The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1819-08-05 00:00:00

YORKSHIRE ASSIZES.

lOU CASTLE, MONDAY, DULY 26. 1
CROWN SWF..
The Cost was opened at twelve o'clock, when the Grand
Jury were sworn.
After the customary formality of reading the proclama- t
time for the suppreseion of vice had been complied with,
Mr. Justice IIAYLCY delivered hie charge to the Grand
Jury. His Lordship first proceeded to make a number of
remarks uu several a the cases cunt/tilted is the calendar,
and then addressed the Jury on the present state of the
eanntry. We shall pin over the former part of the charges
cod give only that which relates to a subject of more gene-
ral iiitervat. Having gone through the different ear" his
Lordship proceeded in the foilowiug terms:—
" Having now gone through all the cases in the calendar
which seemed to require any observations, I should, is itr•
denary eacrenstancee, have forborne to have made soy ob-
servations of a core general nature ; hut seine events which
have recently occurred in this cooniy, have imposed upon
me the duty of occupying a small (and I trust it will be hut
a small) portion of your time, by some remarks un the pre-
sent situatioa of the country. Gentlemen, it is the duty of
us all, in our respective spheres, to eittleavone, if possible.
to reveal crime; and where a course of conduct has been
adopted by any individuals, which appears likely to produce
mischief, it is our ditty, by every thing we can say, and by
every thing which we can do, to cumiteract this tendency,
as the prevenliun of crime is always better than its punish.
mod. In the view which I take of these acts, lbouall I see
RI, satiated fur alarm, I feel that there is much orcseiou for
the exercise of atteutiou and vigilance, and that vigilance
should be two-fold—vigilance in preventing the rise of ilia.
affection, and vigilance its using every means to relieve the
desiress which is stated to exist in different parts of the
eessintry Of the reissence and extent of this distress, you,
Gentlemen, have abundantly better means of judging than I
east have; and, from your local residence and superior means
of information, you are much better jokes than I can be,
bodies to the causes of the evil and the brat mode of afford-
ing relief. But in whatever degree, mid to whatever extent,
distress may exist, it will be, I trust, but temporary; it
arises, I um convinced, from causes which will not affect the
permanent prosperity of the country. It will be one part
of your ditty to guard the lower el of society against
the machinations of those (who, indeed, are their greatest
enemies) who would eadeavuur to make them discontented
with their situation, whach can only tend to increase their
sufferings. It should he your endeavour, by calm and tem-
perate reasoning, to satisfy their minds, and by calling
forth their philosophy, to induce them to support their pri-
vations with fortitude and reptaniiiity. I am alluding to
the distress which has receatlyvaisted in the manufacturing
districts. We have had some parts of the country in which
considerable distress existed in the agricultural interest, but
that appears to he iu a great degree removed; and, 1 think,
there appears, Oa the part of the manufacturing pour, a die
position to bear Ilse pressure of the times with great patience
and firmness. It is a pressure which, I hope, will be only
temporary ; and the causes of it admit, as I think, of an
easy explanation. The wages of the woe kman must depend
spun the profits of the manufacturer, and the profits of the
manufacturer must depend upon the cousutnption, which
will be either a demand by Government, or by individuals,
or by foreign States. In time of war, the former is high; in
time of peace it is low; and in time of peace, the large
portion of the population, which was employed by the de-
mand occasioned by the war, and in military and naval ser-
vices, will, in a great measure, be thrown upon the country,
and create a surplies quantity of labour. With respect to
foreign trade, it may be ohservefi, that a foreign country
will never buy our manufactures if it can manufacture for
itself; because, by manufacturing for itself, it will be sup-
poi 'log its own manufacturts and maintaining its teem
poor, whereas, if that country purchased them of us, it
would he supporting our manufactures sod maintaining our
poor; which we cannot expect any foreign Slate to do. Gen-
tlemen, if I should wish to compare the state of the country
to what it was, say, thirty years ago, 1 should first look at
its population, and ifl should find that it had in d, I
should then inquire whether the increased population was as
well fed sad clothed as before. If the couutry, instead of
containkg six minim's, should contain ten, and these ten
millions should be as well fed and clothed as the six mi diem&
were, I should certainly conclude that the country was,upon
the whole, in a flourishing state; and as the demand fur
clothing most proportionally have increased, the ma-
nnfacturer will have no reason to complain. To this con-
sumption all classes of society contribute, the great the
middle class, and the pour. The great provide suitable cloth-
jog and accommodations for themselves, their is, and
their families, and the middle clam and the poor procure
clothing according to their respective situations in life; and
when this is the case, each class in society is contributiog its
share towards realising the expectations of the rnanufac•
tuner, whether he has or has nut the demand which he thinks
he has • right to expect. On this subject we may in some
measure form a jiidgment by the use of our owu eyes.
when I pass through a place, I find the people are dressed
l its a way suitable to their I situations to life, I may
reasonably conclude that there is that consumption which
the manufacturer has a right to expect. If I find that the
people are generally *ell fed and well clothed, I may also
fairly infer that the country is generally in a flourishing
slate, whatever distress may exist PI particular districts, and
that even this partial distress will be but temporary. If we
would wish further to inquire into the extent of this distress,
we may observe whether in the towns through which we
pass there ate new buildings ruing on, and whether the old
ones me in a state of gaud repair; sod if, in addition to
this, we also Rad that the population leasencreased fuem six
to ten millions, and that these ten millions are as well fed
and clothed as the six millions were, we shall have sufficient
to satisfy us, that notwithstanding the existence of partial
distress, the country is, upon the whole, in an improving and
flourishing cunditi eeee . It is also evident that cloth and other
ailieles of manufacture w ill be wanting for ten instead of six
millions, which of course must increase the demand fur our
manufactures.

