Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-09-02 00:00:00

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2. 1857.

THE MUTINIES IN INDIA.

[CO➢IMUNICATED.I

and carried on. It is full time that some change
was made in the laws_ regulating'public-houses.
The licensed victualler should not be placed at
the mercy of the police-officer. It is impossible
to enforce sobriety by Act of Parliament, nor can
the morals of the people be promoted by empow-
ering the guardians of the public peace to insti-
tute proceedings such as occupy the police
magistrates for hours every Friday. Laws more
arbitrary and inconsiderate do not exist, and the
Legislature could not be better employed than
in regulating every thing that is obnoxious, and
freeing the liquor dealers of the United King-
dom from every annoyance and unreasonable
hindrance to the fair and legitimate exercise of
his or her calling.

THE painful details of the progress of the
Indian mutiny, published by us on Monday
morning, will hardly have astonished, however
much they may have harrowed, the feelings of
our readers. it seems as if wherever, throughout
the North-west Provinces of India, there were
any Europeans to be murdered, they have met
that, or a more terrible fate—as if, wherever
there were any regiments of native infantry,
cavalry, or artillery to revolt, that mutiny has
been the " order of the day."
The blood of every E iglishman may well boil
over with a crying indignation when they read
of the terrible deaths of the wives of their fellow-
countrymen, their children, and sisters ; and we
wonder that all the wild youth of England do
not arm themselves with revolver and with rifle,
and go forth by the next few Overland Mails, not
to do battle, but to take vengeance on the mur-
derous Sepoys. We speak advisedly when we
say that their assistance would not be refused ;
that if a few hundred of the young men who are
idling away a life given them for a better purpose
and for a higher end, were to go out to Calcutta
at their own expense, and present themselves
armed and equipped at Delhi, Agra, or Lucknow,
that their assistance would be thankfully
received, and that they would " see• service," and
would " deserve well of their country."

Believing, we do, that one of the chief
causes of the terrible crisis which has brought
mourning into almost every household, is the
want of a true patriotic spirit in our Indian
army, we should indeed rejoice to hear that a few
hundred young men, inspired with a real mili-
tary feeling, had gone forth in the true spirit of
soldiers to fight the battles of their country in
their country's direst need. We are but too well
aware that it is very diffi.;ult to get a commission
either in the British or the Company's service ;
in the one case it is a question of money, in the
other of patronage, and in both it requires that
a man should choose the army as his
profession for life, while many who
would be willing to go out for a few months in a
time of great excitement, do not wish to bind
themselves for the better as well as the worse of a
soldier's life. We do not ask Government to
offer any encouragement on this side to volun-
teers. We should be well satisfied if we saw

Ministers more vigorous in their measures, and

more serious in their tone. At a time when every

mail announces the mutiny of eight or ten regi-
ments of natives, and the murder of 300 or 400
defenceless Europeans, women and children, we
should have wished to hear of more activity in
the dock-yards and camps ; and we hoped, at
least, to see "red tape" less omnipotent, and the
Dictator PALMERSTON more autocratic. Why
are not thousands of British ships sailing, and
steaming eastward with the screw frigates of the
nation ? Why is the Atlantic telegraphic cable
lying at Plymouth unused, instead of being a
part on its way to connect Malta or Alarseilles
with Alexandria, and the rest'on the way towards
the Red Sea ? Why have not arrangements
been made to transport troops by the• overland
route, thus gaining six to ten weeks on the fast
sailing clippers round the Cape ? It will be
time enough t) ask how the horse was stolen
when we have shut the door. So we forbear all
speculations on the cause of the disaster ; con-
vinced, however, that, as usual, nobody is in
fault, and system and routine are, as ever, to bear
all the blame. Our duty now is to quell the
storm, not to ask whence it came; to repair the
broken rigging of our Indian vessel, not to ask
who made the stranded ropes ; above all, to take
summary vengeance on the murderers of our
fellow-country womem and their innocent children ,
and to teach the " Bengal Tiger" a lesson which
will prevent all such atrocities in future, even if
it does not put a stop to Indian mutinies.

