The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1826-07-22 00:00:00

IN object philanthropy and beneficence, both public and private•
no second had for its *act Intellectual and moral education—the
tietablishment of wheels, particularly on the Lancaster system, and,
la itneral. 00-operation in the instruetitm of youth. To the mein-
kth of this section was confided the inspection of all schools. The
third had for itsobject to watch over the proceedings of the tribu-
nals. Its members engaged themselves not to refuse any judicial
appointment thin should be offered, to fultil their duties with
seal end exactness, to onesenage persons of integrity employ.
ed about the tribunate, sad to denounce to the Govern-
mint those who betrayed their tram The members of the fourth
omits were to devote themselves m political economy, to encourage
lothistry, to consolidate public credk, and to oppose monopolies.
The interior organisation of the society was as follows :—lts foun.
dies were to form the central union. Prem this union was to be
drawn the central council, composed of a president and four asses.
lion. When the members of the central union joined this council,
the omembly took the name of she Central Direction. The central •
council exercised the executive power, and the central direction the
legislative power in the union. The direction had, besides, the
power of nominating a temporary chamber of legislation, to ma-
natee, to explain, and to complete the laws of the union, without
elmeging their object.
it is evident. from this statement. that the authority in this secret
association. and the power of directing it to any object, resided in
the founders or primitive members. t belonged to them to receive
now members, by establishing each • direction. These directions
wave called effective, secondary, and principal. They took the title
of effective directors as soon as they were composed of ten inem-
ben. Every effective direction could establish a secondary one.
whit* load no relation bat with it ; lent it the secondary direction
estoblistusl in its turn another composed of ten members, it became
Independent of its founder. The tide of Principal Direction was
Liven to those which had established three free societies.
The prinapal direction had the prerogative of receiving the
second porta the regulations. In every direction there was elected
• council, composed of an overseer or two chiefs, according as the
affection consisted of ten or twenty members. All affairs, both in
the directions and central union, were decided by a plurality of
votes. The names of the members who had merited well of the
union were inscribed in a book of honour, and those who had been
expelled, in a book of ignominy. They had the right of leaving
the union, but were hound to secrecy ort every thing which they
had learned in it. There was no particular ceremiloy off exception.
The new member put in a written declaration, which was after.
wards burnt without his knowledge. Every member was boand to
give to the common treasury the twenty-fifth part of his anneal
income, but this regulation was so little observed, that only 3.000
rubies were collected in ill, and these were spent for purposes mi-
:on neeted with the objects of the society.
Such. according to the find part of its regulations, were the prin-
ciples and the object of the Society of the Public flood. The
second part was never drawn up, or at least It did not receive the
sanction of the Central Society. The plan of it had been
.presented
by Prince Troubenky ; hut it was not taken into consideration,
and Alexander Motirivieff threw them into the fires with other
papers, in 1822. Care, however, had been taken in the first part
to mention the small, either because they wished to present
smother bait for curiosity, or because they wished to prepare an
opportunity for discovering, one clay, to the new it:timbers of the
Society the true intentions of its founders.* The latter besides
were far from conforming exactly to the dispositions of the first
part of the regolstions. In the establishment of tile directions, the
order prescribed in this respect was rarely observed. There were
two formed at Moscow; the first under the presidency of Alexander
nlouravieff, who resided some time in that city after having retired
iron) tie service; the second under the presidency of Prince 'fneo.
tore Schakousky. Both continued but a short time. There
were two also at Petembuigh, presided by Sementiff, tbe officer of
tf e Chasseurs, and by Colonel Bourteoff. Their members, though
divided into directions, assembled wherever they pleased, and fol.
lowed no fixed rule in this respect. Free societies, almost hide.
pendent of the Society of the Public Good, were formed in like
manner at St. Petershorgli. Two were established in the regiment
Ismailovsky ; one by Prince Eugene Oholensky. by James
Tolstoy, end by the Assessor of the College Tokareff, since de.
Leased ; the other by Senienttff; the officer of the chasscurw. Neither
subsisted mere than three months. A third free society was founded
by Cottmel Winks, according to the depositions of the titulary
Cuuncillor Sernenoff, who himself formed part of the societies and
Jo:venoms above-mentioned.
_ _

in Little Amish, Novikofrformed, or tried to form. n secret So.
c:ety, by uniting it to a lodge of flee-mason', which he called pre.
1. trilogy ; but according to the testimony of Matthew Mottravieflr-
A postol, he only aimed at procuring money, and neither hts so.
etery nor his lodge made any proselytes.
As for Petite' Nikita Mourayiefldeclaren that he had not ac-
knewlcdged the authority of the sew union, and that he had
itboured on other principlen, at first at Mittan, and afterwards at
fault:ars. Pestel, on the contrary, pretends that he had ac-
qweseed, like all the eth.trs, in the regulations of the union of the
public good —regulatiens called the Omen Book, from the colour
of Ps binding: Besides, ati the activity of this secret nssociation
was Pined in the central union, and its principal object was to
multiply the number of members, especially at Petersburg!), where
the principal part of the central direction was. In the mean time,
It we may trust to particular data, which have not been confirmed
by the confessithis of the accused, the members of this direction
aka were preparing to influence the public opinion by means of a
cheep journal, by songs. and by caricatures; and they wished for
tan purpose to establish a lithography out of the country, end a
pens in some village remote front both capitals.

