The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-05-11 00:00:00

THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE

t 811 ,711!
The:Tynemoutir screw si:"atner, Captain Seeales,
evening
i nCva lcszottrat,
rr London. She
at.Faco
tu oi..ith on Friday
oaffitvieeld,bound
landed her mails. • She left the Cape, t\1,41.01)
St ilelena, March 22d ;and Aseension,Marc.ll. 29th.
The Tynemouth left at the Cape the Dutch frio".e
Prins Hendrik der Nedeilands, from Batavia, for
Rotterdam; and the- Froneh gunboat.— Dragottrier
for China The latest news from the frontier led
to an apprehension that hostilities with the Kaffirs
could not be avaided.

FALL OF THREE,HOUSES IN TOTT.ENTIAM-
Ok.)URT ROAD, LONDON ,

FRIGHTFUL LOSS OF LIFE.,

Another of those Sad catastrophes arising from the fall
of houses, occurred bn Saturday, we regret to say, with
the loss already of four lives, to be followed to all
appearance by several more, and having inflicted very
serious injuries on many other persons. Shortly after
seven o'clock on S turday morning, three houses in the
Wen pation of Messrs Maple and Co., extensive
upholaterers, fell with a fearful crash. The houses which
fell were Nos. 145, 146, and 147. 'They fell into the street
from the roofs to the basements, causing so tremendous a
crash that the whole neighbourhood was plunged into the
utmost consternation. Every one at first was at a loss
how to act. A strong body of the police arrived from the
station of the E division, under the orders of inspectors
C'nickley and Wittlen, at which time thousands had
assembled. The G wet-violent District Surveyor, with as
much despatch as possible, collected all the hands he
could to clear away the ruins, and extricate the sufferers
whom it was known were buried under' the ruins. John
Eaton, clerk to Mr. Maple, was the first taken out, with
both his legs broken, and otherwise frightfully injured.
Next Mr. Taylor, son of the builder, in a still worse con-
dition ; afterwards James I3yng, a workman. This
poor fellow was dead. Some snort time afterwards the
body of the unfortunate cook was discovered quite dead.
From the statement made to us upon the spot, it appears
that there are two versions in connection with the eir-
cuinstances which have led to this shocking calamity.
Some few weeks since the premises of Mr. Hunter, furni-
ture warehouseman and upholsterer, which immediately
adjoin the premises of Messrs. Maple and Co., were so
much injured by a fire which broke out, as to render the
rebuilding of the whole, or a greater portion necessary.
These works were entrusted by Mr. Hunter to Mr. John-
son, builder, of titicenix place, Gray's Inn road, and carried
out under the direction of Mr. Redding, Mr. Hunter's
surveyor. Whilst these works were progressing at Mr.
Hunter's, Mr. M iple thought it a fitting opportunity to
have some enlargements and alterations made in his
premises adj iining, and Mr. Maple's alterations were
entrusted to Mr. Taylor, builder, &c., of Drummond street
Euston square, Mr. Haggett, of Gower street, being the
surveyor to Mr. Maple. These works were in progress,
and no apprehensions were entertained till Friday after-
noon, when Mr. Henry Baker, the district surveyor, is
stated to have come to view the premises, and he at once
condemned the old party wall standing on the southern
side of Messrs. Maple's premises, numbered 145 14i, and
147, Tottenham Court toad, and directed that it should
be at once underpinned and from the ground floor to the
first floor new brickwork put in. The distinct orders
stated to have been given by Mr. Baker, the district
surveyor, to Mr. Johnson or his foreman were, that the
workmen were to take the party wall down from the
ground floor to the first and replace it with new
',rickwork, which was to be carried out by " under
pinning." It appears that Mr. Johnson's men came to
work about six o'clock, and under orders from Mr.
Moore, the foreman, to Mr. Johnston, they commenced
the removal of the brickwork of the party :wall. Mr.
