Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-10-22 00:00:00

of the address issued sometime since by the Man-
sion House Committee, and gives the names of the
gputlemen on the Committee as a guarantee.
£4O 000 has been already sent to India. It is not
stated whether this has been deemed satisfactory
by the Worcester gentlemen.

Yesterday, at Aberdeen, was hanged James
Booth, convicted of murdering his mother-in-law
in July last. He denied, on the scaffold, the truth
of what he said about provocation at the trial.
As extraordinary a case of mistaken identity as
we ever remember to hai-e heard of was brought to
light in the Marylebone Police Court, London, on
rues -lay. Mr. John Probert, a wealthy farmer
residing in Monmouthshire, was arrested on a
charge of being concerned in a robbei y of watches
and gold chains at jeweller's soup ; but it was
proved, on the clear and irrefutable evidence of
three trustworthy witnesses, that he was on his own
farm in Wales at the time of the robbery. As the
magistrates ramarked, the case of alibi was most
satisfactorily proved ; alid yet the principal witness
for the prosecution swore positively as to the
prisoner's identity with the suspected thief. It is
fearful to contemplate what might have been Mr.
Probert's rate had he been a man without money
or friends. Ho might have been consigned to a
doom which to him would have been worse than
death.

Of local news to-day there is very little. We
report, at some length, the proceedings at two
Yard meetings—Scotland-road and Abereromby.
In another column►, our readers will find a full
report of the proceedings that took place at
the Wirral Court Lect, which Court, it has bee❑
stated, was anhilated—done away with—but it
will be seen that such is not the case. Mr.
Judge Grace is determined to make Mr.
Christopher Bushel succumb to the jurisdic-
tion of the Court ; for further particulars we
would direct the attention of the reader to the
ample report published in another portion of to-
da)'s paper.

The news from abroad This morning, though not
of much importance, is of a very inftrcisting
ch7racter. The health of the King of Prussia has
undergone no change. The intellectual faculties
of his Mwjesty have not suffered, except, as it
seetw, his memory. We find iu a Prus3ian paper,
a rumour that the Prince of Prussia, if appointed
Regent, I%ould supplant the present ministry by
one of strongly pronounced liberalism. It is
h'ghly improbable that the Prince, as a mere
regent, should resolve upon such a step.
The German Diet is to assemble in a few days.
and the chi' f point of interest is whether the .qurs-
tion of the Danish Duehies will be brought before
it. The Danish Supreme C•:uncil is convoked for
the 14th of January, which shows that if the King
is really inclined, as rumour says, to matte one
more coacillis.tory proposition, he feels in no hurry
to do so:

An organ of Russian opinion, we may here 013
serve, namely, the MudUde Rune, discusses the
whole Indian evestion from a somewhat d:ffrent
point of view to that with which we are alcus-
:omed in r ngland. It argues that if there be a
necessity to reconquer India, such a work will
bo beyond the capacity of England, but it inti-
mates its opinion to be that is is a work which
Europe might successfully undertake. Then
what would be done for India after. Europe has
reconquered it? Would it be made over to Eng-
land, or to France, cr to EUSSI3, or to all Our
Russian cotemperary shrinks from raising such a
question, but it suggests that India might be
placed under European p;.oteetorate, and that a
new and special work for Europe would be to
discuss the propogation of civilisation among the
natives of Hindes'an.

The rise in the rate of discount by the
Bank of France, has created some excitement
in Paris. It now is 7 per cent. This rate
of interest mast appear enormous to French
tradesmen, since it is only by virtue of a very
recent law that the Bank is enabled to charge
more than 6 per cent., and this in law was never
acted upon till last week, when, for the first time,
the rate was put up to 6 per cent. Under such
novel circumstances it would be very difli
cult to say what the effect of the measure
is likely to be. It is to be. feared that we shall
hear of some disastrous and unusual occur-
rence from Ang,u.s. A receiver-general of taxes
has suspended payment. The deficit is reported to
be ten millions of francs The person in question
was a man of large fortune, but has b3en unfor-
tunate in speculations at the Boursa and in the
corn mai ket.

