The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-07-08 00:00:00

FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE.

ALNIAUK
The ball given on Wednesday evening at these elegant MOMS
was very numerotply attended ; among other tashionables present
were :

Priners—Brunswick, Gortchacofli Victor, Schonbergh, and
Luxembourg.
Macs—Brunswick, Welliagron, and Argyll.
Pselypses—U'dlington. Argyll, and Leeds.
iltairgr'scs—Douro, Carmarthen, 11 Alarchese de Blarchisina,
and rid!
Marchioseesart—Emily Londonderry, Waterford, and La Mar-
chese de Marchisina.

Earls—Jersey. Tankerrille, Kilmorey, Bristol, Leitrim, West-
morland, Rosalyn, and ClonmeJ.
Countesses—Jersey. Cosepet; Sefton, Beauchamp, Uxbridge,
OTTNiKi. ‘Varitick, Leitritn, St. Antonio, Panlett, and Ulonmel.
Lord:-31olyneux, J. Russell, Pelham, Wrottesley, Russell,
J. Thynne, Melvillo, C. Fitzroy, Templetnun, &e.
Ladies—G. Paget, G. Osborne. G. l'onrnitby, Acton, O.
Orenfell, Teynhani„ three Molyneux, E. Benner. B. Ponrnehy,
Berkeley, 1.3. Carerol;.h. C. Boutinek. M. Be:16110c, three (here,
J. Thynne, Ogle, :11. Pelham, Stafford, J. Fitz my, L. litrvey,
C. Stanhope, Floyd, V,edhum, &e. &c.

The Dowager Marchioness of Saiiiibury's assembly, on Wednes.
day evening. in Arlington.street, was attended, by upwards of :200
of the haul tun.

The Duke of Beaufort entertained a distingui►hed party at
dinner yesterday, at his house in, Grosvenor-square.
The Marquis of Lansilown had a dinner party yesterday, at
Lanadown Muse, Berkeley-square.
The Dowager Marchioness of Egeter had a grand dinner party
on Wednesday. at her Ittaise in Privy.gartleits.
Dowager Lady Neave entertained a select party yesterdy even.
ing, at her house in Albemarle-street.
Lord Maryborough had a select party at dinner yesterday, at his
house in Saville• row.

The Duke of Devon hire gives a gland dsjuu€ to-marrow, at
Chia %wick.

of Ponsonby has arrived at the Dul:,! of Argyll's,
Upper Brook-street, from. the Islands.
The Earl and Countess (vy, and the Lalies (hey, heft town
yesterday for the North.
Emily Marchioness of Londonderry and family Lan Icft tonn
for North Cray, Kent, for the season.

- -•
LIBERdnoAr-OF MAU.
of Bolivar frt Pelt le one of the past sigeeleveots
times, end it hal aretreeil the freeborn d Americo. Bet
is die distance which &ease tar from tbe thee,* of these me-
sweetly emits, and each to oomoqoenoe the diversity of the replete

,

"shish have rarebed reps, tbatthe ciresaimanass which have led
Oa, and accompanied these matenisfiing transactions, are still but
leapralbedy known. The disunion among the Spaniels Generals
has been talked of,, bat widout any particulars having base
known, and In slim, little that we have heard concerning these im-
portant facts can be depended apes. We think, therefore, that it
will be grateful se owe readers to lay bell= diem the following ex-
posi which we have received from Bordesux. It is written by a
Spanish Aber, at present at that town with the staff of the old
army of Pent ; it will easily be seen that the author is an enemy
(tithe Colombians, and looks with chagtin on the triumph of the
cause of Independence ; his paper, nevertheless, gives an oases.
hive of facts,which no other document has hitherto offered :
" The want of harmony among the Chiefs of the Royalist army
of Peru has been. the true cause of its overthrox. As long as they
were united they obtained the most striking advantages, but their
successes, instead of increasing their ardour, divided them: each,
perhaps, claimed too exclusively his share of the triumph. Discord
was the consequence ; the Colombians perceived and directed all
their efforts to increase dissensions, which were certain of .urging
out to their advan:age.
" The Viceroy of Peru, La Serna, foresaw how injurious this mis.
understanding would be to the Royal cause. lie spared no pains,
therefore, to effect a reconciliation ; but his efforts only tended to
produce further rivalries.
" The army was divided into two bodies—one called the Northern
Army, under the command of General Camerae. the other, under
General Valdez, formed the Southern Army. Each was composed
of those divisions which were most attached to their respective
Chiefs, acting only for them, 'and having co depeadence on the
other. Camerae was offended on Account of the honours and dis-
tinctions which had beep conferred on Valdez, and in no measured
terms expressed his discontent to the Viceroy, claiming the same
favours for himself.
. .