Taylor's men were also at work in the premises belonging
to Mr. Maple, 147, Tottenham Court-road, the house
immediately abutting on the party wall referred to. It is
stated that Mr. Johnson's men commenced removing the
brickwork from the party wall in two places at the same
time—namely near the front of the houso at Tottenham
Court-road, and also towards the back part of the pre-
mises. It is said that these holes in the brickwork were
made to the extent of about six feet long by three feet
high, when the party wall gave way, dragging with it the
two adjoining houses, Nos. 146 and 147, in its descent.
This is the one version of the cause which is stated to
have led to the catastrophe. The other version is that
derived from Mr. John Moore, the foreman to Mr. John-
son, the builder for Mr- Hunter. He states that he had
the superintendence of the works in course of erection for
the new premises belonging to Mr. Hunter at 148, Totten.
ham Court-road, which adjoin those of Mr. Maple's last
houso, numbered 147. The wall of 147 had, he says, been
much cut about for the purpose of putting in a new
bressemer, and all the ties having any connection with
the party wall had been cut off. The district surveyor,
Mr. H. Baker, came on Friday afternoon and inspected the
works, and ordered the party wall between 147 and 148 to
be underpinned and repaired. In accordance with the
direction of the district surveyor, be gave instructions to
the men that they should commence the underpinning of
the party wall that morning. They came to their work
at the usual hour, and commenced the work, when the
front wall of Mr. Maple's nearest house, No. 147, fell
outward, causing the entire building to collapse, and that
forced Mr. Hunter's party wall into the area of the space
on which the house No. 148 (Mr. Hunter's) was being
rebuilt, dragging the next door house, No. 146, with it.
As to which of these versions are correct it is impossible,
at the present moment to arrive at a conclusion, but
suffice it to say that, from whatever cause it may have
arisen, the result has been a lamentable sacrifice of human
life, as well as destruction of a large amount of valuable
property. The first indication of anything wrong took
place about a quarter past seven o'clock in the morning,
at which time there were between twenty and thirty
young men and women, in the employ of Messrs. Maple
and Co., on the premises, either in bed or in the act of
rising and dressing, in order to be ready for the day's
business. Of this number about 21) were in the upper
portions of the houses numbered 146 and 147, which have
fallen. At the same time there were Mr. Johnson's men
at work at the wall on the one side, and some of Mr.
Taylor's (Mr. Maples's builder) at work on the other.
Two of these men were carpenters, named Garnett and
Richard Turner, who were at work at their bench in the
first floor of the house No. 147. At this moment a
crackling noise was heard, and a sound like thunder
succeeded, causing the people in the neighbourhood the
greatest consternation. The buildings fell with a fright ful
crash. The shrieks and groans which proceeded from the
building were truly heartrending, and so sudden and
astounding was the shock that for some few minutes the
people resident in, and already near the place, were com-
pletely paralysed, and were unable to render the sufferers
any assistance. Shortly after, however, a strong body of
police of the E division. under Superintendent O'Brien and
Inspectors Checkley and Duigan, arrived, and labourers,
under the orders of Messrs. Johnson and Taylor, were set
to work to ascertain who were the sufferers, and to rescue
those who might be found alive as fast as possible. The
first who escaped were, singular to relate, Mrs. Christmas,
the housekeeper, and two young women employed in the
drapery department. They were in the sitting-room on
the second floor of 146, when the house fell, and were so
slightly hurt as to be enabled to effect their escape. The

escape of lifid's Christmas was truly miraculous. She
was, at the-moment-of the- fall,- dusting the _piano, witta
which she .wasgarxied away, baud, fallin,g,in the hollow
between the piano and a bean, She escaped with a slight
graze of the 'legs. The othei 'young ladies were but
slightlyiraluiqd: A 3 sooti ai-th-e—alarm created by such sa
c .tastrophe had n some cl..gree subsided, the muster roll
of the persons known-to beitt the- heuaae at the time.
of the fall, and employed on the •works, Was called over,.
and also those attached to Mem s. 'Maple's establishment,
amongst the latter were 'Mr. Frederick Byng, chief
clerk ; James, Beam, Reginald .Rudd, Horace - Regnant,.
