Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-07-02 00:00:00

-NEW MoDs OF NAVAL WARFA:4g.7-The Times gives
long desorision of the new ircn,steam ram, which, it
float next June. rier• total length will
.be

tOIIRRIUMS IN PARIS.— Galignani records
two cases w'aielt show that life and property are not over-
safe in, Paris :—A native of India, who gave his name Ali,
and represanted himself as an aide-de-canip to the Prince
of Oude, appeared, before the Tribunal of Correctional Police
to complain,of a. man named Banda, for attempting to rob
him. His story, told in his native language, but interpreted
to the court, was. that, late one night, as he was taking a
stroll, by. inoonliglit on the boulevards, he was accosted by
' the prisoner, who, as he understood, asked him for money.
He answered' that he had none togive, whereupon the man,
PUBLICANS AND BEERSELLERS CASES,
making some observations, snatched at a valuable gold chain
BEFORE 14ESSRS. AMIN AND ANDERSON. Islllol he wore round his neck. But a police patrol, on
Mr, Emile Barandon, publican, Lime-street, was sum-
hearing the cries he raised, hurried up and took the
that, at half-past eleven o'clock on Monday
moned for permitting drunkenness. Inspector Dodd stated,
last, his attention was called to the house of the , prisener into custody. The tribunal, finding that the man
had been condemned before for robbery, sentenced him to
night two years' imprisonment and five years' surveillance of the
police,—As an old gentleman of property, living in the
defendant, on account of a great uproar that Nas 'mane do Neuilly, was walking by the side of the river in
dping on inside. When he went inside he found two men the Bois de Blulogne, about ve o'clock, he was suddenly
runk, and fighting. The place was in great confusion. knocked down by a man behind him, and stabbed several
On going further in found sixteen prostitutes sitting, drink- times with a knife, after which the man tore from his neck
ing. In reply to Mr. Snowball,M
who was engaged for the a gold watch and chain of the value of at, and ran away.
defendant, the inspector stated that the barman was coming
per-
round the counter to put the men out, when 11 (the inspee- sons to the spot ; and whilst some of them, headed by one
tor) was going in. Chas. Frances, the barman, was oalled, The Cries of the old gentleman soon attracted several
of the keepers of the wood, went in pursuit of the thief. the
and stated that he was in the act of getting the men out others conveyed the gentleman to a restaurant at the Porte
when the inspector came in. Other evidence was given to Maillot. The thief was captured shortly after in a thickpt,
show that tho men had been refused drink. r
I-
he case was of brushwood. When taken, his hands were found to be
dismissed.
Joseph Henry Priest, publican, Mill-street, was sum- d tho
guilt. He represented himself to be a groom, and sal b
an,
monad for permitting drunkenness on Sunday night, the he bad only been in Paris a fortnight. The gold w"..
lash nit. Inspector O'Brien said he board a great noise, Itained with blood, and he made no attempt to deny his
chain could not bo found. The wounds of the gentleman_..e
and on going inside the house he found four men and one though grave, will hot It is believed, place his lo
Woman. Threc of the Ilell., vferc drunk, and one of them danger,

says, wilt I
380 feet

58. feet breadth ; total weight at. sea, about 9,000
tons ; fall speed, sixteen miles . an. hour. About 220
feet of the broadside of the`vessel will be of • teak,
twenty-four inches thick; this. will be covered by
armour plates 41 inches thick on the deck. The rant will
be armed- with 36 Armstrong,s gams, each throwing a 100
lb: shot• ever a range of six miles. The ram will run. down
ships.by driving straight at themat, full speed. If she only
does.one half of what may fairly bo anticipated front her,
she will be cheaper to the nation than a dozen sail of the
line, The post of the hull will be about £200,000 ; the
engines about £75,000 ; and her- fitting for sea about
£320,000.in "
upon the favouraNie state of the •sevenn%
The situAtion of England at this
mount not long since rendered

fAc5-kOOO mor

Comm

he Times observes

moment reminds us of

araship Cadiz, surprised by a circling typhoon in.
the Eastern Seas. She was.surrounded by the tempest ; but
in the very centre, where,her course lay, there was a little
area of absolute ctiltn., She could see the, storm mist
rushing all around her ; fish and sea-weed and pieces of
wreck from less happily placed craft, raised by the whirl-
wind, were cast upvta her deck ; yet. so long as she kept
within the circle, uct,a,brecoh of wind touelie& her, and not
a wave heaved mrder,her. She neglected 119 precaution and
made every preparation, but she waited, ar d. when the crisis

came, follo-winEthe known rules of seamanship, she ran out
of the storm, and was tho sole survivor ia*those seas of that

'day's gOneral,wrpel

for the defence statbd that the horse was not worked on the
day in question. On being examined by Mr. Aikin, the
witness hesitated, and gave uonfused evidence. Mr. Henry
Gibb, veterinary surgeon, said the rawness arose from the
hot weather and-change of diet. Mr. Aikin spoke in strong
terms against the defendant for bringing a boy into court
to state an untruth, and said he would in consequence impose
the highest penalty allowed by law, which was 40s and
costs. Samuel Berrington, Park-lane,- was fined 2s 6d and
costs for having worked a horse in Prescott-street.

