The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1819-09-11 00:00:00

IRE 1..4 Al D.

STATE OF bisig3SXlN IRRLANLL

DUBLIN, SKrTifinnal.
The Lord tietsbwitiot sod
r ved io towib yesterday eveiiitig, front Baillyor-
thur, County
'The Archbishop of Tomb continues thirruitigly

'LICTII4Cr; Mom THU MINUTE, 011
111-Fitße TIM 11CLICT COMMITTI.II.
(The following Paper Was delivered in, and read:)
Some Aeenunt of the Drainage' of Holland, dee. bg
AisIANDCR la. Civil itagineer.

. -...-.
BRI TIS I I .4:11 ERICA. I 111 order to bares correct ides of the works of drainage in
-ear- the LOW Couutries ii is necessary to take a view of the
native% (neve actrela), JULY 30. I physical position of that interesting portion of Eiirope.
FATAL DUEL, Ac. I We may perceive, even by the map, that the northern
On Tuesday hilts of indictment Were presented by the part of Germany is an immense plain, descending gently
Grand Jnry Of the county to the Supreme Coast, arainst ' toward. the North See, 'rear which every thing like high land
Rickard Joka Ilatarke, Esq. the younger, Barrister at Law, i disappears, there 'wing no considerable mountain within
and Ethearit M•Striaett. Emu a merchrut, both of this 1 150 mile, of the coast; and (ruin Calais to the coast of Den-
-town, charging them with the murder of William Bowie, ! mark, the shore exhibits chiefly a range of how sand hills or
Esq. a merchant, also of this town. A hill was at the same I downs, here and there broken so as to admit the exit of the
time preferred against Steven Ir. Debait, Esq. charging him ; land waters of Ricerca, Wain afuresaid.
with a misdemeanor. ! It is probable that these downs owe their formation to the
The Court assembled on the following day ; the Hun. I action of the sea, which has very little few and fall on the
Rickard John Uniarke, his Majesty's Atitorney•Genersheeruir ; shores of Holland and Denmark ; these countries being
after entered Ow Court with his son, who was accompanied ! situated so as to be little affected either by the tide of the
by Mr. M'Swinev, and surrendered him up to thelaws of his t North Sea, or that of the Englirh Channel. Behind this range
otoontry, and the Prisoners immediately took their stations I of dimes, which seldom exceeds a mile in breadth, lies a
at the bar. • shallow basin, chiefly occupied with peat, bog, or morass,
The Prisoners being arraigned and pleadirig Not Guilty, I the surface of which is hut little above the meats level of the
the jurors were called, and twelve empanelled after several I sea, and tlw bottom from ten to twenty feel below it. 'llw
bad brut challenged, who were on the trial which led to the i breadth of this space varies (reformist, the outline of the
melancholy event that bad occurred. ; dry lands of the interior being much more irregular than the
S. G. W. Aftcutitthn, Esq. King's Counsel, opened the I shore of the Ocean. It is broadest in Holland and Friesland,
case to the Jury, and in a clear, liberal, perspienons, and ! whirr the great inlet of the Zuyder Zee still exists unfilled
very able manner, detailed the circumstances which related i with pi at ; and, accordiug to tradition, was formerly a lake
to it, explained the laws which pressed upon it, and drew a , only, until the Cinibriau deluge, tweaking the morthein
distinctiou between the taking of a life under the iiifluence ! I ~,,, notary of the murals, had admitted the ocean into
of malice and depravity of mind, and the taking of a life 1 Friesland.
in a duel, where the conduct of the parties is proved to 1 It may he observed, that the contin ttttt is part of the
have been fair and but ttttt relate; in the latter instance, he ' morass is chiefly in the neighbourhood of the great rivers,
asserted, a verdict of Murder haul never berm found. the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt. It is the nature of
Dr. alackesy was sworm—He knew the parties; was re. 1 all rivers, liable to inandation, to deposit a guest part of
quested by Mr. INPSwiney, on the morning of the 21st of ! their engage sin the immediate hank• which thus rises
this month, to attend a gentleman nt the North-farm, who I moor rapidly than the morass behind; this kind of natural
had been badly wounded in a duel; lie went, and examined ' embankment has in every country reduced a slip of land,
the wound, discovered the ball had entered the right side ! fill each side of a great river, of etch artedinary fertility, and
above the hip, passed through the intestines, and had nearly • great value to a pastoral people. It may have first aug.
reached the opposite surface. Ile was sum after joined by I gested the idea of completing nail extending the work, by
Dr. Alumni, and they relieved each other during the day in i enshankine the rivers, and securing the meadows by dikes.
their attendance atom Mr. Bowie, who, he understood, bed 1 The embankment of the Rhine, at least of the great island
expired about leo minutes before six o'clock. Ht was coil- I of the lleironw, is more ancient than the invasion of Cesar ;
fident death resulted flour the wowed. i but the greater part of the works of that kind slate f the
Dr. Almost was summoned to attend the deceased; nu his • middle of the twelfth motley, and appear to have lwen