Georgeliailey, and George Eaton William Ayres, Wil- .
Liam Beauchamp, a youth who acted a,s cashier in one of
the departments ; Aen Briscoe, the 0,20 k ; and Mary
Daly, house servant. Amongst those em,-,Joyed on the
works, missinritereMi.' Taylor, jib., the son of the con-
' 'tractor tor-q% K'Sfiple's'rworks, Turner 'and C•arnett.
; ectimauronple:o:n‘yesrssiu,daern.od
Johns,te George Faeglale, onept,t4e
,laboutyrs in the
" premises.w ti
w--are conveyed in rapid succession, one
'tamed, and they ikTahtethlatgPe4bl,oY-d7 aaltimoetinNslesi•
to w6i.12d#05,‘.! succeeded In restiuttig +most saf_ithe above
'tier the other, to Unive;aity College Hospital, fortuately
-la cieseadeinity,- -where-thervi7-ace-at.tanee-attended to by
Mr. Ericson, one of the principa: surgeons, who was
promptly sent - for ; f.aft. pevlcgo the house
suraeon, and the' whole of the me 1 f4l staff. After dig-
ging 'out theruies fur ahaut ttiOil. Iftelli of an hour the
men succeeded-in rcachiug the body ,ICl' the unfortunate
young 0a4i17.4-aderick Byng. Tice poor-fellow was found
lying in hisdiedowliiett had fallen with the upper floor*"
which-he -had slept.- He had evidently-been suffocated, as.
there was no mark of violence whatever upon his Person,-
exept a small drop of blood at one of his nostrils. He'
was at-once removed-to the- hospital, - but life_was OW
extinct: ~. The next body was not got out for some time
after, and that, was the, unfortßnats cook, Ann Briscoe ; -
and it is stated when discoveied she had a kni e
grasped firmly in her hand, as if about to perterm some
culinary operation. The next. sufferer got out of the
.ruins was that of a young man, Mr. Taylor, jun., the sort
of thebuilder. Although not dead, his injuries were found
'-to b&of that MOOR Character that his entrails were
protruding,,, and tioat, littteAhepes.farta.,eptertaiued of his
recovery. It appears that a heavy beam tiad fallen across
,- the body of this poor fellow, crushing him in a dreadful
manner, afiri; u....soTeciiiinr. away; that, beam had to
beSawn itihnifbefore'he'eciuld he extracted: He was at
once conveyed te.the hospital. 1 The. workmen were unre•
mitting in their labours, buralt.Yras4lot 'until nearly two
o'clock in the, afiernoop that ?.they succeeded in dis-
covering the bbdies of the two 'carPenters; Turner and
Garnett, both of whom 'Were frightfully' crushed and
mutilated.' . They were got out, and also conveyed to the
hospital. - The--body -of the-poor---iilienirer,- Keeble, not-
- ' withstandingAkra,ertions of • them*, had not up to a-
late hourn inthe evening, been recovered; and itis believed
thii;Jaa,,A`Cwas working at the front tiOl4',.iii:the party
wall nearest-to--Tottenham -to- --Toitenham Court-road,- he must be
, lying under ittieAlionense -pile of rubbish' near that
spot, which is so compact -a mass, that it has all the
appearance-of having laitrthere for months, and required
--the use of pickaxes as well as shovels to separate it.
, ' The workmen continued; their labotirS' 'in the removal of
the ruins up to late hour on Saturday night, wiih the
view of discovering Gorge Keeble, but, without success.