' I;fliell4;;;therfArtny was posted at Guinealao, in the province
of Telma, at about forty leagues from Lima. The Southern was
in the province of Arequipa.. The Viceroy was at Cusco, the cen-
tral point of Peru. It was VI Di% state of affairs that General Ols.
nets, who was at Potosi with.", division of 2,500 men, in indlo to
watch the independent provinces of Buenos Ayres, sheltering him.
self with the pretext of zeal for the King's interests, gave a feral
example of insubordination, end declared that he would note:know.
ledge the changes made by the Constitution in the unlimited autho.
rite of his Majesty.
" It was at this precisemoment that the royal cause had the great.
est chance of success. The fortreases of Callao had already storm.
dered to the royal forces—the people of Lima had risen against the
Colombiana—Bolivar had been in consequence obliged to retire
upon Truniflo, and a part of his troops had surrendered themselves
prisoners. The northern army ought to have moved upon Truxillo,
to order to cover those who bad hoisted the Spanish flag at Callao,
and driven the remains of Bolivar'. army beyond the Rio Santo.
This movement might here been executed without the least diffi-
culty. It ivoyintleed made, but the southern army was not able to
have any share in it, as they were obliged to watch Olancto. who
had token a hostile attitude. Canterac had hardly reached Lima,
therefore, when lie Tenon:Weil to Iluaucayo. This recalled 80.
liver's courage, and gave him an opportunity to reorganise his vinyl
by means of recruits from Trill:810 and Quito, as well as by the!
reinforcements sent him from Colombia, and whose arrival might
have been prevented by the ship Asia and the other maritime
forces under bib orders. The retrograde movement of Canterac
was then one of the principal faults of the campaign ; for the army
lie led to Lima, composed of 7,000 picked men, could of itself have
beaten Bolivar. without help front the southern army.
" In this critical situation the Viceroy called upon Planets to ex-
plain his conduct, and pointed out to him the necessity of union;
and in order to take away all pretence for disobedience he abolished
the Constitutional Regime, although he had received no orders to
that effect, proclaimed the re-establishment of the Royal Autho.
rity in its fullest extent, and pledged himself to make all the con.
cessions that circumstances required fur re-establishing harmony.
All these efforts were made without success, for Olaneta far from
attending to the proposition of the Viceroy, only thought of gra.
tifying his private animosity. General Valdez moved upon Potosi,
and sent Planets proposals for as interview, which were agreed to,
and they accordingly met at Tarapaya, where several particulars ,
were agreed upon between them ' • but Olaneta very soon violated
the conditions, and it was found necessary ultimately to oppose
him with force. At this time Valdez was more than 400 leagues
from Huacuayo. The independent army was advancing, and Can-
ter= approaching to reconnoitre them too nearly, a sharp skir-
mish was the consequence. The Spanish cavalry were obliged to
give way, and yield the field of battle to the Independents. The
infantry also made a tomcat as far as Cusco, 140 leagues distant,
in which they lost 2,000 men. This affair raised the courage of
the Colombians, and impressed terror on the minds of the Spa.
niards. The indefatigable Viceroy, however, reorganized the army
in a few days, furnished it with all the necessary equipments, and
endeavoured to inspire it with that energy which it had lost. Ile
so far son-ceded as to keep in check the Colombian army, which
had advanced within no leagues of Cusco. Ile also sent orders
to General Valdez to discontinue observing Olaneta, and to pro.
teed forthwith and join him (the Viceroy) in the capital. Valdez
obeyed, and arrived at the capital in time, although before his de-
parture he had fought a sanguinary battle with Planets, which
rendered that rebel Chief entirely incapable of executing his tree-'
minable projects. In consequence of the very pressing nature of
the orders nansmitted to N'uldez, and the immerge apace which he
had to traverse, in conforming to ahem he was obliged to leave'!
the provinces which he quittei entirety at the discretion of Planets,
whom he had so recently vanquished. Beside% this, the tierce-
sity imposed upon him of forced marches caused him to lose a vast
number of men by fatigue on the way.
" The Viceroy saw with satisfaction the junction of two armies,
rivalling each other in zeal. lle had more confidence in the
military talents of Valdez than In those of Canterac ; but the latter
had the rank of Lieutenant-General, whilst the former was only
Marethande-Camp : the latter, therefore. caudal not take the Com.,
mend in Chief. In order to obviate this km invenience, without
wounding any person'', selflove, the Viceroy caused himself to be
proclaimed General-in-Chief, and took the command accordingly.
Die vanguard he placed under the ciders of Valdez; the re-
mainder of the forces under Canterac. They had, when they de.
parted from Cuaeo. 10,500 men (artillery and eavaby included); an
effective train of 12 pieces of cannon ; the whole provided with
every necessary. Thu* imposing force, however, was marching to
its destruction. The Colombians retired in difrerent directions at
its approach. which was slow, as the roads were nearly impractica.
ble ; incredible fatigues were the consequence; provioons began to
fail, acid desertions to take place ; the former symptoms of disunion
began to appear; the different Chiefs of the Northern Army prin.
cipally distinguished themselves by their insubordination and con-
tioual comments on the dispositions of the Viceroy. Never-
theless, the army advanced as far as the Plains of Al atara, where
they found the Colombians facing them, 6.000 strong, with two
pieces of artillery. They were beaten ; 500 mgt and one of the
two pieces of cannon fell into the power of the Spaniards, along
with the baggage of the Generals, the Staff. and the Commissariat.'
The vietery would have beet, complete. if Cantarae's division lied
sent forward two battalions-which ;fere ordernd. but night prevented
their arriving in time. The Colombians sneecetled in tallying
themselves, and Bolivar. who was well aware of the critical prom.
thou of his army, withdrew to Chapezi, its the neighbourhood of
Lints. The Viceroy was convinced that a decisive action on that
day would have an unfortunate result, not that the troops were in
bad condition, but from the discord which reigned among the
Chiefs; it was in consequence decided that a halt should be made
at Guatnango. It was also the rainy season, the soldiers wanted
rest after the long marches they had just made, And there was every
facility in that spot of procuring fresh meat, of which the troops were
in greet want. • After the check at hinter', the Colombians endea-
voured to direct their course to the valley of Janja, but their
rear-guard having been annoyed by the rising of the inhabitants,
they fixed upon the impregnable position of Ayacucho, there to
await the attack of the Spanish Army. It would, perhaps, have
been wise to have temporised and to have let the Colombians re.
main in that position, where provisions and water were failing them,
but by an inexplicable fatality it was decided in a council of war,
on the Bth Dec., 1824, that an attack should be made on the fol.
lowing day. The action accordingly commenced, but was from the
beginning unfavourable to the Spaniard., on account of the ine-
quality of the ground not perinittiug large bodies to deploy ; the
cavalry also was abedlutely useless, so that a lew eottipanies of
Chresseurs, a Battalion, and two squadrons were suffered to destroy
be Sp anish army without it being able even once to rally. The artil-
lery was instantly carried by the Colombians, and the disorder and
confusion which took place In the ranks of the Spaniard". are the
Colombians every advantage they could desire, and at which they
were not slow in profiting. The Viceroy having separated front his
staff, descended alone a narrow path, where his horse fell, he hirliself
was, ervorthrown, wounded, and taken prisoner. The other Gene.
Mk met together on the eminence where he bad been encamped,
but soon learning the unfortunate fate which had overtaken hint.
they all repaired to the Colombian camp, and signed the shameful
capitulation with which you are acquointed. Nut one of tlmm
thought of rallying the dispelled troopsa—no one was struck with,
the idea of retiring and profiting by the resources which Peru still
offered them. They chose rather to lose all than join Planet's,
and submit thentmeleea to his orders, as they ought to have done.
'1- There still, however. existed plenty of meals to resist.the In.
dependents. The provinceof Guantango which they were about to
occupy was striped of every thing, whilst that of Cusco abounded
in emplaces.

