserted in the declaration an as-
sertion, that the preparations made at Ferrol had
covered the conveyance of troops to Toulon ;
btu, to his surprise, he could not find even
the name of Toulon mentioned in any of the
papers before the House. He then proceeded
to consider the different statements and the dates

of the papers, remarking, that the intentions of our
Ministers were rendered more suspicious by ob-
serving, that, in consequence of the letter received
from Admit al Cochrane, instruAions were given,
in the end of September, for our Minister to
remonstrate and demand expianation, and the at-
tack was made on the Spanish frigate., in the month
of December. He then quoted the opinions of
Grotius and Vatted, in favour of his opinion, and
represented the attack to deserve more the name of
a des:ration. than of a declaration, in any point of
view ; for if the objein was only their detention, hu-
manity required that a larger force should be sent,
in order to prevent them from making any resist-
ance. Early after the war, Mr. Frere, in one of
his letters, represented the heart of Spain as friendly
to England, and only yielding to France from the
effeet of fear. In the conclusion of his speech, be
represented, that there never was a time when it be-
came us more to treat Spain with every degree of
tenderness and civility, than the- present—when it
was our duty to conciliate all the other Powers of
Europe; and that we had no disposition to trample
upon those whose means and powers are inferior to
our own.
Mr. BANK ES agreed with the Hon. Gentleman
who spoke last, that we never stood more in need,
than at present, of the assistance of other nations, or
when we owed more to Spain every degree of mo-
deration, and Spain to us the most candid explana-
tion: with regard to the negociation,however, hesaid,
he observed through the whole of it a sort of system
on the part of Spain, as, considering the number of
hands through which it passed, he never observed so
link variety in any thing. That country might
have had good dispositions with regard to us ; from
a deficiency of
.power it was unable to carry them
into effrA. Without disclosing the treaty of St. 11-
defonso, it could not expel us to submit to it.
Mr. JOHNSTONE said, that the very same
article that was complained of in the treaty of St.
lldefonso, was also to be found in the Family Com-
paA ; but though we afterwards made it the ground
of war against France, England did not think it ne-
cessary to include France in the hostilities. if the
Minister who first set on foot this negotiation with
Spain, had wished to bring it to a happy issue,
he should. ham employed in it some man or
high birth and conciliating manners. The cir-
cumstance of the subsidy, he thought to have been
,eitsisrepresented. Spain agreed to pay 3,000,0001
subsidy, in lieu of naval and military aid, and
Wing allowed to dcdul one million from it. for
a debt due by France, she, in fact, paid no more
than two, for she never would have been enabled
to enforce the payment of the debt
Mr. HILEY ADDINGTON said, he should
sot attempt to contend with many gentlemen who
spoke on the other side of the House. either in ge-
neral knowledge, or the study of the laws of nations.
He was glad an lion. Gentleman acknowledged
that the Treaty of St. ildefonso was in itself a
sufficient hround of war, and whatever respeet he
may have for the opinions of those who thought.
otherwise, he for one could not but most approve
of the condul of those who preferred the miller to
the harsher method of proceeding. He was sorry
that Spain was not induced to explain, and, had tt
done so, this counts y would be fouad ready to coot
ciliate. He concluded a short speech with &elms
in 7 the great satisfaAion he must feel in contem-
pliting the condo& of the Banish Government.
DoAor LAWRENCE said, upon the investiga-'
thin of the whole business then before them, he did
not see there were more than Iwo or three issuable
points for consideration, and these he would make
as brief observations on as the importance of the
subjea would allow. With regard to the two
nations before the commencement of hostilities, he
thought Great Britain had as good A right to de-
mand openness, frankness, and candour, from
Spain, as Spain front Great Britain ; but, since the
period of commencing hostilities, theie was a ma-
terial change in his sentiments on that siihjett ; if it
was Agreeable to Ministers to plunge us into a
war, which was not consistent with justice. were we
to submit in silence ; because they tell us, our dis-
content will dispirit the vigour and energy of the
country? Are we to be content with any Papers, how-
ever deficient in point of regularity, or any thing else
that they please to lay before us ? for the same rea-
son, certainly they were not : on the contrary. he
thought such conduit called loudly on the indigna-
tion of the House. The Treaty was not then in
dispute between them ' • but it did surprise him very
much, when he heard the question of the subsidies
was not to be considered. It had also been stated,
on the other side, that there was a circumstance
which gave the British Government a right to corn-
mence-bostilities ; but he could not in the striAest
research find out any circumstance, which could
warrant such a step, as the seizing of the Spanish
frigates: if it really did exist, he wondered it had been
concealed. He then made some observations with
regard to the dispatches which passed between Mr.
Frere and His Majesty's Ministers, the objea of which
he could not see, unless it was for the purpose of at
once entering into ads of open hostility. He could
not help observing a phrase which had been in-
serted en the declaration : it was agreed, that War
WAS to be declared, in case a French army entered
Spain. The word " army" was struck out of the
Declaration, and " troops" inserted, for the pur-
pose. he suppo-ed, of Ministers having some
shadow of pretence for the conduit they bad
been guilty of. He then alluded to Mr. Frere's
want of instruetions, which, Le said, were, in fad,
nothing, until the rev, period of seizing on the Span-

..

