The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1804-08-23 00:00:00

costattez.

We have in this Journat so frequently mentioned
the Co•qmercial Lebra,., that it is I.ot now necessary
to return to the importance and utility of this col-
leaion, compiled by a titan of literature, who has
been occupied in administrative employments and
other labou's relative to the subjects on which he
treats. Vi e shall only observe, before we give an
account of the contents of the first volume for the
third year, which ha: just come our, that the author
has made some additions and amendments, which
tend much to the moth.nf thi: untkai
M. Penchet, who is the c •nmiler, thought that
his work ought to represent with precision the state
of F i each industry, in such a rr:.itilter as to refute by
Itas, the aggravations of firoe, v. !in, foe want of
better knowledge, describe it much below what it is,
in its perfe2:on and aaivity : he believes also, that
in this he would contribute to assist those of our
manufaaurers and merchants, who aim at forming
estahlishmers superior to those at present existing.

These c.‘nsiderat;ons have det-rmined M. P—eu-
chet to give in his Comm( rf Lewdly, ex-crafts
from the gr at surveys which have been scler.Red in
all the depart:net-its. from the mo,t perfret plans
that have been delivered to the prefeAs, during the
two rats that he h is been minister for the interior.
Each of these slit veys contains, with the most ea
pr 2.;..i In, a stat;:t a,nt of the rn intrfanories, ma-
chinery. I.dsour of industry, produce cl the miner,
and result of curnmcice in each de! artment, which
are all included in this Commtreierl Survey, if it may
be so called.

In transcribhvy, this interesting pm of the exer-
ti,ms of the pirct,!3%, into hi• commercial library, the
author contributes to extend the utility, by inter-
spersing through the different suhjeels re.rl Lifts col-
1. god by the prefects in the several places ; but
these being inclu 'ad in so considerable a work, and
Ewing only as•istants in the aay of commerce, a few
only of tlicir ii ones arc known,

The first voluine for the third rear, which we
now ananunce, of the Conomerriid Liirary,, first gives
us a statement of the manufaaories ot cloth in the
department of the Indre, extra/test front the great
memoir of NI. Alphonse, prefea of that department.
This 4.ltement contains a description of die cloth
manufaCtory of Chateauroue, its importance, the
quality of the cloths made there, and the benefits
arising from it.
We there see, that from the decline of the mann.
faaory of tne Grillon com•tany, who stkce-ded the
old plow etors cf this establishntent, there has arisen
a multande of particular manor-.locks formed on
the plan of the first. In 1765 we could only reckon
in Chatcauroux 00 manufaSarers, at present there
are 9:, besides 76 master workmen, whose employ-
ments ennsis• only in making use of and converting
into slight clot' the wool which is furnished them
by the cultivators.
The clouts that are mantifaClured at Chateau-
rout, are muse .tbout the same as in !VI!), although
the numbcr of workmen is not near so great. 'they
make there in the year, 3,600 pieces ot cloth, which
are much fint.r than common. Thee fine cloths are
five (patters wide, and 24 yurds to the pi"ce, the
common cloths are fmtr quarters wide and yards
to the piece. They manttf,cittre also at eitatean-
tone, from 1,000 to 1;200 cards of slight cl 'the
called drugget, which is half a yard str*.ie. These
two manufaCtOries work u„) 8,010 quintals of wool,
thepro,urd of which is all consumed in France.

The result of these observations is, that the con-
<Airr.ptiJa of this kind of cloth, far from b ine di-
miuial:cd, i. and titAt ,ndustry has by no
means n; ,t.• I.IIIF bu Ter el. notsvi g the Very
pri : • ', and of the oit *sect's, try for its

crtral from the survey ,r : .1-rartment of
th? Indre also contains a vit • Fier ki•.ds of
industry and commerce . ~.
. .