On -enquiry at eleven o'clock,„at 'the University College
' Hospital, as to the state of Mr. - Taylor, Rt.; the inter-
. mation received was that he 'was in Mitch the same con-
s fion gr
hold ing favourably.
his
con-
dition, but very slight hopes are enterfaided of his
recovery. -The other--sufferer; Mr.-Eaton,-- who-still remains
tspa;:ptiiial:dst,,,..de_ i,,credibend;sadaa::pinnegxre:
- 4 be no doubt that-the whole matter will form a
Thero , 4.-
oki
~.Fnquiry- before Mr.- Wadtley, the coroner,
inquest. The ..follovvin:, is a ' list .hot
the Sufferers :--
. sivtnuhc:hha.s:
Frederick Bytig,-suffoealeo whilst 'ia' bed,:dead. Ana
Briscoe, cook, dead.- Richard ...
rurner, carpenter, dead.
' ' George Keeble
Gehrge Garnett, carpenter, dela. , - • .
labourer,..still in the, ruins,', dead. - yr.•
.Faylor, jun.,,in
'' University Hospital, -deep lacerated contuse wound on.
v the inner and lower part of the- left' 1,„01,vt-,.-0.-ctur
, another part, and contusions about the head; not expected.
, to survive. Georg_e Eaton, ,in University- hospital, a
. . .
• ' uiael mad external- . not con.,.idered
yanittyol,br , ,
h'
.
sertotig.',, Willta Ayres has hiS collar bone,put out, but
was suffldrthitiy reervered to leave 'the:hospital. James
Beam, meeli shook and bruised. Reginald Rudd, various
extensive injuries; butf.nOt serious, Horace .R,egnart, feet
and legs injured and bruised, but able to leave the hos'-
, pital. George 'l3aYleY, various bruises and contusions.
William Beauchamp, bruised and slightly cut. Mrs.
Christmas, slight injury to her legs. Mary Daly, legs
injured, and slight injury to the back. Thousands of
persons continued to assemble, and Tottenham Court-road
cintinued impassable till late' off Sat urday'evening.

THE SESSION.

Lord Palmerston asks the House of Commons to attend,
during the present greatly shortened session, to the busi-
ness which is immediately before it ; to give him credit
for the fulfilment of his duty as the head of the liberal
party ; ant to defer any question connected with the•
amendment of our representative institutions until next
session. It' we may judge by the first night, the present
House of Commons is well disposed to grant the request
in full. The premier treats the present session of the new
parliament as being only the completion of the session
which commenced in February, but was interrupted by
the appeal to the country, which returned a complete
ratification of his views and his course of' conduct. Under
these circumstances, he is dans son droit is. claiming to
continue his course as it was laid down in February. The
effect of that appeal has been to s:rike so many weeks out
of the session, to substitute inexperienced members for
several of the most experienced, and virtually commences
the parliamentary business ia the middle of May. No
doubt, this claim implies an acceptance on the
minister's part of the conditions essential to it.
We are to presume that the practical measures
which are more particularly pointed out for this present
session will be converted from bills into acts of parlia-
ment. The law reforms which come under the head of
testamentary jurisdictioe„ matrimonial causes, and eccle-
siastical jurisdiction, have !seen before the House of Com-
mons for successive sessions. A bill to check criminal
breaches of trust has been long prepared. The most
experienced And competent persous have decided upon the
essence of the requisite improvement, and it lies with the
executive to determine what shall be the specific details.
If the executive were to present the set of measures in
any form that could be accepted by the highest authorities
on the subject, the bills would be passed wit bout difficulty.
It has long been considered that the first step towards
the systematic; improvement of law and legal administra-
tion would be the appointment of a minister of justice
and in the last parliament Lord Palmerston promised to,
take the subject of appointing such a minister into con-
sideration. He has not yet seen his way to overcome the
great " difficulties'' in the fulfilment of his pledge. Of
course he would not lightly assume that the difficulties
are insuperable, particulrrly at a time when he is
again asking us to leave him the period of the
recess for "considering a measure of still greater
popular interest:" but there are difficuties. Another
course has been suggested—the intrusting the business -of
a minister of justice to a committee of the Privy Coienell;
and more allowance would be made for the further con-
sideration of that subject, if Lord Palmerston, by bee
exercise of hi; will as guiding minister of the cabinet—
using whatever instruments were ready to his hands—
could carry to completion the few law reforms which he'
has selected from the long list. The amendment of our
representative institutions, which the House of Commons
is requested to defer for a season, had been taeen inter
deliberate consideration before the session of 1854, and it
was postponed in that year on the ground that we were
engaged in an European war. It is to be hoped that this
country will not again be subjected to the same interrup-
tion in the improvement of its institutes. In the Military
Estimates, however, the minister is asking for larger sums,
than have before been required during peace ; and while.
