The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-08-15 00:00:00

YORK RACES-.4I'GrST MEETING.
_........m_.
(BY EXPRESS.)

PITTII D•Y.-TRID•Y.
Aft Thunde's Racer, a great number of the higher,,
slap of visiters left York, eonsequently Knaresmire to-
day did not present so brilliant a scene es before; there
were very few of the splendid equipages which on the
broiler days excited so much admiration; the only carriage'
and six on the course being the Archbishop of York's;
there were some others with four ; but, altogether, the
number of vehicles was very small. The most important
races having been deterrnined, those who. remained did so
only for amusement, as there is no interest attaching to
the running of the horses for to-day and to-morrow be-
rail the moment, not above one or two being engaged in the
St. Leger, or any other important stakes; the attendance of
• spectators in general win also very limited. The Grand
stand was almost solely occupied by betting men, who
ironed to be more occupied in laying on and hedging of.
for the Doncaster St. lager, squaring books, &c. than in i
speculating on the day's sport.
The betting since yesterday has been brisk, and in
favour of Homer more decisively than yesterday evening;
a day's consideration of the manner in which the race was j
run and decided, of the horses opposed to him, and of the
generally received opinion, that he might have won in a
canter, has confirmed the very favourable opinion which
the best judges have formed of him, and there is very
little doubt that he will ere long become the first favourite,
it being thought that Memnon must go back. The other
horses remain nearly as before ; Cleveland, as usual, veering
about like a westhereock. In little better than a month
the gmt-stakes will be decided, and with it the fate of
many, who have risked every thing upon it; there are yet
stony horses in the back ground, about whom little is
'known, anti it would not be either a new or a surprising
circumstance if one of them should seal the ruin of hun-
dreds by bating' all those fumy hanog upon whom Moir
sheds of thousinds are depending; this was the case in
.1811, when Mr. Gascovne's Soothsayer, with the odds at
1000 to to against him, beat twenty-three others; in
1819, Mr. Rob's Otterington, at 1000 to 10, beat twenty.
sham others; in 1816, Sir R. K. Graham's Duchess of
Leven, at similar odds, beat thirteen others; in 1819,
Anima* at 30 In I, beat thirteen others ; and, in 1822, the
knowing gentry were again floored by all their favourites,
.(in number twenty-two) being defeated by Theodore,
against wham the odds ran extremely, high. All this
proves that, in " glorious uncertainty, the Turf may at
least rival the kw.
The latest betting is as follows:

ST.
Si 10 1 01111 Memnon IR to I apt Whisker
73 to 1 apt Alderman IR to I apt Addy
8 to I apt Horner 20 to 1 apt Trines!.
to I apt Redgeontlet 22 to 1 apt Dauntless
111 to I apt Clave'ord 20 to I apt Pastime
High odds &Oast any other.
Throngholt the week the course has been so well kept,
and the police rto well on the alert. that scarcely any acci-
dolts have occurred, and very little annoyance sustained
from the pickpockets.
The Theatre during the week has been very well at-
tended, and many of the last new pieces from London have
been respectably performed by a good company. Cooke 's
Circus has also 114 d its share of patronage.
The day's apart, which was tolerable, will be found ac-
curate, se under :

