Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-11-05 00:00:00

THE NORTHERN TIIVIES.-LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1857.

of communication as we ought to have -done -; that
we had done much, ',but that we 'had also
left much undone, much which we ought to
have done. He was against India being
governed by a Company. He considered it
necessary that there should be avast change in
the administration of aflairs in that country. What
that change should be, it would be presumptuous,
to a certain extent, for him to say; but it struck
him if they were to govern the peepleof India well,
that the government ought to be in India itself.
He said, let them send out a Governor-General,
and let there be a Council, though not such as at
present, inasmuch as some might be sent from
this country, and the others chosen from among
the European residents, and let them be the exe-
cutive residing on the spot, and be subject to the
check of the House of Commons, one member of
which should be Seeretary of State for India
They would then have some one whom they could
hold responsible if India was misgoverned. Hs
hoped .tkat in future, by the changes which would
be introduced, a great deal would be done for India,
and to develope its immense resources.
A letter has been received from Captain M'Clin-
tock, 'commander of Lady Franklin's expedition.
An extract from the letter will explain itself :
" Here is the Fox, off Cape Crans'own in lat. 71*,
having on board an Esquirnaux and ten very fine
dogs obtained at Disco. She also is complete with
coals, having filled up at the coal cliffs in Waigat
Strait. I have sent home one of my crew, who
proved to be consumptive, and, hiving proved the
others pretty well, I can answer for their sound-
ness and willing cheerfulness. We get on ad-
mirably—exactly as in the old Intrepid. At Lievely
I saw two whaler captains, whose ships were
crushed in Melville Bay last June. They seemed
to think I should not experience any difficulty. I
c tnuot find that we have forgotten anything, great
as was the hurry of sailing. We are very com-
fortable ; our provisions are most excellent. The
Fax sails well, but steams slowly in consequence
of the seretv being too small. As the gets lighter
shi will go better. I have tried her among the ice,
aid find that her sharp bow readily opens a
passage where a hluff one would knock in vain."
Of political gossip there is little or none just now
The members of the lower house, who have lately
been making speeches, have been very cautious in
any allusion to a new Reform Bill, and the ballot
question has been almost shelved by them. But
tney will not have all their own way, for the
Ballot Society, the committee of which held a
meeting on Tuesday, determined to make endea-
vours to raise a fund large enough to enable them
to make a vigorous campaign, and, thereby to
strengthen the hands of their friends in the House
of Commons when Lord Palmers`on's Reform Bill
shall come to be discussed in that assembly
Their appeal for the sinews of war surely only
requires to be made known in order to ensure a
' liberal response. The only other sign of an ap-
proaching political agitation which we have
to mention is the holding of Chartist
meetings in various parts of the country.
One such meeting, held at Birminghan?, on
Monday, we report tee:lay. These kcal meetings
are being held for tile purpose of preparing the
way for a National Conference of the Chartist body.
From Harwich we learn that there are three
Liberal candidates in the field. Several others
made their appearance, bat meeting with no suc-
cess they wisely retreated. Mr. Marslimar, the
brother-in-law of General Havelock, and a gentle-
man who was formerly connected with the Indian
press, visited the borough, but concluded to
re:ire. The son of Mr. Begshaw, the sitting
member, appears to enjoy the best chance of
allecCEs.

fifer 11Tajeey held a Privy Council yesterday
afternoon, at Windsor. To-morrow, (Friday),
Parliament will be further prorouged.
Fears are entertained of the safety of the Great
Eastern, as she is in a very critical position.
Of local news there is little or none this morning
All that is really worth reporting will be found in
other portions of this day's impression. The
inauguratio.l of the Liverpool Qusen's College,
will take place to-say. Lord Brougham will
attend, and no doubt deliver one of those brilliant
orations for which he is s) celebrated.

