The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-05-16 00:00:00

EAST INDIA HOUSE. MAY 15, lett.
THE COURT of DIRECTORS of the
UNITED COMPANY of MERCHANTS of ENG-
LAND, trotting to the EAST INDIES, do hereby giro
Notice,
That a GENERAL COURT of the said COMPANY
will be held at ihrir House in LeadenhalLstrret, on WED-
NESDAY, the tech instant, at Eleven o'Clork IN the Fore-
name, for the special purpose of laying before the Pro-
prietors an unanimous Resolution of the Court of Direesors
of Moshe to the Most Noble the Mac tail of Hest-
lags, X.G. sad G.C.8., Governor Gemmel of Bendel, which
Beeelietwa ii.llOW epee at this House fur the perusal et the

JOSEPH DART, Ssereiary.

MR. OWEN'S NAN.

A Public Meeting was held yesterday at the
City, of London Tavern, Brshopsgate-street, cots-
vened by Mr. Owen, to consider -of • plat) for the
permanent relief of the British •ngricultutal and
manufacturing Labourers and the -Irish Peasantry.
At half-pest Invite o'clock Jout INGRAM
LOCKHART, Esq. was called to the Chair. He
then addressed the meeting, stating the object for
which they were assembled, and requested their at-
tention whilst Mr. Owen should explain his Plan.
Rossi? Owes Esq. theft :dimmed the meet.
ing. He apologised for the time which it must tie-
cesserily consume, and then spoke to the following
effect from • printed paper :
My present journey to Shia part of the kingdom commenced
with a view of collecting information with regard to the
real slate of the public mind, respecting the siagolar Rhea-
time is which thin country has been since the termieetioe of
the late war, exhibiting the tame privations and distress
ameeg its iabakaiaala from peace and ;Army, as usually M-
alawi war and famine; and also to discover if wane exist.
ed by whirl, an union could be effected between the great
toppasieg Interests which sow retard the prosperity of all

With then intentions, I atiendrd several of lb. woos, po.
pular public meetings which are held la the stetropolis at
this steno, sod I have freely nixed with all parties in pri.
ease, to acquire a kauwledge of the real, as well as of the
loon popular notintente repressed in public, which are
sone, ions at variasee with each ether.

The result of this proceeding ►as convinced me there is a
large moral of good feeling throughout society, and that
Whiter more is now required to relieve, effectually, the
Acostal distress which pressed so severely ou the lowa
clews, and particularly me the Irish, than to give to that
feeling • sound practical direction,
Several individuals, who saw this subject its the same
light, sent • delegatiou to request I would call • public
meeting fur the purpose of @Woo( these sentiments, and of
explaining the memos by which au union of all pa►ties may be
sow (unwed, with a view to effect it great sad accessary pub-
lic benefit, without the sacrillee of any conscientious princi-
ple. At this time I was preparing to retorts to Scotland, hut
the delegates urged thei► request with so much earnestness,
as to induce n■e to yield to their solicitations, sad is comm.
'pence this meeting was called.
Mr. Owen then proceeded to demonstrate the practicabi-
lity of a• 111111.12 of all parties, of all countries, and of every
relifiss, in the furtherance of the great objects which he
had in view, namely, to secure permaneut relief to the work-
log clauses; for which it was necessary,
I. That they shall be usefully trained and educated.
2. That they shall be rendered industrious, and be use.
fully employed.
3. That the objects eis which their industry shall be exert-
ed shall he readily exchanged with adventege; sod 'bat the
demorshsiog circumstances with which they are now sur-
rounded shall be removed, and be replaced by others having
a more mural tendency.
Mr. Owen, in costiosation, observed on the various art-
venters to be derived to all classes of the community, w►en
these objects should be attained.
Mr. Owego thus went on—lt le now for me to explain, on
the hags of the principle stated, the means by which the
Irish peasantry, and the pour sad working cl in g I,
may be permanently relieved. To thuds who hive Lad
much esperienre among there clears, it will be at once ob-
'jou% that while they pinata is itogoveruahle masses, or
live scattered in stogie families, apart from their species, that
even at • great expense of lime, labour, sod moues,, very
little comparative benefit can be effected for them.
To proceed t►e must speedily, economically, and free-
tudly to improve dime who have beet. hitherto neglected, it
is abrulaely necemary that they should be combined jou
con•euteni inavirs for training, education, mid employment ;
for a ready pt rmalirot dirtnbslion i•f the products of their
labour; and for the most cssy mode of governlug them fug
their own beuelit.

