The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-02-24 00:00:00

THE NORTHERN 'FINES.---LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.

the opera is a, collection of ideas which revive
sentiments that are perhaps slumbering, but are
certainly not extinguished. It was desired to
play the same piece at Verona in the year 1853,
but the military authorities refused to permit
it. As a proof of the liberal sentiments that now
prevail in the highest quarter, the performance is
permitted. At the first two representations the
public cried "Bis" after the last song with such
perseverance, and with such energy, that the
governor, contrary to the regulations and to avoid
a disturbance, was forced to gratify the audi-
ence. In fact, since the year 1848, such
sponte :ous enthusiasm has not been observed at
the theatre. P)3 Carnival at Venice is very brilliant
this year. The populace relieve their sufferings
masked balls, and in parading the streets
disguised, making at. the same time a most stunning
uproar. The death of Bianchi, at Mantua, in con-
eaquence of ill-treatment from Austrian- officers,
has produced a very unpleasant effect at Venice,
and has done much towards paralyiing the efforts
made by the friends of the Government to concili-
ate the.population.
The Fafis, the Mi&sterial paper, states that the
fact of a c )nvention for the cession of territory lately
made by the Persian to the Russian Government is
incontestible, but whether it elitends to the fron-
tiers of Turkish Armenia is uncertain. The Ptiys
adds that such a convention is in the Very nature
of things. According to the terns of the alacient
treaties existing between Russia, Feth Ali Shah, and
Mehemmed Shah, Russia engaged to.defend with
arms the kingdom of Persia in case its territory
should be invaded. At the Commencement of the
existing differences With Great Britain the Shah
claimed from Russia the benefit of those treaties,
and the latter hastenA to follow up acts with
words by sending an army which is at present
assembled on the Araxes. The presence of these
troops did not stop the expedition to Bushire, but
it prevented the English from advancing to Cabul
or C indaltar, and from invading Khorassan.
The French government has appointed two
consuls to Persia. One at Tauris, and another
who is to reside at Shiraz during the time Bushire
is occupied by the British troops.
A letter from aattaro, of the 6th mat.. announces
that Prince Danielo is about to proceed, accom-
panied by his wife,
.to C.)rfu, where the sister of
the Princess is married to a Greek. The Prince
will be accompanied in his journey by the French
consul. It is said that the Prince *ill proceed
from Corfu through Marseilles to Paris, to solicit
the mediation of the Emperor Louis Napoleon in
the Prince's differences with the Ottoman Porte.
There has been such a heavy fall of snow in
Montenegro that it required 400 men to clear the
road from Cettinyi, the capital, to Cattaro.
The Indepenaance BdO corrects What it calls an
error in the serni official article ,published in the
Constitutionnel on the treaty signed in December,
1854, between Austria and France, and referred to
by M. Disraeli in the House of Commons. The
Independance says that Austria did not engage by
that treaty to act against Russia, but on the other
hand, if disturbances had arisen in Italy during the
war, although Austria had not Marched it single man
against Russia. she, in virtue of the stipulations
sinned at Vienna the 22nd December, would have
had a right to demand the support of the French
army to te-establish order in Italy, and maintain
her authority, if such assistance were required,
The treaty was limited to the duration of the war,
and the treaty of Paris of the 30th March last put
an end to it,

A letter from Trieste arnAunces that the
Austrian Govern has placed on the stocks at
Pola, its principal naval dockyard, a screw frigate
on S, new model, which is to be called after the
date of the decree published by the Emperor of
Austria granting an amnesty to the political
prisoners in Lombardy. The Emperor himself
desired that this act of clemency should be con-
secrated in this manner.

Two young Austrians and two Tttrks have been
admitted into the French Naval College for
Engineers,

The ' rmenians who inhabit the Ottoman
Empire, and -,who form a community of about
3,000,000 indLAuals, have resolved to appoint a
srceial agent at :London and Paris to protect their
interests. Their choice has fallen on a member
of the family Duz, one of the most influential
Armenian families throughout the East.
There was a long conference yesterday at the
Foreign Office, between Count Walewski, Doctor
Kern, and M. de Hatzfeld, the Prussian Minister.
The conference was held on the affairs of Swiizer-
land.

