The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-12-16 00:00:00

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BAYONNE PAPERS.

PARIS, DEC. i 2.
Yesterday the Xing transacted businevs with the
Ibuke of Dondeauville.

The Duke of Wellington will dine to-morrow with
`.laron Rothschild ; his Grace will set out the follow-
'' g day for London.
A letter from Toulouse of December 6, says—
General Laguna, whose arrival in this city we have
already announced, departs this day to assume a com-
-land in Navarre."

The report of a treaty having been entered into by
*;_zpain and Portugal is again in circulation. The ef-
i?etive strength of the Portuguese army is 11,000 men.
In case of necessity, it appears, Portugal would send
4,000 men into Spain. We have received from Por-
..gal some intelligence which may well cause a
`,ange in those dispositions, ii they have been made ;
is, that the province of Braga has just revolted
-Ig,tinst the constitutional system, and that a great
umber of persons have raised the standard of insur-
i-ection.—Gazerre sie France.

For three days past the arrival and departure of
couriers from and to Verona, London, and Madrid,
have been very frequent. Doubtless communications
are taking place between the several Cabinets, relative
to some important resolutions.--/bid.
The Eloile contains the following remarkable ar-
ticle :

" It is surprising that the English Courier should
be so positive in regarding a war between France
and Spain as an inevitable event ; that it holds it out
ac resolved upon, and seems to expect, nay to call for
hostilities. We have been frequently given to under-
stand that the Courier drew its information from high
sources; but, in ibis instance, we must b• allowed to
think it not so fortunate. Indeed, those men, who
take part in great affairs in England, twist know that
7:othing is less decided than the question of peace or
war with Spain ; and that, without compromising the
honour and dignity of the country, the friends of mo-
narchy in France have reason to hope that peace will
r t be disturbed."

The Bishop of Orlessedied in that city on the 9th
ir.stant.

FRINCII FUNDS.--Five per Cents. 88 f. 75c.;
Bank Stack, 1,627 f. 50 c.

• PERPIGNAN, nec. 4.
(lICTAACT OF ♦ PIIFIATII LIZTFAIL)

Lieutenant-General Curial arrived last evening;
general Vasserot remained in Cerdagne, with his bri-
rade. The Marquis of hlataflorithr, Don Joseph
Mora Rosana, his son M. de Gispert, the Baron
d'Ortaffa, Don Juan de Barriro, and Don Juan Barsia,
t! le wreck of the Government and Regency of Seo
DlJrgel, arrived at two o'clock this afternoon in the
mail, from Prades. They alighted at the hotel Lion
d'Or. The Marquis of Mataflorida and M. d'Ortaffa
immediately after visited the Prefect.
Intelligence from the southern frontier of the de-
partment stater, that the troops of Midas, Mosen-An-
ion, Ballester, and Cairal, occupy Olot and Csmpre-
don, and that they have a detachmlpt of 700 men at
St. Laurent de la Monga.

NUREMBERG, DECEMBER 5.
Letters from the frontiem of Italy, of November 28,
state what follows :

" It is said that the Soiereigns have definitively
ndopted certain articles with respect to the differences
between Russia and the Court of Constantinople, the
unqualified acceptance of which they require from the
Turkish Government. It is added, that Lord Strang-
ford has returned to his post. charged with this express
mission. The Austrian lnternuncio, the French Am-
. bassador, and the Prussian Charge d'Affaires, are to
act in concert with Lord STRA NG ?ORD, and to sup-
port his application to the Divan with al! their influ-
ence. It is not said what resolution the Sovereigns
have taken, in case the Porte should refuse to adhere
to the articles proposed."
A UGSBURG, DECEMBER 6.

A letter from the Tyrol announces that his Excel-
lency Count Pozzo di Borgo, who has set out for
Paris, has been charged by his Sovereign with a mis-
sion relative to Spain.

BAYONNE, DECEMEER 8.

