Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-02-23 00:00:00

°NW and other PirINRS. if ye

wish a prime article

ANOOIIVER'S ISLAND. -PLENTY OF GOLD i
Every Emigrant should be proviaed with one of HEminrso's
PonvAsr.o Houses. " They are simple in construction, perfect
in arrangement, efficient in character, and are exceedingly neat,
comfortable dwellings." Bristol Arereury.
Houses, Stores, and every kind of building manufactured by
Samuel C. Hemming & Co_ Offices, 23, Moorgatc-street, London.
- - -

A.
fLE DoorsNT a DRAFT
ndWindow,
11
E 2
L&L.E ELL
Q,,,:S T •
1 EExctuDW IE
LIME-STREET, easily applied, and is thoroughly effectual
NT
53, CASTLE-STREET. "- 2'

in its prevention of draft

Ay- I L IA M

THOMAS

From London and Bristol

CARRIAGI

.ND WHEEL WORKS,

ST. ANNE-STREET AND HAREIR-STREET

HYAM'S
AND WAISTCOAT,

C 0 A T
1

ONE GUINEA

97, LORD .HT

YOUNG AMERICA ON

SLAVERY.

(After rearing Thos. Collie Grattan's "

'iced America.")

[Continued from yesterday's Northern Tiozes.]
Living in a Christian age, we see the evil of the
ancient ways. But Christian England should have
'Tis true the Portugese,

served a better example,

in 1481, began the slave trade from Congou ar:d
Angola, but the English soon profited by tl►.at ex-
perience. Sir John Hawkins, in October -1563, had
the honour, or rather the shame, of introducing it.
English gentlemen subscribed the money, and
three English ships la;laea the negrees at His-
paniola—taking home hides, sugar., ginger, and
other merchandise. So say the historians Bell and
Hakluyt. quail Elizabeth seemed proud of the
trade, for she vvas an accomplice ; so were all the
Georges. When the United States were three
years ol'el, England had 130 ships in the traffic.
'Yes, in. 1786, Anti-Slavery England carried
42,00 slaves to America. Africa exported that

year 100,000. (In 1768, the annual export was
104,000, but the year mentioned is as stated.)

From 1792 to 1807, 3,500,000 were torn front
Africa, and all that did not die or perish, were
landed in America by Englishmen,. But a better
'view of the extent of the mode is seen when
tngland impoverished so many planters, and
-.ruined so many States, in the £20,000,000 13i11.,

by liberating 770,280 slaves. 'This was August
Ist, 1834. But let us go back and see if she
abolished the accursed traffic before her neigh-

bourn

I fear not; we shall see. No ; Austria
was the first to do it in 1782—despotic Austria
set the example. Who followed ? Why my
native State Massachusetts, in 1783—th(
of her birth. In 1790, other States aid
the same. July 30th, 1787, in territory north
west of Ohio, slavery was forbidden. The Prencl
Convention abolished the trade in 1794.
In 1800, otherAmeriean States triea to be relieved
and shake it off; but Louisiana coming into the Union
three years after, checked the movement. All 'this
time England was pouring the slaves into every
American port. English merchants, English
ships, English sailors, were earning fortunes in
firmly planting slavery in our soil. Where did
the ancestors of the Tobins, the Horsfalls, the
Littledales, the Mosses, the Moores, &c., make
their princely fortunes? Dig not the late Sir
John Tobin command an African Slaver'? Was
not his brother, Mr. Thomas Tobin, similarly
engaged ? What gave fortunes to 'the early
British shipowners but the African Slave trade ?
Refer to " Baines's History of Liverpool," p. 695.
After the colonisation of Barbadoes and Antigua,

in 1623, the English merchants played into the
trade as eagerly as the Portuguese and Spaniards
had done, and French and Dutch were doing

cotemporaneously,

London and Bristol held the

trade for a century ; but, in - 1708, sixty years
after the settling of Barbadoes, and 100 after
Jamaica's conquest, Liverpool entered the list. It

is just 146 years since Queen Anne announced to
the House of Lords the favourable terms of the
Treaty of Utrecht, viz., " that England should
have Newfoundland, Hudson's Bay, Nova Scotia,
Gibraltar, Port Mahon, and also the right of fur-
nishing South America with slaves from Africa."
In 1752, in Liverpool 101 merchants, in -London
135, and 157 in Bristol, were trading with Africa