A limerestakes of illawoe. nob, p. p., with tell so*. added by the
hiabeepers sod their Mends, for ye oust colts, list. 2lbs. and lit
WO* Two mile..
Lord newillinnes be. c. 17oofederate . - - 1
111111,4•1 e's eh. c. Rochester . - . 2
Lei sarbarevegh's be. t. lieeeptkes. by Antall* . 3
The lelhawing paid :—Mr. Werguant's colts Equity and Noun-
tains*, Ilr. ArAntrong's Alfred, Hr. Pities Frew/tuts, and Ale.
Oldifines Ileuta..doef.
The betting was current at S 00 P on Confederate.
• Illarbeeter Iced if. dyed kept in front foe a quarter of a mile,
*Nabs died &vac: Confederate** came up. got in front, headed
IN be way hone. and woo in a canter by sex lengths ; rode in
geed style b 7 W. ('lift ; litocbeatat, by Templeman, sad Georgi-
a*, by 0. Nehun.
tbe Ladies' Plate. Tel* 111., for all ages. Heats one tails and a
half
L Lonabien's b. f. by Leopold, lyre old, Sid. 61b. - 1 1
Lard Flatrillisio's O. l Portholes's, by Cervantes, dyes old,
/*OM - 2 dr
Mt Haweftine's b in. by orlon, syrs old, fiat. 21b, . 3 2
Lod Smetorough's eh. e. ifateog Cotto n. dyes old. 7st Illb. 4 3
Tberweas wormy bating we. tens nee worth melee.
in Hart. Mr. Lornbton's Ely took the lead, followed closely by
Poetises**, who :etched him at the turn at the top ; some close
tsrairg ensued between these two, and the Leopold filly won ;
a pretty vat* by only a neck.
Id Heat, Ti. race rented all the way between Mr. Lturnbton's
88y and the Orion mare. and was won cleverly by a length. (,ray
wale the wltmer ; Temple**, thion ; T. Lye, Confederate ; and
Nernst, Yugo, Carton.
doe.
_good apart t expected to-marrow for the 31embere 501.
nall the Tureen, bath of which are to bests.
LAST DAT, SATURDAY.
The August Meeting has this day terminated, and whe-
ther we consider it as to the excellence of the sport, or the
flusher aid rank of its visiters, as a tneeting of pleasure or
business, it has seldren been surpassed. Few races possess
greater attraction to sporting men, for the horses are inva-
/Stably of the best, end create an interest, beyond the mo-
ment, from the importance of their subsequent engage-
!wets ; and there is not a race course in the kingdom
which is more hollowed by attendance of rank and fashion,
or more fascinating in its appearance on a race day. The
attendance of some of the most respectable of our Nobility,
in carriages and six, not only give a flattering id of of the
wrath and prosperity of the country, hut carry Ifs back
sib pleasing recollections to times gone by ; and to those
who for a first time have visited this great city,*the scene
must have hero at once novel and gratifying.
The events of some of the races have been important to
due spotting world, in the criteria which they have afforded
liar future speculations; and though in two or three in-
rances the knowing gentry have paid for their information,
it will be little regretted, es they will be enabled to make
their future engagements with greater certainty.
lho tanning this week has been trade by the outsiders
for the St. Leger, of whom the best have been selected,
and of whom many more will come out at Pontefract. The
betting since Friday has resolved itself as follows, by which
it will be seen that Memnon is sow at par with the second
favourite, Triculo and Cleeveland having got up a little:—
lite 3 ape Dianne 30 to 1 eget Dauntless
to 1 agat Horner 100 to 6 agst Duke of Leeds's
V to I sec Redgauntlet colt.
IR to I etc Clevrlaod 100 to 3 apt Mr. lioulde.
16 to I axst Addy worth's colt.)
48 * 3 apt Trineulo 40 to 1 apt Pastime.
The course tn-day was not well attended, as, like all
Saturday meetings at York, the visiters consisting of People
front the surrounding country, who were obliged to be at
market, nor was any extraordinary sport expectetl.
In our !Wanda, t of the visitors, we have omitted to men-
tion the name of his Grace the Dnke of Rutland, who has
honoured the races with his presence.
A Handicap for Doncaster, of 23 nova. each, for 4yr olds,
rd upwards, has bean subscribed to, and the following
berms entered :-
24 Lambton's Cedric. Iht. Clb. Mr. Motley's Borsythents, 70-
I.m.bton's Buuazd, ifst. 61b.
Ste. ( khan's frutandoef, Mt. Mr IRidadale's Roebestesier,
v linuldstrottb's Sillier of 6'b.
blansti Sit. Lord Searberourrh's Young Cat_
lid V rzelnam's 11"hisk Iran. ton, 7st. 41b.
ene, . Sir J. Byng's Hannah, 7st. 41b.
Mt ra's Bugle, 711. SOL
Cedric. of course, is the favourite.
The following is an account of the running :
A pit et tureen, value 70ge. (handicap), given by the Innkeepers
ae.tl their friends, for all ages. newts one mile and a half.
Hr. Wilkinson's b. h. Plumper, 5 yrs 7st. 121 b. 1- 31 I
y!. erwrp•on's ch. c. Alphonse., a yrs. list 71h. - 1f Jr
r: bamboo's b. f. by Leopold, 3 yrs. fut. 11/Ib. 2 3 dr
Tie tUsviptlon of these heats would be uninteresting. We
`Cultmeney say, that Plumper made the firs: • waiting race, Won
Wont cleverly, sod walked over for the third. Rode by
Alpoaso Wbite. and Mr. Lambton's by Gray.
"II Pounds given by the City Members ; 3 yr olds bt. 71b.;
4en 7st. 91k. : b yr. gat. slh. ; 6 yrs and aged fist. 111:b. Slates
.:6,.4lltidines allowed 311). A sinner of the value of 5111. to tarty
on extra : if twice Alb., and if thrice 61b. extra. Heats, one
elle and a 1)4If each.
Nl.ambton's be. f. by Ardrensan, 3 yrs old . $ 1
.trti_eicaehorough's eb. c. by Interpreter, 3 yrs old •4 1 2
;;;1.1.h,n50n',.. lir. f. Landlady, 4 mold . . 2 3
.;;!. Toampson s eh. tn. by CORMS, 6 yrs old . . 4dr
r.llidsdals`s cf. c. Hosted, 3 yrs old . . dis.
z41,71*1, ee vcry fair heate—Aloretson rode the winner ; Lye, Lord
4
bsir"Ch'*: Nicholson, Landlady ; Douglas, Cumuli;
and
‘, liaised.

THE VILLAGE FREEHOLDER.
Nor here th' infectious rage for party stops,
But flits along from palaces to shops ;
Our weekly journals o'er the land abound,
And spread their plagues and influenza, round ;
The village too, the peaceful, pleasant plain,
Breeds the whig-farmer and the tory-swain ;
Brooks' and St. Alban's boasts not, but instead
Stares the Red Ram, and swings the Rodney's head :
Hither, with all a patriot's care, comes he
Who owns the little hut that makes hint free;
Whose yearly forty shillings buy the smile
Af mightier men, and never waste the while ;
Who feels his freehold's worth, and looks elate—
A little prop and pillar of the state.
Here he o.elights the weekly news to eon,
And mingle comments as he blunders oil;
To swallow all their varying authors teach,
To spell a title, and confound:a 'perch :
Till with a muddled mind he quits the news,
And claims his nation's license to abuse;
Then joins the cry. " that all the courtly race
Strive but for power, and parley but for place ;"
Vet hopes, good man ! " that all may still be well,"
Au.l thanks the stars that he's a vote to sell.
While thus he read, or raves, around him wait
A rustic band. and join in each debate;
Partake his manly spirit, and delight
To praise or blame, to judge of wrong or right I
Measure to mend, and ministers to make,
Till all go madding for their country's sake.
From the Nneeraper, a Poem by Ceubbt.

lon, 19
Kg. and
Tte
If MX-
-10 th.

Oxford !laces begin to-morrow, when good sport is an -
.-1,4tr.1. The hurses, we understand, arc very well
4'14.4. anti much company is expected on the course and
t!-:e

