The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1826-08-31 00:00:00

TO Tilt EDITOR or THE BALTIAIOUE GAZETTE.

CARTIIAGENA, Jt'LY 5, I 824 i.
Dear Sir,—The enclosed proclamation has just been published
in this city—it is a document of some interest, and may be of emote
use to you. The general opinion is. that General I'aez will be
condemned to death; and, as President Bolivar is expected in two
or three weeks. I make no doubt tranquillity in Venezuela will
be restored. We are all quiet in this department. In haste,
your's, Ate.
Tne Editors of the Gazette received from their Correspondent
a proclamation published at ('arthagena, by General Bermudez, on
or about the sth or July, in which he denounces, in the most
violent manner, the proceedings of General Paez—" Twelve thou.
sand valiant soldiers are marching upon Venezuela, by centaiia
of the Liberator President. They are returning from Peru. and
part of them have arrived at Panama. lie has just completed the
glorious work of Peruvian hinny and order ; and Cornice. whit
led him thither, will now bring him to the support of his virtuous
fellow.citisens, and the laws of his own enantry.
" The immortal Bolivar, raised by Providence to be the creator
and constant defender of Colombia, impelled by the glorious
destiny, returns to his country at the first moment that it is neces-
sary to enforce respect to the general will, to the constitutional com-
pact of Colombians.
" Ills name alone will disconcert the schemes of discord, and
his wisdom will soon restore that order, without which it is in vain
to hope for liberty."
One of the late numbers of the Singapore Chronicle contains a
short passage about the seizure of an American ship. This cir-
cutnstance is one to which amne importance was attached ; and, as
the vessel was partly laden with arms, on that account was seized
by a British man of war, lest those arms should be directed so as to
s:rengthen those who were at war with Great Britain. The men.
sure was considered at Singapore as anything but necessary and
useful. The Chronicle remarks :—" fbe vessel which has now
been seiz.eil was not suffered to snap here, but was sent on imme-
diately to Calcutta. where the ca,e will be decided. It, however,
involves matters of considerable importance, and will probably, in
the end, become a subject of discussion between the notions ; as
the tight or search on the high seas is a subject on which the Ame-
ricans have always entertained much jealousy.
The feeling which the case has excited here is a general one
of regret and resentment, and I think with some reason. It is
seldom that we are visited by any of his Majesty's ships ; and it is
hard that men who ought to be protectors of our commerce should
be the disturbers of it. This same mameof-war has done more
harm by passing through our harbour than all the pirates in the
Malayan Archipelago would have done in 29 years. The Ameri-
can had a valuable cargo, and 4,:,090 dollars in specie.—Bollintort
6:azrtle.

The great blast of the Warwarsing lead mine (about which so
much hoe been said, both in jest and in earnest) will, according to
rumour, be made on the 23th of July instant. Many of tie re-
member old Frederick Schoomaker going about the country with
samples of silver And lead, which he said were got out of that
mine. A chartered Cotnpany in the city of New York, a few years
ago, mused a shaft to be sunk into the mine, to the depth of seve-
ral hundred feet. It is proposed to deposit in phi• pit a large quan-
tity of powder, and by a great explosion to disembowel the hid ieri
treasure of the mine. A subscription is on foot to defray the cost
of the powder.—Plebeion.

RIO, JVNE
We arc without any thing interesting fmm Buenos Ayres, or any
part of the interior provinces. rapt. Norton has been named Corn.
mot:ore of the blockading squadron, and is gone up with the Me.
themy frigate, six corvettes, three brigs, and a niulitu 'e
achoonera, &c. while the three larger frigates remain here. It ix
now expected that Brown's squadron will be annihilated. Ire Item
of no operations by land, but Gen. be Cor will sail in a hew day.
from Rio Grande, which will likely be the theatre of war in the
spring.
It is a pity to see the two Governments waste their resources en
what is not worth having; and what is worse, involving in the con-
sequences so many private fortunes. We derive no hopes. as some
do, of a peace,trotn the inability of Buenos Ayres to carry on the war
any longer. She has no choice but a civil war or to perish, and in
proportion as she becomes poor she will become warlike.