A letter from Zurich states that thirty commercial
houses engaged principally in the silk and ribbon
busi:.ess have failed there.

years, and at the end of that time we believe the
Cotton Supply Association at that time will
have given up all hope of help from that quarter,
seeing that after the suppression of the mutiny
the East India Directors will be without a
shilling to expend on such works, as we have
alluded to. Every penny that can be raised, by
taxation or otherwise, will be required for erecting
fortresses, barracks, and such like undertakings,
and if is very properly hinted that should the
Indian Empire be annexed to the Crown of
England, it is not probable that Her Majesty's
Government would make financial arrangements
that were not quite indispensable. Under all these
circumstances, we see clearly the East India
Company are not likely to grant assistance for
the objects referred to.
It is not to be denied that some means must
be taken to obtain increased supplies of Cotton,
and that we must not be left entirely at the
mercy of the United States, and it becomes
a question of significance, and one in
which almost every one is interested—
namely, what is to hinder the proper cultivation
of Cotton in India? The dacument which called
forth our present remarks was subsequent to one
sent to the East India Company, calling upon
them to make roads, improve the navigation, and
otherwise promote and extend the public works
of India, so as to aid the cultivation of cotton in
certain districts of India. Some may object,
and say that this is a work which the American
Government does not perform. True, but it
gives large free grants of land for the purpose of
encouraging the construction of roads and
railways. There, capital and energy have the
widest scope, though the cultivator of the soil is
little more than a mere machine—" a hewer of
wood and a drawer of water." Notwithstanding
that England detests slavery in every form, prac-
tical experience has shown that her government
in India has fettered both nature and industry,
and both have been kept in servile bondage.
The land system of India is bad in the extreme,
and until the Government adopts another and
more reasonable and equitable method of dealing
with this important matter, there is little hope
that any great extension or improvement can
take place;in Indian Cotton cultivation.
Such a system engenders the worst feelings.
The cultivator of the soil—alias, the ryot—has
not the means to cultivate the land as it ought
to be tilled. The Indian Executive neglects —it
may be refuses —to aid in the construction or
repair of the roads, or to act considerately. Hence,
;an everyday experience teaches us that
nothing can bring the Indian peasant
nor the native merchant to perceive
that they lose by adulteration. Their
modes of growth and manufacture are imperfect,
and their schemes of barter and buying and
selling are imperfect, and without system ; uncer-
tainty marks the progress of industry, trade,
and commerce, so that we need not wonder that,
under such a system, " Indian Cotton " is
generally poor in quality, and limited in the
extent of growth.

WE have more than once pointed out that
much of the disaffection which pravails in India
was more or less attributable to the want of
forethought, or the.utter indifference, on the part
of the Governing authorities in the respective
Presidencies; and, though last not least, the
East India Company. In this opinion we are
borne out by the fact that there has just now
made its appearance, in the public journals, the
copy of a memorandum forwarded to the East
India Directors, in which the various essentially
necessary works " to increase the quantity and
improve the quality, and reduce the cost, of
Cotton exported from India," are put forward.
This document has been drawn up and for-
warded to the Court of Directors in London,
by the Cotton Supply Association of Man-
chester. It sets forth that, for the purposes
aforesaid, it is necessary to obtain 286,0001
but that sum is not intended in any way to
interfere with, or supersede the previous pro-
posal made by the Association to raise and
apply a sum of four millions annually, for five
years, in such public works as may be
considered necessary for the development
of the country. There is no doubt that the
plans suggested by the Cotton Supply Asso-
ciation would, if properly carried out, do
much, not only for a more extensive, but
improved, culture of the Cotton plant in Ilin los-
tan, and by increasing its supply, and improving
the quality, it would be brought into competition
with that produced by the United States, the
consequence of which would be a reduction in
the cost. This would be of immense advantage
to this country. One would have expected that
a proposition, important not only to this country,
but vastly more so to the native population of
India, would have been seized upon by the
Directors of the East India Company. Not so,
however. It is true that the Secretary of the
Directors, Sir JAMES MELVILLE, sends our neigh-
bours in Manchester a courteous reply, in which.
on the part of Directors, he candidly admits the
vast importance of the subject, the practical
character of the suggestions, and declares that
the whole matter has their warmest sympathies•
But, being saddled with the war in India, it is
not convenient to give directions that the
suggestions" alluded to should be carried out.
What does this mean ? Simply. it tells all who are
anxious for the extension of Cotton in India, tosay
no more about the matter for at least a couple of

