The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-10-05 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA..

[From the Near York Gazette of September 7.1
PERU.
Advice' have been received from Lima to the 31st May.
The Congress still continue in session in Lima, and have panes
many laws tee the organization of the different departments of the
government s the establishment of seminaries of learning through.
out the Republic, many of which, upon the I.ancasterian systeir.
are now in operation in the capital ; and the suppression of all tl
institntions established by the crown, as are not conducive to pus.
lie interest,
There was a report prevailing in Lima of some political
turhance in Chili, and that the cities of Coquimbo and ceecepi.o4
had instructed their mpreseutatires tot to attend the next Congos'.
The,dissatiefaction grew out of some of the measure* of the preset
-gtivernment.
The Congress of Pau has, by a late decree, imirred ten r,,,
cent. cdditional duty on American domestic manufactures, ii,uho
the whole duty now forty per cent., to take eireet eight mood.
after the 3d of this month. It is *opposed that this change 0.,
effected through the influence of the British merchants, our
mesties, from their superiority, having in a great measure scl
plied the place of East Indio piece goods. The deuree is I
upon as a gross imposition by all Americans. The Ilet j S
chants pay a duty of only thirty per cent.
By another decree of the Congress, all Spanish manuracturst
are prohibited under penalty of confiscating vessel and c.irgo,
decree is to take effect eight months from the bit of .pail Le.
The officers of the American and British navies in the par:!:,
are on the most friendly t[l2lll, not an instance of disagree:lir
having taken place for a long time. Indeed, the promptness
which the British squadron renders services to our nurclistater,
when the United States squadron is not in port, is such as erinch
the best feelings, and calls forth the drinks of all Americans. I
cannot forbear mentioning a handsome complivient paid to tl o
Peacock by the British ship Cambridge. Captain dialing, ar
will go to confirm the friendly intercourse between the two lieu:.
rolls, and to show the respectable light in which we are
Cambridge had got under way for l'alparaiso, and stretched two
or three miles to sea, when he tacked, stood in. and came itt.
mediately under the bows of the Peacock. /it this moment sit
saluted the Peacock with " Hail Columbia," front a full bane..
Captain Kennon acknowledged the compliment by ordering
crew along the rigging, where they gave three hearty cheers, tit
lithish band still playing our national air.
The cause of liberty has been so ably supported in all South
Amer:ca, that there only remains two Spanish forces, those on
bland of Chiloe, of no importance, and those in the CISI:t1 of Cp.
leo. The latter, amounting in number to 2000 men, are tom.
n:anded by General liodil, and are closely besieged by the conthirc
forces of Colombia and Peru, while a Chilian squadron coniplex:y
prevents their receiving supplies to any extent by sea.
The eligible military situation and remarkable strength of Cal.
lao render the storming of the Castles impracticable, sad Imre tc
the patriots the only alternative of forcing them to terms by starts.
• lion ; but how soon they will be able to effect this, no correct opi.
nion car, be formed ; for although the Governor, army, and I'M.
dents of Callao are reduced to great distress for want of premium.,
still they had been so for a month previous, living altogether cc
fish, caught, however, in very large quantities, while the spitit and
determination with which 'Gen. Rodil withstands the siege, sill,.
presses all attempts at revolt, and compels his troops to observe
proper discipline, induce many to believe that three our font
months must elapse before the patriots obtain possession of rte
place. Indeed, the energy and penetration si bleb this meat
displays are truly surprising; and it is these qualities al,re
which have enabled him to hold out as long ns he Las ;
for if we have to confide in the representations of a ire de.
serters, who have succeeded in eluding his vigilance, one half his
troops are ready to leave him, did they not dread the consequence el
a failure in the attempt. On the 23d of this month, he discovc-td
the plan of a revolt, to be headed by his aide Villuon, the colonel of
the Arequipa regiment, and four other officers of rank. The exam.
pie he will doubtless make of these men will be such as will die.
tually intimidate others from an attempt of the kind for some time
to come. He has only about three hundred men that he dare tru.:
outside the gates.
General Bolivar has gone to Cuzco. and is not expected back to
Lima for Eve or six months. General La Mar is invested with teLl
powers to act in his absence. A Lieutenant, aided by a sergeant,
of the patriot army, undertook about the first of this month, to
excite a revolt among the blacks not in the service, intending to
carry them over to the castles, but were detected, and paid with
their lives the failure of their ill contrived scheme. This is the
only disposition of the kind which has shown itself among the pa.
triot forces for a considerable time.
The police of Lima has become extremely vigilant, and in
several instances has evinced considerable alacrity in detecting
those who are engaged in robberies and other crimes, which, when
the cases have been aggravated, have been punished with death.
Although this measure appears extremely harsh, no other resource
can be found at the present moment sufficiently effectual to intim:-
, date others from similar acts.

W Admiral (liaise has been arrested in Ouavaquil, brought to
and thrown into prison, whero he is fiaardOa by a atosiaal. •ll
terconrse with his friends is denied him. It is the general opinion
that envy, and the prospect of an early moment arriving when Its
services can be dispensed with, as much as any thing deer hare
prompted this treatment.