Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-10-01 00:00:00

LORD ,DERBY'S :ESTATES.

The Irish Farmerk Gazette gives some account of
the system of management on Lord Derby's estates in
Limerick and Tipperary. The writer first describes the
Ballykisteen estate :

" There are comparatively few specimens of the real
old cabin to be found on the estate, and when such do
exist it is chiefly on land had under old leases which
have not expired, or where they have been permitted to
remain until it is convenient to replace them by others.
There is a great difference, however, in the way in
which these houses as well as farm buildings are kept,
some of the oldest houses and yards being cleanly kept ;
while others, even of more recent erection, are the
reverse.

" Some new labourers' cottages have been recently
built near Ballykisteen, and it is intended to add to their
number. Those which kave been erected are double
cottages. Each pair- OT cottages stand on a separate
block ofland" of half an Irish acre—that is, one rood
for each cottage—and a little off the road, which leaves
room for a garden between -the house and the road.
Each cottage contains on the ground floor a kitchen
14 feet by 103 feet, open to the roof, and two bed closets,
each 9 feet by 6 feet 9 inches. Above the latter is a
loft, which forms a third sleeping apartment, access to
this being obtained by a moveable trap. Behind the
-kitchen is a lean-to, which is divided into two parts, a
scullery 7 feet by 6 feet 3 inches, and a pantry 7- feet by
6 feet 6 inches.

" Before- proceeding with any descriptive remarks
relative to matters on Lord Derby's estates, it will be
as well if we allude first to the system of general man-
agement which is followed, as an explanation of this.
will render what we have already said, as well as our
after observations, perhaps more easily understood. - •
" The system adopted on these estates, when a farm
is to be let on lease, is that the entire drainage, and the
erection of suitable dwelling-houses and farm offices,
where such is necessary, is all done by the landlord,
and a lease for twenty-one years is given. All charges
for such outlay are included ia the rent, which, under
such circumstances, and on the fine land of which,the
Ballykisteen estate consists, ranges from £2 to £2 10s.
per Irish acre, equivalent to 245. Bid. or 30s. 10-11 per
statute acre. On other parts of Lord Derby's property
the rent is lower, as we shall see, the quantity of the
land being inferior. When old leases exist, or other
circumstances which place the tenant on a different foot-
ing, 5 per cent. is charged on the outlay. incurred in
such draining or buildings as may be' required. When
a farm is held by a tenant from year to year, a similar
charge is made for all moneys which have been expended
by the landlord with the consent of the tenant, unless
the farm is considered to be let at the full value, and
improvements much wanted, when this charge is not
made, and the necessary improvements are then made
at the expense of the landlord. The tenant from year
to year is secured by a stamped agreement just as
well as the leaseholder for twenty-one years, and this
yearly agreement becomes, in fact, a lease for life, if the
tenant is well conducted. By the agreement to which
we refer the yearly tenant is entitled to be repaid for all
unexhausted mannres on a very fair scale, which is set
forth in tho agreement, or any permanent improvements
made by him, with consent of the landlord or his repre-
sentative, such as fences, &c., whenever his tenancy ter-
minates_; and, in fact, the entire aim of the system at
work on Lord Derby's estates appears to be—first, to put
the tenants in such a-position as that they may carry on
their operations as farmers without being obliged to ex-
pend capital in permanent improvements which might,
and in most cases would, cripple them materially in the
working of their farms, and at the same time to estab-
lish such a system of plain and open dealing that not the
slightest unfair advantage can be taken- of the tenant's
industry, while the rights of the landlord are at the
same time secured. We need scarcely say that by
such a system as this the tenant, whether he be a lease-
holder or a yearly tenant, is placed on a very
different footing from the position in which tenants
frequently stand in this country ; and it is evident that
under such a system the tenants have every inducement
to improve and to carry on the management of their
farms in a proper manner. They learn that their
interests and those of their landlord are identically the
same, and not antagonistic. They cannot, indeed, cut
and carve, divide and subdivide at their own pleasure,
and without recognising the landlord's authority or
right to have an opinion in the disposal of his stock in
trade ; but they have every certainty that they will
enjoy the fruit of their labours ; because the terms upon
which they hold the land, instead of being a one-sided
transaction, are a straightforward business-like agree-
ment, founded upon mutual interests of the respective
contracting parties. It will thus be seen that Lord
Derby has introduced upon his own estate a real system
of tenant-right which, if more general, would go far to
settle that much vexed question ; and we are glad to
find that a similar system is being introduced by Mr.
Grey on the Tipperary and Limerick estates belonging
to Mr. Stafford O'Brien, on which Mr. Grey also acts

OCTOBER 1, 1859.

GLOUCESTER ELECTION COMMISSION.

GiovcEs ThArfiday.