It is for these reasons that we commenced
those remarks by asserting that the Indian
mutiny owes much of its origin to the defective
government of that vast empire. In the article
of Cotton alone they have been most remiss.
No one disputes the capability of the soil to
produce large quantities of the best quality, but
to do so it is requisite to construct roads,
harbours, piers, &c. This the Indian Govern_
ment has neglected. 'We trust, however, when
Parliament assembles, that this matter will, not
escape the able and eloquent member for Bir-
mingham, who has more than once urged the
great importance of every one interested in the
welfare of India to foster and encourage the
growth of Cotton there.

Oa Tuesday we alluded to. the nature and
objects of LORD CANNING'S order to regulate the
punishment of the Sepoy mutineers, and from
that and other acts of d -cided mismanagement,
contended that his Lordship's re-call is an imper-
ative duty which the Government and the East
India Company coul I not hesitate to carry into
immediate execution. Truthful, indeed, are the
remarks of one of our metropolitan cotemporaries
in alluding to the " order." " The Governor
General might have displayed a nobler trust in
inborn humanity of the British civilians, and
soldiers ; while he might at least have recognised
the imperative demand which exists for the in-
fliction of a great example of power, and of justice,
in avenging the devasta.ion in India." Without,
however, dwelling futher upon the " order"
alluded to, and the absolute nece.ssity for a change
in our Indians rule, it becomes neecessary to
enquire who is the most fitting man to succeed
LORD CANNING.

present juncture, must be a statesman who has
studied the habits and dispositions of its people,
and one whom the stern dictates of justice,
softened', y the principles of humanity and
mercy, shall guide, in all his dealings with the
country and its inhabitants. The longer the
struggle is protracted the more difficult will it
be to attain the good wishes or secure a pure
and permanent allegiance from the people of
India. Hence it is that bold and instant must
be our dealings with the mutineers. They must
be taught the terrible extent of our power, and
by the example of condign punishment for their
atrocities, made to feel that their resistance to
British authority, and the unparalleled massacres
by which it was evinced, cann at—will not—be
tolerated; and that all who aid and abet such
rebellions must prepare to encounter the invincible
arm of England.

