Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-11-11 00:00:00

THE NORTHERN TIMES.LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1857

LIVERPOOL COUNTY COIIIM-YZSTUDAT.

CORONER'S COURT.

Yesterday, the Comer held the fell wing inque t.:—
On the body or Henry Pye, a carter, aged 24 years,
living at 27, Craven-street. Oa the Ist of October, whilst
in drink, he was knocked down and ran over by a cart. He
continued ill till the 13 h, when be was taktn to the Royal
hfirmary, where he died on Monday, cf paralpis, and
the jury found a verdict accordingly.
On the body of George C rce, 25 yea-s of age, who lived
in Glscoyne-street. On Saturday night the deceased was
drunk, and whilst in that state he fe'l on the flo-r, and
it seems that by some me ins his clothes caught fire, but
how so there was no evidence to show. He was so much
injured that he died in a shut time after being dis-
covered. The jury found a verdict; ttat be was " burnt
varlet in a mite of intoxication."

On the body of Jane Thomas, 60 years of age, who
rasided at 8 Court, Lambert-street. She was very much
in the habit of drinking, and was put to bed drunk on
Monday night. Yesterday morning rite was found dead
in bed, baring been suffocatA. Verdict, " died of excessive
drinking."
On the body of El en Connor, two years of age. She
wrs scalded in a house in 16 Court, Collingwood-street,
on Thursday week, and died from the effects of the injuries.
Verdict, "accidental death."
On the body of llTygh D.rvis, aged 39, who was a clerk
at the goods station of -he London and North Western
Wap: ing. He lived at 17, 13.:ck Berry-street.
Abut three wa-ks agi hP crmplsin,d of a vio ent pain in
his aid., and said ha curl 1 not sleep. He went to bad
complaining of illness on Monday night, and was found
dead in bed it a quarter to eight o'clock yesterday morn-
ing. He Wrili a Leave-ate man. Oa examina.ion, it was
proved last he died from natural causes,• and the jury
returned that verdic'.

THE OMNIBUSES OF LONDON.

