The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1810-01-23 00:00:00

Government frem executing the functions of Ad-
ministration, and would be fatal to the prosperity
of the Empire in India. by uttordiog an example
of successful opposition to authority, and by weak-
ening
,the power and dignity of the Gover ~,,, ent,
which in this country are peculiarly essential to its
existence. Influenced ky these considerations, the
Governor its Council has considered it to be his
sacred duty to resist every appearance of concession
to the threats of insubordination and faction, and to
employ the power and inealts at the disposal of
Government for the restoration of its discipline,
and maintenance of its honour anti authority.

In this state of afliiirs, it is a source of the most
gratifying reflection, that the zeal, loyalty, and
discipline of His Majesty's troops, and of many of
the most respectable officers of the Company's
army, cos biutol with the fidelity generally tuasti-
feated by the Native troops, will enable the Go-
vernment to accomplish the important object of re-
establishing public order. The good conduct of
Ills Majesty's troops. during the dissensions that
have occurred, their zealous adherence to duty, the
preference which they have manifested to the priii-
ples of honour, virtue, and patriotism, over the per-
sonal views and disorderly passions which prevailed
around them, reflect the greatest credit ou their
character, and demonstrate that they are animated
by the same ardent love of their country, which has
distinguished their brother soldiers in Europe. His
Majesty's troops under this Government will pos-
seas the gratifying reflection of having deserved the
approbation and gratitude of their country, and of'
having eminently contributed to the preservation of
an important branch of the empire.
The Governor iii Council entertains a hope that
the Company's Officers, who have threatened the
Government of their country with the moat serious
tel.; who have dematisied, as the coaditiou of be-
ing faithful to their duty, the execution of measures
degrading to the character, and fatal to the interests
of the state, will pause, before they attempt to pro-
ceed further in the course of sedition and guilt
which they have pursued. It has been the ear-
nest wish and anxious desire of the Governor in
Ctt'uncil, to avoid measures of extremity, to re-
iseahlish order by the course of law, and to
give up to military trial the authors of the pre-
sent seditious. proteedings. In prosecution of
measures so consonant to justice, so necessary
for the restoration of discipline, and so conform-
al,le to the ordinary course of military government,
the Governor in Council is persuaded, that he shall
have the concurrence of all persona in the civil
and military service, who have not banished host
their minds every sentiment of national feeling,
and he exhorts the officers of the Company's tier-
vice by submitting to that course of measures, to
avert the evils which they are precipitating upon
themselves. Such a result, gratifying at any period,
would at the present moment of national difficulty,
be peculiarly acceptable to the views and feelings of
the Governer in Council, and adverting to the
zeal mid patriotism by which the officers of the
Compawy's Army have been distinguished, he still
encourages a hope, that by manifesting obedience
to the Goverment, they will obviate the adoption of
measures of extremity, wrest the certain cense-
queue** of their past conduct, and promote the 'co-
loration of general confidence, order and discipline.
By order of the Hon. the Governor in Council,
(Signed) A. FA I.CON AIII.
_MADI4III, AWL

Yesterday, a Sessions of Oyer. Terminer, and
General Gaol Delivery, in the Supreme Court,com-
meneed before the lion. Sir T. Strange, l►ot. Chief
Justice, at the Court-House at Fort St, George,
who addressed the Jury, of which the following is
an extract :