The merchants of Calcutta, and other influen-
tial residents in that city, seem to be entirely
imbued with sentiments similar to the foregoing.
They feel that Lord CANNING is not " the right
man in the right place," and they have cast
their eyes around them to look for a successor,
and have come to the conclusion that Lord
ELLENBOROUGH is, of all other statesmen of the
present day, the one best qualified for the task
of tranquilising India, and laying the founda-
tion for its future good and peaceful government
On the breaking out of•the mutiny, Lord ELLEN-
BOROUGH, in!his place in Parliament, enunciated
his views at some length. He spoke with
authority, for his observations were the result of
actual experience, The British residents in
India have endorsed his sentiments with their
approval. They see in him one who is possessed
of the capacity for military policy and affairs,
hence it is that h:s appointment would by them
be regarded with satisfaction, and inspire confi-
dence in the tact and energy with which he
would meet and deal with the crisis. We are no
admirers of the political views 1121 d by Lord
ELLENBOROUGH, but as we consider that as the
aspect of affairs in India is of a • most serious
character, it becomes the duty of the Govern-
ment at home to select the hest man, no matter
to what political party he belongs Lord ELLEN-
BOROUGH, like every other public man, has his
demerits as well as his merits, but if we calmly
balance both together, we will not fail to observe
that the latter predominate, and that, every
thing considered, he is about the foremost
statesman we have now got for the immediate
work that there is to be done in India. He may
be sneering and insulting in speech, but he is
full of sagacity and vigour, two most essential
elements in the Governor-General of India. His
policy would be nearly the reverse of Lord
CANNING, for in him the military service would
have a staunch supporter. This the civilians
detest and fear, and it is not at all unlikely
the authorities in Thwning and Leadenhail-
streets may take a similar view.
Lord ELLENBOROUGH has lately given publi-
city to his present impressions and opinions
respecting India, and although his Lordship is
reputed to be a man disposed to carry his point
with a high hand, nevertheless in the letter
which he has addressed to the members of the
Winchcomb Agricultural A sociation he states
" Vengeance belongs to a higher power, but to
punish crime so signally as to deter all hereafter
from the commission, and to vindicate our
Sovereign authority, is no doubt our right, and
it is our duty." His Lordship, although full of
high hope respecting the victorious operations
of the British army, does not consider that our
Indian difficulty 1. is not a sudden temporary
danger to be repelled by sudden temporary
exertion." This is the language of a man of
experience, one who knows India, and can form
a true estimate of all the difficulties and dangers
which attend an Indian campaign. He tells us,
too, that the military institutions of this country,
managed as they now are, are insufficient per-
manently to supply the number of men required
to reconquer what we have lost, and to hold our
empire hereafter. in security. Sentiments such
as these at once show that, however faulty in
other matters Lord Ellenborough is, he has the
quality of knowing the position of affairs in
India, and would bring to bear upon all his
experience, knowledge, and sagacity in restoring
civil authority in all the provinces. We cannot,
then, come to any other conclusion than what we
have already intimated, that Lord ELLENBOROUGH
seems to be the man for the crisis. He would
not perplex, as Lord CANNING has done, by
red tape routine, the military operations of the
gallant Sir COLIN CAMPBELL. He would be
merciful to the people of India, for his best
endeavours would be to put down the mutiny,
and then proceed to devise ways and means for
the future government, on principles that would
promote the moral and social condition of the
whole population.

That a most important crisis has taken place
in India no one can deny. The murde s of the
mutineers, and the possibility that disaffection
may spread itself, and influence the native troops
of Bombay and Madras, at once su_gest the ex-
tensive character of the contest;—a vast extent of
territory, a large portion of which has. to be re-
compered, must be guarded and controlled by
British armies. Independent of the damaging
and harrassing duties of the field, the influence
of climate must act most injuriously upon Euro-
pean soldiers. Another difficulty presents itself
to our minds: the religious prejudices of the
people of India will ever make the task of
governing them one of much delicacy and diffi-
culty. The native Princes outwardly respect
British rule, because they fear its power. For
these reasons, the man to rule India, in the

FE~SS.E REFORMATORM.—The following paper was read
on Friday, in the "Punishment and Reformation 1) part-
mem." of the National Association for the advancement
of Social Sc,ence, by Miss Carpenter, the subject being
" Female Reformatories." After remarking that the sub-
ject hail only lately attract d public attention, since few
supposed that little creatures of the softer sex could rf quire
the strong arm of the law, she remarked that so far from
this feeling being welt founded, a much greater amount of
wicked:.ess and depravity was to be found amongst the
class of girls seat to reformatories than in the correspon-
ding class of the • sterner sex, the reason being that girls
were seldom broug'it under magisterial and reformatory
jurisdiction till all other means of reelamalon had been
tried in vain. The Rel. T. Carter, c)aplain of Liverp 'Ol
Gaol, stated that out of 26 females in that establishment,
25 bad been imprisoned seven time, while the last bad
been not lass than 57 times, the period of imprisonment
to the whole 25, averaging five years ; while the experience
of a magistratj who had been a oommissionez of lunacy was,

