The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1825-01-08 00:00:00

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retain is Liable, a rotroiedei is *ell boa 'Saab lisbed a new k
shut, title, at the had of which h.
Priestillieliarrlialsta *al
re •
vested,. by dui ,
that in the tine it Igi apaiinin Mill Is reason to exPort, 1
that asalsoble sigeelndia die Ingspoodence of Retell will are
1
OW:=00101 bY riilisga bola.
. • irelligny pawn el Pi* Ilionianalie emit
of Ilesilly, sod will A tip New Illeamilli:411::
helm's?, of • Madly dinisilie.SqlgAirriabigne
tentiary residing=isizakise ef "Clidooddo Chia,
ona•
have noised M mei tack from Goad-
male, Small Arm, NA Monica Our illioniniiii
with all these Regesa„wie atetwelly benelleial sad lastaldnitt -With
the Republic of Oilleatiga a treaty of ecimolnic has hem alinstod,
of which a copy is received, sod the original ilel4' esyssiid. A
negociatioo for a like treaty would have been essnmestel with
Buenos Ayres, had it not been prevented by lbs. indispositkra and
lamented decease of Mr. Rodney, our alinistor time; and to whine '
memory the most respeetful attention has been shown by the Go- ..
vernment of that Republic. An advantageous alteration in our
treaty with Tunislas been obtained by our Consular Agent re-
siding there, the official document of which, when received, will be
laid before the Senate.
The attention of the Government has been drawn with meat so-
' Ilcitude to other subjects, sod particularly to that relating to a
Mate of maritime war, involving the relative rights of neutral sod
belligerent in such war. Most of the difficulties which we have
sustained, since the establishment of our independence, have pro.
*seeded fromshe unsettled state of those rights, and the extent to'
which the belligerent claim has been carried against the nestral
party. It is impossible to look back on the occurrences of the lan
wars in Europe, and to behold the disregard which was paid to ow
rights oat neutral power, and the waste which- was made of our .
commerce by the parties to those wars, by various acts of their re.
synodic Governments, led under the pretext by each that die
edit had set the example, without great mortification, and a fixed'
,Pelpose never to submit to the like in future, An attempt.to re.,
canes dull woes, of possible carbine* by friendly nmonstion,
And on Jost* which should be applicable to
'mold, it was ineism viewed by nose, other than ea a
#an earnest dike l• fiimirri those relations with every Peter. I
In the lath net bitginn'lllnicyland dparn, a crisis occurred, in '
• which it sonnell peinibla that a the rontrovertible prinisiples, in-
volved inpoch wank alight be Inought'into discession, and settled
to the satisfaction of air parties! Propositions having this object
in view, have been made to the Governments. of Great Britain,
France, 'Russia, and of other powers, which have been received
.its a friendly manner by all, but as yet no treaty has been fOrmed
with either for its accomplishment. The policy will. it is presumed,
be persevered in, in the hope that it rimy be successful.
It will always he recollected, that with one of the parties to
those wars, and from whom we received those injuries, we sought
redress by war. From the other, with whose then reigning Go-
vernment our vessels were seized in port, as well as at sea, and
their cargoes confiscated, indemnity has been expected, but
has not yet been rettderaL It was under the influence of the latter
that our vessels were likes Ise seized by the Governments of Spain,
Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Naples, and from whom in-
demnity has been claimed, and is still expected. with the excep-
tion of Spain by whom it has been rendered. With both parties
we had abundant cause of war, but we had no alternative but to
resist that which was most powerful at sea, sod pressed us nearest
at home. With this all differences were seeded by a treaty founded
on conditions fair and honourable to both, and which has been so
far executed with good faith. It has been earnestly hoped that the
other would, of its own accord, and from a sentiment of justice and
conciliation, make to our citizens the indemnity to which they are
entitled, and therefore remove, from oar relations, any just cause
of discontent on our side.
It is estimated that the receipts into the Treasury during the cur.
rent year, exclusive of loans, will exceed 111,30,060 dollars, which, 1
with the sum remaining in the Treasury at the end of the last year,
amounting to 9,463,22 dollars 81 cents., will, after discharging the
current disbursements of the year, the interest on the public debts.
and upwards of l41"s.;3,011 dollars 32 cents. of the principal. leave
a balance of more than 3,000,000 dollars in the Treasury ou the Ist
January next.
