The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1826-02-06 00:00:00

DRURT-LANE THEAT'RE.
This Evening, MONDAY, Yet., ft, will be performed (Ms Hine) a
new National Ballad Opera, called
MALYIN.I.
The principal Cbsraetimi by ltreere.Walleek. Sinclair, Horn, Bedford,
!Imlay, and ifittwilliarn s Mime Stephens. Hovey. and Kehl.
Co conclude with the Pantomime of
HARLEQUIN. JACK or ALI. TRADES.
liewleastn, Mr. HoHwUI tell
Co Pantaloon.
Min B Mr. T.
arßnelanchard; Clown, Mr.
lumbine, tt.
To-morrow, Maltina & and the Pantomime.

---- ---
COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.
This gy•FIFE. MONDAY, Feb. F, will be performed
VLNICE PRZSCRVED.
SMUT, Mi. Serie; Pierre, Mr.% rade Behidere, Mri Sloman.
ro conclude with the Pantomime of
HARLEQUIN AND THE MAGleil ROSE;
or, BEAU V AND THE BEAST.
Harlequin, Mr. Eller: Pantaloon. Mr. Barnes; Clovrn. Mr. J. fr.
Grimaldi; Columbine, Hiss Romer.
To-mono*, Otrr Mannerina; and the Pantomime.

THEATRE ROTA!„ ENGLISH OPERAIHOUSE,
STN AND, opposite Waterloo Bridge.
On FRIDAY NEXT, Feb. 10.
LECTURE ON ASTRONOMY, AND TIIE PHIENOMENA OT THE
HEAVING AND OF Tilt EARTH,
To be delivered by Mr. BARTLEY on the WEDNESDAYS and FRI-
DAYS during Lent.
Satins at (even—eonelutee at Tan.

Vie Mritivit Vrtai.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
The Gentleman who has writtcn eo many Letters under the aig.
nature of " A Constant Reader." ought to know that we
cannot take any notice of anonymous communications of facts.
—_e

The BIIITIIII Paw commenced publishing on Saturday morn-
ing si a quarter past five o'clock.

LONDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1990.

The Paris Papers of Friday arrived last night, with the
Elcile dated Saturday. The Chamber of Deputies was
occupied on Thursday with the selection of the candidates
for the Presidency. Only four had obtained the absolute
majority of votes: M. RAVE!, M. CHILHAIID DE LA RI-
GAVDTE, who is now presiding by right of age, M. nE
MONTMOIIENCV, and NI. ne COI:ItTARVEL. On Friday
a fifth candidate would be elected, and then the names
would be presented to the KING for his choice, which
would, no doubt, again fall upon M. RAVEZ.

The eorreapondence from Spain holds out no expectation
of any amendment in the condition of that wretched coun-
try. Many diplomatic notes have lately passed between the
Government of King FERDINAND and the Ministers of the
Great Powers at Madrid, relative to the independence of
the new States of America : but no advance has been ap-
parently made upon the obstinate prejudices of the Spanish
Court. The official Gazette endeavours to console its
readers for the loss of the colonies, by showing how little
confidence some of the South Americans have in Bo Lir •/1.
For this purpose it publishes a letter purporting to be from
Dr. FRANC' A, the Director of Paraguay, and reiterating his
determination not to enter into any political relations with
the surrounding States. From some phrases in this
epistle we doubt Its authenticity ; but admitting it to be
genuine, it only proves a fact with which the world were
already well acquainted. FRANCIA has succeeded in
establishing a sort of patriarchal government like that of
the Jesuits formerly in that country ; but his system will
expire with him, and his life is now much extended be-
yond the ordinary duration of human existence.
On the 13th of November the French Consul-General
for Hayti, M. Matt a, bad a public audience of President
BOY ER. Complimentary speeches were as usual delivered
on each side. The meeting of the Legislative Chamber of
Hayti was fixed by Proclamation for the 10th of January.
A postscript of the Etoile announces another military
revolt in Russia. In this instance, however, the at-
tempt, though desperately made, was feebly supported
and easily suppressed. The chief actor was a relative of
an individual implicated in the Mutiny at St. Peters-
burgh. He succeeded only in drawing after him half
a regiment. They were immediately pursued, and
surrounded. Up to the 20th ult. the tranquillity of Poland
continued undisturbed. The Emperor NICHOLAS is said
to be resolved upon demanding the strict and prompt exe-
cution 01 the Treaty of Bucharest. Nothing will contribute
more to his popularity than the adoption of a menacing
tone and attitude toward the Porte, supposing that he should
by other considerations be restrained from having recourse
to actual hostilities.
[From the Etoilc dated Saturday, Feb. 4.1
• MADRID, Jas. St.
i The Cozeffc of the 21st contain.; an article, dated Cadiz, Jan.
t 13, in which is the answer given by Dr. Francis, Governor of
' Paraguay, to Bolivar, who invited him to contribute to the general
independence of America. We shall give this answer, because it
provw how little confidence Bolivar has been able to inspire in that
' country :

