Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-08-13 00:00:00

Total .... 3)30,878,988

Average .. 10,292.996 13.977,328
Total i-mports and exports, 421,270 324.
X 15,370,598
17,212,549 . .... . 20708,342
16,902,910

1851

1852
185:3

3)49,565,387

61,023,G-14

Avenge.. 16,521,7Q6 20.:341;215
Total imports and exports,i'36,B6:3,oll.
Per tentage increase in 10 ye.,rs, 51.12.
In the total exports a[,d imports, including treasure, the
three Presidencies share in the following manner :
VALUE. 1853—IMPORTS.
-Merchandise. Treasure. Total.
Calcutta £4,953,675 ... £8,:387.6(12
_Madras
Bombay .. 2,860,53(i.... 7,0'37,102

Total .... 10.070,863 .6,831,377 16,902,240
IMPORTS.

Merchandise. Treasure. Total.
Calcutta X 10,738,355 £476.1,75 .... X 11,214,930
Madras
Bombay 7,604,464 ... 5 I 2,473 . . 8,146,937

20,464,13

1,055,2:30

21,519,86:3

To find a similarly rapid increase in the trade of any
long-peopled country, we must turn to the United Etates
or to England. In no other great and old state has such
an increase in trade ensued. The total value of the
Russian trade in the same period was, a?.coniing to M.
Tegoborski, who may be relied on for not understating
his ease : Imports Exports.

Years. Silver P.oubles. Silver -Roubleg.
1841
1812 82,975,600 82,225,400
3843 ...... . . . 73,238,600 79,106,600

Total ... 3)235,643,100

247,215,400

Ave! ale 3 years 78,542,900 82,405,133
Exports and imports, 160,953 033 silver roubles.

. .
Silver Roubles. Silver Roubles.
1851 .... . 102,788,500 91 213 900
1852
1853 ....... 104,22(3,900 .145,375,200

Total .... 3)303;786,200

333,063,700

Average 3 years 101,262 MG 117,687,900
Exports and imports, 218,949,96 G silver roubles.
Per ventage increase in ten years. :36.

This includes the— whole import and export trade of
Russia by sea and land, and the land trade to Chins is
considerable. The Indian trade is that by sea only, and
we have no account of the trade by land between British
India and the neighbouring countries, which is of some
importance. Turning the Russian roubles into sterling, it
will be found that the total value of the exports and
imports of Russia, on the average of the three years 1841-3,
is something mare than £34.500,000. Or if we take the
la•t year only of the series, which is above .he average, the
value of the whole import and export trade of Russia was
not in 1853 more than £39,100,000, or not much more

than the trade of India by sea. At the same time the per
tentage increase between the commencement and the
.close of the period is greater in the trade of India than
in the trade of Russia. S,,A eamparimons, when our Indian
empire is 4, great peril, we are well aware cannot have
mr.li interest for the reader, whose mind must be acrively
occupied with the terrible personal auffering4 of our
countrymen and country A omen in India ; but it is due to

the India Company—hotly assailed on account of a great
and perhaps unavoidable calamity—to show that the
prosperity of India, as measured by its trade, has been
rapidly on the increase. We number ourselves amongit
those who believe that the best of governments can do
nothing so effectual to promote the increase of trade as
to leave it to its own energies, and those are scarcely
genuine free traders—certainly they do not belong to the
laissez-faire school—who perpetually demand a great
extension of production and trade at the hands of the India
Company.