It is rather more then two centuries since, when twenty
hackney coaches were first permited to ply for hire in the
streets, or ra her at the inns, of London. In the year pre-
vious to the late alteration in the licsnses; the Government
r.erired a revenue of £68,000 from the duty on hackney
carriages. This will afford some notion of the increase in
the number of these vehicles which has take:in piece since
1625. It is curious to watch the rate of progress in earlier
tunes of this class of public vehicles In 1652 an act of
Parliament was passed limiting the number of hackney
coaches to two hundred; two years le-er the Londoners
were allowed to have three hundred coaches, hut by no
means snore than six hundred horses to work them. Seven
years pass over, and the number of hackney coaches was
allowed to be four hundred, and at this number they
remained for thiry-three year?, when, in 1694, there were
actually permitted to be seven hundred hackney coaches
relying for hire in the streets of London. Queen Anne
further increased the number to eight hundred in 1715,
and graciously permitted two hundred hackney "chairs" in
addition to the coaches. Tue two hundred chairs grew
into three hundred, and George I. authorised a further
audition to their number, bringing them up to four hun-
dred ; and in 1771 the c caches were increased to one
thousand. Teirty-four years ago an innovation, long and
e'outly resisted, was wade upon the time honoured hackney
coach, with its two sleepy horses and its venerable " jarvey."
In Paris a one horse cabriolet had fir some time been
known, but all attempts to introduce it into London
proved fatal, until Messrs. Bradshaw and notch, the
latter a member of Parliament, a barrister and a chairman
of Quarter Sessions, obtained a license for eight cabriolets,
and they were started at fares one-third lower than those
of the old hackney coaches. Down to the year 1832 the
number of these "cabs" was restricted to 65, and the
coach licenses were increa-ed to 1,200. In 1832 all
restrictions on the,number of hackney coaches ceased. An
attempt was made in 1800 to introduce into London a
larger vehicle than the hackney coach, somewhat resemb-
ling one of the pri sent omnibuses ; the project, however
failed, and it was not until the month fif July, 1829, that
the Londoners had an opportunity of suing in Shilliheer's
omnibuses, which ran from Greenwich to Charing. croak.
The first omnibuses were drawn by three ho-ses abreast,
and at length, after great opposi ion, the " busea" became
generally adopted. At the present time there are upwards
of 800 onanibaes running along various routes in the
metropo is, and of this cumber 595 are the property of a
single and mostly foreign proprimary, the London G nera
Onsnibds Company. Of the value of these vehicles, and
the amount of profit which they realise to their owners,
some notion may be formed from the fact that 600 omni-
buses, with horses and harness and good-will, wore pur-
chased by the company for £400,000, or for very nearly
£7OO for each vehicle. A quarter of a century has
sufficed to increase the treffic requirements from 100 to
more than 800 omnibuses, and a company employs profit-
ably a capital of one million in we king three-tourths of
the vehicles of the metropolis. So many of the omnibuses
being lima under one management, considerable facilities
are afforded for economy in their working, and for the
collection of many useful and interesting economical facts
respecting the travelling portion of the metrop din, The
595 omnibuses of the company ran in Lender', in the week
ending 31st of October, net less than 222,779 miles, or
nearly ten tim s the circumference of the globe, and they
carried not less ;han 920,000 passengers, which was equal
to two and a half times the population of Liverpool, three
times that of Manchester, four times that of Birmingham,
five dews that of Lee's, seven times that of Bris'ol, and
eleven times the whole population of Hull. Assuming
that the remaining one-four .h of the London omnibuses,
not belonging to the company, carried as equal proportion,
we shall have as the travelling portion of the population
of London 1,115,000 persons. The population of London,
at the last ce -sus, was 2,362,000, so that a number equal
to very nearly one-ha fof the reoplc of London ride one
jour-ev in an omnibus in each week. In a far night
the whole population of London would be moved in the
omnibuses now running in the metropolis. 'lhase
vehicles are worked by 6,225 horses, more than the
whole of the British cavalry engaged at Waterloo. The
average cost of each h. roe is £3O, making a total valne of
nearly £200,000. The harness costs, on an average, £l2
for each-h wee, and the oneribu es £l2O each in building.
The provender for these troops cf horse is somewhat s art-
ling in its aggregate, and the quantities required will
serve to c-nvey an idea of the exertions nee. asaty to be
made for a comnissariat department for the movement of
as army in a foreign country. A week's allowance of food
for thaerr-es consists of 430,266 pounds of chopped has,
clover, and straw, (gnat to 242 loads, and 699,253 pounds
of oats, barley and beans, or 2,376 quarters, and 175 loads
of straw, are required for the bedding of the horses,
Formerly the omnibus, s of London were in the hands of
nearly a hundred different propietars, and there were
more than that number of establishments where the
horses w. ra kept. This company have established immure
depots, where the provender is delivered, and prepared
for the torses Steam-enoires. of ucAz power cue ae,
chaff* and wok appeances for m'xing the food at a great
savior of labour and money. The largest of these depots
is in Belt-late. It has been in operation fur the last fifteen
months, and las supplied daily rations for 1 840 horses,
and there have h: en cut up, mixe 1, and distributed from
this establishment each week, 72 loads of hay, cl ver, an I
straw, 713 quarters of-bruised oats, barley, and beans, and
50 loads of straw have been supplied es bedding for the
horses. Under the system of regular feeding adopted by
the company, the horses have greatly improved in their
condition, and the live stock is now mu h mare valuable
than when it first came i -to possei.on of the c mpany.
E oh horse rues on an average twelve miles per day. The
daily cost of. the rations of each horse is rather mere than
2'. l d., or fur the hors: s of each omnibus, ten in number,
£1 Is., the other expenses, such as horse-keepers, v, terin-
ary service, shoeing, and others, bring up the total expense
for the horses of each omnibus to £1 6=. per week. Tha
amount of manual labour employed in c mnection with
these omnibuses is very large. The number of men con
stantly employed as drivers, conductors, and horse-keepers,
is not less than 2,300, of whom the drivers receive from
five no six slil'ings, ttle conductors 43., and the hors--k ep-
ees, 3'. per day. The " weer an:l tear" of each minibus
ameunts to 17a. 6d. /yr week, and for the harness 6s. per
weak. The 595 omnibuses run over 66 diffeteet routes,
and far facilitating the traffic, "correspond, nee offic a" are
established at Whitechep 1. Cheapside, BishopgAta Regent-
oifctia, Netting ilia Gate, Edgware-recd,irompton,
Highbury, and Holloway. By means f this arrangement '1
a person may travel from Kr burn to Chelsea for sixpence,
from Pawl to Blsck Nall, or Hammersmith to Holloway,
the distance in each care being eleven miles, for sixpence,
and 35,000 persons avail themselves each week of these
"correspondence" offices. The average weekly receipts
from the whole of the omnibuses is £11,500, but the sate
of the weather materi rJly effects the receipts—thus a very
wet dey reduces the amount received by from three to four
hundred pons !s aer clay. Oa the 22ed of October, owing
to the continuous rain, the receipts fell short of the usual
amount by £3BO. These omnibuses contribute lamely to
the general revenue of the country ; the 0. nrernment duty
and licenses for the last year were £33
.000, while a sum of
£lB,OOO was paid for tolls on the d.ffrent roads run over by
the omnibuses.