• LITEPARY CLEANINGS. FASHIONABLE IXTELLICEIVCR.
r ofChendos and family left town
COACHES. on Saturday for their sent, Wow", Bucks.
Carriages appeal, to have beet' used very early in Franee. Viscountess Dungannon has lett town for her seat in Denbigh.
An ordinance of Phiiip the ?air, issued in MO I, for sap- shire.
pressing luxury, and in which the citizens wives are for- Sir George Robinson, tart., hat left town for his seat, Cranford,
bid to use carriages (rats), is still preserved. Tinder 1 Northamptonshire.
lion. Mr. and. !Ilya. Ilobert Smith left town yesterday flu
Prancia I, or rather about 1550. soinewhat later, there , their ;ether's, Lord Carrington 's Nat, Deal Castle, Kent.
were at Paris, for the first time, only three coaches; one I Lord and Lady Nugent have arrived at their seat, Lilleys,
!of which belonged to the Queen, another to Diana de , flucka, from Swom
Poictiera, the mistress of two Kings, Francis I and Henry' Colonel de Roos arrived yeetWday at IVatten's Hotel, Regent.
11, by the latter of whom she was created Duchess of Va- , rgn'd ft:n7 illrightliT; Departu
teea:m—bTir Cambridgeshire; estielCll2:dn c ell oar ;ft
lentinois, and the third to Rene de Laval, Lord of LIMB- • Lull:mond and Lady Manners,
for Hastings; andg 1111rs.'Stuar4 for"ber‘
Dauphin. The latter was a corpulent unweiltly lioble.l seat in Berks.
man, who was not able to ride on horseback. Others say, I Mrs. and the Misses Lennox Conyngham have left their house lb
that the three first coaches belonged to Catherine de Me- i Boltomatreet, Piccadilly, fur Cheltenham.
dici ; Diana, Duchess of Angoulcune, the natural daughter !r,C.aileiniel Brown left Stevens's Hotel, Clifford-street, yesterday,
of Henry 11, who died in 1619, in the eightieth year of I Departures from the Brunswick House Hotel, Hanover-septare:
her age; and Christopher de Thou, First President of the ' —Major and thee, Tatlock, for the Continent, and Wm. Milling-
! Parliament. The last was excused by the gout; but the too, Er_q. far Cheltenham.
rest of the ministers of state soon followed his example. The Dowager Marchionela ef Mishit,' had a party to dinner
Henry IV was assassinated in a coach hut he usually rode yesp:Licraya,
natdlif:inchoeuses
14na,Arlington
i king -asntd suite arrived on Saturday,
through the streets of Paris on horseback, and to provide at Thomsa's Hotel, Berkeley.square, from Russia. Departure;
against rain carried a large cloak behind hitn. FOr himself Prom ditto :—Count and Countess Stsekelbergoind Countess So-
end his Queen he had only one coach, as appears by a let- phis S:aekelberg, for Naples; and Mr. and Lady Caroline Price,
ter still preserved, in which he writes to a friend, " I can- I''''' their seat in liathnlat""'
not trait sport you to-day, hearse my wife is using my Departures from the Condon Hotel, Albemarle.street t—Mr. and
Mrs. Thompson, for their east, Clifton ; and Mr. and Mrs. Belo'
cooch."
kit, for her seat in Northamptonshire.
The oldest carriages used by the ladies in England were Departures from the St. George's Hotel, Albemarle-street :—H.
I known under the now-forgotten name of whirlicotes. IV hen Willoughby, Esq., 31. P., Mrs. Willoughby, and family, for i
Richard 11, towards the end of the 14th century, was i their seat •in Nottinghamshire; and Mr. anti Mrs. Titney, for ;
*irked to fly before his rebellious subjects, he and all hisißdton.
Departure* from the Royal Hotel, St. James's-street :—E. W.
&lowers were on horseback ; his mother only, who was i Dickenson,
Esq., for his sat, Northwich, Cheshire .1 J. Page,
chadisposcd, rode in a carriage. This, however, became i Esq., for his seat, Kent ; Slr Wm. Davidson, Aide-de-Camp to'
mania somewhat unfashionable, when that Monarch's I hit Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, for Frankfort; W.
Queen, Ann, the daughter of the Emperor Charles IV,l,...bel'aield' E"' for Little Hampton ; II . II Legros, Esq., for his
wed the English ladies how gracefully and conveniently ; F. * .
, St. Albans; and. Mr. Is Mrs. Wrench and family, for
she could ride on a aide-saddle. Whirlicotes therefore MM.'
,------,.w---a- --I4 ' 4
foie
.4 isused, except M coronations and other public so= BRAZIL.
m lemties. Coaches were first known in England. about
the year 1680, and, as Stow says, were introduced from A pamphlet has been published, entitled " Brazilian
Germany, by Fitz-alien, Earl of Arundel. In the year improvements, more particularly as regards the province of
1598, when the English Ambassador came to Scotland, be Espirito Santo." The object of the publication, as the
had a coach with him. Anderson places the period when title imports, is to point out the benefits that have accrued
coaches began to be in common use, about the year, 1605. to Brazil by the establishment of the independence of that
The celebrated Duke of &clones lIAM, the unworthy empire, and the vast and rich field it affords for the em-
favourite of two kings, was the first percon who rode with ploytnent of British capital, especially in the province of
a Coach and six horses, in 1619. I'o ridicule this new Espirito Santo. The following extracts will put our
pemp, the Earl of NOWT HlfAl B SALM( D put right horses to readers in possession of the substance of this pamphlet :
his carriage. " The province of Espirito Santo is one of the most In-
Towards the ena of the thirteenth century, when Charles , terming subdivisions of the Brazilian territory, as well en
of Anjou made his entrance into Naples, the Queen rode in account of its geographical position, as the mineral riches,
a carriage, called by historians caret to, the outside and in-Isalubrity of climate, and fertility of soil with which it is
side of which were covered with sky-blue velvet, inter- distinguished. It extends upwards of 1.50 miles from N.
opened with golden lilies, a magnificence never before seen' to S. between the rivers Capapuana and Rio Doce, the
by the Neapolitans. At the entrance of Frederic II into former being its southern-and the latter being its northern
Paula', in the year 1239, it appears that there were no limit. Its with from E. to. W. is estimated at 100 miles;
carriages, for the most elegantly dressed ladies who came but the interior has hitherto been so imperfectly explored,
to meet him were on palfreys ornamented with trappings in consequence of the misfortunes the colony experienced
(sedentes in phaleratis et ambulantibus palafr,dis). It is in the first stages of its settlement, and the strong attitude
well known that the luxury of carriages spread from Na- the Indians maintained during a number of years, whilst
pies all over Italy. the attention of the local government was directed to cares
It appears that there were elegant coaches in the capital of a more pressing kind, that little authentic information
of Russia so early as the beginning of the 17th century. has been obtained respecting it.
But to what nation ought we to ascribe the invention of " The geographical position of Espirito Santo is, con-
coaches? If under this name we comprehend covered sequently, the moat advintageous that can be imagined,
carriages, these are so old as not to admit of any dispute being bounded on the N. by the province of Porto Seguro,
respecting the question. To the following, however, one on the W.hy the Minas Gases, on the S.by Rio de Janeiro,
might expect an answer, Who first conceived the idea of and on the g. by the Atlantic Ocean. It is immediately
snspending Me body of the carriage. from elastic springs, by contiguous to the gold district of Villa Rica, twenty
which the whole machine has undoubtedly been much im- years after its discovery 'reputed the richest place on the
proved ? To this question, however, I can find no answer, globe, and most assuredly it partakes of all the mineral
except the information before inentionetl, that suspended properties by which the latter portion of Minas Gerace has
carriages were known in the time of Louis XIV. been so longend so justly distinguished.