It is announced that M. de Rayneval, the French
Ambassador at Rome, has been summoned to
Paris, where he will only remain a few days.
M. Ferdinand Barret, Senator, has laid on the
table of the Senate a project proposing that the
resolutions of the Caunc:ls - General shall be
annually examined by that house, and that a
Senates Consultuna shall be founded thereon. The
Ministers, it appears, are not in favour of the
measure, on the ground of its interfering with their
functions. It meets, however, with the approval of
the Emperor.

adjunets of Marshal Radetsky Went to that city,
) where they were ioitowed by Colonel Muller,
) who, as you are already aware, is a referendary
, in his Majesty's Central Military Chancellerie.
It is related that in the evening of the day
• on which the news of what had happened
at Mantua reached Milan, not one fourth of
the usual number of officers appeared in the
Scala. The Deutiehe Algenteine Zeitung has learnt
froth Vienna that Baron Bach is abeut to under-
take a journey to Rome, "to endeavour to perSuade
the Papal Government to consent to a modification
of certain stipulations of the Concordat ;" but the
news is certainly apocryphal. The Minister of the
Interior rendered the Papal Nuncio all possible
assistance when he was negotiating for the Con-
cordat, and he is not likely to try to undo the
work of his own hands. Baron Bach has
recently become extremely devout, and if he
does go to Rome, it will doubtless be in order
to obtain the blessing of his Holiness. The
Eternal City is at present crowded to excess;
and it has been observed that very many of the
visitors are Neapolitans. A correspondent writes
to the Augsbury Gazette from Rame that Dr.
Gunther's works have not yet been definitively
condemned ; but the writer, who is probably a
Jesuit, says that it will be no disgrace to the
Clerical philosopher if the nro,dUctions of his brain
should be put on the "Index" of the Congregation.
At all events, Dr. Gunther would be in excellent
company, for his name would figure on the same
page with those of ./'peas Sylvius, Fenelon, and
many other, celebrated writers on occlesiastical
matters. l'itonignore Geissol, the Cardinal Arch-
bishop of Cologne, and a couple of Austrian
j Archbishops, are expected to be present at the
next Consistory.
Your attention has recently been called to the
fact that much of the discontent which prevails in.
the Lombardo Venetian kingdom and in Hungary
arises from the attempts of the Ministeis of the
Interior and of Public Instruction to force the
German language upon the inhabitants of those
countries, and reliable information has to-day been
acquired that the tame system prevails in Gallicia.
According to the Vest Lloyd the following re-
ductions are likely to be made in the Russian
Customs. The duties on silk, linen, and cotton
goods are to be reduced from silver roubles 20
copecks to 1 silver rouble 15 copecks per pound.
The duty on cloth from 1 silver rouble 60 copecks
to l silver rouble LO copecks per pound. The
prohibition against the import of spirits of wine,
articles of clothing, and crystallized sugar is to be
raised. It is related that the head-quarters of the
Caucasian army have been removed from Tiflis to
Shirvati, a Russian province to the south of
Daghestan, on the west coast of the Caspian.
It is said that the Archduke Ferdinand Maxi
milian is again in Milan.

THE BALTIC,

- .~.:.

ItAkbeitO, FEEL
The recently mentioned fire in Bremen has
caused no further dathage than the deStruction of
One small storehouse.

A steam navigation company, to be called the
Northern Lloyd's, is being formed in Bremen to
run steamers from Bremerhaven to different ports
of Great Britain and other countries. The sum of
4,000,000 of thalers was subscribed in one evening
at a meeting of Bremen merchants, to support the
Undertaking.