SOTS' CLOTHING MADE WITH GREAT TASTE, at LEWIS and
COMPANY'S, Ranelagh-street.

AN ATLAS GRATIS WITH TUB "DISPATCH."—On and after
Sunday, October 4th, 1857, each c-my of the Dispatch
will be accompanied with a map, a chart, or the plan of
of a principal town, so as to furnish to each subscriber,
gratis,. the most comprehensive, complete and generally
useful Atlas hitherto published in Great Britain. The
size of the engravings will be that of one page of the
newspaper, six maps and twa plans, in each year, will be
of doable the size-17 inches by 25. The ordinary maps
will be correctly tinted, the charts will be properly relieved
in bin', and the plans will be printed in a rich colour.
The double maps will be the object of great attention in
the desire to make them beautiful specimens of map
colouring. It is hoped, in the course of no unreasonably
protracted time, that the Dispatch Atlas will contain
more names and positions of places than any other English
publication of the kin.). The counties will be given se-
parately, and where they are large and populous, as in the
case of Lancashire, each division of the count wil crioupy
a page; spin, the States of Italy will be the subject of
six distinct maps. The names of the draughtsmen and
engravers will be the best guarantee for perfect accuracy.
The maps will be as full as clearn..ss and reference will
allow. Corrections and discoveries will be given from
the best authorities. The engravings will be iu the
highest style of art, many thousands of pounds being
devoted to their cost, and they will be taken from original
drawings expressly prepared for the series. Directors of
mechanics' institutes, the conductors of all educational
establishments, the proprietors of hotels, reading-rooms,
and coffee-houses, will, iu posze;sing the Dispatch Atlas
be supplied with a daily want. The money value of the
completed work may be best ascertained by inquiring the
selling price of any large and trustworthy collection of
maps. The Dispatch Atlas will he forwarded with the
numbers of the paper at the usual price, sd. per con, or
6d. stamped. On the ii:st issue some hints 'sill be given
for preserving, indexing, and binding the Atlas o:ders
received by every news-agent and bookseller in the king-
dom, and at the Dispatch office, 139, Fleet•street. The
Friday evening edition may be received in the most distant
part of the kingdom on Saturday morning.

Exclusively for CLOTHING. BOYS frcm Six to Twenty Years
LEWIS:& COMPANY, Raselagh-street.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHING BY STEAM.