The :weekly meeting. og the West :Derby
I was l'ead, :nun the Rev. Th.. Leadriall, resigning the
chairmanship of the Board. The Gaardians are
not satisfied with the result of the investigation at
the Police Court, into the charge brought against
Mr. Gough, Governor of the Workhouse, and
Monday next has bean set apart for a special
m-eting upon the subject.
The intelligence from the Continent this morn-
ing is confined in importance to that relating to
the union of the Danubian Principalities. The
Prussian goverament is against any such union. It
is said that the Emperor of the French is sorely
annoyed at the turn things are taking in the Prin-
cipalities. Neither the Austrian nor the Turkish
ambassadors have as yet been invited to Com-
' petp,,fine The 18th December is now spo!ten
.
of for the Congress to receive the report
of the Commissioners. The French Government
has resolved on calling out only one half of the
recruits fo:- the army that wm.e voted. In Brussels
the nucleus of a Liberal Ministry is evidently
forming, no doubt to the disgust of the ultramoc-
tane party, which has also received a blow in
Spain from the assent of the Pope to the sales
of Ecclesiastical property, and to other
measures very displeasing to the clergy. The Paris
Pays publishes letters, dated Rio Janeiro, Oat 2,
which ,say that the Brazilian government, by way
of a last eff)rt to prevent war with Paraguay, had
sent M. Paranhos to the Assumption, but the gene-
ral opinion at Rio Wll3 that his mission would fail,
and in an7,pctrt of thin conjeLeure it is remarked
that a ``carps of observation'' has recently been
sent to the fcontier under the comm Ind of the
Braz!lian G,meral, 5 n Felice. The Piedmontese
Game publishes the preliminary decision come to
by the great Criminal Court of Salerno on the crew
and passengers of the Cagliari. True hills are
found agains.eighteen of the prisoners, including
the captain and first and st!eond ratites. Eleven
more
,are set at liberty, and the ease 3 of one is
reserved. No mention is mile of the two English-
men arrested the crow of the Cagliari.
By the arrival of the Nor h Arnorieara here yes-
terd'Jy, we have later advice's from Canada and the
United Sates. Theileancial position of the latter
was very ur.favourable

TILE fall c,:ir Delhi ,must have changed the
whole position of affairs in India, in a military
point of view. The first grand mistake on our
side was attempting .to act on the offensive. At
the onset of the mutiny the whole of the British
forces should have seen concentrated on those
points which were of paramount importance.
Following this course could not have led to
greater disasters than the distributing of British
troops in small parties over the face of a country
infested by large bodies of armed men and a
disaffected population. The capture of Delhi
will, however, force us to adopt defensive
operations. The force which carried the citadel
of the mutineers can do no more than hold their
own. To divide such a small army may lead to
a catastrophe such as that which befell our
troops under GenFral ELPIIINSTONE at Cabul.
The main body of the enemy, having made good
their retreat from Delhi, will, in all probability,
re-collect their scattered strength, and re-appear I
in formidable numbers before their lost fortress,
or as reinforcements to those large bodies of
Sepoys who hold the field in the face of the British
troops in other directions. The arrival .of.succour
from England will not have been sufficiently large
to prevent this, or afford any material relief

before the departure of the next mail we are to
receive from India. Our last despatches gave
us little of a reliable character with respect to
the actual state of affairs at Lucknow.
The moTements of General HAVELOCK'S column
can scarcely furnish us with any hopes regarding
definite results. Not having sufficient force to
make a decisive blow, he kas been compelled to
keep hovering about the enemy, and attacking,
at imminent risk, all those points where any
concentration of strength was likely to be
attempted. This is the duty assigned to a
a flying column such as he commands, and he,
and his gallant troops, have most nobly per-
formed the work entrusted to them; but his
success supplies, as we have before observed,
no grounds for expecting an immediate triumph.
Large bodies of troops will be 'required not
only to follow up the blows which have been
struck, but to told many millions of turbulent
people in subjection. To this costly necessity
there are the dangers of famine to be added
and guarded against without loss of time. The
crops of India are known to have suffered from
neglect and the ravages of intestine war ; and
as the utter extermination of the native popu-
tation can never enter into British policy
in Asia, where the evils of scarcity carry off
millions of human beings, gives this portion of
our Indian embarrassments fearful interest. It
is, in fact, the paramount question of the day.
No one can suppose that the British army
will be worsted in such an uneven contest. But
warfare in that part of the world brings with
it appalling consequences to the innocent as
well as the guilty.
The incalculable treasures which fill the mar-
ble mosques and tombs of Pagan prophets and
princes only serve, on such occasions, to swell
the solemn mockery of the works of darkness,
and excite the worst passions of the impatient
cniqueror; and it were well for the peace of
Christendom and the wretched idolators of India
that, these temples of superstition and incentives
to bloodshed were swept at once from the face of
the earth. We have no wish to offer •` dusty
' morals to the martial mind ;" but as long as mil-
' lions of riches remain to be captured, there will be
no lack of captors. England desires the subju-
gation and peaceable possession of the Indian
Peninsula. Away, then, with the inducements
to rebellion, and the obvious cause of incessant
bloodshed. If India is to be subjugated, she
must be deprived of that wealth which her
people look to as a means of regaining the sove-
reign control of that country. The native
princes must first be impoverished, then subju-
gated, and next Christianised. This is the work
before us ; not the mere suppression of a revolt.
We have a deeper stake in India than the
gaining of sanguinary victories. We want its
produce, its trade, and unbroken communication
11 1b d P
tli;ntra ran
dad 13r pi
t and preserving
peace in those directions where we seek them.
This, unhappily, cannot be looked for under
existing circumstances ; but the prolonged
duration of the circumstances now pending,
induces us to look coolly at what is to be done
with that country when the spirit of revolt has
been quelled. We are paying a heavy price for
its second conquest, and it is not too soon to
ask what we are to get for our outlay, in blood
and money.