ish frigates. One of the demon& made by our Am- to attach to the armament at Ferrol, still it was
bassador to the Court of Spain was, that English possible that the objed was innocent, and might
ships of war in Spanish ports should be treated in possibly receive a fun and satisfadory explanation ;
the same manner as French ships of war. This, he but, under these siecumstances, what coarse did
• said, was agreed to; and, though he did net wish Ministers .pursue ? They adopted a course that pre-
le stand on words ; yet, when lie saw a demand eluded the possibility of all explanation. hey
evade and agreed to, he thought it should be bind- sent out orders to the West Indies to capture Span-
*. It was stated, that, in a preceding war, ships ish vessels ; orders that could not be recalled in time,
bed been taken before the formal declaration ;he even in case of a subsequent satisfadriry explanation,
acknowledged that to be a fad ; but it did by no and were consequently so far final and decisive. In
means determine the question, as that very cricum- fss, no demand of explanation was made of Mr.
stance alluded to, had since been condemned by every Anduaga until the orders were sent off, and expla-
man of common understanding. He was sorry to nation must have come too late to prevent their
hear so many instances recounted, of hostilities be- being carried into execution. Leaving the question of
ing commenced before the declaration of war, as explanation, however, aside, he contended that the
he was aeries:lly well convinced in himself, in al- measures adopted by our Government ought to
most every one, the proceeding was blameable. He have been commensurate with the danger, if any
then took a review of the law of nations, on de- such really existed, and ought not to have exceeded
daring war, and quoted several passages from.Gro- the necessity of the case. Consequently, the act of
tius. He said, it had been urged, that the Minis- hostility to,which we had recourse, having gene far
tees were justified in going to war on account of the beyond that necessity, is utterly indefensible. But
breach of the condition on the part of Spain. As then we are told that French soldiers and sailors
to that, he thought the breach must be perfectly were marched SCUMS the Spanish territory to man
clear, which was not, even by the Ministers, the French vessels at Ferrol, and that this was an
said to be so in this case ; they only said the unquestionable breach of neutrality, if f pin as an
condition appeared to be broken; but suppose it had abstrad, general case. But what were the.parti•
actually been the faat, suppose the condition had cuter circumstances under which it occurred in the
been broken, every circumstance should have been present instance? The Spanish Minister declared
smelly examined before any steps were taken, or at tu his letter, that Genentl Bournonville had obtain-
least, any other than those which were absolutely ed leave•to march 1600 men across the Spanish
necessary. He said, the greatest possible argument territory. And Mr. Frere had written to Lord
that could be offend against the war with Spain Hawkesbury, communicating the circumstance,
was, that France would derive the greatest possible without receiving in answer any instrudions, to
advantage from it ; she would have under her corn- consider it as an ad of hostility. In that
mend, not only the navy and army, but half the light, however, it was afterwards thought fit
revenue of Spain, all of which would contribute to to view it, for the measures adopted by our
makeherstalmnreformidable than she was at present. Government, in consequence, could be consider.
The armament at Ferrol, of which we complained, ed as nothing else than ads of hostility. It is
consisted of three ships; the order for fitting them idle to call our condud a system of precaution ;it
nut was received on the 7th, and on the t rah they was admit hostility, and is entitled to no other
were countermanded This W. 15 the great and alarm. name. Mr. Frere's departure from Madrid was in
ing measure, which was to excite so much fear for the same spirit. He was not justified in coming away
our safety, and called lar immediate reparation and when he did, as his own dispatch admitted, that the •
redress. There were, indeed, other armaments that Spanish Minister had expressed his hope, to be able
might have proved a just subject of complaint, and to shew that the °Ned of the armament was per-
justify strong measures on the part of the British fedly innocent in relation to this country, and the
Government. He meant the armaments at Car- sincerity of this declaration was the less to be sus-
thagena and Cadiz, and yet there was not pened, as Mr. B. Frere had expressed, in am of
a word of alarm respeatirig these two ports.— his letters, his belief that the armament was des-
No orders were dispatched to prevent the arma- tined against the Biscayans. With these reasons
ments from sailing out of the ports of Cadiz and against an hostile construction upon the proceeding,
Carthagena. To Cadiz, indeed, two frigates were and to induce a favourable interpretation, Mr.
sent to make prizes of vessels that might wish to go Frere bad no right to take a strong ground, and say
into it ; but not a word was said of any armament to Spain, you shall not move even a single ship out
coming out ; and, as to Carthagena, no measure of one of your own ports, even to chastise.your re--
whatever was deemed necessary. It was curious to bellious subjeds, as if it were impossible that such
see, out of three cases, two of them thus entirely could be the real (+Jed. His own dispatch evidently
omitted, and all the fear and apprehension confined implied a possibility that attainment cause might be
to one...s(e loud roughing new began to prevail in awry made out; and if so, the had en right to take a de-
port of Me House.) If Spain had a naval war in finite anddecided step, in opposition to anj such pos.
contemplation, -was it probable that •she should be Bible case. ( Here the coughing increased, and the Howe
totally unprovided with the means of carrying it on? evinced mark impatience). But what followed ? Lord
that she should have no timber at Cadiz, until the Harrowhy. in his conversation with M. Anduaga,
very last moment ? yet such appears to have been df dared that the capture of the Spanish treasure
her real situation in that particular. So far from was only a measure of precaution. Was it then
having her arsenals filled with naval stores to right, he would ask, that we should proceed
an extent which the consumption of war might in every part of the world, taking Spanish treasure,
require, sae had no timber at Cadiz, but such although it appears that the armament was inno-
as Witt bitely sufficient for immediate purposes to. cent'? As expectation, it is said, wax entertained
