The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1821-08-31 00:00:00

I. 3

Nicer you *howeved of late any material alteration in the
muds of Gaining !—I bare.
hi your opinion, if there is not tame further remedy appli-
'A to Chervil. now existing on agriculture. most it continue
to retrograde ?—I think it will very rspi.ll, ind.ed ; if the
fainter has nut the mean. of laying his labourers lit rained
employ them; the ensployment of tabour on • farm has !wen
withdrawn consolorahly within the last two years,audltlitisk
is soil .i,bdrawmg.
The effect in your opinion will be, that there will he a
great deal uf moderate lam, thrown out of ruttiest' l—
Certaiule ; and the better Panel will net be cultivated so well
as Pt has been ; I mean at the came expense.
Can on settee' I . the Convatitsee soy plan that would
operate as a of rieoreeteg •pecadatore to ',Niches,
Billie,' men ?-111y wit rowing from them the oppurinoity
,oe of foreign corn un-
of Soateit fur pi-
tot the exteut uf
livable extent ill
of Nlaytielil, about
fairly Rifting hearty
ru to fur some time,
rates ; they held •
,ibed, according to
?—Yee, sad it Is
.4 this year shut did
being throw.. out of
as capital dhoti-
it will increase ;
employing them
parish or put out in
Melting them on the
wages, the reanimate
Win paid out of the poors
vats,.
How long has AM practice prevailed knew Nothing
ief Iv (wow tet Ave years nate ; I do nut Wok there war one
aireitanee of it in the twenty at that time; within these two
rats I know trinity parishes which have adopted it.
Soppooitte one of your neighbours fails its the same parish
as yourself, the burden of labour is increased upon you
a!l, who, in foe'. Aare the evil arising from his failure?—
Must certainly; but in the parish where Leconte, I occupy
four lath, of the whole towieh; therefore it dues nut affect
me in the same way as it taros persons in other parishea.
- To what extent are the poor. rates in your parish ?-11e-
lwen eta and seven obillings is the pound on the rack real.
When you find hegess busisilia, were your labourers is the
aai!l habit of dristking herr ?-1.45; all of shout.
Has that prnitiee ceased chugs thee, or dues it prevail now
hi pail list ceased gi ..orally where the siMiltrs do nut
th.m in beer; when I first began farming In the parish
where 1 111111/ reside, we had out a family its the parish that
chd not (new thin- own beer, and eujoy it by their own fire-
sole; there are few of them uow that du, uuless I give them
sloe mal..
Do you not believe, that in consequence of their being de.
priced of their fume, beverage, they have leers, obliged to
eeeort very much to spirits ?—That was the case some years
back, but 'pipits have become mo.e scarce than they were;
we hare 1.01 so much smuggliag as formerly.
Can you form any opinion what deduction from Ike pre-
-01 burdens of the farmer, such as rent, tithes, taxes, and
poses rates, would enable him to continue the farm with
auf.rirnt profit to himself to eucourage him to proceed ?—I
have out calculated that.
Have there bean any parishes which have been the object
of Salvo( Eaclopore in your neighbourhood ?—Daly uoe that
I recollect, the L)icber Enclosure.
In alit opinion you case upon the nefessilY of a permnuctit
pitieeime duty, ~you Siatill thirty five shilliegs to forty &bil-
lings ; you **tett-at the saint- time that foreign corn could
be imported Vele for thirty-four shillings, and thirty-five
jfyilliog wean make sixty-nine obillioga, or forty shillings
' gfighbarventy-fhorshiliings ; is it your opinion that seventy-
. fww ailliogs, es the highest return to Or farmer, would
&'olllable him to continue the growth uf wheat ?-1 thiuk nut ;
Is Oho highest retain, certainly nut.
• Would that not be the highest return if fureigo corn gels
tidmit.ifite at all limes at the duties you have stated
akauld thiuk cot.
• Why tin yon shish not ?--Except the import exceeds very
eonsirterably what it bee done.
Hare you any dente that if it were admissible at all times

II winildwratili exceed what it has sow that rt ban been

under restrictions!—!t would only 4l in those years
When the price rose S 4) eighty shillings a quarter ur something
vesee, the pettiest price ninth! shot vat the import.
you are decidedly of opinion that seventy.live shinier,
. woolif not hr a generally eetoorierailog price to She fainter !
,-1 Ihm.k oat, nude/ the yreeent posies rates sod lazes.
• Dw;ug the irimit cuu.se of your life as a farmer, on
whist sk•criimiun of soil h..re yur• beafriest disappointments
esi•er ino vow lOW SOT% !OW, Wet, or your worst ?
reise.ote liar

R'owld not the produce of the laud in turnips more than
compensate for she additional expense in h.. lug think
nut ; Mwd foe this reason, that UpOn that lino, Mr soil they
must be drawn, and the expense of draw/int is so enormous
as hi snake the difference very considerable.
Are you of opinion that the rccurrcstrw to our former
standard has altered the value of our currency think it
roust have had some operation, because it ha■ lesureed, I
conceive momiderubly, the issue of country bank paper, mad
therefore has rendered it more difficult for the farmer to vb.
taiis accommodations ; sod in that point of view I ikitik it
has altered it.