We cannot return to our former policy of
pampering Paganism one day, and submitting to
its massacres, and punishing its victims the next
If we are to have Holy wars, let Christian mode-
ration and wisdom direct our steps. A military
occupation of India, with any other object than
forcing our creed and laws on its Pagan inhabi-
tants, is impracticable. It would swamp the
physical and fiscal powers of any two European
empires. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER'S
coming statement will give us an inkling of
knowledge as to what the burden of such an
undertaking would be. We can no longer place
confidence in native troops, No sys em of mili-
tary organisation will eradicate religious fana-
ticism or heathen superstition from the ranks. The
question is not then, bow are we to suppress the
present spirit of revolt, but how is British India
to be held and governed henceforth ? Is the
whole burden to be thrown on our exchequer ?
impossiblel Is the India house to be swept
away, and the thousand of unoffnading annui
tants, who look to it for their daily bread in
return for the money lent to it for the purposes
of the empire, in perfect good faith, to be left t 3
starve ! Is the enormous debt of the India
house to be added to the debt of this nation ?
These are points which are beginning to force
themselves on the people of England, and to take
up the place of
,all anxiety with regard to the
results of the armed contest now raging. We
canna`, however, help thinking that a great deal
of bloodshed might have been spared by pur-
suing, at the onset of the conflict, a strictly
defensive line of action ; and we shall have good
cause to be thankful if the capture of Delhi does
not prove to have been premature.

MANY of the Tory candidates for municipal
honours at the late election declared themselves
in favour of Liberal men and measures. That,
although, nominally Tories, yet, in the Council,
they were prepared to ignore politics altogether.
That these declarations, so often and earnestly
repeated, had the effect of gaining for them
many Liberal votes, and securing the neutrality
of many more, cannot be doubted, How these
solemn promises will be redeemed, a very short
time will suffice to show. For our own parts,

we accept them as mere electioneering ,claptraps,
resorted to for the purpose of securing their
election, and nothing more. However, Monday
next will test the sincerity or otherwise of those
who laid claim to so much liberality and
independence.
The election for Mayor will prove how far
faction is yet to remain in the ascendant in our
Town Council. It is generally understood that
the choice will fall on one of two members—
Mr. WILLIAM PRESTON, a moderate Liberal, or
Mr. JAMES HOLME, a staunch Tory, That the
Tories are in a majority is certain enough, and
If they adhere to their former exclusive policy
there can be little doubt as to Mr. JAMES
HOLME'S election. If, however, the fittest man,
and the one having primary claims on the
suffrages of the Council, is to be the first
Magistrate, in common fairness, then, Mr.
PRESTON ought to be, and will be the man, if
the Council act justly, and the Conservative
Members, who are not under the domination of
a clique, give their votes independently. Will
they do so ? that is the point. The antecedents
of both gentlemen are such as to require no
comment from us; both are wealthy ; both are
respectable citizens ; and, in many respects, may
be equally eligible for the office, but in others
there is a marked difference between them.

One, as we have already observed, has always
been a consistent friend of rational Reform—
both local and national. He has advocated
economy and retrenchment in our prodigal
municipality ; he has been the opponent of all
jobs ; and of none, more so, than that monster
scheme—the Pike. From first to last he has
been the uncompromising opponent of that
scandalous piece of jugglery. Commanding, as he
does, a princely fortune, and a bountiful liberality,
there can be no risk that the dignity of the Civic
Chair would be jeopardised if occupied by
Alderman PRESTON, or that the hospitalities of
the Town Hall would suffer in comparison with
that of any preceding Mayorality. But Mr.
PRESTON'S claims to the honour of Mayor are of
a character which the Council cannot resist,
unless they have recourse to a positive breach of
faith, and repudiate promises distinctly made
twelve months' ago, when an express understand-
ing was come to, by men of all parties, that no
opposition would be offered to his election this
year. Is that arrangement now to be set aside ?
We hope, for the honour of the town, it will not.