TheCouriermust recollect that we did not accuse the Globe
merely because it copied our article without acknowledg-
ment. If that were necessary in all cases, we could point
out twenty similar articles every (lay in every Paper. We ac-
cused the Globe of asserting, by implication, that we did not
publish it. The Globe has very fairly accounted for the cir-
cumstance, and we acquit that Journal of any blame in the
affair. We arc willing (and we said so in the• article to
which the Courier alludes) to Sire the same Emilie which
we take. We should have been to blame if we hail claimed
the intelligence of the Courier as our own. Our practice is
that of all journalists ; our precept is such as the Globe itself
allows, that it violated only by mistake. As to the article in
the Morning Herald (tor we did not complain of the other
Papers to which we alluded), we mentioned it merely be-
cause it appeared to us one of the best specimens of news-
paper humbug which ever decorated the columns of that
most glorious of humbugs. An article from Lima, dated
May 26, received by a vessel (so it is stated) which left
Peru on the 19th, is certainly a specimen of rapidity of in-
telligence, which only the Morning Herald can command
The fact is this—the Editor of a Liverpool Journal got a
copy of the letter, and inserted it in a Paper which
reached the Herold on Monday. The Editor of the Herald
did not observe that we had published the same letter on
Monday, with a different date, having received it from
Liverpool on Sunday, and our date must clearly have been
correct, from the tune of the sailing of the Ayacucho. The
accuracy of the letter we do not warrant; but a copy certainly
was sent us from Liverpool, as having been received th( re.
'The Liverpool Paper, from which the Her aid seems to have
literally copied it, slates it the '26th May, and asserts that
it has received advices from Lima to the 17th August !
That beats the licruld, after all.

We are enabled, by the very interesting communication
from our own Reporter, which appears in our Paper of this
day, to state with confidence, that the distress said to have
existed in the West of England had no real foundation in
fact. The writer of the article in question has visited every
town of consequence in the district to which he alludes,
paying particular attention, as he proceeded, to the state
of the working classes; and the best proof of the strict ac-
curacy of his account is afihrtled by the fact that he has
not found it necessary, in a journey of many weeks, to send
us any communication before the present, in which he has
given us the final result of his inquiries. We have, in
all our arguments concerning the distresses of the coun-
try, adhered uniformly to the principle, that the unna-
tural proportion which the manufacturing industry of the