THE NORTHERN TIMES.-LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1857

I that female culprits were, as a rule, infinitely more outrage-
dee than male, and were approxitnatiii3 to the menial
condition of the insane. After referring to tlie formation
of the Reformatory and Refuge Union, and to the new
measures of Sir George Gray epo .1 the subject, she auied
to her own experience as to the hardened character of
female criminality, which she ascribed in most cases to
the evil influences of the home associations of the female
inmates of gaols and reformatories. In confirmation of
her opinion, she aglin referred to the criminal statistics of
the town of Liverpo)l, quoting an extract from a report
on that town, which stated as a cause of the great amount
of female crime, the encouragement given to girls to
becolie thieves by the receivers of stolen goods, and de-
nounced one old woman named Nanny Hunt as the queen
of demons, who brought up both her children and grand-
children to pursue plunder as their ordinary avocation.
The report also cemaseated upon the numerous harbours
for juvenile thieves as another great source, in Liverpool,
of criminality. Miss Carpenter then went on to notice the
physical condition of girls of the class alluded to, stating
that a large proportion of them when admitted into refor-
matories were labouring under disease arising either from
the hardships of previous imprisonment or the irregularities
of their former career. In regard to their moral condition,
they were all peculiarly and morbidly exeiteable, having
strong wills and a diseased sensibility to harshness. At
the seine time they were not pirtioularly acquisitive, their
dispositions ping rather inclined to reckless generosity
and she had hers:lf often left reticules containing
money amongst them wi bout any fear of losing them.
There were different circumstances in the case of boys and
girls which necessarily rendered a different course and kind
of traieieg fitted for them. Boys live to be taught a trade,
while the occupation of girls must be chiefly in domestic
servitude. Em'gration, also, Which abe believed to be
necessary for boys, was uudesiable for girls, as calculated
to remove them from those salutary and controlling influ-
ences which might otherwise be brought to bear upon their
conduct when Gischavid. She also objected to factory
labour progress, unless factories were conducted on the plan
proposed by Me Wood, M.P. far Poneefract, combining
the factory and the h nue. Reformatories must, in the
absence of such modes of employment, be so conducted as
to make Christian %L.:men not hesitate to seek for servants
from their inmates. The children must also be brought to
look upon their teechers with feelings of affection, sad to
feel that the discipline and restraints to which they are
subjected are for their own good. After some furteer
remarks to a similar effect., Miss Carpenter referred to the
conduct of parents, noticing, for restance, where a girl
under her own control Lad bean withdrawn by her mother,
previously to the present enactment, and that the same
woman had a boy on board the Akbar convict ship, and
had been contiu etl!y teasing the magistratrs for his libor,-
Lion, threatening to write to their friends in London if her
wish was not complied with. She then adverted to the
tact of boys running away from reformatoder, as proving
that those institu.ions were not so agreeable as had been
represented, and did not of a premium to crime, while
she had abundant proofs .thet honest parents did not so
regard it. Miss Carpenter then proceeded to detail her
view of the prineipel requisites in female reformatory
institutions. She recommended that the pupils should
be clothed in a dress recognisable by the police, but not
otherwise distinguishable from that of other children of
the working classess ; that the situation of the school
should be healthy, and such as to afford fecilities for
country air and exercise, without their being subjected to
e.
unhealthy excitement ; that they should be taken to a place
of worship, beyond the wars of the institution ; that they
should be sometimes taken walks through ihe streets a 3 well
as the country, for the purpose of teaxWng propriety of
demeanour ; that the school should not have the aspect of
a prison, but that of a home, which they might call " our
house;" the school to have, however, secure cells for use
if necessary, as some children were liable to paroxysms of
anger, and often had a morbid love of notoriety, which
would make them seek to be brong'st before the magistrate,
and hence mast be made to feel that there was sufficient
power io control them within the establishment; she