Coaches have given rise to a profession which in large "Pre-eminently distinguished by so many advantages,
cities affords maintenance to a great number of people, and it is singular that the provinces of Espirito Santo and
which is attended with much convenience; I mean that of Porto Seguro should have remained so long neglected, more
letting out eiaches for hire, known under the name of particularly as the Rio Doce, flowing between them, is an
Atcres, hackney coaches. This originated in France; for easy and natural outlet for all the productions raised in
about the year 1630, one NICHOLAS SAC•AGE first Minas Geraes, now brought to the capital or Bahia on the
thought of keeping horses and carriages ready to be let out backs of mules, after a tedious and expensive journey of
to those who might have occasion for them. the Parisians' upwards of two Months, according to the relative distances
approved of and patronised this plan; and as Saunter of the places. This remazkable facility for inland cons-
lived in the street St. Martin, in a house called the hotel munication, hithertoso much wanted in Brazil, was known
S. Finer,-, the coaches, coachmen and proprietor, were as early as the year 1673, when an enterprising ad-
calletiflocres. In a little time this undertaking was im - venturer, of the name of Tourinho, proceeded up the Rio
proved by others, who obtained a license for their new in. Doce, from its mouth, dim:owed this .minmal riches of
stitutions on paying a certain sum of money. Some kept Minas Geraes, collected specimens, and afterwards de-
coaches ready in certain places of the street, and let them scended by the river Jequitinbonha, a copious stream ris-
out as long as was required, to go from one part of the city ing in the vicinity of Tejuco, which, after passing through
to another. These alone, at length, retained the name of the most valuable diamond districts, falls into the sea on
Lfiacre, which at first was common to every kind of hired the N. side of Porto Seguro, where, swelled by numerous
carriage without distinction. Others keptcarriages at their tributary waters, it takes the name of the River Bel-
houses, which they let out for a half or whole day, a week, monte.
or a month : these coaches were known by the name of "To the enterprising spirit of the Pauliatas, howerpro
coroner Jr remise. Others kept carriages which at a cer- Brazil is indebted for 1112 discovery and settlement of those
taro stated time went from one quarter of the city to rich lands situated in the rear of Espirito Santo. Pert
another, like a kind of stages, and took up such passengers tearing from their ou n capital, and impelled by the ant.
as presented themselves; and in the year 1662 some per- mating pursuit of gold, they reached the auriferous moue:
sons set up carriages with four horses, for the purpose of taro of Villa Rica, after braving clangers and hardships
conveying people !a the different palaces, at which the of every kind. So great was the value of this discovery,
court might he; these were called vultures pour la suite de that in 1713, the King's fifth of the gold brought to the'
la emir. The proprietors often quarrelled respecting the district Mint, and exclusive of what was smuggled, amount-'
boundaries prescribed to them by their licenses; and on ed to upwards of half a million, and between 1730 and
this account they were sometimes united into one company, 17.50, to a million sterling per annum. i
and sometimes separated. The police established useful " The whole of this interesting district is watered by
regulations, by which the safety and cleanliness of these considerable rivers, flowing to the sea, and swelled by
carriages were promoted ; marks were affixed to them, by tributary streams, which intersect it in several directions.
*llia they might be known ; and young persons and wo- Most of them are auriferous, and on their margins
Mn of the town were forbidden to use them, Itc. smiling valleys, of the most inviting kind, are seen to
' Coaches to be let for hire were first established at Lon- extend. Lofty and luxuriant forests bound them
don in 16'25. At that time there were only twenty, which on every side, and frequently cover the mountains
slid not stand in the streets, but at the principal inns. to their very summit. They abound in game, and afford
Ten years after, however, they were become so numerous ship-timber and ornamentalwoods of the most variegated and
that King Charles I found it necessary to issue an order choice kinds. Gums and resins,with medicinal and other pea. ,
i for limiting their number. In the year 1637, there were i perties, promises to reward the industry of man, although
in- London and Westminster fifty hackney coaches, for now untouched and unlooked-for. The indigenous frnft
'each of which no more than twelve horses were to be kept. are in the lithest perfection, and most of those European.
In the year 1652 their number had increased to two hun- or Asiatic origin, in richness and flavour, exceed the parent
tired ; in 1651 there were three hundred, for which six stock. Culinary vegetables anti roots, as well as a variety
hundred horses were employed; in 1694 they were limited of other productions of the first necessity, may be planted
to seven hundred, and in 1713 to eight hundred. and gathered every day in the year. The extremes at
Summer heat are unknown, except immediately on the
coast, and there the air is refreshed by cooling breezes.
In the interior the whole year is a continued Spring. Not
a day passes on which the business of cultivation may not',
be forwarded. The uniaterrupted verdure, the vivid and
richly variegated colours of the flowers, adorning the
ground, and frequently tinging the summit of the loftiest
trees, which appear to change their form and aspect every
month, fill the most insensible minds with astonishment
and admiration.
" Heat and humidity being combined in the most favour-
ed proportions, vegetation is astonishingly quick and pro-
lific. The kidney-bean, in general use among the in.
habitants, usually yiekis 2.50 and 300 for one, and in
z
instances 400. In rice this proportion is even e {
The plaintain, which may be considered as the Gel
zi
life in every country where it finds a congenial soil and
climate, is here luxuriant beyond example, as are also the
bulbous roots introduced to add to the comforts of life. The
usual return obtained from Indian corn is IVO and 130 for'
one. Some successful experiments have been made in the
coffee-plant, which in two years begins to crown the labours
I
of the husbandman. Several Asiatic spices may also be i
seen in the gardens of the curious, in a most flourishing
state.
" It is this favoured spat, situated in the heart of Ids do-
minions, that the Emperor of Brazil has resolved to rescue
from the neglected state in which it has been sunk for
several years, and open its numerous resources to general
enterprise. To this effect be has pledged his royal word,
and as a commencement in the execution of so useful and
map ificent a plan, he has bestowed an imperial grant on six
gentlemen in England.
" Every production that can minister to his wants or in-
dulge his appetite for riches, may be met with on this in-
teresting spot. The country is finely wooded, abounds in
springs, is intersected by beautiful valleys, and watered by
valuable streams. In the water-courses, descending from
the hills, beds of gold are found in every direction ; but
the parent rocks from which it has been washed arc entirely
unexplored. • Amethysts, topazes, and other precious stones
have been picked up, and no doubt when the interior has
been visited by men of science many new sources of wealth
will reward their toil. The fruits of the country are re-
markable for their variety and abundance. Those of,
Europe and Asia flourish together, besides a number of,
other plants, still in their natural state, which require only
the industry of man to make them be 'lumbered among the
comforts of civilised life."

