The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1824-03-12 00:00:00

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ay reentries or Taa ioars
Mr. TRELWALL'S ORATO,IICAL and CRITICAL LECTURES on
bilmtbrk:ANl and tn. DRAMS, we.
Tills kr LoillNtl.
Introductory Reeltatiuns.
The Melo•Mutiu•Drarwitte Prologue, and Collhers Ode onthe Passions.
PART I.
(In the ROMAN TRAGEDIES of SHAKSPLARE, ADDISON. and
Nome modern Drama( nits ; w.th Critical Notice+ of the late AMIN
EMBLE and Mrs. bIDLIoNS, and on the merits and detects of the
Ke,nbie school: with a word, by the way, on Messrs. YOU All, KEAN.
and MAuItEADV ; and ou tne Moto-Driusiatie rage of venal* Actors.
PAST 11.
RECITATION!: of the oitsrouicAL PORTION of JULIUS
C.E.tAR ; to eularlude with ANToNrs ORATION.
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The 811 l TIMM PIES/ commenced publishing yesterday morning
at hi lf-past Fire o'clock.

LONDON. FRIDAY, MARCH 12, 1841.

Lord Althorp brought forward a very weak and ill-
advised motion last night respecting a convict of the
name of Hughes, transported from Ireland some time
since for administering illegal oaths, and seducing indivi-
duals to become weinbers of the Ribbon Lodges in Ireland.
The motion of the Noble Lord went to charge Lord Wel-
lesley's Government with a breach of faith, in the depor-
tation of this inrn ; as if a treaty could have been enter-
ed upon by the Government of the Noble Marquis,
with a body of men ur their delegates, engaged in
secret associations of the most illegal tendency, and a
dangerous conspiracy against the fundamental laws and
institutions of the land. It may be unfortunately neces-
sary sometimes, in dangerous exigencies, for a Government
to treat with traitors, and let an individual go unscathed,
for the purfose of getting to the bottom of a secret league,
and thus timely preventing the consequences that might
otherwise follow without prevention. But what Govern-
dient could he weak and infatuated enough to listen to
such propositions as those strangely made by a gentleman
of the Irish Bar, on the part of a convicted felon,
whose Counsel it appears be was ? The object of
the Irish Government, in the prosecution of Hughes, the
Ribbon Leader, was to extinguish, if possible, all dan-
gerous secret associations, among which the Ribbon Lodges
were conspicuous; and was Lord IVellesley's Government,
after he had been convicted on the strongest evidence,
weakly to free this man from his sentence, that he might
make a mock procession through the county of Kildare,
~n 1 the neighbouring ones, where the haunts of the
Ribbonmeu were established, and while he (Hughes)
openly affected to preach submission to them, secretly take
every measure to confirm these deluded individuals in their
worst prejudices and engagements ? Any such act on
the part of the lr.sh Goveniment would have been most
weak, and deserving of the strongest ridicule and emidem-
widen. If any well-founded charges can be brought
agaibst the broad, general policy or integrity of Lord W
lesley's Government since he went to Ireland, let them be
made, and they wall be fairly met, and as fully refuted;
but paltry skirmishing of this sort, with a few convicts
and Ribbonmen in the Hanks of the Noble Lord and
his party, only chews the utter weakness of those who
would be serious enemies, if they bad the means or
strength to enable :them to act with any real efFect.
Had the Irish Government or any of its members been
so weak as to enter into a treaty with the convicted
Ribtoa Latlrr, and loose him in his hopeful mission
to furtl e • eilisch'ef, like au tannuzzled blood-bound,
then indeed Lord Althorp's motion of censure, in dif-
ferent language, and with better grounds, might justly
be brought forward, and call down well-deserved censure
from a large majority ou the beads of that Administration
who could be so culpably infatuated. All secret Asso-
ciations, particularly in Ireland, are most dangerous
and illegal ; and that of the Rib:women, though in-1
ferier in guilt and atrocity to the Orange Societies, is
et criminal and alarming in a very high degree.
I'he Ribbonman, on being initiated into this Asso-
ciation, swears as follows:—" I, Thomas Hughes (the
" convict in question), with the sign of the Cross do
" declare and promise, in the name and through the mist-
" once of the Blessed Trinity, that I will endeavour to
keep inviolate all the secrets of this Board, or Fraternal
" Society, from all but those whom I believe to be the
" regular numbers, 'and bound in the same fraternal ties."
This is a most fo.unielible oath. If there be nothing im-
proper in the spirit and object of this combination, why
this foieinn abjuration and pledge of secrecy? Can
the Government of Ireland suppress the Orange Asso-
ciations with one band, and with the other let a RibH
Lou Council loose? Would this be equal and impar-
tial justice? Would it be excused by the mockery of a
general surrender, and the suppression of the entire con-
federation on the deputed in ssiou and summons of the
felon Hughes? There is no Government of sense or fii4.-
action but must have laughed such a proposition as
Lord Althorp stated to utter scorn. The Noble borers
motion had the fate we expected ; it fell dead-born before
the entire House ; it hail nothing to give it support, and
was negatived even without the formality of a weak invitation.

