The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser.
London, England, 1821-02-28 00:00:00

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ORO TSB niTuroirerWew SOUTH WALES.
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inbn Oxley, IE.o. Surveyor.
''f al Claittal-of theTAnitory. Lonchn, MO.)
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The British colonists in New South Wales
were timacquainted with the count ty which lies
sweat of Sydney, and beyond the Blue Moun-
tains, which wire deemed impeatalele until the
year 1813, when M . Lawson, 111sxlasid, and
Wentworth, attempted a pismge across theme formi-
dable harriers, iu hopes of discovering additional
pasturage for the cattle of the colony, then ru tiering
severely from long-continued drought. These gen-
tlemen made a considerable progress westward;
and their frvoutable report of the country induced
Governor Macquarie to send Mr. Evans to make
farther discoveries, who penetrated about 100 miles
westward in • very fine, clear, well-watered
country. A road was imniediafely commenced, and
'carried over the tsioutetmina and through the whole
line of the new discoveries ; which arduous under-
taking was completed in 1813. The indefatigable
Governor then 'proceeded In a 'seminal survey, mid
eiscaniped on 4th May, 1814, on Bathurst Plains,
near • the termination of Mr. Gratis', journey,
where he selected a site for a town to he denominated
Bathurst. The adjacent country is a rich tend fertile
• soil, abundantly watered liv a fine river called the
Macquarie. Fifty thousand acres of lend, clear of
timber, are widths ten nide. of this site, erne hell of
which linty he considered excellent soil for cultiva-
tion : there is also a sufficiency of ordpioiry timber.
His Excellency next dielattched Mr. Evans wills a
party, furnialsed with a twiritle`o provieions, tin es-
plare the country to the sotitlwwest ; the rrswlt of
which journey led to the more ',chplet reaearches
coafided to the direction of John Oxley, Esq. Stir-
veyor•Genenil of the Territcry. The chief abject
was to ascertain the real course or general direction
of the Lachlan River, which reins writ f Rs-
' tiniest, and, as et was expected, would be fumed
to fall into the sea on the S.W. cols' of Australia,
bet wee,, Spencer's Gulf and Cape Ot way.
By Mr. Oxley's report, dotted August 38, 1017,
appears that he foruid the river tertnimated about
.500 miles west of Sydney, in a vast expanse of
marshes filled with rcede, rendering further pro-
rews westward equally impracticable and mettle.
expedition then took • northerly course iii
search of the Macquarie River, which they sue-
okedril in discovering, running in a N.W.
lit a rich mid piciumelltse coautiy; and their
provisions being exhatialill, :they returned east-
wardly to Bathurst, kieptiag near the Macquarie.
In June 1318011 r. Oxley woo again sent with a
party to explore the coarse oldies Mae quarie. This
river was also follied to terwlinatt in reedy marshes,
precht‘img the possibility of farther piogrem ; but
Mr. Oxley thinks there phenomena stsurigly iodic*-
, live of the existence.ol au Wood sea. Thisjaaation
of waters, or the point where the filaequarie ceases
to have the form of a river, is in lat. 30. 45. S. awl
long 147. 10 E. From that point the expedition
pursued au easteily Connie for the arm-coast, across
marshes, bur, and quicksands, fur about 300
Mlles, when th-y arrived in a rich and beautiful
country, and afterwards at a range of lofty moms-
tatime, from which they discerned the ocean at
distance of fifty rude*. They had also the gra-
tification to find that they Irmo near the source
of • large stream running to the sea. On descend-
ing the mountains they followed the course of this
river, which they denominated' the Hastings, and
found it increased by many accessions, mold they
arrived on the beach, near the eistrance of the port.
which received it.

