Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-10-10 00:00:00

THE CAUSE OF THE MUTINIES IN INDIA

several days on the coast of Spain by contrary winds.
Among them are 10 ships laden with oleaginous seeds
from the East. A violent thunder storm, followed by
torrents of rain, was experienced at Marseilles on the 6th.
The streets were flooded to the depth of several feet, and
the water rushed from the Canebiere into the old port in
foaming cascades.

her most distinguished men, and very many of her rising
trenerati©n are in the service of the East India Company.
You all know the savage and brutal murders', the sacking
of various stations at which Europeans were placed, and
ha absolute, I will not say poverty, but destitution to
which an immense number of families, previously in
circumstances of comfort and happiness, have by the
decrees of Providence been reduced. (Hear, hear.) All
over this land, from various other lands, and from various
quarter, subscriptions have been made for aiding these
unfortunate persons in their dire necessities; and I am
quite sure it wilt be in' accordance with the feelings of
the county of For far—and I believe it would be offensive
to the county were I not to do so—when I propose that
instead of giving our insulated subscriptions here and
there, we should come forward with a county subscrip-
tion. (Applause.) At the head of this I shall be glad to
place my own subseription, instead of giving in the
capacity of a member of the Government. (Applause.)
I think the occasion is even greaier than that on which
we forsnerly exerted ourselves—namely, the Patriotic
Fund. Here we shall be contributing to alleviate the
sufferings of a number of individuals who have been over-
taken by the direst of all calamities, which they could
not for a moment foresee, a very different case from that
of men serving their country in war, who may expect to
be exposed to such disasters. Here the calamity was
quite sudden, and one which those who live at home at
ease are bound to take the earliest opportunity of
alleviating. I would propose that the subscriptions
through the county should be conducted in the same way
as with the Patriotic Fund, and that, when returned,
they should be forwarded to the Lord Mayor of London,
who has placed himself at the head of this great and most
patriotic object. (Applause.) .
The Clerk stated that the machinery used for the
Patriotic. Fund subscription was all complete, •and could
easily be put in operation.
Lord Pannaure's proposal was then unanimously
adopted, and the Convener and the Clerk of Supply were
instructed to make the necessary arrangements•

We have been favoured with the followmg ex-
tract of a letter from a gentleman in Calcutta to a
relative in England
You have no doubt heard of the Indian mutinies, but it
would be utterly impossible for you to imagine one half
of the cruelties that. have been perpetrated, and less so
for me to attempt to pourtray them to you. lam afraid
it will be a long time before we are in a state of security
again. The plans of the mutineers are not known, and it
is shrewdly suspected they never had any. But yet no
panacea has been found to stop the spread of the insur-
rection ; kindness and severity have been tried without
success. Every passion has been appealed to, and every
principle evoked, but all has been unavailing, and it has
become too plainly apparpnt that force alone can subiu e
the storm which has burst over us. The cruelties, inflicted
by the rebels on our wretched countrymen have been
objectless, and sprang from no settled definite resolve,
for few of them, 1 think, have been actuated by revenge.
The Indian Government will, no doubt, try to conceal a
great portion of the evidenCe that will be brought forward
on the subject, but they cannot for one moment attempt
toldeny that the whole army of Bengal is in open mutiny ;
English offi,:ere have retired to rest in security, and have
fallen victim's .to the hands of a midnight assassin, that
assassin being a soldier under their own command.
British ladies have suffered atrocities, the very mention
of which makes pale the cheek of men who have faced the
bullet and the deadly breach without blanching. and have
been slaughtered by men wearing "the uniform and re-
ceiving the pay of the British Government. In the very
metropolis of India the inhabitants are arming themselves
against anticipated attacks: houses are barricaded, and,
shipping held in readiness to receive the women and
children on the lest emergency. Would this were all
the pictUre woull be harrowing enough, but thinking men
must feel, that none can tell the end, none can forsee what
scenes may yet have to be depicted ; what fearful pages
may yet remain to be written in the History of British
India. The cause of all this frightful work rest mainly
upon the shoulders of the European officers who corn nand
the native troops, and.on the'x heads must r,est the blood
of their fellow countrymen who have fallen victims to the
soldiers under their command. The affection onee.eetere
tained by the Sepoy for their European.. officers has,
merged into indifference, and from indifference into
hatred. The wishes, feelings, and thoughts'of the native
soldiers used once to be made a topic ' of mutually inter-
esting conversation. Deeds of valour related by the
native officers were listened to by the younger officers with
a gipw of interest, and thee neither the oldest or the
youngest officer felt it beneath then to be intimately
acquahited with the interior economy of their company. '
Hew changed things are now is too palpably patent to
the whole of India. If a native officer 26.10 goes to his
superior officer's house, even on duty; his salute is list-
lessly returned; he is listened to with indifference, if not
with impatience, and speedily dismissed. And now you
will naturally ask from what cause springs this indiffer:.
ease amongst the native troops end officers? It arises
simply from this fact—Boys of eighteea are sent out here
as officers. Their whole effort is to get on the staff. The
result is this—Every boy on joining his regiment talk.;
largely of his interest, his intentions to study, and how
soon he will get on the stiff. He hopes his sojourn with
his regiment will be short, and never dreams of its being
his home for years. Can you wonder, then, that he t akes
no interest in his Sepoys, a:11 that his " esprit da carps"
is confined to the 'excellence of its band and the splendour
of its mess? These young gentlemen (?) are entirely un-
.acquainted with the languav, history, laws, manners,
customs, or the feelings and prejudices of castes of the
natives. Is it so surprising, then, that the colonels of
regiments should, up to the very moment of their soldiers
mutinying, not even know that such a thing was brewing,
and believed their regiments staunch until they were con-
vinced to the contrary by showers of bullets flying round
them ? Martial law is now generally proclaimed,' and
that alone is sufficient proof that the Government are
alive to the magnitude of the danger which surround s
them, and are determined on no half measures. We are
therefore permitted, not only to heßre but ,to feel a happy
lice, ...see e......aaeeee er IZt.O ..1/tI
made the possession of India by the British a medium for
the propagation of His word, the European force we have
will be sufficient to check rebellion and re-establish our
supremacy, and, at the same time, to inflict the punish-
ment &serving on those men who have so wantonly and
ruthlessly butchered so many persons who were struggling
for the civilisation and advancement of the native popu-
lation of India. I think I have given you an insight into
the cause of the mutinies (although, perhaps, an imperfect
one). I hope is my next to be able to inform you that
the revenge so long delayed has fallen upon them with a
tenfold force. I send you some p ipers, from them• per-
haps you will glean information.