The British Gas Company has contracted to light the
town of llullwithgas. _ _ _

A stone pillar, thirty feet high, standing hi the borough
of &heater, was nearly demolished by the wind on Wed-
nesday night last.
liarro Fr.tottr.—The rapidity with which the hawk
and many other birds occasionally fly, is probably not less
than at the rate of 130 miles in an hour : the common
crow 25 ditto ; a swallow, 92 ditto, and the Swift three
I times greater. Migratory birds probably about so miles
per boor.
Mansfield, the jockey, who rode Crown Prince on Thurs-
day hat in the Hunters' Stake at Amesbury Rases, was
thrown from the horse and broke his neck. lie ran rcs-
tiff, and broke ont of the course on to the forest, when the
girth broke. The deceased has left a large family.
The execution of !MC Charlesworth, far highway rob-
bery, took place a: York, on Saturday morning, at ten

MOM F: CI RCLIT.
SCIIIIEY ASSIZES, CROYDON, Aro. IL

1 The Avelces for this county terminated on Friday evening, mid
would probably have lasted much longer, but for the assistance of
Lord Chief Justice BEST. who lent his aid in trying prisoners as!
soon as the business was disposed hf on the Civil Side. Of about
thirty capital convictions which took place, sentence Of death was
pronounced in three cases only, namely, no Charles Cesar, for
horse-stealing; and Robert Little and kdiestJ Wallet, for high.
way robbery, towards whom no hopes Of mbrey *ere held out.
James IVoodham was indicted fur receiving at St. Mary's Lam-
beth, on the bth of September, a black pony, the papesty of
James Elude, knowing it to have been stolen.
Mr. Law conducted the prosecution, and Mr. AWE'S ZITS tht de-
fence.

It appeared in evidence, that the prosecutor, who lists at Pinner,
In Middlesex, lost his pony out of an enclosure on the night of the
let September last. On the Sth of that month it was &hod in the
prisoner's possession, at St. Mary's, Lambeth, under the follow-
ing circumstances, which were detailed by a man named Thomas
Steadman, Who was represented as standing in the relation of an
accomplice. The misoner took Steadman, Damage, ( who was con-
victed of horse-stealing at the last Amite. fdr Kent), and two other
men, named Attie and Hudson, into a field at a short distance from
the Holland Arms public-house, anti showed them foul, horses,
one of which was the pony in question, and represented them to
be his property, and offered them all for sale to Stesffinsts and
Bassage. at the price of IW. for the lot, and on those Wets they
became the joint purchasers. In order to givt a colour of fair-
ness to the transaction, they repaired to the Holland Arms; and
called upon the landland to witness the bargain, it being stated
that the prisoner could not write. The landlord, who had known
the prisoner before es a neighbour, agreed to do what was re-
qUesied. Steadman wrote a receipt for 231. towards which he
paid down 101. and Bassage paid 131. consisting of a 101. Weald
' of Kent Bank note (which was worth nothing), and three soveteigns.
The landlord having counted the money, paid it to the prisoner
bdt befofe the parties separated the 131. was returned to Bassige.
The prosecutor's pony alone was stated to be w ith 10/. and the
other horses at least 301. This transaction was pressed as con-
clusive evidence against the prisoner of • guilty knowledge that
sU the horse wefe stblen, and that he was apprehensive of the con-
sequences of being (bond in" *session. Steadman mad Basuto*
thew took the Moses to • stsble is the Keut-roadi *sere they.
Were altered, by Cutting the hair off' and docking their tells, for
the purpose of disguise. The pony was sold to a farmer at Bar-
leet Fair, in whose possession it was afterwards found by Hall and
Pople, the Union-hall officers, and restored to Mr. Gude, the
owner, who recognised it to be his property, notwithstanding the
alteration in its appearance .
Several circumstances were given in evidence to confirm the de-
position of Steadman, who had himself been taken up nn a charge
of stealing the pony. At the Oniktford Assizes, 1823, he had
been tried, bet acquitted, of horn-stealing. Upon his testimony
some horse-stealers had been brought to Justice at the late Salis-
bury Assizes.
The Jury, under the Lasnted Jodge's directions, found the
prisoner Guilty, And he was sentenced to IS months' imprisonment
and hard labour in the House of Correction.

MIDLAND CIRCUIT.

WARWICK ASSIZES, WARWICK, Ave. 12.

