The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1809-10-21 00:00:00

„Wi Later,. it is uniieressary to soy any thing. He
is only a king, iii name and in title, who dares not
.Psyisit the nominal capital of his awn diminished
Itteefitories, and who may be, at auy hour, ordered to
°elide Berlin to JEROME. or lioniugsberg to Ju NOT,
;and to repair in permit' to Paris, as hit:DIEHL or
Piens were anciently rent in chains to Rome.
But ALEXANDER, it may perhaps be said, still sur-
Afei, Sovereign of an immense empire, and capable
oftommensurate exertions, whenever the moment
of resistance arrives. We wish that we could re-
gard I in this light, which, if we examine his po-
sition, will appear altogether illusory. If PETER
rue GREAT, who has tint yet been dead quite
eighty-five years, could, indeed, be told, that his
.deseendiset hod just signed a peace with the repre•
stestative of CHARLES XII., by which Sweden
ceded to theCxeaell Frirlend,with its fortresses. and
the vast expanse of dominion, extending along the
eastern shore of the Gulplt of Botheia. to Tentless
in Lapland, together with tlw Isle of Aland; if
the founder of Petereburgh could receive this in-
formation, by which hr would find, that the capital
which he erected on the extreme frontier of his em-
pire, was new surrounded by extensive provinces,
detached by the sword from ti.eden, and CC•ll7lt.
quently secure on that exposed, its well as vuloe-
rabic grander, how would the Legislator of the
Muscovites exult ? But when lie rhonld he inform-
ed, that it was not as the independent Sovereign of
Russia that this conquest veu effected ; when he
should kn., that in carrying his arms to the vici-
nity of the Arctic Circle, and almost in sight of
Stockholm, ALEXANDER acted only as the de-
graded instrument plan Italian soldier of fortune,
covered with crimes and irertidies, the scourge of
Europe, the oppmbriwn of mankind, and the ty-
rant of Russia herself, how would PETER blush for
Iris country, and for his Grandson ?
However imposing may be the external appear.
umee of Rus.ia, she is, in point of fact, morally
and essentially subdued. If she bad not been so ;
if the Breed of BONAPARTE did abut swallow up,
and supersede, in the mind of ALEXANDER, as
well as iu that of his Ministers, their detestation of
the Corsica'.! if they dial tint tacitly adroit their
utter inability to resist his victorious arms, or to
oppose eny weapon except submission, to his revo-
lutionary machinery ; would he, let us sok, have
allowed the least herpes of emancipating Germany,
and of resuscitating; Europe, to be extinguished ?
Would he, after making war on his former ally,
GUSTAVUS, for only daring to persist in that uppos
sition to BONAPARTE, which Russia no longer vec-
tored to cont. ; have stood by, and seen Austria
dismembered, crushed, and extinguished as a great
Power? N.. ! We repeat, ALEXANDER is is fact
as mireli the slave of NAPOLEON, and exists as
much by his permission, as any of time Kings whom
he lies created. CAU LI Scot; RT governs in Peters-
burgh, and terrifies the Czen with menaces of die.
severing Courland, Lithuania, nod Livonia, front
his empire ; of expelliog him from the Banks of
the Gulf of Finland, of placing new Princes in
these Frontier Provinces, and ()leading him anew
into the deserts of Muscovy, to reign at Moscow,
at Novogrod. or atCalare like his redeemers, Jona
Beett.owerz, and ALEXIS. ALEXANDER silently
PecOgoifes in NAPOLEON the arbiter of his fate,
the disposer of his throne and life. At his cyan-
mend the ports of the Black and the Baltic Seas are
shut, his *objects are reduced to indigence, his
coin merce is susuilidated, and his revennes are dried
up. Can we expect, fruua snehi a slave, any effort
to break Its own fetters. or to liberate other slides?
Time very proposition is absurd and impracticable.
Can Sterne then, after the subjection of Austria,
oppose any further resistance ? That which, elide
NAPOLEON was engaged on the Danube, she could
not effect, arc we to look for its aCeomplishment
now that lie roar pour 111 a hundred thousituil new
wrote, and overran all the provinces along the
shore of the Mediterranean, from the month of the
Ebro, to the foot of the rock on which stands Gib-
raltar ? Assuredly, we are not authorised to ex-
pect any such exertions all the part of the Spa.
niards, as can even protract their total subjugation
more than for a few months. Treachery, we fear,
will accelerate their destruction ; and it may hr
subject of rational doubt, whether even the fleet
in the harbour of Cadiz cats be saved, or carried out
of that port. Narotecom will, according to all air.
pearances, renlise the denunciation contained in
the Monitemr, where he says, on the 28th of last
month, ” before a year shall have elapsed, the Eng.
fish, whatever effints they may make, will be dri.
Yen out of the Peninsula, and the Imperial Eagle
will fly nit the fortresses of Lisbon." Yet, while
we admit the probability of these facts, we see far
more reason to hope for efforts of despair from
the Spaniards, than of opposition from the Govern-
ment of Russia. In the latter country, the timbers
seem to be altogether rotten and decayed. There
is still energy remaining in the Peninsula beyond
the Pyrenees, though not its every part of it. If
the two Castilee, if Leon, rind Asturia, have dis-
played little vigour, or abhorrence of their rippers-
see; yet, in Catalonia, in Arnigon, and in Valen-
ha, we have witnessed the 'cost sublime devotion
to their Sovereign, and to their country. In the
last century, the Castiliens alone placed and
maintained Paw, the V. on the throne, when
abouidorwl by LOCi3 XIV. his grandfather ; and
though The English aud.Ausitisas bad twice car-