To what talent do you think it bas altered the value of
our rurreivey?-1 moot say that precisely; it has increased
it undoubtedly. There is another cause operetta, with it,
mid that is this, the deer in the value of prodiee has
placed farmers in the situation that they have not the security
to offer for the loans that they formerly could obtain.
eerily believe rhea the distress of the toiletry is more from
reduction of price thole from the alteratioe in the currency.
&opposing the value of our currency to have bee. in-
creased twenty-live per cent., tie has been staled by no..
gentlemen, does not that operate to hoer's.. the real Im-
port•tion price, which was axed in the year 1816, from
eighty to a hundred ?—I am not able to give an answer to
that, which will be satisfsetory to thyself; as matter •f
opinion, if it has had that effect, undoubtedly it must have
altered the importation. The farmers univeraelly, so far as
1 know, have been paying their rents to • great measure
from their capital, and not from their produce, though rests
'err reduced in a very great degree, upon bad !sods 1 should
'VOW( nut less thin, in the year 1816, about tin per rent.;
81od I think since that out le s than twenty, or from that to
all is the remedy you would recommend fur the present
diiiressed state of agriculture?-1 should tett...olly, in the
.first lustancr, recommeud such • duty to be placed upon the
importation of foreign grain, as wonl,l place the British far-
Met in an equally advantageous situatios with the foreign
growler; I should also apprehend, it would be indispensable
to relieve the fat mer frutu some of the taxes that fall most
heavily upon him.
Would you have that duty a fixed duly ?—I should tonal.
der it certainly would be desirable to have it a fixed duty,
because every person knows, that the continuance of bad
weather at certain seasons, fur a few wicks, often creates an
alarm is the country, that would be likely to have a great
effect upon the prices, and probably more than it ought, be-
cause the b tis frequently got in even In bad seaming, in
the latter part of it much better than would at the com-
mencement have been supposed possible.
What duty unsaid !mu lie di-posed to recommend?-1
should apprehend, that the pike of grain in Poland, from
whence the greatest supply comes, is nut more than 16s.
when sold to the speculator at Dantzie. The price at
Odessa mach less, nod that the speculator is the first is.
stance, gains probably sot much less than a hundred per
cent. by it ; and that the came of bringing it to this country
le the quantities that have been so ruinous to it, have Lein
the enormous prosls expi et. d by the importer; and if
the duty was to be a floating our, it would he • great
induct meat, when there was a prospect of a bad harvest in
the commenceinret of it, to order into the country at the
commencement of it, great quaatiliea of grail:.
Under all the circumstance", what is the amount of deity
you would recommend?—lf grain was to come unlimitedly,
that is, if the ports were to be always open, I should con-
ceive that it ought not to come into this country at less than
72,. per quarter. The duty therefore I would recommend,
*boob, be 40s.

Weald ft sot be necessary to ineresse that duty, if our
popaladion should increase, and pourer lards should be cul-
tivated la this coustry 3-11( the populatiou was to increase,
so as to make • demand, 'bat would keep she grain pretty
nearly at 80.. I molder it would hold out so greet a bounty
to the Irish sad Scotch grower, that they would be able to

Do yam not think if a high 'ltaly were imposed on t►e im-
portation of grain into this country, it would have the effect
of cheating dissatusfartios throughout the country among
those classes of the community not so much interested in
the produce of the soil, in na much a it would show them
that bread in other countries was to be had at so much a
cheaper rale than in 060-1 do nut apprehend it would,
because the labouring classes have sow had a full proof of
the consequence of cheap bread, which has operated to de-
crease their swages, to br►s astir employinebt, sod to re-
duce the comforts of all Names in the casualty, Oust I be-
lieve the good reuse of the country at large is couvinced
of this, both manufacturing and agricubm al labourers; mud
that the flr•t cause which moat result from hri..ging up the
piny of corn to the standard or near to it of SOL would be
au iorrcased quantum of employment, au augmentation of
wages, and ■ power n: spending on the part of the Mow-
jug cial4f., the inability of *hints has operated so ruinously
upon the trade of the country.
What pm tom of the laoosring wises in fellers, is applied
to the porchare of bread corn ?—I ssippoae that half a stone
of til.iur per week is generally about the quantity used i■ a
family; I supply about 3,000 people, and have found that to
be oboist the quantity.
Dot-. OM the comfort of the Mooring visages depend, not
on coy positive price tor their bread, but upon the Matsuu
that that price bears to their earnings?—lt certainly does.
If therefore it is maintained, that the labourers could hear
a high price fur sliseir bread, it is on the presumption that
they could obtaia wages by their employment sufficient to
enable them to pay those kith prices?-IVoiloubtedly.
But Kelley had thole bight prices for breath without any
croresposdiog demand for their labour, would they out he in
greeter state of misery than they even now are ?-130-
donbledly they would.

