The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-04-11 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS.

[From the Etoik, dated Saturdayl
PARIS. APRIL 11.
Soma Journals announce a movement of Russian troops in Bess-
arabia, of reviews to be made by the Emperor, of the departure of
couriers, &c. &c. All these reports are wholly destitute of foun-
dation, as well as the departure of the Count de Tolstoy from Park
who is still here, and who, notwithstanding the obstinate asaurances
of the Journal des Debuts, is not a Russian General Officer, bu
only • Captain.
On the 16th of this month, when the Court-mournihg fi,r the
death of his Majesty Louis XVIII. will expire, the hangings of
the Royal apartments will be changed. Ills Majesty was to here
gone to St. Cloud during the time necessary for these alterations,
but the apartments in that palace not being in order to receive his
Majesty, he will reside in the Pavilion Munn only on the 15th
and 16th, after which he will return to his usual apartments.

I From the Journal des D,:bols of Friday.)
Muxicu, Aram 2.
Th• fears which had been entertained respecting the publicity of
the debates of oar Chamber of Deputies are happily dispelled.
The regulations witilt have been discussed and adopted in a secret
sitting, do not impose any new restrictions, either on the liberty or
the publicity or the debats sof the Chamber they are, on the whole,
on the model of the French Chambers. When five Members re-
quire that the Chamber shall form itself into a Committee, this re-
()Mahlon is debated and decided in the public sitting. The Mi-
nisters have a right to eeeret a secret Conimiuee, to make commu-
nications which they think cught not to be made in public. The
spectator. admitted to the gallery have to provide themselvta with
tickets of admission.

[From the Quotidienne of Friday.)
PARIS, APRIL 7.
For some days past several German Journals have spoken of a
Quadruple Alliance, or Alliance of Central Europe, projected
between France, Russia, Austria, and Pru.sia, the object of which
is stated to be, to watch over the preservation of tranquillity in
Europe, and guarantee to each Power the integrity of its
possessions.

• England, we see, would not form part of this Alliance, whence
it might be Inferred that its policy is not in harmony with that of
the great Continental Powers.
France could only be a gainer by such a confederation ; because,
by her taking under her protection the Powers of the middling,
order, the commercial system of England, which tends to Impose
its manufactures upon all nations, would at length meet with
obstacles favourable to the Fiend' commerce.

[From the Comrricr Francais of Friday]
Mannin, Manta 28.
M. Ugarte is still here, and it Is asserted that the Reverend
Fathers, Martine:, Cirilo, and Velez, have not lost all hope of
having him reinstated in favour. They will not only have the
pleasure of supporting one of their own creatures, but of being re-
venged on a diplomatist whom they look upon as a heretic, on sc.
count of his not belonging to the Latin Church.
Our Military Commission has just condemned Jnan-Ftederico
3lecage to suffer the same punishment as parricides. lie was ac-
cused of endeavouring to poison the waters of the fountain of
Berm, from which alone the Royal Family is supplied. R hst
is strange in this affair is, that the indictment does not even
specify what species of poison is asserted to have been found
en him.

A courier who comes from the camp at St. Roche has brought the
news that a guerilla Land, well mounted, infests the mountains of
Ronda, alwaya observing the strictest order and best discipline In
the village' through which it takes its course. It is composed of
about 100 men, and is commanded by a man named Callejas, who
bas under him M. (tortes, both of them discharged officers. Each
man is armed with a sword, carbine, and pistols; they wear a grey
pair of pantaloons, red vest in hussar style, a cap with a red
cockade, and red and yellow feather. The receive which they in.
sist on receiving in the different villages small headed by them....
" Ist Free Squadron of National Independence."

GERMAN PAPERS.
FRANKFORT, MARCH Pl.
In the eighth sitting of the German Diet, held the 24th :tiara.
the President gave notice that his Majesty the King of Great
Britain and Ireland had appointed a new Mmister Plenipotentiary
to the Confederation, who had delivered his credentials sealed up,
besides a copy in English, and a translation in French, which the
President laid before the Diet. The French translation being read,
to which no objection was made, the original was then opened, and
the Diet resolved—

Ist. That Mr. Frederick Cathrart, Lieutcnant.Colonel in the
service of England, is recognised as Minister Plenipotentiary from
his Majesty the King (46m:it Britain, and the President is ordered
to give him notice In due form.
2d. The credentials, dated li-incisor, April 2, 1821, shall be
communicated to the Government, and the original deposited in
dm archives.

