The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-04-02 00:00:00

THE BRITISH PRESS.

the intended loan was for a much larger amount ; and now
the Times admits that the loan was to be so large, that the
commission alone would have been half a million ! At the
highest rate of commission then, the Joan must be at least
of four times the amount stated by the Times. The resig-
nation or dismissal of UGA arc has taken place long since
the 7'imes " pledged its character" to the fact of the arrival
of an express, from Madrid, confirming, "almost to the let-
ter" all it had previously stated. Under any circumstances,
therefore, the Times must be wrong, for all its statements
have been inconsistent with each other ; but the last we
again say, is no more t:ue than any of its predecessors. The
negociation is not at an end, nor was (Jetsam dismissed on
account of it. The late change of Ministry in Spain is
ascribed to very different causes. He was the creature of
Russian influence at Madrid, and his disgrace is understood
to be the result of FERDINAND'S revenge fur the disap-
pointment he has sustained in the assistance he expected
from Russia for the reconquest of his Colonies. The
KING'S displeasure was at first so great, that he bad
resolved to banish LTG ART 1, on pretence of sending him
to Turin, but it appears that he has relaxed a little from
this severity.
A private letter from Madrid states, that M. UOARTT
had had an audience of the KING, in which he represented
to his MaJesry that his loyalty alone was the cause of his
disgrace—that true to his resolution of never quitting the
royal person, he had refused the office of Envoy to Turin ;
he concluded by beseeching his MAJESTY to appoint him
some spot distant from the residence of the Court, to take
up his abode in. Yielding to his wish, the KING fixed
upon the city of Segovia, where he passed three months in
exile before he took die oath to the Constitution.

, We have given, in another part of our Paper, an extract
front the evidence of A. R. BLAKE, Esq. given before the
Select Committee of the House of Commons on the affairs
of Ireland. This gentleman is a Catholic, and Chief Re-
membrancer of the Court of Exchequer in Dublin. His
appointment to this situation is of itself a proof of the libe-
ral policy of the Marquis WELLESLEY, and of the s;ncere
desire that he has so long entertained to bring about, by
klegrees, that desirable event, which all wise and candid men
must think so fundamentally and essentially necessary to
the true interests both of Great Britain and Ireland. Thia
gentleman's evidence is given with great candour, and his
answers to the respective questions put to him show that
the practical results of the present system have been long
under his contemplation, in all their bearings upon the tem-
per and condition of both parties, Protestant and Catholic.
No time could be more for:unate and proper for bringing
the evidence of the different persons examined before this
Committee under the attention of the public. It will ena-
ble those who wish well to the Catholic cause to fortify
their opinions by the strongest confirmatory testimony ;
while it will give opportunities to those who are hostile to
it, to weigh their objections against the arguments drawn
from justice and expediency, which they will find detailed
in this body of evidence. Let only the fair claims of this
class of our fellow-subjects be examined fairly and without
prejudice, and there will be but one sentiment as to the
propriety of conceding them. Fortunately, the liberal and
enlightened disposition of the leading members of the Go-
vernment is favourable to every claim 'which has sound
poiicy and a constitutional sanction for its basis ; and to
every measure which, like that of Catholic Emancipation,
is not only just and honourable in itself, but will be
attended with the most signal advantages to the country.
If the proposed Bill shall pass the House of Commons with
such a majority as to show that the general opinion of the
public inclines that way, we have no reason to believe that
it will meet with any very strenuous opposition in the other
House.