BRADFoRD CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND CONTINENTAL
COMPETITI)N.-it a meetieg of the council of this
chamber, on Monday, Mr. J. Atkinson, one of the mem-
bers drew attention to the great degree in which, duriag
the last ten years, the flee wool and worsted trade of the
district had rolled off to France, Belgium, and Germany.
At the late London wool sales the competion by foreigner,
was exceedingly brisk. They carried off the fine wools
tram us into their own countries, wove them into fine,
pain, and fancy fabrics, which they again brought into
oar own markets, and even then undersold us. It was
partly from this cause, no doubt, that the better qualities
of wo3l had risen high.--Some of the other members
showed that the manufacturers were supported by their
own governinen:s, who granted them a boon or bonus, in
proportion, to the value of the goods they ex-
ported. Alderman Wand also said that they used in
some parts of Germany for warps, especially what they
termed champaign wool, of so fine and super-excellent a
quality, that we could not compete with them in flue goods.
Mr. Ripley could not see how they could entertain the
subject at all of meddling with the matter, because in
doing so they would virtually be interfering with the
question of free trade, upon which he had very clear and
decided contivictions. H. W. Wickhan, Esq.,

chairman, said the question was, how were they losing
their trade? which Mr. Atkinson said was upwards of 25
per cent. less than it was in fine goods. Mr. Atkinson
ultimately moved that a committee be appointed to inquire
into the canna which have led to the partial loss of our
trade in fine goods, and that the committee comprise Mr.
Titus Salt, president of the chamber, and Messrs. Waud,
Behrens, Ripley, W. E. Forster, Joseph Craven, and Mr.
W. Douglas. The motion was carried.

CANTZRZURY, Naw ZEALAND.—From a paper read in
the statistical section of the British Association, by Mr,
IL J. Forfar, on a census of the province of Canterbury,
New Z:aland, we learn that the total population of Can-
terbury is as follows :—Males, 2,190 ; females, 1,699 ;
total, 3,895. Of that number there were, English, 3,310 ;
Scotch, 314; Irish, 162 ; French, 67; German, 24 ; other
nations, 38. The number of professing members of the
Church of England, 3,225 ; Roman Catholic, 111 ; other
denominations, 559; sick and infirm, 21 ; total at Sunday
and day schools, only 294 ; dwellings of stone and brick,
only 2 ; of wood, 365 ; of other materials, 181 ; stock of
sheep, 99,245; of cattle, 6,363 ; of horses, 596: of pigs,
4,391. It appeared from Mr. Potter's paper, which accom-
panied the statistical tables, that in a population under
4,000, there wera 500 more males than' females, eausimg a
great want of femaler, andthat it would have required lock
more females to give one domestic to each family, who,:
if resident in England, would require such aid ; and the
few stone buildings, only two in the while province, wag
caused by the frequency of earthquakes ; that the few
sick and infirm proved the salubrity of the climate, and
that the failure of the• Canterbury Association scheme
may be accounted for by the attempt to for a Blass
settlement of one religious persuasion alone, and the
early expenditure of two-thirds of the land snlea on
secular purposes, which were intended for church and
educational purposes. Mr. Porter's opinion aft3r a mei-
deuce of twelve months in the province is, that labourers
will find it. a good country for emigration, but the higher
Classes had better remain at home.