It was in the same sitting that M. de Pfeffel, the Bavarian ltli-
nister, presented the report of the Committee on the petition of 31
Goethe. the object of which was, that, by the intervention of the
Diet, a licence should be granted him, free of expense, for a new
and complete edition of his works, that lie may be thus assured of
effectual protection against pirated editions in all the States of the
Confederation. The Committee was of opinion that this matter was
not strictly within the attributes of the Die:, but, convinced that
all the German Governments will he happy to gir: a testimony of
esteem to so distinguished a writer as M. Goethe, by granting the
prayer of his petition, it proposes that all the Members of the
Diet shall undertake to communicate the petition to their respec-
tive Governments, and to reetnntnind it to their favourable notice.
All the Members of the Diet, without exception, spoke in favour
of the petition in high terms, and of the services rendered to Ger.
man literature by M. Goethe. The proposal of the Committee
was unanimously adopted, and the Ministers of Hanover, Bruns.
wick, Baden, Hesse Darmstadt, and Nassau, deel wed themselves
already authorised to state, that M. Goethe should have the licence
be sought.

LIVERPOOL MEETING RESPECTING THE
CORN LAWS.

Friday, pursuant to notice, a meeting was held in the Court.
room, at the Town.hall. Liverpool, to take inm consideration il.e
propriety of petitioning the Legislature relative to some alterations
In the Corn Lowe. There appeared a very crowded meeting. The
Mayor presided. lie opened the meeting with a few words. Ile
said he was gratified to see so numerous and so highly respectable
an assembly on this occasion ; for the subject to be taken into
consideration was one offering interests of the community of the
very highest importance. Ile doubted rot that gentlemen had come
there prepared with reason and argument. lie requested latent
to all; by discussion only could right reason and wise conclusion
result from the discussion.

Mr. TOTIIAM read the requisition, which was signed very nu-
merously, and by persons of ..11 commercial interests in the town.
Mr. W. W. Guitars, in moving the first Resolution, said he
deemed it a favourable circumstance for any subject to be consi-
dered, that the consideration of it should be marked by a propriety
of time and occasion. This subject was so favoured at present.
The rage of party, the rancour of political violence, were cool; all
hearts were warns in self-congratulation upon a period of great ar d
growing prosperity. A judicious discussion, therefore. might well
have place of measures in %Melt was suppled or believed to be
deeply interested that prosperity. It must have been observed that
a great and growing conviction was felt of the necessity of sonic
alteration in Me system of the Corn Laws. The manufamurer, the
merchant, the landowner, were all interested in this; and he be-
lieved it might, without difficulty, be proved that their interests in
the matter were alike, and alike looked to the change desired or
contemplated by the meeting. Another favottaable circumstance
was worthy of notice, namely, the moderation which was observed
in the Resolutions. We feel that a change ought to he made, hut
we dictate nothing. We shall not, theieforc, be accused of pre-
sumption. Doubtless it is rot expected that things shall rest fast
where they are; but the precise result we do not presume to poOli
out. Two points, however, were. he might affirm, held in slew
as indispensable. Foie, the miaeldevoul and abortive system of
averages must be abolished. It gr.re rise, besides its evils in re-
spect of trade, to fraud and perjury without end, and it was there-
fore the nart of Parliament, and indeed of every honest man, to do
all in his power to have the system altered. Second, whatever
change may be made, it is to be hoped that a constant importation,
at a fixed duty, will be allowed. This will do away with the
ruinous uncertainty which he was consumed could not, with a just
regard for the interests of the country, be tilerated. It lay like a
nightmare, pressing upon the energies and industry of the country.
Ile had no interest personally in the matter ; but he conceived that
every link that was taken from the fetters that confined the motions
and action of commerce, might lie said to form a new chain to bind
together the nations of the earth in cordial amity.
On the motion for the second resolution, Mr. IraroarE rose to
oppose it. Ile asked how it way conceivable that the poor could
be benefited by taking off the reatrictioas upon the importation of
corn P—the farmera would be ruined—with that would he thrown
out of employment a quantity or labour ; which, expressed in value,
might be equal to 1.200,000/. soyear. 11 hat goin to the country,
by the export of manufactures, could compensate to the poor this
loss 7 A difference of 20a. a quarter in wheat might; he believed,
be calculated to annum to lid. a week, entering into the cost of
subsistence, to the labourer and his family ! .tut this was nothing
at all comparable to the injury that must be done him by throwing
him out of employment. lie believed the poor or labouring classes
would be beat benefited by allowing to the farmer, the einphivrr
of labour, a fair remunerative priee. Things were going on well ;
thus the agricultural interest was just recovering from extreme de-
pression. lie prayed that this good. condition of things might not
be tampered with, for a doubtful gam to another class of the co
munity. Ile moved, as an amendment, that the resolution do not
pass.
Mr. BUYANII supported the motion for an amendment. He
read from a paper his opinion. The agricultural interest, he read,
is only beginning to revise front a burg season of distress: the
Speech front the Throne, at the opening of the present Session of
Parliament, had thus spoken of it, and had characterised it
,justly
as the most important interest of the community. WWI the
change only of the system of averages, the present corn laws are al.
together the best system far the several imerests of the country._
fearL from scarcity.
A. 4.1. is the highest average price of the last several years, which
at a price of. hick no one can complain. Such are
htha
improve-
mentsevenowari
proves that we can produce all that is necessary for our consumption.
Tlieco'nnt elfcrt tluarnedst,hsathwi:lt havete &not nothing
supplied tt
long have a e eh» ntienued imports» m, been thrown out of cultiva.
twit ; bit it at nmon become importers, we shall again encourage
thin ;;-• WU: Ur,../96 lore•gi.ers of turn for our supple, and tbtn re