Then iw th^• • • - t e Clia•iber of
Commerce in Lois. c s;•• in ,- on
and cotton cloths, whica tor the .:,in-
cise and methodical manner ,t-llith the iitY.).3 is
there treated; and in which we tin
in fiats, and some inhumation on the trade of cot.
ton cloths, and on the making of tliem.
lo a note which is here add d, we see that th.
general importation of cotton into Europe, averac e-
ing the last nee years, Amounts to Si) millions pounds
weight. yearly.
After this, we find the report of M. Collin, on
the customs; also the taws and revelation. winch
have been made since that report ; s.mte observa-
tions front the Chamber of Commerce, of Anye•s,
on many points of the management of commerce;
memoir from the same chamber, on the distilla-
ii.-41 of grain. mid the importance of juniper trees ;
and so:ne fa..ts and information on different branches
of iadostrs ; an aothentic statement of the exp-irt
trade 4i A, hr Oat Baltic. during the year 1803.
An et: e.t.a lnoma wu:k imputed to M. Sinete, an
old men '• •i of he ' ;stittient Assembly, Secretary
to .t he A 4rictil t oral stsc iery of Marseilles. entitled,
.6 Ctn. r,- • h `4l of CONON. ,re, fdairde,l coi 'wig."
The R-golations of the King of Denmark on
the Ginging I).ini,h Vessels; the Regulati
Ili; Imperial And Royal .Apostolic or: e
Corr t-rc: Jl. I Ninif.ltiOil of 11:S Sl.l'' • :
the Vi.lr ; CIC Regolation of His
ems the Commerce And NA..igatiun of his Subjeas
ciat hig the X+ ..t."
A Mermir of the Conneil of Agricultore, Arts,
and Commerce, of the Department of the Lesser
Loire, on the C.•mcarouve "state of the Trade of
that Deptrtment, to It iis • present.
This del-mt.:lli:at is w'tich have suf-
fered most the : maritime
tradc; we find, houstyza, r. • • -moil e here cited,
that if many brar.chos cf .'s Are dani-dd.e,l,
other, Are " tire s;.; And manufac-
turing of c iron is t!:-•-e ; there Mc
one htl^ ?red Aiid siv C s.l.
tved in : roll:• &Awn by use,; thew are
for e -s• of the q _ad tins new
. • c:t I Al.:Jose ha; ;-i a hirtli iithers ;
T.! mide is of th :se of
: e.tri -gated S:IA C..? .1:1!
s erho'oys
partical.,:l7 tiiaroc,c, v. hick are

•" • 71' Cf '1 tr .:•
t"._ , t: at
rt : - uf
to \.... t, t•: ...
_ .

s, c Nleml>crs of pie Charab.r of Corn-

merce of Nantes, in conjan!tion with almost all the
other chambers, have demanded the establishment
of inspeaors, whose business would be particularly
to ascertain the perfeaion of those article; of trade
intended for exportation. •
These different Memoirs of the manufaCtures and
trade, and their situations, arc a:,:ompanied by
many remarks on the jurisprudence of commerce,
and the price current of the merchandise in ,the prin-
cipal ports; but for which sue must refer the reader
to the work itself.
The author has not confined I,imsAf to this prin-
cipal ohjea of his labours ; he ha:: em•:c!:ed them
with instru,Sions appropriate to the subjects on
which he treats, wlm:it • are commerce and naviga-
tion. He has given us, in the preceding volumes,
researches on the progress of these arts, betore and
since the discovery of the Cape of Good Hopei and,
in the volume of this year, we have dissertations on
the celebrated navigators, as Pytheas, Euthymenes,
and others more recent. . _ _

Pytkeas ut larieiUes, one of the most distinguish-
ed men of Antiquity for his maritime knowledge and
enterprising genius, was, as is generally believed,
born of poor parents ; but found in his native place
all the assistance necessary to acquire an exa&
knowledge of that art, to which his taste most led
him to dire& his studies. He was not ungrateful,
and in the end re,,aid to the commerce cf Marseilles,
those services by which it has acquired its riches
and splendour.
Pytheas cultivated agronomy, that he might be
enabled the bett:g to gain that precise knowledge
of geography which WAS necessary to him, and to
make it useful to navigation, and those voyages
that he had in contemplation. He described those
stars which were seen in kis time round the North
Pok ; and it is to him that Marseilles is indebted
for the advantages it has so long possessed of having
its latitude determined with precision. . .