Accounts from Toulon state that the line-of battle
ships Ulm, Prince Jerome, Tourville, and Austerlitz, at
present in that port, are about to proceed to Brest. It
is added, that a fleet of ten fast sailing steam line-of-
battle ships is to be formed at Toulon next year, and to
be placed under the command of Admiral Roma in-
Desfosses. Admiral Count Bouet Willaumea, late
Commander-in-Chief of the French fleet in the Levant,
arrived in Toulon on board the Brandon, on the 3rd
inst., and struck his flag on the 4th. Admiral C'avaud.
who succeeded Admiral Willamea in the command of
the Levant fleet, arrived at the Piraeus on the 13th
September.

ITALY.

TURIN, OCTOBER 6.

The time was once, and not very long since eh her, when
England and English politics were the bugbear'of every
despotic Government in Europe. In this respect, how-
ever, a change appears to have come o'er the spirit of
their dream latterly, for it is now almost invariably a
vision of the Emperor Napoleon [II. that disturbs their
repose, and even when they venture to indulge in fancies
of a triumvirate of Ctesars to dispose the destinies of the
Old World, they seem haunt el now by fears lest the Freuch
Emperor should play the part of Augustus to his col-
leagues' Lepidus and Anthony. What really exists for this
suspicious jealousy of the present dynasty of France
—how much it is based on solid grounds, and how much
it is attributable to the consciences of the Governments
themselves—are points that can only be clearly resolved
by the future, probably, but, in the meantime, it ,is pos-
sible and useful to watch the present sayings and doings
on both sides, so as to catch a glimpse of what they may
-actually fear or hope from passing events. In a letter
from your Vienna correspondent, dated -".Vienna, Sept.
29," it is stated that the Austrian Government "evidently
suspects the French Cabinet of having formed -plans uu-
favourable to the rule of Austria hi Lombardy :" and the
wi her goes on to say that " many of the principal Lom-
bard nobles-went. to Paris shortly before the Gover, or-
General made his entry into Milan, and almost all those
who are now in the city keep aloof from the Archducal
Court."

NANA SAHIBLM.

