Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-11-09 00:00:00

been found that branch lines have. in place of materially
increasing the profits to the shareholders, lessened them ;
but now, when small dividen is make people ref! ?et, it is
seen too late, that the error lay not in the making of
branch lines, but the cost at which they were constructed;
this cost arising from the equally false idea, that all ex-
tensions should be of the same character of the trunk
lines to which they were to servo as suppsrts, not as
parasites. It is clear, however, that our railway system
will not be complete, until, in the words of Mr. Sharpe,
"it possess its minor channels of communication, its tribu-
taries and feeders diverging from the male channel on each
side, spreading and ramifying in every direction, drawing
produce and carrying traffic into, and oat of every town,
village, hamlet, and homestead within its reach." But he
properly adds, "This is, hoverer, what it will never
become, until these tributary lines are permitted to bear,
in the sizs and extent of their works, the same relation to
the principal lines, that, in other similar systems. the
branches bear to the main trunk." H tying thus clearly
stated the problem to be solved, he proceeds to the solu-
tion, and shows that it is only to be found in the con
structlen of what he terms " Secondary Railways," which
he again divides into two classes—a " First-class Tram_
way," worked either partially or altogether by locomotive
power ; and a " Second-class Tramway," worked by
horse power—both laid down, however, in such a manner
that the one sh all be easily convertible into the other,
when increased traffic and the circumstances of the case
require it. It would be impossible, within the limits of a
notice of this kind, which is inten led rather to deaw
attention to a pamphlet, remarkable alike for its brevity
and pith—a true Mattum in Pe-ea—than to criticise the
views therein expressed, to describle fully the character
of Mr. Sharpe's suggestions, and the manner in which he,
to our mind, satisfactorily disposes of the objections
which may be urged against them. We shall. therefore,
merely say, in concluA )n, that in his letter, his views will
be found fully and clearly developed—the calculations of
the cost of the extensions of the character proposed
by him carefully made, given—and a district, the
valley of the river C naway, in North W-ales, taken as an
illustration of the character of country fulfiling the
required conditions for the introduction of both descrip-
tions of secondary railways. The pamphlet should be in
the hand of every railway director who hopes to see our
railway system made perfect and profitable ; and of
every landowner who desires to see outlying districts of
country, now cut off by their position from trunk lines,
made part-cipators in the advantages to be derived from
railway com nunication.

THZ INSURANCE GUIDE AND HAND 1130 K.—London
W. S. D. PAteman, POST MAC ‘Zlva OM e.

This valuable work, though dediea! el especially to
insurance Agents, may yet be perusal with profit and
pleasure by the general reader. It explains in a popular
manner the whole theory of Insurance, and imparts to a
subject generally considered the most innons;:rehensible
and dryest of the day, the interest and instruction which
a well written history possesses. F.sr Insurance Agents,
however, it has a special merit. It explains the principle
and practice of Life A.ssuranee, and present position d
existing offices. It gives a history of the introduction of
the various branches of insurance now practised, and
contains a popular outline of the laws of mortality tables ;
the formation of rates of premium, with the rates of all
the offices; and other points of practice. They too, are
the best judges of its value, and to them we hearti'y
commend it.

ESSAY ON MAN'S IDEAS OF POWER, by John Faram.
London: Hamilton. Alam3 & Co. Liverpool: Elward
Rowel, Church-street.

This work, small in siz ~ but not so in merit, is a new
exposition of the principles of philosophy proper. on the
basis of three ideas, and is especially intended by the
author for young men seeking mental improvement.
If it effect no o her end, its perusal will serve as an
excellent exercise of the mental faczlties. As to its
typographical character, the work has been brolght out
in the first style of art, and reflects the highest credit on
its publishers.

TRANSACTIONS OP THE lIISTJRIC SOCIETY OP LANCASHIRE{
AND CIIESIIIRE.—VOI. ix., Sess. 18364. London: J.
H. Parker.
published. It, as usual, contains an account of the
transactions of the society durinz the p tst session,
and the papers, some of them of a most valuable
character, which were read at its meetings, are given in
full. We are r( jo'ced to find that each passing year but
adds strength to this society, and are confident in the
hope that it will long coutinu to refi-.!ct, as it now does,
lustre on our town and shire.

