Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-12-22 00:00:00

CORONER'S COURT.

LITERATURE.

The Coroner held the following inquests yesterday :
On the body of Thomas Simon, a labourer, who resided in
Icing-street, Park, whose body was found on Sunday in the
Pottery Hole. It appeared that, on Saturday night, the
deceased went hone and gave his wages to his wife. He
then went out in order to get shaved, but was not seen
after, until his body was found in the hole. It would
appear that he was to have received some club money on
Saturday night, but his wife did not knew whether he had
got the money or not. From certain marks found on the
head and body of deceasA, it was suppos,d that some foul
play had been resorted to, and the inquest was adjourned
tor the purpose Obeying a post morteza examination cf the
body made, and also to procure some farther evidence.
Oa the body of James bi Kenna, a porter, who died in
the Northern Thspital On Friday last the deceased was
at work on board the City of Manchester s'eamer, and, by
some accident, a sack of corn fell out of the hook and fell
es the back of deceased and fractured the spine ; and Dr.
Wall, of the hospital, s ated that the deceased died from
the injuries. Verdict, " Accidental Death."
On the body of a labourer, named Jamcs Moore, who
was fount) drowned. The enly evidence in this case was,
that deceased left a comrade after 12 on Saturday nigh',
and was not teen after. Verdict. " Found Drowned."
On the body of a child named Skelly, that was burnt in
Bent-street. The dwails of this c.ss appeared in our paper
of yesterday. The jury found a verdict of "Accidentally
Burnt."

PARLIAMENTARY NOTICES-AFTER THE

RECESS,

Sir De Lacy Evans—lndia (R -inforcement of Troops)—
Select committees to inquire concerning the measures
resorted to or which ►ere available, as to the lines of com-
munica'ien adopted for reinforcing our army, during the
pending revolt in India, and to report thereon to this
house; with a view to ascertaining the arrangements
which should be made, towards meeting any future
important emergencies involving the security of our
&stern dominioes.

Mr. Grinths—To ask the First Ltrd of the Treasery,
whether it be the case, that M. Thonyenel, the French
AmbaFsabr at Constantino,)le, or any other person
authorised by the French Government, has lately applied
to the Port for permission for the execution of the project
of the Isthmus of Sur-z Canal; and, if so, whether her
Majesty's Government consider that the true interests of
this country require them to offer a positive opposition to
the success of that application.
Mr. T. Dune-mbe—Baron de Rothschild--To call the
attention of the hone to the fact that, during the present
and two preceding Parliaments, only three of the members
returned by the City of London have taken their seats;
and to move the following resolution :—That Baron Lionel
Natham de Rothschild, a member of the Jewish persuasion,
and returned by the City of Loudon, be permitted to take
the oaths appointed by law, in such form as shall be binding
upon his conscience, and in accordance with the faith he
professes.

Sir H. Verney—Netley Hospital—Address that the plan
proposed for Netley Hespital may be refer:ed to the Barrack
and Hospital Commission, with an instruction to consider
whether the present fonndati,las can be used for a con•
necting corridor, and separate pavillions containing the
wards built at right angles with it.
Sir J. Pukington—Education—To move for an inquiry
into the state of national education in England.
Mr. Campbell—East India (Army, &c.)—Detailed
statements of the entire strength and cost, on the lit of
January last, of the three native Inlien armies, regular
and irregular and dktingnishing their allowances from
their pay ; of the tote' strength and coat of the European
Company's army in the three Presidencies, diatingaishing
allowances from pay; of the strength and cost of the
Queen's trolls employed in India at the samo date, dis-
tiaguiehing allowances from pay; of the cast of main-
taining the camp equiprge, tents, camels, elephants, horses,
bullocks, Klassles, Laseara, &e., for tha armies of India,
the Governor-General, Governore, Commanders•in-Ohief,
and heads of department; civil and military,anneally far the
past five years; and of the barrack accommodation now
existing for European troops, the stations occupied and
abandoned, and cause of abandonment, between 1830 and
1857; and a detail of proposed rev stations for European
troops in the hills or plains, and whether or not reilw y
contiguity is being made a principle in this extension of
European barrack accommodation.
Mr. Greer —Bank Acts--Instruction to the committee to
inquire into the operation of all the laws affecting the
currency in Great Britain and Ireland, and report what
amendments, if any, they may consider desirable.