expense, for nearly twenty years, a iighthmise for the
advantages of all commercial nations. All profited by it.
None of them complained of it. Turkey never protested
against this useful public establishment. With respect to
Bolgrad, Lord Ciarendon's deSpatdh attethpts to show
that if the town of Bolgrad remained included in the
Russian territory, the pUs:it!On of this town would be in
contradiction with the principle in virtue of which Rnssia
was to remain separated frOm all river eomunication
with the Danube. Tho acts of the Congress of
Paris do not furnish proof of such a conclusion.
We find no trace of it in the protocols. On the Contrary,
the treaty of. Ikla:rCh 30 leaves the Pruth for a great part
of its course as a frontier of the two empires. Now, this
river is one of the Mast considerable tributaries of the
Danube. The principle really sanctioned by the Congress
of Paris is, that of the free navigation of this river. The
situation of Bolgrad can in no way contravene it. The
Imperial Cabinet was the first to remove the slightest
apprehension on this subject. As soon as it learned by
its commissioners that it was suspected of the concealed
intention of profiting by the neighbourhood of Lake
Yalptick to keep a single boat there for the service of the
Customs or the quarantine, it instantly consented to
separate the town from the lake by a road destined to
serve as the frontier line. Yet more—the Russian
commissioners went so far as to propose the construction
of a dyke, to separate the northern extremity of the lake
from all communication with the Danube. I merely cite
this fact to attest the extreme anxiety with which the
Russian Government has sought all the means in
its powtt to remove from its policy, I do not
say all reproach, but even the slightest suspicion. Did
the Congress intend to preserve to Russia the capital of
the Bulgarian colonies ? Yes, or no 1 This is the single
question which the Cabinets have to settle. If Russia,
for her part, has shown so much fidelity and scrupulous-
ness in conforming to her engagements, has the govern-
ment of her Britannic Majesty, on its side, fulfilled hers
with the same accuracy ? Has the convention relative to
the closing of the Straits been obssrved as an ancient rule
of the Ottoman empire so long as the Porte is at peace ?
Has the principle of the neutralisation of the Black Sea
consecrated by the treaty of Paris been put in force ? The
evidence of facts proves the contrary. t have devoted all
my.effortis,to accelerate the moment when the plenipoten-
tiaries of all the Cabinets should fiud themselves reunited
at Paris. This result is on the eve of being accomplished.
We regard it as a new mark of respect paid to the autho-
rity of the public law of Europe, and at the same time as
the addition of one guarantee the more to that system of
concert and general agreement of which the principle has
been sanctioned by the acts of the Congress of Paris.

BALTIC REVELATIONS OF ADMIRAL NAPIER.

(Extracts from "The History of the Baltic Campaign of 1854.")
THE WAY tO FIGHT RUSSIA.—It had been discovered
that the Minie rifles sent out to this fleet were in the case
of some ships without ammunition! and this circumstance
having reached the authorities at home, the Admiral was
asked to ascertain the truth Of the report, which was
found to have been well grounded.
TAKING CARE OF ONE'S OWN HOUSEHOLD.—I send my
son out in the Dauntless to join the St. Jean d'Acre.
Perhaps you will allow him to wait on you and make your
acquaintance, and I am glad that, in his early life, he
should have the honour and advantage of serving in a fleet
under your cornrnanci.—;fir fames Graham's despatch of
2nd July to Admiral Napier.
THE FALL OF DOMARSUND —On the 28th the fleet was
much surprised by the approach of the trecta, :'!111,4 the
signal flying, " Bomarsund has been successfully bom-
barded."ll thought the days of magic were returned,
till on the Hecla coming to an anchor, it was found that
the bombardment amounted to Captain Hall's having
fired at the ferts nettr4 all the shot and shell of Admiral
Plurnridge's squadron, as described in the previous
chapter, and then leaving the place. E 2
THE REFORM DINNER TOasT.A.t this reform banquet
some after dinner jecttlaritlett were exaggerated by the
press into serious ;statements, as to what the fleet would
shortly accomplish. Amongst these statements was On
so ludicrous that it was surprising how it could have
found its way into sober type, even in a newspaper, viz.,
that the Admiral would be in St. Petersburg in three
weeks, the ice before that capital ,not breaking up till
May, whilst the admiral had not a ship of the line in his
squadron, which from its great draught of water, would
that within 20 miles of St. Petersburg, even when the iC)
had broken up. It would be needless to say that Sir
Charles never made any declaration of the kind.
THE CUTLASS SHARFIENING SHAM.—The signal was as
follows :—" Lads, war is declared, we have O. bold and
numerous enemy to meet. Should they offer you battle
you know how to dispose of them. Should they remain in
fort we must try and get at them: Success depends upon
the quickness and precision of your fire. Sharpen your
cutlasses, and the day is your own." This signal was
purely given by way of putting the fleet in.good humour,
and that in terms to which sailors love to listen. Yet it
had another and more definite object, viz., to give the
squadron a good-natured hint on some very material
points, in which, from the inexperience of the men, it was
most deficient,
THE PLUAIRIDOE PIRA& AND Aft.TRDEIL—This ill-starred
expedition had cost six officers and forty seamen without
effecting anything. Nor was this destruction of property
worth going after. Very little, with the exception of a
few barrels of pitch found at Brakestend, was the property
of the Russian Government. It was the private property
of shipbuilders and others, and no small portion was
English property. upon which money had been advanced,
as is customary in the English market. The materials
destroyed were the property of the Fins, who had not
offended us, and with whom it was politic to maintain a
good understanding; this great object being frustrated by
a wanton destruction, which gave great pain to the
admiral comtaanding in chief, and which barely comes
within the pale of civilised warfare.
THE COST OF THE WAR WITH RUSSIA.—Our own
Government has never ventured to lay our cost in human
life and national treasure before the public :—The follow-
ing summary of Marshal Valliant, in his report to the
Emperor Napoleon, should place the idea of capturing
Cronstadt without means, in a light so ridiculous, as to
render the detractors of Sir Charles Napier ashamed of
recurring to it. France sent to Sebastopol 309,268 troops,
and 41,974 horses. Of these, 70,000 men died and were
missing. Let us put our own loss at 50,000 men, and the
result is, that to capture the south side of Sebastopol cost
the Allies the loss of 120,000 lives, while that of the enemy
who defended it could not have been under double the
number, and has been computed at more than four times
the number.