duty would be sufficient to voted us from the produce of that
lands. Ireland, too, which was so much indebted to the market of
this country for encouraging her agricultural industry, would he
seriously injured. The manutacturera find their best customers in
the home market, as a comparison of ths home and foreign trade
proves : let them not then seek to injure their best customers. As
tt a avowedly the end in view to reduce wages, it may reasonably
be wondered how there can be pretended any good in prospect to
the labouring part of the community. Political economy has in it
good, but it han also mischief if pressed too far.
Mr. Jon x SMITH made a statement of the general abstract ar-
gument for a tree trade of corn, in answer to the last speaker. It
could not be. he said, that labour to the amount stated by Mr.
Lafone •nd Mr. Dryer's could be thrown out of employment, for
then it must be supposed that we were to get the can from our
continental neighbnurs for nothing. But no: it must be pur.
chased by manufactures, and these manufactures must employ, in
their pnxlnetion, the labour disengaged from the production of
er . Is there then a greater preht from the o employment
of labour than the other? Is that profit in favour of agricultural
labour? No ; on the contriq, the e was a comparative loss ;
for the labourer, whose produce we would, in case of an importa-
tion of corn, exchange for that corn, was formerly expended to
a disadvantage, beirg employed upon bad soil. If by labour
on !manufactures we coed purchase 20 bushels of coin from
the foreigner, whilst by the same labour in agriculture we
could. produce only ten hushe's of corn, surely the former were
the better. This, then, is the tact in principle, if not precisely
in terms. It is 1101. moreover, Mr. Smith said, the whole truth,
to say that by a difference of .Os. a quarter the injury to the poor
is only Is. 2d. on the week's expense of subsistence, as far as
corn is concerned, for this 20s. entered into all things produced be
labour in the country r the poor had, therefore, out of the wages of
labour to pay not only Is. 2d. a week more for his bread and meat,
but a like amount for his shoes, clothes, &c. It is not, he
said, wiilvd to injure any class of the community; a protecting
duty will still be desired ; but we are desirous of correcting a great
evil in our national economthe expending a portion of our labour
on bad soils. The good soils— will still be neared in a remunerating
price ; the bad only will be thrown out of cultivation. Why should
we compel ourselves to rear all our corn for consumption, any more
than to rear grapes and tea, for our wine and our gossip beverage ?
The error is the same in both cases, though lees glaring in the one.
When we consider how we are embarrassed with debt, it is surely
wisdom in us to cherish commerce, to enable us to bear or to pity
thit debt, just as it is the interest of a shopkeeper who is involved
to mind his business more earnetely than ever, in hopes of reliev-
in,i, himself. 'What should we think of him if he were to shut up
his shop ? Suchlike is our conduct, in cramping our trade. The
increase of trade would at ones go to the elevating the country in
the scale of nations, enriching the rich, and giving comfort to the
poor. A protection will still be upheld by a duty, gradually, how-
ever, decreasing; in the certainty of price, which will result, will
be found, greater and more solid advantage than in the present
system of precarious prices. Ireland, said Mr. Smith, as an in.
tegral pan of the kingdom, must ne:essarily benefit by what would
benefit England.