" There is another idea which I would suggest to you, I
have often heard it asserted that we were rooted by taxatiott,
and that one great cause of the presesd distress was occa-
mooed by live taxation. This scents to me (though I
may possibly be iniatitken in this opinion) an erroneous con-
clusion. Let us consider to what use Ilse taxes a►e applied,
and we shall, if I mistake nut, find that the poor are mute
benefited by their capemditure, than dial •el by the quoin
which they have to pAy, as the greater part of the taxes are
paid by the rich. If we inquire bow Ilse money raised by
these 'Axes is employed, we shall find that by far the greater
part of the produce of the taxes is applied to the payment
of dividends due to the national creditors, by whom it is
expended in their subsistence, and by whom it circulates
through. all classes of society, and no inconsiderable por-
tiots of it is expended in the articles furnished by the menu-
factor. r, and of course finds employment fur the workmen
employed in the difiereitt manufactories. These •re nut
notions of my own, l received them in early lift, by read-
ing • wotk written by bonnie Jeuyits, and one written by
Mr. Pr. I; the termer treats the sulky! theoretically, Mid
by argument sheers what must he the consequence of • na-
tional el, bt, and the latter by an historical induction of
facts, sheers that these effects have been actually produced.
If a man has saved money, he naturally *Woes to find some
secure and resshy mode of investing bin savings, and if he
calmed do this in Ins own country, be will transfer it to a
foreign one; now the national debt presents a ready and
secure mode of investing surplus capital, and by this means
has a tentlestry to keep property in the country, fur alien a
prison invests his property in a foreign country, he is ge-
neralty Unloved to Whew it, and attend to its management,
sod if is had lint ht,l) for liar 1111iioual debt, it Is mobablo
that 20 millions of the m •y a hitch is now annually ex-
pended here its dividends, Intuit, have been invested and
►prat in foreign countries.
Gettilemen, its making these observations, I trust that I
have nut Meta deviating from the line of my duty; I have
horn dextrous of throwing out this idea to you, Gentlemen
of the lib 41111 Jury, and through you to the public at lenge.
1 I will eueclode with repeating my conviction, that the coun-
try is, still sit a flourishing state, that there is uo fousulattuu
fur alarm, and au aura pound fur complalut.