All who know Mr. JAMES HOLME in his
private capacity, esteem him—we might, with
justice say, love him. But Mr. JAMES HOLME,
of Mount Pldasant, and Mr. JAMES HoLmE, of
the Town Hall, are very different persons. In
the one, we recognise the worthy father of a
worthy family, a good husband, a good citizen,
and a truly honest man, according to the general

_.L. .t_

In the other, these enobling virtues are
As „ a public man, Mr. HOLME has
identified himself with measures too numerous
for us to enter into in detail; we shall
only deal with one—The great Water
Abomination. No doubt, many of the most
esteemed and enlightened men in our community
were, unfortunately, influenced to become advo-
cates of the Pike. But why ? Their advocacy

was the result of that want of practical
experience which Mr. lIoLmE declared he was
capable of furnishing, and in the faith of his
oft-repeated and emphatic statements in favour
of the scheme many were induced to support it,
who, otherwise, might have held aloof. In fact,
it is undeniable, that to the exertions of Mr.
JAMES HOLME and his brother, the Inhabitants
of Liverpool are mainly indebted for the resul's.
IL is rather too late in the day, now, for Mr.
llourE to come before the public and make his
confession " that he has been deceived in the
cost of the scheme, in the time of its completion,
and, worse than all, in the quality of the water."
No doubt, Mr. Hor.mE fully acknowledges the
deception practised upon him, but, unfortunately,
through his mistaken obstinacy the public have
been made to suffer ; and, as yet, he has evinced
no very great desire to repair the damage he has
wrought.

It is, no doubt, very right and proper for
those who commit wrong to make a fair and
honest confession of the same before they are
made to pay the penalty, and it would appear to
be a recognised fact, that a lugubrious acknow-
ledgement of guilt absolves its perpetrator
from a very large share of public reprobation ;
and, although, Mr. HOLME may claim credit for
purity of motives, and give proof of this by a
confession of wrong, yet we cannot possibly
forget the past so very readily, as to desire to see
the individual who has been mainly instrumental
in expending a million and a quarter of the public
money, on a job which he himself admits to be
an abortion, raised to the civic chair, until such
time at least, as he has given some tangible,
some practical proof of his willingness to relieve
the towu from that incubus which he has been
mainly instrumental in inflicting upon it.
It must be borne in mind that Mr. HoLmE's
brother filled the civic chair very recently—
Surely all the municipal honours ought not to be
monopolised by the one family, at least so rapidly.
In another year the Council will no doubt recog-
nise Mr. TloLms's claims on higher grounds than
his being a mere Tory—for the present they will
best consult their dignity and independence, and
prove their sense of justice and honour, by re-
deeming their pledges and placing one of the
most worthy and enlightened citizens, in this or

any other community, irrespective of political
consideration in the civic chair on Monday.

THE LATE JOHN FINCH, ESQUIRE.

The body of our townsman JOIIN FINCEI, cannot
be allowed to sink into the grave without some '
notice from us, for he was a man to whom not
only the Liberal party, but the town at large, owe
no small debt of gratitude.
. For the last ten years Mr. FINCH has been one of
the most energetic workers on the liberal side ;
quietly and unobtrusively has he worked for the
spread of every opinion by which his fellow
townsmen might be benefitted, by which their
political power might be increased, their burthens
lightened, or their happiness secured. His purse
has been ever open to the call of all who had the
prosperity of the lower classes at heart, or who were
labouring for the welfare of his fellow citizen s.
We need hardly recall to our readers, the part
which he took in the later portion of the struggle
I for the parliamentary franchise we enjoy, the Muni-
cipal Reform Bill, under which we have so lately
exercised our rights, or the civil and religious
freedom which has preserved us from internecine
strife. Whenever the cry of Reform, Progress,
liberty of conscience or purity of election, has
been sounded, JOHN FiNew has responded to
the call.