The late changes made in the commercial system of this
great country are already felt, in the benefits they have
brought with them, and their consequences arc likely to be
every day more important. The discovery of America, and
a passage to the East Indies by the ('ape of Good Hope,
are, perhaps, the two greatest events recorded in the his-
tory of mankind : their results have already been very
great, even in the three centuries that have elapsed since
these magnificent discoveries were made ; but it is now only
that the lull consequences can be anticipated, and all the
expectations originally attached to them realised. With

India, throughout its vast extent, from Cape Comorin to
the Himalaya mountains, tranquil, and subject to the
power, the laws, and influence of Great Britain ; and all
America, front the falls of Niagara to the Straits of Ma-
gellan, increasing in freedom, industry, and commerce ;
the mighty discoveries of the fifteenth century, in the Old
anti New World, at length are unfolding the *met un-
bounded proapeete, and present an extended view of fu-
ture greatness and wealth, which may surpass, in half a
century, the utmost dream of ambition, and throw around!
this country a greatness and a glory, to which no other
nation in the history of past ages ever yet attained. The
first consequences of the discovery of America and the pas-
sage to the East ladies, were the extension, generally, of
the manufactures and trade of the commercial cities of
Europe. England had then scarcely laid the foundations of
her present immense trade and empire ; the European
tmderte—in place of being manufacturers and carriers for
that limited portion of the world, to which commerce was
then difflised, comprising that part of Europe washed by
the Atlantic Ocean, and those countries which lie round
the Baltic and Mediterranean Seas—became at once the ma-
nufacturers and merchants of the vast and rich coun-
tries of Asia, and had to supply the growing dementia of
the romantic conquerors and rising settlers of Southern
America. Two New Worlds were suddenly thrown open
to speculation and industry, each of them richer and '
more extensive than the Old ; and the market of
America, with increasing population, and resources every
day growing greater, and affording, even under the no- I
nopoly of Spain, an immense,. consumption for the
manufactures of Europe. For
.8 :while monopoly fet-
tered the commerce of both walk aun tngtaPd enjoyed
buta email participation in the bAtellis of trade to either.
During the greater part of the 16th century the Portuguese,
to whom the enterprize of De Gams and Albuquerque
had given the trade of Asia, endeavoured to exclude all
other nations from the intercourse, and claimed, from hay-
big the merit of the first discovery, the sole right of sailing
in the Indian seas. On the fall of the power of Portugal,
the Dutch, soon after their sudden rise into independence
and maritime greatness, succeeded to a temporary ascend-
ancy in Asia, and monopolised in particular the trade of
I the Spice Islands; but the ports of India, and the numer-
ous islands around that country, gradually became open to
the ship* of all countries, and the trade to the Indies was
restricted to exclusive Companies in almost every country
in Europe. Colonization in the East ne►er was extended
as in America; the people of these countries were not so
uncivilised and defenceless as the Americans, and from the
fertility and ancient settlement of the Eclat, it was much
mere poeulous. The natives of every part of America,
except Mexieb and Peru, were wandering hunters; and the,
difference is most essential between the number of shep-
herds and that of savage hunters, whom the same extent
of fertile territory can maintain : in Africa and the East
Indies, therefore, it was more difficult to di,place the na-
tives, and extend the European settlements over the lands
cf the original inhabitants. The genius of exclusive Com-
panies, as a profound writer on the subject remarks, is un-
favourable to coloniration and the extended growth of
new settlements. The Portuguese were the only nation
who carried on the trade, both to Africa and the East In-:
dies, without any exclusive Companies ; and their establish-1
metes at Congo, Angola, and Benguela, on the coast of,
Africa, anti at Goa in the k ast Indies, now the only rem-
nant cf their once extensive, power in Asia, however de-
based by bad government and superstition, present some
resemblance to the Colonic, of America; and are inhabited