way to North-farm, he met 31r. MlNwiney, who carried him i sliegested by the Crusaders, after seeing the works of the
out in his gig, and detailed the particulars of the meeting I Delia in Egypt. Vari tttt s tracts of Holland were Cermet'
which bud taken place between Mr. Bowie and Mr. thoiacke. ! into waterships or districts of drainage, and regulated by
lie saw Mr. M'Swissey take leave of Mr. Boric by shame corporation,' consisting chiefly of the landed proprietors,
his hem!: hearth no expressions of blame or satisfaction at which system continued until the late formation of the Ba-
in* conduct fall from Mr. Bowie. The deceased continued . earl:111 Republic. The works executed by these corpora-
sensible until the agonies of death 'rename liSetalliee, i lions, for the purpose of drainage and navigation, are truly
Johu Peitzer was at the North-farm, mod heard firing nn I astonishitig ; they are supposed be rthle judges to have cost
the morniug of the 21st instant, between four arid five lat least three hendred mill' sterling; and yet the whole
o'clock; after a few minutes lie heard it repeated; Ise was i country is not larger than Wale. or Minister.
within 100 yards of the spot, hot saw no peewits before lie 1 'lime most ieniarkable event ire the history of the drainage
beard the firing; there were four pistols discharged, and lie ! of 'Lifland is the invention of the %virulent', about three cen-
then heard a person groan. Mr. Deblois !Ilea came up, I lIIIIES :421.1. By Walla of that instrument, the system of
and requested himself and another to come to hie assist. I dreiniree has been extended to those morasses and lakes, which
mice ; he went with him, and foetid a petrol' lying %vomited I acre .drendy as low as the sea or neighbouring watercourses.
1111 the ground, mid assisted its removing him to the house; I In face a great part of that singular country is placed at a
there was no person with the deceased when they came tip. I lower level thus,, the neighbouring ocean, and kept dry by
lie saw one of the parties, Mr. Ill;Swincy, run awl get into I artificial meant alone. Stub tracts are called holders; they
his gig; he shortly after returned with Dr. Mackesy. lie . see surrounded by banks, over which their waters are lifted
heard ilietinetly two pistols go off the second firitig. , by whetted's. Successive (operations have carried this so far,
John Shannon heard the firing 1111 the fawning of the 215t,1 that Milne of the lately drained polders arc even eighteen
end saw Mr. M'Swiney. accompanied by a person whom be I feel below the eirdiunry low-water of the Meuse or Ye.—
thought was Me. Unineke, near the North-fans immediately When to this we nail the heiebt of the interior rivers, which
after; he heard four shots, hat tint not pay any pal iirtilar I are embanked in some benefices as high as 24 feet, the si-
attention. Mr. ['Macke hail a ...lie under his arm when he ! tnation of that country appears truly critical.
passed him. Mr. Si•s:winey jumped into a gig, and drove I On the suiting in of winter, drainage Ceases; the mem-
oir to Halifax. He onoledialelY after saw Mr. Del'l"'s run- ; slows are converted tote a sea of ice; het, provided the ri-
Mug and calling fur assistance; after recovering from his ; Term are secure, a short rerioil of the spring is sufficient to
unwise he went to the gnome where he found the deceased 1 elm rill the proper waters of the polders. The mills are
lying badly wounded; he ran and rniverl his head ; lw asked r not wanted snore akin 311 Jaya at an avertge during the
for water, which flimmicat gave him, lacing erocnred come ! s-hrile year; each mill is equal to the drainage of 609 acre,' •
iii his hat. Mr. Deblois reepiested loins to go fur a Doctor, ; the whole throwing to the bright of four feet 700 barrels of
but lw thought it was best to lake the decease's' to the I water (each 51 cithic fret Ith:stelae's') per minute.
I se firs!. He was "'Para"' by him "Vera' limes while '; Besides the natural lakes which peeve& Hollmml, the
conveying him slime, to lift Ills heed higher; he reitites.ted I
eatery surface is constantly extending by the prime.% of
that hr 'night he laid down, and the deportee* proceeded 111
1 I'lllllllg turf for furl, e hich reaching to the depth of twelve
the house and procured a blanket. spun wh:eh they convey.
I to twenty feet below low-water, leaves the country from
erl him the remainder or the dist:nice. He then went toe : whirl, it is extracted in Ilse state of • lake interspersed with
medical assisisfice. 011 Ilia testy lie met Mr. M'Swint y mid I numerous isks erf turf. These sheets newsier, named n phis.
Dr. Mackesy near the Admiral's Immo., "1", '"el‘lic dif Mr. sou" or " plashes," are all on one level within certain ohs-
13"ie was lying on ilw grouted still' awl "Pan his "PiViar I tracts,andconnumicating with the canals, are pervaded bj
That lie had assisted in removing him, Mr. MSwittey said to
bows navigating by the sail or perch. But as many of these
Inns, ... to You are a gaud fellow ;" be let erne,' with him, I
pleslii.s, uniting heerther, form great lakes, having WaSes,
81111 saw 111 r. M'Swiney gib op to Mr. Howie, mod shake ;
which art upon anti corrode the iteighbouthig lands, if is
halide eith him, mid heard him "Yr 44 31v liar Sir, ha'''' Y"" part of the pulicy of the Dutch to have them drained and