our relations with important foreign states remain un—
settled, there must be an apprehension that the enlarged:
plans for our military organisation hare some reference'
to warlike contingencies aoroad• If these apprehensions
are wrong, the grand correction would be a more
explicit statement as to the actual condition of
our foreign relations ; and on every ground the
public requires such explanation. The minister
may intend to avoid any entangling combinations which
might lead him into lending the weight and resources of
this country to projects repugnant to the opinions, affec-
tions, and. material interests of this country; but while he
is claiming a large credit for his intentions in domestic
policy, the public has a right to expect that he will give
it practical assurances on the scarcely less obscure subject
of his present and prospective foreign policy. It must also.
be assumed—and Lord Palmerston's honour as a gentle-
man, not less than his credit as a statesman, will depend
upon his fulfilling the assumption—that in begging a long
date for the consideration of his promised measure to
amend our representative system, he is not seeking to pro-
crastinate, but to mature the design and details of the bill.
When Lord Aberdeen entered office at the Christmas of
1852, he recognised the necessity of amending our repree
sentation. "He said—" It can, I think, hardly be denied
by any man that seine amendment of this description.
is necessary ; and unquestionably the events of the'
last election have not been such as to render any man
more enamoured of the present system." These words
might be now repeated with an exact application of
of every line. We have here an acknowledgment by Lord
Aberdeen that the demand of the public, which has stood
over so long, is in itself reasonable. Lord Palmerston was
a member of the government whose chief made this
acknowledgment. He has now adopted it for his own.
cabinet, by his declaration on Thursday. This solemn
pledge constitutes, indeed, a better step in advance than a
separate measure' of any private member ; and Mr.
Roebuck was quite justified in nailing Lord Palmerston
to that pledge by announcing that he should offer no
impediment to the course laid down.—Spectator.

IBISH linmo COMPANY.—The prospectus has been
issued of the West of Ireland Mintng Company, with a
capital of £50,000, in £1 shares, for developing a mineral
district in the county of Mayo. Lead, marble, and slate
are the products principally relied on. The terms of the
lease are not stated.

PERaECUTION OF T FIE UNITARIANS OF
TRANSYLVANIA.

REV. MR. Mel/TINS AU'S SERMON.
The Rev. M^.. Martineau preached east/a:day in the
pe-street Church, on behaltofehe fund now being mimed
std the Unitarians of Traree3 whose: educational;
and religious institutions are nrena^ed- by the Austrian
government. A very large cougnegatioe was present.
Toe Rev. Me Martineau toe k 'hie text fr:im the Epistle
of Paul to the Galstians, 6rh, cheater, 10th verse —" AS we
have therefore opportunity. let is do good unto alt men,
eepeeiallv unto, them who ere of the household of faith."
He opened his discourse by pointing to the feet that the
one common element in which all Christendom livee—the'
universal feeling to which its religioneunder every variety','
appeals—is the sense of distance- and alienation between
G. d and man—the sense that thole which ought, to be as
one yet are not so ; that the fault of thie is On the human
side, and the remesly perhaps only from the divine, side ;
and that that discord can be resolved only by Some medi-,
sting mind at once true to heavenly perfection :ea&
in fellowship with earthly humiliation. the very
conception of a mediator bait:reel, natures so
separated as the humen the divine unhappily
contained in it elements "..etch were difficult to reconcile.