THE NORTHERN TIMES,LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1857.

ht
breathless to look at. We leave him to Aee .0
e 1
battles with the advocate of a paper currencl,"o
with those who believe that the worst of the 1:4
is over. There are many opinions he expressill
which we do not agree, end some in which pro'
no Englishman of whatever way of thinkill 14
agree. We by no means concur with lit
esteeming Russia the strongest Governs3o°,,bo
Europe. We are perfectly satisfied that n,"tiiii
financially nor physically does England totit'acha
help of any nation to win her battles in 'hio
With every thankfulness for the manner Woo
Mr. Train enthusiastically calls upon his (3°Liegled
men to proffer their aid in our Indian strlllo4l
, one can hardly help being amused when 148 ts
forms the world that America alone eau s"tise
the Saxon race the Indian empire." The que'ricier
how long Delhi may stand, unless Alllet,..erd
aid be afforded, is pretty clearly sus;
that
by this time. For the purpose of settlithw of
point, at all events, we shall not need the butt
that reinforcement of unemployed American°Tlet
which Mr. Train urges forward to our reliert.otel
following passage will be read with some curio;
by Englishmen. Mr. Train is considering
°died
America is to do with some 500,000 able'bieel,
men who, he anticipates, will be begging for goof
to earn their bread during the coming sell! the
diatress. Here is one method of relieving
country from the pressure :-
01
First, when England asks us in the proper way, cis
one hundred thousand of them to India. The Pre?3,,,itioSe
of the equipments of the soldiers their arms and On" loaf
of war, provisions and general disbursements fors
cor
voyage, will give employment to a wide circle of u?eptlolf
ics and traders. Shipping rotting at the wharves oi`osst;
signs of life at the prospect of a fair freight to the sad
and labour is stimulated by getting away the shllig'histi
giving stevedores and sailers something to do. i
be paid for by England.
sist*
Americans are better soldiers than Hessians, 03,,r0cel
or Swiss. An American is born a soldier. He o°lo
in the cradle with a pop-gun. He shoots a wooleecte tit
the wing at fourteen, and at twenty he is instructed "d tbs
the squirrel in the eye. That story about Scott an
coon is no exaggeration.
America has a staniing army of a million of soldttn1;01
West Point schools the officers ; and every State, :vet
city, every country, every township, boasts its "111-10
regiments. England can make a sure contract is
ost
country to have India conquered in four weeks
['tiding in Bulge], for a fair compensation.
~zeiA
America is a military nation ; but being a 401
unassuming people, we seldom talk about our stn
army.
11°
England is not—never has been—and nev r
001 l
Corporation laws forbid the firing of guns, and 'l'
tb
sharp-shooters in the kingdom, out of the army,nh'4
astt
poachers. Where can the poor man learn to Alisonl
Out of the British army, they never see a fire-arm. ,
says, England is not a military nation. The people for'
no woodcocks or spirre!s to shoot. The game 13'00
made for the aristocracy. America has no PO! 00'
And throughout our broad domain—from. youth icitoff
hood—you eannct find a your g American who does 1:10
a Bible, a grammar, and a gun.
No one, however, will be disposed to quacraiesof
an American for a little national see!-sulk %,001r
when on tha theme of his own country. -re,li„,gia
men abroad are rarely very diffident in en'
upon their corresponding topic.
With a work before us which, in addition t11:1:
great leading subjects, in themselves inexloll9ttspi°
tonehes more or less upon almost every veep
which could by possibility be compressed be tioo
two covers, we can attempt nothing 001%00°
mar.oly to direct attention to its contents. , be
systematic outline of its structure is 0.1
yond the capacity of a hasty newspaper 1100 of
The few specimen passages quoted aboveiithor
s:rve to indicate what the qualities of the 8-eicit,
principally are. He is a man of sin,gularly 'loos
and penetrating observation, but, like mos:; I;if to
such capacity, inclined to trust too imnlielf eel
the results of a keen glance into the aspect
t°oll9'
and strange communitiee. He is, emphardor
self-reliant, and naturally, therefore, apt to a°oge
rise hastily upon his own views and inferenees'ci
displays remarkable judgment in discovering% eo
ing season of trouble from portents of will fe
can now all perceive the meaning, but wbi
14
could read so rightly and so early as he did';o010
reviewing his former work, we took ocoits'eeiti
remark upon a similar depth of penetration e'ofet
his hurried review of the position of British Plod
in India before the outbreak which has 11W es)t
into a rebellion. But he sometimes sees too 0410
as most quick-sighted men occasionally do
eitcor
his predictions as to the issue of the present doll I
gle, unaided by American arms, will prove titer' 1
futile, every day tend more to show. In ?ill se
of England, or phase of English society, h® ly°,
any symptoms from which a man 'chid
senses could possibly augur an aPPrf%sArlo
internal physical convulsion and ';etitre'
outbreak, we are utterly unable to c°lU-clefir
These are the errors of certain capabilitiesloit
loped too rapisly, and kept in labour too cons'reeir 1
Englishmen will form a very inadequate all tioit
tion of the merits of the work, who base id ,
opinions upon these peculiarities. It vic4Tseili
needless to say that in many places gr:0003:,
falls into literary blunders, not out of ign:, Pt'
but out of mere over-haste. When be ei'llee cOrf
Quixote, and means honcho Panze, ; when ers °
founds the Turks with the Saracen foliniviosso
Mehemet ; when he talks of the Mexicans'ef'
or
Cortez encountered, as " an effeminate rechse#,l
disguises a vague recollection of poor -Plc
apologetic introduction—" an ill-favour" the old
but, mine own," in the following style, "esee,
lady said of her children, ' very comeaonl3","or
e
nevertheless, mine.'" One must remena" ofli1,;
incessant change of scene, climate, and waYies'i
would confuse the memories of men more gnioe
mere literature than our adventurous eht3133,,L
commerce. Readers much inclined to ver7dase,"
china will probably think the pages too 1),,`Ilo(111,1i.
garnished with the phrases of American ie.„-s er'el;
But the book is not one meant to be tu-ro sung
cised, or likely to receive a fair estimate Worigioo
readers. It ir, on the whole, a work full of Ilion 130
vigour, and widely-gathered information, ccood
one can possibly find barren of interest' coireu
one can read without feeling that he has
many things unknown to him before • 81 ,00" fr
is written with a candour, and a goo' d thos
,‘O.l
certain to win regard and favour even Lr' of 115
who are the most determined opponents
views.