any charge against Mc. 11-I""mrkr.or "self ?" I': ,which,h4., : cultivated; p• rmission, therefore, is not given to cut turf in
replied,'' My dear fellow. you Le nave.' lionouraniy, anti i ! this way until a certain deposit is made in the hands of the
forgive you." The deponent was again sent off for Dr. state. flat this fund, however adequate it may have been
Almon ; Mr. Yd'Swiney nisi that gentleman near the liar- in former • es, is now far Iwo sun-ill for at,haying the
es„
racks, and carried hint out. Ou his return witness ferried a
muse of drainage; it forms a portion of the national debt;
rase of pistols that did nut appear to have been heed off: they and is paynble to any vermin or company oho will under.
were brought from the ground ,t the. request of Mr. Deblois. take the drainage. About one hundred and fifty years ago,
Mr. De molitor was at the North-harm on the• mousing in ! nearly all the lakes of North MONA (containing als ttttt
question; he was awoke Meant five o'clock, by Mr. Uniacke. 180,000 English acres) were recluimerl by private companies
whit CAMo to his house and ilars.riarit him that a meeting Intl I as a prctitaltle speculation ; but of late the great works of
taker, place, and that he lied wounded ale Bowie, hr feared • this kind have been chiefly underteken by the state ; the laird-
inttrtally. He appeared very much distressed, and ['melded I 00111e1A in most comes strewing to surrender their claims. The
that the event had en-entre., ; he Moo Awned a rormr,,,.. I
lake is surrounded by a dyke of a pal licalar construction, to
letter thal had taken Ids" "...eel' dust 41;"11!""au aiiii him- i keep out the foreigo es altos, and on the outside a surround.
seat; and said he slid not see how he could act otherwise, I
hug drain is made of sullieieut dimensi tttt s to he a naviealde
when het charade'. boistair, anal family name were at strike-,
canal ; the interior water is then elevated into this canal by
He said that he was in 111111.911 some arrangements wowld have no fins or windmills, and pesos thereby to the ocean %Then
taken piece ; lout that his situation was t weiliarly delicate, I the polder is drained, the mammon turf is
Rum for rad,
re_
and dial he (Dahl nut oil'er an arc tttttt rieelatton. 114 • a versant portion to form a soil which of course is
Mr. Dempster saw the &cravat thirine the day, and het i
similar to the" cuts away hog" sir" mnoreen" of Ireland. The
but little renversatinn with him noon the subject; about I ground is then tilled awl sown with rape, which is sold on
four hulas heftier he ihril lie WII, asked if the Joel was fair I the spot by auction, as jr also the hay on the made, dikes,
and 1111 tttttt rabic ; to which he eeplielt, 1 forgive Mr Uniacke, i ,
I 6,0%; aural ,11,111C111111.10 a IMI.OIIII crop is taken ere it be laid
and hope be will pray fer me : Ill• sous ill 11111rh measly.
I Jowl, with clover ; the 1111111 S nee then divided into kneels or
31r. ARCHIBALD thee rose and statedto the Court, that i huts and sold to lite best bidder, subject to all the expense of
the evidence un the pail 14 the Crllll/11 we. coucleoled. supporting the dramage, as also to the usual taxes MI 131111,
The COCRT then ioforonea the Primarts the y were at 1 cattle, salt, and ?hot like, from which, fur a term of years at
liberty to enter upon their defence in their "whale. j least, Rime laiels reclaimed by private adveuturers were
Mr. Litiacke then addressed the Court and hwy.
I moistly exempted.
Mr. M.F""'"el• 'la" .14-"" 4""*". 1"."..he Cones, I One of the latest work. 'of ibis kind is the drainage of
The Joey retired, and after al t half an hour's del i
ii s; euwerikoop and Zerenhuven. completed in 1812; it te-
flon. returned a verdiet of Not Guilty against both rallies. I
tends over 210,0e0 English acres, tool cost 300.000/. sterling,
They were then Informed that they might retire from the bar.
I of which sum the sales only returned nue half, but the state
The instant this pet n•ission way *item a respectful butt ill-
i considers itself amply paid by the taxes a • • fig from the
timid expression of satisfaction Insist from au anxious and .
1 iiewlysgained land, and the cessation of the damage formerly
c rowded :audience.
.. j caused by the lake.
The ATTORNEY-GI VIRAL then arose and said, he sneer. .
The neighbotwing drainage of Mydreclit has already cost
stood Mr. Deblois •as intlietetlfor a misdemeanor, and said
I a million of guilders or 100,000/. and is still Me plete
that he Should titter a none peareqUi. The steam-engine has herti etnplosed there nulls partial
success.
These drained countries in Holland are found to be very
I productive; and though orientally acquired mid supported
I at an expense vastly greater than is necessary' in bogs reed
marshes, which are keel free. Yet the drainage charge
seldom exceeds four guilders per acre per annum ; fuel verb
is the security felt, that houses and farm-builhings are
erected and inhabited, and capital arrested in them, with.
out scruple.
Their ;realest advantage is the perfect command which
they have of the water• the height of which, Emilia the gene-
ral flatness of the polder. Mae be and is regulated to an
inch; the millers throwing off the waters whenever they
rise, amt drawing dorm from the canals whenever there is a

