The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-09-19 00:00:00

(Fronk the Journal di Park of Fliday.l

MADaID, SEPT. 6.
The disarming of the Royalist volunteer is at present one of the
subjects that chiefly engage the attention of the Government;
but as the execution of this measure cannot fall to be accompanied
with seriowe Inconveniences, the Minister at War mans to have
resolved on ■ partial disarming, which has already. began to be
carried into effect In several small towns and villages of the pro-
ving of Cuenca and Alearria.

The Police has just discovered at Segovia a new ramification of
the conspiracy of Bessieres. Six Canons of the Chapter of the Me-
tropolitan church of Segovia haft been arrested, in consequence of
this discovery.
The Governor of Tortost, • great partisan of the Apostolic
Junta, has been depdved of his place.
N. Chaperon, Ex-President of the Permanent Military CO M.
Mission at Madrid, has beep arrested, by order of the Polka, on
his way to Badajos, which place had been assigned hid ai his
residence by the AI ini,ter of War.
[From the Ccntllfutka•,Zt
_ _

MADIVD, Sir!. 6.
Whether the tragical end of Dessieres be not.sufficiently known,
or whether, which is more probable, the Apostolic party do not
consider it as a reason to suspend the prosecution of their designs,
it is quite certain that they have made another attempt at Torten.
Four Canons appeared in the public square and barangued the
people, whom they exhorted, in the name of God, to get rid of the
Freemason (the King) and the Negros, and to proclaim Charles V.
The Royalist Volunteers appeared armed, and the rest of the
people who were present, having provided themselves as well
as they could with arms, went in a body towards the fort, crying,
." Death to the Freemason ! Death to the Negros ! Long live
Charles V I" When they came within musket shot they saluted the
fort with a general discharge of their arms, and announced their in.
tcntion of carrying it by force. But a great many officers who
were in the city on unlimited leave of absence, foreseeing that the
result would entail serious consequences upon them, withdrew into
the fort, and sent word to the Insurgents, that If they persisted in
their intention of attacking it the cannons would certainly be fired
at them. This notice induced them to go back into the city, where
they again' proclaimed Charles V. while the castle remained faith-
ful to the King. An officer from the garrison of Tortosa had at.
rived at Barcelona, and given an account of these proceedings to
. _

the Captain General, the Marquis of Campo Sagrado, who sent a
despatch to the Minister of War? A reply was received by a ape.
cial .nessenger, ordering him tip send all his disposable troops
against the rebels of Tortosa, and to carry into execution strictly.i
the decree issued by his Majesty against Bessieres and his accom-
plices, without any regard to the rank of the parties, nor their con.
dition in lfe.

The Continental Jourwilists, German as well as French,l
are all agreed in representing the English Government as
having taken a decided part in favour of the Greeks. By
the subjoined extract from the Nuremberg Correspondent
of the loth inst. it would appear that the conduct of the
'English in the Levant was so notoriously hostile to the
Turks, that the SULTAN in his rage had resolved to seize
all British sulljects in his dominions, and sequestrate their
property but his Ministers had turned his wrath aside by
pointing out the serious consequences that would inevitably
have followed such a measure. The British Charge d'Af-
faires at Constantinople, Mr. TUNNSR, is besieged with
importunities for the redress of grievances. He lives in
great retirement, awaiting, we suppose, the arrival of the
Ambassador, Mr. ST/lA-I-TO/1V CANNING, who is of course
I charged with instructions respecting the matters of com-
' plaint.
FROM rut COAST OT THE MIDITERRANZAN, AIM 27.