. ... . ,
foundation of British power in !Adis was laid by Lord
Clive, within the short period of ao years. England soon
after lost America ; but her empire in the East is now su-
preme; the possession of the Cape of Good Hope is of
the fait importance to her ; it lies almost mid-way be-
tween Europe and the East Indies, and affovela both to her
own shipping and that of other nations Erring and re-
turning, in fresh provisions, fruit, and other neces-
saries, the moat important supplies. Batavia, when
in our possession, should not have been resigned; it is
as important a station between the principal countries
of the East Indies, as the Cape of Good Hope is between
them and Europe. Batavia lies in the most frequented
'passage from Hindostap to China and Japan, and Is placed
in that navigation nearly mid-way. The greater part of
the ships that trade from Europe to China touch, on the
passage, at Batavia ; it is, besides, the centre and principal
mart of what is called the country trade of the East In-
ches. Vessels navigated, not only by Europeans, but by
the natives of China and Japan, of Tonquin, Alalacca, Co-
chin-China, the Island of Celebes, and other places, are
constantly to be seen in its ports. Batavia, now in the
1 hands of the Dutch, is therefore a colony of first-rate im-
portance, and the policy that resigned it out of our hands
at the close of the last war, is universally regretted and re-
probated. The system pursued by the Dutch throughout
their settlements in the East Indies, has been equally de-
solating and oppressive. In the spice Islands, for the pur-
pose of preserving the monopoly of this profitable com-
merce, they formerly burned all the produce of a fertile
vason, beyond the quantity which they calculated would
bring with it a large profit in the markets of Europe. By
their tyranny they desolated the alolucca Islands, and re-
duced the population of several of toern to a number
barely sufficient to produce fresh provisions and necessa-
ries to supply the:r trretehed garrisons, and the vessels
that came there for a supply of spices. The policy of
Great Britain in the Bait never was conducted on the same
system ; her first acquisition of empire may have been
marked with sonic flagrant crimes, but her government, as
strewn, existing through the wide extent of Ilindostan,
bungs aecurit end tranquillity in its train. The fabrics of
India, former so abundant in Europe, have nearly been de-
li
stroyed by Bri ab machinery and speculation's and the heavy
duties on East Inuit' sugars, prevent our trade affording
that relief M the peaceful cultivators of the soil which they
would otherwise receive. It is the principle of all compa-
nies, to keep out as much as possible all mumetitors from
'the market of the countries subject to their government,
and to reduce at least some part of the surplus produce of
those countries to what is barely sufficient for supplying
their own demand, or to what they can expect to sell in
Europe with that profit they may think sufficient. As
sovereigns of the country they govern, and as mer-
chants trading there, their interests arc different. We
have settled no colonies iu !Lille to this clay : those
who go out to Asia, do fro only to make as large for-
tunes as they can, and their return ; their children are
carefully recoovtd from the enervating taint of Asiatic
manners and customs, and sent to Europe to ba educated.
There are, thus, few permanent residents in India; hut one
generation of temporary settlers succeeds another in govern-
ment and office ; the half-castes alone remain, and arc
growing up in alarming numbers. Our power and com-
merce in the East are magnificent as at present existing:
bow long the basis on which they rest can be main-
tained, is another question, and nue that futurity alone
can answer. But our manufactures anti industry are
now also finding a vast and rising market in the
IVesteni world; a subject which, with the restrictions that
formerly fettered our trade through the Navigation Act
and other prohibitory statutes, and lately in a considerable
degree repealed, will form interesting matter for future
articles. The subject is one of pre-eminent importance,
and cannot be too fully canvasst d.

FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE.

The Duke of Nap&lk entertained adistinguished party at din-
ner yesteidat, at hhi house in St. Junes's-square.
Count Ideven vvil! give a grand dinner on Surday next at Ash-
bumhani I lot:se.