The limitationsof afinite nature like the
human, cone"
not, it would seem, be present without
negaterth,g
the Godhead; and on the other hand, the per-
fe.;eion of the infinite did not seem compatible with the.
buniliations of manhood Around that; problem, ever
retilleting back to the same dilemma, the entire theology
of Christendom might be, said to have revolved. There
were bat two ways in whica the problem could even be
attempted. The divine must stoop to be humanized, or
the 11=8,1 rise to be deified. In the earliest ages of our
religion both these paths were distinctly followed in the
construction of the christian doctrine, and the traces of
bath were quite plain within the limits of the new Tes-
tament itself. The former type was dear to the deep and
mystic John, and not struige to the speculative faith of
Paul. The former was ever found with the Gentile sym-
pathies, while the latter belonged rather to the harder
Jewish mind, ever cliugine to the concrete, and cloth ng
even spiritual things et definite outlines. At the Refor-
mation those struggling' elements, which for ages the
Catholic velem had managed to compromise into union
and coincidence, fell asunder, and began each to assert
its separate function In its win course, the
Reformation was a reaction against outward sapernit. tarsi-
ism, against sacerdoal and ii ual magic, against the
monopolised graces, the corporate trait in mediation
which characterised the need meal church. The Reforma-
tion was content to enbstitute an inward supernaturalism,:
an universed priesthood, an open aeonement, an unb.3ught
and spontaneous gift of faith. The Reformation reduced
the human nature to the loa est and most negative fenetioni
in the work of redemee;on. The Reformation left in the
work of reconcillatian nothing for man to do, not even to
let his heart be open to Go I's call, not even to be in the
lowest degree, a frelleeaworker with God's grace. It set
saVernatural grace as the role power and the sole good!
complete, in its, view, was the failure of 'mien 'lettere
that the whole economy of heaven had to be directed
against it for the purpose of arresting its egeeciest and
substituting new affections and new blessingeelthpassible
to the unconverted 10111. If Christ, according to their
view, took our nature, it was not for its glory, but for hie
humiliation, and the object of his incernation 7.'as to
enable the divine natu e ti suffer for us anxaijr.,,, agony,
and death. For the purpose," then, oI eorreeting the
ct, rhalarne th.ls given' te the cele,s!i.la orsupc,natural ele-
nisnt, less enthu-iastic Reformers framed a system from
the other end, a-d 1 okea'-upoa eerie:lenity ra.hs ras a
means of ralsitag
1-"emen nature by the help of its own
affinities :into fir",ater harmony with the divine.than of
fetc iing dowt so to speak, ,he divine to overpower and
drown tie. Inman. What had befallen us they regarded
as leas abs.::Ote and total• i ban Lusher ani Calvin
wad, of man, considere I. as a nature and type or
b ie.g, they did not conceive to he inherently spitted or
tainted with peisen throughout. Weakness of natural
will, unfaithfulness of incitidnel charateer, were the
m eal intap eieet sse.ich they conceived t ) binder us from
loving and from re•embl eg the F.ittFr ~1 our spiri,s.
To rem .ve these de ee's the spi its of teen nee-led to be
helped and to be -.wakened on, by one. He who could effec
that objet by supernatur, ly s'iriinsr' up men to higher
wstchfu nest and spirituality which they did not regent
as unfitted for the ()Moe of a aeleeinere because he began
upon the simple level of our own nature, provided its
resources were supplemented by special powers. Christ, as
the ag-'nt of such 3 work, might be a man not differing
in type of being from ourselves, provided, only, that he was
furnished with divine opportunities, and fitted with snpsr-
human powers. His Gospel lay, so to speak, in his whole
life—not solely, not chief's, in his death. It was a highly
curious fact that these two opposite tendencies had in a
greet measure followed the lines of race in Europe, and
had never been able effectually to cross the lines. The
Greek, the Celt, the German evinced an exclusive sus-
ceptibility to the former, which brought the divine being
in o the human; whhe the Roman, the Follett, the [lnn-
girian, and the Gelb, tended rather to the latter. It was
in a small club of liter ry men in an Italian town that
Sociaian Christianity advanc d some views embodying
eertain changes in the triumphat scheme of Luther and of
Calvin. Dispersed by the vigilance of the inquisition,
these men sought refuge in the first instance in Geneva,
and there formed a church upon the basis of a humani-
tarian theology. That church consisted entirely of
Italians and of Spaniards. Just three centuries ago &oil
the present year, a group of thoughtful and accomplished
literary men, among whom was Soeinus, all of them from
south of the Alps, met week by week for a worship and a
teaching which were essentially like those of the emigre-
getion. But the frown of Calvin steadily and sternly
watched them, and they knew from the recent and yet
undispersed ashes of Servetus what that dark look por-
tended to then. One of them was, indeed, deetined in
a very short time to swell the stern Swiss reformer's
amount of persecution and bloodshed ; for, in 1558.
