The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-01-02 00:00:00

OLEY'S AMERICAN GOLD PENS.

CHARLES WILLAIER,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL STATIONER,

19, SOUTH JOHN-STREET,
Respectfully Intimates to Merchants, Traders, and Dealers, thit he
has be,n appn'nt-11 Sole A.ent for the Sale of

FOL EY 'CELEBRATED AMERICAN GOLD PENS,
which are universally acknowledged to be far superior to any other
Manufact•rred either in A me,lea or t is Country. They are sold
Chraper, are made of th e hest Gold,with superior Points, and are war-
ranted to wear at least ten years. In America they have been exten-
sively used fir that period, and are preferred to new ones. The
Pekes rang! 'rem FIVE SHILLINGS to a guinea each.
Supplied Wholesale, by Charles Willmer, 19, South John-street,
Liverpool.

ANIUSEMENTS, PUBLIC MEETINGS, &c.

THIS DAY.

Theatre Royal—Simpson and ,Co., and Pantomime—

seven p.m.
Royal Amphitheatre—Equestrian Company—seven p.m.
Liverpool Academy's Exhibition—ten a.m. torten p.m.
Allsop's New Crystal Palace—Lime-street—ten a.m. to

ten p m. -
Queen's Hall—Hoffman's Organophonic Band—eight p.m.
Freemason's Hall—Gallery of Anatomy—eleven a.m. to

ten p.m.
Clayton Hall—Miss Julia St. George—eight p rn.
Royal Colosseum—General Entertainment—halfpast six.
Edmond's (late Wombwell's). Royal Windsor Castle
Menagerie—ten a.m. to ten p.m,

".* For particulars see advertisements in first page.

E4e kottlxrn

'FRIDAY, JANUARY 2, 1857.

THE DAY'S NEWS.

By the Atlantic, arrived here yesterday, we have
four days later news from the United States, but
there is not much of importance. Many of the
New York journals were taken up with details of
the insurrection among the slaves in the south.
It would appear that it had made much headway
in several localities, and notwithstanding the very
severe measures that had been taken, such as
hanging, buraing, and shooting, the epidemic, if
we might call it so, was spreading with the greatest
rapidity, especially in Tennessee. At Clarkesville,
no slave from the country was allowed
to remain in the city more than two hours, unless
accompanied by a respectable white person, under
a penalty of twenty lashes. Slaves having wives
and their masters' passes were exempted. Persons
having staves going to or from Christmas
festivities were not to allow them to pass
through Clarkesville, unless a respectable white
person would keep them together, and not allow
them to mingle with the negroes of Clarkesville.
Thirty negroes had been arrested in Gallatin,
on suspicion of being .concerned in the conspiracy.
The citizens had appointed a committee to examine
into the matter. The latest advices from
Cumberland River state that twenty five iron
furnaces in that region have stopped opel ations,
apprehending a negro insurrection. The papers
from Tennesee and Kentucky are very silent upon
these slave insurrection. Hera and there we find
a paragraph like the followint.f. Tho Louisville
Jonrnal of the lalh says :—" We were shown a
letter yesterday from Li Fayette, Christian County,
which states that six negroes were to be hung
there on the day the letter was written." In The
Nashville Gazette of the 10th is this :—" A

gentleman just arrived from Gallatin informs us
that tour male negroes are to be hung at that pace to
day, on account of their connection with the slave
revolt. A good many are still in custody there,
awaiting examination. It is to he hoped. that no
violence will be done to any, unless their guilt is
clearly proved." The gaols in all the counties
were crowded with the arrested blacks. The
County Courts had assembled in each county, and
vigilance committees and patrols had beea ap-
pointed in each neighbourhood and township.
Eight more negroes had been hung at Dover,
making nineteen in all. No overt act had been
committed, but the proof against them, of
insurrectionary designs, it is said, was conclusive.
A most heart-rending accident had occurred at
the Midlothian Coal Pits, Virginia, by which eleven
men lost their lives, and two others were nearly
dead when rescued. The calamity was caused by
the breaking in of a large body of water from one