Grier err FX•••-" The certainty that arts of rebellion have
within the territories, dependent upou this Presidency, been
recently commit ted by somber. .f its Hunottrable Company's
Officer*, regard in an extensive combination eventually to
throw off all uliedienee to this Governetent, and sr k redressof
alleged grievances by urns, forbids my psi sing with you cm the
present ocautiouorittitnit drawing your attention to the stateof
things at once so extraordinary' so perilous, nail so highly cri-
minal. If there he in the reioa of any, ere of yon, Gentle-
men, the tense doubt as to the fact, I shall expect to make
ro impression till be he better lufuimed uu the milieu if
the fact hemmer he, that the description of persons to whom
I allude have, with comparatively few exreptiens, been pre-
vailed with to cuter into an illegal etimbirstion, and that in-
dividtia6 of them, availing themselves of hid support, are
by their acts leaving to this Government no alternative,
but either to compromise the public authority, or to en-
deavour to maintain it by the sword, then the time is, it
my opiition, mailed, when it becomes every man in his
sphere to cosisider the part which it may be proper foe him,
in a contest in which it is not seemly to be neutral, and to
exhort others whom lie may have influence to adopt that
which, upon a commetioe of its being right, lie mesas of
him.. If to remise.
" That the mottling for doing this in the most public, as
well 3, unreserved manner, has existed ever suite the day
Upon wl,,ch Goveratuent tusk measures for requiring fruit
eve, y Company's (Hficer a teat of his fidelity, it will be be-
that I can hem little doubt of Lemming t by that art
cm the part of Government, the swat universal publicity
was given to the mate of things as it existed between it nod
that portion of the army to which lam alluding. In the de-
velomment which the dictates of prudence seem spun that
day to have rendered imlispensable, the natives were eternali-
ty wchdde,l. The Native ()flirt:re of corps were convened
by authority to receive an explanMion of the measure adopt-
ml with respect to such of their Eutopean ()firers as had
declined affording the test that had been required. The
policy of reserve from an apprelieeelou oratorio seized with
that acct, and it became from that moment the proportiumate
duty ()revery friend to his couutry, by rallying round •Go-
veronwnt, to ernintervail as much as possible the roil ten-
dency of a diselosore that had taken place, and curild be uo
longer restrained.
" If 4hdividuae (the mishit:ration alluded to being effected)
are pushing their plane the the commend of Government to the
extent described, It is for this Court, exercising its legal dis-
cernment, to give to the well-disposed the sat 141.:0 lion of
knowing, ilia., if they are embarked in a conflict with their
fellow-sidemets, they are about to mmtend at least on the
side of duty, for the preservation of whatever ought to be
dear to them, in opposition to Isetrayses of their trust, em-
ploying, in the subversion of the state, the arms committed
to them for its preservation.

" Dreadful indeed is the Alternative to which Government
has beep driven, more evioecially considering the windiers
engaged in this design, for whom many a consideration will
plead; but dreadful as it is, " they who take aims against a
loafed established Government, create the necessity of all
acts reqessite to be done on the score of that G.ves notelet, In
order to repel nod subdoe them, and which, in the nature of
shier, become unavoidable fur their soppression."
" ths the other hand, those who on such ao occasion ran
make. up their moods to be iastresmental is compromising
the public authority, an evidently blind t cotooqueacea, et
sr:tooted by views quite distinct from the pnbtic good—com-
promised it could riot be without tonsil . following in-
finitely more to be dreaded than any evil to be apprehended
Isom a steady opposition to armed dinepods of GOVtlliallellt
pinsiessed of the sitcom of making it
" lontße to Ilia Alajests's corps of those °firers of the
Houvitiable CJinpany who are mike' tag to thtw duty, and to