as "a company of merchants trading to Africa."
That year, eighty-eight vessels were engaged in
slave commerce. Page 719, Baines says that the
average number taken from Africa annually, from
1783 to 1793, was 74,000. " Out of 814,000
negroes conveyed from Africa to the West Indies
during eleven years, Liverpool had the pr.ofit and
disgrace of taking 407,000!" In round numbers,
13,000,000 in eleven years ! Americans protested,
but in vain. England persevered, as she does still
with the opium traffic. Because it pays.
'Tis true the question was debated in the British
Parliament in 1787, also in April, 1791, -for two
days, and again, April 3, 1793, when by a vote
of eighty-four to eighty-three, Wilberforce's
motion was rejected. Grenville and Fox
tried it again, March 31, 1806, the interval
having been employed in cargo after cargo being
landed in America—and it was not till March 25,
1807, that England followed Austria, France, and
America, in giving up the traffic ! Even to the
last hour she was landing negroes. It was too profit-
able--it paid too well to give it up. The allies at Vienna
in 1815 declared against the black slaves, but kept
their white serfs ! Napoleon, during the hundred
days, decreed against. slavery. Spain in 4817,
Netherlands in May, 1818, and Brazil in Novem-
00er, 1826, made similar demonstration. (Clay's
Missouri compromise was passed February, 1820.
'..Texas, December 25, 1815, acted the same comedy
over, and another compromise came with California
in 1850. December 14, 1856, Congress voted 187
to 38 against reviving the slave trade.) But France,
in. Jane, 1857, introduced it under the name of
free negroes from Guadaloupe and Martinique, but
Napoleon has since discontinued it. I give
these dates to show the different stages of the in-
stitution in different countries. and have made
thern:as telegramie as possible.

I think I have stated enough to prove that, to
say the least, Americans were not guilty of intro-
ducing slavery into America. I want the children
of Eug-lard. (grown people are supposed to be
informed,on this point) to understand this before
they get ideas prejudicial to my countrymen on
that accppat.

I waat to have

the young people of England

know the truth regarding 114. I want them to
low that England brought
;-from Africa—sold them in Americ

negroes

ntroduce,d

,Alavery -0-a—. plantations—forced it upon the
xolonists against
their will.• (It was oue of the
grievaaces in the dethn
elaration of Independence), and
,continu3l to bring
to America long after our
a
states h proaauaeed trade piracy.
floss aid Gladstone got the better of Lord Stanley
(now Pretfaier), 41 that Darner
xeceivino•o p 2y-twat according art, calculation, by
to
Indies
of the
slave. tilascipationintb.e West
s was ajob '-
and the philanthropists unwittingly became the
tools of the commission-rwchants.

England was the robber --and now Cries to Ame-
rica " stop thief.' What god, says she, can come
out oillazareth. liqw often do we hear her express
her thanks, that sue is not like these poor
Nazarenes,

Mark this fact. England got rich before she
became philanthropic. She paid away £20,000,000
—bat 800;000 slaves at £7O each is £60,000,000.
Even -at these figures you observe she was
£40,000,000 richer by the traffic! But his-
tory records that this noble act, of hers was a
rai,take, Emancipation has proved abortive.
West in44n planters have told me of its devastnt-

ing workings. It was a yob—Bankers, Merchants,
Agents, became enriched in Eng):and by impoverish-
ing the planters in the WW., Indies.

Read- Lord Stanie3,-}s report. Twice he has
examined the Trtativjr under parliamentary orders,
and twice he 1..-_„ reported that emancipation was
a failure. -xtead the historian Allison.

" Inde negroes, says lie, " who in a state of slavery,
",ere comfortable, and prosperous beyond any

peasantry in the world, and rapidly approaching
the condition of the most opulent seifs of Europe,
have been by the act of emancipation irretrievably
consigned to a state of Barbarism." And yet the
Emancipationists persist in celebrating the
anniversary.

The evidence of travellers, of parliamentary
committees, of merchants, and those best able to
speak upon the subject, testify that, physically,
mentally, morally, or financially they have dege-
nerated under the system. England made a mis-
take, and no one knows it hater than herself. The

motive was noble, was generous, was grand, but
unfortnnately the results have been the ruin of
thousands. England knows this—hence her sensi-

tiveness.

Read the London Tinzes, December, 1852. "If
there is one thing 'in' the world that the British
rubric do not like to talk about, or even to think
abort, it is the coxdition of the men for tvhonz this
lireat effort ivasvnade."

The exports of Jamaica fell off in 1839, the
first year cater the act, 8,466

hogsheads

nd ye

by 3, ear,

the result

What is their conditior

to-day P

a garden

hanged into a desert ! Look over the parliamen-
-bankers became bankrupt, planters
saw their plantations tuned to jungles, weeds
grew up instead oT sugar, roads became impassable,
fences were broken down, fields run to waste, and,
instead of activity, ir.Eustry, progress, you see
nothing but desolation, sloth, decay. Am I colour-
ing the picture? No. • Lord Stanley knows that it
is. true.

tau. record

Great as was the "falling off in sugar, greater
wasihe fall in morality and virtue.