One fact averred it, that there were among them conversations
• debates on the different forms of government, which many of
the members of the union could not consider as formal deliberations.
According to Pestel, and some others, from the establishment of the
first Society (called the Union t'f Safety, or of the Children of the
Country), the founders, as has been already remarked, had con-
ceived constitutional ideas, but very vague ones, and such as ap-
picasebed to monarchical mincioles. The first idea of a Republican
tioveznaient was started by Novikoff In his plan of a Constitu-
tion. According to Puitel also, at the beginning of I/;211, a sitting
of the Central Direction was held at St. Petersburgh. ns being in.
vested by the regulations of the union with the legislative power.
In this Pitting, on the motion of a member who filled the office of
a surveillant, Pena made an enumeration of the advantages and
inconveniences of • monarchical government and of the republican
government. After many discussions it was put to the vote.
• All," rays the same criminal, " declared that they pteferred the
republican government (and Nicolas Tourguener, among oth,ra)
in the words, ' A President without phrases.' Colonel thinks,
▪ was of a different opinion. Ile undertook the defence of
the monarchial government, and propased tearer the Crown to the
Empress Elizabeth." Pratel asserts, besides, that it vas resolved
that the decision of the Central Dir. etion, which adopted the re-
p, :bliean
form, should be transmitted to all the other directions,
and that accordingly be communicated it himself to that of T001e-
...) a. Dating front this epoch, he adds, republican ideas gained
the ascendancy over monarchical ideas, though many members still
asserted that if the Emperor Alexander gave Russia good laws (in
their opinion) they wetaid be his devoted subjects and his defentlets.
Nevertheless, the depositions of Colonel Pestel are not all con-
firmed by the other criminals. One of them, Glinka, pretends
that all that has been related above passed not in a formal delibe.
ration of the members of the Central Direction, but in a private
conversation on different political subjects.
Von der Itrigen maintains that the greater part of the members
veaent were neither prepared for a discussion of this sort, nor for
giving any definitive vote whatever ; that, among others, Olinka
and he roused to give any ; that Tourguetitif, instead of the words
artrituted to him, had said simply, •• A republican government
with a president is very good. but in general all depends on the
manner in witkit the national representation is composed." The
titular C'ouneillor, Semenoff, adds that no decision was made, and
aria the deliberation terminated with a discussion, in which Colonel
tiltoka endeavoured to show that no government but a monarchical
• mild subsist io Russia. In short, none of the accused make men.
:ton of the proposition concerning the Empress Elizabeth.
Farther, all the circumstances of this meeting had, according to
tle depositions of Nikita Alouravielf, no influence on the ideas of
the generality of the members of the Association. and gave rise to
to order to the directions, with the exception of that of Toulczyn.
In serval subsequent sittings, there was no longer any question
concerning a republican government, and nothing was discussed
but changes in the organization and proceedings of the Ilnirm of the
Public flood. Pastel himself deposes, that not only since the for.
malice of this union to its dissolution, there was not ens single
!stied principle adopted, but that, on more titan one occasion, what
:tad been unatimoualy yew:yeti had some hours later been unani.
:-ously changed. It is to be observed, however, that soon after the
,laliberation or conversation of which we have given an account,
r any of the individuals who had taken part in it had another meet-
tag, as Pastel asserts, fortuitously, and that, continuing their
creceding discussions, ote of them suggested the idea or attempt.
inn the life of the Emperor Alexander. Nikita illouravieffaffirms,
that with the exception of himself and Pastel, all rejected this pro-
position as criminal; that all maintained that the frost con-
%matinee of such a crime would be a disastrous anarchy; and
"list Pastel having replied that it would be easy to prevent it
y the eatablisliment of a Provisory Government, composed of
then:bets of the Society. all rose up against hint with warmth.
But it we may believe the deposition of Serg Illouravieff alone,
t'is horrible prowl-anion being renewed in a meeting afterwards,
was AdO:oted be a majority of votes. Among those who were pre.
..r,t, he only recollects' himself, Nikita alouravieff, and Pestel.
(To be continued.)

• its intsntibns did not lung continue secret, and all the members
penetrated the tetteL

HAMBURGH PAPERS.

ODESSA, .11'NE 16.
The arrivals of wheat from Poland are beginning to be daily
• pos considetable ; and as the exportation is in proportion inconsi-
derable, the owners are obliged by the limited demand. and con-
sequently low ptces, to warehouse their corn, which has caused
.arshouse rent to rise 50 per cent. 'f he permission to import a
•tnrll quantity of wheat into England appears not to have the
slightest influence on our market, and as there is no hope that im-
twrtation into Spain will be permitted, and the accounts from
.llarseilles, Leghorn, and Genoa, are not such as to incite
',retaliation in this article, there is a stagnation in business,
and a cuntitwed Want of confidence among the merchants, which,
perhaps, may cease, as it is much to be desired. through the influ-
ence of fortunate occurrences in the commercial world.

Small parcels of 31erino and improved wool of this year arst al-
ready here, nod the owners of large pucels offer their cloths for Niel
bt)t no vales have hitherto been effected, because the buyers offer