which our author endeavours to prove that specie
enough exists for the " yar.l currency'' which he
advocates. Of " free trade" Mr. Train is an ener-
getic and thorough champion to the fullest extreme.
" Stop building custom-houses, but nothing else,''
he urges with repeated emphasis.
That Mr. Train does not hold out any hopes of
a speedy and easy restoration of commercial tran-
quility, the reader will have perceived from the
passage just quoted. Ho plainly declares that the
sooner the world makes up its mind for a commer-
cial struggle, surpassing in depth and extent every
other the history of mankind records, the better.
" You may take," he says, " all Use statistics of all
the panics for the last three centuries, add them up,
and then multiply by two, and you will not make
a sum equal to the general depreciation on property
throughout the world in the years 1857 and 1858,"
In the following passage Mr. Train argues his point
by a comparison between the position of American
Banks during former emergencies and the position
they are placed in now.
In 1814 all the Banks of the country failed except
those of Ne,v Eagland (their paper was worth twenty
per cant. above that of the Federal Government; this
time I should judge its value was considerably more than
that below •it). About the time that the Iron Duke
prayed " that night or Blucher would come to his
assistance," and the "Little Corporal" was straining
his eyes through a telescope for Grouche, on the Field
of Waterloo, the United States found it somewhat
difficult to get a discount, and thousands were made
bankrupt.
The war closed; National Bank number two was
eft iblie'aed; Maideon signed the charter, April 10th.
1816. Its capital was thirty-five million dollars.
The charter was for twenty years.
National Bank number one had a capital of ten
millions. The charter was signed by Washington for
twenty years. About the time that it expired, another
Bank was projected, bat Clint° casting vote defeated
the bill. The next Congress succeeded in establishing the
Bank which has made Biddle famous.
The banks having failed, this great national institution
was a blessing- to the caunzry.
The other banks struggled hard to keep their heads
above water. In 4'ebruary, 1816, the Union Bank tried
to resume specie payment; the Virginia Banks copied her
example.
In June, 1817, the New York Legislature passed a bill
compelling the suspended banks to pay twelve per cent.
interest on their notes if they did not resume. (Why are
the bill holders not waking up to this forcing
process?) Towards the en of the year gold
poured in, but the expansion and sudden contraction of
the National Bank broke nearly all the merchants.
Paper expansion occasioned the panic.
The National Bank worked mach better than the others.
I believe the pane of 1825 would have been worse without
it. On the 10th of July, 1832, " Old Hickery" vetoed
the U. S. Bank bill, and the following October removed
the deposits, amounting in the several bank to forty
million dollars. That year the thirty per c:nt. (sliding
scale) tariff went into effect.
To prevent a crisis arising from the removal of the
specie, Biddle commenced discounting. The extent of the
expansion can ba seen by the fact that the bank issues
increased from 360,000,000 dols in 1835, to 525,000,000
dole before 1837. Of course this expansion drove the
specie out of the country to pay the foreign credi,ors, and
buy the forego grebe, and eat everybody to speculating
in "under wawa' lands, and all kinds of stocks. 'Tis
always so.
To arre3t these insane land speculations, General Jack-
son issued the Treasury Circular 11th July, 1836, providing
that all receipts for the sale of public lands must lee made
in geld and slyer. It was afterwards modified, permitting
the receipts of the bills of specie-paying Banks. During
the balance of the year, the rumbling of the distant
thunder announced the approaching storm.
Jusenhs cerntneneel the ball in March. Their liabilities