On Friday, July 23, the rvmairs of Mr. Bowie were eon-
sicsied to the grave; cud the highest panegyric that could
lie pruned would fall short of that produced by the ticketed
and mournful Orme:muur of the mallittide which followed
him to the tomb. It seemed as if the whole populatioti of
Halifax had poured forth to evince their esteem for his cha-
racter and-regret fur his loss, by paying the last sad tritnite
of respsrt to his memory.
Thirty ye,tot have elapsed since an affair so fatal in its re-
sults as the laic Clnel has occurred in Halifax that in-
stance the second of the survivor was admitted as evidence :
and the reason for OEr procedure was, that where there are
119 other witorsses of the transaction, none but the seconds
can give soy satisfactory informatiun as to the sentiments
and intentious of the principals; and of worse each can
alone testify as to the feelings of his friend.
MONTIVAL, JULY 30.
.

drought.
Where the Dutch have rot this convenience, they do not
seem In he versant in the cultivation of turf bog, though a
good deal has been reclaimed on ',prier ground also, rape.
cially in the eastern provincev. The polder* of Holland,
though they hove given shundatit crops of lWery kind, are
for the inns! part kept in permanent 'mature.

emi-
We have recently recommended the iniussiti;) of the
crania, who are daily arriving in this port, to the consider-
ation of our fellow citizens. he mistaken allurement
by
which they were invited to this country should exciter our
commiseration; their pommy is entitled to oar benevolence,
and their various infivi •es to our generous syninnthy.
their arrival in this climate, the majority are allticled with
diseases which disqualify them fur every exertion neeetris y
fur au independent subsistence, and disaituiutmout
blusu
their ambition.

Mr. Robert Fraser.
.firearr examined by the Committee.
Have you paid :ouch attention to the fisheries, and the
best meanly of their improvement ?—I have had many ripper.
tunitier of acquiring infortnition regarding Ilw flatteries fur
these thirty yvai s back, at which period toy aticiation was