The 3larguis.of Lanadown has issued cards of invitation fur a
dinner party, on Tuursday, the 18th lust.
'1 n Dawager Alsrchioneas of ilevrord gave her first rout fee the
smison yseitentay evening, tither house in Manchester-squarer which
was very fashionably attended.
Lady lillenborough entertained a large party of distinguished
fashionable' on Wednesday evening, at Cambridge House.
The Dowager 3larchioness of Salisbury had a dinner party yes-
terday, -at her house in Arlingion-street.
Lindy Marchioness of Londonderry had a grand dinner party
yesterday. at her house in St. James's-square.
Mrs. Benyon has issued cards of invitation for an entertabbient
on the 23d inst., at her house in Grosvenor-square.
The Dowager Marchioness of Lanadown and Miss Gifford have
arrived at their house in Albemarle-street, for the season, Rom
Hampton Court.
The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Smith left town yesterday for
Relvnir (:astle, on a visit to the Duke and Duchess at Rutlaml
Earl Burford has arrived in town from Hatton, Surrey.
Lord and Lady Langford and 1.-nily have arrived at their house
In Berkeley-square, titan their seat, Englefield-green, Surrey.
The lion. W. 0. Powlett has arrived at his house in Curzon-
street, from his set in Leicesteshlre.
Sir George Rose, M.P. has arrived at his house, Old Palace.
yard, ft?n:ihissest in Hants.

sir H. 31artin, Bart. has arrived at his house in Upper Harley-
street, fram his seat in Berks.

The Earl of Rosalyn is expected in town in a few days, from his
seat in Scadand.

Eiihi;4liotris , Esq. has arrived at the Pulteney Hotel, Albe-
marle-street, from his seat, Engle&ld Green. Mr. and Mrs. Price
have left for the Continent.

Arrivals at tirillon's Hotel, Albemarle-street:—Count Fun-
ehidl. from Worthing; and T. lionnar, Esq. from BrighuM—
The Marquis of Huntly left for liiiiibulton Castle; also Lady
Shelley, for her seat in Sussex.
Sir Charles and Lady Monck and family arrived yesterday at
their house in Wismvole.strem, from their seat in Yorkshire.
Departqms from Fenton's Hotel, St. James's-street :—D.
Brown, Esq. M.P., for his seat in Ireland ; IL F. Hineheldf; Est
for his in Clain betland and M. IVyvill, Esq. M.P. for his
seat in YAire.

The Duke of York, Prince Leopold, the Duchess of
Kent, the Duchess of Gloucester, and the Princess Sophia,
visited the Duke and Duchen of Clarence yesterday, and
partook of a dejeutti.
The Duchess of Gloucester, and the Princess Sophia,
visited the Duke of York yesterday.
The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester had a grand even-
ing party on Wednesday, to meet their Itofillolpl:gneasee
the Duke and Ducheui of Clarence, Wce in hl, the
Duchess of Kent, &c. The company were gratified with
the performance on the grand piano-forte, by young
Aspull, the musical child, only eight years of age, who
lately had the honour of performing before the 'King at
Windsor.

Prince Leopold honoured the Duke and Duchess of
Somerset with his presence to dinner on Wednesday.
The Duke of Argyll, Alderman llevgate, and a number
of others, were too late for the !Zing a Levee. They ar-
ived at the Palace after his Majesty had left the Levee
ooro, and the door was closed.

LOrd Granville, the British Ambassador, arrived at the
Hague on the 4th.
Dr. Meyriek had the honour of presenting to the King,
at the Levee on Wednesday, his splendid work on Ancient
Armour, when his Majesty was pleased to express his ad-
miration of the book.

Monday last, the Sth of March, the remains of Sir Thos.
Reid, Dart. were interred in the family vault at Ewell.
Seldom has been witnessed so general a demonstration of
grief as was evinced on this occasion. The funeral was
attended by a long list of relatives and friends ; every
house in Ewell was closely shut up ; and, notwithstanding
the inclemency of the weather, the inhabitants, in deep
• mourning, joined in the melancholy scene—thus proving
their sincere regret for the loss of a beloved friend and
benefactor, and the respect which they universally felt for
departed virtue and benevolence.
It is supposed that the Austrian Courier who arrived
here on I uesday, was the bearer of very important
despatches from his Government. lle arrived in Calais on
Sunday evening last from Vienna in six days, but was de-
tained until Tuesday by the violence of the gale. Such
was his anxiety to cross, however, that he offered a largo
sum of money for that purpose, but no person could be
hisad 111 teasers eel. .