were some 7,000,000 dols ; their assets exceeded this sum
about a million. About the same amouirts were shown by
the Ohio Life and Trust Company, and I think they will
pay about the same dividend !
Morgan, receiver f,r the country Banks, came down next.
'Twas the woe this time with Thompson. The failures
from October, '36, to April, '37, were some 70,000,000 dols.
The failures from August to November, 1857, will
amount to some 200,000,000 dots.
Two hundred houses stopped in Boston in six weeks.
Specie ranged from ten to fmrteea per cent. premium,
when out came another Treasury Circular, authorising
Government to receive in payment, on all occasions, the
bills of specie-paying Banks. The absurdity of this
measure will be observed by remembering that all the
Banks had failed—as is the case. to day.
Then the New York Banks came down on the 10th of
Iley. The Boston and New England Banks followed.
' This year I remark the same analogy. The next day the
Baltimore and Peiladelphta Banks broke. Tais time they
preceded New York.
The merchants' circular to Government, prepared by the
3rd of May Committee, spoke of the great depreciation
of property, some thirty to forty per cent., and the
terrible effect of the hard times upon the rich as well as
the poor.
Twenty thousand men were out of employment.
There ale twice that now, and the hard times have
hardly commenced.
Twelve hundred thousand dollars in specie were sent
abroad in August, 1837, and the Government got out their
Treasury notes. About the same amount came this way
in the " Persia " in October, 1857.
On the 27th of November, 1837, one hundred and
thirty-five banking delegate-, representing eighteen States,
met to discuss the necessity of resuming specie payment.
They were in session fonr days, and adjourned till April,
having accomplished nothing bat drinking up a good
quantity of bad liquor, and eating everything that came
tie their way, (for the benefit of their shareholders). Have
there been any similar meetings this year ? •
On the 16th of April, 1838, they met again, and
advised all to resume cn the first Monday of January,
1839. The only result of this second meeting was,
the discussing of a few more good dinners. The advice
was a dead letter. The banks tried to resume, and failed.
The United States Bank of Pennsylvania suspended on
the 9111 of September, 1839. This bank, it will be
remembered, was raised upon the worn-out fabric of the
old National Bank, vetoed by Jackson in 1832, and
expired by limitation in 1836.
The National Bank never failed to pay its obligation.
The bank that failed bore the same name—was managed
by the same President, but existed under a charter from
the State of Pennsylvania. Yet foreigners cannot s'parate
the two iostitutions. At this time, everybody looked to
Biddle. Biddle struggled hard. 'His three and twelve
months poet noes did not work, and 'twas as ab and for
him to try and stem the tide by buying up the cotton
crop, as for Mrs. Partington to mop away the sea. He
tried to resume, and did, on the 15th of January; but
down he came again, in February (1851). He fought
hard, but the odds were against him. Six millions of
specie were paid away in a few days, and all the Wall-
street dodges of having expressmen ride up, and petters
carrying in bags of cents, &c , were resorted to, without
avail. Of course, thie knocked all the other banks off the
roost except the Now-York and New-England institutions.
The Sub-Treasury Law was repealed on the 9th of
August, 1841, and, on the 1.9t1i, of the same m onth, Congress
passed a uniform Bankruptcy Act, to go into operation on
the Ist of February, 1842, which released between thirty-
five and forty thousand bankrupts, and cleared off about
five hundred million dollars indebtedness. You never saw
a more disgusted set of men than the one million of credi-
tors when they received their dividends.
Kentucky was the only State that made any show at all.
To her everlasting credit, she paid eighty cents on the
dollar.