" The following forces still belonged to the Spanairds men
were at Apurinac, under the command of Miranda; 1000 at
Cusco; 400 at Punot 1.500 at Arequipa; infantry and cavtdryt
2,3110 with Olancta ; 1,400 at least with Acquilera in the great
valley, besides two or three squadrons near the coast. A respect-
able army then might still have heyn formed. There was a good
park of artillery at Cusco. and 2,000 excellent troops at Callao; co
that no motive can be assigned fur so inconsiderate a cession of all
the territory occupied by the Royalists, except the ifimosity against
thancta, the Mt ision among the Chiefs. the esprit de corps which
existed, and above all, the hoarding of thewealth which several poi-
sessetl, prepared and brought on the catastrophe at the very moment
when a durable peace might have been obtained.
•* The invernor of Cusco Was so misguided as to acknowledge the
crinirulatina, and what was worse, sent troops against Miranda, who
refused to aurrender upon it; all these faults augmented the general
discoaragesr,r.t. (Veneta' Maroto, who hid withdrawn from the
army without any viiible motive, was Conanantlant of Puno; but
ihe no 400ber learnt the course events had tak.'tt. than he attended
ta nmting tut the preparations for • his tivlrmitre, anti nobutty
thought of taking his race. At a meeting which te..)l: place at
. . •

