Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-04-22 00:00:00

THE NORTHERN TIMES FRIDAY,, APRIL 22,1859

el)t.

FRIDAY,

APRIL 22, 1859

THE DAY'S NEWS

The chief interest will centre this morning in the
news from the Continent, and which is, indeed, not
only important, but most alarming in its character.
Late yesterday a telegram was received in London,
from Turin, by the Tinzes, and published in a third
edition of that journal; in which it is stated that
General Gyutai had been ordered to present an ulti-
matum for disarmament, and the sending away of
volunteers, and the telegram adds that if this is re-
fused war is to be declared in three days. The same
telegram states that two more divisions of the Aus-
trian army of 80,000 men have been ordered to the
Ticino, and that the English proposal for a congress
upon the same conditions as that at Laybach has
been refused. It is said that the Government re-
,ceived the substance of the information above, and a
Cabinet Council was summoned immediately. The
information received prior to the foregoing we pro-
ceed to summarise.

The .31oniteur of . yesterday contained the
following:—" England has made to the four
other great 'powers the following propositions :-
1. To effectuate, previous to the congress, a general
and simultaneous disarmament. 2. The disarmament
to be, regulated by a military or civil commission,
independent of the congress; this commission to be
composed of six commissioners, one of whom to be a
Sardinian. 3. As soon as the commission shall have
commenced operations the congress should assemble,
and proceed to the discussion of political questions.
4. That the representatives of the Italian states
-should be invited on the congress immediately after
-its assembling to take their seats with the represen-
tatiVes of the great powers, absolutely, as at, the
.congress of 1821. France, Russia, and Prussia
have given in their adhesion to the proposal of

England

correspondent of tile Times says, it is certain that, in
France, there is no cessation of armaments.

The Herald's correspondent says :
troops continue to concentrate at Lyon

'Masses of

An army

is to-be collected on the Rhine frontier. Numerous
cavalry regiments have already begun their march
thither. Two regiments of heavy cavalry, the
carabineers, which had been quartered at Versailles
since 1848, left on Wednesday for Strasbourg.
Military men consider this fact very significant. A
regiment of hussars has been ordered to proceed, by
forced marches, to the Piedmontese frontier. General

Renault's division was ordered, on Monday, to com-
mence its March from Lyons to the frontier. A
battalion of chasseurs had proceeded six miles when
it was recalled, but in the night they departed by
railway,

The-Vienna correspondent of the Times says that

avourable accounts had arrived from

the SUCCESS of the Archduke Albrecht's mission.
It was asserted that, although Prussia would not
take any steps of importance until France
had definitively rejected the propositions of Austria,
preparations were being made for mobilising a part
of the Prussian army. Four army corps are to be
ready, in the first instance, for this emergency, each
corps consisting of 32,000 men. Three army corps
of the army of the German Confederation are to be
placed on the Upper Rhine. The danger of war is
considered so imminent at Frankfort that the Federal
Diet, which has been holding secret sittings, has
resolved not to adjourn for the Easter holidays.
A letter from Berlin states that the editors of
newspapers in Prussia have been requested not to
publish anything connected with preparations for
war, or movements of troops.
The semi-official Russian gazette, Preussiche
Zeitung, publishes an article which states that
the assembling of the congress is becoming more
and more doubtful, and that the state of affairs
has assumed a most serious aspect. Ic induces the
'Russian Government to think that it is a proper
time to make proposals to the Federal Diet for the
purpose of taking measures for its own interests
and safety. Government has even preceded the
proposals, by ordering three coys d'arnzee to be

placed on a war footing. These measuros are merely
of a defensive character, and without any aggressive
signification.
Advices have been received from Constantinople
to the 13th inst. The apprehension of war has
aroused fears of an insurrection in Turkey.
The deliberations of the Divan have lately been
addressed to the consideration of the attitude
which it should assume to meet coming emer-
gencies, and Omer Pacha has been summoned.
The 'Journal de Constantinople quckes letters from
the Danubian Principalities, confirming the, report
of Russian armaments in Bessarabia. The. Greek
Government is making a new loan. The concession
of the railway from the Bosphorus to Smyrna has
been granted to an English company, represented' by
the editor of the Journal de Constantinople. Letters
have been received tending to confirm previous
reports that I'oo,ooo Russians are' to be assembled in
Georgia.
The Bombay mails of th
arrived. The news has

26th of March has
'en chiefly anticipated by
_ „

the telegram published some two days since. The
details are, however, highly satisfactory. It is said
that the rebellion has been so completely suppresed
that that there is nothing to say respecting the
movements of the rebels.