COPYRIGHT IN PICTURES.—The committee aPPna law
the Society of Arts to enquire into the state of th;ecl,
reference to c. pyright in pictures will, we under
0 00
their first meeting in the course of a few titi/serfe
following gentlemen have already consented t°
the committee :—Sir C. L. Eastlake, Erik'tiotsl af
Hur'stone, President of the Society of Britishr
F. Lewis, President of the Society of Painters copr
Colours, John Bell, D. Roberton Blaine, F.
mike,S I°'e
Si
Hole, C 8., Dominic Colnaghi C. Went worth D
n Jolrt
Fenton, W. Fli ',gate, G. Godwin, F.R.S., A" pa
John eighton, J. Linnell, W. Mulready, 13." Oa
jun., William Tooke, F.R.S.
gri.,sl3''f, es'
AN ENCJUNTER Wins BURGLAIS NEAR tO Ifoby
Sanday morning last, a dari: g attempt was luau" 00°-
into the residence of Mr. John Holland, 3t
lused Aoof'
The rpe. It appears that Miss Holland was r't the "vie,
her sleep by hearing a kind of buzzing noisa: the I;sn bia
Os going to the window she observed men iirlight who
one man standing near the door with a small ders)atheth
hand. She immediately called Captain San TheY goes
was was on a visit to the family, and the grooot_nt eel,. a
wtnt down stairs, and on proceeding to t!-e
they found the do It, (a new one) had been i;rth 3140
centre bit. The captain and the groom werehurglarsl the
On going out they at once confronted the
were standing near the house. They were oru's'hoodout,
eaptaiu to leave the premises, but as they
te fired the
evident inclination to stand their groan"; Ho° od bll the
barrel over their heads, when they ran off, f° Ilex
had babe
captain and the groom. One of the gang, eo at rD'
g d thef
t
pursuers. likely set watch, then dischatgadAebte oft
pursuers. The contents (No. 2 shot) passau_uoi wi° was
and broke three panes of the dinitopree
1., and
e. 0
Another roan then sprang from
instantly fired at by the groom, Whoa Bon was who
double charge. The captain's second barrel
the shrublonroloietti:eo
levelled close over the heads of some of trusaue7l the
e,i •
had become entangled in a fence.
down the park ; one of them 110 "lad PreseL'ttifice
stopped and P
trope
Pistol at the captain's bead, which P"vi te, the e.. 1,010
missed fire. The captain and groom owing. orsol%o,
darkness, became seperated, and found fuill:intdirec,"3
flo
useless, as the villans scampered off in tie
d.
fleas eirPec'e.re.
but without the booty which they don
their Or
obtain. A large reward has been offered 101
henaion,—Stamford Mercury.

Maryland ppil ten; Illinois six-and-a-quarter ; Tennessee
four-anl-a-half ; Massachusetts four ; New Jersey one ;
while Michigan, lowa, Counecleut, Maine, Pennsylvania,
Alabama, Virginia, and Washington City, paid so much
less than one per cen,. on the dollar, it is not worth
mentioning.