A larger amount of the debt contracted eluting the late war, bear-
ing an interest of six per cent., becoming redeemable in the course
of the ensuing year, than would be discharged by the ordinary rio.
venue, the Act of 26th May, authorised a loan of 3,000,000 dol.
late, at 4i per cent., to meet the same. By this arrangement an 1
annual saving will accrue to the public of 76,000 dollars.
Under the Act of the 24th May last, a loan of 5,000.000 dollars
was authorised, in order to meet the awards under the Florida
Treaty, which was negotiated at par with the Bank of the United
States at 4i per cent., the limit of interest fixed by the Act. fly
this provision the claims of our citizens, who had sustained so great
a loss by spoliatiotis, and from whom indemnity had been so long
withheld, were promptly paid. For these advances, the public
will be amply repaid, at nn distant day, by the sale of the lands in
Florida. On the great advantages resulting from the acquisition of
the territory, in other respects, too high an estimate cannot be
formed.
It is estimated that the receipts into the Treasury during the
year 1823, will be sufficient to meet the disbursements of the year,
including the auto of 16,000,000 dollars, which is annually appro-
priated by the Act constituting the Sinking Fund, for the payment
of the pnneipal and interest of the public debt.
The whole amount of the public debt on the first day of Ja-
nuary neat, may be estimated at 86,000,000 dollars, inclusive of
°,500,000 dollars of the loan authorised by the Act of 24ith May
last. In this estimate is included a stock of 7,000,000, issued for
the purchase of that amount of the capital stock of the Bank of
the United States, and which, as the stock of the Bank still held
by the Government will at least be fully equal to its reimburse-
ment, might not to be considered as constituting a part of the
public debt. Estimating, then, the whole amount of the public
debt at 710,000,000 dollars, and regarding the annual receipts and
expenditures of the Government, a well-founded hope may be en-
tertained, that, should no unexpected event occur, the whole of
the public debt may be discharged in the course of ten years, and
the Government be left at liberty aftetwards to apply such portion
of the revenue as sway not be necessary for current expenses, to
such other objects as may be most conducive to the public security
I and welfare. That the sums applicable to these objects will be
very considerable may be fairly concluded, when it is recollected
that a large amount of the public revenue has been applied, since
the late war, to the construction of the public buildings in this
city, to the erection of fortifications along the coast, and of arsenals
in different parts of the Union ; to the augmentation of the Navy ;
to the extinguishment of the Indian title to large tracts of ferule
territory; to the acquisition of Florida; to pensions to Revolu.
tionary officers and soldiers; and to invalids in the late war. On
many of these objects the expense will annually be diminished,
and at no distant period cease on most of all. On the first day of
January,lBl7, the public debt amounted to 1113,491.965 dollars, 16
cents.; and, notwithstanding the large sums which have been ap-
plied to these objems., it has been reduced, since then, 37,446,961
dollars, 78 cents. The last of the public debt will be redeemable
on the bat of January, 1833, and while there is the best reason to
believe that the resources of the Government will be continually
adequate to such portion of it as may become due, in the interval
it is recommended to Congress to seize every opportunity which
may present itself, to reduce the rate of interest upon ovary part
thereof. The high state of the public credit, and the great shun.
dance of money, are at this time very favourable to such a result
It must be very gratifying to our fellow-citizens, to witness thi'
flourishing state of the public finances, when it is recollected that ns
burthen whatever his been Imposed %item them. 0
The military establishment, in all its branches, in the perform-
ance of the various duties assigned to each, justifies the favourable
view which watipresented of the efficiency of its organization at the
last Session. AU the appropriations have been regularly applied
to the objects intended by Congress ; and, so far as the disburse-
ments have been made. the accounts have been rendered and settled
without loss to the public. The condition of the army itself, as re.
lams to the officers sod men, in science and discipline, is highly
respectable. The Military Academy, on which the army essen-
tially rests, and to which it is much indebted for this state of im-
pmvement, has attained, in comparison with any other institution
of a like kind, a high degree of perfection. Experience, however,
has shown, that the dispersed condition of the corps of artillery is
unfavourable to the discipline of that important branch of the mili.
toy establishment. To remedy this inconvenience, eleven com-
panies have been assembled at the fortifications erected at Old
Point Comfort, as a school for artillery instruction ; with the inten-
tion, as tfiej shall be per ftetettinthessivions dodos of that sessice, to
order them to other pats, and to supply their places with other
companies, for instruction in like manner. In this mode, a corn.
piece knowledge of the science and duties of this arm will be ex-
tended throughout the whole corps of artillery. But to carry this
otticct fully into effect, will require the aid of Congress ; to obtain
which, the subject is now submitted to your consideratum.