The reports of war have, for this week past, as-
sumed such a degree of consistence, that the French
vessels lading for Spanish ports have suspended
their preparations, while the Spanish vessels hasten
to complete their cargoes, in order to return home.
The greatest activity still prevails in all the arsenals in
this place, and the Officers of the Army of Observa-
tion speak of nothing but their approaching en-
trance into the Peninsula, which is already consi-
dered to be certain. However, we do not see the di-
vision of Count d'Autichamp reinforced, and we re-
mark only several regulations of the administration
•ot the military bureaux, which seem to give more
weight to the preparations for war. Notwithstand-
ing, there is a report of the discharge of 1,800 sol•
•diers of the division, whose time of service expires on
the Ist of January, who are to be replaced by 3,000
•conscripts, who are expected from the interior. If
these men should be really discharged, it does not
seem likely that Spain will be invaded so soon as is
believed, unless fresh troops should arrive from the
interior, for it is known that those we have in the
Lower Pyrenees do not amount to 15,000, a force
-quite inadequate to occapy the three Biscayan Pro-
vinces, as is said to be intended. What is true, if we
may depend on the account of the travellers who
arrive from Spain is, that the reports of war have ex-1
c►ted such alarm there, that in case of an invasion a
dreadful crisis may be expected with certainty ; that
all those who are implicated directly or indirectly in
the cause of the conspiracy, or known as enemies to
the system, will inevitably be sacrificed ; and that all

LON DON,
MONDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1822.

The French Papers continue to express surprise at
the war-delusion which they 14tely propagated with
so much zeal. The Duke of WEzzisorost seems to
have terminated his high labours. We have seen
some absurd speculations about his further services in
Paris as assistant to Sir Cu RLES STUART. This is
upon the old idea, that the French Government is
valorously determined to put an end to the Spanish
Revolution, and that it is only the parental influence
of his Grace which can temper the courage of the
BOURBONS with discretion. Eut instead of offering
remarks of our own, we lay M. VI LLELE'S sentiments
before our readers for their amusement. France now
stipulates only for the reputation of every thing valiant
and magnificent. _ _

PARIS, DECEMBER 13.
[Frees the Journal des Debats.)

The preservation of peace between France and
Spain now appears certain. We congratulate our-
selves on having no longer to examine either the
right of interference, or the chances which would have
accompanied its exercise. The strict truth, which we
have stated relative to these que need not be re-
peated, for all enlightened Royalists have adopted
them, and the insignificant fractions of opinions
which reject them, will doubtless think proper to de-
sist front their idle clamours.

We have a different duty now to fulfil ; we have to
make the Spaniards comprehend their position with
respect to France pacific, but not unarmed, and with
regard to Europe, which is no longer immediately
alarmed by the Spanish Revolution, but which is still
afflicted at it, and which, though it renounce the un-
certain means of armed interference, will, neverthe-
less, make an unanimous effort to put an end to a
state of things so contrary to the principles of order, of
peace, and of civilization—the constant aim of the pre-
sent policy, and the truly sacred object of the grand
alliance of Christian Powers.

Let Spain, in the first place, be convinced that
it is not the feebleness of the military resources at
the disposition of her revolutionists which caused
the idea of armed interference to be rejected. This
resolution on the part of Powers incomparably su-
perior to Spain, could not have originated in any
other motive than a conscientious conviction that,
by such a measure, the good of Europe in general,
and of Spain in particular, could not have been se•
cured. The loyal and firm policy of the arbiters of
peace and war, does not recoil from bucb obstacles,.

but from the fear of causing evils 3$ great as these
to which it n•ould willingly put a stop. It is not
weakness which gives way, but wisdom and strength
which stand still.

But after this motive for militaty inaction, what
can be the ulterior views of the Powers with re,zard
to the future state of Spain We are not aware
there can possibly be more than two.