The Select Committee appointed to reconsider the Act
passed last Session for the repeal of the COMBINATION
LAws, have a task of extreme importance before them, and
one connected, in its results, with the vital interests of the
manufacturing classes. That the Combination Laws were
unwise in principle and oppressive in practice there can be
no doubt. They were unwise, because they controlled the
freedom of the artisans on occasions where they could
never usefully interfere : they were oppressive, innmoch
as they subjected them to the confederate interest of their
employers, while they took away from them all means of
effective counteraction. There was no reciprocity: the
power was all given to one side. Such a system contained'
the seeds of evil : it led, necessarily, to all the contention,
discontent, and violence, which arose out of it. But the
remedy was one of very difficult application. A sudden
and sweeping repeal of the obnoxious laws was one way of
getting rid of the mischiefs which grew qt of them ; but
there were other ill consequences of a very positive cha-
racter, and, in their way, quite as prolific of mischief,
.which lay in the train of the remedy. It was to be foreseen'
that these ill consequences would arise ; and in prudence
they ought to have been guarded against. The Committee
who framed the repealing statute either did not foresee''
them, or did not think themselves warranted in legislating
by anticipation. In this perhaps they were not altogether
wrong. Generally speaking, it is wiser to wait till the
evil, whatever it may be, that is apprehended from the
repeal of a statute, actually appears ; the disorder to be
provided against is then sees in its true size and shape; the
wrong to be redressed may be measured with the means of
cure ; it may be met without that excess of punishment,
and without all that complex apparatus of prerentires
whiell load our Statute-Leek, and -whit* arise out of the
over-anxiety to guard beforehand against all probable and
possible evils.
If, in this great commercial nation, our manufacturers are
left wholly at the mercy of their employers, it is not diffi-
cult to say eventually which will be masters. Journeymen
have, at all times, the opportunity of extorting an increase
of wages, by insisting on their demand at a moment when
their employers cannot dispense with their services. All
our great manufacturers would be utterly ruined were
they, under peculiar circumstances, and with a great
extent of unexecuted orders on hand, to be exposed, with-
out remedy, to a combination on the part of their workmen
to strike unless they received an advance of prices. It sounds
very reasonable to urge that every man should be left at
liberty to ask what wages he pleases for his labour, and to
refuse to work for less than he conceives to be the fair esti-
mate of its value ; and taken as an abstract proposition, it
is perfectly correct. If a workman requires that his wages
should be raised so much per week, or his work so much
per piece, it is undoubtedly in the option of his employer
to comply with this demand or refuse it, and neither side
has cause to complain. To this course there can be no
reasonable objection. But the case is quite different where
a number of workmen, belonging to an extensive manu-
factory, associate together to demand an increase of prices,
resolving, in case of refusal, to strike, and to deter other
hands from seeking employtnent in the manufactory, and
thus 'care the owners no option but to y ield or be ruined.

This is a state of things which can never be suffered ; it
manifestly pat! in hazard our existence as a commercial
people. Among other protective enactments which the exi-
gency of such a situation calls for, it seems expedient that
no workman should be permitted to leave his employer
without a certain previous notice in writing—that he should
not be allowed to quit his service until the particular order
which he is employed upon is executed, without some due
cause shown for so quitting his employ—and that to pre-
vent the effect of all sudden combinations, no workmen,
beyond a given number bearing a certain proportion to the
whole number employed, be permitted to leave the service
of their employer, until the places of those who have so
previously given warning are supplied. Some special enact-
ments of this kind, simple in themselves and of ready ap-
plication, would effect every purpose that might be fairly
required for the protection of the masters, without throw-
ing undue restraints on the freedom of labour. Much fur-
ther than this, Parliament, we think, cannot usefully in-
terfere. In the conflicts of such interests, the parties
are, in mo•t cases, best left to adjust their own differences.
But that legislative treasures of some kind are strongly
called for, to relieve the great northern manufactures from
the subserviency under which they are placed, and to rescue
then. from the ruin which must await them if combina-
tions may be entered into with impunity, every one must
admit. The former was an unwholesome theory, and the
provisions which the repeal of it may render necessary, will
come recommended by the experience of the past, which is
always the best instructor of the future.