The business of these Assizes terminated to-day. Sentence of
death was passed upon James Pattern, the prisoner convicted of
the brutal assault upon Ann Atkins.
The Learned JUDGE warned the prisoner not to indulge the least
hope of having his sentence mitigated, a. the turpitude of his guilt
was too great to admit of mercy being shown to him on this side
the grave.
Notwithstanding the calendar contained the names of upwards of
silty prisoners, yet the bills against many of them were thrown
out, and the rest were principally charged with larcenies of a Petty
description, devoid of the least public interest.

WESTERN CIRCUIT.
---rem.---
SOMERSET ASSIZES 4 Suva*Arita, Ava. H.
.....

Neither in the Civil or Crown Court was that any care of the
slightest public interest this day.

''''"•'"
FRIDAY, AUGUST It
CIVIL SIDE.
Before Mr. Justice thtszisz.

IV•1111 V. MULPIN.
The above rasa of breach of promise of marriage was expected
to Murex's on In this Coati yesterday, but to the great &sap-
pointing% of the female part of the assembly it was speed to be
teemed for the second time.
BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE.

WELLMOXT V. bautoan.
Mr. C. P. WILLIAMS vomit the pleadings, and stated that this
was an action for breath of sof marriage, brought egainst •
the defeltdaint, WOW lesisis by Miss Caroline WeSmoot.
The defendant plumead she gulled issue.
Mr. Sergeant PELL (with whom was Mr. Sergeant Wilde)
stated the ease to the Jury. It must be allowed that actions such
as t ate mu ury agreeable in their nature to either of the
• sated is Albeit event. The present action was one of
this iyMels a young lad (as thaJory had heard from
his 1,1-hiseirylmil been obliged to ...5r..... against the de-
fendant, In wieseqwence of his refusing to make good an engage-
ment which he bad entered into to marry the plaintiff, a young
lady now about twenty-three or twenty-four years of age, and of
considerable personal attractions. The young lady, the plaintiff in
this action, was the daughter of a highly respectable gentleman,
and the defendant was a farmer of considerable property, two or
three yeah her elder. It appeared to be in every respect a suitable
match, and,tdi things considered, the defendant seemed to be a per-
son calculated, in the nem of their union, to make the plaintiff
happy. At the env moment, however, when the defendant, after
having raised the fondest expectations of his client, was feeding her
hopes with the prospect of the speedy fulfilment of his promises,
he had actually paid his addresses to another lady, and was'
leading this other ledividual to entertain hopes which
i were n their turn also doomed to be diuppointed. He
relied principally upon the defendant's letters to explain
to the Jury the manner in which the acquaintance be-
tween the parties had originated, continued, and been carried on.
The correspondence to which he alluded had extended through a
considerable portion of time; and from the parts of it which would
be read it would plainly appear that the plaintiff bad received
grievous wroog, and that the character of the plaintiff was dia.
tinguished by the height of disingenuousness, worldly feeling,
and, he might add, meanness. The defendant was not satisfied
with paying his court to two ladles at one and the same time—he
went the additional length of marrying a third ! The marriage of
the defendant took place in the month of June in the last year ; and
about that period whisperings began to get afloat (how he would
not pretend to say) highly injurious to the character and distress.
ing to the feelings of the plaintiff'. The world wu proverbially
censorious; and when a young female encountered any disap-
pointment in a matrimonial engagement, the more aged and uncha.
ritable part of her own sex were not infrequently disposed to
attribute the cause of the disappointment to the impropriety of her
conduct. These imputations were of a such nature as to compel
the plaintiff to do that which must be always offensive to the
feelings of a young and delicate females—namely, to come into a
public Court of Justice in order to seek a reparation for her I
wrongs, and place upon record a refutation of the calumnies at.
tempted to be cast upon her character. If the delendant could
prove one single imputation against the character of the
plaintiff to be well founded, let him do so, and relieve himself,
from the consequences of this action. He (Mr. Sergeant Pell)
defied him to do so, and invited him to try. The Learned Sergeant
then proceeded to read to the Jury the letters to which he had al.
hided. The first was one dated 22d April, 1822; and in it the
defendant announced the nature of his intentions towards the plain-
tiff: it was u follows: _ _

should read to the Jury was a diamond or the firit witt".. It sot
dated about Mitt. months Orel the last, aid, from it it scald
that the lover and I.ls love hid urfurturnoely disagreed about me
trifling affair or other—autut of those Ow ite ehnith the toecartion-
idle overcast the amatoty hiffizon—and the /titer appj.,red to he
mitten for the purpose of effecting A reconciliation. Paths:Pa Me
Bruford had perpetrated some sin of *mild:ion or eontrniewistri, or
intacd some unconsidered trifle, for which he thought it.neeersity
to offer the following stonetneta. Here it was—
" Wert Monitor), August IS. 1822.
"DFARZST CallOLINt.-4 have taken my pen in hand to
write to my dear girl, to entreat On tier friendship to purists lie for
addressing her as I did on Saturday last. But after hearnr I
did, as I informed you, I thought it prtiderit le know ma. other's
determination ; but not findit,g you will enntplyWith thy 11,14wrn I
shall not question you again on that subject. -Certainly 1 Mall Pot
with you to refrain from speaking to any young man. Had I not
i particular regard for you, I should net have paid you ties respect
aid attention I herein all times wheiteve2 I have had the 41tariere
of being with you. Although you may not believe hr I comet
help saying I felt much hurt and disappointed •in not hash% the
pleasure of your company or seeing you on Sunday hoc 1.. B.
with myself certainly had promised ourselves a wnfdt,but how could
I have enjoyed it without you ? We hate now postponed the welds
for Sunday erect next. In use it meet your approbation to join
with us on Sunday next, we shall expect to see you.at our how's,
where I hope to meet you, my dear girl, in betterspirils drib iihen
I saw you last. Alta. Hickman was at our bootie Tuesday last,
who informed me thtt you were gone with entre other person to
Et.more, to see the. grand performance which was to take place.
I instantly took my horse, and wrode down. 1 saw your bra thee
James, who informed nit you was not theft. I then was shafted
with the propriety of your condnct towards me in not going, without
my knowledge, as I shouid have been happy to have escorted you
there. I must now conclude, in hopes of receiving a letter fro
you by the hearer. " I remain, dear Caroline,
" tour ever true and aineere friend,
" RlettAiD BlithrOaD."
Well, this was all very pretty, with an entertaining dub of the
jaundice in it. But what would the Jury think when they were
told that this half-suspicious defendant, who seemed so ready to
"surrectler himself a prey to " • the green-eyed monster' on the
slightest occasion, ok without any occasion at all, was at the very
moment of writing this litter engaged in courting ono has lady I
Of the clear and correct orthography which dittinguislied this letter
be had nothing to say, neither mold he be nioredifluse on the awls.
ject of the " grand performance," as he *as not'behtnd the Screen.,
and must confess his deep and deplorable ignorance of what was
meant by it. lie should now proceed to the third letter, which was
' in about the same strain as the former :