ried the Archduke CHIRLEI to Madrid. Bo-
N APARTE is, indeed, au adversary somewhat
ent, and rather more formidable. If he has effete.
tually chained and humbled Austria, he will soon
transfer his presence and his exertions, to the banks
of the Guadiana, the Guadalquivir, and the Tagus.

We shall this day conclude our observations on
the Monitenrs of the 17th and 21ith of last month ;
productions, in which BONAPARTE, or the pers.n
to whom Ise delegates the pen, appears to have
ex-
hausted all the acrimony and indignation of his
irritable mind. He seems, indeed, from the eleva-
tion of power to which hr has attained, to consi-
der every attempt, on our part. or on that of the
Spaniards, to emancipate any portion of Europe,
rather as the efforts of a slave to break the chains
imposed on hins by his master, than as the struggle
of independent nations to repress outrage. perfidy.
and violence. In every line of these insolent and
conternptimus Manifestoes, addressed to Europe,
for such, in effect, they are, he ulready anticipates
the supreme sovereignty of the Continent, not less
than when he, in the plenitude of his irresistible
authority, institutes new Orders of Knighthood ;
combining, like the triple crown of the Roman
Pontiffs, the three insiptia of the former creations.
Like the Sun of niter the iiuhjeetion of
Persia, he

" Assume: the (:0.1,
" Affects to stotl,
Ami seems to shake the spheres."

We must, nevertheless, in candour, admit, that,
when diaesissing the 'evasion of Castile, by Sir
ARTHUR WELLESLEY, whatever intoxication may
pervade the sentiments, there is no perversion or
alienation of the reasoning faculty to he discovered
in these remarks. All is reduced to the standard
of practicability, tactics, and sound sense. flow
finely does he obaerve, " that the foresight, ivnich
is characteristic or essential in war, 'prompts to aro
Duly what can be supported; and to undertake only
what presents the greatest number of chances of suc-
cess %'" What a commentary does his own eventful
and unparalleled career exhibit, of this simple, but
indisputable truth? And how touch is it to be re-
gretted, that Lord IV ELLINGTON seems never to
have known, or to have beeu impressed with its
existence ! If lie had, could lie have afforded to
NAPOLEON, and to mankind, such a subject for
ri-
dictate and exposure, as he gave In hie invasion of
Castile, undertaken in defiance of every chance of
success; and which, though it may have raised him
to a Peerage, reduces him to very narrow dimen-
sions, arra candidate for military fame
Is it, in fact, to be disputed, will the warmest of
Lord WELLt NU ton's admirers, or penegyrists, if
any such remain, attempt-to deny, that, as boo A-
, PARTE asserts, us without knowing the force of the
enemy with whom he had to contend, without be-
Mg furnished with that which constitutes an army,
he advanced to Tatareni ? The idea of entering
Madrid, turned his brain." Brolly, there ionn ex-
aggeration in this picture, though it seems rather
like the portrait of a lunatic, thin that of a great
Commander, .n whorls the fate of armies and of na-
tions was committed. Cam we, in fact, believe, if-the
thing were not admitted and realised before our
eyes, that any roan, in Srr ARTHUR'S high, as welt
as respousilile situation, having Sir Jour.; Nloiiim's
expevieuce amid warning to guide his deliberatnua ;
knowing where Madrid stands, and too well a‘•-
orminted with the waists of men in the field, to
eou-
ceive that they could light without food ;
defiance of .these considerations. plunge into the
ware ? Will it be attempted to cover, or to exte-
nuate: his precionation and contempt of every im-
pediment, by pleading the victory of TaLivera ?
We have endeavoured, from concurring testiino-
nies, to appreciate the merits of that day ; but we
are unalile to discover, as far as the accounts or
Jouaus N. of CuEsta, and of Sir Aa tuca him self,
afford 'nestle of forming ate opinion, any features
of genius, or scientific dispositions, that argue a
great Cominauder. in his conduct. Ilia troops
certainly displayed admirable firtnuess, under most
trying circumstances. They maintained their
ground, ainl, though with severe loud, they com-
pletely repulsed the enemy. In all this. however,
we
perceive, rather the courage and discipline of it,
army. than the talents of the General. Boa e-
PARTE has, in fire lines, conveyed a perfect, and,
in our judgment, a fair idea of that action. " The
Engliin," says he, " fought well. The bothe of l'a-
lavera was doubtful ; tho' the loss of the English
was much more considerable than our'. ; for the
Freach artillery was more numerous. It appears,
that, by a series of multiplied faults, the French
could not take the pOglitloll on the left. lint the
English were beaten back, every trine they attempt-
ed to advance upon the French." Here. we sce
that Naout.com owns, and avows, the errors coin.
milted Icy his Geueruls.
What, in fact, saved Sir ARTNUR, and enabled
him ever to revisit Portugal, with Ins extenuated
army? His own resources ? Assuredly not; unless we
count ',tench the velocity of hi, !mach to the bridge
of Amerhispo, when he lOund, pirt Ire himself states,
that as it was his only resource." It is evident, that if
Vieroa had only indulged him in his pas • for
seeing ,Madrid, he would have seen Paris likewise.
But the faults of the French l .erierals extricated
him, whim he was lost. if they had allowed him to
push forward. ss What would have been the case,"
asks the Monireer, " if. oraineuvring according to

