Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-11-07 00:00:00

THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND OCCIIIPA.TW

ON MORTALITY.

Dr. Letheby has presented his ninth annual
of
report on the sanitary condition of the Cit Ste,
London, from which wa take the follovviag

resting extracts :- tbef
If it bo a satisfaction to know that there suit_yott
places in a yct worse condition than this is, cries, toll
that the mortality of the whole city is inuran!.,aiity
that of the average of large towns. Here the In
_ll,4'OW
at the rate of 22'3 per 1,000 of the aWveg 1.0
generality of such places it is as high as 23 26:: Bel
all England it is at the rate of 22 that I,oou. e reacba
ought not to lull us into the belief w" ba.r.-erS hale
the highest point of sanitary rule, for these Inn°o,, citri
but a doubtful signification. In some parts
should it
the death rate amounts to 27 per 1,000 ; and „lit witlol
perform my duty if I masked this fact, or le"
a comment. e 0 j
n, sr,
And now let us see what has been the ingle-t. cleat"
on the city mortality, and what the proportion of
at each of the several epochs of life. 'l'm' `%;111 the leiffn
the "second table that of the 2,904 deaths or rale,'
1,163 occurred among infants of less than fiveei eetwee7
age, 1M between the ages of five and twenty", 3't, 5491;
twenty and forty, 522 between forty and erc's
tween sixty:and 3eighty, and only 86 after the t 001
of life. Of 1,000 persons, therefore, who died 'loft. se;
the city 400 did not ;reach the fifth year of to gofer
466 died before reaching the twentieth year' eveters
the third epoch, 781 before the fourth, 97,' exit
to
o,eo
fifth, and only thirty were left to struggle
epoch. As in the vision of Mirza, therefore, we ms! tb
the bridge of human life, with its hundred arecf peal
span the city ; we can also see mnltitude9 vre
sobs
struggling to pass over it ; and as we look
throughll3°
lively we may see the passengers dropping .5e thatti
traps and pitfalls of the bridge into the great t 1110,
flows beneath. But faster than in the dream °' 'to PI
the falling through of the crowd that straglessiPel°
over, for thicker and closer are the hidden st; 001
pitfalls that beset the way. Of the thousands!' erlcic
from the dark cloud that hangs about is“,eseth'r„elb
entrance only one or two will reach the huninn tbre'ses;
more than a third of them will have droPPe";theie
before they have traversed the twentieth part ; °f the
more than half before they have got to the c'e-at °`
thirtieth arch ; and by the time the rer",nnteere la
crowd has reached to the middle of the briogeee to
he but three-tenths of all that number totter."Oareaw
the fourth table of the appendix I have endar-00r'
a fleet
represent these facts more clearly than I °...,°,1* Ye of
them.; There' you will see; that the mortaliteeotbn
children is as high as 435 per 1,000 of all the uoilosto
93 per 1,000 of the living. In the West Londonnno of ,tie
is 363 per 1,000 of the deaths, or 101 per 1;760 of ;If
living ;• and in the City Union it is 327 Per, 559110
deaths, or 64.5 of the living. In all Englao",nie ssents
1,000 cf the deaths, or 73.6 per 1,000 of the,,,1,,,0-ofP°.f-
France it is just 81) per 1,000 of the living. 1 nnnnerle cnites,
of deaths at o her ages is shown in the fiftlir- 11 01
appendix, and the general results are, that 'fi:rti°-t of
except from ten to 35 years' of age the PrtW' nern reel
deaths in the city is much larger than r greP
England. Between those ages the advantages 3 t
in favour of a city life. rtalitio
As to the influence of occupation on the,mi.°-or.At'
may remind you of what was id in my 135' .errtot-tte°
the experience of another year has only col ise •0
former observations. Taking the mortality' ° 0006
years, the following are the results :-Of all the njoo of
20 years of age and upwards in the city °f -u°ens'esde%
deaths per nOOO are 22 5, but the different e`g.oB,nrS.
society have contributed very unequally to the aFoinenio
for butchers, poulterers, and fismongers, °Lno- ~tine
and merchants have died at the rate of only fres-oes. of
in the 1,000 ; while tailors and weavers, strerateoei
printers, and compositors have succumbed ant nls'4 to,
from 20 to 23 per 1,000; wine-merchants, Puu'iro.°''oo,
waiters, porters and messengers at the rate ofnage' e.
26 per 1,000;, blacksmiths and gasfitters, 0,1-29 °Poi
glaziers, dyers, bargemen, and watermen at fro-00, yof
in the 1,000; cabmen, draymeu, ostlers, carnerVelf'
stablekeepers at the rate of 31 in the 1,000; s 1 WO
needle women at fro n 34 to 35 in the 1,000; A,`l‘os,:tel
the hard-working classes of carpenters. rnl-se 11-thp
labourers at from 43 to 45 in theeth
may not be expressive of the exact inane '-IA cP"roe
severs of etllsl
occupations on the mortality of the
because it is impossible to eliminate all sources, fact ,01
but they represent nearly enough the genera,%, 50;00
there is a great difference in the vitality of genera,,,
classes, for the well-fed butcher and the ro Who alts
merchant die in far less proportion than do tioesiini of
mere exposed to the rough usages of life; and
there seems to be something about the close oec"epc"
clerks and rzeedlewornen that makes theta -
er fe
tt Etl
susceptible of disease. tee' deli
If we turn to the other modes of testing thine at leg