YARMOUTH. Auaver i.

013 t:!r colossus to the memory of Lord Nelson,
ou the Orates, i• the r•llowing; rlegaist isiscrilitiou,
which will I►e found closely trouthited beneath:—

llt)M. 110 R. NEI.VIK.
Cbtens, 'miasma; p.m eiriefis ir. Miletii Prnpurtilmeris
Itramsum dam rt I 00000 *Drams, amiumni lurta
peueerptebea or : qurm, trio mplth In omit: reei.me insig m,
ub eueriliorsm cuniassolain rt 0010milmin fortitedisie Reda.
rem, twins I non moserrim. ref,. no ol 11.41 : climates IlloM
No4.leis mount esse, et 00,41 Mn., et bun, al& prorapi4, et
pseritie i••titutimse ; imam inv:e4M, morelose.. 001m0, gl4b-
relator : lank nomini• famam, erre rt Nalco peremsiurros fa-
I wren' Cuneive• Norfoleirmme, Sumplibur Collate/ Oi-
lman; mcirueii, eumnsemorare Volurrnoi.
Natal 1413CCLVIII. Mslniam obits BIOCOLIXI. crush es fer 4
quitogrim e. 1•0400 m clam Itmlibn. venal oo io , VIC We', inter
multa, Abtrukertm AO4. INOCCICCVIII. Herniae Apr. MOCCCS.
Trerrteatue Oct. Kneeeo. qO.Ol umpremem tot pro/dare
gessurum (actual Pate he futmok, sib; dulci et deeork, mune
couseeras it .

HORATIO LORD NELSON.
Whom, as her bravest Champion, Hritais, whilst be lived,
must sedulously honoured, and when he fell, bewailed
wills triumphs in every clime distinguished, fur the vigour
of his designs, not less Than the dauntless warmth of his
courage, the terror or the world-11m Nelson, by birth,
lineage, and eduraiion; by mind, by Tabuers, and by ills-
Piloillons Norfolk proudly hoasis her own: the r•sown of
such a name, than brass and slime nonce lasting, his Norfolk
Fellow-countrymen have by this Column, erected at their
joint expense, attempted to record.
He was horn in she year 175 n, ente►ed the navy 1771, and
was in nearly 150 engagements. He gained, an ••••• gst oilier
victories, list of Abenlitir in Aufoift 1790. of Copeuhages
in April 1801, of Trafalgar in October 1003, which last of
his splendid achievements he crowned with his death, a■
event as distressing to his country, as it was honourable sod
ocicuato to himself.

EXECUTION AT BERLIN.

BEIRLIIII, JULY 23.