" Fellow Countrymen,
" The English, the Chilian. and the Brazilians have manifested
the same wish as Colombia, but without any other result than the
confirmation of the principle on which is founded the happy admi-
nistration which has delivered this province from such rapine and
misfortune. We shall never depart from this principle till the
New World shall have recovered the tranquillity which it enjoyed
before the appearance of the revolutionary apostles who hide under
the olive of peace their perfidious daggers, in order to bathe with
blood the liberty which these ambitious men extol to us. But
Paraguay knows them, and as long as it is able it never will re-
nounce its system ; at least so long as 1 shall lie at the head of its
government, 1 shall know how to employ the sword of justice to
make the sacred cause respected which we hare to defend.
66 1 beg God. Sir, to preserve you many years.
" Aug. 23. 11125. D. FRANCIA."
By an ordinance of the Bth of this month, the King has resolved
on the proposal of the junta of putification, that no person having
' a salary under Government shalt receive his salary without first
presenting a certificate of purification.
PARTS, Fru.
On Tuesday there was a council of commerce at M. de Villele's.
M. Maier, Consul-general, and charge d'affairea of Franc.?, in
Hayti, delivered on the 10th November his credentials, and those
of tho other two Consuls, to General Inginac, Secretary-genen.ll,
who after laying them before President Buyer, delivered to M.
Dialer the usual excquatur.
On the 13th, the President received in a public audience the
Consuls of his Most Christian Majesty ; the Captain of the Anti-
gone frigate and the officers of his Ruff.
After the audience, his Excellency conversed for some time with
M. Dialer and Captain Melient, of the Antigone. That frigate
sailed on the 15th, to convey the French Consul and Vice-Consul
to Cayes, and Caps Hayden.
Postscript..—Private letters state that the regiment of Tcher-
' nigof, cantoned in the environs of Gitomir, (the second corps
of General Sacken) having been aeseribled by order of its Colonel,
N. Gebel; Lieutenant-Colonel Blonravissf, advancing before the
line,fell upon him with his sword,and wounded him in seven places,
and turning to the regiment, lie said, " Come en my lads, this la
the moment to act ;" and that he was followed by half the regi-
ment, the other half of which remained faithful.
It is sailed, that the rebels were pursued, and surrounded. This
31outariof, a relation of him who is impliotted by the investiga-
tion at St. Petersburgh, was strongly suspected, and had received
notice that he was going to be arrested.
We have received news from Poland of the 29th January. Every
thing was tranquil there.
ilraut the Journal de Paris of Friday, Feb. 2.1
(PRIVATE LETTER.)
FRANKFORT ON THE ODER, JAN. 25.
The last letters from St. Petersburgh announce that extraordi-
nary activity prevails in the office of the Minister for Foreign Af.
fairs, and also in the War Office, which maintain a constant cor-
respondence with the head-quarters at Alohilow, Tulczyn, and
Kischeneff. There is a report of freak instructions sent by the Mi.
nister of IVar to the General-in-Chief of the Armies of the South
and the West,to Gen. Sabsnieff, who commands in Bessarabia, and
which are in some manner cattneeted with thedespatches lately trans.
nutted to 51. Minlacky, Russian Chalee d'Affaires at Constantino-
ple,aromling to which he is to acquaint the Reis Effendi with the in-
tentions of the new Emperor that the Porte shall at length explain
the delay of the evacuation of the Principalities by its troops, in
violation of the treaty of Bccharest, the execution of which Russia
has long demanded in vain.

FRENCII k rs, FEB. S.—Fire per Cents. 99f. 25c.
—Three per Cents. Ge.f. 45c.-t.liank Stock, 2045f.—Rente de Na-
plea, 70f. Bac.—Rented'Eepagne, Spanish Lon 49;i f.
—Martian Loan 785f.—Exclia-ge on London (money), one
month, 25f. 39c.% three ditto, 251. 5c.--Coara Autheniique.

We have received the Brussels Papers of •Saturday.
The British Consul-General at Antwerp bad notified pub-

licly to the merchants that the two treaties lately nego-
tiated by Sir C. STUAILT with the Brazilian Government
would not be ratified by this country without important
modifications.