Mr. RATHDONEIade a statement in refutation of an argument
of the Agriesslinral Journal, respecting, we believe, the compara-
tive capitals employed in agricultural and other industry. On the
subject of Ireland, he called attention to the fact, that she was
aiming to get from a state of sericulture to a state of manufactures.
Mr. ILaroste replied. He urged again, that the loss of employ-
ment is of mire consequence to the labourer than the cost of sub-
sistence, of which he took no heed when fully employed. Ile MI.
tended, in ansser to an argument of Mr. John Smith, that if land
be converted into pasturage. the pasture farmer would be ruined.
He reiterated, that at was visionary to suppose, that by throwing a
por.irn of our soil out of cultivation, we could benefit the co.n-
munity. We are doing well—every industry is flourishing and
remunerated. Let not this good estate be thrown into jeopardy to
serve the foreigner.
The amendment was negatived, and the original resolution
Fated..

Mr..i. SMITH. in moving the next Resolution, said, in pur-
suance f the opi; iat he already had expressed, if trade is open we
take corn from other countries, not seeking their henotit, but our
own. There It a perfect reciprocity, otherwise we will certainly
not import. The good land would still be cultlvated at home—
we could only du 1-jury to our interest to a certain point—
we would protect their interest up to that point at which
protection is cons:s:ent with the general Interest; an Impetus
sill be given by the new system to all the industry of the
country. II a country refuses to import any of its corn, the
inh,liunts must suffer misery in very high pnces, and the landed
interests he rui• e 1 in very low prices. in time of famine we
cannot look to other countries (unused to prepare for us) for
any supply ; it is not probable they can supply us, and we have no
cent for a surplus in time of the extremest cheapness ; but V we
open 'lie trade, that general equality which will always befound
Lion the large scale of the world, will secure us from any chance
of famine. There is also, said Mr. Smith, a more general subject
of consideration : if we admit Importation, we add a new pro-
bability or security to peace with other countries. This is obvious ;
it will be the interest of those States from whom we import, to
keep at peace with their customer. The population win favour
this amity in which they have their gain, and the public interest
and feeling may often thus force it upon their governments to have
respect to the civilized argument of reason, instead of the vude
argument of force, when subjects of difference arise that threaten
war. Mr. Smith took occasion to compliment Ministers upon the
sound principle of free trade upon which they were acting—a free
corn trade would be the consummation. Ile would not stop to
inquire whose thunder this was. Whosoever it be, he prayed that
it might roll on, and dissipate the fog of ignorance and mistaken
interest, and usher in the sun of peace, and reason and good will,
illuminating all the nations of the earth in one common radiance.
Mr. BRYAN/ spoke spin. In answer to something on that
subject, which Mr. Smith had said, he contended that the expense
of freight and other charges, on importation, wu no protection to
the home grower. lie compared, to illustrate this, the expense of
importation from several parts of Ireland, with the expense ofiso_
portation f.om several parts of the Continent. These he showed to
be nearly equal; and it wets obvious then there could be found no
protection there, since we imported largely from Ireland. As to the
manufactures of Ireland being fostered, he said there was no such
thing to tester. As to the peace and plsasant calm to arise from
the thunder of which Mr. Smith had spoken, he was content to
trust rather to our stout yeomen for the security of the peace of the
country.
-- -