The numbers in each of these associations should be cwt.
lined within certain limits; if too large, the evils of towns
■nd cities, crowded dwellings sod unwholesome aintosphete,
unhealthy occupations, &fettle., tremble and education,
and other ineoovettienres, could not be mudded. Kota the
other hand, the number were below a certain amount, t►e full
benefits of combination *until not be unitised, and tile chil-
dren could not be well educated. As the result of muc► cos-
siderat ion on this subject, it is proposed that each association
shall consist offrom tioo to 1.000 pentane, accordiug to cir-
cumstances. The form of • large square seems to present
the moat eligible disposition fur the domestic accommods-
nun of suc► society, the dwelling-houses occupying the sides
of thesquere, sled the public bendier being placed la the
centre. This plats combines all the adirautsges of a town mod
country residence, •sithout the inconveateuces of either, sad

admits of the best sad meet maple trinomial srrasgesseets
fee seturiag the health of the whale popoiaiioo, 141 f feminine.
instruction, an.l perveatiow—fee 'etiolating, lighting. mud
eiraning—for cotkieg sad setise--ead fur every illonawitie
object.
The evils which occessetity seise frees the prattles of
commerce, is the man* sideaeced stew of the *deem,
ate incalculable. sisee the terolaatios of the lams war, the
period whin its prelitable euistiseswee to the producers ea_
pied, it has aiisually destroyed assay milli**, Of their ca-
pital, sad the process of thirdrecties is atiN metes eis. As
manefaetares, tradeoasd erreamieree, caw yield a peedt oily-
as bag as the Missed emeeeds AM reoply, le is barely equal
to it, that pretest enemsereisi systems amaset admit of the
supply exceeding the demand; altheseh ti Is the Mier's* of
all shot it should do set hot society hes sew acquired the
means of prodseing far mere thee she population of the
world ems ndrestege•saly cesium'. To reader the existing
system prolitalar., thee/Awe, it meld be necessary to destroy
ee much of the power of predeettee as should reduce the
ta,,
supply msthia eke demo* sad coati% restrieis that.
power; bet It is dirieily maslastry ke the i• . ekappo,
owe that this power @lima be 'limited or
..
Varier". eirceemessimmteremsegledgeilli the Mt* war, owe •
peculiar Impetus Is the pervert of jpeedoction its Gest &f-
-tails, of which the meet wits contesemisraie with
the wants ottani by the gigestie armies of the costes&
lag porno; but at she tormanstion of this wide-spread sus. ,
lest, gibes se formidable • demos of waste sad destruction
ceased its attire operetimie, said the world was all•wed to be
at peace, peace ovoid not be enjtoyed, becaose a moral atop
was pat to trailing sad cossraerdal prosperity, by the excess
of supply herbed the destined.
SO ifcrp-rotted see the /ogees which make men eliag I.
the premiss commercial system, as the only mesas by which
the wawa of the world ems lie supplied, that they will molt
to every expedient to uphold it, wwwithataoding the fright.
fed sacrifices of capital, and the extreme distress is which
the, attempt is homily isvolving them; sue will they cease
their efforts until their ingenuity, agass and again bailed,
shall at length be exhassied. They will thee perhaps ask
themselves this simple quesiios-ott'hy should we wish to um.
duce the supply trials the &mead !
.-. .