This inlet is situated in lat. 31. 25. 45. S. rind
long. 152. 53. 54. E. and had beta previously
noticed by Captain Flinders, but from the distance
at which he was necessarily obliged to keep from
the coast, lie did slot discover that it had a naviga-
ble entrance ; of course the insist anxious atientioti
was directed to this important point ; mid al-
though the want of ti beat ►etwlrrtd the manna--
timi as to the depth of water in the channel in-
complete, yet there appeared to be at low water
at least three fathoms, with a safe though nar-
row entrance between the sand-rollers on tither
hind. [living uscertaiord thus far, and that
by its menus the tine rousdry on the banks,
and in the oreighboarhond of the river, might he of
future service to the colony, Mr. Oxley named it
Port Macquarie, in honour of I►ie Excellency the
Governor, as the original promoter of the rape-
di •iou.
Port Mirquarie is situated to the N. E. of Port
Jackson, from whence it is distant about '2,20 mil-s.
Mr. Oxley was isistrur.ed to proceed in the Lady
Nabors to examine the elltrithee. which be did in
company with I.ieut. king, of his Majesty's cut-
►er the Mermaid. They found it to hr a bar kit.
boor, on which howcrer tilt re is at low water
spring tides, at leilat oiine fret; ►he title rising from
three to four feet. TI true ehauntl• iii per fret ty
hi might, and the tides set so, that us slangyr is to be.
apprehended from their operation. The chief dap--
ger to be avoided on entering is a sunken rock on.
the south aide, having about three feet on it at low
water ; and it will be necessary, should the port be
settled, that this danger should be buoyed. The bar
extends about two Ii Ir.ol yards ; the bottom a
►oft sand when the water deepens to two fathoms
mild a half, and alterwitcly to three fathoms, when
S. cure anchorage will he found inside the Beacon
Rork.
,I When ve.sels arrive off the bar, should the wind
or title be i.dcrrse to entering thrport, good atichoi.-
i..,,e will be fouod in from five to eight I.:dhows
outside the bar; Tacking Point being *hut in by
Peaked Ilill Point. When the winds are lions die
south, round by the west to north, the bottom a
clear snort.
The winds from north-east and south-east, if
blowing rtrolig, cause the water to break across:
but as those wind. are fair for entering, no danger
is to he appreherided to vessels whoie drift of water
does riot exceed nine or ten feet. Should, however,
circumstances render it imprudent or imprectia
cable to enter, the coast may be cleared ow either
tack, the indenture of the coast line not being such
as to cease it ever to be a dangerous Ire-shore.
The port should be entered at or near high
water, when, unless it blows very hard. it seldom
breaks on the bar. The tide of ebb runs with
great rapidity, sometimes Dearly four miles per hour,
twin t• the great quantity of fresh water in the

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Hustings niezr, end the earrownrst of tree chin.
gel. The flood-tide esera4l one mile
and three quarter. per hour. The tides are, how-
ever, very irregular in their operation, being coasi-
dembly influenced by local circumstances,. The
port is perfectly callable of receiving weasels of the
classa•w.lly.we the, yaw• of this tern-
to y ; and is, in Mr. Oxley's opinion, far better
and safer than messy cu .sidersfile bar harbours in
F.urope ; mid winch are much frequented by vessels
adapted to their navig.itinn.
Within the port the water deepens to five and ins
fathoms, which depth continues for 'merit- ten
miles, when the rapids of the river render it im-
practicable fur craft drawisng more than rut or eight
feet ; whirls depth continues fir six or eight miles
Wilier. whets the falls columence ; it may, how-
ever, whets the river is ordinarily hill, be navigable
fur boats mine little distance farther.
These curvets were attended with mod' dim_
culty and danger. Several horses died of fetigue,
and the whole party auffere.l severely at times. Much
of the country is bog and marsh; whsle in other
parts, no water is to be (..und for easily :Pintoes : the
mountains are very high and precipitous; the roresto
almost impervions, time firm ground usually, over-
grows. with atuliberri fern end InrtNslnvoo 1. To
to these difficulties they were frequently aunoyeil
by parties of the moiety, by whom one wan woo
dangerously wounded. These "vexes exist its the
wildest stud mod ignorant state : they adhere to
the more elevated lamas, cud ore very ;comity sup-
plied_ son's hood. A' tumulus over Ate grave of
some distingundied person anocrogst site,,, was found
overfill! Lachlisis River. It is- thus described in
the journal :
" Almost directly under the hill near our hslt-
ing-place we saw is stimulus, which was apparently
of recent construction (*HIM, a year at moat). it
would seem that some per-oir s.f cosietderatiou ausoug
the rustlers had been buried io it, fr..in the exterior
'narks of a form which hail certainly he-ii observed its
the construction of the tomb and surto ttttt hug isent.re
The form of the whole was semicircular. Three-
rows of seats occupied one half the Reeve, and
an outer row of arum the other ; -the seats formed
segments of circlearif fifty, forty-five, and forty feet
eircli, and were formed by ilia 9011 being trenched
up from between them. The centre part of the
grave was about five feet hie, and about nine long.
forming nn oblong pointed cone.
" I hope L shall nut lie considered as either wan-
tonly dasturliino she remains of the deed, or need-
lessly violating the religious rites if an harmless
' people, in having caused the tomb to be opened, &it
we might Cl.llllllt its interior construction. The
whole outward form, and appearance of the Plate
WI. an tinnily d.fierent from that of any cartons
or ceremony in use t( the natives on the eastern,
eoa.t, where the hotly is to rely covered with w
piece s-f bark. and buried in a grave about four
feet deep, that we tette induced to think that the
manner of interring she body might also be different.
—Qtr removing thesoil from (vie end of the tumu-
los, and about two feet beneath the solid surface of
the ground, we came so three or four layers of
wood, lying across the grave, serviug as au arch
to bear the weight of use earthy cunt or tomb
above. Qn removing one end of those layers, sheet
after sheet ciT dry Inds was taken out, then dry
grass and leaves na a perfect suite of peeservation.
the wet or damp baring apparently never
penr-
traced even to the first covering of wood. We were
obliged to suspend oar operations for the night, as
the corpse became extremely offensive to the smell,
resolving to remove on the marrow all the earth
from the top of the grave, and expose it for some
time to the extend air before we searched farther.