The Times sketches a new plan for telegraphing by
steam, invented by Mr. Boggs, a well known electrician,
and which, if carried out, is likely to effect a postal revolu-
tion. Electric telegraphs of all kinds are either worked
by voltaic or magnetic electricity, the current of which
along the wire is alternately transmitted and broken ac-
cording as the circuit is completed or interrupted by means
of a handle, which is worked by a clerk. This alternate
transmission and release of the voltaic or magnetic cur-
rent deflects the needle at the other end of the wire, either
to the right or left, or regis'ers the message by electro-
magnetism, according to the nature of the instrument
employed. As a matter of course, while a message is
being thus slowly transmitted as it were by hand, the
whole length of the wire is entirely occupied, while, what-
ever the emergency, nothing can be done towards for-
warding the messages which are to follow until the wire
is entirely unoccupied and reported free. Mr. Bogg's in-
vention proposes to work the electric telegraph by steam,
and so get over the great obstacle which now exists
against its more general use—namely, its slowness.
It may seem paradoxical to speak of the slowness of
the electric telegraph as being the only bar to its more
gener, 1 adoption, but in truth such is the literal fact, for
the time occupied, and therefore expense incureed, in wing
the telegraph wire, makes a message rather the resort
of commercial or domestic emergency than of a thing
of daily use, almost rivalling the post as a means of
daily communication. The invention, then, which is to
supercede these tedious processes, and work the tele-
graph by steam instead of by hand, is generally as fol.
lows :—A series of gutta perche bands, about Six inches
wide. and a quarter of an inch thick, are coiled on wheels
on drums arranged for the purpose. These bands are Erud.
ded down both sides with a single row of holes at short
intervals apart. When a message is to be sent, the clerks
wind off these bands, inserting in the holes small brass pins,
which, according is their combinations in two and threes
(with blank holes between), represent certain words or
letters. In this manner the message is, as it were, " set
up" in the bands with great rapidity, and if the number
of bands employed is sufficiently large—say as numerous
as the compositors employed in a large printing-office—
messages fluel in length to fine or six cAumns of this jour-
ral could be set up and ready for transmission in the course
of a single hour. Of course this operation in no respect
interferes with the telegraph wire itself, which continues
free f-ir use until the bands of messages are actually being
deTatehed. The gusto parcha bands, when full, are re-
moved to the ins rument room, a most simple appliance
preventing any derangement or falling out of the pins while
being moved about. In the inetrumeut room the bands are
connected with ordinary steam ma hinery, by which thee
are drawn in regelar order with the utmost rapidity between
the charged poles of an electrical machine in such a manner
that during the moment of each pin's passing, it forms
electrical csmmunicatien betw en the instrument and the
telegraph tied a signal is transmitted to the other end
of the wire, where the spark perforates a paper and
records the message. The only limit to the rapidity of the
oneration is the rate at which the bands car, be drawn,
since the electrical contact of each pin, even for the 200th
part of a second, is more than sufficient to transmit a
word or signal from London and register it in America.
Of course, as a message is records i, we will say in Americo
with the same rapidity as that in which it is transmitted
in London, a number of reading clerks will be requisite in
order to translate it, by dividing it into small port one,
with almost as much facility as it has ben sent. By this
now patent, worked with an efficient stall, it would be
perfec ly easy for one wire to transact all the businees
between England and America. With proper arrange-
ments, an hour would suffice to transmit intelligence equal
in number of worls to twelve columns of the Times. It
is no exaggeration_, therefore, to siy that the most impor-
tant news in each country, with a price list ex'eneive
enough to include every staple of tra le, might be ex-
changed in time for the commencement of business in the
capitals of the Old and New World.

BOYS' CLOTHING MADE WITH GREAT TASTE, at LEWIS and
COMPANY'S, Eanglagh-street.

Gore ROBBERY. —The Birmingham proof tower has been
recently robbed of guns to a large extent, while every
effort to discover the thieves has teen unavailing. On
Monday, at the Police Court, a young man, named Thomas
Williams, in the ernp!oyment of the government, was
placed in the tick charged with stealing 20 guns, the
property of the Qleen, of the value of £l2O. A L)ndon
gun manuf.cturer, named Clarke, had agreed to purchase
20 guns from the prisaner at 2:35. each, Clarke was the
principal witness against pin. lie was committed for
trial. The a cond c x-imination will tali, pl.,ce on Satur-
day next, when two br,-;thers oem d B-acton, will he
ehargel with stealing 11,0 Anna, 'aloe £3OO
The Times tlinks th t t'l,3 subjeet of raqi imentary
gtand lit de el,,rtruin the arirtrn2ol)in:r •
q testi n of the reensti.u'l.)ti or modification rf the
existing In,lista g .verument, whether we should resume
eirect royal dominir,n over Irldi o- not, and whether the
Eist India Company shoal.] gu nn or -not, a-, I it is to go
on, how and with what q qu-stion of the
re-organisation of the I dim army, whether we are to
have a native army at all or h•,vv limited a otc—the ques-
tion of rtf litary improv, moo's in g9ceral, as banging on lo
that c,f the Indian service,—the quE,stion of purchase, &e.
—a whole world of giestions wi.l c erne out, will detnaud
full discu-s'o; and mil tdbt.in supetfluous and
intertr inable di c'lsslnn."