tally unconnected with the warfare. She had no that the treasure would come home from America
contrafts for naval stores, no provision made that in single ships, and this hat been relied upon as an
could indicate an hostile intention. Even Mr. Frere answer to the objection to the force of the squadron
himself had borne testimony to these pacific sp. that engaged the Spanish frigates off Cape St. Mary,
pearances on the part of Spain. as in one of his but the reverse he would venture to state was the
dispatches he stated, that from all the information fan. Several, months prior to that event, informa-
he had received from the coast, it did not appear tion was received, that the Spanish treasure ships
that there were any armaments going forward. would sail in company. An accurate list, contain.
He admitted, at the same time, that .another dis- ing their names, &c. was published, from whence
patch shortly after announced preparations in the it appeared, that five were to sail together from
port of Ferrol. He would ask, how were these dis- Lima; and yet, with the advantage of all this
cordant resorts to be reconciled ? The pacific dis- knowledge, a squadron of only four frigates was
position of Spain, if left to herself, was univet- employed to intercept them. So much for the
sally acknowledged, and her hostileconduat imputed exisedation, that the treat use would be brought
entirely to the domineering influence of France. But home in single ships. Let no man suppose that
was it possible that the overhearing influence of France this disparity of force .upon the present occasion
should be so unsteady in its operation, as not to be able was a matter of little importance. The honour of
to exist ten days together without interruption ? It the Aug is dear to every maritime nation, and, per-
was strange, if warlike preparations were making at haps, there is nothing so likely to involve two colitis
any time natter the influenceof France, always so rani- tries in hostilities as any insult offered to it, and an
form and steady in her enmity to England, that they offence that touches the honour of the nation—
should proceed only by starts, and be liable to Mere /he coughing entreated in erre!, part of the House)
such interruptions. The all:ged destinatian of The Hon. and Learned Member thus concluded
those ships at Ferrol has 41S0 been adduced as a very able and argumentative speech ; Sir, I cet-
a proof of insincerity on the part of the Spanish tainly do not mean, at this late hour (it was our
Government ; and the answer of the Spanish Corn- Trodre o'Clm k) to obtrude upon the patience nr
mender, stating that they were destined to con- feelings of the House ; but upon a subject of such
vey troops to quell the insurgents in Biscay, has magnitude, I did think myselfjustitiable in entering
been argued upon as pregnant with internal cvi. into matter of detail, and opening a view of the
dente or falsehood, and totally inconsistent with subjeat upon the general ground. In the present
truth. The subsequent march of the troops for tlisordered state of Europe, when so many of the
that pnrpn;e, by land, was relied upon, as a pool of ancient landmarks that distinguished the rights of
the fallaciousness of that explanation ; but he did nations have been removed, or thrown down ;
not think it deserved to much weight as was at- when we are called upon to support the little that
cached to it. Although troops were afterwards remains of civilised Europe, I feel, whatever may
sent to Biscay, by land, it did not follow but be the society of men to whom I address myself, I
that it might have been thought advisable to say, I conscientiously feel it my duty, upon an occa.
have sent troops also by sea, and it was very sion like this, to discuss the question with anxiety
possible that it might have been in the concern- and care. In a common or an ordinary case, I
plation of the Spanish Government, originally to shall never go against the feelings of the House ; but
send those very troops by sea, which they after- upon an occasion like the present, I ask them wile-
wards marched by land into Biscay. He did titer they think too Much labour, and too much in-
not rtofess an accurate knowledge of the coast quiry can be bestowed upon it ?"
of Spain in that quarter disturbed by insur- The MASTER of the ROLLS said, he should
redion ; but he could conceive it very po,sihle enter into the discussion of the question only so far
that it might have %seen deemed adviseable to as it was essential. Irk had viewed under that dis-
attack the insurgents at the same time by land and tindion, several of the observations made in the
sea ; and although there might not be a very deep and course of the night, upon various circumstances
commodious harbour on that part of the coast, yet of the case. There was much which mei might
troops might have been very well landed by boats affirm and.deny, yet leave the matter madly where
from the shipping at a convenient distance. Asa fur- it was, wßhe nothing was irrelevant that did aired
cher proof of the innocent intention of the armament the debate ' itself. 'l'he remote cause of the war
in Ferrol, Admiral Cochrane asserted, that the was the irrenounced treaty of St. Ildephouso. The
three ships composing it were only half manned.— proximate cause was the construction that Govern-
This is at once evidence of the fair intention of the ment put upon the armaments going on in the ports
Spanish government, and of the weakness of the of Spain, and the explanation which they thought
fears which the armament excited. That three they had a right to demand. His Honourable
ships, half manned, should be a force competent Friend had precisely stated the true points, and
to produce such serious apprehension as would not he should confine himself aridly to them.—All th tt
allow His Majesty's Ministers 24 hours time was necessary to consider in the present case was, I st,
for deliberation, he could not conceive. If they our situation at the commencement of the present
were fitted out for an hostile purpose, and if they war with France so far as the same related to
did threaten mischief, where was our vigorous and Spain ; 2dly, how far our original situation has
efficient administration, of whom we have heard so been changed by any subsequent agreement;
much ? Were they so limited in their means, that and, idly, whether the conditions of that agrees
they could not afford to send out three ships to meet have been violated, and if so, the conse-
prevent any urgent danger to be feared from quences that result to us in right and justice from
these three half-manned Spanish vessels ? Admit- such violation; and further, the operation of the
Ling, however, every possible appearance of hostility same, as laying a foundation for explanation which