or more o:d and deserted pits into the new one, by
which the labourers were immediately submerged
and drowned. A severe gale had been experienced
at Buffalo. It was accompanied with frequent
squalls, hail, rain, and snow. Great damage was
done to buildings and docks. A Washington cor-
respondent, under date of the 13th ult., writes : A
letter from a distinguished British statesman
was received at one of the legations, by the
Atlantic, announcing the intention of Lord Pal
merston to present, either to the new l uropean Con-
gress, or to this government, a proposition designed
as a substitute for Mr. Marcy's project for abolish-
ing privateeting, and embodying suggestions of a
compromise between it and the terms of the Paris
Conference. England has discovered that the
inclination of other Powers, perhaps including
France, is to acc,Tt the principle announced by
the United States, and therefore will endeavour to

negotiate for some half way measure, by which her
ocean supremacy wiil still be practically
maintained. Our Government will neither recede
from nor modify its position, and the offer made
must either be accepted or rejected entirely. It
admits of no practical modification if the object
sought to be attained is uprightly pursued,
An extra meeting of the Town Council was
held yesterday, but the business transacted was
merely of a routine character. It will be seen that
Mr. Brown, M.P., disgusted, and, no doubt
annoyed, with the supiness of the Liverpool
Corporation, has announced to the executive that
he is willing to defray the whole cost of the
building for the Public Library and Museum, and
that such offer has been accepted, at least, the
Council has come to the dete.rmination to "concur
in any course which may be considered best
calculated to hand down to posterity Mr.
Brown's name in connection with the Institution

which is so highly calculated to promote the
welfare and improvement of the community."
The Town Council are so indebted to Air.

Brown, and so thankful for his offer, that they
have debated whether they should have his
portrait placed in the Town Hall, or his statue
adorn St. George's Hall, or both ; but, as usual,
they have left it to e committee to decide.
The w( ekly meetings of the Dock and Ilealth
Committees took place yesterday. In the former
:qr. Bold took occasion to reply to Mr. Mansfield's
attack upon his varacity, with regard to the fines
levied for infringment of the dock regulations
For full particulars we would direct our readers
attention to another column. The health of the

town is unusually good, the deaths last week being
fifty-five less than the averaged the corresponding
weeks in preceding years.
Garotte robberies continue to be practised in
Liverpool. At our police court yesterday, " two
well dressed young men" were committed for trial
on a charge of this description. A number of
persons were fined for false weights and measures.
The names of these dishonest parties will be found
in another part of to day's impression. We are in
possession of the year's revenue returns :—A total
revenue of 72,218,988/. for the year ending the 31st
of December, 1850—a revenue exceeding by nearly
4,000,0001. the enormous return of 18:55—speaks
for itself. The policy of unrestricted competition
is writing its own eulogy in language which there
is no possibility of mistaking. With the exception
of one head—the miscellaneous—under which

there is a trifling decrease, the figures in this
return are all on the one side. In customs the
increase on the year has been 1,084,073/. ; on the
quarter, 525,0741 In the Excise the increase has
been, for the year, 804,3151 ; for the quarter,2l2,ooo/
The stamps in the same periods have increased
respectively 135,4481. and 88,2311. The increase of
the property tax in the year falls little short of two
millions—the exact figures being £1,006,861. A
sense of the hardship and privation, the vexations
and the struggles amongst the most valuable part
of the community, which the maintenance of this
tax on its present scale involves, goes far to check
the financial exultation which the mere vastness of
the amount would otherwise be calculated to
produce. A total of upwards of sixteen millions
thus raised within the year is a brilliant testimony
to the wealth and resources of the country; the
increase of nearly two millions in the annual
proceed of the tax, proves that, economically
speaking, the limits of its productiveness have
not yet been reached; but it is none the less true
tnat the burden has pressed heavily on the classes
least able to bear it, and that what has been

