The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1826-01-05 00:00:00

EAST INDIA SHIPPING.

The Indus, Moriarty, from Sumatra, has arrived at Cowes.
Sht left Padang on the :k1 of Septembeto end tit. Helena the sth of
November.

Sir Edward Coke cites a record, in which Edward 111.
commands the Mayor of London to remove all idle women
from the neighbourhood of the Carmelite brethren in Fleet-
street.

•
judication by the sentence or an impartial tribunal, those to which
I now refer would long since have been settled, and adequate in-
demnity would have been obtained. There are large amounts of
similar claims upon the Netherlands, Naples, and Denmark. Far
those upon Spain prior to 181'J, indemnity was, after many years of
patient forbearance, obtained ; and those upon Sweden have been
lately compromised by a private settlement, in which the claimants
themselves have acquiesced. The Governments of Denmark and
of Naples have been recently reminded of those yet exi,ting against
them ; nor will any of them be forgotten while a hope may be in-
dulged of obtaining justice, by the means within the constitutional
power of the executive, and without resorting to those measures of
self-redress, which, as well as the time, circumstances and occa-
sion, which may require them, are within the exciusive competency
of the Legislature.
It is with great satisfaction that I am enabled to bear witness to
the liberal spirit with which the Republic of Cokanbia has nude
satisfaction fur well-established claims of a similar character; and
among the documents now communicated to Congress will be dia.
linguistic(' a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with ti,at Repub..
lic, the ratifications of which have been exchanged since the last
recess of the Legislature. The negotiation of similar treaties with
all the independent South American States has been contemplated,
and may yet be accomplished. The basis of them all, as proposed
by the United States, has been laid io two principles—the one of
entire and unqualified reciprocity ; the other the mutual obligation
of the parties to place each other permanently upon the footing of
the most favoured nations. These principles ere, indeed, indispen-
sable to the effectual emancipation of the American hemisphere
from the thraldom of colonizing monopolies and exclusions—an
event rapidly realizing in the progress of human affairs, and which
the resistance still opposed in certain parts of Europe to the ac-
knowledgement of Southern American Republics as independent
States will, it Is believed, contribute more effectually to accomplish.

The time has been, and that not remote, when some of those States

might, in their anxious desire to obtain a nominal recognition, have
accepted of a nominal independence, clogged with burthensome
conditions, and exclusive commercinl privileges granted to the 111.
Lion from which they have separated,to the disadvantage of all others.
They arc now well aware that such concessions to any European
nation would be incompatible with that independence which they
have declared and maintained.
Among the measures which have been suggested to them by the
new relations with one another, resulting from the recent changes
of their condition, is that of assembling at the Isthmus of Pimento
a Congress, at which each of them should be represented. to deli-
berate upon objects important to the welfare of all. The Re-
publics of Colombia, of Mexico, and of Central America, have
already deputed Plenipotentiaries to such a meeting: and they
have invited the United States to be also represented there by
their Ministers. The invitation has been accepted, and Ministers
on the part of the United States will be commissioned to attend
at those deliberations, and to take part in them, so far as may be
compatible with that neutrality from which it is neither our inten-
tion, nor the desire of the other Ametican States, that we should
depart.
I'he Commissions under the seventh article of the Treaty of
Ghent have so nearly completed their labours, that, by the Report
recently received from the Agent on the part of the United
States, there is reason to expect that the Commission will be closed
at their next Session, appointed for the 22d of May of the ensuing
year.
The other Commission, appointed to ascertain the indemnities
due fur slaves carried away front the United States. after the close
of the late war, have met with some difficulty, which has delayed
the progress of the inquiry. A reference has been made to the
British Government on the subject, which, it may be hoped, will
tend to hasten the decision of the Cotunnissioners, or serve no a
substitute for it.
Among the powers specifically granted to Congress by the Con-
stitution are those of establishing uniform laws on the subject of
bankruptcies throughout the United States, and of providing fur
organising, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing
such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United
States. The magnitude and complexity of the interests affected by
legislation upon these subjects may account fur the fact, that long
and often as both of them have occupied the attention, and ani-
mated the debates of Congress, no systems have yet been devised
for fulfilling, to the satisfaction of the community, the duties pre;
scribed by these grants of power. To conciliate the claim of She
individual citizen to the enjoyment of personal liberty, with the
effective obligation of rivals contracts, is the difficult problem to