The great work of revising the Prussian Legislature is,
it,is announced, on the eve of being carried into execution.
The two Chambers of the Hungarian Diet have agited
as to the terms in which they shall frame their new repre-
sentation to the Estr etioa. It is to be translated into the
popular tongue.
A difference has e•curred between the Govern/tents of
Prussia and Hesse Darmstadt with regard to the right of
jurisdiction over a political pnsoncr.
_

The following extracts are thow to which we refer :
Bar9asts, Ism. 3.

A letter from Berlin, of 22d January, says, that in the house of
Prince Abaliski, who, as is well known, shot himself at the
moment of his being arrested, papers were found which give its.
wrtant information respecting the sedition which broko out on dm
2fith December lest at St. Petershurgh. It adds, that several pet.
sons hate been arrested at Moscow, but no names are mentioned.
Beattsr, Jan. 27.
The revision of the legislation of the kingdom, on which a mi.
nisterial commission has been engaged for theso two years, seems
on the eve of being carried into execution. All the superior tribu-
nals hare been invited to give thine opinions, which must be sent to
the Commission by the Ist March nest. It will then meet, and
take thoseopinions for the basis of its labours. The bar will also
he consulted, mid several members of the Superior Court of Berlin
arc appointed referendiuies for the revision in !question.
VIEN ea, JAW. VI.
We learn by accounts from Pretburg of the 2thh, that the two
Chambers of the Diet having agreed, in the sittings of the 17th and
18th, on the terms of the representation to be addressed to the
Emperor, it was read and approveu in the latter sitting, and
ordered to be translated into the Hungarian language. It will be
read once more in the sitting of this day, then signed, and sent to
his.blajesty.

FRANxtoRT, JAN. 27.
A difference of opinion ham arisen between the Prussian Govern.
ment and that of Hesse Darmstadt, nn account of 3lessrs.Hoffmann
and Ruhl. [lcarian subjects, now confined in the castle of Coepenick.
near Berlin, whither they were taken to be confronted with other
individuals accused of revolutionary intrigues. The Prussian Go.
vernment would have them tried by the tribunal at Coepenick,
whereas the Grand Doke of Ilesae thinka that the preliminary in.
terrogatoties being concluded, Messrs. Hoffmann and Rohl ought
to be sent back to Darmstadt, to be tried before their natural judges.

We understand that the health of the Emperor of At7s-
TRIA is in a declining state. He has been advised to take
up his residetice at Florence, for the sake of breathing his
natal air. The malady with which his Majesty is afflicted
arises , from an affection of the pylorus, which has mani-
fested itself by external symptoms. The Imperial Govern-
ment will be confided to a Council of Regency at Vienna,
under the Presidency of one of the Archdukes.

The science of Political Economy has become of such
extreme importance, from the high quarters in which its
principles are adopted, and from the disposition which so
strongly prevails to bring them radically to the test in
all the concerns of trade and commerce, that the most
essential service which the daily press can render to the
country is, to call the public attention to the doctrines by
which the national interests of this great commercial king.
dom are to be regulated, and by the failure or success of
which it must stand or fall. We do not mean to contend
that it may not be very proper and very profitable to banish
all our old habits of reasoning and judging, on matters of
trade and finance, aid that our merchants and manufac-
turers should put theniselvea under training in the new
academy. It may be very right that, discarding the
worn-out wisdom of our forefather., we should mac-
adamize the road to wealth, and that for this purpose we
should begin by breaking up the old materials. AU that
we would entreat is, that these theories may be well exa-
mined before all those perilous consequences are incurred
which seem likely to follow in the train of them. If such
of our statesmen as arc converse to the new creed of politi-
cal philosophy went no farther than to rehearse the articles
of their belief, there would then be little or no danger from
its errors. Certain philosophers of old were of opinion
that all the solid matter in the universe might be contained