The inquiry Was continued to-day, before the com-
missioners, James Vaughan, L. H. Fitzgerald, and R."
G. Welsford, Esqrs.
Benjamin Jordan; clerk to Messrs. Elliott, Ellis, anal
Swan, attorneys, of Gloucester—Did not consider bri-
bery was necessary on the Liberal side, and was much,
astonished to find it had been resorted to.

Mr.- G. -P. Wilks—Was an -attorney in Gloucester,
and assisted on the Liberal side at the last election.
Went to James Dowding, a publican, who up to 1857
had voted with the Liberals, but who at that election
voted for Sir A., Carden. Witness's impression was,
that the 'inducement to change his colours had been
furnished by his having obtained a license for a beer—
house through Conservative influence. Went to Dowding
just before last election and "stood" a bottle of wine'
Put down a .sovereign to pay for it, when Dowdingi
picked it up and put it n his pocket. He offerect
Dowding'£s or £7, he could not say which, to vote for
Trice and Monk. That was on a Saturday, and Dowding'
said he could not make up his mind until.WednesdaP
-"Did riot mean'to say that if he had accepted the offer
-he should have refused to give him the money, but as as
he said he must take till Wednesday, witness came d'
the conclusion that he wanted more money. Canvassed`
James. White, and (rave his wife £2 on two occasions.
to induce her to get her husband to vote for Mr. 31°1',1',;
He believed the husband knew nothing about it. lie
canvassed George Kent, a tenant of Mr. Goodrich, a COt;
4.'"
servative. He said he must give one vote to Sir R. Carclenr
to oblige his landlord. Something was said about a
aideration" for his vote for Mr. Monk, and it was agree;
that as the voter objected to receive money.
,directly as
-bribe, a sum of £lO which witness had in hand belongin6
to him, should be paid over. The £l6 had been held bolca
for costs in .a matter in which Mr. Wake (witness) bad
been engaged for Kent. The money was to be
between Kent and his sister's husband, Blackwell, Ih.
was also to vote on the Liberal side. Considered thists
A payment of £5 to Kent and £5 to Blackwell. Tad
treaty for the latter vote was through his wife: Fntla
out after wards that Blackwell was a member of theel;
servative Club. To another man, James Nicholls/ De
paid £2O, as a compromise of a claim of £36, which ht
said lie had against the. Liberal party, for refreshineut
'at the election for 1857. Considered Nicholls was 1/.:.).5
legally.entitled to the money. Offered James Brown "";
-to vete for the Liberals. To Henry Cox he, offered 1::
get him through the Insolvency Court if he
would vote for Price and Morton. Cox after'
_polled for the Liberal candidate, and svitri-g
took him through the court as he had promised. iv
.intended his services to Cox as equal to a bribe
money. Cox, perhaps, did not think so. Subsequent l,
William Wilks said Roberts would vote if he could get
£4 for him. Wilks then gave witness his I 0 U fore
£4 (which he paid him), but he did not poll forts
Monk, saying it was too late. When he found Rob re'
r..
had riot voted he claimed the £4 back, but had net
ceived it. Canvassed Decimus Best for himself wied
-his son "(both freemen) at the railway station. Offer,
Best £3 to vote for Price and Monk, and bere
,0
plied, "If you'll make it £4, it shall be all rig
He then paid him £2, and he voted for Carden she.
Price. Best had also got £2 of Mr. Jacobs, of tbe-
Little Dust. Pan, having represented to him that to(witness) had sent him for it. Witness was anxious_A
obtain'some information against the Conservatives,
last Saturday took him into -Mr. _Henley's shop t°„ife-
and get information from him. Offered him £2 to t'ijor
information. An appointment was made for rl°!„ve
last at Mr. Henley's. Gave Henley the £2, who he
it to Best (not in.witness's presence) ; but Best sai of
could not give. any information. • The total anioun_o,
witness's outlay for political purposes at the last eleal
tion was, as near as he could reckon, £9O. - Pt if
for bell ringing and bands. Paid all the money too°a
his own pocket. Had a general expectation at the Ow.
that he would be repaid, but had no expectation 00_01)
It was a voluntary sacrifice on his own part for the rea'_
that Sir R. Carden lad, in a speech at the hustine'4;
stated that he would not think of coming on bribhe
principles, and on. which he pledged his word that This
would not .bribe himself _nor any of his friends. sir
gspu a
Tamesr c
dh,,t
lam andat d
lea i
eon
ot
oeB
ors
07
r,
e ha,ahadsod n
bt he
was,erno w
subscribed nt
hthea t Lh i
eb e
brr
eay
al sdoffi
peers nt lt. and
noblemen of the Carlton Club to send into the coup ‘,4
to influence voters. He also read a speech of Sir Jarti`,..
Graham, in which he vouched for the fact, and ther,,
fore he thought that if it was not wrong in peers an:
gentlemen to do these acts, it was not wrong in an ha. 1,17,
Me individual
thatvidualsliit.e.wh.imjosuelifff. e
a(Andppcloalasoneel ngilnclis court.) thej
also re
were te
parties commissioned by the Carlton Club to distrt y
the money, and he believed that a part of that ncrtileat
had come down to Gloucester: He therefore trust before
the commissioners would summon those parties proles
them in order that they might be examined in re e in-
to those matters. He, believed he could give '7-, the
formation (which he would do in due time) as

election of . 1857. ' that
By Mr. Fitzgerald—Would not undertake to sai
co..
he had not been concerned in acts of bribery on° ale,
sions previous to this-year, but only on a small se
. .