shall find that, while in all Leaden the mean 4r3(lb cp,
among adult males is a little less than 51' years'-epl‘eee.
has its particular longevity. The merchant, sse yesnoe,
and domestic servant, will live to be nearly be "sa
age ; the butcher, poulterer, and fishmonger. ''tee ssree,r
53. Most of the other classes will reach t° the
from 50 to San though the painter and arerr'
monger and hawker. the fro"' r°41,,0 Pw
.XTI 0.17, 12°
only from 48 to 49; and lastly, the printer an to ee
live to but 45, awl the baker and confectioner -ere °aloe'
Among females the differences of occupation are
f
striking, except in the case of the wives ef eca ge,n° tb
publicans. where instead of living to the Men, a
they die at 45;, and the poor needlewaman ;"n"-9
grave at the average age of 40. te Citi;tl
The mean age at death of adult males v,41; OIL
and of females 55 ; in all England it is 60 annan•ialen , ts"
in one case about 9 years is taken from the ,"3' toiLl"
in the other about 6. And again, if we eon thPolee,
longevity of adults at other ages it will be s° the
contrast is equally great. At 45 and uPwars".-e fey
age at death of the male citizen is en, and 01 nace ;011
65. In all England it is 68 and 69. -At the °,./otIllg;°‘
man may expect to live to the 72d year and t
the 75th, but in the whole of England the eltP.eneeP°f
the 76i h and the 77th. These are the numerie'aiey °
of the :strain upon a city life, and they tes sr
penalties that are paid to excessive civilizatiol:o din; is
The records of the last nine years tell US of t" ero 100
•00
which have contributed to these results- „at' else
written that of every thousand deaths CO r
been fatal in 212, fever in 46, others of the zsnma
in 125, diarrhoea in 40, convulsions and tee''ilsenorj
and pneumonia and bronchitis in 151. 'is PeAr gel tails
three city unions have furnished been t pr°'lSc,a
tons. The East London Union has ni,°os-nt,e,teej
zymotic maladies, in the proportion of 223 `nn vosliaj
'is the amount of the central city district. 10tbo
Union corteurnption has killed 247 of the 00-ficeitnini,li
and in the city only )91 ; and, lastly, hr°eolq
pneumonia have been fatal in 174 cases Pe"entra" In
the eastern district, and only 139 in the e
e
compared with England, the chief differencr Sole
causes of death are the amount of turberenl3ololro 0
especially of infants ; for while tabs), `coot. t If
hydrocephalus are fatal with us to the '4t h° hi'tolos/1
one thousand, in all England the numb are, ote,D°6
one thousand. Now, as these diseasle tha`„
occasioned by domestic vices, it may be sa'naresblosinf
the great causes of the high mortality of ;Oleo
city of London is the unwholesome state 01 :AO Jr°,
This I have endeavoured to illustrate idthe e''eestlrreivoi
the appendix, where I have classified the rel,j'Au,
different diseases under the heads of the seveesh
From that table it would appear that ne-inhissBP;e4
persons had its own prevailing malady. erst, 01,1 IS
to be the chief disease of needle Pr'-t g" c' t women, cao ,ros
cabmen, and policemen. Fever prevails
~, • li,`-ateel'o;
domestic servaets, needlewomen, and calatne,79: eiffef
and pneumonia among labourers paintenneeSsei nes•
costermongers, and hawkers ; brain siei9`o;;Dli'"tho
porters, publicans, watermen, and berg es'ne P, tone(
diseases are the especial attribute of t'o, lot,-tcs '-
There is a significance in all this, for it
peculiar habits of the different classes, fon. eann
much might be effected by prudence ands
foot
BOYS' CLOTSING MADE WITH GREAT TOO, $
COMPANY'S, Uanelagh-streat•
„i
,ov•
h
THE 7711VER1,171C LIURDER. -Baker Or-ir°:gill3rfieril
the female Ilatfitld appeared in our lasthe Ids
died on Thursday morning, at six o'eloCk'hc,
have been awful in the extreme. Sines t`n-neieo ei
his own throat, nutriment of any doe„r'r Je3tpdsof
given him, and he has been literally stareet: al of detot
A letter from Yee announces the arts °,,.- actr,e',o( dr
Carmouche, formerly known as the charn3,lbecnri9l/001
Veetpre, obliged to go to that place for t'e„ her„, is
health. which caus,s great nnvasin-ele liecti"oril‘f
Jenny Vtrtpre must have left indelible I.°, oer,tker t. 0%
minds of London playgoers of a cinarter 01 of yid
It is so long since anything has been brero be ee. Of.
most people in Paris had apposed he
TWaliCCii
Einer•
„110.0.
FATAL ACCIDENT TN LEITIf nit
DROWNED.-On Wednesday afternoon, pilots',4
If
dent took place in Leith Re:A.7s, whereby bel4",elbel
William Ycung and Thsmas Noble, hou'in thew t 0,11
Newhaven, lest their liv(s. They were„, or ° 0001
boarding a v. ssel, when, by some nlea' e bee ho
were upset. The body of Young
bl
Anotbe' 100 et,
bat that of Noble is will musing. hoseon
with them in the boat, was rescued t pi
,ice y
vessel, tbe r
Cne of the workmen who fell into
Alas wet Se
jJ
Entrepot at Antwerp was rescued AIM !1,40;c11
is sail to It_attiv
30, 0.3r4 t
on Sunday, after being buried for four d by P f
was fastened up in a sort of cavity fornesenaen tjeeif,eoll
beams, and he existed on rice an recoStul
fortunately a quantity was near him' ,b„ pog ',to
injury, but was much affected in mina fiaci be of
emotion. It was reported
from amidst the ruins, from which it yr
toy
e.
another man is stilt buried there ally
1114P1
tO
that grnaniould opp
Exchtsively for CLOTHING 4 BOYS Raz'''.
LEWIS Is COMPAN,