With feelings of heartfelt disgust and loathing we are just
returned from a public executime in the vicinity of this
town, which would have done hotrosir to those ages, when
the blazing faggot and wrenching rack spread dii.may and
ferocity muting the manners of the then ignorant 114111/441
of the North of Europe. A murder, committed five
months ago, under circumstances certainly of rather au
aggravated nature. was doomed his day to he expiated by
the death of the offender: but what a death! The eared-
tioas of the Prussian capital take place about an &w-
-hat quarter of a mile from the gate of Or■uieoburg. A
triangular gibbet is raised in the centre of an extensive
plain cummanding a view of the city ; attached to this gib-
bet is a stone platform lightly railed in with iron, so as to
admit of all that takes place being distinctly vi►wed by the
surrounding spectators. This platform is, alas! preferred
to the gibbet. A large grave was dug in the (runt of it.
We rowed the ground kept by a detachment of Prussian lan-
cers formed in hollow square, and enfiladed round the .
tion place by an inner squire of the Russian infantry guard.
About half au hour before the ■pliarance of the criminal,
twelve persons, executioners and police officers, and above
all two little boys as suistants, mounted the scaffold, snit
fixed down the strangling curds. At length the buz of the
surrounding multitude, and the flourishing of reeked sahrca,
announced the slow approach of the criminal upon an hurdle
drawn by six horses. On his approach the word of com-
mand flew through the rank., the arms presented, the drums
beat, and colours raised, until he had muusited the scaffold.
No ecclesiastic appeared then to gild the hoirurs of ete►.
nity—at those awful moments, when religion arrays herself
in her brightest robes, ■nd bids the expiring criminal sink
into her everlasting arms, with loupe, if nut wills security,
no dying and repentant prayer closed the quivering lips of
the blond stained murderer. Immediately un stepping on
the scaffold his coat wee rudely torn (tom his shoulders,
and she cap pulled over his face. He wan then thrown down,
the cords placed round his neck, which were drawn by the
executiuners until strangulation almost commenced, or at
lens; until the luxation of the neck was elf*. cod ; aneither
executioner then approached, bearing in his hands a heavy
wheel, rimmed with iron, with which he first ►washed his
lei .hones, then his stomach, then his arms and chest, and
lastly hi■ head. His 111111111g1r11 bleeding body still convulsed,
was carried down fur interment, mid in much laws than
twenty minutes, from the first beginming of his torture, the
corpse was completely covered with earth; several large
stones which were first 'brown upon him haatened his last
gasp, but be was at least a quarter of au hour iu being
mangled into eternity.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTII,AVGVIT 3.

Arrived theAbennaaad Bunion teampuo is from Halifax,
called Ith July ; Reward (late Boyd) from Jamaica; and
Hoid from Plymouth.
Plumed by fur Southampton the Gud.my.Hope, Pi.tcraon,
from Norway
Pasted up elpinnel thePl,cenix, Tbompsou, from Bengal.

Sailed the Thistle and Snapper fur the coast of Africa;
British Army, Palmer, for Quebec; Reward fur London;
and Duke of Turk, Enilaysori, for Malaga.
The Bunion spoke on 24th July the Ap Sheukiu, Park,
hum Lusadou for J•tuaica,out 53 days, all vrtil.

Deal, AIMIIVIT 9.

Arrived the Grvernor Nalkett, Justus, f Tok:neo;
Alexander. Harr, fro .I.maira ; Taut, from Si Louie;
Bacchus, Tucker, Avon :tt Walla ; and Wilberfince, Cook,
from Quit bee.
Comedown from the River and sailed the Schofield, Evans,
for Rio Janeiro ; Amity, Anderbon, for kialrfaa and Ztphyr,
Scutt, for Teneriffe.

nULL,.iticusT I.

The Horatio, Jay, from London for Kelt)), is us. shore at
Salifiret. Tl•e cargo is lautloig, sod she is tsp.:slid to It
gut ufl iu a tide or

ORA VFIIEN D. ♦COVST J.

Arrived the Princess Charlotte, Heltonldatin, (ion. Ceylon;
Sir .1. Hanka, 11..dieson ; and Aztolar, Kobiosuo, (rum
Jamaica; Jan►, bl. Clare. from Cltartrulon ; Northumberland,
Stair, Gem Nova Scotia; Herald, Stonick, Irons SI.
rent's ; Wiliam mod Alfted, Drysdale. flow Antigua ;
Tweed, Hoy, from ltiga ; and Prince Cubusg, Ladd, (rum
Rut itrliadl.

Sailed the Adriatic, Patrick; Vigilant, Malley; and Ze-
pli”., Holt. fur Pelvisburgh; Ereire, Carew, fur ILAO ;
Lapwing, Grutil, fur Smyrna; London racket, Traery, fur
Pf 1.411117 Eilyntion, Dow; awl Duke of Wrllingtun, Cur.
ruby, for klalagn; loirgrity, P.igan, fur Demerara; and
JulrrJaatje, Ililtlrr, for Estibileti.