. . .
Vibes the Med cam he divested of the prevailing preju-
dices tea ibis subject, the true isterests of society will be
foetid to coasiat, Ist, la the discovery of what those shiers
ire which ere necessary to give the greatest advantages to
bosses eatery • sad idly, lei the adoption uf the best Ilßtsllll
by whieb a ret;inielesd 'imply of them may be produced mad
be accessible to all, 'by& se cause may remote der appeal.
lieu of interests. At ibis mamma all parties are swaying
grievously froth the effects of the error of the commercial
eyries, sod sons mere them the iodividuals immediately
engaged is it, millinus of whom, fur the sake of • bare
sebeintence, are subjected to every kind of degradstioa and
wreicbedoese ; while by the proposed arraisgewsrats, each
itidividual will be (mauled to possess moth misfuri„ and
amity advaetages, through every period of his life. le eon-
segemere of their neember mine, the elemeters of the
new ANIOOI4IIOIIIII, even at first, will have to sell mid pur-
chase far less thaw iniividuals ceder Ilse taught' system,
sad in the MIMS proportion will the risk and expesse of their
commercial transact toes be diminished.

To peewee' loss and law-wits, as well as the evils wins;
from • system of credit, these transactions should always be
in mosey, and be dually settled ie the shortest time that
eiremstaisces will admit. As the somber of these Comae-
sines isereeses, the 'itchier of product, with each other
will gradually supersede the oeeesskty of hairnet recourse to
tweamois etscielly to. the supply anise. waits. This earhasge
le the earlier stales of eheir rownss, may be advisotsgeowely
effected use the principle of estiseating the vales of commie
dities by the queasily of labour equated for their produc-
tion ; the quantity, with refereoce to each article, being pre-
viously ascertained end melee* agreed epee mad Orel for
deemed periods; end for coeveeiener, this labour may be
represented by @oleo, or Community Bank paper, bearing
the value of one, or any number of days labour. But after
• sufficient number of Communities, within • moderate die
111• Cit of each other, shell be in action to create • full supply
of all the articles required by each, any such medium of
exchange will be found neither necessity nor desirable.
The coenexiou substationg bet were the s I Associations
being founded on the tense common interest by which the
members of each are united together, they will cordially
eo-operate in forming arrssgenwnts, which shall place the
production nod cumumenue of the whole confederation on
the must permanent basis. All that can be necessary, in
order to attain this object, will be first to regulate the pro-
duction of each commesity according to its localities and
to the rowel wants; and, secondly (as each community will
produce • surplus of certain products beyond its own poe
ethic waits), to establish periodical conversers, by memos
of which these venoms surplus products may be regularly
itsterchauged. In this meow, will the public stores of each
community always contain an overflowing stock of all those
things which can minister to the comfort or gratification of
rational beings, •nd in these associations, poverty, or the
fear of poverty, will have no existence.
Men placed in these associations, will soon realize abun-
dance of the ries end comforts of life, and little
decrement will can't for individual accumulation; our, as •
society, can they be influenced by may desire to amass wealth
beyond what may be amply gut:finest to protect then against
every coetieeency.
It cannot fail to be perceived. that the harmony and sle
hasty of the mew laminations will mainly depend upon the
training and educe!' of the young. In regard to this sub.
ject of paramount importance, the principles which have
been developed iu the Mat part of this work, will guide ns
with ene:ring certainty to wood conclusions mid correct
practice. 's'e have *hewn that mem Is naturally influenerd
by circumstances, and it is espy to prove that it depends in
• great degree upon the hillocoes of (hese circumitauces,
whether the individual shall benne, a civilized man or •
eaauibal, a charitable or • ferocious being, eulightened or
ignorant. happy or Miserable.
It is the distieginibing feature of the new arrangements,
that heisig thoughout consistent with the principles just
stated, they at once place the rising generation beyond the
ins of all those eirrionsweeces which in every existing
slate of rociety are continually °pirating to produce vice
and misery. By the very set of introducing • child into one
of these essociatiow, constituted in the manner we hare de-
&relied, we shell have surmounted all the great obstacles
which are at present Interposed to his field misting and
elocution, and in his future well-being. The course which
remains to he pursued is simple and atraiglit forward.
His instructors will regard hint as • being epos whose
plastic mature education, as it is will or. ill directed. may
stamp the bast or worst impression ; in whom, under owe
system of treatment, may be implanted is his earliest years
the seeds of jealousy, hatred, revenge, sad every evil passion.
while under another, ohm (whiles may be greatly dial.
wished, if got entireiyexcleded Reward* sad penislinsents,
emulation sad partialities, are the characteristics of the pre.
.end system, while the proposed will accuntplssb every thing
by kindness alone.
The former system, with the utmost difficulty and labour
to all coo eeeee it, effects vary inferior molts ; the mambo(
kiiidness,ms the other hand. when conseteured systematically
Coin iuf,iity, is calculated to produce only the best resell,
with little labour or difficulty of soy knot; and it will be
found to be beneficial that so other should be hereafter sp.
plied.
edlshiit.rawtiiothesinl
fetoriotpupeeth,r.e chi
ld be natu
re has
endownces
over which be cuvld have so control have narrated upon
him a character which is displeasing to us? or is it mere
✓enewal to reward moiler to whom nature has been more
liberal soil circumstances more propitious Is punishment
a likely method of improving and reforming the one, or
ears reward have any other effect upon the latter than to
revert his good qualities, the possession of which on no
degree depended upon himself, to render him a vein end
conceited being, mid to lend him to despise his less fortuitate