Of the ,c)untries which trade with India, next to our
own China is pre-eminent. The total value of the trade,
import and export. between India and China, inclusive of
bullion, was as follows :
Years. Value of Imports. Value of Exports.
1848 .. 1'2,050,037 12,595,444
1849 .. .. 3,940,363 .. 6,283,614
1850 . . . . 3,134,717 . . 3,866,108
1851 .. 2,836,653 .. 3,746,604
1852 .. 3.2.31,952 .. 4,582 172
1853 . . . 3,297 751 . . . 4318,857
The trade of no other country with India approximates
to the trade with• China. Next in value as to imports i•
" Arabia and the Persian Golfs," Between 1848 and 1853
the value varied from £912 906 to X 1,096,202 And then
follows "Singapore and the Malacca Straits," the value of
tke imports from which varied in the same period between
4875,644 and £526,148. For exports, Singapore stands
higher than Arabia and the Persian Gulfs. The value of
the domestic produce of India exported thither varied in
1.81.'3 and 1853 between £515,366 and £712 214, while the
value of the exports to Arabia and the Persian Gulfs
• va,ied between X 260,139 and £369,939.
.To 1853 the trade between India and Australia was
rapidly increasing. We copy a few of the figures :

VALUE OF THE TRADE BSTWEEc BRITISH INDIA AND
AIISTIIALIA.
Years. Imports.
1848
18411

Exports.
£4,312
8,582

1810.
1851 . ll 4 183
1852.
1853.
The increased prosperity of the colonies shows itself in
the trade to 'lndia as well as in the trade to England. The
above total of the India trade, and these specimens of its
trade to different countries, and of its trade with the home
empire which weegave last week, will suffice, we think, to
vindicate the teovernment of India from any charge of
gross neglect.
Before we condemn it, let us remember what the best
organised Governments of Europe have done for the trade
of their people. There is not one of them which does not
encumber trade with onerous and futile regulations. One
will not allow corn tote exported ; another keeps out coals
and iron, or levies such heavy duties on them as to make
importing them scarcely practicable. One will not allow
new trades to be established unless they be connected with
some stoci-jobbing concern ; and another maintains a
fixed number' of tradesmen in every one of the old trades
established. How short is the time which has elapsed
since we abolished the mostezoxions and foolish restriction
that ever a nation imposed on traffic. Not contrasting
the acts of the Government cf India with theoretieal
feneles, or with what it might within the' region of possi-
i2ility have accomplished, bat contrasting i's acts with the
acts of the enlightened Governments of Europa—contrast-
ing them generally -with thre-policy pursued by all the
S ates of Europe m respectito trade,—we must demur to
the conclusion that the Government of the Company, is a
worse or as bad a Government, as that of most of the des-
potic States of Europe.
One charge rude against it is, that its offiee,s cannot
enforce its decrees and levy taxes without the aid of the
military, nor travel without an escort. the corruption of
the Sepoys is attributed to their being employed in en-
forcing the civil government. They have been separated
into little parties, and their diecipFne and esprit de corps
destroyed. The company is aci:used of having frittered
away and wasted its means of safety. But in how many
of the welt-governed States of Europe is the case differen• ?
In most of them the power of the Government is so
long established, and generally so secure, that the people,
let who will administer it, have no idea of resistance.
Yet in which cf them does the Sovereign, as the rule,
dare to travel about without a respectable military escort ?
In which of them doss the Sovereign dispense with a hugs
military force and police for the preservation of order ?
Where in Europe, are the people relied on voluntarily to
pay taxes ? Not to speak of such half-subjugated countries

as Italy and Hungary under Austria, or of Poland under
Russia, but of the long-poseessed and heriditary dominions
of the Soverig as of Europe, where can we find a country in
which military domination is ever laid aside ? In ancient
times the sovere'Frn rode with his troopers to do justice
amongst his people—to hang robbers and put down dis-
turberF, but the trocps that now attend him are guards for
the protection of Ins own person. Our own country,
blessed with a limited monarchy, is free from such
lamentable perversions; but the time is not remote when
a strotg body of police and a strong b dy of military were
required in Ireland to levy lilies and the public taxes.
Insurrection Acts and simi!ar acts, the last of which was
pawed since the parliament was reformed, testify to the
fact that the policy has not been worse in India than that
pursued even here with reference to Ireland. Why should
the India Company be blamed for not being in advance of
the policy of all the governments of the age? Every man
fancies it might have done some wonderful things which it
has not done. What Paul Louis Courier said of his
countrymen, that every one thought himself fit to reign, is
true of us in another sense. Every man here does not
believe that he ought to be king, but he believes that he is
fit to govern empires, and accordingly he condemns, for
some unfitness or other, all who actually govern them, and
who must, they not being he, think and act differently from
him. The condemnation of the government of British
India is vary general, but that it is comparatively very
just must not be inferred.—Ecommist.