The one would be a cruel indifference, which would
think it useful for the repression of the exalted ideas
of the democrats of Europe, to leave the Spanish Re-
volution to devour itself and perish by its own ex-
cesses, amidst the ruins of an overturned monarchy
and a desolated country.
The other would be a magnanimous hope to make
Spain hearken to the counsels of friendship and the
advice of experience ; to save, by a pacific interces-
sion, those numerous proscribed and incarcerated
classes of victims, whose only crime is the not parti-
cipating in an opinion which is triumphant for a mo-
ment ; finally, to restore to the rank of a civilized and
flourishing state, this generous nation, which, within
the walls of Cadiz, resisted with so much glory the
Usurper of the throne of the Bourbons, and was the
first to hurl a mortal dart into the sides of the colossus
which was overwhelming Europe.
The views of France could not be doubtful : the
hereditary magnanimity of our Kings, the national
generosity, all our feelings are in union with our in-
terests, in making us wish that Spain should again be-
come a powerful and rich monarchy, mistress of a
respectable navy, flourishing and tranquil. We also
know equally well with the Spaniards, that, in order
to insure those advantages to their country, it should
henceforward have a settled and moderate liberty, and
a constitution by which the rights of every individual
way be guaranteed, and the superintendence of public
affairs secured to the enlightened part of the nation.
We are far from advising Spain to purchase tranquil-
lity by the sacrifice of its liberties, and we fear not
even to say that the restoration of an absolute mo-
narchy at Madrid would only prove a fresh source of
alarm to Europe and of misfortune to Spain.
But can the Spaniards deny that anarchy is now
exercising more dreadful ravages in their country than
ever Peter the Cruel, or the Torquenada, could have
committed ? Can they deny that absolute power, now
legally attributed to the authorities, is annihilated
even to the shadow of liberty, of security, and of tran-
quillity ? What individual is secure from imprison
ment, and what prisoner is beyond the reach of the
fatal hammer? Do not the tribunals resound with the
tumultuous cries of a furious multitude, who presume
to dictate to the Magistrate sentences of death? Are
not the clubs the daily theatres of those shameless de- I
claimers who make a jest of exciting the reckless
passions of a blind and ignorant populace? Do not
the soldiery every day revolt against leaders who,
themselves having but lately led the way to insurrec-
tion, can no longer invoke the principles of obedience?
Do not towns, nay whole districts, refuse to pay their
contributions? Such is the disorganization, I will not
say of the Government, but of all society. '
Will it be said that it is a Foreign Power, which, by
giving support to insurgent forces, causes this state
of dissolution? But insurrections exist throughout
the interior of the monarchy, in provinces least acces-
sible to foreign influence; Merino, in Old Castile;
Joannis, in Gallicia ; two or three Chiefs in the moun-
tains of St. Andero ; Jaimer, near Murcia; a whole
corps of insurgents in the mountains of Ternel. Do
all these come from abroad ?

No, it is the spirit of persecution and political ink,-
lerance which multiplies in all quarters and classes this
resistance, those revolts and conspiracies, one of which
does not resemble another, either in its object or opi-
nions. A downright rage for inquisition, condemna-
tion, and proscription, seems to have taken possession
of the Cortes, since their re-establishment in 1820.
Whoever does not agree in opinion with them upon every
subject, is an enemy, a traitor. They scrutinize the
past, and to every quarter they see only guilty persons
to be brought to light and be punished. Out of ten
or twelve little ministerial coteries who attempted to
obtain power, in the course of the six years from 1814
to 1820, none appears in their eyes less culpable
than another. They proscribe those who had sent
them to the galleys, and those who have enabled
them to come out. The most wise, nay, even the
most liberal opnions, if they diverge ever so little
from the infallible system, immediately became poli-
tioal offences. The positions dictated by necessity are
imputed as crimes. The Josephinos are condemned,
although friends to constitutional monarchy. The
Perses are condemned as the partisans of despotism
although they only call for the old Cortes. No pub-
lic man can maintain a reputation for patriotism; the
Jovellanos, the Torrenos, the Martinez de la Rosa,
are decried in succession, and their prudent advice'
rejected with horror; the heroic Quiroga, and the 'I
divine Arguelles fall into disgrace. What do I say ?
the very Ministers of the 7th of Jnne, those pure
Descamisadoes are now attacked by the party of the
Fond (the Zurriago) in the famous journal which
bears that name.