ferlow.ereatnres ? Can charity be expected in ut. a when the
elements of all vecharitahleness ere_tbuit effectaalty bundled
into the Minds of childrret ? 1
Such Sr. the dews which wlll.be uniformly acted up tn.
in regard to estimation in the new state of society. The ehil.
demo of each commontly will be hrotight up togethrr, sod
literally he is nue Amity, in which paritalitiet avid disuse
tines will have se place. They will eat al the same
tibir, wear the amuse dots., enjoy the same means of
1111110411nInt, receive the same Instruction, and be termed
ii all naltecis With the same undeviating kindness. No
.eiretwuwat4es will eii.t •roand them which can elicits
in their yoling (muds • single anti social tbmight,
which can possaily Irad Mean to ituarne that the
happiness of each dors sot consist in the Lippincott
of the whole. Long hefure verbal instruction cam be intelli-
gible to theta they will act instinctively, as it wen, in the
very spirit of die pre, ept, " Love thy neighbour;" and why
will they ace thus? Breatwe under the system in which=
nw see iroiord uo itlies will be infused into their winds

tiro rise to iostiebler conduct But
40051.-Ilpeeo ' talliesla • abeledelle,jt;
time mode, 'esselt tireeepetisers as
thdM is beet verb otbet.
system of' 'moraines whltil elf? be P.-v....
Me arrangements, will differ ',wistfully Trees that
.trprevails at prerreat. It is al Mistake suppose that
exists in ehildreu any reouguance to acquire keuw.
frier, or to imagine that the holiness of tuition is meta-
/Melly tot irksome task, and that which is proper for thins
lb learn must needs be furred epos theni The troth Is,
Slat at no age is the desire of knowledge stronger than in -
ahllelhood ; as this period of life all the objects which sot-
mead the human being peaces the charm of isovelty, sod
lie feeling of curiosity is intense. That the office of in.
sileneter may be rendered agreeable, and his scowlers fib.
tient and sreeptable, and that none but the hest firebug
may be created between him and his pupils, it is ne-
cessary to prevent to them the objects of their instrurlion,
is the order which corresponds with the natural develope-
meta of their faeultiee; and instead of disgusting them
with confined initiate, by endeavouring in early life to give
them ideas of things through the medium of written lan.
guile only; to convey to their minds clear aid distieet
perceptious, and camel knowledge, by the aid of sensibte
aisles, with and explanatioes. Move especially is it neces-
sary to withhold /ruin their young minds say disputed opi-
nions, regarding the truth or consistency of which their pre-
vious attainments do not enable them to form a rational
opinion ; for to act otherwise tend. directly to weaken and
destroy the must valuable of thee, iisteNeetwal powers.
We shall not, however, do justice to Witham nature, if
we caltifate the intelkcleal at the expence of the physical
powers. That the iodividoal may enjoy the high, at degree
of happioess of which he is susceptible, a soiled mind must
reside in a masa body. The powers of the body and of the
mind will in every imlivionl under the proposed errietge-
' went@ be cultivated wish equal care; • due proportim of
time being allotted to the exercise and improvement of each.
Political ecommists have hitherto totally misunderstood
their subject. They have in all cases supposed that the
mule obj,ct of society, was the accumulating of riche", and
that men would necessarily obtain all they required no pro-
portion as their wealth isereased. They have always rea-
soned as though man were an inanimate machine, without
the capacity of suffering, smideretanding, ur ssjapMq, and
have comemiroily recammooded those measures which were
calculated to siedusaahe mass of mankitul into sere insole-
meets of prodeetien, and to deteriorate the gamma/ powers,
physical aedaleilist, of each tealitridoal, that seats small part
of his faculties might he asmaturally and moot injuriously
cultivated. Thus have they led the public,etep by step, from
owe error to another, until at length they can proceed no fir-
tier, for the fact has become too eviitetit bat men can easily
produce more than they know how so distribute or eunsunie
advatitageomly. At this moment the chief sufferiug of
arises front an extras of wealth, which cannot be ten-
tiered available fur the great massof the people. who is 'eve.
esl districts are starring malty severe piivatsoos. The
science of political womanly is, or ought to be, only soother
term foe the science of human happens., for if it dues mat
promote this, it is of no value whatever.