FAIL:I PAS IN HIGH LIFL—The lady of Mr.
resident in one of the squares of Dublin, recently eloped
with the Captain of a dragoon regiment. She is the mother'
of three children, one an infant, which she took with her,
and is about twenty-five years of age.
Avesta or Mem, it.—A misunderstanding took place
between Mr. Edward O'Grady, jun. of Stephen's-greets,
East, and Mr. Edmund Casey, son of Mr. Casey, of Ely-
place, Police Magistrate, when leaving St. Peter $ Church,
alter divine service, on Sunday last. The affair originated,
it is said, in some remarks respecting the late affair between
Mr. Spring Rice and Mr. Waller O'Grady. Warm lan-
guage produced blows, and arrangements were subsequently
made for a meeting yesterday morning. The police bay-
ing heard of the affair, however, Mr. Goodisson, chief
peace-officer of College-street office, succeeded late on Sun-
day night in taking Mr. O'Grady into custody, when he
was bound over to keep the peace, himself in one thousand
pounds, and two sureties in five hundred pounds each.
The united ages of both gentlemen do not amount to
hirty -eight years.—Dublin Freeman's Journal.
At Or present time there is a very great want, in the port
of Livelloool, of shipwrights. Every one in the town has
fu'l emph.vment, and we undetetand that hundreds more
might be einployed—indeed the want of more hands oc-
casions serious inconvenience. In Chester, although there
are a consideraitle number out of employ and even in dis-
tress, not one dare come to Liverpool, because it would be
contrary to the revilations of the Liverpool Shipwrights'
Soeiety.—Lirerrool Parr.
The General Committee of the National Society for the
Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established
Church, held their meeting at St. Martin's Vestry Room,
on IVednesday. Eight fresh schools were united to the
Society, and several grants of money were made towards
the establishing of schools; amongst others, a very liberal
donation for building schools upon an enlarged plan, to
meet the increasing population at Brighton.
Several German journals have stated that the Emperor
Alexander was indisposed; the St. Petersburgh Gazettes,
to the date of the 11th of February, make no mention
of it.

Yesterday intelligence was received that the Chinese
have refused permission for the English vessels to load tea
at Canton. India Stock, which on Wednesday was 284,
was yesterday 280. The business done is for time, as the
India Stock is closed for the dividend. It ought also to
be mentioned, that one reason for the falling of the India
Stock is a report that the dividend, which is now, we be-
lieve, 106 per cent. per annum, will be reduced to a much
lower rate.

In the Annual Government Contracts for Hemp, the
Navy Board has advertised for tenders of 2,000 tons of
St. Betersburgh, 1,300 tons of Riga, and 1,004 tons of Chi-
lian, or of Italian hemp. This is the first time that the
traders to Chili have had an opportunity offered to them to
supply a part of the consumption of the hemp by the Bri-
tish navy. Russia is not in future to have the exclusive
supply of the British navy with this article, but henceforth
it will be purchased in America, Italy, or in the Baltic, ac-
cording as the interests of Great Britain arc best promoted
by the cheapness of the supply.
By an arrival Nester day from the Havannah we have
advises, slated January It, which state that the Spanish
squadron had returned to that place from the Castle of St.
Juan de Ulloa, at Vera Cruz, after landing some provisions,
of which the Royalists in the Castle were touch in want.
The inhabitants of the Havannah were much disappointed
at the return of the squadron, as it was expected that they
would have remained to blockade the (..ea t. At the date
of these advises the news from Mexico was tranquillizing.
On Friday night last, the silk factory of Messrs. Henry
Barlow and Co. at Macclesfield, took fire, and was entirely
burnt down. This unfortunate event will cause from three
to five hundred hands to be thrown out of employment.—
Derby Ilfercury.
The number of new churches built or in progress, with
the looney already voted for this object, is ninety-seven,
viz.:—ln the diocese of London, 2t ; of Chester, 23 ; of
York, 17 ; of Winchester (which includes part of the vici-
nity of the metropolis). 12; of Lichfield, 7 ; in eight other
dioceses, 11 in the whole. These churches will accom-
modate 131,000 Itersons,_inclutling ftee seats for above
101,000. .