This eternal war of parties, and even of fractions
of parties, would in itself explain the agitations to
which Spain is a prey. But causes of even a more
serious nature have raised civil discord to an extreme
height. An imprudent law, whilst it respected the
dogmas of religion, despoiled tie church of a part of
her property; the Monks, who had so bravely assisted
in defending the national independence, saw them-
selves driven with ignominy from their modest asy-
lums. Thus was a numerous class injured both in its
interest and its honour. soon after the decree rela-
tive to seignorial rights, twice rejected by the King,
and which it was apprehended might be brought for-
ward in a third Session, which would give it the force
of law, spread an alarm not only amongst the No-

hint y, tout all the owners of funded pro:-.erty, menaced
with a diminution of their revenues, and moreover with
a fiscal inquisition of an extremely vexatious descrip-
tion. This decree made a number of men of all
classes, corporations, and whole cities feel that in
every well-organised society there ought to be a pro-
tecting power—a power to maintain acquired rights
I against the ruinous innovations of a legislative power
' misled by a systematic spirit. Whether this guaran-
tee should be looked for in a definitive Royal Veto, or
in a Chamber of Peers, or in a new institution ap-
propriated to Spain, is not the question here; we
only point out a powerful cause of civil discord.
Finally, the insults so unsparingly directed against
the persons of the King and the Princes, both in the
clubs, and under the windows of the palace, have
necessarily alarmed all Spaniards attached to a dy-
nasty become national, and to this hereditary royalty,
upon which is grounded the only hope of preserving at
least some remnant of the foreign possessions.
So many and such serious causes of disturbance
sufficiently prove that it is to her own excesses, her
own faults, and not to the influence of foreigners, that
Spain must attribute the evils to which she is a prey.
Is it not a natural right, and even a duty of good
neighbourhood, to induce Spain to put a stop to those
troubles, which, indisputably, are to us a source of in-
convenience, and even a cause of expense ? Spain alone
can do it; she can effect it under the auspices of her
King, so worthy of her respect, and so jealous of the
happiness of his people; she can accomplish it by
adopting a system of moderation and conciliation
towards all parties, by guaranteeing all rights, and
tranquillizing all existences, and by placing its re-
organized administration upon the basis of a consti-
tution better poised.

What advantages would France and Spain derive
in common from such a happy change ! The Spanish
colonies, wishing to remain independent, would vo-
luntarily charge themselves with a portion of that im-
mense public debt which the Revolution accumulated
upon Spain, which i 3 so alarming to the public mind,
that even the certainty of peace does not improve the
state of the Spanish funds. The most advantageous
terms possible for Spain might be obtained from such
circumstances ; an Hispano-American confederacy
might perhaps be established under an Emperor-
Protector, as M. Golfin proposed—at least trea-
ties of intimate alliance would be obtained from all
these states ; and since, very fortunately, Mexico
and the greater part of Peru are as much attached to
the foetus of Monarchical Government as to their own
independence, it would at least be possible to erect
there two new thrones for the Princes of the blood of
the Bourbons. To effect this de:easement of the revolu-
tions in America, Castilian pride agree that the support
of a naval force is requisite. If Spain refused to adopt
measures an hundred times more advantageous to
herself than to France, if she persisted in alarming us
with the uproar of her civil wars, then would Europe
see herself reduced to the necessity of excluding her
from the community of civilized nations, of breaking
off every diplomatic and social relation, of shutting
her ports against the Spanish flag, of recognizing on
the contrary the organized States in America, and
finally of considering Spain as a barbarous country,
like the empire of Morocco and the regency of Algiers.
Yesterday the King gave a private audiedce to the
Duke of Wellington.
A letter from Toulouse says, the Trappist has set
out for the army in Navarre, commanded by General
O'Donnell.

A letter from Verona, of December 4, contains the
following intelligence, upon the accuracy of which
we can rely :
" You may cons:der it as decided that the Austrian
troops will evacuate Piedmont in three divisions : the
first will commence its march to the Austrian
dominions on the Ist of January next; the
second on the Ist of the ensuing April ; and the third
on the Ist of July—thus in six months the evacua-
tion of Piedmont will be complete."—(Joarrned des
Dtbais.)