" West 3lonktan, January 22, leas.
" I am joist returned from Tiverton, and embrace the opporeu.
!thy of *Thing to nay, dearest Caroline. 34 business there was fir
different from what I suppose you may thltik, but believe me the
particulars you shall know when next tee meet. I acquainted you
on Saturday of my going there--if you will please to recollect. I
trust when I have told you my reason in going you will not be
angry with my conduct. 31r. House called me a deceitful tortes.
pontlent —l'd have all young females take care they are not dr.
ceivecl by him, and had it not been for 111 r. William this unpick.
sant business would not have taken place. Al y mother hate see.
cused nte of writing and Teceivieg letters from Alias Moore, 'Tis
true I've received four letters from her, never arartered but one,
or do I ever intend to write to het another t that I have given her
to understand I never gave Mix* Moore any reason to believe I'd a
wish to carry on any correspondence with her. Therefore I think
Mr. William have gone a little too far in respect of my deceit, for
God knows my soul, my dove, it never was my intention to dece've
you, and it gives me many unhappy hours to think of it. Please
to give my respects to my mother; shall be happy to wait on her
to-morrow evening, at her first convenience, anti hope to give her
Sufficient reason to believe I never intended to deceive you.
" I remain, dear Caroline,
" Fotir tree and sincere friend.
" Mentl') Bauman."
The same kind of coneopondence wait kept up on the part of the
defendant for some months longer, and he even went so far as to
make inquiries as to the amount of Miss Wellmont's fortune; Which
he was given to understand by the young lady's mother was 6001.
Mr. Beriard approved of the sum, and expressed his determine.
tion to accept it and her daughter's hand; when, on the Oda
August, or more properly speaking, long before he broke off the
match, by the following letter:—
" August!), Mk
" Dear Miss Wellmont—l belicve t informed you of elicit
received from my uncle some time since, informing me that he had
been informed by my sister and others, that I was paying m ad.
toenail to a young lady against the consent of all my Mends; and
which he much disproved of himself. therefore advising me to dat-
eline taking such imprudent steps. lily answer to him was, " I'd
take his advice." 'I his morning's poet brought me another letter
from my uncle an she Annie subject, that if I did not decline ;visit.
ing Wilton, he certainly would alter his will ; and in case he was,
it would certainly disappoint all our future expectations, in contd.
deration not for my own interest, but for the welfare of my brothers
and sisters that are unprovided for, I think I should act very wicked
in depriving them of three future happiness, which I find I should,
in ease I was to make you my wife, me the family so much disap.
prove of this match, and any residence is now so dneomfortabla
through my visiting you. For your own contentment as well
as mine, we bad better break off one engagements, as you must be
aware of the many difficulties I have to encounter with. I mutt
now close this feeling pain in writing you, in hopes when you mar.
ry you will have a partner far superior to me, and with all law
heart I wish you well, though I can no longer be yours,
" RICHARD Bat-Meth
" My respects to your mother and fatuity."
Here was a letter. Nothing could be mote *retched than the
manner in which the defendant attempted td sneak out of his en.
gagement, when he wished to marry another woman, for that was
the English ofall this talk about uncles. aunts, brother, signs, and
relations, to the eleventh generation. There could exist oneynstifl.
cation, and one only for such shameful and ocaedalee. condtict
misconduct on the part of 31iss Wellmont. But he deded the de.
fendant to say, that that justification existed in the present ease, or
that the slightest and most remote pretext of dist kind could be
brought forward to palliate or extenuate his mean arni shuffling
proceedings. 'Foe Learned Sergeant concluded, by calling on the
Jury to award such damages as the nature cf the caw, and the re.
lative situation of the parties demanded.
The following witnesses were called for the plaintiff.
Mrs. Martha Wellmont.—l am mother of the plaintiff and ant
acquainted with Mr. Brufnrd, the defendant. lie resided at one
house in 1822. At the commencement, the defendant's acquaint.
ante with my daughter did not receive my approbation. I recollect
afterwards Waving conversations with him respecting his intentions
towards my daughter. I vetnember the Somerset Assizes of 1823;
about that time I had a macular conversation with the defendant
on the same subject. the conversation occurred at my own house-
-1 had been here on business, and defendant drove me borne in hie
gig. It was on that occasion he spoke with me on thasubject of'
the marriage settlements ; the conversation took place after tea.
We had previously talked together about my daughter's fortune.
Slr. Bruford proposed to settle 1,0001. on my daughter, and wished
me to select the attorney who was to draw tip the marriage welder.
I mentioned my own solicitor, who lived at lichester„ and ads.
fondant thought that too fat for him, he proposed to choose some
attorney perfectly indifferent to both parties, and who should know
nothing of either family. Defendant asked me what I intended to
give my daughter ? I replied 5001. on the day (Whet mandege.
He was aware of my intentions as to my daughter's fortune before
we spoke of the settlement. On that occasion I repeated what 1.
had previously said, and he approved of it. Defendant remarked.
when talking of the settlement he intnnded to make. that, if I enter.
tained any doubts as to his ability to make it. I might go to his
attorney, Mr. Kingley, who he said was sell acquainted with his
affairs, and would satisfy me on that point. I declined doing so,
at the same time saying that I did not think it necessity.
as I saw no reason to doubt the truth of his representations. This
conversation took place on Thurday, August 7, and defendant am.
pointed the following Saturday. at 11 o'clock, as the day for con-
cluding the settlement. Mr. Bruftwd had visited my daughter
nearly 2 years; he visited het almost a year before marriage was
talked of. At that time, I lived at Wilton, not far from Taunton.
On the Saturday appointed for the settlement defendant did not
come. 111 r. Bruford never entered my door afterwards. My family
consists of eight children.
Croce-examined—l have eight children, as I have already stated
in my direct examination. I did not know the defendant much
previous to his coming to my house to visit my daughter; neither
was I well acquainted with his family at that period. Defendant's-
father is dead and his mother has married again. I ellet tell
whether her husband is a man of no property or not. I have stated,
I did not at first approve of the defendant paying his addresses to
my daughter. Mr. Dunmore did not pay his addresses to my
daughter. Mr. Andrew Bruford, one of the defendant's brothel's,
was at my house while the courtship continued, and has been there
since it was broken off. He sometimes called to ask how my
daughter was; but Idon't consider he was paying his addressee t..
her. Defendant's brother has told me he had n tercet regard and
respect for my daughter, and that he thought his brother had
treated her in a most shameful and rascally manner. (A laugh.) I
recollect no conversation between me and Mr. Andrew Bruford on
the subject of my daughter's fortune. I can't remember any thing
about it, and if such conversation had occurred, I don't know that
I should recollect it. I have a very bad memory. My husband
was unfortunate in businets, and at the time the courtship was
broken off*, was in prison.
Re-examined—The defendant is is farmer. Mr. Mills, from
whom I tented Bishop's Hall, lean attorney, end has acted in that
capacity for me. I possess a propetty of my own, independent of
my husband's control.
Mr. Henry Illatehford Shillibeare—l have known the plaintiff
T sinceieun Taunton childhood,in l 8 2 salnitleastleeilsimnonwnt 2asndy
titer at my house. and I alwas considered them as lovers, keeintr
Mr. Bruford respecting his marriage with the pea War
mlfathaa.
they acted as such. In the earlier part of 1823,
e in-
formed me he was engaged to marry her, and t h
Caroline SOW. He said
Mrs. Wellmont, had undertaken to give
t on her out of his own
he intended making a handsome settleme,nn.
__e__mont _
ceMnr. Bofruarrd. viistrestedidtedogra.t
I conversed
ni
property ; and asked me if 1 thought I
lily hredply
power to advance the MI/. under the father
s will. b
I did not know the particulars o I the will to which
property ; -111defendante what day was fixed for the
he alluded." I asked the
should let me know, as I was to be
wedding, and he told me he
ro
present on the occasion.
that queftion was, '• Mr.. Wellmont was • person of considerable
Croemeeantined—l have seen the defendant's prevent wife once ;
her maiden name was Movie. Her father is a very respectsitle
man. I only dined once at his house, and am unlaces tinted with
the state of his circumstances., _ _ _

