The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-09-06 00:00:00

LORD COCHRA A* E.

On Wednesday afternoon this distinguished Nobleman,
accompanied by his Lady; arrived at the British Hotel,
Edinburgh, in a travelling carriage and four. Thursday
forenoon his Lordship and Lady Cochrane, attended by
Mr. Hobert Scott Moncrieff, drove to the Castle in an open
carriage. The carriage remained on the esplanade while
they walked round the fortification. On the party return-
ing, the crowd assembled at the barrier gate gave them a
hearty cheer, which his Lordship acknowledged by a grave
but affable inclination of the head. Tile), afterwards pro-
ceeded to the Parliament House, and the Advocates and
IVriters to the Signet Libraries, where a similar testimony
of respect was shown by the populace; and subsequently
visited Holyrood House and the Calton Hill.
Yesterday forenoon, at eleven o'clock, his Lordship, ac-
companied by his Lady and suite, visited the chain pier at
Newhaven. About an hour previous to his departure, the
spacious street in front of the British Hotel was completely
blockaded by hundreds of anxious spectators, who greeted
his Lordship with enthusiastic cheering as he passed to
his carriage. Their enthusiasm, however, slid not stop
here,—they proceeded to disengage the horses, with the.
view of-dragging him along Queen-street in triumph, bad
not his Lordship politely declined the honour.
To-day his Lordship leaves town for Vally field, where he'
will remain fora day or two. It is expected that before his
final departure from Scotland, he will return to the Britsh
Hotel. His Lordship has apparently suffered no constitu-
tional injury from his long exposure to a foreign climate,
and every species of danger to which his profession is liable.
His frame is athletic, and, but for a slight bend in the neck,
would he erect. His complexion is hale, and by no means
indicative of a long residence under a tropical sun. He
was plainly dressed in a blue surtout and one of those nar-
row crowned hats lately come into fashion. Lady Coch-
rane is an elegant petite figure, with a considerable share of
beauty. Her features are highly expressive ; and an olive
tinge in her complexion, together with very black hair and
eyt a, give her a Spanish cast of countenance.—Scotrtnan.

It is very generally reported in the political circles of the
west end, that Lord Cochrane has sent in his formal re-
signation to the Emperor of Brazil, declining hereafter to
serve under his flag; and the motives which led to this
singular measure have, we understand, been, within these
few days, the free topics of discussion in certain clubs,
chiefly freqtiented by persons of his Lordship's own cloth.
That his popularity had greatly declined, or rather that a
host of enemies bad risen up against him at Rio, even in
the very palace, previous to his going to Pernambuco and
Maranham, was mentioned in a variety of letters written
home at the time. After the signal services his Lordship
has rendered to the cause of South America, and particu-
larly to that of Brazil, such a termination to his naval
career in the New World would almost require an expla-
nation, particularly as his Lordship has many friends and
some enemies in his native land.—Morning Paper.
New CAT-BLoce.—Yesterday a newly-invented cat-
block, intended for the Druid frigate, fitting at this port,
was tried on board his Majesty's ship Britannia, to prove
I its strength before sending to sea, and the result being per-
fectly satisfactory, it has been delivered over for sea ser-
vice, in order to ascertain the merits of the invention.
This improved block, we understand, is the invention of
Mr. Bothway, gunner of his Majesty's ship Belleisle. It
has been got up in the dock-yard here, by order of the
I Honourable Commissioners of the Navy Board, under the
superintendence of the inventor, and should it be found to
I answer, of which there can be little doubt, its general
adoption will be a great conven;ence to the service. The
chief merits of the invention consist in the decreased weight
of this hitherto cumbersome article (the present block only
weighing about two-thirds of that usually employed), and
in the very great facility with which it may be hooked to
the anchor, in consequence of the alterations in its con-
struction. It is rather remarkable that there had hitherto
been no improvement in the form of this machine within
the oldest memory. We may remind our readers that Mr.
Bothway is also the inventor of the excellent machines for
raising and supporting invalids in bed, now introduced
Into the public hospitals and medical establishments, with
the high approval of the faculty.—Devonpert Telegraph,
Sept. S.
ASSAULT THOM COMBINATION.—Yesterday morning,
I between the hours of seven and eight o'clock, a bricklayer,
(named Patrick Collins, was severely beaten by two men,
also bricklayers, in Bamck-street. It is supposed that the
tense of this assault is, Collins having refused to join
" the body." The assailants have for the present escaped.
—Dublin Evening Bat of Saturday.
STATE or THE CIIOI.I IN SCOILAND.—The weather
for the last fortnight has been extremely favourable for the
operations of harvest, which are in an advanced state.—
The wheat is all cut down, and the greater part carried off
the field and secured. We may safely say, this crop has
turned out little less, if any, than one-fourth beyond an
average, and the quality is of the first description. Some
parcels have already been delivered, weighing 631 be. to the
bushel. Barley is nearly cut down, and will be about an
average, and of fine quality—perhaps superior to that of
last year. A parcel of 21 bolls has been delivered, weigh-
ing 20st. 4 lbs. Dutch, per boll. Oats on carne and dry-
field lands are particularly short of straw, and, as a crop,
may be expected to fall considerably short of an average.—
On the contrary, this has proved an excellent crop on the
moor lands, and is now nearly ready for the sickle. Beans
on the whole will prove short of an average, and of rather
inferior quality. Potatoes, particularly on clay lands, have
failed, and as a crop will not come near an average, although
the quality will be good. Pastures have improved, but not
so much as to afford a full hite.—Stirling Journal.
, A few days since the Hon. Mr. Hill's keeper, at Rea
Rice, near Andover, lately found a hawk's nest with five
young ones. He took three at tha: time, and shot one of
the old ones, leaving two young alive in the nest, and
baited a gin with a mouse close to the nest, to catch the
other old one. Next day he went to the nest, and found
the old one caught in the gin ; but before it was caught
it had worked hard to get food for the young ones ; for in
the asst were found twenty-four small buds of different
, kinds, all very cleanly picked, and without heads.—Hamp-
shire Chronicle.