TILE INDIAN RLVOLT : A Sermon, preached in Hope-
street Church, on the late Fast Day, by the Re♦ John
Robberds, B.A.

REPORT ON THE PRESENT STATE OF THE WATER
SUPPLY, WITH CAUSE OF THE COMPLAINTS, AND
THE REMEDY : By Thomas Spencer, F.C.S.

Two LECTURES ON THE PAP. If:Y.—Lecture 1 : By the
Rev. A. J. Christie, S Liverpool : Rockliffe
and Sons, Castle-street.
Abstracts of thnse have been already publishei in the
local newspapers, but they are worthy to bo preserved
in the pamphlet form in which they are now issued.

At LFWI; Sc CO '4 PANT'S, Itanelagh-street,
140 TS are CLOTH/21D from the Ages of Six to Twenty Year

A letter from Ll .is, in the Orleanes, sap :—" The
sportsmen of this place ate preprinz agrand week's bunting
on the pro'rerty of Chambord. One hundred gera mei,
fond of the sport, under the direction of M. Laro,he-
foucauld, M. Paysegur, and Gaaeral de Larocbejaqueliin,
who will each bring his pack of bounds, are to take part in
it. The principal persons of the province will be present."
The severity of the pressure is beginning to excite a
movement on the part of the mercantile community. A
deputation of six of the first men of the city of Glasgow
have arrived in London for the purpose of waiting upon
the Government to state that credit in Glasgow is paralysed,
and that the mass of workpeople thrown out of emplow,
who already number several thousands, will be vastly
increased, unless some measures of commercial relief can
be devised. They will, therefore, it is understood, urge
upon Government the advisability of suspending some of
the provisions of the Bank Charter Act, as was done in
1847.

AN ATLAS GIUTIS WITH THE "DISPATCH."-0:1 and after
Sunday, October 4th, 1857, each copy of the Dispatch
will be accompanied with a map, a chart, or the plan of
of a principal town, so as to funish to each sabscrihar,
gratis, the most comprehensive, connidete and generally
useful Atlas hitherto published in Great Britain. The
size of the engravings will be that of one page of tko
newspaper, six maps and.two plans, in each year, wilt be
of double the size-17 inches by 25. The ordinary maps
will be correctly tinted, the charts will be properly relieved
in blue, and the plans will be printed in a rich colour.
The double maps will he the object of great attention in
the desire to make them beautiful specimens of map
colouring. It is hoped, in the course of no unreas,nably
protracted time, that the Dispatch Atlas will contain
more names and positions of places tnan any other Euglish
publication of the kind, The counties will be given se-
parately, and where they aro large and populous, as in the
Casa of Lancashire, each division of the count wi I occupy
a pace; again, the States of Italy .will be the subject of
six distinct maps. The names of the draughtsmen and
engravers will he the best guarantee foi- perfect accuracy.
The maps will be as full as clearness and refererce will
allow. Corrections and discoveries will be given from
the best authorities. The engravings will be in the
highest style of art,„ many thousands of pounds lying
devoted to their cost, and they will be taken from orighail
drawings expressly prepared for the series. Directors of
mechanics' institutes, the conductors of all educational
establishments, the proprietors of hotels, reading-rooms,
and coffee-houses, will, in possessing the Dispatch Atlas
be supplied with a daily want. The money rake of the
completed work may be best ascertaimadly inquiring the
selling price of any large and trusteMby collection of
maps. The Dispatch Atlas will he forwarded with the
numbers of the paper at the usual price, sd. per copy, or
6d. stamped. On the first issue some hints wiil be given
for preserving, indexing, and binding the Atlas Orders
received by every news-agent and bookseller in the king-
dom, and at the Dispatch office, 139, Fleet-street. The
Friday evening edition may be received in the most distant
part of the kingdom on Saturday morning.

At LEWIS & f OMPANY'S, Ranelagh-street.
BOYS are CLOTHED Prom the Ages of Six to TweintY Yea's•