We speak with much connaissance de cause
when we say that even in the heat of contested
election, his voice has ever been successfully
raised against every deseription of illegal
action, of corruption, treating, or bribery, and the
high reputation for purity, which the Liberal party
enjoy is, i❑ no small degree, owing to the calm but
resolute firmness of JOHN FINCH ; He had too high a
reverence for freedom of conscience, for Liberal
opinions and Radical principles, to allow those
principles to win the day by other than the very
fairest and purest means; and "many a time, and
oft" has the expression of his quiet and decided
opinions checked the younger and more arduous,but
not more sincere members of his party, when the
slightest dereliction from the highest line of action
was contemplated.
JOHN FINCH was not a finished orator, and he spoke
but seldom, bait when he did speak, it was to the
point; firm, simple, and straightforward ; and he
invariably carried his audience with him, for Eng-
lish audiences may often be led away by rhetoric;
but they never fail to recognise and appreciate the
man who speaks from his heart ; this JOHN FINCH
ever did—as a writer, he was very successful, many
of the remarkable election articles were from his
pen, and not a few valuable contributions to the
Local Press, on other subjects were written in his
spare moments,
But it is not from the Liberal Party alone that we
claim feelings of gratitude to the man, and of re"
gret at his loss ; he has been snatched away from
among us, while he was as ever devoting himself to
the cause of the people of this town at large. But
a few days ago, the Recreative Society opened its
beautiful Concert-room, the rival of flaring gin
p daces, and sottish beer-shops. JOHN FINCH has
not lived to see the success of a schema of which
he has been the warmest supporter, of a society of

Whenever any idea was started, which seemed to
his sapient and well balanced mind likely to be
beneficial ; whenever any question arose, which
was p:egnant with the seeds of good, to the lower
orders of his fellow townsmen, his purse, and
what was far more valuable, his time, gaol advice,
and sage council, were at the service of the public.
He was a "Liberal" in the highest sense of the term,
enlightened, devoted to his fellow citizens,
generous and tolerant; he was a " Gentleman"
in the full meaning of the word, single-minded,
straightforward, honest, pure, and independent.
Of such citizens, no city has too many ; of such
men, no community can spare one, even when
called to a higher sphere, without feelings of deep
heartfelt regret.
Of JOHN FINCH'S private life we cannot trust
ourselves to speak ; the blank he leaves is not a
small one; the grief which we who have known him
well, who have worked with him in public,
counselled with him in private, benefited by his
honest advice, and loved his true and simple
nature, is not for the public eye.
This much we have written, for it was due to
the memory of a good Liberal, and an honest true-
hearted man.

LIVERP3OL DCCKS t►. BIRKENHEAD —An import-
ant conference was held yesterday in Manchester
between some representatives of the Great Western
Railway Company, the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce, and Commercial Association. Among
those present were H. Littledale, Esq and John
Laird, Esq. of Liverpool. The object of the meet-
ing was to consider what steps should be taken
in the event of the Liverpool Dock Authorities
going to Parliament, for powers to enter upon
new docks on the Liverpool side of the Mersey.
A series of resolutions was adopted, and it was
unanimously agreed that, in the event of any
application being made, the strongest opposi•
tion should be off: red until the Birkenhead Docks
have been completed. A report of the proceedings
will be found in another part of our paper.

THE FUNERAL OF THE LATE JOHN FINCH, ESQ —A. few
of the private and political friends of the late John Finch,
Eig are desirous of paying respect to his memory by
following his remains from the Landing St IL e to the place
of interment, at the Ancient Chapel, Toxteth-park, near
the Dingle. For this purpose they will meet the Rock
Ferry steamer, at the Landing Stage, this (Thursday)
morning, the sth inst., at 10 a.m.

THE DIVORCE Am—A. memorial to the Queen, of
which the following are the chief portions, has been com-
posed, and has already received the signatures of more
than a hundred of the clergy of the Church of England,
and of others :--The undersigned would humbly represent
to your Majesty that there is great reason to conclude
that the provisions of the Act 13 and 14, car. If, c. 4,
commonly called the Act of Uniformity, could not have
been present to the mind of the Legislature at the time of
passing the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act. which,
without referring to the said Act of Uniformity, does,
neverthele3s, contain provisions at variance, and in con-
flict, with the said Act. For the book of Common
Prayer, and therein the form of solemnisation of matri-
mony, as settled at the last revision, A D• 1661, unani-
mously subsceibed by both Houses of Convocation of
both provinces, December 20, 1661, and made to be the
law of the land in and by the said Act of Lnifurmity,
contains a prayer in' which are foun3 the words follow-
ing; 0 God, vtholby Tily, mighty power haat made all