CANADA.

ARRIVAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN.

The Montreal Ocean Steam-ship Company's
screw-steamer North American; which sailed from
Quebec on the Ist inst., arrived here yesterday
afternoon, having made an excellent passage of
less than eleven days, although she encountered
easterly winds all the passage. The regularity and
speed with which the vessels of this line perform
their runs, have rendered them among the foremost
ocean steam-ships afloat.
The North Ameriaan, in addition to a large
general cargo, and the usual Canadians mails,
brings 71 cabin, and 73 steerage, passengers.
The Canadian news by this vessel extends to
the Ist instant, inclusive, but it does not contain
any intelligence of importance. The Quebec
Grand Jury -had prepared a presentment respecting
the burning of the steamer Montreal, in which they
state

Wnereas this province has been visited by a terrible
calamity in the burning of the steamboat Montreal,whereby
upwards of 230 persons lost their lives; and whereas, upon
examination, we find that there has been the most culpable
carelessness of life manifested by the owners and officers
of the said steamboat, we do pray the court to request the
Hon Arable the Executive Council to enforce the law re •
quiring the frequent examination of steamboats and rail-
reale, and also that each steamboat (whether passenger or
ferry-boa.) b 3 provided with the proper apparatus for the
saving of human life.
The Montreal Herald says:—
The other day the government was suidenly waked up
from its lethargy on the subject of steamboat inspection
by the affair of the Montreal, and Mr. Parkyn was re-
appointed—as metal after the mischief caused by the
neglect of the precautions supposed to be required had
been consumma`ed. Last session they passed another
law giving them authority to appoint railway inspectors
Have they done se ? If not, why not? Are they only
waiting for another disaster? We never have professed
any great faith in the saving efficacy of government
inspection but if the government fitted it necessary to
enact the law, surely they should carry it out.
The Quebec Chronicle giv,s currency to the fol-
lowing :
A letter from Mayor Morrin and Mr. Tessier, the dele-
gates to England cn the seat of government question, was
read at the meeting of the city council, on Friday evening
last. During their interview wi,h 31e. Labouchere, secre-
tary for the colonies, he inquired as to the natural and
commercial position of Canada, and particularly of the
pert r f Quebec. The question of the seat of government,
the right honourable gentleman stated, would not be de-
cided until the memorials setting forth their claims had
been received from all the aspiring cities. Our'delegites
express the greatest confidence, and we are told, if they
may judge from the opinion in high places, that there is
every reason to believe Quebec wilt be selected as the
capital of Canada, as it will be, eventually, of the United
Piovince3 of British North America.