A SEARCH FOR A Vas s —Th. sae of one of the great
French dramatic writers hes set all the brie a brae shops
in Paris on the gui vive, to obtain a vase of Japan-chine,
bite enough to c attain the sylph-like figure of the beauti-
ful Mdlle. L . The lady, ale has not played for
some time pas', bring !equip d to act the herime hi a
forthcoming piece by the gre4t drematist, will only con-
sent to du so on the canditton aboYeeznentilued. The vase
in question is waLted as contra. to another, given by
Priam Demi 1011, and discovered by him in a cabinet of
curiosities et Naples. Every other compensation has been
offered by loth father and son, but the lady is inexorable,
and until the vase be discovered, refuses even to look at
the lines allo:'e 1 to her.— Court Journal.
Taa FALL OF DeLmt.--75e took occasion last week to
inForm our read3rs that oar loss in the capture of Delhi
amounted in the agertg tte to the formidable number of
2,000, although the Government despatches had given it at
only 600. Now, one world believe this latter figure quite
low enough, even br the most extravagant despiser of the
" cowardly S epees." Yet ih ► Examiner has thought
proper to reduce it to 500 aid to rob our heroic troops of
half their glary by com;:arin .); 'heir "trifling loss" and the
" feeble defenc." made a' Delhi by " these Sepoys, armed
and diseinlined by ourselves," with the "formidable resis
nnee of Tippoi's ued.sc'plierd troops" at Seritigspatarn,
where our losses in the assault amounted to 1,500 killed
and wounded. We think we may cot& lenly leave it to
the next mail to modify our c)temporary's opinion on the
nature of the defence made by the Delhi garrison.— Atlas
INQUEST ON MR. Fa INCH JOHN FIELD.—On Saturday
evening an inqoett was held in the drawing-room of No
13, Cornwall-te-race, Reg nt's-park, the late residence of
.Ir. Francis John Fie'd, aged 66, (1 Commissioner of
Woods and Forests, en] firmer'y Accoun'ant-General in
luiL), on the body of that gentleman. William Ashley,
deceased's valet, said Itrtw en seven and eight o'clock on
Friday morting he heard his zn-ster suddenly call out as
in great pain, and immediately after the sound of a heavy
fall. On running up to his room be found him stretched
on the floor, and Mrs. Field supporting him. He appeared
lifelcss, and witness ran fur Ma Newton, a surgeon, who
arrived in about twenty nenntes, and p-onounced him to
be deed. Deceased had retired to bed on the previous
night in his usual goad health. Mr. Newton, surgeon, of
31, Fi,zroy-square, stated he had sem deceased a few days
before death, and he appeared in p r'ect health. On his
arrival he found bim dead. Oa a post mot tem examina-
tion he di.covered that the aorta had burst, filling the
paricardiam with blood, which caused instant death.
Verdict, " Natural death."

A PoPtrtin Pazsculz.— Ti e following d.lcription of
Mr. t3e!lew, the well-known preach ,r, who comes as an
insolvent debtor before the Count) Courtjudee at Canter.
tatty, on the 13th inst., appears in the Gazette : John
Chippendall Montetquien Big& (from the year 1846
having assumed his maternal name of Bellew, el:o sued,
committed, and detained as John Cbippendall Montes-
quien Bellew), formerly of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, Ox-
fordshire, undergraduate, then of King-stied, St. James's,
Middl-sex, then of Fern-cres College, Fulmer Common,
near Slough, Bucks, gentleman, in nn profession or em-
ploy, then of Sonthga'., Middlesex, then of Eastbourne,
Sussex, then of Worcester, Wo-cestershire, clerk in holy
orders, then of Prescot, Lancashire, clerk, as aforesaid,
then of Albert-terrace, Bayswater, Middlesex, then for three
months living on board the Hotspur ship, en route for the
East Indies, then of St. John's Ca.hedrel, Calcutta, East
Indies, chaplain in the service of the Hon. Reit India
Company, and for a few days while there having an exhi-
bition descriptive of Nineveh, and lecta-ing thereon, then
for three months living on board, first, the Hirdostan,
and afterwards the Vec•is ship, proceeding from Calcutta
to England, then of Glencoe-house, St. John's-wood, and
afterwards of 2, Marlborough terrace, St. John's wood,
then of 25, Thorlce-InAre, Brompton, all in Middlesex ;
assistant minister of St. Philip's Church, Regent-street,
Middlesex, aforesaid, a'so author of two volumes of ser-
mons, and next the Rose Inn, Canterbury, Kent, sane
calling, a prisoner in the gaol of Canterbnry,in the county
of Kent.

BOYS' CLOTHING MADE WITH GREAT TASTE AT LEWIS and
COMPANY'S. Ruelash street.