(From the North Briton.)
The b)rrible atrocities perpetrated. by this Asiatic
savage bairJ astonished and outraged the public
mind. Yet we know—at all events, we say and
believe—the natives of the provinces that have"
been annexed.by Britain in India to be barbarianv,
and we generally, give that fact. as a justification
for taking and holding what-does-not belong to this
country. Being savages, why ought we to be so
astonished at their conduet.? or why should they
have been trusted with the lives of British families,
and the occupation of the principal fortresses 'in
India?

In England,' Ireland, and Scotland, we could cull
from history hun,lreli of ili.aup,!a of savage abo-
minations committed uppn the people quite .as
disgusting as those of tha•lnclian revolt. The first
we shall instance is ,a. short extract from the Baron
Chronicle, regarding the conditet of the Norman
nobles. during their conqudst of -England. After
detailing disgusting 'insults to women which We
'Cannot (rote, the Chronicle 'proceeds
The men were hung by-the feet-and by the thumbs, and
then smoked with foul. smoke. Knotted strings were put
abaut. their heads, an I • writhed at tilYit went into the
brain. . They put them into. dungeOns wherein .were
adders, and snakes, and toads, and thus were them out.
Some of them they•put into a ct•ucet, that is, in a chest
that'was short and narrow, and not deep, and they put
sharp stones into it, and crushed the man therein, so
;hat they broke all his limbs. There were. hateful and
grim things, called Siehenteges, in many of the castles,
and which two or three men had enough to carry The
Sachentege was thus made : it was fastened to a beam,
having a sharp iron to go round a was throat an I neck,
so fiat he might noways sit, nor lay, nor sleep, but that
he must bear all - the iron. Many thousands they
exhausted with hunger.

It must be concluded from this information that the
Austrian Government attributes the absence of the Lom-
bard nobility from the Viceregal Court to French intrigue;
but it appears from the accounts. received from thence in
this country that since the Archduke's assumption of his
Government, his Court at Milan has been attended by
precisely the same persons whO paid Weir.: respects to
the Emperor, neither more nor less. Personally there
doei not seem to be any dislike felt on the part of the
Lombard nobility towards either the Emperor Francis
Jeseph or his brother the Governor-General, and the
comeliness of both the Empress. .add the Arch-
duchess Charlotte has produced its natural ef-
fect on the ' warm temperament of Italians of
of all classes, but still the Lombard aristocracy have got
it into their heads that, were they to give any evidence of
contentment with the present state of Government, de-
prived as they are of all participation in public affairs,
and even prohibited from the right of petition—it might
be used as an argument against them hereafter, and might
tend to mislead those to whom it is most difficult to convey
the the truth—the Sovereign and his immediate Repre-
sentative—and therefore I am inclined to think that their
obstinacy on the Subject of attending Court is of older
origin than of any French intrigue, and it is so deeply
rooted that it will hardly give way even before the henevo
lence, charity, and hospitality of the young Governor-
General, or the well meant and impartial observations of
your own correspondent. As to whether the Austrian
Government has justice or not unsuspecting the French
Cabinet of plans against its dominions in Lombarby
I cannot venture to offer an opinion. I only mean to say
that-the absence of the Lombard aristocracy from the
Vioorogal Court of tho irohduko 3e, ,Jinoo3 a... roc
appear to me as any proof of French influence.Ar.the
same time it must be. recollected that: the whole of the
Austrian Italian provinces are in a chronic state:l of
discontent, and are in consequence at all times ready
to listen to the protnptings of any enemy of Austria who
is possessed of a,good standing army.
In the soath Of Italy the suspicions of French intrigue
and conspiracy are no less conspicuous than in the north.
A few days since CCattolico published a long letter in the
'French language, tearing the signature of Charles
Garnier, and addressed to M. Lizabe Ruffioni, the private
secretary of Prince LuCien Murat, who you may recollect
published a manifesto of Muratist-politics some time
back, to which the letter of Charles Gamier is intended
as a reply. Charles Gamier, if he has an incarnate
existence, is supposed to • be some French Legitimist
employed by the Neapolitan Government to sub-
scribe his name to sueh doctimenti as the present,
letter : but it is more generally thought that the signa-
ture; like that of " Lumley de Woodyear," which is
usually appended to letters of a similar nature on Pied-
montese or English affairs, is merely a name wthout
a local habitation. -- Charles Gamier," however be he
what he may— spirit, or man, or demon—openly
amuses the Muratists :with conspiring to create a
revolution at Naples, and the. Finperor of the French
et permitting, if not of aiding them ; and he repeats
the story told of what hid occurred at the marriage of
the son of Prince Lucien, when the Annan:ller of the
Emperor, Monseignor Menjaud, Bishop of Nancy, pro-
nounced a benediction on the newly-married couple, and
told the bridegroom to draw the sword of his grandfather.
The Emperor of the French, " Charles Garnier" says
was consulted as to whether this speech of his Grand
Aumonier should be published in a certain journal,. and
that he put the manuscript in his pocket, saying " The
time has not come yet, it will be for by and bye.',
"Yes," says Charles G liner, " it will be for by and bye,"
and every one can see that it needs but one word from
the Emperor to silence MM. Lucien and Joachim Murat,
but this word " Charles Garrfer " is convinced will never
be ,pronounced, and he accepts the publication of the
manifesto of Liz Abe Ituffoni as,a. proof that it never wilt
. be, and, therefore, he, " Charles Gamier," alias " the
Neapolitan Government," takes the occasion of replying
to the Muratist manifesto through the columns of the
Ca tiolico.