It may be a tpiestinn, though lint purely •lui.
cultural. whether the production of extremely fat
cet►le he mole u.rlul ilian the production of is.er-
glow° gooseherliev, when one i nourished iu the
vanie ►pace which ought to !fling forth tweisty.
The expenswv, howrrrr, of the former ever the
hitter. will admit of no comparison.

We are informed by a gentleman who left Shef-
field the lag week, that in ono waggon ite raw 333
dead dogs earned nut fur interment, and '250 the
succeeding day. The skughter occurred iii comic-
querice of the late lamenisble instances of hydro.
phobia in that town, which had induced a Town's
Meeting to be convened, and a reward of 3.. each
offered fur their derdruclion. We hope the owners
of (logs in this town will, during the present but
weather, keep them confined. We ciiiinot hear of
the tnelancholy occurrences at Sheffield without
serious alarm.—(Leeds Paper.)

771 g ruR F.

-.0.
BRIGHTON RACES

tot ONDAY, =—;rsttto •zo LAST DAT s,
A Match fur bOis.
Lord Marries b. c. Ruocessoitcs best Mr. BM% br z
Lustre. Won essy.-7 to 2uo Runcer.v4tles.

The Tows/ Parse of 100 gs. added to a boli•rription of :dz•
each, for horses of all ages. The last two titil.li
Mr. Peones br. f. Murry, 4 yrs old
Mr nosiverie's ch. c. by Haphim3rd,4 yis 01.1
Mr. Walker's cit. e.l4ylvaitiss,s yrt old
The Judge placed there, sod decided that M NO., V %
wins ing horse by a fleck. A doubt esitird sin••••c ~.,., .
the by slanders, who declared that Mr. R•iitv••••••,, ch. , ~

lispisserai won, and Cliffe, the jockey, rou.ulerrd ilia!
horse was entitled to the plisse. Edwards, /.0.4
Egrem 'a R,l►rrlsil (which els. started, but %ca. and
complained of a cross made by the coder of Slt cry, in
iiurnee of which the dispute is to he settled hs oh.. Ste► 4,4
and die Club this e►euin;.—d to 4 on the 11.1oloismd (oh

- ---•
Handicap Plate of 1300. The N. w Goose.
Mr. Grime's bl r. by Jomper,4 Rrs old. 70. 1016. 2 I
Mr. %Volker's 61 Geso,3 ors old. 6.t. I 0 11
tl
Mr. Blecit's eh. m. Fanny, it yrs old, Ist 7111
Mr. Clarke's Bertha, aged, bet
• • 3 3
This fife was elmsolered to have looduced three of th...
most rrmirkably wrii.rontested hta.l tyke kamoria.-4 m 4
on the ROA apt Gem ; after Ike Rrrt heat, toe Gctn,
after the lIMOIKI heat, 2 to I un the wossier.
Match for 50es. The Nr w Cors,.

boil March's w. c. Itoutrar•llra, brat if: Ball's Ir. g.
Luatra. Wee tasy.-4 to 4 ea Ruseravalks.

WINCH ESTER RACES

THURMA'. JULY 39.--4.01311711 nav)
A Cup of Oue Hundred Guineas.
Mr. Deitne named sister to Wouvrown.s, 3 'you'd .
Mr %towns. ch. m. Charming Mu 14,6 yrs old
Mr. Dundas's b r. Pelican, 3 yes old
Mr. Rich's Blue Ruin, 3 yrs old
A most beautiful race, and iron by half a length at lb.
end —Even belting between Charming /dotty suit Rine
Ruin, sal 6 to 4 apt the winter, 'duds was noir by S. Ds),
in a superior style.

The Ladies' Plate of Fifty Pounds.
Mr. Stevens's h m. Miss Bradtry. 8 yrs *W..
Air. Gilliam'. 2' by Stirculator,3 yrsisld
Mr. I), .ier's Guhat.tot mire, aced.
Mr. Hill's sister to the KM, $ yrs Mil • .
Mr. Nuiiager's cli. no. by Granites, I yrs 1.1.1
2 to 1 'gm Sister to the Itst—ialies Brain," the is; white