Does in your opinion the price of labour depend upon this
price of bread ?—lt dues um entirely depend upon it, bc.
cause where lliere in a supersbouilance of labour it must fall
in propostion as labour exceeds &twin&
Dues is not depend upon the price of other commodities
—Pict in such cases.

Does not the happiness of society depend upon the (pan-
lily of productions of all sorts whichean be obtained by the
labour which that society eau cemmand ?—lo a considerable
degree fi certainly usual; kot the habits of people are form-
ed upon what they have been able to earn, and I consider
that the great point of suffering Now is, that from the re.
duction of labour they have been forced to renouore both
their comforts and !mimics; to descend to an tut nor kind
of food is felt as a great privation.
If a certain number of people, with a certain capital,
could obtain ■ greater rpsamity of the objects of males
desire, by empluyiug their labour its manufactures, and im-
porting corn, than by growing their moo, would you not
then say, that it was fur the interests of society that they
should so import grain ?-1 conceive that is asking me a
thing that is utterly impossible, fur there is no country in
the world, %h. re there is any degree of population, one.
half of whirls is nearly employed in agriculture, which would
leave employment fur the other half; therefore I cannot
contemplate the situation of a great country who could, by
possibility, be importers of grain, and filed employment (or
their people; at present, every man that was to be dis-
placed (sum agriculture has trot the smallest degree
of prospect of hudiug employment in any matinfac-
lure eif this kingdom; fur I believe those already
employed could produce, if they had a market, our-third
mute gouts ; and, therefore, the contemplation it
Ihrooing Ilw poor lands out of collivaiion presents what
MIDI be alarming to every gentleman, a population, to the
amount of many hundred thousand., that must be in the
sitiost lOU ul their labour being unproducttv►, moil must Haim
atippoit from the pour rates, or ohmr there are nu pour
rates, be supported by the benevolence of others.
You think that i latonseere were thrown out from this em-
ployment on the laud, no increased demand for labor would
take place in other occupations?—No ; I cannot see the pus.
sibility of it, berau•e the people already who ■re maim.
facturers arc capable of producing, as I said before, one-
third more titan there it any market for ; and therefore every
!laud that was displaced (ruin agriculture become!, iustenel of
a productive labourer, immediately a charge and burden.
How lung have you been iu the practice of fairoiug ?
Nearly twenty years.
What was considered • fair price for whent at the period
when you began to farm ?—From 6s. to 7s, a bushel, or 48..
to 565. a quarter.

Is not that, as .early as possible, the present price?—
It is.

To what Jo you attribute the cirrumstance of that being
• (sir r. muncrating price to you at that period, and its being
a relinus price at present'—Labour has increased rather
mule than nnr half; taxation has enormously increased, far
mule than double; the price elf all the article., such as
wood, iron, workmanship, a•d leathern, has gently I rrea std ;
the prior rates, county rates, highways, are increased, •ltd
tithes also, more than double.

Is not the price of agricultural laliorr regulated by the
price of provisions ?—No ; I think not.
Why riot cause labour depends upon the qusnt ity of
labour, nod the demand fur it, and therefore whirl may be
the general rate of wages, may be lowered by there being a
greater number of people in the market contending for

• Many of the old Nobles of both sexes belong to Minions
confrateinities. "Le Dime di Biscotissi," is one of the
must lashiosable. It is a sdeiely of females, who found
their hopes of sawing the soul upon tittle donceuiri, calcu-
lated to pamper the body ; nod paddle about aiming the poor
with baskets of cake., which their pen.lente are content to
swallow in conjunction with Mew shelrines. The Padre eta
Vettlii, a Basuabite, was the " agreeable rattle" of this
coterie.

t Such Ire the duties ascribed to the domestic director in
" The Chaplain," nu eutptimile piece of satirical humour,
written iu the hlilanese dialect, and in high vogue when we
were rit Milan. It is in 'Le form of a political advertise-

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of leyiwe out Ito-it molter in the purchase of
4: IT &Md.
Ws\ it 'toy the prsetiee in the county ol
/Mei to apportion the lAbwnrera are..nling
. . ' ' ?...114 lots bees done to a console
44. concerned; the lon kb of
It -
i 1t Ili
~ . . eh, had upwards of No
4141111110yoteset, and had bee.. 1
iv "Opole& opfhpdp out of the poor rut
•IfolVii bud aitaitoiliferetp in llof way t:eselib
wail PPiettsiortopo4lpt ''" ' • ,
441 0.41 Pr , aft :gikterolly referred
ilittpolthlt t *rm." ' hove adopted it i
004=
- "44 11.:•;itie& Mt Me ono brit
outs, . .
• 'neat prorate toast cease is litopertho
nudes %..-A-t 'withal diminishes I flaw that i
in tCP tastes iv deprived of AI Akar of
..O.a hot from, they will he throws ote Ike pari
...ask.. way I describe, what we feria bales'
*Winery, at a very reduced prier of worm
-mere nary for their subsistence Wirt paid i