French Funds.—Five per Cents. 89 f. 90 c.

The meeting of Parliament being now fixed, people
naturally begin to consider the various questions
which will occupy the attention and call forth the
eloquence of that august body. Of late years ques-
tions of an incidental and temporary nature unhappily
gave too much interest to the assembling of the great
Council of the nation : this year it is matter of satis-
faction to every well-wisher of his country to miss
such sources of political agitation and angry contro-
versy. The stream of politics flows in its old and
natural course, undisturbed by the wasteful storms
of war, or the muddy agitations of pauper patriotism.
The agricultural classes still feel distress and call for
relief, but time and consideration have greatly dimi-
nished the alarm, and strengthened the resolution
with which that subject was at first viewed. Reduc-
tion of taxation is a subject of permanent importance
in this country, overloaded as it is with public debt
and military establishments. In the discussions of
this great question we look for some novelty as we:l
as new interest during the next Session of Parliament
from Mr. CANNING'S peculiar views upon the subject.
The Foreign Secretary is magnificent, liberal, gene-
rous, and even fantastically high-minded in his no-
tions of public expenditure and official salaries. We
confess our partialities for his feelings on this subject
in a different state of our finances ; but in the actual
state of this country we must regard his principles in
this respect, however honourable in their motive, most
mischievous in their tendency. The most proudly
magnanimous and liberal man of business, verging
on bankruptcy, and struggling to avoid that cala-
mity, will not be guilty of fraud or injustice, but he
will most sedulously reduce his establishments, and

curtail his bounty to a degree th other ciiettm•
stances would be mean, discreditable, and almost
dishonourable. We cannot suffer ourselves to sup.
pose that the penetrating discernment and masculine
understanding of Mr. CANNING can really be abused
by what appears to us to be the senseless cant of such
politicians as our Poet Laureate, who preach, or rather
sing, that our present revenue, or even a still greater,
is like the waters exhaled by the sun which are re-
stored to the earth in fertilizing showers. It admits
of no doubt that a large portion of the people are
worse fed, worse clothed, worse housed, and in every
way less comfortable, less respectable, and less moral
than they would choose to be, and would actually be,
if their industry and the fruits of their industry were
free from the severe pressure of taxation. No view
of the question of population can justify this pressure;
on the contrary, it is demonstrable and fully proved
by experience, that one of the worst evils of excessive
taxation is the reckless habits both in personal con-
duct, and in the relations of life, which it generates
and promotes among the lower classes. If, then, it
be undisputed that the actual revenue raised in this
country has this effect, how can it be reconciled with
generous feelings or with common humanity to main-
tain it unreduced ? If Mr. CANNING can persuade
the high and wealthy part of society to take it all ripen
themselves, or at least as much as will leave full power
and vigour of motion and action to the inferior limbs
of the body politic, he may then scout reduction and
niggardly economy as unworthy of a great nation ; but
till then, he is bound to give serious attention—and,
as far as possible, to lend his countenance and aid
to the irksome and even painful labours of Mr.l-4 ars.
But we had not intended to enter into a dissertation
at present upon retrenchment and economy.
The subject of greatest importance, and, alas! of
least hope, is the means of redressing the fatal wrongs
of Ireland. If pathetic reason, intellectual energy,
and electric eloquence, could remove the baneful pre-
judices, and dissipate the groundless alarms which
have hitherto rendered Ireland more like it forest of
wild beasts than a land of human culture and civiliza-
tion, surely the most sanguine hopes would be justified
at the present moment, when the Marquis WELLESLEY,
Mr. CANNING, and Mr. PLUNKETT, are all in Admi-
nis:ration. But the very titles of the volumes which
contain Ireland's unparalleled grievances, we cannot
now enumerate.

