The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1822-08-26 00:00:00

NAVAL INTIILLIGENCE.

PUIITSMOUTU, AUGUST 43.
Sailed the IA Vigilante and Urinate slave prizes l'or the
River.

PLYMOUTH, AUGUST 12.
Sailed the Olive Breach, Duasearil, rue Jiver,.
LITtaPoOL, AUGUST 20.
Arrive.' the B. aroolea. Amelia., Crum &legal—sailed the
Silt February, aud from Cuktiobir lath March.

DEAL. •UGUST 13.

Arrived 1,41 i night and railed to. 4y with the rest of the
honiewsriktiounil for the River She Londe's, Candle.. from
Ni w York ; and St. Vincent Planter, Naito'', from Si. Priers.
Inorith fur Bristol; also lu•day the Mountaineer, Manley, (rum
gas her ; B. don, Berry. (ions Jamaica; Juba Rickards, Duns
can, from Tobago; amid Allay, Mayne, (vu* Chins.
Caine down from the River and sailed the Arise, Crow,
fur Cads and Gibralt sr ; Fredericlitun, Burnett, for St.
John's, Ni w B.nua.irk ; Eunice, Barker, foe St. Chem ;
W•rner Strpherwn, Chillers.; Synimetery, Morgan, fur
Malta; and Certuriais, Heppessiall, rut Quebec.
ORTEMOCII, ♦UYUST 20.

On Saturday some of the relations of the persons who
periabed in she smack that was ran dowel by the Hercules
steam-boat an the preceding Saturday, commenced trawling
fur their bodies, and s eded that night in finding the
spot where the catastrophe took place ; but it bring too
tate to get up the vessel, they placed a buoy over her, and
neat morning proceeded to eft et their purpose, which
they accomplished in a short tbs., when they found nine
bodies, one man (the master) and eight comes. It was
understood there were more 0111 board, but is getting the
smack up, they puled from her. Fume of the nlferers were
fumed is the forecastle, where they baa probably bees asleep
wises the accident happened; the °don were clinging to
&Merritt parts of the rigging. They were all brought to
town nn Sunday, and interred last might in the sane burying
grunisd with those who mere found ■t the time the vessel
went dims.

A deputation of the yoeng relatitusa arrived beet from the
place of their residence ow Moodily. just as the deviates were
in !beset of adjusting the coverings of shote who had been
canard to the infii wary. The geese id wonrsitug which here
took place was truly hearl•rendieg: Novae lamenting in wild
dirtinetiste over the reilkinsof 4 dearly heleved parent, while
of hers, perhaps.. with yet wore agooy, regretted the dies petrol-
Innis of not liadiog their eel-owns even in say eutitlitiott.
Their conduct was of such a torching nature as quite to
unease the (cellars of those engaged its the necessary ditties
of hunsanity to the poor safe . We cannot lease this
subject •ithont mentionieg the liberality of posse ladies of
this town in providing and 'Kadin dresses fur the isofortu-
awe permais—indeed the gifts were so esesserowa and vs.
Instil., awl gieell with such spitutaneein geed feeling, that
we are only prevented from watniug the dueore, front a eon-
vietiou that Ma deed would fell, in their own estimation,
if more publicity were given to it.
Name. of those who gut about the boat on Sunday ;
Allan Whines (waster), Sally M•lstisee, Mary M•Leaw,
Marion %Henri, Peggy Beaton, Christiae M•Arthitr, Sally
ill'lNtagart, Mary 51-Lesii, and Zielly Crawford.

A most serious sceitirtat had nearly happened to
Mr. HART, solicitor. sot' Portscaossi It, and fatuity, on
Tuesday trenisig lest. is they were riding over
Suuthsea Common, whilst the troops were at prac-
tice. tiring. When they had got about 150 yards
on the road from the target bank. towards Stone-
ham's Mill. one of the balls from the soldiers' pieces
whistled over their heads. and. in a ercond or two
another ball struck sad savorily stun% Mr.
HART's left shoulder, grazed the same, mud passed
with the greatest *cloudy between Inns and Mrs.
HART, but prosideutiJlly without doins them any
bodily itajary.

AY LESBUR'
Wheal per Id. Si 04 a HMOs
New dgtu 91 Os a Ilti 0.1
Bei ley per qr. 18. 04 a $2. 04
Oaie

Auavint 23.
Sears.... 254 Ws 184 6d
New dill. —4 Od ate' Od
Pease .. 254 04 a 184 0411
Yriebes.. —4 Od a 284 Od

IVllir SOUTH WALFS.

EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OP THE COM►7tI.
WORSE OF INQUIRY UNTO THE STATE OF TUS
COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

[Printed by Order of the Muse of Commons.]

(Continued from oar Paper of Friday last)

Subsistence and Clothing of the Convicts reinined
by I;overnntent ; and kmployrnent of female
Convicts.

