The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-08-30 00:00:00

GERMAN PAPERS.

[Prom the Aretrian Observer.]

COWITANTIUOPLU, JULY U.
• The measures latelyadopted to restomdiscipline
and order among the Janissaries are not only en-
forced with g►eat strictness, but daily extended.
The Sultan* has commanded, that the number of
Janimaries quartered in the hawks shall not ex.

ceed 40,006 men; that the other descriptions of
troops,
such es the Topachis, Bombard'," Dos-
Lke. shall lay aside the badges of the several
divisions of the Janissaries, and shall wear only
the number of the orta of their respective corps ;
that the sign ofthe orta shall in future be fixed only
to the barracks and guard-houses, and never to other
building•, which acquire thereby illegal protection ;
that the public markets,where in former troublesome
times the greatest excesses were committed, shall
henceforward be guarded exclusively by that arta
to which the Aga of the Janissaries belongs. The
Janissaries, who clearly see from all these measures,
and from the instant punishment that falls on every
one who acts contrary to them, the Government is
this time really in earnest, have submitted in hum-
ble silence, and the salutary effects of these first
reforms are felt by the inhabitants of Constantinople.
The Turkish fleet has lately left ifs station off
Tenedos, after being joined by all the reinforce-
ments sent to it from this city. It is said that it
will go first to, Petra., to fetch the new High Ad-
miral, Kara Mehmed -Pacha, the news of whose
death was false; on the contrary he iv said to have
made some successful sallies against the corps of
insurgents that blockade Patna by land. The
Egyptian and Algerine fleet was seen on the 14th
of July n,lir Samoa. What has been related of
landings effected by this fleet on several islands of
the Archipelago is not yet confirmed, except that it
stopped at Cendia, and landed some hundred men
near Suds, who were immediately engaged with
the insurgents: it seems no where to have attempted
ally thing.
The month of Jane has been the most unfortu-
nate for the Turkish army in their contest with the
Greeks. The citadels of Athena, and of Napoli di
Romania, capitolatee nearly at the same time. The
capitulation of the first was signed on the 22d.
According to the conditions the garrison was to
withdraw unmolested, but it is said, nevertheless,
to have been afterwards murdered. Coron, Motion,
and l'atras, were still blockaded by the insurgents.
Kars Mehmed Paella, the new High Admiral, had
hitherto vigorously defended the letter; and the
unexpected retreat of the Insurgent Chief, Coloco-
troni, to Gestuni (on the south of Paints), had been
of much advantage to him.
This was nearly the state of affiirs when accounts
were received of the latest operations of the Sem-
kier, Chourschid Pacbs. It was thought for a time
that he was detained by the diversions effected in
Albania, partly by the Suliots, and partly by the
Greek Insurgents; it seem', however,. that this was
not the care. Choorschid Paella had left the con-
duct of the war in Albania to the Paella of Arta,
who, with a corps of 6,000 men, attacked the In-
surgents in the middle of the mouth of July, and
is said to have obtained important advantages over
them, of which, however, none of the details have
reached us. Mean time Chourechid niche, with the
main army of 40,000 men (other accounts make it
more numerous), marched to Thessaly, by way of
Zeitun, where the Insurgents are said to have re-
ceived a severe defeat, penetrated through the
Tleermopylas, and oceopied Livadia and Sslona;
and, according to subsequent letters, recovered
Thebes arid Athens. It is certain that towards the
end of July (June ?), the greatest consternation pre-
•vsiled in all these parts, and that desperate mea-
sures were taken for the defence of the Pelopon-
DeSall.

To an army like that• under Chourschid Pachs,
the lutorgents, it is true, cannot oppose one of
equal strength ;yet their force would be great enough
considering the enthusiasm with which they must
be supposed to be inspired, to make • powerful re.
sistenee, did not the want of harmony among their
leaders impede their enterprises on all sides, their
ablest military chiefs are rough soldiers, who will
not be dictated to by the better informed political
leaders, who ere wholly ignorant of war. Odysseus,
celebrated in Europe on account of his political
name, was neither more nor less than a common
Mainote highwayman, and on whom Ali Pacha con-
ferred a kind of importance, by employing him in
the most desperate and sanguinary enterprises—this
Chief, after having at first rendered important set-
vices to the Insurgents, appears uow to have met
with an end worthy of his former exploits.
Th►e Political Junta, which calls itself the Greek
Senate, sent to him two officers who had been
brought up in foreign service to assist him in con.
ducting his military operations. Odysseus had
them murdered without ceremony. On this he was
declared a traitor, and excommunicated. He then
joined Choorschid niche, and has been of great
assistance to him in his present expeditions.
According to the latest accounts, be has already
met with his death, in what manlier is not kuown.
Colocotroni, though of rather • better character
than Odysseus. seems to be openly at variance with
the Political Junta. He has raised the blockade
of Patras without any reason, and is even said to
have recalled his son from Albania, where he com-
manded a small corps. Demetrius Ypsilanti, whose
personal character was esteemed, had lost all credit,
by his total want of military talents. Maurocon-
dato, • young anus of much understanding, and of
great capacity for political affairs, acts now the part
of • General, for which he is not qualified, either
from ill judged ambition, or from the real want of
serviceable commanders. His enemies accuse him
of aiming at the Dictatorship, which some accounts

• Tits is costumed by the meows fro. Cork

.~...-

say his party has really given hie). 'Under inch
circumstances the cause of the Insurgents moot
prosper, except through extreme indolence and
want of energy on the part of the Turkish Govern.
went.