IMPROVEMENT OF TIDAL RIVERB.—Dr: Strung, of
Glasgow, read on Saturday, before the British Associatioo
at present sitting in Dubin, a paper on the advantages'
afsing from the improvement of tidal rivers as exemplified
by the state of the Clyd The following is an abstract
of its contents :—Nothing has contributed more to the
development of the commerce and manufactures of Great
Britain than the improvement of her tidal rivers.
Among these the Clyde stands pre-eminent. Thongh
the area drained by the river above Glasgow is 736
square miles, and sends down value in floods to the extent
of 33,835 cubic feet per second, it remained in a. state of
nature till 1768, having only about two feet depth of water.
By diErent engineering appliances it has been rendered
navigable for vessels drawing twenty feet of water. This
has been accomplished; Ist, by placing jetties on- its,sides,
whereby to contract the stream and cause it to deepen
itself by its own flaw and scour; this obtained a depth of
eight feet ; 2ad, by connecting these jetties by half tide
parallel dykes, a depth of tea feet, and thereafter by
raising them to full tide dykes, a depth of eleven and a
haf feet ; 3J , by the combined processes of dredging and
steam navigation prior to 1839, which augmented the depth
to fifteen feet ; and 40, by the combined action of the dykes,
deepening machines, and steam boat traffic, an artificial
river has been got at this moment of a depth of eighteen feet
water at neap, and 2.0 at spring tide. With respect to
the Labour at Glasgow, its changes had been equally
marked. In 1800 the whole quay was limited to a felt
hundred yaids ; now it extends to about 23 miles, leaving
an extent of harbour of upwards of sixty aeres. Frost
these causes the number of vessels arriving at the
harbour of Glasgow has increased from 11,505 with a
tonnage of 696,261 in 1828, to 17,960, with a tonnage a
1,612,681 in 1857. While in 1828 there was not a
steamer above 100 tons at the harbour, two such vessel&
as the Persia of 3,60 t) tons sail down the river. The cost
of the vast improvements made from 1770 to July, 1856 a
has been £2,527,199. The revenue collected during
the same period has been £1,603,219, the annual revenues
being in 1771, £.1,046 a in 1857, -£82,797. The debt of
the C:yde trust is about £92,000, consequently a large
portion of whet may be called real capital has been paid
out of revenue. The following commercial results may
be miimly att'ibuted to the improvement of the Clyde
navigation. • Before these operations :were begun, Glas-
gow had little or ins trade, whereas in 1854 the aggregate
value of exports from its harbour was £4,905,557. Pre-
vious to 1801 her registered ships were nil in 1856 they
amounted to 563, with a tonnage of 2045331. Formerly no
ships were built on the river; now there are no fewer than
30 large shipbuilding yards, which in 1853-4 constructed
no, less than 266 vessels having an aggregate tonnage
of 168,000 tons, which, with the marine engines made
during the same period, involved the enormous cost of
nearly five millions sterling. _Previous to the commence-
ment of the river improvements, Glasgow had only 24,000
inhabitants; now she can count 420,000, whilst its annual
rental, which in 1750 was only a few:thousands, was last
year £1,319,720: The? improvements on, the e!yda hare
given a most decided impalse to the opening up and work-
ing of the rich fields of minerals by which Glasgow is
surrounded, and which produced in 185:5, from coal and
iron alone, nearly £4,900,000, and give employment to
233,912 persons, who received for their labour wages to
the amount of £1,975,919. So much for Glasgow. In a
national point of view these improvements have proved
equally be eficial. In 1796 the customs duties levied at
Glasgow were only £125, whereas last year they amounted
to £718,855.. In 1731 the revenue of the Glasgow Post-
office was only £1,341 ; in 1856 , with a pinny postage,
reached £64,958. In one word, while the taxes paid;
into the public treasury through the city of GlasgaYl,
before the Clyde improvements commenced were cr,ru-,
parat;v;ly speakiog, nothing, the various crown revaanes.
collecte 1 there last year reached no less a sum than-,
£2,800,000, or about one twenty-fifth part of the whole
revenue of the country.

FATAL ACCIDENTS.—On the 25th ult., a bay named
Patrick M-Intire, aged 10 years, and who resPed at 25,
Fordc-street, was crushed between a flat and. Barlington
Bridp, and was severely injured—he died yee.erday frouS
the eff,cts. Yesterday, a child died in 34, Saint Martin-
street, in consequence of having been severely burnt oil
Saturday, is the aia3enc-e of its mother.
DIRECT CADEr3 kOll. INDIA —The following gentlemen
passed the reqntred: examination for admission into the.
lodian Military Service on the 18‘11 inst :—R. S. Arta-,
strong, C. St. John B. Bennett, G. S. Byng, 0. S. B-
eaman, T. D. Chettertrn, C. H. C. Colo Yen, G. P. Cam*
mind, W. T. Keays, W. F. Worcester, J. S. Bigshaw, A.
F. Curtis, L C. lk,sborough, A. E., McCoilum, D. Munro,
fl. L. Walker, A. Wa:eraeld, W. T-1.. Trevelyan, and John
W.H.—.Allen's Indian Mail,

Fteas.—Last night, about eleven o'clock, a fire broke
out in a brush shop in Riehni.•nd-row, which for some
time threatened great destruction of property, the parties
in tha house having retired to rest, and with difficult',
were aroused from their slumbers by the p dice officers 03
duty on that boat. The engines, reels, &c., were quicklY
on the spot, and after great exer, ions the thin s evere
subliel, but not until great damage was done both to
boesehold effects and the stock in trade.
„ • ,
DRINKING FOUNTAINS,—Mr. C. P Melly has iorwarao%
us the follo.,,ing circul r :—ln Jaunary, 1856, about two
hundred gentlemen offered (by means of an annual sub•
scription of 104 each), to guarantee me .against any charge
which might be made by the Town Council for. %gate
supplied to the drinking fountains I might erect. I beg
sincerely to thank you, as one of those gentlemen, for the
support and encouragement you then give me, and which,
has induced me since thea to increase the number of
fountains from six to thirty-three, replacing also some o,f,
the original small iron ones by the more useful and
ornamental polished granite fountains. lam happy to sap
that the Town Conned have now not only undertaken to
supply a liberal and constant flaw of water to thoi°
fountains without charge, but that they eontemplate
erecting some of their own in connexion with the large
lamp-posts at the public crossings. I believe that I map
safely add, that in the course of the next six months,
similar drinking fountains will be erected in Ches(er'
Manchester, Preston, Kendal, and St, lielens.