Of the progress which has been made in the construction of for-
tificetions, for the permanent defence of our maritime frontier, ac-
cording to the plan decided on, and to the extent of the existing
appropriations, the Report of the Secretary of War, which is here-
with communicated, will gives detailed account. Their final com-
pletion cannot fail to give great additional security to that frontier,
and to diminish proportionably tlic expense of defeading it in the
event of war.
The provisions in the several acts of Congress of the last session,
for the improvement of the navigation of the Mississippi and the
Ohio. of the Barbour of Presq'ile on Lake Erie, and the repair of
the Plymouth Beach, ate in a course of regular execution ; and
there is reason to believe that the-appropriation in each instance
will be adequate to the object. To carry these improvements fully
into effect, the superintendence of them has been assigned to officers
sfShe corps of engineers.
Under the Act of the 30th April last, authorizing the President
to cause a survey to be made, with the necessary plans and esti-
mates of such mails and canals,as lie might deem of national impor-
tance, in a compere':d or military voila of view, or for the trans-
portation of the mail, a board has been instituted, consisting. of
two distinguished officers of the corps of Engineers and a disttn.
guielted.Civil Engineer, with assistants, who have been actively
employed in carrying into effect the objects of the Act. They
have carefully examined between the Potomac and the Ohio rivers;
between the latter and Lake Erie; between thc Alleghnny and the
Susquehanna; and the routes between the Delaware and the Ra-
ritan, Barnstable and Buzzard's Bay ; rut between Boston har-
bour and Narraganset Bay. Such portion of the Corps of Topo-
graphical Engineers as could be spared front the survey of the
coast, has been employed in surveying the very important route
between the Potomac and die Ohio. Considerabie progress has
been made :n it, but the survey cannot be completed until the next
season. It is gratifying to add. from time view already taken, that
there is good cause to believe that this great national object ;nay be
fully accomplished.
Itis contempleted to commence early in the next season the
fion of thc other branch of the Act, that which relates to roads, and

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I.

die survey of a rotate hem this city, through the Southern
hg New
s E the,artaGes of which cannot be too
• ii Aliimisi. of both the Corps of Eo fineer',
weld be coward Inn services, have been employed in
Viersit4 surveyingibeigialles fee the canals. To digest anion
a4jasla fee the gent specified, will require a
dollimelthastolay ef every pot our Union, and of the relation
Oren& poet le idle ahem. gad of pill to the seat of the General
Groffessesit. Per Web a algae le-will be necessary that the
kikillinikla lie GAL minute, With a view to these
leipeelosit'elfeete. I submit to consideration of the (,Mn-
Voilfzeryllo "Issfsiest of eshiegieg both the Corps of Engineers,
t _ • 41111_ seal. It need scarcely be re-
eineisel sew lag Isr:erig:eiteively those Corps are en-
In tit. begereeseee of their country, in the execution
rem! of Cower% and in ale of the States, in such
liireeleiteeesers se Ile beyeaddlest limit., when such aid is desired, the
lbagebe the Abet wilt ba, in many views, of which the subject is
weleeptible. Ilyiwelifing eitbeir science the works will always be
IPA atemted, sad by given( to the oßiteessnich employment. our
Union win Swivel& she advantage% peace as well as in war, from
limb Ideas sad eiewbas, which they can afford. In this mode
=ereettlltaey wilt be inmep*ated with the civil, and un-
told hAkerktoseNeskkifiews dub prejudices of every kind be
.Earawl.- Te tie- Pepe depeeeities, this service cannot fail to be
wiEI; date, by the knowledge they would thus acquire,
be esileateUy better qualiikafin the event of war, for the
/at pewit., far obi* they were %agitated.