~.,

has been demanded, hit was refused. Now, as
to the first point, he imagined, there could be • little
difference of opinion. He was only surprised it should
be said, that there was something ambiguous upon
the face of the treaty —nf An intimation of the rontrory
was mode from the Sfiiihderial Bench). The Main
Member then said, in continuation, he must pre.
sume that all parties were agreed upon that point,
and that the treaty of St. Ildefonso WAS to be con-
sidered a measure of hostility against this country,
on the part of Spain. It was a more Offensive
treaty than the Family Compait. Even in the Fa-
mily Compaft, the party was not precluded front
enquiring into the justice of the war, and called
upon to furnish its stipulated succours blindly._
But that right was expressly guarded against in the
treaty of St. Ildefonso; fur it expressly provides
I•tleat the party must furnish the stipulated amount
91 succours, without any emits'', v, whether the wn
fie offensive or defensive, just or unjust, or who o
the enemy. It is fair then to say, that a treaty a,
that description, if not renounced, is a just cause .
and that the party refusing to renounce it, ,plaen
himself in a state of hostility ; and Wile Ise r,
state of hostility, then the party injured has an -on,
doubted right of resistance. Thar being our aflual
state at the commencement of the war, the net
question is, the substitution of the pecuniary SUS- '
tours for the terms of the original treaty. He Ai
not hear it asserted, that they did not stand Nam •
:die same footing as the succours stipulated by the
.treaty of St. Ildefonso. Whatever may have bent.
the stipulations of the convention, substituted in its
stead, they were between the same partiesnand in
the same spirit, and of the same tendency. Out
right of war, therefore, temained unimpaired br
the new convention ; but it might be said, that on,.
posing the Eta to ha so, no nation is Ir.und to e;
ercise its rights. It is very true, motives :,/ pt ,:.
duence and policy may, and oftentimes do, !•.
strain a nation frirm the er,:tci.e of its ji t-
rights. The condua of this country, upon
present occasion, is an examplz of that sort art
forbearance. We did not wish to go to war with
Spain ; it we could have secured her real neutralits,
it would have been our policy to avoid a rupture.
It has been also a question with statesmen, w'ne-
ther, in contemplation of a war, as an event entail;
at some time with Spain, it was not a laudable •po-
licy to defer the moment of striking the hloweentil
could be done to thebest advantage.? Thiscoomeana
pursued in the war against France, connelked withtin•
war between. England and her American colonies.
' ever we were engagedin a war with France less
than another to involva us in hostilities with Spoilt,
it was that war, and yet such was the result aftera
' few months of neutrality. The Opposition did nor
fail, in consequence, to censure the Miriister of the
day as wanting foresight, and to !dame him :mom
laving declared war against Spin at once.—finch
was the opinion then entertained of our political re-
lations with Spain, and of the peculiarity or her
situation, as always certain to be involved in any
war bats een this country and France ; and
that time, France did not exorcise that overhearing
influence upon Spain, that she MSS at the pressed
moment. It was further objeeted against Govern:
ment, that they have not taakea.a etroug, and ,d'sa
Linn line of enridinfl in their measures with Spina.
He maintained that they had taken a strong,
read definite course. They called upon Spain nt
early period, is precise and distinJ terms, to declam
whether she meant to aft upon the Treaty of fit.
Ildefonso ? and, being answered in the negative,
they, afterwards, desired to know, in terms (final-
ly explicit, whether she should confine herself
to the pecuniary succours stipulated tor, in the
place of the original agreement? This was to
take a clear, distinet, and definite line of conclude
but then it was obj-ded, that our Ambassa-
dor, upon receiving the answer of the Spani4l2
government, declared noresolu tionthetenn, and there-
by lett matters vague and indefinite. Hebelievedit
WA, the common praftice of Courts to instruCteheir.
Ambassadors to ask questions. antitocommtmirave
thorn to the i rGovernment.without declaring, u pon the
receipt oisuch answer, any new determinants!) or lien':
course intended to be taken. A case of thielcinti
happened in the year 1761, upon the question
the Family Compaft. Our Government wished to
see that instrument, but that being refused, lLord
Egremont. the Minister of the day, iniarturted our
Ambassador at Madrid to, say, that if the Spaniel:
Government would declare that there was .nothing
in it offensive to our interests, he would report the
answer to his Court. this Was al he was allow“
ed to say. He was not authorised to folltiv.
up the compliance or ref-rind of the SpaniSh Go-
vernment, with any declaration of the listen
views of his Court, or of the definite and
tinft line of coaduft which it meant rf •
sue, and yet he never heard that Lora
mont was tonsidered a weak or incapable N::.°;
If the succours had beta small, they might Nate
been connived at. and, provided Spain Lad slime:.
proper dispositioin every t' tinganightlave taken a
very different turn to what it did. For a consider-
able time, every effort was made, which could
lead to a favourable and prosperous issue. In a
note, dated the 'lath January, Mr. Frere holds
out certain conditions, on which a neutrality might
be granted, because, at that period nothing had then
_passed, which might not admit Great Brit:l;n to per-
mit the payments of subsidies, in lieu of furnishing
the contingent which was stipulated to be p rid by the
offensive 'Ereaty of St. Ildefonso. To that note.
however, no answer was returned by M Cevallos.
Mt. Frere, notwithstanding, renewed this pro-
position, and it was acceded to on two ears en
conditions, viz. the cessation of all Armaments in
the part of Spain, and the prohibition of the salc.of
prizes taken by France from England, and carried
into Spanish ports. This was the positive And
express stipulation agreed upon the 2d of March,
and it was positively understood that it was are-
able to the inclinations of M. Cevallos, and pertefk
understood as an agreement founded on the two les-.
ters of the Bth Feb. and the 27th March, in which it a
mentioned under the term forbearance, which the Han.
and Learned Gent. said was the same as neutrality.
for the proposition of neutrality might be substituted.
and if the Ministers of Spain pleased to take for-
bearance instead of neutrality, we had certainly no
reason to object to it. It was the same, during that
period, as admitting them to a state of neutrality.
but it was with a particular view, and depended en'
tirely on the particular circumstances of the case.
It was perfdly clear that we did mean to give them

...-.

