Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-05-31 00:00:00

PROGRESS OF THE WAR.

FROM THE "TIMES" SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT,

AUSTRIAN HEAD-QUARTERS, GARLASCO, May 22.—The
affair of Friday is considered here as rather a disaster.
The full returns of killed and wounded arrived to-day, and
exceed very much the number I mentioned yesterday. That
number was lost by Count Stadion's own corps alone, but he
had also with him one brigade of General d'Urban's corps,
and this suffered more than any other. It is blamed for
the excess of ardour which turned the reconnaissance into a
battle. Still, too much dash is a fault, so easily forgiven in
a soldier that, in spite,of all losses, the feeling here is much
what it was in the Crimea after the gallant charge at
Balaklava---regret for the fallen, but full cofidence that
such troops can face anything. During the thickest of the
fight one poor French boy deserted, riding straight at a
battery of artillery which was firing, and also in the line of
fire of the French guns. His horse was shot, but he got
up and walked cooly on. When asked why he came over,
he said he had disliked leaving home, and wanted to go
back.

Major Piers, a gentleman of an Irish family, in the
Austrian service, was severely wounded, and lying helpless,
when, I have been informed by more than one eye-witness,
he was killed by a 'French Chasseur. Such an act has only
to be mentioned, I am confident, to ensure such orders being
given as will prevent anything of the kind happening again.
Now that hostilities of another nature have commenced,
the attacks on the Austrians in the newspapers will probably
It is high time, when such leaders of public opinion

nectator WI!

those which reached us to-day, abusing Count Gyulai fo:

cruelty, on account of a proclamation to Piacenza, which
was never written. Now that Vercelli is in the hands of
the Piedmontese, I trust that the Brisish Commissioner with
their army will inquire how the, inhabitants were treated.

If they report unfavourably, they arc greater hypocrites than
any men I have yet had the pleasure of meeting. A

French detachment forded the Sesia yesterday, and forced
the advanced posts of the Austrians, but retired when the
main body guarding that approach showed itself. They
probably intended only to reconnoitre. The patrols on both
sides show great intrepidity. A party of twelve yester-
day, under the command of Captain Stankovics,
crossed the Po, reconnoitred Valenza, and returned
without the loss of one man, although seen by the
enemy, The head-quarter staff of such a large army as this
is of course very numerous; 85 officers sit down to dinner
often, and forage is drawn for 1,200 horses, as every field-
officer has a carriage and carriage horse, besides his four
The orderly officers give all their horses

or five chargers,

plenty of work. A ride of 50 or 60 miles before a 7 o'clock
breakfast falls to the lot of one of them almost daily. Their

movements are the only signs of anything going on, as the

utmost secresy is observed about every occurrence. I am
sure that many persons in this town have no idea that at

any instant some important military step may be taken. A

stranger coming into the crowded court-yard or ante-room
of the General might easily fancy the enemy 100. miles off,

not perceiving that the boots of the officer talking to the

General are dusty, that the one riding off towards the
westward is accompanied by four Lancers, and not hearing
the whisper of another saying where he is to be found
during the next half hour. My groom, for one, remarks
nothing, but talks coolly of having a horse shod to-morrow
or next day. I ani not sure that this system of secresy is
not better than discussing openly every movement, as English
officers do ; but a medium would be still better. The

imagination magnifies any calamity so much, when there is
any Mystery about it, that I cannot help thinking all past
events might be discussed without injury.

FRANCE.

PARts, Sunday Evening. —Thellioniteur gives the follow-
ing from Alessandria; dated yesterday :

" The • Emperor, wishing to diminish, inasmuch as it
depends on him, the evils which war brings with it, and to

give the example of the suppression of rigours which are
necessary, has decided that all the wounded prisoners should
be restored .to the enemy without exchange, from the
moment their condition permits them to return to their own
country. Garibaldi has entered Como; the town has been
illuminated. The enemy have retreated to Carmerlata.
The population is arming to join Garibaldi."
" LuGarro, May 28, Midday.—The troops of Garibaldi
occupy Camerlata, and are preparing to pursue the
Austrians, who are retreating on Mariano. "

Garibaldi, you will see, is nearer Milau than the Emperor

Napoleon, who, if he does not make haste, may be out-
stripped by the Italian chieftain. His Majesty, who seems
to take his great uncle as his model in many things, has
also imitated him in the restoration of these prisoners. The
copy does not quite come up to the original. Napoleon 111.
only sends back such of the prisoners as are wounded. The
First Consul restored to the Emperor Paul 6,000 or 7,000
Russian prisoners taken the year before at Zurich and in
Holland, without conditions of any kind, and not only that,
but-clothed them in their national uniform, armed them,

and gave them their officers, with ti
swords. This was done with a view to completely detach

eir colour

and their

the eccentric Paul from England. It w

sity which, while it touched the heart of the Czar, cost
France little, and there were no French to be exchanged for
them. The courtesy was not lost on the Czar : it was one
of the causes which led to the departure of the English
Ambassador from St. Petershurgh. The present act,
reducing the number of the prisoners, reduces the

cost of keeping them, and in this case also, I believe,

change. It is believed th

Alilan the most strenuous effo

matter

AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.