Cued; in order to nominate, fur die interim, slime person to 111 the
place °fobs ViMlff, the direction of the government was given to
the Narwhal-de /wip Pio Tristan. who was at Arequipa. Be
accepted the post, but took no measure' to remedy the existing
evils, as he feared that if the Colombians became possessed or
that town they would make a prize of his immense treasures. This
new Chief might have sent (Planets all the troops, which to the.
number of 1,680 or 2,000 still remained in the provinces. Ile
might also have Pent off the park or artillery, and the cavalry, 'Newell'
as 701 carbines and 1,500 swords, which had landed from he
frigate the Duc tie Bordeaux ; but instead of acting thus, he on
the cousrary hastened to welcome and congratulate the Colombian
Envoy. The tine company of grenadiers of the Arequipa battalion
lownposed of negroe.), which had conic from Callao to Quilt..
with Brigadier Itamirez, on board the Asia, was abandoned. It is
to bepresumed that the loss of the cavalry at Junin. and the sub.
erquent measures, raised the discontent of the officers al 'dm
Northern army, to which circumstance in no doubt to be attributed
the little resistance they made in the affair of Ayacucho.
" No reproach can be thrown upon Valdez, for by his prudence
and activity he had great success in the battle of the 9th Detem.
tier. The right wing of the enemy, which lie attacked and broke,
was almost entirely destroyed ; but the left of our troops were not
able to stand the charge of the Colombiane, which was the cause
of one defeat. It *as also l'al•lez who from the beginning op.
posed the measures which were pmpio.ed against (Planets ; they
were executed-against his counsel, which war no doubt the remote
came of all the sebeemseat diegraces.
" Dianne is a woe Royalist ; his aversion to the Viceroy and
others can only be adribisted to private vexations, which he under.,
rei.nt ever since INC at *hich time no very favourable opinion
was entertained.. if Men, mrtiwithstaraling which ,the Viceroy ape
pointed him Marshal de Camp. It wan known that he *as a
zealous partisan of Ptzuela, and that when the latter was deposed
from the Viceroyalty in the year 1021, he formed the plan he he
just executed. (Planets might have been able to sustain himself
in Peru If Tristan had at first sent him the aid he could well have
spared; but at cresent his situation is extremely perilous, and it ie
doubtful if be will be able to bring himself off with advantage.
tt The Colombians have occupied the provinces to the south of
Deaaguadero, which has augmented their resources, and iliminishest
tho 4 of (Planets."