Let us .pass over the ,Wars, of the Roses, the.
conduct of Cromwell in Ireland, and many other
civil events, such as the m ts.sacre of GlencJe, &c.,
and give an instance of our huliane•policy which
aappened only a few years before the conquest of
India commenced.- lArt-4 refer
.to the doings of the

butcher Cutnberland at and after the battle of
Culloden. Lord Mahon, in his " History of
England," states that—
No care or compassion was shown to their (the High-
lairler:•) wounded; nay, more, on the following day most:
of these were put to death in cold blood, with a cruelty
such as never, perhaps, before or since, has disgraced a
British army. Some were dragged feOto the thickets` or-
cabins where they had sought range; drawn.-out in line
and shot; while others were despatched by the soldiers
with the stocks of their muskets. One farm building, into
which some twenty - disabled Highlanders crawled, was
deliberately set on file next day, and burnt with them to
thr. 'rho nntivo
treated ; and even sufficient water was not vouchsafed to
their thirst. Lord Mahon (Earl Stanhope), much to his
credit, admits that there waN not the slightest provocation
to justify the butcher Duke in his barbarities. The
Highlanders, the noble historian confesses, behaved in the
most chivalrous and, merciful manner to-the wounded and
prisoners placed in their power by Altair victories during
the early part of the rebellion. But barbaric cruelty has
ever been one of the. Most prominent characteristics of the
lianoverian sovereigns of
,E ;gland. Whatever. other
virtues may belong to-the Guelphic dynasty, the attribute
of mercy most certainly-IS not one of the number.
• We now cite another witness, as truthful and

reliable as Lfwgi Mahon hiipself
Mr. Riberr Chambers, in his " History of the Rebellion
of 1745," informs us that, by the orders of the•ROyal
Butcher, worsen and children were stripped naked, and
subjected- to. unnameable horrors—that English officers
went over the field of battle, running their s ~•ords through
the wounded and the slain—that this was Bona as Much

in sport as In rage—and that, "at last they began to
amuse themselves by splashing and dabbling each other
with blood I", By order of the Duke, the wounded were
gathered in heaps. and.shot .or stabbed .to death by his
soldiers. Th 3 sick in their bed rooms..had their throats
cut by order of the Duke.

We conclude this pert of our subjectwiththe

following well authentiCated anecdote, which, bet-
ter than volumes of declamation, illustrates the
fiendish character of the sole hero (God save the
Mark !) produced by tho house of Hanover :
The Duke of Cumberland, riding over the field the day,
after the victory, attendeded
,by some of his officers, ob-
served 'a riling wounded Highlander resting on his elbow,
and staring at the Royal party. 'Cumberland asked.the
man to whom he belonged, and received for answer, " to
the Prince." The flake instant!), called to an officer to
" shoot that insolent sconndrel" The echoer, Major
Wolf, declined the task, saving that his commission. was
at the command of his royal highness, but he could never
consent to become an executioner. The' duke asked
several other officers to •• pistol" the wounded man, but
with a like result-. At length:the royal butcher called a
common soldier, who obeyed -the fi,,ndish command by
nanrclet ing the wounded man. , The Highlander thus bar-
barou-,ly slain was 'Mr. Charles:Fraser, a lieutenant-
colonel in the Master ofLovat's,tegiment. •
,Such were. the. tender mercies of this Dutch
'Sahib towards the poor devoted Scotchmen who
espoused the cause -of their rightful Sovereign:
Then, again, look at that young Emperor of Austria,
our ally. • In this, the. nineteenth century, he:
flogged naked the noble matrons and daughters of
Hungary who hail sent forth their husbands and-
sons to fight for freedom and nationality. •

The Parma Gazette publishes the new Custom-house
tariff, which is to come into operation on the cessation of
the Aurstre-Parmesan Customs' League, on stho Slat of
this present month. The same paper announces that the
applications for shares in the Stradella and Piacenza
Railways by Parmesan subjects had amounted to 2,139
i. e , 1,430 for Piacenza. and 709 for Parma.