The departure of the Emperor of Austria from Vienna
for Italy seems to be fixed for the Gth inst. His Majesty
will not arrive at Mantua till the end of this month, white
he will meet the Empress, who, with the Archduchess
Sophia, goes to Munich to visit their august parents.
From Mantua their Majesties will proceed to Milan.
The Frankfort Papers announce the aniral in that city
of Mr. Cathcart, Minister Plenipotentiary from England
to the German Confederation, on the Oil ult.
By the Piedninntese Ga:lrtte, it appears that the assertior
in the Ghent Journal, that the Pope had refused to recog-
nise the King of Naples, is totally unfounded, as on the
9th of March, the Archbishop of Petra was admitted to a
private audience of his Majesty, in which he presented his
new credentials,:hy which his Holiness confirms him in the
character of Apostolic Nuncio to his Majesty.
. .

,
The mortal remains of the Princess de Metteniich passed
through Mayence on the 9.3 d ult. nn their way to Johan-
nisberg. There a solemn funeral service will be cele-
brated, and it will not be till acme days afterwards that
the procession will move forward towards Keeniswarth.
A subscription is raising in France to build a new church
at Fancy. It is said that the real object of this measure
is merely to pull down the present church, which having
been built by Voltaire and given to the town, is therefore
disliked by the Jesuitical party.
We learn from Rome that the statue of Copernicus,
undertaken by the celebrated sculptor, Tetwaldsen, has
just been finished, and will be transported to Warsaw in
the spring.
Mr. Martin, of Galway, has given notice of the follow-
ing motion, for the 13th of May next:—" To increase the
Salaries annexed to the Great Officers of State, and to high
judicial situations of the country, so as to render them more
adequate to the labour and importance of the duties to he
discharged, and more worthy of the justice and liberality
of the nation."

SILK TX A DF.—A pretty satisfactory proof of the pros-
perity of the silk trade is to be found in the Macclesfield
paper, wherein we perceive an advertisement addressed
" To Overseers, &c." for 4,000 er 5,000 persons, from seven
to twenty years of age, who are wanted immediately in the
town, to be employed in the silk trade.
In the course of last year, fifty thousand saints of oil,
and forty thousand salmi of corn, were exported from
Sicily.
The expense of obtaining a patent in America isonly .50
dollars-61. 15s. sterling.
Goon FRID•N .—Yesterdo y was, as usual, commemor►ted
by the suspension of business. and the performance of di-
vine service at all the churches and most of the chapels
throughout London. Those belonging to the Roman Ca-
tholics were much crowded, particularly fhe Spanish Am-
bassador's Chapel, and the splendid edifice in Moorfields.
At these places High Mass was performed, and 7'e Deem
sung, aecompanied by the usual impressive and solemn
pageantry. 'f he audience, fort the most part, was of a
very genteel character; but it lets evident that of these a
part had been attracted by curiosity to witness the spec-
tacle, and to hear the singing, which was of a very superior
order.—The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor gave
orders to the City Marshals and officers under them to see
that all business was suspended, and the shops and public
houses closed during the time of divine service.
WESTERN CURRENT OF THE AT LA NTlC.—Extract of
a letter from the Agent to Lloyd's at Stornoway, dated
March 17 :
" A bottle wa. found on the 12th instant, on the Sands of Dell,
near the Batt of the Lewis, with a card in it, of which the follow.
ing is a copy :
" Enact' brig Ardent, from Hamburgh to Newfoundland,
September 22, 11124, Ist. 6G. 58. N. long. 24 30. W. Whatever
hands this may fall into, I will thank them to give it publicity, to
ascertain, if possible, the direction of the prevailing current in this
part of the Atlantic.
(Signed) " JOHN DUNCAN.'"
The direction in which this bottle has come confirms the
general opinion of a westerly current, which, with the
heave of the sea from the same point, accounts for the
many fatal accidents that happen to our shipping crossing
the Atlantic in the fall of the year, by running ahead of
their reckoning.