hitherto paid by self-denial will not much longer be
submitted to with patience. The increase in the
Post office, which on the quarter last elapsed is
very considerable indeed (101,0001 upon 165,1521
for the year, is matter for unalloyed congratula-
tion, evidencing, as it does, a steady and satis-
factory progress in .the diffusion of intelligence
and the facilities of intercourse. Taken as a
whole, the results of the financial year just
ended must be regarded as a signal proof of
internal prosperity, and as the most conspicuous
homage yet offered by the stubborn testimony of
facts to the soundness of economical theories
and the wisdom of free trade statesmanship.
How much longer will it take to convince
Europe that the real power of her governments
and the fru() happiness of her people will best be
consulted by following in that path of policy in
which England has so successfully led the way ?
Still another execution. Yesterday, at twelve
o'clock, the last dread sentence of our criminal
code was carried into effect on the person of
Dedea Itedanies, for the murder of Caroline and
Maria Beck, near Folkstone, in the summer of last
year.

The distribution of the royal new year's gifts
took place yesterday in the presence of the Queen,
Prince Albeit, and their junior children, the royal
family.

The only foreign news of importance to-day, is
that the Permanent Committee of the Representa-
tive States of Wurtnmberg, and the Government
of Wurtemberg are at issue on the question of the
legality of the address in which the former insists
on the latter refusing a passage to the Prussian
troops. The official journal asserts, moreover,
in the name of the Government, that such a
demand cannot be complied with, because the
right of Pruisia in the Neufchatel dispute is
undoubted. Thus, this question of international
policy has led to a national and constitutional
conflict in Wurtemburg It is probable that much
more such conflicts will grow out of the general
excitement caused by the threatening war between
a monarchy and a republic in the centre of Europe,
if means be not soon discovered to effect an
amicable arrangement. Monster petitions are in
course of signature throughout the territory of
Baden, against the passage of Prussian troops, and
a similar antagonism between the government and
people as has arisen in Wurtemburg may soon be
witnessed in Baden.

The Paris Conferences met on Wednesday after-
noon. A correspondent writes :—The line before
them is already traced, and the questions are few
and unmistakeable. They have been already
studied thoroughly, and the Plenipotentiaries
understand so clearly what is before them that, in
point of fact, there ought to be hardly anything to
do beyond exchanging their powers, reading over
the protocol as a matter of form, and signing. The
Russian ambassador only received his last instruc-
tions at seven o'clock that evening. They were
communicated to Count Walewski soon after, and
by him to the Emperor.
With respect to the Neuchatel difficulty, we

earn from Berne that the Federal Assembly has
approved of all the propositions of the Federal
Council for thrr defence of the Helvetic territory.
The diplomatic communications made by foreign
Powers to the Council seem to promise a pacific
solution. The effect produced by the report of the
Commission was prodigious.
Our Italian advices are interesting. A splendid
gold medal was presented to Count Cavour, at
Turin, on the 25:h December, in the name of the
inhabitants of Naples. It bears on the obverse
the profile of (Jaunt Cavour, with the inscrip►ion
—" To Camillo Cavour, the bold defender of rho
independence of Italy, the grateful Neapolitans."
On the the reverse is a crown of oak encircling the
date—" VIII. April, 1856." The mcd,ll was accom-
panied with an appropria!e address, in which we
remark the following passaee—' Europe heard
your voice, and admitted that Italy EXISTS, by
which it meant that it met, EXIST." The capitals
are so in the original. Tnc budget of the Duchy
of Parma for 1857, fixes the expenditure at
2,644,360 Parmese lire (the lire is 85 cents), tine
the receipts at the same sum, so that there is no
deficit for the coming year. The citizens of Parma
have sent 1,520 f towards the expense of the guns
of Alessandria

A grand public banquet took place on the 18th
at Stockholm on the occasion of the unanimous
rejection of the Diet of the bill for striking out from
the constitution the law on the the liberty of the
press. In the Chamber of Peasants, M. Nils ()Neu
proposed that every Swede from 22 to 42 should be
liable to military service. " If this proposition be
adopted," said M. " we might in a moment
of danger immedistily have under arms an army of
500,000 men, who, with 200.000 others to be
furnished by Norway, would farm a total force of
700,000 men " The motion of M. Olsen was adopted
unanimously by the Chamber of Peasants, which
has already on more than one occasion during the
present session strongly insisted on the necessity of
the two uni'ed kingdoms being always prepared to
oppose any aggression.