The scarcity of apartments in Vienna is s'id to to greater
th .11 ever. It has in( n found nacessary to establih. com-
missions, complsed of municipil councilors and hou.iie
owners, charged to find lodgings for tne numerous perons
who are without a'iy.

NVe learn from the Canadian papers that a person at
Mal Bay (Gasp ) has alv4sA the recovery of the mail
%bleb was on beard the vyreckA steamer Clyo from some
fiz.hlrm-n, who had f Rind ir. s.,tne miles from thl wreck,
but, 6adiag no mon, y in it, hid determined to destroy th.
contents. Among the tatters cre bills to the amouat of
£40,805.

The Nord announces, on the f hof a Paris letter, that
the second plenipotentiaries of the treat. of Paris will hold.
a congress in the French capital in November, to settle
the quest'on of the Pi incipalities. .
Tr e Northern Daily Express records the death, at Bishop-
wearmr uth, of the wife cl Thomas It dley, builder, from a
puncture in the foot,- caused by her treading accidentally
ou a needle. Inflammation set in, and baffled all attempts
to subdue it.
We believe it is probable that the colonelcy of the 59 h
Regiment, vacant by the death of Licutenant•General
Menders n, will be conferral upon Isel+r-General Jere-
miah Taylor, who has a medal and four clasps for his ser-
vices in the Pcninsula. —Globe.
'I he Worcester Chroniels announces, with regard to the
late 'musical featly ti, that no portion of the G Jarantee
Fund is required, and that a call of. £ll 15s from e,ch
steward will meet the dtfi:ieucy. The amount already
collected for the charity no A reaches the handsome sun of
£1,120 17a 6d.
A flaw in the first proclamation of B.lfast has nlw been
corrected, and some townlands.in the suburbs have been
included in the prohibition of areas. It is also stated that
the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland Las decided not to put
any gensleman on the commission of the peace until they
have given an assurance that they no not belong to the
Orange Association.
EARL FlTZwiLmAn.—The Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, at a mee.ing at Yorkdave passed a resolution to
the effect that lhey'had head with deep regret of the
recent death of Earl ,Fitzwiliam, and desired to record
their sense.of hiti eminent ,nblic and private virtues, and
of ths honour and benefitthe society had derived from his
long tenure of the officea its president.

While an apprentice was cutting bacrn, on Thursday, et
Mold, the knife was retarded in its progress by c taking in
contact vdth a hard .stibs'ance. 03 examining a leaden
buqet was foetid firmly imbedded half an inch deep in the
inside of the flitch. , There was not the least indication of
the bullet having penetrated through the skin, and the red
streaks of bacon running through the lii!ch were perfect
and regular.
AtS&NIC n FLOUIL—Great consternation was caused a
few days ago at Neutnunster, in ll:Lakin, by the disc ivory
that about thirty perens, bAonging to eight families, had
been poisoned. Medical assistance was at once procured,
but two children died, and the lives c f several other persons:
were d spired of.. It turned out that they had all eaten
rrshes wide of flour which contained a considerabla
quantity of arses ic.. The fl;)ur was bought of a dealer at
Brarnstadt, but it has not yet been discovered how it wile.
to ba poisoned. S ,me other person', residing in the eavi',.ons
of the town, were also poisoned. An invesigatirn has.
teen ir stituted.

JONAH'S WHALII AND GuYao.—The Rev. Dr. Se•Jt's of
Corstorphine, has shown to, the Wernerian Society that
the great fida wh'ch swallowed up Jonah could 'rat be a
_whale, as often supposed, but was probab'y a whits shark.
I is true that " a whale" is not usad in th.e text of Jonah ;
but " gloat:6,h ;" still "a whale" is mentioned in raerericg
to this pase?g-, which our Saviour makes in net,. xxii. 40.
While the Greek version makes the plant under which
Jonalksat a gourd, the Vulgate reckons it a species of ivy;
but the castor-oil tree, with its •broad •palmate lenves, has
been more c`osely identified with ti,to gnnrd of Jonah.—
From Timbe' Popular Errors Ikeplained.

THE NORTHERN TIMES.---LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1857.