The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1819-08-11 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 11. 1819.

the parish to which the removal is propoord to be made, of
the day on which the adjodication of the 'tridentatel will
take place ; • fair hearing of both ponies connowoly
soil the •apense tif an appeal is frequently prevented.
Ay such provisioas nod more especislly by the establish.
mem of Aelert vestries end assistant Ilvesirees your Coen.
mince see sitogoiwe is their hope., that the mischief multi
ing from the reliance on pariah sopport sissy he to I.OllbP de-
gree palliated, well that the loose and candem admisisirs.
lion of the law. by which it has bees aggravated, will be is.
seetially corrected.
But this is not all that yonr Committee de,l, -Irquilie to
secure the kingdom Ernes the calamities '„...rintist attend
the rostionted progress of sheered • and they tin not believe
that such secovity can he olitaimik as long as by an erns.
aeons ronseructlee. as your Commlitsw believe, of the Act
of Eligsboth.pseisbecare seppesed liable to he called apes

to effect the improiticable porpoise of boiling employment
fur all who niiy at any lime require it ' • they believe the ill
ineirqweasces which harenriout from this practice are moot
palpable. soul most mischievous, and they are, therefigaik,
pecriliarly asthma to renal the moot aerhoto stleotioaraf
House to this eonstruetieti which his bees put practically
us this part of the Statute. • .••
Pecuniary relief servos to Uwe tbit
coolemplated by this Act for" She laote,ltopotaidi ,
and such other among them being pour and sot able to work,
and also for putting old children to be apptindsces;" list
the direction to " art to work all persons having no notan•
maiotain them, and using so ordinary sir daily trade of
life to get their living by," has beets acted spas as if it
were a clear authority for requiring the parish to lad em-
ployment for all who want it. The Committee, in Ill?,
qaustioned the soundness of this censtractiou, in the fob
lowing terms:—" If the object of the Atatate was *merely
to set to hard labour such idle wandering permute as might
be found in a state *early approaching to that of vagraary,
inch an object inirkt possibly he carried into egret with a fair
hope of beneficial cote Aneisees; but if the elderly( the
Wain it is interpreted) that the State is to

was (as Now
AIM work for all who is the pimp., aid tu aDerseeeedieg
time may require it, your Committee are of sovietise, that
this is a condition which it is nut iii the power of any law
to 61181; what number of preemie can be employed in la.
beer, mutt &peed shells tely epos the 11110041111 of the funds
which alone are applicable to the mainterssoce of labour."
The Committee proceeded so illustrate their position by •
train of reasoning, which will be felted to the lath page of
that Report.
The farther consideration and investigatioe of this sub-
ject has confirmed their opinions; for your Committee are
not aware, that the Courts of Lair have at any time coo.
Weed the Act according to this practice; indeed the deci-
sion' referred to is the former Report, in which it was held
that an order of insintrunuee is not valid without it ad-
judges the me ty seeking relief to be topoteut, leads to en
opposite conclusion. If 'cheese* be had Moro to the autho-
rity of early writers, or to three who in modern times have
bestowed the most attention on this 'object, the mine infer.
rues would follow. to • work which has been lately cited
by as able anonymous author, iutituled "A Description of
England, by W. Harrison," and which as published in the
thronicles of Huliagshed, is brought down to the year
MN, it is slated that "the poor are divided into three
sort., so that stone are poor by impotency, ss the fatherless
child, the aged, blind, or lame, and the iliseared person that
is jndgrd to be incurable; the second are poor by casualty,
as the wounded soldier, the decayed householder, sail the
sick perms 'visited with greiriou" sod painful diseases; the
:hint comesteth wf thriftless poor, se the rimer that bath
eattsulaed all, the vagabond that will abide 8.9 where, but
runeeth up sad lbws from place Isidore (as it were seekin
work, end &din mum); and finally, thematic, ate."
" The two first sorts, that is to say, the poor by impoteecy,
and the poor by casualty, are the tree poor indeed, and for
whom the word loth bind us to make some daily provisions
there is onlerotaken throughout every parish iu the realm
that weekly collection shall be made for their help end sea.