L

the benefits of a neutrality, tleaigh they were not in
an aRuAI state of neutrality. Sp iin was to use her
utmost efforts to keep out of the war, if she could do
so by means of our forbearance. Lord flAwkesbury
described the neture ef forbearance, and he might
at the same time have told them, the treaty of St.
fidefonso is Altogether an offensive treaty, and you
trust either take your option of rennuecing it, or of
being at war with us. His lion. and Leat nett Friend,
who spoke last, had said, in the course of his /tree-
ment, that it was incumbent on His Majest. 's -
nistes to keep up the good faith fur which this
nation had ever been so deservedly celebrated;
and particularly in its relations with the Spanish
Government. He would certainly he at all
time
a most. strenuous advocate for keeping
up the good faith and honour, as well as justice, of
the nation ; and, in the present case, that point had
been most scrupulously adhered to. In the course
of the negotiations relative to this treaty, we exact
two conditions, en the exalt fulfilment of which by
the Steroish ;ttlitlisters, the whole basis or strength if
nor 3.Verment, or convention, or compact, for he
bet:se:ea it hid been alluded to by all these terms,
.was to rest. It was necessary, he thought, in this place,
to state exaflly what we had obtained from Spa.n, in
Order that she might keep out of the war which
had just been commenced between France and this
country. In the first place, then,. Spain was to re-
strain
itself from any appearance of hostile erma-
snon. here again it may, perhaps. be asked, whet it
was that should be deemed to be such ? Mr. Frere, he
said, always desirous to do away every doubt that
might take place on the iultjeft, had brought it to
a more certain point, and, to avoid every probable
chance of any mistake, he expressly says, that the
Court of Spain most abstain from all armaments.
This showed most clearly, that the meatewe was
adopted in consequence of an express agreement on
the occasion, which no neutral power could require ;
as such, Lord Hawkeshury, in his dispatches to Mr.
Frere, said eev armament whatsoever will be a cause
of jealousy; riel why ? for this obvious reason. that if
they had any armament at all, it might at any time
be brought to aft against us. It was not, he said,
by any means his intention to say that we ought
to tie Spain down to the strietest possible per-
formance of that condition. He was far from
wishing to infer that Spain should not be allowed
to equip any ships, for the purpose of any internal
service, that might aftually require it; such as the
conveyance of troops to quell any insurraai in or re-
bellion, or any such a similar faltr4ce of real neces-
sity. It would first require proof that such arma-
ment as that described was wanting ; and there
could be no doubt, but on the necessity and ad-
vanrege being made apparent, the King's Miaiste:.
at the Court of Spain would readily give cons tot to
every requisite adjustment shat the Court of Spain
could der ire. Here the Hon and Learned Gentleman
211thled t M. Cevallos's letter, of the Is: of April, in
which he stew:, that His M ije.:v has acceded to the
conditions demanded by Mr. Frere ; and on the Bth
Jun:, Mr. Frere states the conversation lie hid with
M. Ct,willos on the siihjed. The next proof is M.
Cevalloe's note of the Otrert of Oft. in which is stated,
that England agrees to the mentrality of Spain, on
condition that she shall cease all armaments what-
ever, accoremg to the tree intent and meaning
rof the convention. M. Anduega, in his letters of
the 'ad of December, states, that England had
agreed to a neutrality on condition that they
should cease from all ulterior armaments. Here
seemed to be an ambiguous vari ition of the language
in these two letters, that of the 29th of October,
stating, that, in return for the condition of neutrality,
Spain was to cease from all armaments. Aceording
to the tenor of the coeeention, whilst That of the
221 of December says, all ulterior armaments.—
There certeinty was a diffarent.e. in the word-
ing of the two notes, which, with other cite urn-
stances, induced a suspicion that the Spanish
Ministers wished to introduce a phraseology that
would bear a difference of interpretation. It
had been said by his Honourable and Learned
Frknd, suppose Spain had o:cesen to eqtrip
ships, in order to suppress a relsellioa in any of the
provinces. She must not be Allowed to equip one
for even such a purpose. The Hon • and Learned
Gentleman denied this, and said it would be unrea-
sonable. It never could be the wish of this country
t to put Spain into such a situation; but, if Spain were
to attempt to fit out any extraordinary armaments,
we should certainly have a right to aft hostilely to-
wards her. Our situation would certainly not 1w se-
cure, if Spain were allowed to arm at say time, with-
out expleitiing. le this view of thesubject. he thought
I. might as, nd many of the very minute matters,
seitich the Hen. and Learned Gentleman who had
te sat desen, and some others who had spoken on
5:,,• ,uhi.,,et, had particularly adverted to. His chief
oej:et twine to impress it on the mind of the Howie,
that we tied acceded toe neutrality, orf'ubeatone,on
the express conditinu, that Spain should cease from all
armaments whateyer; and if they broke through that
condition. or materially infringed it, that wauld be
a good and sufficient cause of sear. We had, in
the first instance, a good calm of war its the
treaty of St. Ildefonso itself; but as Spain thought
they were not beund to as by that treats-,
they were swiftly bound to fulfil the condition ,n
wh:ch th:y had obtained a stipulated farhearance on
the part of this country. How then d J the mat-
ter stand After this? Mr. Frere received intelligence
from Admiral Cochrane, that great numbei s of
rench solders a,ti sailors were suffered us pass
retough Spain for the purpose of 'limning and equip-
hug the French ships of war lying i i the Port of
Fermi; and further, that Sp sni was also ;inning arid
equipping several ships not only in that l'ort, but
in the Ports also ot Cadiz and Carthagena. An Hots.
Gmtleman who moved the Amenlnu had, lest
night. stated, for what reason he seas ar a loss to
guess, that any intelligence on this stihjeft, coming
from that gallant Officer, should not lie relied on,
with too much contidence.—Why ?—He thought it,
in every respea, to be implici.ly relied on. Did
it not agree with the account contained in the
letter of the Captain General of Gallicie, who al-
lows, that these are the exact number of ships which
have been attempted to be armed, as described by
Admiral Cochrane, viz.= Three ships of the line.
That Was, beyond a dietht, a very mesterious
armament, and altogether of that kind or de-
. scription, which Spain, from the nature and spirit
of the agreement, then rec.•oily entered into with this
country, was nut, in any manner, warranted to make
or attempt. We had 4 specific Agreeunnit, that Spain

r .