The Criminal Code presents a subject of great mag-
nitude and difficulty, but of pressing importance. Its
remission and reformation are worthy of all the learn-
ing, and wisdom, and moral sensibility, of one of the
most enlightened and most eloquent statesmen of mo-
dern times. The House of Commons is pledged to
the consideration of the subject, and the hest interests
of humanity call fora speedy and effectual redemption
of the pledge.
A reform in the representation of the people is also
a subject that will come with more than ordinary au •
thority before Parliament in the ensuing Session. The
desirableness and the utility of effecting such a re-
form as would give free, unchecked course to public
reason in the representative House of Parliament, are
not, in our apprehension, to be questioned by an honest
man. No judicial or ministerial office can be pur-
chased in this country by money ; but it is notorious
that seats for legislators can be bought, and are bought
with gold. We surely may assert, that any reasoning,
however plausible, which defends this state of things,
must, in fact, be absolute sophistry. It unquestionably
is so. The fears of those who dread a change, lest
turbulence and anarchy should ensue, are entitled to
every consideration ; but surely it is unwarranted to
suppose that English society is such a headstrong
wild beast, that it is dangerous to repair the decayed
bridle by which it is regulated. It is nut, at the same
time, to be disguised, that a reform of Parliament, to
be beneficial, or even safe, must be supported by the
property as well as by the intelligence of the country.
That it is so supported has been very strongly proved
by the division on Lord Jolts RUSSELL'S motion. To
this internal evidence we hope the external evidence
of all the counties in England will soon be added. A
representation that would really correspond with the
state of property, the spread of intelligence, and the
true interests of the British nation, would soon redress
the artificial and partial grievances which now occa-
sion so much affliction and crime, and would raise the
British Isles to a state of prosperity and happiness that
would indeed become the admiration and envy of the
world.

It is currently reported in the fashionable circles
that a distinguished widower, whose matrimonial feli-
city has long been the " admiration of the world and.
the envy of surrounding nations," it about to testify
his respect and attachment to the conjugal mate, by
conferring his hand and heart on the btautiful daugh-
ter of a celebrated favourite. We understood, that the
Laureat is actively engaged in writing the
: we are unable to state what mom will be
employed in this production. The author himself has
a strong itching for the hexameters, which he used so
successfully in his apothesis of George the Third ; but
his friends, who admire " Wirt Tyler," and the
Lines on Martin the Regicide," recommend the mea-
sure of the " Curse of Kehanta," as better adapted w
the present occasion.
Cost PARATIVE NUTRITIVE PROPERTIES or rooD.
—A very interesting arid curious Report of this sub-
ject was lately presented to the French Minister of
the Interior, by Messrs. PERCY and VA ciaurt.tx.
two Members of the Institute. The result of their
inquiries is as follows :—ln bread, every 1001bs.
weight are found to contain 801bs, of nutritious mat-
ter ; butcher's mer, averaging the various sorts.
351bs in the 100110. ; French twans, 92Ibs. (n 100Ibs :
broad beans,
.891bs. in 100Ihs. ; peas, 931bs. in
100Ibs.; lentiles, 941bs. in 1001bs.; greens and tur-
nips, which are the most :igneous of our vegetables
used for domestic purposes, furnish only Slbs. of
solid nutritious substance in 1001bs.; carrots, 14Ibs.
in 1001bs. ; and what is very remarkable, as being
in opposition to the hitherto acknowledged theory,
100Ibs. of potatoes only yield 25Ibs. of substance;
llb. of good bread is equal to 2)lbs. or 31bx. of best
potatoes; and 75Ihs. of dread, and 30Ibs. meal, is
equal to 300Ibs. of potatoes ; or, to go more into
detail, Vb. bread and .soz. meat are equal to 31bs. of
potatoes; 11b. of potatoes is equal to 4lbs. of cab-
bage, and 3lbs. of turnips; but Ilb. of rice, broad
beans, or French beans, in grain, is equal to 3lbs,
of potatoes.

those will be expelled who do ant openly declare for
the Constitution. No modification will be admitted
even to speak of it is a crime; the people nre prepred
to brave every thing, and to bury themsdres ander