Ilentatine ; but if they refuse to be supported, by this benefit
of the law, anal will rather falleinelir by going to sod fro, to
maintain their idle tradleeetbein Miry are parcel of the third
eset, and en hatiestd of eneellenne refreshing at home, are
ones" meresslel In* sleep anetution, and whip of justice
abroad."
Now this claseiheation of the poor in the very age of Eli-
sabeth, leads to the coneln.ion, that the pennies designed by
the terms " using no ordinary or daily trade of life to get
their living by," were, as the Committee of 1817 supposed,
that third class who are deemed " thrifibeepour, &e." who
it should seem were mode to labeler as hog aa they conti-
nued within their own parish,brit if they left it, were subject
to the 'revere penalties then inflicted nit vagrancy; and
would now come within the provisions of the present Vagrant
Laws.
In the year 1695, another author of ernimenceoeferrias to
the sums raised for the relief of the roue, mays, " as this mo-
ney is managed io most places, instead of relieving such as
are truly poor lied impotent (which the laws design) it wirers
only so nourish and continue vice and sloth in the nation.
The real and true objects of charity email cost the nation
hut little to maintain; and it is to be doubted they have the
least share in the public reliefs."
Bet to come nearer to our owe times, rood to the most bob's-
rho's, ettplooe,and valuable work un this subject, welled the
onetime-y(11w judicious sad unperjedired author of " The
Mate of the Poor,"expreseell hi the following decided terms:
" From the language of various statutes concerning the
pone,. which palmed during the reign allures Elisabeth,
nail which being in pori materia, explain each other, either
in matter of law, fir illustrate each other in matter of fact,
it may fairly be implicit to prove, that the relief of the &W-
-hooshed poor, with or without families, was no poi of the
original system of the Poor Laws. The 3d of Wilt..•ed
Mary. c. 11, 5.11, corroborates this idea, which laps/ out of
doubt by the preamble to 8 sad 9 Will. and Mary, e. 30, r. 2 :
' To the cud, that the money raised only foe the relief of mach
as are as well impotent as poor, may not be misapplied or
consumed by the idle, sturdy, and disorderly beggare'."
These opinioos would, in the shoetree of soy *chides of
Coons of Law to the contrary, be emitted to leech weight;
but this preamble referred to by the last author, bed which
was cited in the former Report, p. 80, fur the same peeper,
'KVA iletiriVe WI the question. Nor, indeed, can it be wet
imagined, that the supreme legislative power of any country,
would have aaticipated • permaemit order ofthings, in which
a large elan of the people should be habitually mad steers-
airily without employment. Your Committee conceive that
the deemed and supply of labour have in the amend averse
of thing*, such a tendency to regulate 'ad Mohacs curb
other, unless 'ironeterscied by artificial institelieue, that
any eller,s of either oriels, from temporary castors, would, if
nom by temporary expedients alone, le no Mug time cermet
itself; whereas the practice mow wader comaideratioa,
noting perhaps in a humane extensive of the law to meet
more of occasional and preesieg merest", sod isconsi.
star lily esintioned, is eakelated to perpetuate evils that
would otherwise be trament, seal pernmeeetly te derange
the whole industry of the anintry.
That suet has been ha effect in those parts of this king-
dom, where the practice has most prevailed,, is bet WO ma-
nifest. Your Committee ray, where the practice has must
prevailed, bemuse they have keret thdt mow Magistrates
have resisted this, which they have deemed, with your Com-
mittee, a utieceestnietiag of the law. We may feel and
lament that a compulsory prowls/04.8er even the helpless-
mese of age sod ilifirmity, has a tewilearry to !mike" in a
degree, the World efforts of wit se provost& 'Whirl filmy
ill; hot if by asp busman inelitstire, thereat's/ wants of life
are to be obtained other, it • than by hamar exertions, the very
seeress of all industry meat he destroyed. If, therefore', the
perish be humid to find ampinymittot for those who are, from
whatever canoe, without it,- it h obvious that in cases where
the family is neiehoore, mod the loosest pride and hide-
peados= of self support is extleguitheil, it becomes on
caleuletiva a man of perfect iedifferenee, whether

the mosey regpsinte for their insintestome he derived
fonts the wage, of lithooi, or the elms of the parish.