should not arm at all. An armament is however
set on foot. On Mr. Frere's inquiry into the cause
of it, he is told, that it is for the particular purpose
of quelling a rebellion which had broken out in the
Province of Biscay, and he thought Lord Har-
rowby was perfeAly right, when he said, he di 1 not
think it possible that a satisfa&ory answer could be
given on that subjeff, When Mr. Frere first
made the enquiry, no such reason was pretend-
ed. He was told, that the armament was entirely
laid aside, but that, such as it was, it was never
meant with any view whatever that was in the most
distant degree hostile or inimical to Great Britain.
The first hint which was ever given of its being
intended to quell the rebellion in Biscay, appears in
the Note of M. Anduaga here, who suggests, that
he cannot conceive for what reason it was made,
unless it was to convey troops more speedily and
conveniently to the province of Biscay, in order
to que'l the rebellion then raging there. Here
then the Honourable and Learned Gentleman
contended was not only a right to declare war,
but a good and sufficient cause of war also, for
Spain had procured from you a neutrality, or for-
bearance, all an express stipulation and condition that
she shall positively cease from all armaments, and that
cenditinn being once broken in upon, or iefringed
in any degree, you are in all respects completely
justified in issuing the orders of September for the
seizure and detention of the Spanish frigates. The
H,et. and Learned Genie went even further, and said
that your causes of war were so palpable, that you
would have been completely justified in issuing imme-
diate orders for capture in the first instance, which of
course includes detention. He did not mean,howevet,
that the measure should be absolute, provided the
Spanish Court would consent to give a proper sa-
tisfaftion, and an assurance that it would hereafter
scrupulously adhere Co the conditions on which the
neutrally or forbearance on our part was granted.
The Hon. and Learned Gentleman f illy defended
the measure of seizing and detaining these frig; aces.
Yet, he said, it was always intended by His Majesty's
Ministers, as a measure of precaution, though our
cause of war was so notorious, for in a few days after
the order was issued for their detention, there was
another issued for their restitution. Mr. Frere was
desired not to consider this step as absolutely ren-
dering it necessary to quit Madrid, but to try every
means of convincing the Spanish Government that
we did not wish to break with them if we could
possibly avoid it. The Honourable and Learned
Gentlemen insisted that we only wished to de-
tain these frigates as a pledge or hostage till
Spain should give us satisfaction on particular
points. Ail the instrections given to the com-
manders and officers of out own ships clearly
proved this ; and those commanders and effizers
had acted with the strictest attentions •to the
orders they had so received. The utmost osit.
cecy was used in the Ali of communicating those
in eruelions to the Captains and Commanders of the
Spanish frigates; and, whatever melancholy circum-
stances have ensued, were not owing to our Officers,
but to the obstinate determination on the part of
the Spanish Commanders, not to submit to the dis.
tentioa, though urged with every degree of huma-
nity and respeet ; that any lives had been lost, he ‘l-
- was deeply to be regretted; but, under all cite
circumstances, no blame could therefore be thrown
with fairness and candour, because they had taken
every precaution to guard against any such melancho-
ly consena maces. When the whole conduit of the
Spanish Government is impartially and molly con-
sidered, it will be found that oar Minister had just
cause to be alarmed. The treaty of St. Ildefonso
itself was certainly an offensive one, and, as such,
gave us a good cause of war in the first instance,
even the first moment we found ourselves engaged
in hostilities with France. He would, however, sup.
pose, fur the sake of argument, that he conduct of
the Court of Spain only eetitled us to make a de.
mand of explanation. Surel), if Spain acted with due
regard to the treaty of neutrality or forbearance, we
would not be induced to suppo‘e there was any
thing in the treaty which the Spanish Government
wanted carefully to conceal. Put if she gives us res.
els to supply that there is any thing concealed, we
have an undoubted right to a communication of
the terms of that treaty, in o der to be certaiit, and
to have it iliCend sled teat nothing injurious to our
interests is contained therein. It alitia'ly became
necessary to know whether the accounts received by
Mr. Frere relative to the armaments were true or
false. M. Cevallos states, that all armaments
against Great Britain shall cease, whereas by agree-
ment, all Armaments whetever were to cease, and it
would be utterly, and to all intents and purposes,
impossible for us to know the intentions of the
Spanish Gov !rement, wiles/ she would give.us some
information relative to the st pul Mons contained in
that treaty, end therefore you get nothing by the
! treaty more than you always have bed with all
neutral nations. The Hon. and Learned Gentle-
man begged the House to recolle& that on the 3d of
November 1804, M. Cevellos gives in his ultimatum
as an answer to Mr. Frere's two notes in the follow-
ing word, :
SlR—i! have menet the twa Notes which you were
phased to eldress to roe, dated the 20th of October last, and
th 2d insult ; and, having given eteriont to the Ring my
%latter uf their content, I have the honour to declare to you,
that Spain has given constant proofs of good correspond-
e i r with Great Britain ; of hex %delity In observing the
sty of Neutrality (called by you a siemen.ion of limtnities,
tnough thy have ant disturbed the state of peace since the
Treaty of Amiens), and has completely alone twat the ;ippon
henions which England founded upon vague accouie+ of sr-
111.11111PIlli which neither did sent, nor, if they had existed, had
any tendency prej. &Mal to the tranquillity of Greet Britain.
" And although these three points are satnfied in my Note
of the 29th of a tuber last, still His Maoisty is era rag to nuke
a fresh sacrifice to peace, carrying his Royal condescension to
the point which you demure, and ordering mu: te satisfy your
genitors., as I do, in tile rend u equivocal manner, saying—
"To ill! fiist, That Spair, coitanquiersce of the Treaty of
Neutrality concluded On I9urr October, 1803, will make no
agreement Gutman, to the said n.nreetion.
" To the second, That there is not a greater number of
sbiln armed than there was at the e,roch of the said convention.
To the third, 'Enat no change intraltory of the neutrality
s:rel: h!. rim le it tine distribut a the ships already armed t
mow it it like ly that there should be any need in change the said
rhanbution, under the supposition of neutrality.
" To the fourth, That the Treaty of Subsidy with France
e u teatime to our neutrality with Great Bd.
LIM, and that the subsidies me equivalent to what would be
the esp lace n( the naval and military succours, stipulated in
the Treaty of Alliance with the French Repubnc.
" As iny answers are not hos distinct than satisfactory, for
they have been formed in nu other style than that of good faith,
I think 1 have a tredi right to be eatisied by you in regard to the
measure take„ by the Witisli Cabinet in ordering that the Corn-
dander of its forces before Ferrol should prevent the entrance
of Spanish ships into the mid port a complaint l have not