Dr. Channing, in- 1840, said, the act was greater
than releasing the Israelites from bondage. But
were he alive to-day, I am sure he would be dis-
appointed to see tow badly his philanthropy has
worked for the slave as well as the white man. The
sudden jump from bondage to freedom cannot
'work. The slaves of Barbadoes had been pre-
pared for freedom for years—hence that island
compares so favourably with Jamaica. If Bar-
badoes gained, Jamaica lost. When rebuking
the Abolitionists, no -longer ago than the 27th of
last month, The Times says—" That they not only
oated 'every negro in the West Indies, brit

emanq

that they have pretty well ruined every planter to
boot." And, even tile other day, in the debate on the
Jamaica Emigration Bill, the Earl of Airlie said,
so disastrous was the Act upon the property, that
" the fee simple would be given now for ane years'
rental formerly ! " No one will stand forth to-
day, to say that West Indian Emancipation haS
benefitted the negro there, but all lament the
results.

Robesperrie and Brissot, in 1791, tried the
equalizing principle in St. Domingo—and Alison
has vividly painted the massacre. Speaking of
the Haytien drama, " the negroes," said he,
" maraed with spiked infants on their spears,
instead of colours ; they sawed asunder the male
prisoners, and violated the females o. the dead
bodies of their husbands. They found by this
sad experience, that liberty was one thing, aboli-
tion another. Mark the change, in 1789 the
sugar export was 67,200,000 lbs
dwindled down to nothing

in 1832 it

Can Exeter-hall point to a place where emanci-
pation has advanced morality or the Christian
religion ? Their eyes were upon their fore-
heads---how can they see ? You can elicit electric
sparks
,from a block of ice, but it is not easy to
make a forty-year old abolitionist warm into a
common-sense argument on the slave question.

The inventor of the guillotine died by his own
hand ; so the negro has been demoralised by his
emancipators. As the French people are the
pendulum in the clock of revolution, so the moral
changes of the negro show the effect of emanci-
pation.

Wilberforce, Clarkson, Romilly, Channing,
Waylan'd, Darwin, Phillips---all went too far---
they were good men and true, but not wise; one case
of cruelty with them was enough for a thousand
illustrations ? Will they continually go on, learn-
ing nothing, forgetting nothing ? When the time

comes when religion will diffuse education without
sectarian bias---when they can explain man's origin,
object, and destiny—when they will practice the
law they preach, of loving the African as them-
selves—when these things have been done, we
may expect fair and honourable discussion on this
important question.

Let us see if the abolitionists are consistent
(I mean in 'England ; our own people can
fire away at each other with better grace).
Does charity .really begin at home ? Who
were the slave-owners in the beginning ?
The English. Who kept up the mode after
America had declared it piracy ? The English.
Who are ostensibly to-day the principal slave-
owners? I still answer the English. If I steal
fruit and you partake of it, knowing it to be stolen,
are not you equally guilty ? Of course you are. So
England in buying slave-grown sugar and slave-
grown- cotton—knowing it to be slave:grown—in
,reality is a special partier in the ownership of the
slave ! Every extra bale of cotton you demand
requires one more slave do produce it. Two mil-
lions of slaves produce 2,000,000 bales ; three
millicas, 3,000,000 bales, Sr.c. —one bale to every

1,000,000 acres gives 4,000,000 bales, and,
strange enough, the same analogy applies to slaves.
Every extra cent paid on American cotton raises
the price.ef. the slave $lOO ; ,night cents are $800;
ten, $1,600 ; twelve cents. gives his value
$1,200. 'Tis easy to know -the value of slavei
by the value of cotto:q. England is the real
master of the slave, and jet listen to her moans
and groans—her deep long s:,-;15-fgr liberty ! But
mark—the liberty of the blacks'! for the degrada-
tion of the white Circassian or t:ie yellow Coolie,
she has nought but extactic adm'iration ! See
" Lady Londonderrf.s Travels in•thef.v

acre --

having made an unfortunate move in th.l West
Indies, she wishes her dear cousins to do likewise.

It reminds one of the old iEgopian fable-Pf a
certain animal who, once upon a time, lost a certaii:.
appendage in a trap, whereupon he placed his
back against a tree, and there did recommend all
the other foxes to go at once and have their tails
fonputated in a similar manner! •

(To be continued)