However strange the following proposition may appear,
the Advertiser will exhibit to any respectable gentleman
the cause, in action, which will move, against wind and
tide, with any velocity required, a vessel upon the water,
without strain, sails, oars, levers, paddles, or machinery
whatever. The expense to complete the largest hull in
Liverpool will not exceed soot. To bring this system to
maturity will require the assistance of two individuals at
least. One or two respectable gentlemen may participate in
all its benefits equal with the Advertiser, on a mutual un-
derstanding taking place.—Address by letter, post-paid, to
W. Parr, care of J. Gore and Son, Castle-street, LiverpooL
—Liverpool Advertuer of Thursday.
Hoe iNTELLIOLNCE.—WORPESTER, Mason 30.—0 n
Saturday twenty-one pockets of Hops were weighed in our
market. Little or nothing doing in the Hop trade. Prices
as per last quotation.
Saturday, about half-past one o'clock, an appalling ac-
cident took place at a power loom factory, Bishop-street.
Anderatem, near Glasgow. A draw-boy, thirteen yenta of
age, was looking into a window, when one of the coupling
boxes of the main lying shaft caught hold of his left sleeve,
and drew him on the shaft, where his body was carried
round till it was intercepted by the wall, and there being
only a space of about two inches for his body to pass
through, his limbs were immediately separated, and the
trunk was forced through, mangled in the most dreadful
manner ever witnessed. The engine was of course stopped
on the first alarm, but it was too late, as the first turn of
the shaft cut his body in two.
On Tuesday night last, between nine and ten o'clock, as
the watchman stationed near the Southwark Bridge wax on
duty, he heard a noise in the water, as if some person had
thrown themselves in. He immediately ran down the'
steps leading to the river, and saw a woman in the water,
who had just risen to the surface; he caught her by the
hair just as she was sinking, and pulled her out, and from
thence conveyed her to the watchhouse, where she at first
refused to disclose her name, or to give any reasons for her
attempt at self-destruction. She, however, at length, after
repeated solicitations. said that her name was Mary Cook ;
that she was a married woman, and had four children, and
that having had a quarrel that morning with her husband,'
she bad resolved upon destroying herself. So determined
was the unfortunate woman on effectually drowning her-
self, that on the watchman's rescuing her, he found a
piece of cord tightly twisted mumd both her legs, au as to
prevent the poasibihty of saving herself after she had once
thrown basal' in.

THE FRENCH ARMY.

The following is a plan oe new organisation of the
French Army, extracted from a royal ordinance in the last
number of the Bulletin des Luis:— _

The French infantry of the active army shall be com-
posed of six regiments destined for the service of the
guard ; sixty-four regiments of the line and twenty of
light infantry. Each regiment shall consist of a star
and three battalions, eight companies in a battalion ; a
battalion shall be 957 men effective, on the war esta-
blishment, and reductd to 601 in time of peace. The
cavalry shall be composed of two regiments of grena-
diers, two t.f cuirassiers, one of dragoons, one of lancers,
and one of hussars, forming the two divisions of the royal
guard ; of two regiments of carabincers, ten of cuirassiers,
twelve of dragoons, eighteen of chasaeurs, and six of hus-
sars ; each regiment, both of 'he guard and of the line,
shall consist of a staff and six squadrons. The force of
each squadron shall be—for the royal guard 162 men and
133 horses, on the war tatab!isinnent (reduced in peace to
120 men and 119 horses); for the heavy cavalry 150 men
and 141 horses in war; 119 men and 101 horses in peace;
and for the light cavalry 166 men and 137 horses in peace.
The Brigade of artillery of the Royal Guard shall con-
sist of one regiment on foot, one on horseback, and one
I regiment of the train. The first of them to have 916 men
in time of war, and 669 in peace ; the second, 454 men and
470 horses in war, and 382 men and 337 horses in peace;
the regiment of the train, 1474 men and 2416 horses in war,
and 324 men and 636 horses on the peace establishment.
T:ie artillery of the line to consist of eight regiments on
foot and four regiments of horse artillery : the foot regi-
ments, 2139 in war, and 1339 in peace ; the regiments of
horse artillery, 891 men and 856 horses in war, 651 men
and 4.58 holies in peace.
The battalion of Pontooneers, 1571 men in war and 995
in peace.
Each of the twelve companies of workmen, 101 men in
war, 71 in peace.
Each of the eight squadrons of the train of artillery
shall be composed of a staff and sixteen companies in time
of war, and of eight in time of peace. The complete
force of a squadron, 1958 men and 3180 horses in war,
and 691 men 364 horses on the peace establishment.