would not recommend that they have any luxdries in the
shape of mechasical aids to labour, hot and cold water
pipes, and the like, as they ought-not to have lauries not
within their reach at their own homes. With regark; to
management, she recommended that it should be vested in
a joint committee of ladies and gentlemen, the first to
attend to the internal economy of the school, the last to aid
when necessary the transaelbn of such business as fem des
might be unwilling to un 'e take. After some further
interestiog details, Miss Carpenter cmcladed by warmly
appealing to sympathy on behalf of the reform at )ry PzOV3 -
went, reminding her hearers of the words of the Redeemer,
" As ye h.ve done to these little ones, so have ye also done
unto me." At the close of the paper, a von'e of thanks to
its author was pa;ead unanimously on the motion of Lord
Brougham, seconded by Sir J. Pakington.

DR. CULLFN AND THS RELIEF FUND.—A Raman
Catholic Peer (Lord Bellew), in reply to a circular invitl-
ti.m to attend a meeting is Dundalk for the purpose of
raising funds for the sufferers by the mutiny in India,
makes these temperate remarks :—I think there is but one
opinion on the subject, that assistance should be afforded o
those forlorn and wretche l sufferers, bat such assistance
should be prompt to make it effee ive. Fully conourrii,e:
with those who oall for a fair and impartial distribution o!
the funis that may be contributel, I cannot think it
judiciou3 or politic to raise any q lestion that may tend to
stop the lbw of charity which would naturally emanate
from every human heart. It funds on a foriner occasion
hive been misapplied or perverted, let every caution be
taken and cxer:iou made to prevent a similar oecurrenei;
but let us, is the first instance., go forward cheerfully and
heartily to the assistance of our suffering fellow..countrymen
of whatever class or creed they may be."

THE MONETARY Citl3l3 AT fleeteneun —A corropondent
writing under the date of, Hamburgh, Oat. 17th, says :
The pressure on our money market, which had already
shown itself last week, became muce more stringent when
the telegraph brought the intelligence of the Bank of
England having made a farther a lvanoa in t`seir rate of
discount, and even for the most unobjectionable paper, it
has berm gaits impossible to obta'n cash on lower terms
than 8 per can,. per annum, while many, who to meA.
their engagements woul I have readily given 10 per cent.
for good but not select bills, found that th ty could not
get them converted into money on any terns, and the Coll-
sectileace has been that heavy sacrifices of goods of various
kinds nave been freely made to meet the ex'geacies of the
hour. At Bremen the tightneis has, if polsib'o, been still
more severe, f)r as the direct intercou:se between that ciee
and the United States is comparatively greater than that
which is carved on between America and this city, they
have been in addition exposed to many adverse circum-
stances iron the monetary and commercial disorganization
iu the chief cities of the Union which has latterly prevailed,
Both here and there, however, the evil has been increased
by the almost simultaneous announcemeut, from official
authority, that the punctual payment cf the call on the
Russian railways, which fella due in December, would be
rigorously enforced ; and, as from the financial connection
of Messrs. Stieglita• with Hamburg, and with Gomauy
generally, a considerable portion of these shares is held
here both by private parties and by public companies, this
intimation has, come upon them at a very inconvenient time,
and may yet lead to much mischief. li-, is fortunate that in
Englenl there will be no aggravation of the effects of the
present crisis from that cause, for as their eyes were there
opened in due time to the various evils that might ar:se
from the ready adoetion of that scheme, it is understood
that Daly a very small proportion has been allocated in
that country, and the effects of this exaction will not thole-
fora be felt in any degree so intensely there, as they
cannot fail to be nct only in Germany, but in Bolland
and France also, where the great cepitalists were not so
cautious as it is found that those who take the lead in such