Gentiles, the Neapolitan gentleman was, at Calvin's
special instigation, snipped to his shirt, and compelled,
aged as he was, to walk through the city of Geneva bare-
footed and bareheaded, with a torch in his hand, and in
a penitentsl habit at the sound of a trumpet, and to cast
into the flames, with his own hand, as being blasphemous;
the writings in which he simply maintained the eupremacy
tf the Fatner over the Son. And that humiliation was but
the prelude to a last and greater sacrifice; for, in a few
years more he was beheaded at Berne for his heresy. One
of his fellow-Unttariane escaping from se inhos-
pitable a land, betook himself at first to Poland
and then to Transylvania, and in both thost4
countries succeeded in grine to the Protestant reform's -=
tion the direction of his own Unitarian opinions. Through
his office as court physician of Transylvania, he was ena-
bled to incline princes and nobles to the Socinian faith ;
and, although in the next century, that, perhaps, gees-
tionabLe auvantage was lost by the rapid reaction of
Jesuitism, and the increase of Calvinism, yet a funda-
mental law, which operated up to the present hour, in
Transylvania had been secured, according to which Unita-
rianism became one of the four recognised religions, pro-
tectect althengh not endowed, by the state. Lor gas it had
been deprived of the support of the wealthy, andpractically
confined to !the middle classes of society, and the pea-
santry of the hilts, it had nevertheless maintained its
chareeeristic zeal for liberal education. It had kept up
without any endowment, private or public, the College of
Ii ausenbte-g, containing nearly three hundred students,
with classes to prep .re for civil and ecclesiastical life; and
in aedeior, two burgher schools, where a less academic
instruction was given. White the freedom of teaching
enjoyed at Ktausenburg was indispensable for the
maintenance cf their religon, the certificates and
dipleniaa which they were entitle-1' to confer were
a c ;nclaion for. the entrance of ice scholars into any
erofeesien and any branch of the public Service. The
closing of their ancient coLtega would thus be equal to the
inst.nt degradation of the whole people from honourable
ciezenship. Yet that was the very fate with which they
were immediately, and at that very hour, threatened. The
Governinent of Austria disliked the zealous frugality 'with
sehich hitherto the professors had been content to teeth
and the students to 'teem ; and suddenly, in pursuit of its
hab to-1 policy of redneing to the Austrian or Gertean type
the whole of the dependencies of the cream, it insisted upon
a vast increase in the permanent coat of Klan•enburg
College, both in the number of teachers it suppported and
in the scale of their recompense. In fact unless, in ful-
filMeet rf those conditions, ..El4-000 was realised by a
prescribed and vary near date, the schools must all be
clotted, and their brethren of Transylvania would be re-
duced to a disgraced and d sablad class. Poor as they
were, tley had themselves, out of their own resources,
clutribired all except ..E') 000 of the sum required, and
they ask-d t; eir brethren cf England to complete the
requisition. and send it out with liberality, as their gift. to
Eastern Christendom. That was the case to which
_he
recommend-d the notice of his hearers, and to which ha
invited them liberally to contribute.
On the conclusion of the sermon, a collection was made
in aid of the finds.