According to letters from the Levant, the Porte has lately re- I
edved several memorials, with great complaints of the conduct of
the English. The Capitan Pasha and Redsehid Pitch& sent word
that the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, and the
principal English officers in Corfu, Zante, and Cephalonia, show
great partiality in favour of the Greeks ; that they send them all
kinds of aid, and support their cause in every way possible, to the
great prejudice of the Turks; that the English have supplied Mis.
eolonglii with provisions at their own expense; that several able
English officers had repaired thither to take commands and direct
I the defence of the place, &c. The Commander of the Algerine
squadron placed at the disposal of the Porte, has sent in a report,
in which he complains of the hostile proceedings of the English to.
wards him, and asks instructions how to behave to them in futnre.
Several Paehas In those islands of the Archipelago, which have
hitherto remained faithful to the Porte. gave statements of acts of
violence committed by English men of war, under the pretext that
their merchantmen had been plundered by the Turks, With re-
spect to Commodore Hamilton, commanding the English naval
fere" in the Archipelago, the Porte had been informed that he
shows himself as a decided enemy to the Mussulmans ; that he
maintains the most intimate connexion with the Insurgent Govern-
ment at Napoli di Romania; that he has given to the Greek Ad-
miral at Ilydra counsels which are very injurious to the Turks, &e.
Lastly, the Porte has received recent and positive information of
the arrival of English officers in Greece, and of the actual remit-
tar.ce of large sums of money. All these reports are said to have
greatly incensed the Sultan, and induced him to order the seques-
tration of English property in Turkey, and the arrest of all English
subjects, a measure from which his Ministry had great difficulty in
persuading him to desist, by pointing out the momentous COLlse-
quencts that would ensue from it, iind the great injury that it
would dd to the Porte. 111 r. Turner, the English Ambassador, is
importuned by the Porte with reclamation', grievances, and com.
plaints of every description, and his answer that he will commit:it.
cote them to his Government is no longer regarded. In order to
escape 411 the urgent remonstrances made to him, he adopted the
plan of being quite retired, and cf withdrawing as much as possible
regn-putiftrtntsfrteSS. It lilteWerillybelteettlin Pees Met With
Greeks should succeed in bringing the present campaign to a happy
conclusion, England will formallt recognise their independence..
We have received the New York Mercantile Ailvertirer
of the 22d ult. It acquaints us with the sentence of the
Cours-Martial on Commodore PORTER, for the invasion of
Porto Rico. He is found guilty of having manifested
" an over-anxious disposition to maintain the honour and
advance the intertFts of the service." With this recorded
compliment to his sk.al, he may patiently endure his six
months' suspension.
The Court-martial at Washington hare found Commodore For-
ter guilty of both the charges preferred against his ; and adjudged
that he be suspended for six mo•nhs. The sentence has been ap.
proved by the President of the United State..

The Ist charge made against the Commodore was disobedience
of orders and conduct nnbecoming an officcv, in Miring, while in
command of the United vitates naval force in the %Vest Indies, on
the 14th Nov. 1824, with a part of aid forces, landed on the Island
of Porto Rico, lo the dominion of the King of Spain, in contra-
vention of the law of nations, and a violation of the instructions
limn the United SWIM

In deciding this charge, the Coon feels itatlf called on to ascribe
tic conduct of tl•e accused, which it deemed censurable, to sn over.
anxious dismition on his part to maintain the honour and achancc
the interests of the nation and of the service.

The 2nd charge was, insubordinate conduct, and conduct un►e.
coming an officer.

The following Pleotence of the Naval CourtAtnartial, at Washing.
ton, has been approved by the President :

Lieutenant E. W. Whitlock *lll tried on a charge of neglect of

=amik-,t .

• • ..-

.4 4

duty, fated ell, and sentetield to be *speeded without pay in
emolument, foe the term of two years.
Lieutenant W. M. Hunter was else tried on a charge of neglect
of duty, for permitting a foreigner. by the name of Madrid, to be re-
ceived on board the Franklin, without informing his commanding
officer, but was acquitted. It
The Washington Gazette tisygore Among the 'tatters at the
Court Martial on Wednesday, weobsemee the French Admiral
commanding the lest lately arrived in Hampton Roads.
A new General Court Martial, assembled to try certain
charges against Captain Charles Stewart. Among other charges,
one is,—" In aiding and protecting sundry British, American, and'
French reads, in. carrying on • contlabaud trade with certain
ports in Peru, calla intermedios: in sailing to these ports, and
with a view to his own personal emolument."
The combination system exhibits appearances which we
cannot contemplate without the utmost alarm. It is not
the continuance merely of the unfortunate differences be-
tween the manufacturers and their workman that we
lament, but the spirit which the latter have displayed in
conducting their warfare. It is to this we look as to one
of the signs of the times, and it is not a pleasing one. The
conflict seems to have assumed the shape—and that avow-
edly—of labour against capital, and the language held by
those who bold themselves forth as the organs of the work-
ing classes betrays the influence and activity of men of a
very different cast from those who appear before the cur-
tain. We suspect that in this contest—as often happens in
such cases—they are among the busiest who appear to
stand aloof. Nothing is plainer—putting all controversy
out of the question...than that every man has a right to
a fair remuneratiaOtar its labour, of whatever kind it
maytbe. That " the ybourer is worthy of his hire" is
not always certain. The phrase, indeed, goes current
as a proverbial truth, ►nd, in the moral world, and re-
ceived in a certain sense, It is correct enough ; but in the
manufacturing world, tho exceptions to it are very numer-
ous. The Inference we would draw is, that wages are
matter of pure convention ; where there is superior skill
they will be high, and for the simplest of all reasons,
because superior skill is, of course, rare; it has the value
of scarcity, and it will, on that account, always com-
mand its price ; but that wages can ever be regulated by
the amount required by the workmen to subsist their
families, is not possible ; they may be higher than
will subsist the families of some, they may be inadequate
to maintain the families of others ; this must depend on
the demand for the manufactured article whatever it be,
and its price in the market ; if that price is suclru to
return such a profit on the capital employed as will wan.
rant the workmen in asking higher wages thin is paid to
them, they are morally justified in refusing to work
unless they receive such a price for their labour as the
profit thus. derived from that labour, by their employ-
era, will fairly enable them to give. No principle can'.
be more renthly conceded than this, because no prin-
ciple can be more reasonable. But it is preposterous to
suppose that every workman has a right to sit in judg-
ment on his own qaantum meruit, without reference to
what his employer can aifurel to give. We must not suffer
a false or pretended humanity to beguile us into visionary'
theories. It would be well if wages were always not mere-
IY.flaficient, hptt ulosothan sufacient for the subda ce eff,
those—and the famites of those—by whose labour they are
earned ; it would be well if they were always adequate in
every employment, not only to furnish the convenience+
and comforts of daily fife, but to supply a provision to the
frugal against all the wants that might overtake them when
their strength failed, and to secure them a quiet retreat in
their latter days. But the notions of the working classes,
or of those who profess to represent them, are far from be
well-matured, if they imagine that they have any ab-
stract right to any such provision at the hand of their em-
ployers. It is often more than many of their employers
can obtain for themselves; the return on their capital can
alone regulate the proportion to be deducted from it as the
wages of labour; and any combination which has for its
object to force from them a rate of wages beyond what such
return will afford, is most unjust and oppressive in its prin-
ciple; and, however for a time it may be supported by
numbers, must ultimately entail ruin and misery on those
who enforce it.