name

As it has hitherto been taught, bowever, it is directly op-
posed to human happiness, nor is it raienlated to attain
even the inferno object of wealth, wbieb it professes to bare
is view.

Is recommends as its fendamestal prisciples the most
minute dives' of labour, and separate or individual inter.
este, among the whole human race; while the first dawn of
real knowledge respecting the mesas el creating riches, and
of promoting the well-being and happiness of mankind, will
make it evident that these principles are at once opposed,
Ist, In the most advantageous crestless, distribution, stud pre-
servation, of wealth ; ■od 2411 y, to the best formation of the
human character, physically, mentally, and morally.
No one eau doubt that it is for the interest of mankind,
that abundance of the most useful gad isstriessically valuable
products should be crested, with the least labour sad the
greatest beuefit to the producer mid consumer; that this
wealth should he distributed in the best mourner throughout
society, in older that each may have a full supply; that that
which remain' for future cease/option and reproduction,
should be the most easily preserved ; and that every 'omelet-
dual should be trained to be capable of esioyiag, is the
highest degree, the use of 'brae productions. But out use of
these essential objects can be attained under • system of
which the characteristics are, • minute divisioe of labour,
sad separate or individual interests.
The effect of the first of these erroneous' principles is
to form man into a creature far hairier to an iwareiinate
machiue; to deprive him (except in a sisale moist of
little comparative wallet) of all (amnesic* as an intelligent
rational being, sod to reader him an unequal competitor with
the harder material, of wood, brass, and iron, to effect adieu
the most useless result. The second of these principles de•
stroys all the supposed mileometers, arisiag frees the first, by
preventing to an incalculable extent, the askaption of the best
means for distributing and preserving wealth, after it has
beet, treated; and together they render it impossible That
the population of the world ean ever become, under their
iailiseseee, either nth,h.althy, intelligent, mural, or happy.
Political economists have hitherto Wee retire!), brut/rout
of human nature, mid emirequesitly of the ve►y elementary
principles ow which the science of political economy (in any
rational signification of the term) is founded.
" How to create the largest supply of the most valuable
prodoctimes with the least expense of lab•tur, and nth the
g►eatest amount of benefits to all," is the problem which this
science ie required to solve.
Accretes knowledge of became assure is all that isaow neces-
sary foe the attainment of each of thew objects In a high de.
grim of perfection, and if t►at knowledge be acted upon, po-
verty, or the fear of it, will no longer count, rad the happi-
er*, of society. But isatead of pushing the division of labour
eu far as to mutilate, if we may an speak, the character amen
—to reduce him infect tea small froetia• of as intelligent be-
ing, it will he the great object of all our arraugements to
place him ender circumstances is which all his valuable
powers, both phssiral and mental, will bean well and equally
trained from sorancy, that he will possess the abilities and
inclination to create abundantly whatever can be necessary
tip his comfortable existetice.