things of nothing ; Who also (after other things se
TO°
order) didst appoint that out of man (created after
own image and similitude) woman should take her begiu;
sing; and knitting them together, didst teach loos
s 1
it should never be lawful to put asunder those 10
Thou by matrimony hadst made one ;" with dia°rse
other declarations and expressions to they Ow
effect ; more especially the prohibitory words, 112°s;
whom Gad has joined together let no mall
asunder." The ;undersigned would humbly rePtc
sent to your Majesty that if the principle of repeall.o.l!
any material portion of the said Act of Uniformity is
ct,o
rectly and by implication be once admitted, the Plaihe
meaning of the Prayer Book may bo nullified, and,ito,
express directions which it contains imperceptibly gjit
gated—in so far as the statutablo obligation of these
be.
concerned—and that fundamental alterations may
thereby effected in the relations of the Church to the Stli
without the attention of laity or clergy having bers,,
awakened to the legislative process by which such alte' b
tions shall have been effected. That the United Churere,
is disunited, in respect of a material point, by the
afd
said act, Inasmuch as in Ireland marriage remains
soluble by the general law, while in England it has bec°-..1
dissoluble. That the said Divorce and „or
Causes Act cannot come into operation except uP(:",,,,,
after, the Ist day of January, 1853, by your Itsjel'hilf
Order in Council. The undersigned, therefore, hull:l:tit
please', 0
pray that your 'Majesty will be graciously
withhold such Order in Council, until time shall havelled
Mateo:01"
given for Parlianamat to amend the said Divorce —OO,
Matrimonial Causes Act, that the confusion and
o,'
venience and scandal which must arise from a state
law contradictory to itself may be avoided. _

n
THE BALLOT Is AmEarca.—At the meeting w
Ballot Society, on Tuesday night, the following lette,rf 1
;°1
read from the Hon. Wm. Beach Laurence, late Oe';11184t
of Rhode Island, U.S. :—Though the constitution el;rs
required the voting to be by ballot for all state
to
and representatives to Congress, and even far
officers, when demanded by seven voters, this Pr°l,l-,ii°l
till 1851, was evaded by a law which made it neeeTfes
that the Christian and surname of thi elector slOl-20
written on the back of his vote. In 1851 the detnaCti-
partylhaving for the firstitime in a series of yeare if gl
the ascendancy, a new election law was passed. "aal I
act omitted the indorsement of the voter's name, alle-he
the same time adopted the self sealing envelop) Iv
recently introduced into Massaehusetts and of whiebi-oer
Walker has given y a full account. The next the,
however, the opponents of the democracy, then caile% or
Whigs, but who have since rallied under the 113a1e,.e/r
Know-Nothings and Republicans, modified the t-o,
so as to make the use of the envelope only aPti°lnt st
Rhode Island is in territorial extent the stliaAel
State of the Union, and its population in 1850 ere'
not exceed 150,0)0. The right of suffrage is e
restricted with us than in most of our sister states, /1":5
it is, in general, universal. Here all naturalised oltWe;
unless they are freeho:ders, are excluded, and itir°ll,°t t§
citizens, of full age, are required either to be iree°°"-:01
or to be registered three months prior to the election' ;10,
to pay in default of a tax oa property, a registering
of one dollar. The distinction between the qualifioati:jr
of nature and naturalised citizens is peculiar to °est
Island. Of late years, 18a,00 votes have been the ler'tes
number taken at a general election. The voting ig
two cities and thirty other towns into which the Sta;lit
divided. The cities, moreover, are subdivided into °- Olt
and the large towas into voting distt iets, in each of °lel,
a poll is held, so that the number of voters seldom e°list
500 or COO at any one poll, and in some of the o°1"4o•
towns the electors are less than 100. As this i 3 masts
facturing state, the corporations and large Pr'their
capitalists exercised great iuflaeace over thr c.
employ, and by them the elections were ordinarily
sib
trolled. Indeed, as the registry tax was not usugillitricsi
by the individual, but by his employer or the Pal:'esi
party, it began to be considered that there was a ,r 4 the
obligation on the part of the poor elector, to vote '" the
person who had qualification might prescribe, and °goer
name was written on the back, it was always in the g!
of any one who desired it, to ascertain how a /et,e,agr
given, and to punish any rioiatioa of the implied I)`` the
'
To counteract the supervision of the masters I°s
too vi envelope
~,Actioo'
our brief oilt4, 11st did not prove a perfect Pr",—;
Those who had contracted for a vote were inu,ll,c4
adopt additional precautions to secure it ; while :rllllO
times happened that the very secresy of the ball
a means for effecting fraud and causing s a If
v..-b
4
deposit a ballot different from the one that ael-flee
intended. Some of these defects a longer e%Per/lf
would. undoubtelly, have remelted ; and mach, is beall
of the independence of the voter, has been elff.t,et-loOe'
our law of 1851, notwithstan ling the modal' 0
ft°
of 1852. Our optional secret ballot differs '-
11 ur
the old system, and from viva yore voting* 1 0
now generally practicable for a voter to 0004-
vote, and there are, I think, few cases, in will'
tbo
known, where it would not have been easy ferti
having an interest in so doing, to have aseerffiti'lleg
it Yor 1 with a compulsory envelope. The f 13
privately islarge also gre ttee in constitueneies t-Srletef
our very limited communities. In New York, 4rh'e. the
li
was born and passed the greater part of DIY s
envelope re
has never been introduced; bat the ball°-:01'
required to b 3 S.) folded as t their
Notwithstanding
the devices of different'-i
coloured P;Pee•
there never was, as far as I am informed, any diffieL
eluding oef
the supervision of opponents, when a I°l',,fert
desirous from the apprehension of offending an Or "foto
or from
any other cause, that the character all, e 0
a most "
doe I
should not be known. Indeed, though ost ea„:lOt
everyone to
advocate of the privilege for e vote V
being accountable only to hi, conscience, it 15
0e CiP
candour for me to state that I never attached ens 50atiell
importance r
to the M tssachusetts envelope systea
I have considered as a means. but not the only jode,
ensuring to every voter the exercise of a free and