the principles of war, the French army had not
given battle, until all united :—What would hare
been the consequence, if he hid marched to Ma-
drid, and the Duke of DALMATIA had placed him-
self between trim and the Tagus ? He would have
come, with his army, to France." No proposition
in EUCLID is more eiident. It would be insulting
human reason to paah a proof further. Sir As.
THUD "Minot, though he is rash, attempt so irupoa
silile a :lung, as to answer, or to refote, the ,Vom.
leer. He will hide his head in his coronet, and say
no mere on the subject. Nor 'hull we. The ashre
of the departed are sacred.
Otte word, before ire dismiss the subject, on ri,k
Spaniards. It is eurioos to remark, with what con-
tumely BONAPARTE treat* their armies. 4. We do
not," says lie, t+ speak of the `Spaniards ; they may
be reckoned as of consequence for plundering de-
tachod individuills, or fur defending therns,•lve+ be-
hind a wail; but very little account can be made
of them in a regular battle, as the English may
have been conviaced." To this point of el, 4rucla-
tient. in the estimation of an ItMian adventurer,
who, after putting to the sword an hundred thou-.
*arid Spaniards, has transferred the survivors to the
care of his brother, is fallen a nation, which, not
three centuries ago, repeatedly menaced Frame
with extinction, or with conquest 1 So low are
sunk the descendant; of those men, who expelled
the Moors in the 18tti century, and the Eriglish,
united with the Anstrians, in the 19th; but oho are
now unable. we fear, to resist a revolutionary
sol-
dier, engaged un the Danube, at the other extre-
mity of Europe ! Yet, that NAPOLEON floe, not
altogether despise them, that he remembers Sara-
gossa, Ned feels Gerona, we may perceive, by his
allusion to the Spanish courage, behind a 'call. If
any thing can rouse frotu their apathy, their slum-
ber, and their inert inaction, a great people, it
must be these insulting sarcasms ; bitter in them-
selves, hut ►endered still more cruel cud insup•
portal,le, when proceeding from the mouth of as
imperial rtiffiau, their sconrce and their tyrant.

Extract of a letter front an Officer en hoard the
Dreaein.ught, to his friend in the city of Dublin,
dated Basque. Roads, Sept 125 .---•• A cartel
rived here a few days mice, with the lunch mi.
rosters who capitulated at Senegal, but not a man
of them was permitted to land ; the boat that
went from her, and in which was a Fr,tich officer,
was tired at, as soon as they got within reach of
their shot ; but not wishai.g to tioder,tand it as a
mark of hostility, the boat ventured to approach
nearer, when the batteries opened a lire of grape,
and continued it even when it was coming back.
Thus these prisoners, because they did not make •
resistance suitable to HoNATAITZ'S expectation,
will be exiled from their native country, or Mur-
dered, if they approach its shores, from whence
some of them hate been absent snore than twent7
yeal..."