LITITARr of EA*.+G.f.
No. XXIII.

SAXON IDOLS WORSHIPPED IN ENGLAND,
WHENCE THE NA MES OF OUR DAYS A HE DER[ VED.
The Idol of the Sur fl'om which Sunday is derived,
among the Latins dies .;:ofis, was placed in a temple and
adored and sacrificed to.. He was represented like a
man half naked, with his face like the sun, holding .e
burning wheal with both bands on his breat, signifying his
course round the world ;Auld by its fiery gleams, the
light and heat wherewithe warms and nourisheth all
things.
2. The Idol of the Moox, from which cometh our Man-
day—diet I unrr, anciently MooNday : this idol appears
strangely singular, being habited in a short coat like a
man: her holding a moon, expresses what she is, but
I the reason of her short coat and lung-eared cap is lost in
oblivion.

3. Talmo, the most ancient and peculiar god of the Ger-
mans, represented in his garment of a skin, according to
their ancient manner of clothing; next to the sun and
moon, they paid their adoration to this idol, and dedicated
the next day to him ; front which our Tuesday is derived,
anciently Tutsday, called in Latin dies Mortis. But this
idol is very unlike Mars, whom IVodeu much nearer re-
!sembles than he does Mercury.
4. Wodrn was a valiant prince among the Saxons ; his
'image was prayed to for victory over their enemies, which
if they obtained, they usually sacrificed the prisoners taken
in battle to him. Our Wednesday is derived from him, an-
ciently IVouENsday. The northern histories make him
the father of Thor, and Friga to be his wife.
6. Thor was placed in a large hall, sitting on a bed, ca-
nopied over, with a crown of gold on his head, and twelve
stars over it, holding a sceptre in the right hand; to him
was attributed the power over both heaven and earth, and,
that,as he was pleased ur dispiattel he could aril thunder,
tempests, plagues, &e. or fair seasonable weather, and
cause fertility. From him our Thrirsday derives its name,
anciently Titoasday ; among the Romans, dies Joeis, as
this idol may be substituted for Jupiter.
6. Friga—this idol represented both sexes, holding a
drawn sword in the right hand, and a how in the left, de-
noting that women as well as men should fight in time of
need : she was generally taken for a goddess, and was re-
puted the giver of peace and plenty, anti causer of love and
amity. Her day of worship was called by the Saxons,
FRIOZDAEIi, now Friday, dies Irearris ; but the habit
and weapons of this figure have a resemblance of Diana ra-
ther than Venus.

7. Seater stood on the prickly hack of a perch t he was
thin-♦isaged, and long-haired, with a long beard, bare-
headed, and bare-footed, carrying a pail of water in his
right hand, wherein are fruit and flowers • and holding up
a wheel in his left; and his coat tied with a Ion; girdle:
his standing on the sharp tins of this fish, signified to the
Simons, that by worshipping him they should pass through
all dangers unhurt; by his girdle flying both ways was
shown the Saxons' freedom, and by the pail with fruit and
' flowers, was denoted that he would nourish the earth.
From him, or from the .Romau D ty SATURN, comes
Saturday.
ORIGIN OF THE NAMES
OT THE PRINCIPAL 'maritime, STREETS, &C. IN LONDON
♦ND WESTMINSTER, ?Roil STOW, SPEED, KAITLAND,
Adle-street is in old records called King Adel-street, from
KingAdelstan the Saxon.