ef lumilm with tiro albeit within our limits, have not
bile wandany abeeged &win Op le!. The hostile disposition
Pima 61 Zilis a 1 tit Melieuri., during the last year, still
teeibrese, bee MOM' be *gee degree to those on the Upper
illiebelpgi and die Uffbelteekee. Several parties of our citizens
=heali pkeilsoul sod utardered. by those tribes. In order to
11111111111111 of Mob/ship with them. Congress at the last
Samseedd apperiattem for treaties with them, and for the
' . of • guisbot military escort to accompany and
tie CemoliNesera on eter gimps appointed for the nev-
e/seine. Ilia abgeeeftireee flitted. The season was too
made, and the distance
tone*r. bus
A lie will esetixoespilais it at an early period
cr...1111111.111 tONIIII4
Belleeleg dui cis Milky of the tribes, particularly on the
Upper Mialisetppi end the lakes, is in no small degree owing to
the war wilieb bi tarried ea between the tribes residing in that
quarter, eanaseues ave bate taken to bring about a general peace
among dim, which, if successful., will not only tend to the
security of see citizens, but be of greet advantage to the Indians
themselves. With the exception of the tribes referred to, our re.
lotions with ell the others are on the most friendly footing ; and it
affords me great satisfaction to add, that they are making steady
advances in civilization and the Improvement of their condition.
Many of the tribes have already made great progress in the arts of
&Mated life. This desirable result has been brought about by the
humane and persevering policy of the Government, and particu-
larly by means of the appropriation for the civilization of the
Indians. Then have been established, under the provisions of
this Act, thirty-two schools, containing nine hundred and sixteen
scholars, who were well instructed in the several branches of lite-
rature, likewise in agriculture and the ordinary arts of life.
Under the appropriation to authorize treaties with the Creek and
quabaw Indians, Commissioners have been appointed, and nego-
mations are now pending, but the result is not yet known.
For more full information respecting the principle which has been
adopted for carrying into effect the Act of Congress authorizing
surveys, with plans and estimates for canals and roads, and on
every other branch of duty incident to the department of war, I
refer you to the Report of the Secretary.
The squadron in the Mediterranean has been maintained in the
extent which was proposed in the report of die Secretary of the
Navy of the last year, and has affOrded to our commerce the ne-
cessary protection in that sea. Apprehending, however, that the
unfriendly relations which have existed between Algiers and some
Of the Powers of Europe, might be extended to us, it has been
thought expedient to augneent the farce there, and, in consequence,
die North Carolina, a ship of the line, has been prepared, and will
sail in a few davit to join it.
The force employed in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the neigh-
bouring seas, for the suppression of piracy, has likewise been lire.
served essentially in the state in which it was during the last year.
A persevering effort has been mule for the accomplishment of that
object, and much protection has thereby been afforded to our corn-
merce, but still the practice is far from being suppressed. From
every view which has been taken of the subject, it is thought that
it will be necimsary rather to augment than to diminish our force
in that quarter. There is reason to believe that the piracies new
complained of, are committed by bands of robbers who inhabit the
land, and who, by preserving good intelligence with the towns,
and seizing favourable opportunities, rush forth and fall on unpro-
tected merchant vessels, of which they make an easy prey. The
pillage thus taken they carry to their lurking places and dispose
' of afterwards at prices tending to seduce the neighbouring popula-
tion. This combination is understood to be of great extent, and
is the more to be deprecated because the grime of piracy is often
attended with the murder of the crews, these robbers knowing, if
41Y iurvired, their lurking places would be expuseci, and they be
caught and punished. That this atrocious practice should be car-
tied to such extent, is cause of equal surprise and regret. It is
presumed that it must be attributed to the relaxed and feeble state
of the local govervienents. since it is not doubted, from the high
character of the Governor of Cubs, who is wellinown and much
respected here, that If be had the power he would promptly sup-
preys it. Whether those robbers should be pursued on the land,
the local authorities be made responsible for these atrocities, or
any other measure be resorted to, to suppress them, is submitted
to the consideration of Congress.
In execution of the laws for the suppression of the slave trade, a
vessel has been occasiormlly sent from that squadron to the coast of
Africa. with orders to return thence by the usual track of the
slave-ships, and to seize any of our vessels which might be en-
gaged in that trade. None have been found, and it is believed that
none are thus employed. It is well known, however, that the trade
still exists, under other flags.