A POPULAR HISTORY

WORKI

&DIME

3SED 1

AND PROGRESS-SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

PART SIXTH,

CHAPTER THIRD

CAUSES OF THE IMMORAL STATE OF SOCII

DITAINC

THE EARLY PART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

THE SUBJECT OF INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL EDI

CATION CONSIDERED,

If we seek for the causes of that depraved and
licentious condition of morals existing in the
eighteenth century which I have referred to in the
two previous chapters, we shall find them first in
the absence of religious restraint. Of practical
Christianity there was none, or little that, by its
terrors, or obligations, imposed restraint on men's
actions. We may be certain of this when we find a
bill which was brought into the House of Peers, in
1721, to suppress blasphemy and profaneness allowed
to drop, because one lord apprehended that it would
promote persecution, another that it was repugnant
to scripture, and others that they desired to •be at
liberty to speak and act as they saw fit. It was on
this occasion that the Duke of Wharton pulled an
old Bible out of his pocket to controvert some of the
doctrines _of the bishops. Such mockery and irre-
verance as this implied anything but the existence
of a practical Christianity.
A second cause may be found in the absence of a
. .

high moral standard in any class. How could it be
otherwise, when the Royal court itself was not pure
when princes lived in open concubinage, by which
public immorality was kept in countenance, and
when even church dignitaries did not disdain to
watch the politics, and profit by the favour, of the
predominating mistress of the day.
The third, and perhaps greatest cause of licentious-
ness and crime, was in the low intellectual standard
of the age. Material and abstract science had made
considerable:progress ; but the more available litera-
ture of common life—that which purifies the heart
and forms the manners—had scarceh

an existenc

Even the_ salutary lessons of Addison,

Steele, and

the education- of all classes was sadly defective and
inefficient. We have seen the kind of education
considered necessary for people of rank ; and perhaps
they had been better without it, for it was an educa-
tion in manners, not in conduct or actions—in
names, not in things and principles. But the
labouring classes had scarcely any education at all
—they had not _become an object of intellectual
tee it was impossible to expect
virtues which then
learned to 'understand and value

and ii

never

tion unworth

lonantv

__ _ no tendency to render their possessor tither more
OP TIM virtuous or happy. Take the legal classes, medical
practitioners, and mercantile men, who are mostly
G CLASSES. tolerably endowed with such information ; and can
THE WORKING CLASSES it be said that we find among them purer and more
EMSELVES, disinterested conduct, the natural affections stronger,
more humanity, patriotism, and self-denial ? In a
word, are they, as citizens, more valuable than those
whose knowledge hardly extends beyond the
catechism and prayer-book, or the inheritance of a
few traditionary, maxims of life ? Unless, therefore,
education includes morality as well as science, it
cannot be said efficiently to operate either as an
instrument or preventive of crime. It is simply an
' engine of power ; and, whether directed to the useful
• or hurtful, must depend on impulses derived from
' other sources. By morality, it is almost unnecessary
to explain, is not meant that which precludes, but
augments enjoyment—being, in fact, little more than
prudence, teaching us to shun whatever is hurtful to
ourselves or our fellow-creatures.
The error of many popular teachers consists in a
vain attempt to render that knowledge universal
which, from its own nature and the wants of society,
cannot, and need not, be more than limited or class.
acquirements. They aim too high for the common
mind ; they overlook the iron necessities which fix
the lot of those for whom they generously toil, and
seek to realise what is desirable, rather than that
which is attainable, or perhaps practically useful. It
is only the results of knowledge, not thb steps of
investiga.fion by which they have been obtained,
that can be made familiar to the general mind.
Habits of forethought, order, and reflection
precepts derived from experience, often repeated and
strengthened by example, form the basis of popular
instruction. Sobriety, control of temper, courtesy
and humanity in mutual intercourse, cheerful and
agreeable demeanour, are virtues in every class, but
more especially so among the poor, whose-closer
union in workshop and cottage, and less poser of
I separation, render them in constant requisition:- .A
deeper philosophy than this may be necessary to
some ; but to the bulk of the community it is incom-
patible with their social state, nor. would its attain-
ments compensate them for the' sacrifice necessary
to its acquisition. Such a doctrine as this may not,
perhaps, be either popular or elevated ; but it is
probably near the truth, and at least practicable..
My purpose, however, is not to depreciate intellectual
acquirements, but merely to separate the grain from
the chaff of science. A taste for knowledge of --