It was natural to conclude that the Woaxman's UNION
would produce a counter union on the part of the MA sTERs.
It was not likely the latter would submit to the tyrannical
dictation as to whom they should employ, and whom they
should not; or, that their mills and machinery should either
go on or stand still, according as it might please the de-
legates of the associate clubs to exercise their veto. The
I repeal of the laws respecting the combinations of workmen,
was a measure dictated by that spirit of equal justice, which
must approve itself to every sound mind. It was not a
hasty or an unadvised measure ; it was preceded by a most
anxious and ample examination of evidence, and was re-
commended by a Committee well qualified to weigh that
evidence in all its bearings, and to pursue it in all its
details. Could Parliament have foreseen that the esta-
blishment of combinations in every branch of trade, and
in every manufacturing district throughout the whole
United Kingdom, would have followed the repeal of those
laws, the line of its duty would, no doubt, have taken
another direction ; at all events, it would have taken fuller
security against such a result.

Mr. JOSEPH 110I.NZA, the president of the BRADFORD
UNION, in his address to the crowded meeting, assem-
bled at Fair-weather Green on Monday last, cheers
them in language well suited to the spirit of his prophecy,
" We, my FRI.I.OW-MORLSIEN, are now in the wilderness,
flying serpents are around us ; but we have a JOSHUA, and
there is no doubt but that we shall be safely conducted to
the land of promise." Mystery never makes so good a re-
treat as behind a metaphor. Where this new SoN or NUN
is to carry his working tribei, and what is the -promise held
oat as their *wag 14-eanalhissed foritts, is tust-tit.
plained. Are the walls of our great manufactories to be
thrown down, like those of Jericho, by their trumpets of
rams-horns, and are the looms to be distributed for an in-
heritance among them ?' Does this worthy President
Joscra Ilot.ucs expeot—perhaps lie may—th7t the new
Joanna, when parcelling out the spoils of the vanquished
manufacturers, will say, as his Prototype of old did to the
childrei,of Israel—" And the house of JOSE rir shall abide
is Asir coasts ON THIS NORTH." Something of this kind
may poiaibly be in prospect. There is, however, one fact
that may console us—the leader, we suspect, is, at present,
a long way on this side the promised land.

The Resolutions passed last week at the Meeting of the
Masters at llm ass a, and its vicinity, at which JoN a-
TUAN AcK nom Esia. wns in the Chair, well deverve the
candid and serious consideration of all whom they con-
cern. The concluding Resolution is as follows :
"That this meeting, at the same time, highly deprecate any com-
bination amongst the wmateirs to depress the wars of the labouring
classes below the natural stare of what the trade will justly and
Sirly Olow ; but feel oinvlficed that the measures now pursuing by
the operatives (If pessisted in) will have a tendency to expel the
trade intootherdietriets, *Acre labour is cheaper and the masters
MI employ their capital lhont mole dation, and, consistent with
these reasons, this meetl is decidedly of opinion, that the inju-
rious effects of the present combination must ultimately fall on the
supporters."

Assuredly, if this NATIONAL. CONVENTION-fur it bears
that character very nearly—of the teoliiv classes, should