The consequeore is, that the motive that *add nets-
rally impel men to active and faithful service is woodsy;
fur even if employment he forfeited by minonduel,
the same meson of support. ie the case supra-reed, will he
and probably little labour will be exacted in Moro;
for the pariah work is in all cases perforated without the
seperiateinlime tarotrol of private interest ; and it must be
reasnattered, that the "persons who make this deissoad
fur work on the perish, are, genially speakieg (though at
the pe nes. time it is revtainlfiPla many instances other-
air). the bast settee, the least goreituons, sod the
least irolosirious of the community. It is the 'mat of
those qualities which has, generally speaking, deprived
them of employment. It has tosisequently appeared to
your 01118111ii0C that, under this practice, sot only the
armoire of the burden of she poor's rate has become
almost overwhelatiog, bet that the amount of regular Is-
beer Its hero greatly dilation/Hai, sad its ipislity materially
impaired: and that it should be so, under such direct temp-
tatienisTinainiess, can scarcely be matter of rorpeise, es
(01.61 of idscdpasipo. Bet n striking proof of the prejudicial
ninseqeencre of this agniniee is afforded by the emus-
Moore. which Air other peeping% hes been pressed on the ab
transient of, pone Clastailase, that it is sieifitnely forted that
I saris inhabitants of a parish *Use ow acquired a fade-
vocal in it, and can obtain no such relief without loonier,.
moved, are distinguished by their activity and iridustry; cud
geserstly possess not poly the steersmen*, bet the comforts
of life; and your Committee have lately learnt with salts.
Nieto. that the operation of the Act of dins Session hes
already relieved some parodies of the metropolis from the
heavy hordes of maiutainieg numbers of permits withoot
settlements is England; who are stated " Now to support
theameives, imitrad dtf applying fur parochial relief, eager
the apprehewsion of being sent borne.'
If, therefore, from a due rossideratinn of this part of the
matinee Elie ib•th, from theopinions of early and latewriters
of authority oft the subject, from the were of the ease it-
self, sod above all from the express teems of the statute of
Will. 111. this snpposrd obligation of petition' to Rad work
fur all who require it, is at variance with the letter and dpi.
rib of the law, sad has bees, and is productive of the most
bimetal effects; it appears to your Committee, to be of the
lest importaare, that the practice of the 'country should be
made comemet with lie law I. this respect, by a new emet-
meet, specifyiag distinctly to whom, and to whom alone. re-
lief derived from a compulsory itineonnent, shall be afforded.
At the saw time they see well aware, that it Is sot at a use.
meat like the ;we're, wbes from a comerresoe of citrons-
stemma, the ettuelry is unusually embarrassed by the atember
of persons without employment, that it should be attempt-
ed to being this better system at owe into operation; and
it would be probably expedient previously to remove say
impedinieuts which are throws is the way of the free cir-
culation of labour, either by the existing laws respecting
the siettlegoest of the poor, or three which relate to
repass,. The former of which, it nowt he recollected,
slid set mist in their present fume, when th.• row-
pedozz system of providing fur the relief of the pour rem-
. Year Committee indeed recommemded to the Hume
to replace the law of settlement epos its *orient foreign, in
the Lest step loosed* removing that ',resealed. which they
demo a serious obstacle to any radical amendment of the
system; and they regret that the view which they had formed
fur the attainment of this object, sod at the same time sim-
plifying this tattooed thereby disuieishisi litigation, did not
meet with the coacerreeeeid the Hamm; which they attri-
bute rather to int apprehended operation upon particular lo-
cal littered,g dem to any defect its the principle 00 which it
was reconsvaeoded.