tunas rewards itself, and no one can be in error in its
cultivation. But it would be practising a mis-
chievous delusion on the working classes, to hold out
the hope that popular education is meant solely as
an instrument of ambition or personal aggrandise-
ment. No such thing, I apprehend, is intended by
its advocates. Society is such—it has always been
such and, so far as human penetration can reach,
will long continue such—that a great portion of
mankind are doomed to move in the humbler walks
of life. But though knowledge is neither an unfailing
stepping-stone to riches nor power, nor perhaps virtue,
it is assuredly the most trustworthy help to personal
independence and happiness. It cannot be•supposed,
for instance, that a person, master of the popular

information which enables him, topreseive his health,
to take care of his property, and to guard against
the committal of immoral practices, would not be

more likely than another ivithout such aid to' be
successful in life. Would he not be more likely to
be happy as an individual—a better husband, father,
workman, and companion ? Knowledge, I repeat, is
the eve of the mind; and to suppose- any one can
pass through life as well without as with it, is to

suppose the blind can wend their way as well as
those who see. Without knowledge personal free-
dom is an affliction ; and as a child is better under
the care of parents than left to itself, so a man born
in slavery would be more likely to be guaranteed
from want and misery by the forethought of his
Superior, than an uninstructed freeman unprovided.
with the intellectual culture which apprises him. of
the circumstances influencing- his social condition:
It has often been remarked that statues lie hid in
blocks of marble ; and what sculpture is to a block
of marble, education is to the human understanding:.
The greatest and most useful characters —the poets,
legislators, philosophers, and moralists—are often
concealed in plebian shapes. and require to be
unearthed and brought to light by the revealirrg
power of mental culture.

These articles being Copyright, the Author reserves to hi;
the privilege of further publication or translation.]

WAR, HORRID WAR!
TO THE EDITOR OE THE NORTTIERN TIMES

Sir,—Education and accomplishments, according to
the, fashion of the world, is all a farce. The despots
of Europe, who are slaughtering thousands ofimages
of Almighty God, in these days, boast of their edu-
cation and accomplishments —yes, and of their
Christianity also! If I mistake not, the despots in
question are members of the same church. Of course,
no true Christian would ever think of murdering his
fellow-creature. From this day, I shall call the
blood-thirsty despots in question accomplished bar-
barians. Is it not wonderful, that devils are
infinitely superior to men ? Devils don't slaughter
each other, as the human family do,—oh, dear, no
they are a compact, happy, united family, and are
not such fools as men. Devils believe, and tremble.
Believe what' Believe that a great and fearful day
is looming in the distance, when we shall see a God
in grandeur, and a world on fire! The blood-thirsty
despots in question don't believe, —if they did, they
would tremble, as well as devils. The time is coming
when all despots and tyrants will tremble, and will
call on the mountains to cover them, in order, as
they will suppose, to evade the wrath of the Lamb,
when he comes in majesty, attended by thousands of
the heavenly hosts, to set matters right on this poor
fallen earth. This is the time when swords shall be
beaten into ploughshares, and spears into pruning-
hooks —and not until then. If we are to have real,
solid, substantial peace on the earth, in its present
fallen state, as some men say, how is it
we have made such miserable progress in eighteen
hundred years ? The despots of Europe are a
thousand times more degraded than the most blood-
thirsty Indian Sepoy, because they boast Of their
Christianity : the Indian Sepoy does not. Of course
the Sepoy is more honest. To say the least of the
depots, they•are detestable hypocrites. Hear what
the Redeemer said of such : "Ye serpents, ye
generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damna-
tion of hell." Hear him again : " Blessed are the
peace-makers, for they shall be called the children of
God." Well, Lord Derby and his noble, peacefiil,
companions forming the late administration, are
peace-makers. Have they not done all in their
power 'in order to 'promote peace and good will
amongst all the nations of Europe: 'I hope every
wife and every mother in England -- yes, and in all
Europe too—will not forget this. Some men
forming the present administration would have
upset heaven and earth, if they had the power, in
order to defeat my noble friend and hiS peaceful
companions: 'Notwithstanding this they 'live, and
will live to all eternity, and shall be called the
children of God. Lord Derby and his companions
believes that every man, woman, and child is an
image of God. Remember the consultation which
took place in high heaven : " Let us make man in
our image, after our likeness." All the powers of
earth could not have prevented this bloody, wicked,
accursed war. The Emperor of the French had
fully made matters all right in his mind for the
great slaughter years ago. If this blood-thirsty
man dies a natural death, I would not take ten
thousand worlds to be seated at his bed-side. I am
anxious to 'drag the spirit of war out of the human heart.
'Well, how is this to be done ? I say there is only
one proper way to do this. Men and women must
be educated to believe that there is a God who will
bring to light the hidden things of darkness. The
Emperor of the French has not been thus educated.
If he had, he would have known what it cost to
redeem the souls of the poor men he has slaughtered
by thousands. Think you, did this man ask them if '
their souls were saved, before he killed their bodies ?
Oh, sir, if it be true that men must give an account