The health of our squadron, while at Thompson's Island, has
been much better during the present than it was the last
season. Some improvements have been made, and others are
contemplated there, which, it is believed, will have a very salu-
tary effect.
On the Pacific our commerce has much increased; and on that
coast, as well as on that sea, the United States have many important
interests, which require attention and protection. It is thought
that all the considerations which suggested the expediency of
placing a squadron on that sea, operate with augmented force, Inc
maintaining it there, at least on equal extent.
For detailed information respecting the state of our maritime
force on each sea, the improvement necessary to be made in either,
in the organisation of the naval establishment generally, and of the
laws for its better government, I refer you to theßeport of the Secre-
tary of the Navy, which is horewith communicated.
The revenue of the Post-office department hiss received a consi-
derable augmentation in the present year. The current receipts
will exceed the expenditures, although the transportation of the
mail within the year has been much increased. A Report of
the Postmaster-General, which is transmitted, will furnish, in de.
tail, the necessary information respecting the administration and
present state of this department.
In confoemity with a resolution of Congress of the last Session,
an invitation was given to General Lafayette to revisit the United
States, with an assurance dint a ship of war sheluld attend at any
port of France which heomight designate, to receive and convey
him across the Atlantic, whenever ft might be convenient Pie
him to sail. lie declined the orer of the public ship from
motives of delicacy, but assured nie that he had long intended,
and would certainly visit our Union in the course of the present
year. In August last he arrived at New York, where lie was
received with the warmth of affection and gratitude to which his
very important and disinterested services and sacrifices in our
revolutionary struggle, so eminently entitled him. A come-
sponding sentiment has since been manifested in his favour
throughout every Portion of our Union, and affectionate invite.
tions hove been given him to extend his visits to them. To
these he bas yielded all the accommodation in his power. At
every designated point of rendezvous, the whole population of
the neighbouring country has been assembled to greet him ;
among whom it has excited in a peculiar Internet the sensibility
of all, to behold the surviving tneinhers of onr revolutionary
comeet.sivil and military, who had shared with him in the toils
and dangers of-the war, Mary-St fliernin a decrepit' sane. A were
interesting spectacle, it Is believed, was never witnessed, because
none could be founded on purer principles, none proceed from
higher or more disinterested motives. That the feelings of those
who had foright and bled with hini, in a common cause, should
have been much excited, was natural. There are, however, circum-
stances attending them interviews, which pervade the whole coin-
niunity, and touched the breasts of every age, even the youngest
among us. There was not an individual present who had not some
relative who had partaken in those scenes, nor an infant who had not
heard the relation of theni. Hut the circumstance which was most sen-
sibly felt, and which his presence brought forcibly to the recollection
of all, was the Mlle lin which we were engaged, and the blessings
which we have derived from Our success in it. The struggle was fat
independence and liberty, public and personal, and in this we sue:
seeded. The meeting with one who had borne so distinguished *
part. in that great struggle, and from such lofty and disinterested
motives, could not fail ~to affect profoundly every individual,
of every age. It is natural that we should all take a deep interest
In his future welfare, as we do. His high claims on our Union are
felt, and the sentiment universal that they should be met in a ge-
nerous spirit. Under these impressions, I invite your attention to
to the subject, with a view, that regarding hls very important
services, losses, and sacrifices, a provision may be made and tens
tiered to him, which shall correspond with the sentiments, and be
worthy the character of the American people.
In tnrning our attention to the condition of the civilized world, to
which the United States have always taken a deep interest, it is gra.
tilting to see how large a portion of it is blessed with peace. The '
y wars which now exist within that limit, are those between
Turkey and Greece, in Europe, and between Spain and the new
Governments, our neighbours, in this hemisphere. In both these
ware, the cause of independence, of liberty, and humanity, con-
tinues to prevail. The success tie Greece, when the relative popu-
lation of the contending parties is considered, commands our ad.
voiration and applause, and that it has had a similar effect with
the neighbouring powers, is obvious. The feeling of the whole
civilized world is excited, in a high degree, in their favour. lila,
we not hope that these sentiments, winning on the hearts of their
respective Governments, may lead to a more decisive result, that
that they may produce an accord among them, to replace Greece
an the ground which she formerly held, and to which her heroic
exertirms, at this day. so eminently entitle her ?
With respect to the contest, to which our neighbours area party,