RUSSIAN BRAVERY AT ALAN E.—The fire from Captain
Ramsay's battery now began to bring down the wall in
large masses, and the ruins contributed to shelter the one
invincible gun. Its embrasure had become a breach, into
which the brave Russians rushed at every fresh blow from
the English battery, and deliberately shovelled away the
lime and stone from their wonderful gun. So thickly did
the ruin accumulate around it, that there was not time to
clear away the debris, and the gun was fired from within
the heap, so as to blow away the accumulating mass.
For some time yet the gun gave shot for shot, but at half-
past five in the afternoon, down came the side of the port,
and the noble gun was deeply buried within its ruins
Loud now rose the British cheers, not so much for their
success as for the bravery which had been opposed to it.
To resist further was impossible, and the brave defender
of the tort hung out a flag of truce.
THE GREAT CITY ON THE NEVA.—One fact, or series
of facts, stares us in the face, viz., that on the banks of
the Neva stands a city, the wonder of modern times. The
approaches to this city are defended by fortresses the
most gigantic the world ever saw ; armies are supported
beyond modern precedent in number; a navy has been
created which we may one day learn not to think lightly
of; a whole nation is placed in a degree of comfort quite
equal to our own; whilst in the higher classes an amount
of wealth and luxury is apparent surpassing our own. All
thin is more or less the result of a paper medium. Not
that Russia does not possess gold, and in abundance, but
her raper has paid the workmen who have created all this,
and the armies who defend it when created. Russia has
then acquired the secret of using paper money to advan-
tage, and of keeping it within those bounds which prevent
disadvantage.
ADMIRAL NAPIER'S LETTER TO PRINCE ALBERT.--I
have received your Royal Highness's commands to attend
her Majesty on' the 7th of July, to be invested with the
insignia of a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of
the Bath. I beg your Royal Highness will convey to her
Majesty, "my humble duty and sincere thanks for the
honour her Majesty contemplated conferring on me, and
I beg most. respectfully your Royal Highness will convey
to her Majesty my regret that I do not think I can, con-
sistent with my own honour, accept it. I beg to assure
your Royal Highness that I mean no disrespect to her
Majesty; she has not a more devoted subject than
myself, and I am ready to lay down my life in her
service. I have served her Majesty's family with honour
and credit for 55 years, and at the end of my career I
have been grossly insulted, and false interpretations put
upon my despatches, by the Admiralty, mid been degraded
and dismissed because I resented, as became a man of
honour, injuries wounding to my character. Her Majesty
last year confided to me the command of the finest fleet
that ever left these shores, as far as ships are concerned,
but badly manned and totally unorganised. i led that
fleet to the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland, much earlier
than usual, with imperfect charts and ignorant pilots, and
conducted them safely through all the dangers and intri-
cacies of that little known sea; and in conjunction with
her Majesty's allies, took and destroyed the western bul-
wark of the Emperor of Russia's dominions ; and because
I would not attempt impossibilities suggested by an
English brigadier-general, and recommended by the Ad-
miralty, though disapproved of by myself, by my admirals,
by the French marshal, and by the French admirals, in
councils of war, I received insulting letters, and was
deprived of my command because I resisted, as a British
Admiral ought to do, such unworthy treatment. I have
no hesitation in saying, had I followed the insane sugges-
tions of Sir James Graham and his Admiralty, the allied
army would have been made prisoners, and the greater
part of her Majesty's fleet lost. I stated this to the
Admiralty, and I demanded a court martial to investigate
my conduct, which was refused, and I do not think I can
accept an honour until my character is cleared. Your
Royal Highness is a soldier, and you know what is due to
a soldier's honour, and I feel satisfied your Royal Highness
will pardon the unusual course I have taken to convey my
feelings to her Majesty.