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Vortiitrit

TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 1859,

THE, DAY'S NEWS

The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, Chancellor of
the Exchequer, made the ministerial explanation of
the state _of-affairs on the: Continent, and the
part the English administration had taken, in the
HOuse of Commons, last night. According to the
right hon. gentleman, the state of affairs at the
beginning of the year were favourable, one by one
the difficulties had been surmounted, but it was found
that Italy was a stnnibling block. Indeed, at the
Paris Conference, the English representative had
declared that an investigation into her affairs
were necessary. Then it was that the rupture
broke out between Austria and France. The
English Government, seeing the state of affairs,
had despatched Lord Cowley to Vienna, where he
was received with the greatest consideration, and it
was thought that the affair was settled_ Then came
the agreement between Russia and France about
Italy, and the proposal of a Congress of the five
great powers. The English minhtry found it politic
to acquiesce, on five cond:tions ; the chief, that the
treaty .of 1815 should not be interfered with.
Austria was a consenting party, on condition that
Sardinia would disband her troops ; this the latter
country refused to do, although England and France
jointly guaranteed Sardinia against any attack from
Austria. All the great powers were in favour of
disbanding, the only difference being that
Austria insisted that Sardinia should disband
before the assembling of the Congress, the . other
powers being satisfied that she should disband
after the. Congress. Sardinia refused to
disband if she was not represented in the
Congress, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer
argues that she could not be represented, seeing that
she is not one of the great powers. He concluded
by stating that no power- at present would rush
wantonly into war. The issue was no mean one, as
a revolution in Italy would end in a general Euro-
pean war. Lord Palmerston said that the English
Government had done quite right in sending Lord
Cowley to Vienna. He, however, was of opinion that
Austria's demands regarding Sardinia are unfair, and
seems to think that, if all foreign troops were.
withdrawn from Italy, it would lay the foundation
of improved things in that country ; and the sooner
that a general Congress decided the matter, the
better. He argued that Austria could not entertain
any serious apprehension of Sardinia, and that the
latter nation would, at no very distant date, disarm
of her own accord. He did not see any insuperable
objection to the admisSion of. Sardinia to the Eu-
ropean Congress. Mr. T. Duncombe said that the
people of England would not be satisfied if Sardinia
was not admitted to the Congress, and expressed his
opinion that " the state of Italy was a disgrace to
Europe, and the peace of that country could not be
secured until Austria was got rid of, and Italy made
free and united." Mr. Gladstone did not think that
the Chancellor of the Exchequer's speech was
such as to gratify Austria in the sigh-handed
way in which she had acted towards
Sardinia. - The demands of the latter Adminis-
tration to be admitted to the European Con-
gress was quite natural; still there were difficulties
in the way. Yet, if she was not admitted to the
Congress, she ought not to be called upon to disarm.
Several other speakers alluded to the subject, after
which the House adjourned, there being a count

In the House of Lords, a somewhat similar state-
meet was made by the Earl of Malmesbury. Lord
Derby stated that affairs had now reached such a
pitch that it ought to be said that England had ex-
hausted all means of conciliation, and that she would
withdraw frorri all further interference, and leave
them to settle their affairs themselves.
Great exertions are being made for the triumphant
return of Messrs. Cheetham and Heywood, for the
Southern Division of Lancashire. This day
(Tuesday), there will be a meeting at the Free-Trade
Hall, Manchester. at three o'clock, p.m. ; and to-
morrow, there will be three meetings : at Todmorton,
at ten o'clock . a.m. ; at Rochdale, at two o'clock
p.m. ; and at the Royal Amphitheatre, Liverpool,
at half-past seven o'clock in the evening. On the
21st, there will be meetings at Ormskirk and
Southport.
The Morning Post of yesterday explains the
present clitfitulty—that is, according to the Palmer-
ston view of the question—as follows :—" 1. When a
Congress was first proposed Austria demanded that
Piedmont should disarm, without any guarantees.
This demand was discountenanced immediately by
all the great Powers. 2. Then Austria demanded
that all the greut Powers should accept the principle j
of a disarmament, the details and provisions of which
were to be discussed and arranged at the Congress.
3. To these propositions France agreed, as well as
the other great Powers, although Russia observed, the
disarming would be more logical after a Congress.
4. Austria was not content with this arrangement,
but employed England to urge France to demand
Piedmont to disarm under any circumstances. 5.
France replied that she would not support such a
demand, as neither Sardinia nor the other Italian
States would be admitted on equal terms at the
Congress, nor would their voice be heard in councils
initiated to discuss the interest of Italy, and remove
evils registered in the protocols of the Treaty
of Paris, and acknowledged by all the great ,
Powers as dangerous to the peace of the world."
The Paris Pays and Pattie have each a paragraph,
stating that the following basis of the Congress have
been proposed by England, and " accepted by the
four Powers :"—" I To concert means for the mainte-
nance of peace between Austria and Sardinia. 2.
The manner in which the evacuation of the Roman
States by the French and Austrian troops may best
be effected. 3. Whether it is desirable to effect
:reforms in the internal adMinistration of the Roman
States and the other States of Italy whose adminis-
tration may be faulty to such an extent as to create
a permanent and dangerous state of •trouble and dis-
content, and what these reforms shall he. 4. To
subititute for the treaties between Austria and the
Duchies a confederation of the Italian States for
their mutual protection, both internally and ex-
ternally."

The ✓Cologne Gazette publishes a document which
it describes as the "secret instructions of the
National Italian Society," and signed G. Gari-
baldi,- vice president, and G. Farina, secretary.
Articles 1 and 2 of this document are thus coa-
l.. As soon as hostilities shall have
commenced between Piedmont and Austria you
will rise in insurrection to the cry of 4 Italy and
Victor Emmanuel for ever!' Down with the
Austrians !' 2. If an insurrection be not possible
in your town the young men capable of bearing arms
must leave it ana must go to the nearest in which
an insurrection may have succeeded or may have
the chance of succeeding. Choose in preference the
towns situated in the vicinity of Piedmont." Art. 4
recommends the adherents of the society not to be
the first to fire on the Hungarian or Italian soldiers,
but on the contrary to employ all means to win
them over to the Italian cause, to receive as brethren
those who may desert, &c. Art. 9 states that a
permanent court-martial will be established to
judge within twenty-four hours perions guilty of
acts of hostility to the national cause, or against the
life and property of peaceable citizens. It says also :
" The secretary will not permit the establisliment of
olubs or of political journals, but will publish an
official bulletin recording all important facts. He will
maintain the most severe discipline in the militia, and
will be without pity to deserters.".
correspondent of the Times, writing
-'tea the French awl -

ceived

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