The Election News is meagre. The Liberal can-
didates for South Laßeashire continue their tour,
and yesterday those on the other side made a
beginning, and, strange to say, that Ormskirk and
Southport were favoured with speeches from the
four candidate. In Chester, the contest between Mr.
Salisbury and Mr. Humberstone will be very severe,
Mr. Grenfel has resigned, and his supporters are re-
commended to vote for Mr. Salisbury, but a large
number will, it is said, vote for Mr. Humberstone.
Nevertheless, Mr. Salisbury's friends count upon a
certain victory, and certainly, if the electors of
Chester study their own interest, to say nothing of
the great political principles involved, they should

s to be accompanied to
bu

TWIN RUSSELL, in 1852 and 1854, he shows, pro-
mised, but withdrew Reform Bills ,; and Lord
PALMERSTON in 1857 and 1858, promised, but never
produced such measures at all. Whereas, he de-
dares, "in 1858 and 1859 Lord DERBY promised and
kept his word by bringing forward a Reform Bill,
which was read the first-time ; but upon the second
reading, political parties, agreeing only in their
opposition to the Government, combined to prevent
the fair discussion of the merits of the bill in
committee. The consequence is, that a favourable
opportunity of satisfactorily, and I may say, patri-
otically, settling this great question without agi-
tation, after giVing it their calm and impartial
consideration, to whiCh the House was pledged, has
been lost." This altogether constitutes, of course, a
combination of reasons why the appeal to the country
should be answered in favour of Lord DERBY'S-
Administration. Very different is the estimate
which Mr. JAMES WHITE, the Liberal candidate for
re-election at Plymouth, puts upon such an Adminis-
tration.- " Her MajestjT's Ministers have counselled
the Queen," he tells the electors, "to dissolve the
present Parliament.. Thus Toryism," he adds,
"audaciously challenges the verdict of the people
on the great question of Reform of .our Representa-
tive Institutions. The truth and earnestness of my
countrymen guarantee that the result of this appeal-
must be the early expulsion from office of its present
occupants." The contrast here with what we have
adduced immediately before it, is very striking.
Again, we see another striking contrast in Cum-
berland. The Han. CHARLES HOWARD (Lord CAR-

" The -Conservative. Government brought in a Reform
Bill, but- that Bill did not materially extend the
franchise in towns ; .it deprived of their freehold
franchise voters for the county residing within the
limits of-a
-Parliamentary Borough, and insisted upon
an identity of town and county franchise, which is
at variance with the practice of our Constitntion."
For these . reasons, of course;:he voted against it.
While Major TIiONIPSON, addressing the constituency
of Cockermouth, in the same county, says.—" Believ-
ing as I do, that the Bill would have extended the
franchise to great numbers most worthy to have a
voice in the representation of their country,=
believing, as I do, that the. disfranchisement of all
the smaller boroughs would have been attended with
great injustice—believing, as I do, that the present is a
most inopportune moment to weaken the prestige of
England abroad, by showing dissenSion at home, I
am of opinion that the Bill ought to have been sup-
ported through a second reading, and those amend-
Merit§ Which might be considered necessary have
been introduced in committee."

We have still another striking contrast, in Mr. J.
H., WINGFIELD'S. address 'to the electors of Peter-
borough, when he declares,— " The Ministry have
been drivqn to appeal to the country by a resolution
framed by Lord JOHN RUSSELL, •whiCh, while it
professed to impugn certain portions of the Govern-
ment Reform Bill, rather in matters of detail than of
principle, was really intended as a vote of censure
on the Ministry, and too evidently as the stepping-
stone for the return of the Whigs to office." But
see how differently Lord PALMERSTON'S Attorney-
General, Sir RICHARD BETTIEL, thinks of it. Ad-
dressing the electors of Wolverhampton, after
describing the present conjuncture as one fraught
with peril to the peace of Europe, and insisting
therefore that it was not the time for involving the
State in all the excitement of a General Election, he

_ v.v.. a wavu vu uuc tom. unu t.rovernthent
called for the condemnation of every wise, discreet,
and patriotic man, to whatever •party he might
belong. They have dissolved Parliament at this
critical moment, and left England without a Govern..
ment

because the House of- Commons rejected their
Reform Bill but instead of appealing from that
House to the Country, 'they. state that they do. not
mean to re-introduce that measure, on the ground of
the rejection of which they chose•at this important'
period to throw the country into the paralysis
which must attend the*peiied .15f a contested elec-
tion." This is 'not exactly' 'a correat =statement

of the case ; but it serves its authOr's turn.
In short, it is -all very much a serving of tuns.
,It- is for every one, therefore, to exercise his own
judgment. The whole case is now before the several
constituences of the country. We have, in these
columns, endeavoured to present both sides'. Of it
fairly .as it stands. And there is no slight
interest in looking " on this picture and on that."
But, what is of far more consequence, there is no
slight instruction also. There can be no difficulty,
one would think,•en such an occasion, in deciding
,no excuse whatever, at such a

what side to take
crisis, for halting between. two opinions

THE DYNAMIC MERITS OF STEAM SHIPS

THIS is a subject of very great practical importance
in a maritime country like ours ; and it is therefore
very satisfactory to find that its introduction at the
great meeting of the British Association at Leeds,
last year, has had the effect of attracting to its
consideration considerable attention. Let it only be
remembered that Dynamics is the science of moving
powers, particularly of the motion of bodies that
mutually act on one another, and it will be under-
stood at once how importantly it bears upon the

merits of steam navigation, in its practical operations.
Nov the British Association, be it known, has had.