" Hill Farm, April 21, 18'22.
"My dear Friend—The pleasures of friendship are little known
by a greedy" [here said the Learned Sergeant the expression seems
somewhat odd, but as I find it in the letter I must read it to you.
I thought at first the word might have been giddy, and the ex pres.
Mon which immediately follows tended to confirm me in my opi.
nion. But on closer examination it emus to be spelled " greedy,"
and I am bound to take that to be the word.l
Mr. C. F. Wittlssts intimated that in his opinion the word
was intended for giddy, but the defendant, who appeared to litre-
Bard the pedantic trammels of orthography spelled it gaidy, which
from the carelessness of the penmanship strongly resembled greedy.
Mr. Sergeant PE Lt.—The letters were all couched In the lan-
guage of passion, a language not very intelligible to other than the
parties more immediately concerned. They might be supposed to
be capable of understanding it, simply because they were lovers,
but the greater part of those epistles must be nearly unintelligible
to himself, or even to his Learned Friend on the other aide (Mr
Merreweather) although they, too, in their time had been lovers.
But he would not trifle any longer with the impatience of the Jury,
who must be quite on edge to hear the remainder of an epistle the
commencement of which promised so well. Well then—
" The pleasures of friendship are little known by a greedy, un-
thinking world. I receive more pleasure in writing to you than 1
do to any one else, for the pleasure I enjoy in your company both 1
comae to make me your sincerest friend. Nothing will give me so
much pleasure as to hear from yourself that you are well, and can
I say happy. If you are not happy lam not so. Your beauty
and accomplishments have captivated my heart, whilst I avow my.
self to become your true and sincere friend. I would not, my dear
Caroline, offer any direct address that should have the least incon-
sistency with your duty to your parents, and this it rather embol-
dens me to request the favour of an evening's conservation at your
first convenience, when more fully explain myself, as 1 earnestly
hope to your satisfaction.
An answer to this by the bearer, E. Bruford, will infinite
oblige—then let me now conclude in hopes of meeting your appro-
bation.

" Your affectionate and sincere friend,
" RICHARD BRDFORD."
From the tonna of this letter and the mystical word "corona" in
the commencement of it, which it was to be supposed was a slight
tranformation for crowns (and very indifferent sense it would still
make, and that conjectural reading were true), it 'mild seem as if
this love-sick shepherd felt the sentiment of the post, when he said
that— _ 1

Love was the top and crown of our affections !"
That was good ! and the request for an evening's chat was still
better ! Evening was your only time for love, particularly if it was
moonlight ! Let the moon be bright or clouded : If the latter it was
all the better. Well, there was a good deal of ground to be passed
over, so he must reluctantly leave this eplsoderi gent ca other
pearls of equal talus ratuaxed to be disputed of. The neat he

Couar —1 have known the defendant a conttdendsle
time, some years, and should suppose he sal acqullnted with Mt-
WeUnmet and his circumstances. During the contlnuance of the
courtship, It was well known Mr. Wellmont was is cmtlaralabed