31r. Alderman CASE said, the gentleman appeared to run away
with the idea thst.no duty at all is to be preserved, and that we
are to dictate particulars. No such thing. The Committee re.
commend an import duty, and only pray Parliament to take the
subject into consideration, lie seconded the commendation of
Ministers, especially Mr. Huskisson, whose talents fur business,
and knowledge of the true principles of trade, he highly lauded.
As to the injury to the labourer, he avowed a conviction that the
fickleness of price was the source of greatest injury to him. The
yeoman, the farmer, had been often grievously injured by this in.
constancy of price; and he believed the landlord had not been
benefited. The farmer sometimes got high prices—then he in-
creased his expenditure : pits n.ly they fell—then he was ruined.
31-sera SMITH, Rev ANS. and LAFONE, than engaged in some
din:cession ahem prices. We must pass on without noticing
every word said by these very frequent speakers.
3lr. ADAM Hopiases, in moving the fourth resolution, said it
had been put into his hands since he came into the morn. What
he had heard from others made it unnecessary fpr him to say much.
The principle appeate I to be fully recognized by the meeting, that
the Com Laws were mischiesous. One eircuinstance alone, said
Idr. If edgsor, obscures the fair prospect of the national Prosperity
—the low rate of profit on all trade and empl. yore it cf a twenty.
Profits had been regularly declining for a lorg per od ; he nti ler.
stood no remedy fir this evil but the repeal o the Corn Laws : on
that ground was he solicitous for their ltyeal. He congratulated
the assembly on the sound views which appeared to be entertained.
If the rine tees of political economy were true, they cannot be car.
tied ton far. They are the but guide of trade, and, of course, of
national prosperity.
Mr. 31orttLy made some statements of the average prices in
foreign ports. for a caries of years, with a slew to show thee., pre.
tecred by a du;' . and by the various charges of importation, the
Lome grower had in fact nothing to fear from importation. He
stated also. that the recent Aireriain tariff law had been enacted
chiefly in disgust with our system of prohibition of the American
staple artiem corn. Ile urged also, tt combinatiens among the
1 boners in manufactures, arose attain:f frem the fluctuations in
the mice of food wising from the cons laws.
Mr. BATH DONE confirmed the statement of Mr. Mosel!, on the
subject of the temper of hostility to England, in which the
American tariff had passed. It is urged, said Mr. Rathbone, that
we have A-wished under our present system : true said be, but in
spite of, not by means cf it. •
Mr. BILTNNELL moved, without any comment, that a petition,
enibodyirg the sentiments of the resolutions, be adopted as the pe-
tition of the Alerting.
Mr. Re sn TON urged one single remark only, in seconding this
motion. He heartily applauded 31in:seers for their liberal and en-
lightened views in regard of commerce; and the only reason, he
said, why this pernicious s; stem, the Co.-n Lases, yet remained an
exception to the principles a lii.ch Minis:vs held and avowed, was
becanse of that inert fcrce of unreasoning opinion which was to be
found in the legislature, which was to be moved only by the levers
of ir ternst and influence. It became us to press upon Ministers to
carry their win principle forward, in despite 4:f the opposition of
the dead weight of Parliament, and to encourage them in this
course by the assurance of the sum rt, of the opinion, and appro-
bation ct the whole commercial and manufacturing interests a the
conntry.
31r. HATIIBONE wished that the names of' die requisitionists
should be published, in order that this matter might not be sup-
posed to originate with corn dealers only, but with the genteel,
mixed commercial interests of the town.
Mr. J. A. YATES supported this proposition.
The 31sir oil thought it superfluous, and be knew it to be ern.
usual.

On that part of the motion for giving the Petition to certain rer-
,on- to preicnt, which respecte.i Lord Derby-
31r. lt I'SIiTON moved th? suistitutio:i of the name of Lord Li-
•erpool for that of the Earl of Derby, on the ground that Lord
D,rby was seldom found in (-opacity to present petitions, he, in
fact, havirg ahuost entirely withdrawn from attendance in Par-
liament.

The MAY o a deprecated any thir.g like diereipeet to Lord Derby,
whose conduct as Lord Lieutenant o: the district, far a Wog period
of time, merited ill respect.
Both names were accordingly adopted in the Resoktion.
Thanks were Toted to the Mayor, who replied. in scknowledg.
ment of the compliment, that on every occasion, he begged to say,
he would be fcund ut his post