%Yr find from the. Provincial Papers, that an Tllite
mination ou the 25th is generally discouraged, and
that the money necessary for lamps and candies is to
he applied to the more rational and htudable purpose
of clothing and feeding the pour and liongry, and
opening the prnum doors to the wretched ionistes
confined Inc debt..

Remittances in specie to a barge amount hive re•
tentiv been made from Spain to this country.
Tlis following private letter gives a very unfa-
vourable account of aka state of Turkey.
"CoIIISTANTIMMILIC, sat..T 26.
" The Meaaertger Baailiate arrived here yesterday wills the
Ratification of the T tithed' Treaty, ke. The French still
utaiataist a considerable influence io the Divan the Trip
name of Buimpacte there tremble. Nothing bet de-
cisive victories of the Archduke Charles °err the euinnsint
enemy of Lerupe omit, 1 believe, mice this distrait tett etapira
fruit. deetruction. The "liarkieli Aliwietime appear to be Use
Imitated, and to have lost sot uuly the power of fairly dis-
tinguishiug Ir.tv.cn (simile and enemies, bat evert of pro-
viding fur their own prest.m3tioa.
" The Grand Vizier marches (Ili, day from the capital tit
the bead of 455,000 Joinsearies. Hie al my on the I/Aeolic,
when assemliled„ wile en ttttt lit to nearly I:01,11011 tocso—a
force fatly cumpeitatt to rt-p•I the Itaiseians. lint Ilte lite of
this campaign, like that of every other iu Lmupe, depends
on the fate of ibe luatriati army.
" Our tononsucieatiou with the Continent is wholly rut
of by the Rasmus un the banahr, and the Seivialis sin!
Rosman' an leazue will, them alpinist the l'uite. Our re-
counts go up oily to rho t9ih of May, olo,:t the Ausltialt
arms hail teen triumphant. Nu pi...4.v, basun-as (vat Le
done heir mud we holm more of the future fortuatv of
Austria.

" A Parsinn Envoy is daily expected here on his way to.
our Cosa t. Nu. It. Joules Ina sitteeeeded is, hu uthaous, but
tilt acticit and ‘.1.1,e,s of the trench are almost itterohlik."
hAttmlay. Mr. il.oatttLit arrived with thop.thehe*
(rum Sir liAlli-u111) JuNr.t, who it n»w nn an it's-
portoot thi,,loo to the Persian (lover:talent.
thl,4 coov,y,,me we have received a letter from a
(;entletnan attached to the eanhosay, to the f0110w...
lig efrcct

" Tetuan, May 7, ise9.
" Since our nn teal here ercry Wong has gene ,in as tuella
he wiMed, and the French have b.. 0 turned OW, Is spa*
of all their emit: moors to the contrary. th.1.14.%V.1, a letter
arrived air other Jay Grin the Cove-sum General, ssylag,.
the Persiant:weruw.•ut havinc refused allt&t t ;ince ti, hisuwa
Ambassador, tiritcral Malcolm, say advances ought to roues
from them, sod orders His Excellency Sir Harbod JIM" to
leave the country instantly, and nunsh bit 110*,11. Ilte
hoverer, lust detained Sir tilartird, non lin Isms-
from England. We of Noonan Wok far Mi. Mu. cit. 'a retina
with great aopatiente "
It was reported, on Thureday, on the atoll, r,ty of
letters from Liver Tool, that Mr. -int:lMM had one-
el:vied to adjusting all the differences between this
country and the U mud States; but that the Arne-
, wait Government had refusal to consider hie sit;-
nature as binding. •ml will not remove the non-
imereourse laws until the ratification of the treaty
Le returned fief's England. This intelligence is
said to have been received by a vessel arrived at
Live: pool from .New•Yot k; but, at present, we only
mention it as part of the room's', of th• day.
Upon the faith of the or:in:gement concluded
between Mr. Ettsalsc and the (,overninent of the
United Stater, upwni dr of lin American vessels
ar-
r:ved in the port of London. Nino e them Co of these
Lave lately suited for Americo. and not no men) as
ten have carried out manufactures, an.:
these to a very inenositieratale amount. The Tl.st
have sailed is tattiest.