The annual appointment of the two Kadinskers,
and of the Supreme Judge of Constantinople, has
been male within these few day,. Halil &di Arif
Bey was appointed Kadissker of Romelie, one of
the most important posts in the civil administration
of the Ottoman Empire.

During this hot summer the plague has appeared
in ♦arious parts of the Turkish Empire. Even the
capital and its environs are not wholly free from it.
The same is stated to be the case at Salonichi ; but
it is stated to commit treat ravages in Albania.
Alexandria in Egypt, and Algiers, have also been
visited by this scourge.—(Austrian Observer,
Antra 16.)

FRANKFORT. AUGUST 22.
The German Journal of this city contains va-
rious accounts copied from the Allgeineine Zeiimng
of the victories said to have been gained by the
Greeks in articles dated from Constantinople, 23d
and 26th July, and Semlin, gth August. These
accounts, written by Greeks, are in direct contra-
diction ; it ob , with those given by the Aus-
trian Observer, from Constantinople, 25th July,
which it gives at length, as also the accounts insert-
ed in the same Paper, received from Corfu, which
are as follows :

We (the Austria. Observer) have received re-
ports from Corfu of the 24th, 27th, and 29th of
July, which furnish us with the following particu-
lars :—On the 6th of this month the Pach■ of Arta
had a rencontre near the little town of Places, with
the troop., amounting to about 35,000 men, which
were commanded by Captain Marco Ihzzari and
two Greek leaders, Isco and Taskir, who had join-
ed. After a smart action, in which the loss was
equal on both sides (the Pacha, however, had his
horse killed wider him and his baggage taken), the
insurgents retreated in great haste to the strong
position of Petta, in the mountains (two German
miles from Arta). The occupation of Paces en-
abled the Pacha to ►each Arta without farther op-
position, and there to prepare his further operation..
The insurgents had erected many entrenchments
about Pettit, and formed two camps, one of which
was called the Hellenic, and the other Philellenic.
In the latter were the Germans and other volunteers,
under General Norman:), about 280 in number,
with two field pieces and a great quantity of bag-
gage. On the 16;h the Turks, in three division'',
attacked both the camps. The entrenchments were
obstinately defrilded fur some time, and the Turks
experienced great loss. But the Albanians soon
pressed forward with such impetuosity, that all re.
sistance ceased. Irvin Aga, a young Albanian
Chief, of good fimily, look with his division seven
redoubts, 'but was mortally wounded, and died the
following day at Arta.
One of the first attach of the Turks was direct-
ed against the Philellents. After a valiant bet
fruitless defence of their port, the greater part was
cot off in about an hour. Of the 200 men, 150
remained dead on the field. General Nurmann
and Lieut.-Colonel Gubernati escaped with about
70 to the mountains near Combotti, the rest were
taken prisoners, brought to Arta, and executed in
different parts of the town. On the 18th, the Al-
banians with great booty, and numerous trophies
of their victory, entered Arts. Among the latter a
great number of F:uruptan insignia were found.
In the baggage of the Piiilellenes was found also
the passport given to General Normann on the Bth
of December, 1821, by the Committee of Friends
of the Greeks at Stutgard, and numerous testi-
monial* of the, military services performed ou pre-
ceding occasions by the members of this little
corps.

The above account proceeds from the pen of an
eye witness (end he is a German), who laments the
fate of his unlnoppy countrymen with that feeling
which must inipirc every well-constituted mind on
hearing of such events.

After the action of the 16th, which the Talks
consider an a decisive victory, though the war in
Albania is not terminated by it, the Albanians oc-
cupied the important positions of Petta. Bozzari
and General Magnolia (Gubernati is said to have
perished in his flight) threw themselves with the
scattered remainder of their troops into the almost
inaccessible defiles of the mouutaius of Macronora.

On the 18th the Turks attacked another position
of the insurgents near Sufi, where they were how-
ever repulsed with considerable loss.

Colocotrours son, and the well-known Captain
Gogo, each with 800 men, had been in the camp
of the insurgents. The former was obliged to
withdraw before the action at Petta, by order of his
father, who is said to have quarrelled with the Greek
Authorities. Gogo left the Greeks immediately
after the first skirmish.

Meantime Chourschid Pachs, with s numerous
army, has marched to Zeilon, passed the Thermo.
pylet, recovered Livadia, and it is said even the
citadel of Athens, which capitulated a few months
ago. Accounts just now received state that he bas
already even occupied Corinth, in which he has
been greatly assisted by the well-known Odysseus
who has lately deserted the Greeks.