pendent suffrage."
fsSi
IN LTG UATION OF THE QUE rN' S COLLEOIL"'"'S Of
prevent considerable disappointment if the 101cle:008
. tickets of admission to the ceremonies, which take-0
d 1
the
avnteh_ tiseLiverpool Isstitate to-day, would obser'„ll
ment which appears in our columns 'l°2 Id
subject. It will be seen there that the numbers nirrgl
on the tickets do not refer to corresponding 0113 b -
11
the seats in the lee: ure hall. The seats in the ",001"
not be reserved, but will be filled up as parties P%,01i
themselves for admission. The necessity for
attendance is therefore apparent.

ARRIVAL OF LORD BRouGHA IN
Ar
LIVERPOOL.

Lord Brougham arrived in Liverp3o-. by the tvitietpr osi'
reached the Lime-street station at 3.23 p.m 11
Yes— 6°'
r. William Brown, M.P., Mr. C. 0
Anumber of other gentlemen, were in wEwer ,
aiting to recd 0.130°
lordship. A large Crowd gradually gathered, 03 the
the train lett the tunnel aud began to aPPr°,3aer tlief
station, a rush was made towards the spot ~land
carriages were expected to stop. Mr. Brown en.f.
Ewart had no slight difficulty in pushing thels'irbell
up to the carriage in which Lord Brougham sat. 'Vet'
his lordship appeared he was greeted with a leed 1138'
which he acknowledged by takinoff his hat and b°.:
ll
With that good taste and politeness whiell„..tl;l>_
characterise British crowds—well-dressed or ottv` 01;'
another rush was made, as if the illustrious visit°o4
s Imething to be scrambled for, and it was °
11
ele" ZO'
exertion that Lord Brougham and Mr. Brown latter
way across the station to the carriage of th„_e
gentleman. which was in waiting. They did, nee-d
at last, succeed in reaching the *carriage, the cretgorfer
the while rushing and hustling round them in a dir
which would, probably, have been extreme,ls: an 4
composing to one kss accustomed to popularl* et)
its occasional inconveniences, than his lordship' if°
Lord Brougham took his seat in the carriage, " l
to th
again loudly cheered. The carriage drove °if to be*
residence of Mr. Brown, where his lordship ifleroopio
guest during his stay in Liverpool. [The cer college
in which celebrate the inauguration of the Queen's Ord
Br Liverpool, and of which an ad3ress fr°3
lat on
Brougham will be the leading feature, take Plac*-,1
o'clock to day, in,the hall of the Liverpool lastitary A