Lure into

the statistics of shipping, with a view to rendering
statistical records more available as data in further-
ance of the improvement of naval architecture as
respects the adoption of the form. of ships to the
requirement of ,sea-ser7ice. Their mode of proce-
dure, we lea:rn, was, by 'a. system of collation and
induction to discover practically those types and
elefnents of construction which have been found by

experience most conducive to good performances at
sea. And by a Report just issued, it appears
that it was intended, in the case of steam-
ships, that the statistics of the original
trials to which steamers are generally put when
new, should also be collected, classified, and collated
with reference to the subsequent performances of the
same vessels at sea, whence it might be determined to
what extent and in what respect the usual smooth-
water trials of steamships may be indicative of the
probable properties to be expected of the same ships
at sea as respects their dynamic capabilities. This
certainly contemplated the acquisition of some very
important practical knowledge of the real economy
of steam navigation ; and the committee have, in
their report, the satisfaction of making known
"that this attempt at practically inquiring into the
peculiarities of construation to which the good or
bad qualities of steam-ships may be attributable, has
not been wholly fruitless, for, although ship-owners,
ship-builders, and marine engine manufacturers have
been generally reluctant to communicate particulars
whereby the dynamic merits of ships may be numeri-
cally classed and compared, the results of which
classification and comparison might, if promulgated,

affect the commercial value of their propelly, and
the relative professional reputation of constructors,
still, in reply to the before mentioned circular, infor-
mation has been communicated, as to the performance

of vessels, particularly steam-vessels, by which it
appears that a great difference exists between steam-
ships as respects their economic capabilities for the
performance of mercantile steam transport service,
leading to the conclusion that the general aggregate
of steam service is performed by vessels of inferior
adaptation for economic duty, and consequently at a
rate of prime cost expenditure, and, therefore, Ulti-
mate charge on the public, greatly in excess of that
which would be involved if all steamers were of the
superior class of, excellence that has been already, in
certain cases, actually attained." This, then, to go
no further, were a fact well worth knowing.
In illustration of their principle, the committee
adduce the steamer Bremen, as a'model for the
purpose,—as being the vessel which gave, it seems,
" the highest co-efficient of dynamic performance" of
any vessel brought before them. They regarded it,
they state, as affording a felicitous exemplification of
naval architecture as respects type of form adapted
for easy propulsion. And having given the statistical
data as to its elements of construction, 'they Wish it
to be observed " that the maximum immersed section
is at the middle of the length, and that the vertical
sections are in such ratio-to each other, with reference
to their respective positions, that the curve of ver-
tical sections will be a' close approximation to a
parabola."
It would be beyond our ability, and, indeed, it
would be out of place in these columns, to go at
large into the scientific details of such an experi-
ment as this.' We can only glance, and that very
imperfectly, at the bare outlines of the case. But
even this may not be altogether uninteresting or
uninstructive ; while if it conduce in any wise to
draw attention to the whole subject more closely
and more extensively, it may not, humble though
the effort be, altogether fail of effect. The real
object in view is to promote an improved type
of build in our steamers ; and the public
importance of such an object may be judged of by
the fact that there are now, according to the Board
of Trade returns, nearly nine hundred steam vessels,
of which considerably more than one-half are sea-
going ships, employed in the commercial transport
service of this country, and that 'the ratio in which
this service is performed by the aid of steam appears
to be constantly on the increase.

DEATH OF THE DUBLIN CORONER.---The Dublin papers
of last evening, announce the death of John Elliott Hyndam,
Esq., city coroner, and agent, at Dublin, for foreign pass-
ports, which occurred yesterday morning at his residence.

MR. S. R. GRAVES.---Our respected townsman, Mr. S.
R. Graves, though he has never yet been in parliament, ap-
pears to have impressed various constituencies in different
parts of the kingdom, by his Capacity for dealing with some
of the most pressing questions of the day, particularly,
connection with shipping and mercantile affairs. After
refusing offers froth his native town (New Ross), and from
Sunderland, Mr. Graves has this week been much pressed to
stand for Southampton, blit this flattering offer he has, we

understand, also felt it his duty to decline. Though differ-
ing somewThat in politics from Mr. Graves, we feel assured
that, if elected by:any constituency, he would make an ad-
mirable business member of the House of Commons.