FRENCH PAPERS.
From the Efoik dated Thursday.]
PARIS, MARC!' 30.
It is confidently stated that the Coronation of his 3dsjesty is
Positively postponed to the 12th of June. It was riot the time re-
quired to complete the preparations, as some have seemed to think.
that caused this resolution. The greatest activity prevailed as well
at Rheims as at Paris. and workmen were employed both day mail
night to get every thing ready by the 15th of May. As it is now
seen that the Session of the Chambers will not be terminated by
that period, we need seek for no other cause for this delay. The
month of June offers a greater chance of fine weather, both for the
solemnity and the fetes which are to follow it.
It is said that M. Ouvrard is engaged in writing memoirs of
great interest, of his political and financial life. His participation
iii all the great undertakings prior to the Restoration, the influence
which he exercised in 1816 and 1817, on raising the Loans, which
have established public credit, and his explsnations relative to
the report of the Commission of Inquiry, are, they say, very in-
teresting.
Mr. Cromwell Disbrowe replace* Sir Charles Begot as Minister
Plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majesty, at the Court of Russia.
He passed through Frankfort on the 21st, on his way to his poet.
A NUOULEM E, Marten 24.
laxity of discipline, followed as it always happens, in public
schools, by quarrels, has occurred lately among some pupils of the
Royal Marine College. Order was soon re-established, all returned
ro their duty, and those who had offended most were punished, and
their names forwarded to the Minister of the Marine.

',From Galignani's Messenger of Wedneodm.l
Pools, lloacm 29.

Extract of a private letter of the 2lst instant from'Nuremberg :
We learn from Corfu, that intelligence had been received there of
Prince 3lavrocordato, after the repeated solicitations of the central
Government of Greece, having determined to quit Missolonghi and
proceed to Napoli di Romania, to take upon him the office of
Secretary of State, to which he was nominated some time ago. He
will nevertheless retain the Important post of Director in Chief of
Western Greece. A special Committee, consisting of three members,
is charged with the affairs relative to the administration of that part
of the Peloponnesus, during the whole time of Prince blavrocer-
dato's absence. The Egyptian fleet, under Ibrahim Paths, has ex-
perienced fresh disasters from a violent hurricane. The Anglo-
lonian Government, alter having received despatches from Napoli
di Romania, has commanded the Greek General Sissini, one
of the principal leaders in the rebellion of Colocotroni, who
had taken refuge at Zante, to quit that Island immediately.
The other insurgent leaders, such as Lando, Nikitat, Zaimt,
&r. arc still detained at Anatolico. We are assured that Prince
Marroeordato has received orders from the Greek Government
to cause them to be transported to Napoli di Romania, in order to
be tried.

General Krnynofr, a Dutch officer, seventy years old, will les,.
Brussels towards the end of April for Curacoa, with a numerous
staff; to take the superintendence of the working of the gold 111111 MI
recently discovered in that part of the Dutch possessions.