At this boor, wit► great industry and application, sad
ninth good intention, the modern economists, (ruin wholly
mistaking their auldeet, are producing throughout civilized
society the greatest self ring and evil.
They ban assumed it as so incontrovertible position, that
wealth is created of a superior kind and more sliiiudaatly,
is more wisely distributed, better preserved fur future con-
inalption, ur reproduced and more advastageossly used un-
der the present system of separate and opposing Interests,
ibis it would be under use of mutual aid and co-operation,
or of united interests. Aad altbengh the reverse were the
ease, they bane also supposed that it is impossible to noise
maatiod to act cordially sod beseiciall7 for the general

tied ; is abort, that human beings (void not be immolated
to exertion, except through the influence of indivulw.l, Mpg-
rate, and opposing interests. No greater proof than these
conclusions •ffurd, meld be exhibited of the utter lowbrow,
respecting human isiture and the elementary principles of '
their science, in which the economists are involved.
Every one at once admits the superiority of en army,
wall organised, and abundantly supplied with all the
wisteria's of war, over the rime number of individual,. en.
connected, untrained, unsopplird with arms and .aa.
rims for the contest, and earl. being obliged to think and act
and provide for himself, not only unaided bet opposed by
bM comrades. The diS rent effects to be produced by the
same nuniSer, under these opposite circumstances, warmly
admit of a comparison. Mimi in war obviously increases
the power of the individual n titousamd fold. Is there the
of a reason why
,it should not produce equal effects
In price? Why the principle of cio-opeowlien should net
give to men the mile superior powers and advantages in the
atistitrit, pleservatimo, distribution and mijarmeal of weallb
but it may he urged that men cannot be imolai. exile for
eiterapasepimeo eremite, )reserving, distrdmitiote; and en-
joying wealth and blppinem, in the tame manger aa they
have been nwinciated to prevent the creation of wealth, le
dlfirerfiro&em created, to overwhelms their fellow.crearartro
with poverty and ignorance, and to ing,ei upon them every
species of suffering, mud to render them destitute amid asi-
seeable.
These and all such notions are surely a libel on llama na-
ture, and have arisen solely from a woracenteptio• of what
it really is. The experience of the writer has removed all
doubt, from his mind on this subject ; and be hesitates eta
to say that the time lo now arrived when it will be far more
esoy.(as much more so as It will be more bewelleisl) le unite
Uses heartily in measures for promoting and oetturinu their
isiteresteb obeli it We been through the past agora the
wade), to induce them to art in emollient an owe body sad
tine mind, fur the purpose of isifbciing misery mod dewier.
thin on each oth. r. Men ran be impelled to co-operate for
the taller pnrpoee only so long all they are made irtatiatial,
and kept in that state.
Tn prodnce • union of the working classes for the attain-
ment of all the ohjecto of life, nothing more is necessary
than to train mss tram their infant-, id good habit., and to
be rational, and this will be easily accomplished under the
proposed arrangeuse-tte.

It remains to he exomintd, la order to complete the oath's
of these •reangenieum,:a what mouser the local goverment
of the sew commutative may be the most advantageously
conducted.
The administration of affairs, la the lest leslaoce, mesa
he delegated to a Select Committee, monspimed at such per-
seas as the knowledge of the parties commented may point
out as beiug the best en*lilled to sopnrialetul the diffneat
departments ; or appointed by the peeress who furnish the
capital. Seth individuals should be appoiated by the ma.
wagerePnt of these emaciation* as may be the must romps.
test. When the members of the association shall hare re-
ceived the advantages of the system of training and edromt
lion to which se have referred, each will be fully competent
to undertake the charge of some of the departmente. And
a very simple mode suggests itself by which every individual
may then advantageously for all participate t qually is the
business of management.
The future Commit tee accordingly will be composed of all
the members of the Society, beteeee certain ages of these.
fur Instance, treteee• 40 and 60. From what has been raid it
is easy to foresee that in such a mate of society the besieges
of the belociatsua will be easily managed
If any evils is practice should be footed to snow at first,
from inexperience, immediate m will be adopted to
doseuver the cause from which they originated, sod it may be
safely predicted that they will be easily removed.
While each associative will in its internal affmr• be lode-
ptodeat of all others, there will exist fur g I purposes a
cordial union sown them.
The same spirit which maitre the members of each will
necessatily lead to the most amicable alliance between one
assciation god every other.
As these imoitottions makiply, the same proportion
will an increase of benefits accrue to all who are placed
within the sphere of their iallurnee. National distinction
end prejudiers will gradually 'sebtndr, and erase to form a
barrier to the ramblishoeteat of a friendly intercoms., sod a
flee commonicaiiton and interchange of inventions, die-
coveries, ant improvements, among the greet families of
mankind. The happiness of one portion of the bursa
species will not be founded upon the sacrifice and miseries
of another.