The condition of the various branches of the public service re-
sorting from the Department of War, and their administratiuts
during the current year, will be exhibited in the Report from the
Secretary of %Far, and the accompanying documents herewith
communicated. The organization and discipline of the army are
effective and s..tisfactory. To counteract the prevalence of desertion.
among the troops, it has been suggested to withhold from the men
a small portion of their monthly pay until the period of their dia.
charge ; and some expedient appears to be necessary to preserve
and maintain among the officers so much of the art of horseman-
ship as could scarcely fail to be found wanting, on the possible
sudden eruption of a war, which shnuld not overtake us unprovided
with a single corps of cavalry. The Military Academy at West
' Point, under the restrictions of a severe, but parental, superintend.
ence, recommends itself more and more to the patronage of the
eatinn ; and the number of meritorious officers which it forms and
introduces to the public service, furnishes the means of multiply.
ing thr undertakings of public improvements, to which their. ac.
quircments at that institution are peculiarly adapted. The school
of artillery practice, established at Fortress Monroe, is well suited
to the same purpose, and may need the aid of further legislative
provisions to the same end. The reports from the various officers
at the head of the administrative branches of the military service
connected with the quartering, clothing, subsistence, health, mid
pay, of the army, exhibit the assiduous vigilance of those racers
in the performance of their respective duties, and the falthfhi ac.
countability which has pervaded every part of the system.
Our relations with the numerous tribes of aboriginal natives of
this country, scattered over to extensive surface, and so dependent,
even for their existence, upon our power, have been, during the
present year, highly interesting. An Act of Congress of the 23;h
of May, 1824, made an appropriation to defray the expensea of
making Treaties of Trade and Friendship with the Indian Tribes
beyond the Mississippi. An Act of 3d March, 1025, authorised
treaties to be made with the Indians for their consent to the making
of a road from the frontier of Missouri to that of New Mexico ;
and another Act of the sanie date provided for defraying the ex-
penses of holding treaties with the Sioux, Chippeways, Illenome-
nees, Saux, Foxes, &c. for the purpose of establishing boundaries.
and promoting peace between the said tribes. The first and the
last objects of these Acts have been accomplished; and the second
is yet in a process of execution. The treaties which, since the
last Session of Congress, have been concluded with the several
tribes, will be laid be'ore the Senate for their consideration, con-
foolishly to the Constitution. They comprise large and valu-
able acquisitions of territory and they secure an adjustment
of boundaries, and give pledges of permanent peace between seve-
ral tribes which had been long waging bloody wars against each
i other.
On the 13th of February last a treaty was signed at the Indian
Springs, between Commissioners appointed on the part of the
United States, and certain Chiefs and individuals of the Creek
Nation of Indians, which was received at the seat of Uovernment
only a few days before the close of the last Session of Congress and
of the late Administration. The advice and consent of the Senate
was given to it on the 3d of March, too late to receive the sanc-
tion of the then President of the United States It was ratified tot
the 7th of March, under the unsuspecting impression that it bad
been negotiated in good faith, and in the confidence inspired by
the recommendation of the Senate. The subsequent twine.
tions in relation to this treaty will form the subject of a septrate
Message.
The appropriations made by Congress for public works, as we:l
in the construction of fortifications as for purposes of internal im-
provement. as far as they have been expended, have been faithfully
applied. Their progress hss been delayed for want of suitalifie
officers for superintending them. An increase of both the Corps of
Engineers, Military and Topographical, was recommended by my
predecessor at the last Session of Congress. The reasons upon
which that recommendation was founded subsist in all their force.
and have acquired additional urgency since that time. It may also
be expedient to organise the Topographical Engineers into a corps
similar to the establishment of the Corps of Engineers. The Mi-
litary Academy at West Point will furnish, from the cadets annu-
ally graduated there, officers well qualified for carrying this measure
I into effect.
• The Board of Engineers. for Internal Improvement appeinte
for carrying into execution the Act of Congress of the 30th of
April, 1824, " to procure the necessary surveys, plans, and esti-
) mates on the subject id and canals," bare been actively sty.