(From the Constitution's(' of IVedneaday.l
The Indict:tear of Bordeaux contains the following letter, which
shows what degree of confidence is to be placed in the assertions of
the official Gazette of the Spanish Government, which the Eloik is
so eager to copy :--
"St. Sebastian, March 19.
" Having observetriti the Madrid Gazette of the 15th inst. that
the Commandant of the Marine has thought fit to make use cf my
name In the despatch whid) he has addremted to his Government ;
and as it is not probable that that Gazette would insert my
answer, I hare recourse to roue journal to inform its readers that
I have not given any news to the Commissioners of the Marine at
this port, either directly, it through an interpreter. and that if I
had been interrogated respecting the affairs of Peru, my answer
would have been diametrically opposite to that which this officer
attributes to me in his despatch,,e honour, ite,
'JOHN 31. SMITH,
" Commanding the American schooner the General
" Jackson ei.Baltimore."
The article in the Afadriel Gazette, of which Captain Smith
complains, is in the following terns:—
" The naval Commandant at St. Sebastian has written. under
date of the II th of this mouth, to the Minister as follows :--• Sir,
on the lith of this month there arrived in this port from Baltimore,
after a voyage of 32 day., with a cargo of sugar, cocoa, and other
articles for the place, the American schooner the General Jackson,
who has brought the news (after those of Baltimore) that Bolivar.
since his late defeat. was pressed by 211,000 Royalist troops, and not
..n a condition toescape them.' "—Note of Constitutionrril.
(From the Journal des Debit!. of Wednsedat
Af•Ditth. :Basica 17.

For some time past our Court have reoeived a vast number to
claims for indemnity for houses demolished and woods felled by
the French for the fortification of Cadiz and its neighbourhood ;
the public wait with great impatience the decisions on these claims,
for they will show us what will he the ultimate fate of Cadiz.
Nothing Is talked of at the Palace except the great favour Ge-
neral Quesada enjoys, who seems destined to fill the mom of
Ugsrte in the mind of the King; it Is even asserted that M. Que.
sada is no strange/ to the fall of the ex-favaurite.
Letters from Lisbon announce that the English are there forming
vast magazines of provisions, which they assert to be destined foe
the supply of the English station in the Tagus, but which seem
more fitted to be destined for some body of troops of the line than
for the provision of ships of war.
The trial of the ex.vegidors of Madrid is finished, and the see.
tenet has just been submitted to the King's approbation. It has
been remarked, that in a passage of his speech, the Attorney-tie-
nerd said, that in not calling for any punishment against the cul-
prits, he might draw on himself the anitnadversion of a great null.
bee of good and loyal Royalists ; but that if he should call for one,
ft would fall on all the men in the kingdom who had filled muni-
cipal offices, against which men a dangerous precedent would he
established, inasmuch as almost all had signed similar acts to those
which formed the heads of the accusation against the ex-segidors of
Madrid.

(From the Corrrier Fresteais of Werinesd!!.l
LteLon, MARCH
The Comte de Porto Santa arrived here l evieriley from Madrid.
Fmm this day he holds the porteinalle of Minister be Foreign
Aehirt._ _ _ .

M.Pinheiro Ferreyra, who has refused the department for Fe.
reign Affair., sill accompany, n is reported, M. Paldtella to
London.
The maritime forces of (heat Britain stationed at the mouth of
the Tagus increases daily. Sir Charles Stewart is expected to arrive
at this capital every moment. The current report is, that a ronsti.
tutional regime will be established. Our intercourse with Algiers
is broken off. and withr.ut doubt the Cabinet of St. James's sill
interfere in this business, and offer our Cabinet its high and pow.
erful protection.

A Swt NDI.FR.—On Saturday last, a tall, thin, middle-
aged man, dressed in a blue frock coat, called at a gentle-
man a in Arlington-street, Camden-town, to look at apart-
ments. After having seen them, he agreed to take them
for a lady and her daughter. Being informed that it was
customary to leave a deposit as security, he replied, he
had nothing less than a M. country note, of the Oxbridge
and Somersetshire Hank, Messrs. Liscombe, Padden, Self,
and Co., payable in London at Messrs. Whitehead, Howard,
and Haddock's, and said if the owner of the house would
change it, he would leave a deposit of If.; ; the former
accordingly gave the difference, at. When, however the
note was presented, it was foundthat the country bank had
stopped payment for some time.