The effect of the labour required from the con.
Picts. assigned to the settlers, varies with their cite.
ratter and comlitinei. In the service of the more
opulent, who can afford to logy for it greate► quan-
tity of labour than is required by the Coveroine;:-
older', the convict will generally perform, slaty. .1
earls More that, his annual wages after an expericiii
of one yea►. He is thus confined during the d.,
to his Toaster's lam, and prevented room 'Ambito;
in pursuit of plunder ; and the fatigue of the day's
labour disposes hint to tranquillity and to rest at
night. Hr finds that, by inc d exertion, he po -
erases the means of improving both his present and
future condition ; artd he every day becomes more
skilful in that species of labour, by which he may
hereafter seek to estoblish himself in the possession
of property, and make it available fur his support.
The employment of convicts in the service of the
lower classes of settlers, who cannot afford to pay
them any thing beyond their rat►oca, or to stimulate
or reward their industry by paying fur their extra
labour. is, on the coral-sty, very pernicious. The
convict is thus allowed to leave hit home in pursuit
of hr.bour that he cannot find there, and lie is out of
the reach even of the imperfect control of hi. ne-
ceositous master. Giivernor Alacquvirrie has elides-
Isured to restrain this practice by several orders;
and in some of the &shim., chiefly occupied by the
lower class of settlers, the Magistrates have lately
found it necessary to enforce their execution, both
by exacting the fine imposed by those orders, and by
removing the convict labourers from the control of
those settlers who could nut furnish thew with em-
ployment. It may also be generally observed, that
whenever the demand for the produce of agricul-
turel labour in New South W.les is diminished,
either to the richer or the poorer classes of settler.,
the effect will be the same ; neither of them will
then continue to employ or msiutaiu convicts, much
less to stimulate their industry in the production of
a commodity that is unsaleable ; whereas, under
the operation and encouragement of a steady mar-
ket. the settler can both afford to give his convict
servants such a liberal ollowance of food as will
make them satisfied with their condition and willing
to remain in it, and can give that stimulus to their
exertions that supersedes the necessity of coercion,
and leaves the convict neither time our strength
to undertake enterprises of a criminal nature.

It is the want of this stimulus to the labour of
the convict, or the fear of producing greater init..
chief by applying it, that war noticed us the great
defect in the system of Government labour the
towns; ■nd it is precisely in these points that the
labour of convicts assigned to respectable and opu-
lent settlers in the country, has appeared to me to
be Ito much to be preferred, and so well calculated
to answer the colonial as well as the penal objects
of the e►tablishment of New South Wale+. It ha.
unfortunately happened, that the attention of the
colonial government has hitherto been fixed upon
the production of two objects, fur which I'.
own consumption firmed at once both the demand
and the limit ; and the perpetual variations that
have occurred in that demand, together witd certain
other difficulties in supplying it, have rather bad
the effect of deterring thus' of stimulating the
efforts of respectable settlers in the cultivation of
grain, and the largest supplies have becu furui►het
by the lower clams.
The payment of wages for the regulated labour
of the couvictr, or for their earnings by extra labour,
geuerally made to them in articles of consump-
tion, such as tea, sugar, and tobacco; and, on the
larger estate+, an account is kept by the owner or
his overseer of the quantities of work• peifurizird,
and of articles issued in payineut.
By the last order of Governor Marquarrie, and
by the decisions of the magistrates, the convict. are
considered to be cooled to demand thur wage,
money; but the difficulty that they find in put-
chasing the different articles that they require,
the evil consequences of the a:tre►traeued purchase
of spirits, have given rose to the custom of paying
the largest proportion of sages in New Solon
Wales in articles of consumption, such at ttu,
and tobacco, and which are better known under the
general designation of " property." The paces of
these articles vary from 40 to r 0 per cent. above
the wholesale ready moue', prices, and (roan '25
35 per cent, above the 'eta I price* of Sydrry ;
these variations depeoding upon loc.k
stances, and being liable, when disputed, to the
final adjustment of the m g•strater,
It sometimes huppeila that a comtienecion is
made to the cos't•ict fur the high rice of the good.,
by an increased price fur his labour ; but I did nut
find that this underatanding was so genetally re cog-
nix-d as Mr. Osky 11.6 *hard its hi. evidence.
The convicts upon the large eiitates are g-rner;il;v
lodged its separate hut. built of wood, covved
aith the bark of the eucalyptus. The outdo!, in
each hut are not limited; and in their a►.ecia:roar
dory are guided altogether by their own vrept.t-
sessions.. The convict aervatits of the lower classes
of settlers iuliabit the same houses, and frequent 4
the game apartments us their masters.

(To be continued)

SalMfdayST. H•RTHOLOMIM.—H.did,y •t the RatA,
cbrq•ert Eaat ladi• ■ud &nth Sea Houwa.