- In another column will be found full particuiars
of the news from India, just received. Intelligence
from Canton. of the 14th November, states that all
ihe Eu,opeans had closed their courving houses, in
the fear of a reaction Commerce was at an end
ever since the burning of the Chinese quarter. The
authorities of the city had retired into the interior.
offering only a passive resistance. The English
occupied the for s. The original cause of hos ilities
is said to have been the act of the populace i❑ haul-
ing down the flag of an English met chant ship,
af[er the captain had refused to surrender an assas
sin who had taken refuge on board.

YESTERDAY we gave a short retrospect of the
year which we have just passed through, and we
are not inclined to view the picture of society it
contains as very gloomy or hopeless. Countries
are merely nurseries on a large scale. As the
number of their inmates increases, the evils of
pampered vanity, uncontrolled passion, neglected
depravity in youth, and a general disregard of
early education and moral training, are found
rioting on one side of the national hearth ; while,
fortunately, we see on the other an over-
whelming amount of sterling virtue, high intel-
lectual cultivation, silent rectitnde, noble philar.P,
thropy, and religious sincere. Such is our
social state at this early period of 1857, and we
really see nothing on its surface to cause us to
despair. If it were not for the rapid strides the
morality of the people is making, we should
hear less said about the increase of crime. The
calls made upon the Legislature for national
education and other remedial measures would be
1 ss numerous and energetic; we should care
less about the contemptible fraction of our popu-
lation who forget their religious obligations to
their kin and country, and throw away their
liberties and lives for the most childish follies
and monetary gratifications. The assassin,
burglar, garotte robber, forger, pick-pocket,
disorderly drunkard, and reckless spendthrift,
are all victims of the same thread of self-deceit---
the same maddening delusions and self-destruc-
tion.

The past year has given us a deplorable illus-
tration of the terrible punishment which awaits
the criminal, whether assigned to the gallows, or
restored to society, after having undergone years
of penal servitude. In too many cases the vices
of youth seem to have ripened with age, and
where the fullest opportunities of self-reclamation
have been given to the outcast, they have been
thrown away, and have failed to produce the
charitable result anticipated. Still we do not
despair. The cause of national morality was
never more promising than it is at this hour.
We measure our growth in trade, commerce,
manufactures, and population by ratios, and if
we test the increase of crime by the augmenta-
tion which has takenplace in our numbers, and
the additions made to the cost of its detection, we
shall find ample grounds to justify the conviction
that crime does not keep pace with the increase
of population, and that the reformation of
criminals is not entirely a phantom. As our
nursery swells in numbers we must expect more
miscarriages in the channels which convey the
rushing stream to the wheel of life, or what the
Spaniards call " Ojo de Molino." Yet there is a
Providence which keeps pace with vice
as well as virtue. Again we enter upon the New
Year with a new and comprehensive system of
reformatories. We have reason to anticipate
much from these institutions if some morbid
sectarian notions should not defeat the entire
scheme, as they have all attempts at a really
effective plan o' national education.
We have no reason, in truth, to apprehend any
failure of our efforts to check vice, except that
which may spring from over-strained party purity
and sectarian sincerity. If the public can overrule
these chronic evils, and push forward the work of
education and sound moral training, we see no
reason why England should not present to the
world the minimum of crime, as well as the max-
imum of wealth and prosperity. In the three
nations which constitute that Power, which is
known throughout the world, we have all the
noblest attributes of human nature to work up.
A. single heart, an active brain, a fertile and
sensitive mind, a keen appreciation of moral
obligations, undying love of home and devotion
to their country ; and with such materials what
cannot a paternal Government do in moulding
society, and raising the standard of the people
committed to their care ? Give the potter clay,
so admirable adapted to his work, and he will
bring forth all that is natural, chaste, and beauti-
ful in the heavens, the earth, or the sea. Give
the sculptor, who can ply the chisel to the rugged
rock, a block of granite ; the iron smelter a mass
of ironstone, or the diamond cutter his favourite