the diserimins I i lig sense of the Native officers, the a►prehen-
siun of may great ultimate danger to the State seems to be
oohs:ding; the desperate experiment of forenig Government
▪ of substituting in effect an Aristocracy .;the worst of all
Goverimieut), in place of the one nosier which it is our hap-
piness to live, will, there is mow ragtime to hope, he defeated
without the ditlienlty that might have hems expecte•l. In
the await time, Gentlepieii, it becomes us at such a moineut
to recognise ill the acts of the Rating Power the discburge
elf extreme and painful duty. It should he remembered, that
the British Establishment in India represent the authority
of the State at home, in which their einidneinis are seve-
rally responsible It is some time ester they could Do
longer, with propriety, be considered in the limited view
of mere chartered Governments. They have stood now
fer several years on the futuolutiou of a celebrated .Act
of Parliament, defining their powers and re Intim), with
referruct to which latter, they may be I f*lrlit.,i as eat
tiunal Governments es mach as any other within the Em-
pire to which the King directly uppoilite. Agaiast such
as authority it i■ that many of ties Company's Officers
may be considered as at this inunirlit it: 41'1110, many inure
its a state of desertion tram their duty, beviog iimapaeitated
themselves from performing it, by dent • gto übide by the
tenet of their commission. In such a state of thiuge, Gen-
Heinen, is it it Cw the Government to surrender ? Distress
mielit compel it : It mist be extreme huir:rver indeed to jas-
tify a thought of the kind. If it have the means of ptotect-
ing the public aut►ority, it is its duty to exert theta fur the
purpose to the ationet.
" Gentlemen, the sentiments which upon this occasion I
wish to convey, occur in a paper I have lan. ty had occasion
to see, at, stated, that while I adorn toy Ghat ge by their Miler-
tont, I think I caunot more effectually serve the cause to
which they relate than toy offeriug them to you 04 I bud them
expressed.
" I should sincerely Lope (says the writer of it) that
there is no officer, however deluded by his passions, who to
procure redress fee his grievances, will deliberately justify
au act of resistance against the legal and established autho-
rity of Government, were they tea times as munerous as they
are represented it, be. It will not, I trust, be asserted,
that redress should be insisted upon, thomeli the COVrfOl.
meat tile): be destroyed in the attempt ; but the Officers
seem to consider themselves irrevocably engaged, by certain
pledges and promises, front whence they think they cannot
recede with honour to themselves. A promise from one
officer to another is assuredly a solemn obligation, and one
that should tmt be tightly abandoned; lint the offieers should
seriously reflect, that there are sailed pledges nod mouth..
which are antececkat sad superior to those :hat they have
given to support their present desperate u idertaking. In giv-
ing a plcdte to promote a hostile combination egainst the
Governineut, the Officer& should recollect, that they via.
late all their solemn uMigations sal suldie. a a.ul subjects—.
sou promise tu perform an illegal act can tic legal, no ea-
gngernent ought to be censiderell an bindiug, which is itself*
'notation of all honour and superior engagements...the duty
of a soldier to his superior, and of a subject to his Gwen'.
meat, is paramount to his duty to a brother officer." This
beautiful exposition of sentiments, the moot correct, comes
from an accompliehe4 offiser in the same service, the cha-
racter of which npou the coa‘d„the aril:cation of them so
severely, but so justly arraigns, sad I am happy in being em-
powered to give to them the greatest possible Cireolatiun.
"Gentlemen, there has bees averred to you, in justifica-
tion of the charge that I am delivering, nothing but
what I lease upon the best authority reason to know to be
the fact; the consequence, I should think, would in the
mind of every good subject instantaneously follow. Re-
bellion is to be discontinued and put duira-s-every attempt
to intimidate Government into the retraction of sets that
have been deliberately adopted, and may, if exceptionable,
be rectified at home, should be reprobated as trading
to the subversion of its general authority, alma the mainte-
nance of which, the peace sad preset-v.4km of society de-
pend. fu thus exhorting you, Gentlemen, lam nut under-
taking the defence of measures—Ness tali au ritio—nut only is
It impossible that !should have bad any participation in those
which have been so peneveringty resented by the great body of
the Company'rofficers epos this Estelioshnient; arid highly us.
probable, at I east,th at I should have twee consulted upon them:
bat from this scat of Truth and Justice, I take this imports.
nity of declaring, that of the occasion and grounds of t►em, I
know as much and uo more than the least informed moos,
yoonectves; but though it is sot fete one to defend measures,
theses,, principles which it is my province to Inculcate; nor
regardless of all private Interest and particular prejudices,
ran you, Gentlemen, possibly, at this moment, tender a inure
inmus tont service to your con ably, than by adopting and eu-
foreime them to co-operate in bringing back the deluded tu
their duty, and restoring to this distracted portion of the
Empire something like onion and security."

STATE 01 LUKOPE,
♦T THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE YEAR lelo.

(Coutioued from our Paper of yesterday.)

In surveying the position, resources, and facul-
ties of apparent resistance to the overwhelming
power of Bonaparte, possessed by the Continental
States of the first rank, Russia, unquestionably,
presents itself under an imposing and formidable
aspect. Alexander has not beheld, like Francis,
his capital twice entered by the enemy, plundered,
and finally dismantled. He has not been com-
pelled, after seeing his provinces ravaged and spo-
bated, to abandon all the surest sources of future
revenue, to renounce every avenue or access to the
sea coast, and to retire into the interior of Hungary
or Bohemia, Bearded by the satellites of his con-
queror. Neither, like Frederic William, has he
seen his kingdom dismembered, all his ports and
harbours closed. the industry and commerce of his
people paralired, a revolutionary adventurer in-
fested with the most precious portion of Brandeis-
burgh, and little else than a mere nominal sore.
reigoty left to its defenceless possessor. Lastly,
the Russian Czar, however subservient, ace.iiies-
cent, and intimidated, has not, like Charles IV.
basely and pusillanimoits'iy rurrendered to s faith.
less Corsican, his .eapitaL his garrison% his army.
and his person. The magnitude of the Russian
empire, its immense and incalculable means of
every kind, European and Asiatic, the valour of
its armies, and the very distance at which Nature
has placed it from France. together with the diffi-
culties of penetrating to Moscow. *ems totems and
deserts impervious even to Charles XII. as they
were found by that Prince—all these circumstances
seem, on a first glance. to point out Russia ass
State which might oppose insurmountable impedi-
ments, and might even set limits to the revolu-
tionary progress of Napoleon.
But, calculated as they are to awaken such an
expectation, they are, we fear, incapable of fulfill-
ing, or of realizing it. On a timer, and more se-
vere inspection, this vast terrestrial sass, compris-
ing so large a part of the habitable globe. will be
found to want every principle of ritabty. energy.
freedom, or successful resistance. In order to re-
mare the deceptive veil which covers the debility
of Russia, and to expose the position Dow advanced
in the clearest light. it is indispensable to define in
some measure the eaters and composition of that