bad the honour to see sati.fiel by you, as becomes a mitasore
which carriss With it a mistrust a the Spanish Goesetruclati '
a.iil ~spends it. honour .sid dignity, by shackling the exerm•
of its domestic authority.
(Signed) " PEDRO CEVAILOS"
By this it appears that Spain, in consequence of
the treaty of neutrality, will make no armament
contrary to the said convention ; this was the ex-
plicit language used by M. Cevallos on the 29th of
011ober ; but he became more mysterious and am-
biguous in the language of his note of the 3d of No-
vember, which gave Mr. Vette great reason to be-
lieve that there was some secret engagement between
France and Spain, which rendered it doubtful
Spain could not consistently enter into any with
Great Britain. That would in itself be a good and
sufficient cause of war; they tell us there is nothing
in the treaty contrary to the terms of the neutrality
with Great Britain, though we have nothing more
to depend on remelting this, only their own con-
struaion of their own treaty, which they have uni-
formly refused to let us see, and on which, after the
experience we have had, we may well suppose there
is no reliance to be placed. Mr. Frere afterwards
pointed out, wherein it was, that they might give
the satisfaCtion required in the following terms in
his Note of the 30th of Oftober : " True it is, that
His Britannic Majesty has received vague assuran-
ces as to the amount of the sums paid to France,
but these assurances are insufficient to enable him
to decide upon the nature of the permanent relations
which should subsist between him and His Catholic
Majesty ; especially, as, should these assurances be
exalt, no reason remains to refuse the eommu-
nication of the Treaty, since sour Excellency has
assured me, that it does not contain any stipula-
tions hostile to Great Britain." 'Thus, by a full
and dear 'explanation, they might have satis-
fied His Majesty's Ministers, and kept entire
those peaceful relations, to keep and maintain
which it had been the constant wish of His Majesty,
. sod the uniform efforts of his Ministers. By the
condua of the Ministers of Spain, we have had a
palpable breach of a particular agreement, made
for the express purpose of enabling Spaia to enjoy)
a state of neutrality or forbearance, or rather, as
Mr. Frere says, a suspension of hostilities, which is
1 an immediate cause of war; and that event hav-
ing happened, you had an instantaneous right to
detain, or even capture, their ships, without any for-
mal declaration of war taking place. The Hon.
and Learned Gentleman assured the House he was
,
well convinced of this, notwithstanding what had
fallen from his Hon. and learned friend (Dr. Law-
rence) on this subject, and was sorry he had ap-
plied an epithet so little deserved by that transac-
tion, as that of piracy. A charge so very far from
being the case, according to the established usages
' and customs of the laws of nations, that it could not
be supported fin an instant, till some new code shall
be introduced,aud receive the sanetion of those who are
to be bound by it. The Hon. Gentleman said, he
had but one observation more to make on the pre-
sent occision. We bad reason to Iseli..ve, that by
the treaty of St Ildefonso, France was entitled to
call upon Siain for certain stipulated succours, the
extent of which was not limited or defined, and of
the continuance of which, we could form no kind
of ju 'groom, except by guess. This was partly the
case with the Family Compalt, and the. House
would be pleased to recoiled, that when that treaty
came to be known, it was found not to be so hostile
to our interests as had been expected. The same
thing might perhaps be found the case of the trig
of St. Ildefonso . but still that is no reason why we
should not demand inquiry ; and, having done so
repeatedly, in vain, our Minister was at last under
the necessity of demanding his passports, and re-
turning home, which he thought was the most
proper step that could be taken. Having thus
taken a fair anti impartial view of the most promi-
nent features of the present case, and its various
principal points, be should abstain from many ode*
which had been mentioned by his Hon. and
ed Friend, as well as other Gentlemen in the
of the Debate, as he did not wish at so late anise*
se intrude longer on the time and patience of the
House. He had deliberately perused the whole of
the Papers, and after the most mature consideration,
be thought His Majesty's Ministers not only deserved
great praise for what they had done, but that they
would have been highly culpable had they aged
otherwise.
Mr. FOX began by assuring the House, that after
the very long and full discussion which this subjea
had undergone, and particularly at so late an hour,
he would trespass on them not a moment longer
than he could well avoid in delivering his senti-
' mein, on this most interesting and important subject,
fie was happy to reflect, that some part of what
bad fallen from the Hon. and Learned Gent. who I
tad just sat down, would spare him the trouble of
noticing some points, as he should be also saved that
in many others, by tlseexcellent speech of his Hon. and
Learned Friend, which was so replete with Woe-
Amnion, so adorned and enriched with the
profound learning, and so pregnant with ziel:
of wise and enlightened policy. The Mull
Learned Gentleman, who had just sat deiesebeid
admitted, that after you have once waved' rear 1
right of going to war, you are bound to glee an ut-
tesior nonce before you go to war. This language
was very different from that which bad been
held by an Honourable and Learned Gent. in the
same debate yesterday, in which he contended, in
terms which he thought the language of fraud and
falsehood; thAt to pass over in silence the supposed
faults or aggressions of another power, with whom
you are at peace, is not acqatescence ; and that
the abstinence from hostilities is not a reeogni-
'lion of neutrality, but that the right of war
might be reserved for some other convenient and
more favourable opportunity. 'rids he could not
but conceive was a monstrous proposition. The
Treaty of St. lidelonso, he,ifor his own part, looked
onto be entirely and altogether offensive, and though
not perhaps, as the I earned Gentleman thought,
stronger than the family compalt. As to the general
construe ion of it, he begged leave to remind the
Hon. and Learned Gentleman, that the most ob-
jeaionable part of that Treaty was the succours sti•
pulated to be granted without the party granting
enquiry into the purposes for which they would be
wanted. He adverted to the dispatches and instruc-
tions of the late Secretary of State, in which he de-
mands so many things from Spain as duties, which
differ most essentially with the duties appertaining
to Great Britain. It his, in his Lordship's opinion,
the true duty of Spain to be open, candid, and

sincere, -while the true duties of Great Britain
are to be doubt, susnicion, and mistrust. He was
At a loss to conceive how tilt* could be teison-
cited with each other, and while the Nible Lord
was expelling such a condi' 't from Spain, ae should
recommend a procedust on our part, which was in
itself so diametrically opposite 'flat the (ameN rbk
Lord should demand the most unreserved confi fence
and grant none in return, was really most w:Arri-
cal, and fully justified the argurneots of H;s
Hon. Friend, who moved the Amendment yester-
day, in what he then said on the subjed of that let.
ter.—lt was impossible that in a tralsattion
of this nature, Lord HAwkesbury should not
• have chosen one of these two grounds —lf
Spain did not renounce the treaty to go to
war dire.flly ; the other was unquestiona!ily to
frame a system of neutrality, which, by the bye,
Spain could not frame by herself; but in which
she must stand in need of the advice, co-opera-
tion, and assistance of Great Britain D_t us
see, said Mr. Fox, how this matter stood.—
Spain and Great Britain are on the eve of a
war; the former wants advice sad assistance from •
the latter, which is in some measure promised in the
commencement of the dispute ; bat when we come
to that long interval, from the 2d of June to the
month of November, there are five months passed
without any attempt to advise or conciliate, what
can I say, but that there is a Minister, who leaves
every thing to chance, and never thinks it worth Lis
while to tale soy measures which may tend to save his
country from the h.nrors, calamities, and enormous
(*peaces of that most cruel of all scourges—war
What, after such an opening of the business as Mr.
Freres communication as to the treaty of St. Ede-