he Republic of Marseilles, which was founded
by th • Phcenicias, cart ed on all the commerce of
Gaol, with the nations who inhabited Asia Minor,
Greece, and the coast of Africa, and those coun-
tries to the south end east of Europe. Willing to
extend her cunne.lions, Pytheas was entrusted with
this great enterptiie; and it was t'.us, that corn-
merce, from the earliest times, has been the means
f extending the :tits, civilisation, and the know.
lesEte of the globe.
Pytheas sailed from Marseilles about the year .340
before the Christian ter t ; he passed fro:n one Cape
to another /for in that manner they were obliged to
sail before ate discovery of the compass), taid cosi sted
along that of Spaia to the Straits of Gibr.dtar
and Cadiz, as we find from the :teem:ars handed
down by Stub°. From thence steeting tiwards the
North, he followed the coast of Portitgal, and
along that part of Spain. lie thin F 2:i his
course by L' Iquitaine and L'Airnt •ig :e, wt~idh he
doubled, and entered the La Nlanciae Channel.
From this c".aniiii he coaa:ed the Eactcrn shores
of the Bin h I• 11,;, of which he reached the most
Northern point, then passed still forward six days
sail, alamy the ,hares of a couritry, calls•d by the
natives Thule, whet e the length of the solstitial day
is 21. hours, and whi• h he sup:iosed to be in 66 deg.
JO min. N. lat. Pytheas, with his Mtuseillers,
then touched at the islands of Shetland aild !eland,
situated between the latitudes of 65 and 67 degrees.
Returaing to his own country, he there related
his new discoveries, and the new openings for the
commerce of Marseilles—but he saw that the objeff
of his voyage ought not to stop here, and that he
should endeavour to pencil-ale into the South Seas,
by the North of Europe; an attempt, which the
knowledge that this great m-e. had of the glidie
rendered very probable, when we consider, that,
with the assistance of equal m.ans: Columbus has
since 3iscovered the New World.
Pytheas did not confine his services to M irseilles
to this voyage only : by order of the senate f that
republic, he unde:took a second, ‘s hieh l t erns
Cited to the bottom of the Baltic Sea, and
opened new sources for the circulation and trade of
the prodenions from the North to the South of Eu-
rope

"Strabo, who has preserved to us the most part of
these accounts, and from whom M. Avi,si has
taken much of his dissertation, which is inserted in
Thr C.mmrroal Lairaru, represents Pytheas as one
of th, most able navigators and astronomers of an-
tiquity ; and the proof of this is, that the inhabit-
ants of G o.'l were the oldeit ivriters on navigation
and mtrittme trade; and that Marseilles has tw,n
m ite distinguished t'.;-In any. other 'plAcet for her
expe.iitions, and t'.e imported' of her commerce.
Thesa notes, which interesting hav,
made ratlier leng, shi:w tt'a importance and wilizy
the work which has made them the princip 11 oh. ,R.
The title is very applicable, an.t it rap.thle of con-
veying much ins, rit:ton ra I, rattin.; vi com-
merce, to naviz tn in.hiityy, to commercial
surveys, and to m.triiime

A circumstance occurred last week at Bristol,
which seemed at first to threat,n rather serious con-
sequences. The impress en .k cv.,uring to take .t
sail 'r lately arrived trop: lndie were as- !
saithed by .t man wh-, •.s- rcs .Ilt Mt. New Cut, noon
the river. tie was, in c, seA:ured, an 1
delivered over to ...e" Fite n. 7.t day It:
brother 1416 . r • , th,meelve.. :,-
ed into' Bristol, to :he .;:h -lint aboot ssi:h
the avowed intention : re,cairg the imprisoned
man. Being, however, unable to effe3 this, they
seized upon the Lieutenant of :he Press gang, and
carried him off i 3 triL:roph, dearring that he should
work at the Canal, and supply the place
ger, in the set to which he :.:longed. Tc, al's club
crave he was obliged to aubmi: ; but the lati;i-trates
no sooner heard of it, than such were
taken as induced these geudemen of Ow spade to
liberate the prisoner.
On Monday, the I'2th inst. the wind bl-w so
fresh, and the sea ran so high at 11..trwizli. that
of the launch b longing to Nlr. G \ILA \4,
bailJer, was washed away. A y orth rt
Gaait Jos), wish four men, irrun.:..iialc4 took z
boat, with the intention of saving it, but
their attempt, and NIT7e .:Tiaed to sea. G:%•at fears
acre entertained for their safc:y, ay.3 a sma..k tY
slispatched to take their tai, hot wthout
'roe an-ions and paiatul . their ft kn.!s
were fortunately relieved by their re,u t.!ree
ole:.-ck the rest when the w .nd :rash abated,
and they got to shore Ai Woo,lf_ll in we NAse.