" July 30.—This morning we removed all the
earth from the tomb and grave, and found the body
deposited about four feet chep iu an oval grave
four feet I.Am,, and from • iv,liteen inches to two
feet wide. The feet were bent quite op to the
head, the arms having been placed between the
thigh,. The face way downwards, the body being
placed east and west, the heed to the east."

Oa Moeda!, the 44101 hoc the Lady of Richard Retichatatto
Ikea, E.q. of a doagbier, at bis bonne to Albevaark-alreet.
MARRIAGE.
At Park, on the ilith tastaat, at the Church of P. Ger-
main lie. and afterwards at the lictltsts Emhass,,
Hach O'Cuaatte, Esq. of Moottijoykquare, Dublin, to
Wtoehed. youngest 'longish', of Chitties brown Musty.,
Esq. of Eititheittto, to the county ut Oxford.

DEATH. •
On Monday, at his bowie in Orronshire-place, Sir Charles
William Rolm Boughton, Rart. of Downion Halt, is the
count)' of Salop, and Roane Lench, Irincestershire.

HIGH WATER THIS DAT AT LONDON BRIDGE.
\turnips 44 after W. I Emilie; natter 11.

" nominee pagins antra papa."
" Our page relates to men."-31•11TtaL.
Just published, prawns. In boards (rifleman Edition),
/111-JE &GIS of LIFE ; n Nllll•Medlelit COW-
wrientery eta the indisermions striate". from Mama
Frailty, in %%Web the Canna, Symptom?, and bank! F.f..
feels of Lames Venerea, Guntur, hie t. Stri et ure,l4eawisai Week-
near, at. are fully developed ; Part 11. entities sons re-
marks on certain Female Compinitits, in pertinent Steri-
lity; Part lit. meltraces Practical Observation ota Sexual
Debility, Self Abase, and Menial beatifies, with some in-
teresting observations on vegetable •na animal life; is Part
11'. is • Series of Casts iiltl.llnttve of the reemliag snbjects,
• aplaising them in a fAmiliar maniere, and the %thole fi .
dressed to the Youth and M3illfiiy of nth SOWS. By CrOSS
cud Co. Consulting Surgeons, Loudon.

MOW, heath.
Owinibus rase di (lit, si gals cornmeal( 'III....CLAW:4AL
Since Hearts to all the fond of bliss supplies
Its frugal applies" ion oral Ire the mac."
May be had at 10, Paternoster-row ; 59. Pall-nisi! ;
41, Piceadilty; 18, Prince.-street, bib° ; 32, Fleet.streel
174, Fleet-street ; 40, West S blield; 98, Cliespard'"
Lumina ; &curator avid Co , &aka and Co, Norwich
R. Dee!, Ipswich ; Barrett and Duffield, Bath ; Mbeppard.
Bristol ; Hatt, Cambridge ; Headily, Ueda ; and at sit
Bookseller..
Messrs. GOSB and Co. are to he enorolted, as essit4evary
day, at their baser ; and Patients in the Country an re-
quested to describe minutely the ease, enclosing a emit-
*maw filr Advice and Medicine, which can be forwarded to
any pare of the Wirrld.
0088 and Cu. Rl. R. C. Surgeons, 11, Botreric-streetr
Fleet sorest, London.

Pruitt*/ sail rebliatted at Tat BuTlso Paves awl Ter
GLOSS Oafs. Yo 111, litraaft, b 7 C CirlltrtV6l I •
If the litres&

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