in a nut-shell. If we knew that all who are at the
head of affairs actually entertained this notion, it would
give us no uneaainera. But if we should hear from
authority that it was intended to pound down a few of
us with a pestle and mortar, in order to ascertain the least
possible' compass into which our dust could be packed, we
should then begin to look about us. So it ie we feel
as to the doctrines of the Economists; before the profea-
sots proceed to their experiments we should like to have
our doubts cleared up. At present wo hear a great deal
said about the amount of the gain, but not a word about
the extent of the sacrifice.
Two things there are that strike us very strongly in the
political Economists—their utter inattention to the nature
of man—and their stoical indifference to the results of expe-
rience. What can exemplify this more clearly than their
doctrines on the subject of pope/alien ? In Great Britain, it
seems, the working classes have gone en adding to their
numbers till they have overstocked the market for labour;
and the only remedy which they recommend for this--and
they recommend it with all their powers of persuasion—is,
' that they should abstain from marrying until the conse-
quent deer ease in their numbers shall make labour scarce,
and thus put them in a condition to demand from their
employers a higher rate of wages. This is the sum and
substance of their panacea ; 'but lest we should by possi-
bility misconceive them, we will give it in the words of
Mr. APCVLCOCH :
" There is plainly only one way of really improving the
condition of the great majority of the community, or of the
labouring class, and that is, by increasing Me ratio of ea-1
pita! to production,"—by which phrase Mr. 111'CuLl.LOCH
means, although he seems purposely to have avoided ex-
pressing himself in plainer terms, that this class should
abstain from marrying, that capital may go on increasing,
while the labouring population is diminishing. If this
be done the rate of wages will be proportionally aug-
mented, and the labourers will rise in the scale of
society ; whereas, if the ratio of capital to population
be diminished, wages will be proportionally reduced, and the
condition of the labourers changed for the worse. Unfor-
tunately, the labourers have very little power over the
increase or diminution of the national capital; but they
are all-powerful in respect to the increase or diminution of
the supply of labour. And if they had only good sense
and intelligence suCicient to avail themselves of this power,
they might, by understocking the market with labour,
render their wages high, notwithstanding the demand for
their services should happen to be diminished; while, if
they do not avail themselves of this power, but allow the

. -
principle of rpulation to exert its natural tendency to
overstock the market with labour, wages will be low, to
whatever extent the demand for labour may be increased.
It appear", therefore, that the lower classes arc in a very
great degree the arbiters of their own fortune. What
others can do for them is.really, to use Mr. M A Lis if t.•:.es
words, but as the dust of the balance, compared with what
the,/ can do fir themselves."
We are satisfied that these political philosophers mean
well, and that their sole aim is to produce the utmost sum
of human felicity. They have no intention, we are quite
sure, to introduce the principles of free trade into the com-
merce of the sexes, but that, on the contrary, they arc the
warm advocates of moral restraint, and.for the rigorous

practice of all the virtues. But what alarms us—and what we
are most grieved to learn--is, that the law of nature is at war
with the nature cf wages, and that it is only by completely
subduing the inborn and overruling impulse of their being,
that "the condition of thc great majority of the community
can be improved." If it be so—if the condition of the
working-classes cau never be improved, until they shall
have consented neither to marry nor be given in marriage,
and,—in spite of the Apostle's admission, that "it is better
to marry than burn, '—shall be content to burn in virtuous
eelebacy, down to the very last snuff, that they may keep
the vine-yard of labour understocked ;—we say, if it be
true that the well-being and happiness of society depend
upon this—we despair of its.ever being at all better than
it is. Moderation and temperance are virtues which lie
at the basis of all human happiness. The more men

- -
inure their appetites to discipline, the more satisfaction of
mind will they inherit, and the more will they enjoy of
that peace which the world cannot give nor take away.
But that is an unsound state of society, which demands
from any class of the community that higher degree of
abstinence which calls for the sacrifice of all those feel-
ings which bind the relations of life together, and of all
those engagements which make up the moral condition
of society. If the political economists would turn their
labours to account, they would do well to investigate
the causes which make every additional family which the
labouring classes bring into the world a burden on their
industry and a barrier to its reward. These effects must
have adequate causes. There must be something radically
defective in the system of which this is the result ; and if
these writers would search out the circumstances which
give birth to it, they would entitle themselves to the deep
and lasting gratitude of their country. Bat to leave the
origin of the evils which are to be provided against wholly
unexplored, and, by way of remedy, to enjoin upon the
great body of the manufacturing community the most
austere privations that can be imposed upon the nature of
social man, and all this for the purpose of " INC RE ASI NG
the rat:.a of capital to population"—is to render no real ser-,
vice to the cause either of public morals or of political
science. The people at large can never be benefitted by
such habits of thinking; they arc neither friendlylto vir-
tue nor favourable to happiness ; nor do we know what
stronger reproach can be cast upon our commerzial and
manufacturing system, than that its ill rewards the in-
dustry that upholds it, as to leave the labouring cloaca
unable to provide for the continuance of their species! If
the fact were so, and this reproach were deserved—the
ECONOMISTS, we think, would ill employ their time and
talents, if they could not discover many laws that it would
infinitely more useful to repeal than the law of propaga-
tion.

CITY SATURDAY EVENING.