fonso, could the Spanish Ministers expect? Why they
undoubtedly expefted advice; but, alas! in vain! five
months are suffered to elapse, and in all that time not
a single word passes on the subject of what would at
least be the condo& of Great Britain. As it has been
the business at the present period to tax Spain with the
crime of having done more for France than she was
bound to do by treaty ; let us see what is the best
way to ascertain the treaty
do this with proper el
left, we must ask the question, not what she di,
with raped to France, but what she had aftualli
done, or was willing to do, with respeft to GUM
Britain ? It appeared to be the opinien of Span
in tie very outset of the business, that by avoid
ing to furnish the troops and ships to France
as she was. hound by this treaty, she was in
dined to commute fur them subsid;et, a::d that b
so doing, she was obliging Great ]hernia more the
by fulfilling the Treaty, and furnishing th
•contingent. Hence her proposed sync= of net
'Stalky—or, what is called, oar's of f. rbearano
Through all these proceedings, Spain had
right to think, that she had been veil bard]
*lnk by. It was not an optioned smatter i
Spain whether she would or w. utd slot wit]
draw herself from the treaty of St. Ildefonec
circumstanced as she was between France as
this country, it was natural enough that she sh
be very desirous of knowing the opinion of t;•
Court of London on the conduit she should pis
sue; hut that information was withheld from thee
There Isere many reams which. might ha'
induced the King of Spain to give the peel
rence to subsidy, even the contingent itl noes
and ships, u by that he asig:it avoid the
occasions of irritation during the war, which were
be most likely to involve him in hostilities he ma
be every way desirous of avoiding; and in this he 7
. pears to have judged very right, for while she Brit
Cabinet avoided giving any advice to that of Spa
ks temper pretty clearly appeared in the instruais
sent to Mr. Frere, directing him to quit Madrid
any intelligence of French troops being allowed
pus through the Spanish territories. After and
Sae of conduCt, it must be harsh and cruel in th
to be reproaching Spain on eve y occasion of I
sighing that kind of assistance to France, IA
would be most advantageito: to the interests of t
country, and most injurious to ours. The Ri
Hon. and Learned Gentleman (the Master of
Rolls', to elucidate some of his observations on
grounds of partiality, has infsemed us, that fc
long series of years past, France was not cage
in any war, except one, in which, at some pet
or other of it, she did not connive to involve Si
as an ally ; and this that Riffit Hon. Gentlest
and many others beside him, had perhaps often
tributed to some natural partiality or
pathy they had fur each other. He, however, wa
opinion, that those could know but little of but
nature who could ascribe political combination
any such cense. In the unfortunate war which
country so long waged against France, eves y
knew that there was nothing Spain dreaded so n
as the freedom of that continent which she
think it was more her interest to preireit. at,d
political combinations, and their del en,lenci
each, made Spain the ally of France in the Atte:.
of an object perfectly adverse from every let
of its heart. Such was also the case in the pr
war, iu which the impulse of the mind is not
suited. Should we, by a combination of cirt
stances, find our friend Portugal now lea
against us, it would he unjust to consider it a
aft of self-will. While under the contro
influence of much more powerful state.,
I Minor nations are never allowed a choice ; and
m-operation cannot prove the males inners.
Their link barks may, with their sa.k,
" Pursue the trlualphi, and partake the gales."
They have their scanty proportion of the
quests, but they are never engaged for Any oh
their own. It was in vain, then, to contend
the Spaniards were so much devoted to the
interests, as to grant to them a subsidy of
millions, one half of their revenue, from ,ny
• rric:ftle than that of necessity. He re
with those wbe were of opinisie
it was immaterial to this country and its in
whether the contingent stipulated by the t
St. Ildefenso was paid in kind or in subsid
he did not see the justice with which so muc
elle was attempted to be thrown on the obser
of M. Anduaga, that if we are agreed to let
make good the contingent stipulated by the
the French would have no pretext for de
ing any tun ; but when it was attempted
commuted for a sum of money, they had
an opportunity of setting a greater reice u
th n it might possibly have deserved. Th
s tying no snore tl.an what every man exper
who ever made a bargain. if be demands

rd. Now, as
ould be • little
wised it should
tbiguous upon
of the contrary
The Hon.
he must pre.
on that point,
was to be con-
,t this country,
nore offensive
/en in the FA.
rechislesi front
tr, and called
ors
against in the
essly provides
slated amount
hether the wat
just, or .who
hat a treaty re!
I just cause ~!
once it, ,place,
if 'he be sr, s,
red has an -.•i- -
!tug our Relit,'
war, the lie.
pecuniary sn-
city.
Not tdatld tipult
pupated by the
may have been •
tbstituted in its
parties, ,and in
!ndency. Our
minipaired by
said, that sup.
s hnund to ex.
natives tat
Wanes do, rt.
of its jest'
ary, upon the'
of that sort uf
to to war with
teal neutrality,
roid a rupture.
:ittesnien, wise-
ln event certain
a laudable pn-
lie hlow•unia
Th is counsewv
melted wallah:,
scan colonies. F
tame less
with Spai,
be wank. after a
position diJ nut
11/hinter of the
me him for.nu
at once.—Both
our .prtlitical re-
tuliaray of her
involved in any
Ice ; and :re:, ret
:hat overbearreg
• at the pies?os
igainst Govern-
strong and ala
nes with Spain.
strong,
pun Spain at a/
erms, to dec!are
e Treaty of 6t.
a the -negative,
in terms (final-
confine herself
test tor, in the
? This was !to
line of conduit;
our A minima-
of the Spanish
ietenn, and there-
,. Hebelinvedit
s to instruEl their
, to communicate
'elating, upon the
minationor fixoti
case of this kintt
the question id-
ument wished-re
g refused, I.rad
iniotruFted ran
a if the Spanish
ere was ,nothi:T
would report tbc
he was allow-
rised to follov.
the Spaniih Go-
of the hunt_
lefinite and St
meaitt re, ; •
'tat Lora
capable
they might !!ANC
lain iate3 sheen
ight have taken a
For a consider-
le, which could
rims issue. In a
slr. Frere holds
neutrality might
nothing had then
Nit Britain to per-
ieu of furnishing
to be paid by the
To that note,
by M Cevallos.
!newed this ;lem-
on two express
all Armaments ue
tion of the sale•of
'land, and carried
the positive And
he 2d of March,
that it was agree-
Ilos, and perte"
led on the two les-
arch, in which it
tte,which the Han.
ame as neutralitt,
;ht be substiattel
eased to take tor
! had certainly no
same, during that
!ate of neutrality.
and depended en-
nces of the case.
near to give them

.......... -•-••••• - ' Y
d'''''''.- . i "gall
vailigdll