The Canadian press are much engaged in contro-
versy respecting the conduct of the government:at
the late Quebec trials. The Montreal Gazette,
eliding to the Hudson's Bay charter, says ,
The Toronto Globe republishes Chief Justice Draper's
statement of the filets upon which the Canadian claim is
based, and cries out that Canada has been sacrificed. It
would have its readers believe that the only demand. made
on behalf of Canada was that which, accepting the 49th
parallel fur a bowaaary west ci me liainy Lake, only Lock
in a small district in the vicinity of that lake. Now, Mr.
Draper did nothing of the kind. He did not commit
himself to any limitation of the Canadian claim. The
whole scope of his memorandum was. to rhow that the
present claim of the company is a mode= one—that in
former times they did not themselves understand their
territories to be so large as they now represent them.
When giving his evidence before the committee, he spoke
of the propriety of fixing 40e boundary which the
Committee itself proposed in 1700. It ran along the
parallel 53° through the territory west of the bay,
and gave France the Red River and Assiniboine, and the
greater part of Lake Winnipeg and the Sa.katche wan
country. Now, this is nearly all to which Canada could
make out a satisfactory claim under the French occupation
The Northern discoveries of the C)ppermine, MacKerzie,
&c., were. all made by Hearne, MaJienzie, and others,
either under the authority of the Company, or after the
cession of Canada to the British. That territory was never
French. The Company may have no good title to that cr
anyt..ing, since its charter will very likely ba declared
worthless when subjected to the ordeal of a judicial
investigation. But Canada cannot claim jurisdiction there
as a matter of right—only as meter of policy. Guided
by the rule which would give us all rights acquired by
prior French occupation, we arrive at this result; and by
that other rule fir limiting the extent of the company's
territories, to which we referred when last debating
this question, it will be found that the territory, the
trade,of which belongs properly to Lake Superior and the
Mississippi, not to the Hudson's Bay, and which should
therefore he wrested from the company's usurpation, does
not extend very much farther north. Our very zealous
cotempotary should remember the two branches of the
qaestion,and distinguish between what Canada may legally
claim as inherited by her from France (and so excluded
from the company's charter,) and what it may be policy
to hand over to our keeping, should the dominion of the
company be broken up. With respect to the first point,
Judge Draper's conduct has been satisfactory enough; on
the latter, we confeess, he has been most particularly
caurious and diplomatic, not making his demands so great
as the public of Canada desired he should do and would
have supported him in pressing, and has treated the com-
pany, whose pretensions he was sent out to oppose, in the
most friendly spirit imaginable.
The following is Messrs. Forsyth and Bell's
report of the

QUEBEC TIMBER TRADE.
During the last fortnight our market has been very quiet
although a good many rafts have changed hands. On the
whole the turn of the market is in favor of the buyers,
although seders are not pressing so eagerly as they were
about the middle of the month.

Rifts of 55 to 57 feet have been soil at 6111. to 61d. for
good quality, while inferior and ordinary of the same
average can with diffiealty be placed at from 411. to 51. ;
60 tz. 65 feet good timber is worth 61d. to 7d., and larger
averages 711. to 91. A good deal in the market is in
first hands, and a reference to the Comparative Statement
issued from the CuHeti' Office, will show a large amount
measured within the last fortnight.
RED FINE attracts little no ice unless it is large and
girthy. One or two good rafts of 47 feet have been sold
at 91d., while some is held at 101 but of large size.
OAK continnss dull, mid the prices in England have
given way, so much as to dater shipments in any quantity.
ELSL is in bsttey demasd especially for 35 to 40 feet
average which is vobrth is to is 21, and smaller sizes are
dearer is proportion.
TAM AR tc has been sold at 711 to 91 for 28 to 32 feet,
while for 40 feet holders are looking for Is for Square.
Little or nothing doing in flatted.
STANDARD STAVES Cave given way and sales have been
matte at £55. Puncheon ore in demand at £l6 to
but contracts to sell at £l6 are offered without Onding
buyers.

DEALS are ;13 !lc% as when we last quoted them, the
demand on the tvhole behig rather languid for Pine but
good for Spruce.
FREIGHTS : A good nreYer of vessels were taken up
last week but at the in-rnent there are very few off2ring.
30i 61, for Glasgow; 803 to 853 Lr Deals for London have
bee❑ given ; but for Liverpool we have nut hard of any
resent transaction.
At Montreal Exchange on London was quoted
at 10 per cent. premium for 6 day bills. Both
lands of Ashes were steady, but prices tended
downwards. Flour sold at former rates. Pro-
visions were steady at former prices, and freights
quiet,