The speculations in the Funds to.day have been upon
rather an extensive scale, and the fluctuation in the prices
has amounted to 3 per cent. A greater degree of interest
has been excited by the transactions, from the decided
manner in which some of the leading dealers have sup-
ported the Market since the commencement of the Account;
and ,41:, great has been their influence, that merely the sus-
picion of their effecting further purchases has led to a
slight improvement, without aotually any fresh bargains
having been made. But, however extensive the purchases
in time bargains, very little is doing in Money Stock,
which appears to be the necessary consequence of the want
of capital in the City ; so that, with the small amount of
Stock takeu by the Commissioners for the reduction of the
Debt, we should suppose that the transfers of the Bank, on '
each transfer day, do not exceed half what they were in the
beginning of last year.
Consols for Account opened at 791 sellers ; and, without
any material effort, rose to 804. There was much realizing
on this advance; but up to the termination of business the
depression did not exceed 3 per cent. No sanguine expec-
tation is indulged, that until after the promulgation of the
Budget, on the 2lth instant, any unfavourable impression
can be made on the Funds; but unless the evil occasioned
by the scarcity of money be removed, there is no sufficient
ground for concluding that the re-action in the Funds will
be considerable. It is on this account that the Jobbers
continue to take, with avidity, very trifling profits on their
accounts.

India anti Bank Stock have both been very heavy to-
day; the former has fallen from 2363/4 to 23t, while the
latter, early this morning, was sold at 2111, but left off
about 1 per cent. higher.
There has been little business done in the Foreign Funds
to-day, the quotations remaining nearly the same as yes-
terday. Greek Bonds have not recovered from the recent
depression, and from 113/4 to 15, in the absence of further
news. In Spanish Bonds there have been a few bargains
at from 113/4 to 12. French Rentes are also 1 per cent.
higher. The variation has been but trifling in South
American Securities since yesterday ; indeed the atten-
tion of speculators has been so 'closely rivetted to
English Securities for several days past from the cir-
cutnatancea that we have noticed at the beginning of
this article, that the Foreign Market has been in a
great measure neglected. Colombian Bonds were 58j;
Mexican 6 per cents. 661 ; Chilian 66 ; Peruvian 41; Bra-
zilian 59 ; and Buenos Ayres 65.
The Share Market remains comparatively without
business.—The United Mexican Mining Shares have fallen
to 23/4 ; the Brazilian to 2, while the Castello are quoted at
2 dis., and the Potosi at 21 dis.; Real Del Mcnte Shares
were sold with difficulty at par. Some bargains were con-
cluded in the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company,
at 19 premium. The Shares in the Australian Company
rose to t premium. The Provincial Bank of Ireland
Shares areas low as 4} discount.

The King of Spain, who is himself a' pattern of mo-
rality and propriety, is very busy just now punishing a
scandalous offence which has excited horror and indignation
in the court circles of Madrid. His Majesty has banished
to the distance of 20 leagues from all the Royal Palaces
the Marchioness de Miranda, widow of the Marquess of
that name, who died two years ago. The cause of her
disgrace is the marriage, which at the age of above sixty,
she has contracted with her Steward, without the consent
of his Majesty, who has even taken from her the power of
disposing of such of her property as is not settled. Though
King Ferdinand is extremely severe with respect to tle-
rogatory marriages contracted by the Nobility, they are ne-
vertheless, we understand, very frequent.
Extract cf a letter, dated Lisbon, Jan. is.—" But for
the constant communication we have by the English pack-
kets, we should be in total ignorance of what is going
on in the world ; for this place is the dullest of the dull—
no trade; nothing but sloth, ignorance, and filth meet the
eye at every turn. On the morning the last packet arrived
from England, with accounts of Commercial distteas, thir-
teen commercial houses, the first in repute, stopped pay-
ment in this city. On Sunday the sth inst. the first
merchant vessel bearing the Brazilian flag entered the
Tagus. On the 1 lth an English schooner, the Fanny of
Bristol, laden with bottles, iron, and copper, coming in in
the night, ran on shore, on the South Catchop. Her cargo
' was saved by the Aurora, which ship slipped her moorings
and went down to her assistance, but, though the service
was well performed, the surf ran so high, that the Aurora
lost flier barge.—The good old King of Portugal is some-
what recovered from the disorder in his legs: he has re-
moved to his residence across the river. NVltenever he pays
the debt of nature, there will be a fine ' turn out' here.
1 hen will the purposes of the British squadron lying here
be apparent, in the protection of British property, and
affording asylum to the present King's Friends, whom the
Queen and bun Miguel will soon cause to take flight. The
Ocean (flag), 71, Albion, 7t, Aurora, and GlasgoW fri-
gates, are at present in the Tagus."—I furnpshire Teleqraph.
The Conslitutionvel states that Navareto, the Aide-de-
Camp of Bolivar. has left Paris for England, and that the
Liberator has decided to command the expedition against
Cuba.