nation bears to the labour employed in the production el
necessaries is the permanent cause of, all the evils which
have lately arisen in this country. Our assertion was
general, and the necessity of paying attention to orb,
topics has prevented us from developing all the views
in which this principle would tend to produce changes
in the internal policy of our Government. One very
obvious application of the principle is to the trade in
corn—the freedom of which is rendered mcessary on the
eery same grounds as those which we have repeatedly
mentioned as rendering the employment of more in-
dustry in agriculture advisable in the present circurn.
stances of the country. in one respect, the encourage.
ment of agriculture at home is more desirable than the
introduction of foreign corn; because the latter renders
us dependent on foreign countries for the meant of
snbsistence. But corn is not the only necessary arising
from agriculture, and it is highly important that
every country should give a preference to that species of
cultivation to which it is most adapted. This effect can only
be produced by the freedom of trade, which prevents any
undue encouragement from falling upon one branch of
agriculture more than another. We have so often pointed
out the stimulus which would he gite n to agriculture by
the repeal of the Corn Laws, that we do not think it tic.
cessary to insist upon it any farther at present. We shall
now confine ourselves to the statement of that application
of our principle to which we have above alluded, viz.:—to
the necessity of a due proportion being observed ninon
the articles of trade, as well as in the objects of the inter.
nal industry of a country. In stating the point for-
merly, we asserted that the industry of the country, in
order to prevent distress, should be curl Led to a au, pro
portion on all the articles necessary for the comfort or gra.
tification of individuals. We maintained that the valucof
all commodities depended upon, anti was influenced by,
that of necessaries—instancing the case of water (a pro-
duct at present of no value) the scarcity of which would
render all other products of less value, as making it neces-
sary to expend a portion of them in procuring a commodity
now so cheaply attainable. What we mean by less value in
this case is, merely, that every single commodity would then
become exchangeable for a less quantity of any other com-
modity. The result which we drew from this was, that
the abundance of necessaries, in a due proportion to other
commodities, was absolutely indispensable., in order to give
all other commodities a real value. This evidently applies
as much to the Corn Trade as to agriculture. If trade is
allowed to augment the quantity of gold, and all other
commodities except corn, nothing can be more obvious
o than the fact that all other commodities (and gold
among the others) will become of less value in every point
of view ; that is to say, more gold and other products of
trade and manufactures will Le required, in order to put.
chase the necessary quantity of corn ; and consequently
mare would be necessary before one could procure the same
quantity of luxuries as at present. In stating this we are,
in fact, stating a truism ; alai we put it in this technical
shape merely to show that the principle which we laid down
about the necessity of a due proportion between all commodi-
ties embraced the case of trade as w: It as that of manufac-
tures. IVe particularly insist upon dd. , b cause it has been
too customary tolook to the currc neyand the increase of paper
money as the only commodities the augmentation of which
tends to raise prices and to produce distress. The undue in-
crease of currency and private paper has, certainly, a more
speedy effect ; but an increase of any other commodity has
precisely the same effect in the end. If the speculations in
' trade which have lately proved so ruinous had been turned
in a due proportion to corn, none of that distress would have
occurred which has recently been felt in this country. But
we do not confine ourselves on this subject to mere argil-
nent : the case is one in which we must reckon upon
human passion as well as reason. The unenlight.
eeed advocates of agricultural monopoly choose to in•
jure tie 'natives, and their labouring countrymen a.on;
with them. The manufacturing and commercical in-
terests are willing to support the agricultural in what
' is really beneficial, but they will not allow it to de-
a:roy itself and them. We would recommend to the Sect-
' tish opponents of free trade to refer to the Catechism cf
their Church—and the principle is not confined to their
Church. They will find there that the crowd would
not have exceeded the warrants of theology in assert-
ing that the Corn Laws are forbidden in the Sixth
Commandment. This may be thought a little far-fetched;
and we admit it. All we mean is simply this—that there
is argument enough to justify those disposed to disturb
the peace in their own minds, should they feel inclined
(and who can answer fora desperate multitude ?) to attempt
by force those alterations which they have been led to ce-
p:et from the concessions of the Legislature.

Our readers will observe, from the Advertisement in the
Press of this day, that the Subscription for the distressed
Letter-press Printers is proceeding with considerable spirit.
The Subscripticn among the employed compositors and
pressmen amounts to nearly 400/. We need not repeat our
observations on this subject ; the peculiar claims of this
body upon the literary part of the public are too obvious
to need comment. Among the single subscriptions we
otiserve one of 10/. front Mrs. HANNAH MORE, per Bristol
Committee.

CITY, WEDNESDAY EVEN INC.

Consols have, through the day, been tolerably steady,
the greatest variation not having exceeded an eighth. At
the close of the market, after a day no way remarkable for
the portion of business done, they closed at 79} ; and it
does not appear that there was any disposition to name a
higher price for October. There have beta several de-
faulters to-day, the account of one of them being of con-
siderable magnitude. The circumstance of these failures
lies occasioned a good deal of conversation and surmise,
inasmuch as they are totally independent of, and are nct
at all involved in, those of yesterday and the previous day ;
neither have these parties been at all looked up to as spe-
culators to whom such an event was likely to happen, from
the nature of their general character and di tiling in the
market. It is, therefore, strongly supposed that something
like a sacrifice has been made, in order to save other parties,
which has.been practised upon more occasions than one, with
some effect. Exchequer Bills are at 17 1 H ; and India Rends
have advanced to 29. The monied interest, no doubt,
are looking with some attention to what is going forward,
but seem wholly undecided how to dispose of their capital.
If they can find what may appear to them a satr or a
batter market than the Britishi-Funds, no doubt they will
avail themselves of it. It is to be hoped, however, that the
state of the Revenue will prove to be better than has been
anticipated in some quarters (indeed such is asserted, on
good authority, to be the case) ; and then, no doubt, there
will be a stronger disposition, on the part of those posses-
sing capital, to invest it.

In .7te Foreign Market, Mexican still prove a fine field
for speculation. At the opening of the Market this wont-
ing, a purchaser of eminence took bib' thousand at SO : this