THE NEXT PRESIDENCY : ITS ELECTION CAMPAIGN
ENTERED UPON; DISSENSIONS TO BE MADE UP.
THE NICARAGUA DISPUTE: EXERTIONS OF THE
NEW BRITISH MINISTER AT WASHINGTON._ THE
MORMON

EW INS

lONS TO THE UNITED

STATES AUTHORITIES IN UTAH. THE RECENT
SLAVE-TRADE TRIALS : DEFIANCE OF LAW IN THE
SOUTHERN COURTS ; SYMPATHY OF THE SOUTH-
ERNERS WITTI THE TRADERS IN NEGROES; SUP-
POSED NECESSITY OF THE SLAVE-TRADE. CUBA
WANTED AS A SLAVE STATE, BUT ITS ACQUISITION
NOT PRACTICABLE UNDER THE PRESENT UNION.
PROVISION OF DRINKING FOUNTAINS AT NEW
YORK : CALL FOR BATHS ALSO. VAST INCREASE
OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

The present Presidential term of four years,
which is the 18th since the establishment of the
United States Government, commenced on the 4th
of March, 1857 ; it has therefore a year and three-
quarters yet •to run. The election, however, will
take place in the month, of November immediately
preceding ; so that until the time when the next
President will be chosen it wants about a year and
a half,—a period considered not a bit too long to
carry on with due effect the great business of
electioneering. And this business of electioneering
for the President, as you doubtless know, is as much
a matter of party, as the election of a member of
Congress is. Preparations for the campaign, as I have
in several of these communications shown, have been
going on for some time past. But now the contest
itself is being entered upon in earnest,—with all its
machinery of caucuses and cabals, and their party
stratagems and intrigues—of the nature and extent
of which there is but a faint idea in England. The
Democratic, that is the present Government party,
is so much disunited, that the other, the Republican,
is in great hopes of success. But, says the 2V-etc
York Herald, "the existing dissensions and divisions
of the New York Democracy being all about the
spoils, upon the basis of the spoils they may
be composed. Not so the divisions among

the opposition factions, here and elsewhere.
Their divisions are upon conflicting principles,
upon which there can be no accommodation.
Thus we safely predict that there will be at least
two oppoSition, parties iu the . field in 1860, as in
1850, and in the meantime the whole budget of our
political affairs may undergo such changes and
transformations as will place the democratic party
of the Union in a position to recover --in a re-union
upon Mr. Buchanan's sound and reliable adminis-
tration—all the ground they have lost in their foolish
experiments to break him down. Let the hards and
softs fight out their quarrels. They begin early,
and thus they will have plenty of time to come to
their senses before the, Charleston Convention, the
upshot of which must be harmony, when the issues
will simply determine the re-union or permanent
dissolution of the party." They do indeed "begin
early." They will keep the Union in hot water for
a year arid a half !

The new British Minister at Washington has set
to work in good earnest with the United States'
Government on the everlasting Nicaraguan business.
It appears that the amendment made to the
Nicaragua treaty by the Government of that
country, to the effect that the United States shall
execute their neutrality laws in the same article
Which Sir William Gore Ousley has admitted into
his treaty ; and the British Government object, as
does the U. S. Government, to any such provision,
considering it a very undignified stipulation to be
inserted in a treaty, that a Government shall bind
itself to execute its laws. / There need not, one
would think, be any great difficulty in rectifying
such a mistake as this, —for a mistake it certainly is
on the part of the Nicaraguan diplomatists, to treat
with such suspicion the. Governments of Powers so
infinitely more respectable than their own.

The Mormons have again been giving the Ad-
ministration at Washington a great deal of trouble.
The late judicial affair in Utah has been the subject
of very anxious consideration. The Associate
Justice (Cradlebaugh) has no doubt received their

remonstrances, and their counsel, in due course, by
private despatch. But with regard to the Military
Command in the Territory (the head quarters of
which is at Camp Floyd), it is understood that Gen.
Johnston is specially instructed to hereafter await
the orders of the Governor before calling out the
troops to act as a posse comitatus to assist the civil
authorities in enforcing the laws. The State and
War Departments at Washington have also had
made up their general instructions for the officials in
Utah in regard to the new difficulty which has
arisen there. Of course, the law is to be upheld ;
but it is justly considered most desirable that, at the
same time, no pretext should be given for resistance
either to the judicial or any other of the authorities.
It is remarked, I observe, and only with too much
truth, by the anti-slavery portion of the public press,
that the result of slave-trade cases which have
recently been before the law courts, in some of the
Southern States, clearly shows that the Federal
Government is unable to punish offences against the
laws which prohibit the traffic in negroes in its own
Courts in those States. "We do not say," one of
the more respectable of the papers observes, " that it
cannot prevent the revival of,the slave-trade, for it is
yet in its power to intercept slavers and even to
bring them to justice in this part of the Union. It
now seems certain, however, that if the trader can
escape the cruisers upon the African coast and upon
our own—and the vigilance of those cruisers is not
always sleepless - he can land his cargo in the United
States, can dispose of it and take his guilty profits
with impunity: the hand of the law is powerless to
punish him ; his vessel may be seized and sold, but
that is no worse than if lie had voluntarily scuttled
or burned her on the Cuban coast, as is so often
done ; and a recent eLmple shows that even a

naterial 1

to the actual and avowed owner of the
condemned vessel." All this has been shown to be
the case, at the recent trials. The statement is fully
substantiated by the facts of these cases. For
example,—The brig Wanderer landed a cargo of
slaves upon the southern coast, and she, it is more
than suspected, was not the only vessel which has
done so within twelve months past; her cargo is sold
and distributed abroad ; the owner does not scruple
to avow his interest in the adventure, nor his
determination to repeat- it in defiance of the federal
officers ; the vessel is sold, but he purchases her at a
nominal price, and assaults with impunity the man
who dares to bid against him, and whoever utters his
violent and unlawful act does it

withou.

upport from public opinion

A-Arl }