FRANKFORT, AUGUST 20.

The Spec Minor Oriestel says, " Aecordiug to
letters from Selouichi, of the 7th July, every thing

was 'quiet in Macedonia and at Salonichi." One
letter gays, " There is not the shadow of as insur.
section is Macedonia, whatever some Journals in
Europe may say!" Voltam* there had been
some cases of plague at Salonichi ; it was hoped,
however, that it would soon cease, ■nd in fact no-
thing had been said about it for these two or three
last days.

Perfect tranquillity reic,,no nt Smyrna, and the
Greeks enjoy entire arcutity both in the city and
the country.—(Frankfurt Papers. August 23.)

13ERLIN, AUGUST 10.

The celebrated chemist, Frederick Accum, who
left England a ye.r and a half ego, hes been op.
poimied by the King Professor in the establish.
ment called the Geteerbe Institut (institution for
trades), where inotructintis ore given to persons in.
tended fur particular trades and manufacturing
profes.ions. M. Accum will deliter public lectures
during the winter.—(Allgcmeine Zeitung.)

VIENNA, AUGUST 14.
Mehaws, 81 532 ; Bank Shares, 841 9.10.

'III-IE BRITISH PRESS.

LONDON,
FRIDAY, Mums? 30, 1822.

Yesterday was the day fixed for the KING'S de.
parture from Edinburgh. MS MAJESTY proposed
to embark from the neighbourhood of that city,
and may be expected at his Palace in Pall-mall
to-morrow. The LORD CHANCELLOR remains in
town awaiting his return. Immediately after hit
MAJESTY'S arrival a Council will be held, at which
the arrangements consequent upon the death of the
Marquis of LONDONDERRY will be taken iuto con-
tideration. The appointment of Lord COLCHESTER.
first noticed in this Paper, to the office of Secretary
of State for the Dome Department, vice Mr. PEEL.
is considered one of the changes moat likely to take
place. Ilia Lordship is eminently qualified for the
situation.

It will be seen by the letter from the Ag►nt to
Lloyd's at Gibraltar, ihat the Government of Spair
has marked its sense of the conduct of the United
States, in recognising the independence of the
South American Governments, by commanding the
States to remove their depot of naval storey hoc
the island of Minorca. Spain could not, without I
compromise of her dignity, fail to evince displeasure
against the United States, on account of the recog
nition of her revolted provinces; but the step o
compelling the States to look around for anothc
depot in the Mediterranean will probably have ►h.
effect of inducing the Americans e•ernestly to basis•
the Greeks, from whom alone they can expect t.
obtain a harbour. Should Greece owe her freedon:
to the interference of the United States of America
while the ancient free Powers of Europe looker
coldly on the contest, it will afford them everlart
ing glory. When Greece sunk under the arms s'
AbIURATH, America was yet undiscovered, and the
Turks were the most formidable people in the world
America has since passed from infancy to th
strength of maturity, and now exercises a consider-
able influence upon the affairs of Europe, whit-
the Ottoman Porte is sinking into the decrepitudt
of old age. Greece ventures once again to hope fg
independence. and her patriots look for !mistimt
to the country where • confederation of Republic.
seems to offer a picture of what Greece herrelf in
exhibited in the brightest period of her existence
We confess that we should envy the United State
the glory of giving liberty to Greece.

The Paris Papers are beginning to acquire
deeper interest than they have fur some time pot
seued. Those of Monday, which have arrived
our Office, contain intelligence from Madrid o'
culated to give a painful impression respecting th
situation of the Royal Family of Spain. The cor
dition of crowned heads has been made the &alibi
subject of very sage though trite remarks upo
the little happiness that usually belongs to th.
rank, but sorrow most have befallen the Roy,
House of Spain with more than the ordinary de
gree of bitterness when we find that the your
Princess, who so lately united her fortunes bathos
of FERDINAND, is sim.king into the grave under II
weight of a nervous malady, brought on, it is suit.
by the continued state of alarm to which her Mr
Jerry has been subjected. It is added that a
KING had demanded permission to go to Salida
that his Royal Consort might enjoy the benefit
the bath., but that this request had been denied t.
him. The QUEEN, indeed, would be suffered t
go whither she pleased, but her MAJESTY, sit•
Saxon spirit, refused to leave the Palace unle••
she were accompanied in the manner that beam
her rank. We hope sincerely, and this hope per
haps influences our belief, that the statement
without foundation. We have not been preplan
to view the King of SPAIN as a captive in his Ps
lace, and although it is painfully true that the fro
gile texture of the female mind is too apt to sir•
under the influence of even remote terrors, we yt
think that no cause of serious alarm has been give
to the QIMEN, and therefore trust that this story o
her extreme danger is founded less in reality thin
in the apprehension of her friends, or the " weal
invention" of the enemies of the Constitution.

The miserable banditti who are endeavouring b