Thus, if I am right, will the object of every great party
in the state be obtained in the shortest time, at the least ex-
pense, with the kart i ieece to any oat, sad the most
effectually.
111 r. OWEN then proceeded to reed the constitution,
laws, sod regulations proper for • community-such as he
proposed; after which he'proceeded to address the metallic.
He said, that for many years he bad bad no opportunity of
experiencing the beneficial resells chills bad arisen from
acting upon the pauripka contained a his propagates,.
Indeed, it was a principle so obvious, Ih■t almost all ma•
assented to it, namely, that the sitoation of all persons must
be influenced by the circumstances which surrounded them.
On that principle be had constantly acted for the space of
thirty years—(Hrar )--There was no secret in anj thing con-
tained In New Lanark, for he had always proceeded ups that
Dingle prine.ple. He had first discovered the amount of
dentoralizieg circumstances around those towards whom ►is
operations were directed; and having taineJ that, it
required, of course. much study to remove them. He bad me.
eessarily to oppose many otd-established piejudices. One of
the most powerful of these demu.sl.zing causes were publit •
houses—spirit and ginallops—snd he was fully convinced
that they prodeeed more than one half of ttie vices, Maas,
and miseries of the population. It was quite useless for me-
ekly to think of imploring the lower classes, velem they
bad the rattiest mese.. His first effort was to withdraw
the great evil, and in his arrangements no sack thing as •
public-itosse was to be found. Other ceases conspired so
keep the people la • Hate of poverty, and no man dist did
not experience it could know chat a demoralizing circuits-
stance erns poverty. He had thertfoi e warden bit. metnettreai,e
the people front a state of poverty. and under los airaegenients
it war impossible any one could be found in t►at reerl.l.on..
Pursuing that great principle, he found the result of his en.
demeanors had exeeedal his most sansiiine expeet•tions; •Bid
he had no hesitation to state that if his propositions were
generally adopted, the population or this country would be
alma re moruiize 1, and be raised from a aisle of poverty to
comfort nod happiness. He &timed, in t►e moot solitutia
maiinee. that society alone was to blame foe all the poverty
and vice which pervaded our pope Intion.—(Cite.rs.)—
Afier having removed the demoralizing circuntst aaaaa
which eerroun.kii t►e population at New Lanark (Which
was only an experiment to its bow far it could be male
beneficial to the public), he twat awned ►is attention to
throe circumstances which sent most likely to ameliorate

their condition. He found that the worst of the evil lay
very deep, and that in order to eradicate it, the remedy meat
go deep ako. He, tltrternre, determined thiii she inmate.
Hon of children should continence at two years of age, Lad
not as was generally the case, at six oeseven, and from exp.-
rivets heel:mid speak, t►at t►em was to period of 'ifs to
which it was of more imporarce to attend than from dm
skeet &Olean meths, to two and a half years. That might
appear to those who were soacquaisted with the crews-
starwe so exaggerated statement; but they had the autho-
rity of experience le its fitituar. He did not know if t►ere
were any persons preemie w►o bad visited two infant schools
established in Lou4aft, pactioadsriy that at Spitalarlds. He
had 'eta on exsrastidloary issidosee of that for whir h he was
contending at Owl school. It sontaisted 150 chldren from
the age of eighteett mau►s so acre years, and he hod trim
every one of them paw, thruagb a garde. in which Hors were
the most beautiful .wets, awl they dad not touch one of