empire. We shall then see iiith irresistible „..
Bence, the causes of its impotence, v hilr parr. it.,!.
ed by the insiguia and attributes of strength. if,
ponderous, unwieldy, and overgrown tubric, siNtb
extends from the Arctic Circle eunserd to Kato.
schotke, and south to the hinders of Cliiene,Tl4l.l,
Perris, and Turkey, cons:its of two distinct, !trim;
enema, and conflicting principles, physical sus
political. Alexander, like the Ottoman, Sults%
N at once au Asiatic and an European Prince. Like
them, too, he is a despot, uurestrumed by any pt,.
pular Assembly, or States, or Cortes, or Wadi..
meat, or Representative Body, that might reguist,
his authority. Nor is Constantinople more in
power of the Janissaries, than is Petersim rgh of ite
Imperial Guards. If the seraglio has beeu
with the blood of its masters, m have the palart,or
the house of Roinanow. Three Emperors in it, .
cession, Jaen, Peter 111 d. and Paul, have in It! ,
been massacres', either bye faction, or by the is.
dividuuls of their own family. Of all the throitei,
from the LOII.OIIOfUS to the Atlantic, that of Itu,sis
is confessedly the most precarious, reetdutiotur%,
and insecure. Even Bonnparte's tenure of im.cr
may he esteemsd less tinkle to. accident or sutAtr-
siou than that of Alexander.

here lies the true solution of the paradox before
us. Napoleon. who well understood it, applied ha
conducting wires to the feeble part of his adremseo
machinery. As Czar of Mageory, Alexander, liter
the defeat sustained at Friedland. might, by re.
tiring into Lithuania and Smol-nsko, have defied
the rower of Bonaparte, as Peter the Crest hsii
done, a century earlier, when attacked and tr..
railed by l'hurlos the Taelfth. The Ciir.ic.n
neither could, nor would. hare planged
the Ukraine, in pursuit of his 'enemy, he had
nobler game in view, and nearer borne, Spain sod
Portugal. But, as Emperor qf Russia, Alramultr
'ay at the mhrcy of his conqueror, and could only
escape destruction by becoming the most deicited,
abject, and seelituissive of his vassals. Let us re-
collect %he commanding attitude and eminence en
which Napoleon stood, in June, 1807, when 1,
niutte the Peace of Tilsit. The summer wns stilt
before him. From the banks of tlie lento 14
those of the Neva, he hod net above 550 r0i1.,; to
march, through the t rule plains of Courbind, L:-
roma, Esthocia, and luy„ria, along the shore 414
Baltic. Not a mountain, and scarcely a hill, :sir'
posed his progress. No magazines were wanted at
that season. All the provinces to the south of the
Gulf of Finland, and even beyond its tertninatim,
at Cronstadt, had been either conquered from the
Swedes, under the reign of Peter the First, or bail
been seized, and violently incorporated with the
Ruesian Empire, by Catherine-the Second. Evesr
one of those states was ready and ripe fee
()u the ling entrance of the French into Mit-
taw, Riga. Revel, and Nana. thole weight
have thrown off the yoke, spa hare either
separate governors, or have accepted, at Bonaparti:a
hands, whatever individual he might have thought
proper to place over them, by whatever title or de-
nomination, as Duke or King. Petersburgh, ea
open and defenceless city, could not hare resisted
for a single hour ; and Cronstsdt, though it nogLt
flpreuezwctaitluieieeinctirseitnicaeroteratt
t
ritnh
oader
by land. All the maritime possessions, therefore,
iboge Nave
arch nos; aan
ioB
of Russia, all her purrs, her harbour*, and

nterce, on the Baltic ; her capital, placed on the
Gulf of Finland ; in a word, every posseesiou
made her a constituent part and member of
the sole abject and aim of Peter the Great, would
have heels dissevered and lost. Like Austria, the
Czar would have been protruded into Muses'
and must have reigned in future, like the
viq,Pe Princes of Twer and of Novcgrod. in the
trend) and seventeenth centuries, Jolla Basilos,
and Alexis. who were hardly known to the

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