and not from his own resources. Dia
Thomas Brewer Monk, landlord of the 1111 n,,
Horse, Barton-street, was agent to the Liberal par'Jett-
GlonceSter, and .attended to 'the registration. -11%ted
gaged 112 messengers ;70 were voters. APP°I not
them for_ the purpose of securing their votes, bate for
altogether without expectinc, them to do something
it. Messengers and clerks''altogether cost £407 95'day.
Messengers received without distinction 3s. 6d. a: the
Knew nothinc, of public-houses being opened, but of,
messengers had had refreshment to the smell pot
• perhaps, £2O, at his
_Monk's) house, which he b°`,o or
been paid for. Had received from Mr. Wilton te"
£4O for treating, and, as " self is the first laW of 113t'irolo
he had paid himself. • Had also received money aid it
Mr. Wilton for bribing v,--)ters. If- Mr. Wiltool not
was £Bl, perhaps he was right, but witness (11'
think he had received so much from Mr. Wilton. to
The next witness was James Fletcher,_grocerittea
whom Brewer Monk had paid £l2 10s. He adi,rup h3cl,
the receipt of the money,- and divulged how ';opt,
spent it—viz., in two bribes to Thomas Wellir.lrloa
Edmund Harris. The balance went into " the 51°
fund."

The Commissioner—What fund is that? ,
eajar,
Witness—Drink and tobacco, after the election
when the victory made him rather beside h
ot
The witness then greatly amused the auditory, nth 1.4
cepting the grave commissioners themselves, f tice
account of the way in which he was done oat sc; cior,
other votes. Two brothers, Giles and Thomas 111.-vere
had promised to vote for Price and Monk,
and e
sent
to have each, On the morning of the poll be dust
to Giles, and found him at breakfast. lie said heea
have a cup of tea, and witness asked him if iiis:ea 1"
sweet enough, or if some sugar would not swvihe
Giles asked how much. Witness said £6 was.;tit
figure, and Giles said that was not enough. lie Butt,
fetched the money ; and on his return, 3f,r,' aside'
Conservative, followed him in, and called G"civ'tetrt
after which Giles refused to go with witness. thong
then ran off to his brother, Thomas Taylor arl", 'biro
to work a little stratagem with him by oiler
had just polled Giles, but he said he would not (2,1,
£lO.. Soon after he saw him going to theliOs•lff°or
some Conservatives. Lane was to have had - told he
polling for Mr. Monk. On going to him •,,ne t
oti was
to come again in an hour; but in the tae,„ rote
Liberals had got ahead on the" poll, and tP"
not worth the money.
TheenqUiry was then again adjourned.

ITIVID'cIe" vn Lan
MILITIA ARTILLERY AND VOLUNTE.--t of ~,,g
Commissions signed by the Lord-Lieutellll Lauer:Tip .-
cashire :—Artillery. Regiment of Ito„Pt, First ."-",ay:
Militia : Second Lieutenant Robert Ileu' ''' h CenlP-he.
tenant, vice William Walker, promoted. 7t
reaves, t
.._
of Lancashire Volunteer Rifles.:. John ffargov of La:
cashire Volunteer Rifles : James Fenton ',.sr-biret,,,Vav ,
be Captain ; Henry Gregion, gent.,
younger, Esq., to be Captain. 9th C°ll;,ll,3exiall, fra;::
to'
to be Captain. 10th Company of 1)11„,,11-lrs '-'-'„o.t..
teer Rifles ; William Allen Praneis Sai,-, Lieuten
‘ce,
GERMANY EN 1654.—A final circurostl.3 eriod, (164.°the
men abstained from their wives, to nee will 014.)
to depict-the condition of Germany at this Photos °' bat;
The excessive despair had so ulcerated the ~_,,ioos, t _
people, and turned them from all natural Ono glooPl_Y_.
and tragic chastity. In France the Marecesntacent life
was was urged to renounce celibacy : "I to share it bole-
little," he replied, "that Ido not care , the ,
Nora ,11:.
and hued de Gassif,...
th a similar •e re
of Germany,. seemed penetrated valie German' diess
any one." All Bohemia, and moreover, .ffilba ..-
during this frightful struggle. 1
ve such b°'in hole
seemed resolved to die out, and not lea . _ A w , „
enerations. ,of to
misery as a legacy for future
Alfred .3ficlitet
House of Austria. By
nation desired to commit suicide.—
House Se.er.se.
t Ilistory