Aid-gate, i.e. Old-gate, was one of the four original gates
of the city, being mentioned in King Edgar's reign, in
967. The late gate was re-built in 1609.
Ave-Mary-lane was so called in the Popish times, from
text-writers and bead-tnakera who dwelt there.
Barbican took its name from a watch tower, or burk-
kenning, which stood there, and destroyed by henry 111,
in 1267.

Bloomsbury was anciently a village named Lomsbur7,
in which were the King's stables, till they were burnt in
1334.

Blossom's-Inn, Lawrence-lane, was so called from bay-
ing for its sign St. Lawrence, the deacon, in a border of
b ossoms, or flowers.
Bridewell, so called from its being near a spring called
St. Bridget's or St. Bride's Well, was fortherly the King's
palace, till, in 1593, Edwiedirl gave it to the city as a
workhouse for the poor. It was burnt in 16G8, and rebuilt
in 1632. - - • . ".

Change (Old) waren carted tenni the Ring's Exchange,
kept there for the coining of bullion, 6 henry 111.
Canon-row, from the Canons of St. Stephen's, West-
minster, who dwelt there.

Charing-cross was so called from a cross set up by Ed-
ward 1,. in memory of the Queen, on the spot where King a
Charles statute now standei Charing was then a village.
Charter House, or more properly Chartrcux (so called
from the monastery which stood there, and was dissolved by
Henry VII I. (was founded and endowed at the sole cost of
Thomas Sutton, Esq„ who purchased the house of the
Earl of Suffolk, for 13,0001. It was opened it October,
1614. The estate is now above 60001. per annum.
Cheapside derives its name from there being a market
there, which in Saxon is a cheap.
Clifford's Inn was a house granted by Edward 11 to
thefamily of (Affords, and. afterwards leased, and then
sold to the students of the law.

Covent (i. e. Convent) Garden, was formerly a Garden
belonging to the Abbot and Convent of Westminster. It
was granted in 1552 to John Earl of Bedford.
Cripple-Gate was built bilbre the conquest, and took its
name from the Cripples who used to beg there. It was
repaired in 1633.

Crutched Friars tool its name from a roonestry of the
Holy Cross, suppressed by Henry VIII.
Fleet Ditch, was formerly called the River or Fleet,
being navigable for merchant ships as far as II olborn-bridge.
Goodman's-fields were in Stow's time, the fields and farm
of one Goodman..

Gracechurch-street, formerly _
called from grass or herbs sold there.
Gray's Inn was a home belonging to the Grays of Wil-
ton' who resided there from 1315, till the reign of Ed-
ward 111, when they demised it to the students of the law.
Hick's Ball was erected for a S.asions Hons.; in 1612,
by Sir Baptist Hicks, a mercer.
Holborn was formerly a village called Old-bourne, from
a stream which broke out near the place where the bars
now stand, and ran down the street to Ohl-bourne-bridge,
and so into the River of Fleet, now Fleet-dash. This was
long ago stopped up at the head, and in other p'acea.
Holborn was first paved in 1535.
House of Commons was formerly St. Stephen's Chapel,
being founded by that Kiig. It was new built and en-
dowed by Edward 111, in 1347, anti suppressed by Ed-
ward VI, since which time it has served as a House of
Parliament.
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, belonged to the priors of
St. John of Jerusalem, being the chief seat in England of
those religious knights. It was founded about the year
1100, and suppressed 3`2 Henry VIII.
King-street was so called from its being the Ring's corn-
moh road to and from his palace at ‘Vestatinster.
Langbourn (or Long Stream) was a great stream break-
ing out of the ground iti Fenchurch-street, which ran swif-
ly west, across Gras church-street, and down Lombard-
street, turning south down Sharebon-lane (so styled from
sharing, or dividing) ran in several rills to the Thames.
It has been long stopped up at the head, and the rest of it
filled up and paved over. •
London Stone, of the antiquity of this there is no memo-
rial, save that it is mentioned in a gospel book, given to
Christ Church, Canterbury, before the conquest.
Long-acre, in 1552, was a field, and went by the nave
of the Seven Acres.

was BO

St. Martin's-le-grand, so called from a large college of,
secular priests, founded in 105 G, and suppressed in 1348.
Mark-lane was originally Mart-lane, being a public
mart.

Mewse, so called from the King's falcolna there ancient-
ly kept, was new built for stabhs in the reigns of Edward
VI and Queen Mary. The north aide was rebuilt by
George 11.
The Minorics was an abbey of Nuns of the order of St.
Clare, suppressed in 1339, 30 Henry VIII.
Moor Fields, in 1417, were a moorish rotten piece of
ground, and impassable but for causeways, made for that
purpose, and so continued till 1603.
Paternoster-Row was so called from the Stationers, or
Text-writers, who dwelt there, and who wrote and sold all
sorts of books in use, via. A B C, with the Pater Noster,
Ave, Creed, Graces, &c. There dwelt also turners of beads
(for Catholics) and they were called Paternoster makers.