That the market for !about' is is seamy parte of the king-
dons at present mach overstocked, den out adult of dos.
pule. age doer your Committee believe, that in other parts
the iikeemed is greater than the supply; it is ndf probable,
therefore, that even the eatire sad immediate removal of alt
tech impediments, if it were practicable, maids( its-if, at
this mement, cure the existing evil. Other measures. assisted
by the narestrained operation of wittiest callus, will yet be
wasting In bring the kingdom, is this respect, to its orJeliary
and healthful state. Yolk Committee, therefore, mina recur
to the opinion expressed it,. the former Report, that "all
obstacles to seeking employmegt wherever it can he &awl,
eves oat of the realm, should be removed, and every facility
that is reasonable, afforded In those who may wish to retort
to some of our lowa Colouies ;" fur it seems sot unnatural,
that ibis toiletry eisiesW, at such a time, recur to an expe.
divot which has bre" adopted successfully in other times,
tad in other muskies, sap dolly as it has facilities fur this
purpose, whirl 00 other state has perhaps ever enjoyed to
the same email, by the pommies of Colonies affordiag an
extent of naciecupied territory, is which the labour of snail,
assisted bye resist nod healthy climate, would produce an
early sad :beads's. velure. Your Committee thought it
desirable to make some inquiries on Ibis subject, the result
of which will be (mad in the Miyake of Evidence.
- -

•
If by these and other means, by • coutiguance of the
blessings of peace, and • coasequent inegnseetatio• of ca-
pital, the demand and supply of labour should be nearly ha.
lamed, mad the engem of labour become a more inlequale
renmeratio• of industry, your Committee are satisfied,
that the object which they recommend might be gra-
dually attained, Without material embarrassment or 4111'-
6e-why ; provision continuing to be made by law fur the
Minn and helpless and the partial and temporary dis-
tress which might uccasiorally befall even the able and
industrious, being left, as it coufidently might, to the
aid of voluntary and discriminating benevolence, to
which ateer, it shrodd be remembered, the wants even of
age sad infirmity is 'MOIR other countries are referred. The
miaow At, limn isms led is its applitaliem, would no Swore
threaten N absorb all the sources of supply, nor matinee to
reduce the laboorigig part of She population, by the delusive
promise of pariah relief, from their natural habits of in-
,industry. The greeter part, your Committee believe, of the
sums of money whirls ore row forted into the poor's rate,
awl ender a competes ry sod for the neostifiart nieprolltable
distribiatioes, would !washable be restored to their natural
clemosel, giving thereby as becreased activity to labour, dealer
the interested but beasedleiel soperistendence alien owners;
from which world onnuestily remit a rise of wages, with
the beneficial consequences that would naturally ensue to
the labourieg cleaves ;' active sad faithful service would in.
deed be Awed indispeasoble for tbe supply of present wants;
end recourse would doubtless be bail to cipose facilities
and istilicenerets which are now ,s ordeal to realise the be-
nefit' of exertion Ind frugality. Your Committee need not
dwell no the importance of giving wastoubted security to the
acquisitions of industry, however small.
From the evidence in the Appendix to the First Report
(181?), it will be am* how much security was winding, aid
how beneficially it world in all probability operate. This
advantage. for the altainereet of which hopes only were es-
itemised at a very recent period, is now very generally af-
forded, and in, the most inviting form, by the nionerous
and soccessful establishments of Banks for Savings. They
Present the most undoubted security for the sew depo-
sited, the certain profit of interest ur aorseeulatioe, sod
the cuestas* sod learindiatecommand over the principal itself. •
If, however, insuring agnlaet the asatiorrieits of life
should be more acceptable, your Committee time!, mat the
estealstions on which bead* soaistim may be formed, will
is future be placed ea • enter foleli•fit 0080' "16.1111111i411
respresiog both tines institution bas been obtained been •
Gestieuiao to whom die politic is loader pielli.dbidllhasss
fur his swain*, in constractirg and proamodli.lbat ionise
or those establishments.
Under themie eireassistaseestynar Cosesinitere
for anxiously dirges the rouse alesallese of 16a.
suet measures as oisy.ba adloadallne silknoladjer, our
ponders from the Unprainieablaobliption of aphitdsy;
moot A.. all obis Nosy at sly damouglairecii:42;
sad to evades the road MONA hem barer