Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-01-26 00:00:00

ERA'

CONGRESS OR NO CONGRESS.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Chronicle (a
journal which is said to 'derive inspiration from the'
Tuileries), writing on Sunday evening, says :—" Now
that it is known the treaty of commerce between France
and England will, on the part of the GovernMent, only
be enforced a year benc2,, our political circles have
somewhat abandoned the subject, to. take UP 'the—
in my opinion—all absorbing question, Will the
Congress meet or not ? This may thus be an-
swered, It will meet, unless the machinations of
Austria -and
,Rome prevent so desirable a 'result.' This
Government is' prepared, as I am assured, to carry
out the original idea of a congress, and no one can doubt
that the English Government. will fully • concur in it;
but Austria and Rome are no longer a to be repro-
°
spnted at a meeting,of the plenipotentiaries of the great
powers of Eurepe. What causes a change So- *Marked ?
Why does Austria, who- herself issued invitations to
other,powers to attend a congress, now refuse -to appear
at one ? It is that an anonymous pamphlet has been
published, which inculcates ideas such as Austria and,
Rome' do 'not - participdte in. And so these powers
halt in their settled plan of action, and refuse to do
that which was agreed upon so short a time since..
Surely this is' a proof of great indecision, and of a
most vacillating and undignified policy, exposing, as
it doeS; fear 'and a want of confidence in the, merits of,
the:questions they wished to advance for the
betraying of -the assembled representatives, and betraying a
consciousness of the worthlessness of their cause. But
the interests of a nation, of mankind at large; cannot be
jeopardised because the Pope and the bewildered chief of
an empire tottering on the borders of ruin refuses to ap-
pear at a congress. Italy must be free and independent.
Nationality must triumph. And it will be the gloriOns
riile of England and .France to bring about this happy
:and long-wished-for consummation. The allied powers
that checked the advance of mighty Russia in the
Crimea will, by recognising the independence of Central
Italy, force a result that is necessary for the peace of
Europe. The return of M. de Cavour to power is a
,proof that the interests of Italy are,to be cared for with
earnestness and quick decision, and thus, Congress or
no Congress, the question must soon be settled. Will
not Austria and Rome, in the•face of such a combination
of circumstances, agree to a Congress ? There are indi-
cations, as I am assured, that they will. Else .the settle-
ment must come without them ; and on them must fall
the shame and obloquy of having in vain attempted to ,
stop the march of civilisation and peace."

THE RIGHT HON. M. T. BAINES.—The funeral of
this gentleman will take place at Lancaster, on Tuesday
neat.—Leeds Mercury.

WRECK IN THE CHANNEL. SOUTHAMPTON, Tues-
day.—On Sunday morning last, the ship Constant,
from Dantzic, laden with, timber, ran ashore on the
westward part of the Ckannel Islands. The crew all
saved. The vessel will, in all probability, become a
total wreck,

STORM AT PORTSMOUTIL—A tremendous storm burst
over Portsmouth before daylight on. Tuesday morning,
with thunder, lightning, hail, and' rain. The flashes
were most vivid and incessant, and the hail has done
considerable damage. Wind S.W., afterwards flying
up to W. by N.
ANTI-CRAVAT LEAGUE.—The ladies of the French
Court'have revenged themselves on the gentlemen for
the crusade against crinoline, by waging war against
black cravats. A few days before the ball at the Tuileiies,
it was formally announced that no lady belonging to the
anti-cravat league would dance with any ..entleman unless
he wore a cravat of white muslin, "choker" fashion,
d CAng/aise. Accordingly, for the first time during the
reign of Napoleon 111., was the universal adoption of
the awe-inspiring British " choker," giving the as-
sembly of aristocratic high-born Frenchmen, with their
close cropped hair, the appearance of a band of elegantly
disguised members of the swell mob just escaped from
the treadmill. The Empress, who had headed the
movement, was the first to laugh down the stern.deoree,
and the first to declare that the present fashion 'of close
black skull-cap and long waxed moustache was utterly
incompatible with the English " choker," evidently
designed to accompany the long hair and overpowering
sithisker of the English dandy.—Court loNrnal.

THE CSE OF LOLA FERNANDEZ."

On Monday last, under the head of a 'serious misad-
venture, we'gave the particulars of an applieation made
at the :Idansion.house, London, on the Trevious Wed-
nesday, Isy a young woman calling herself Lola Fernandez.
Her applicatien was to procure a.passage to Hong Kong:
She statfiel.that Mr. Richards, comptroller of the trans-
port service, had recently granted her premissiOn to
occupy a berth in the Mauntius, the owners of which
were willing to take her.subject to payment for pros
visions mpon the arrival of the vessel at Hong. Kong,
where, she alleged, she had , relatives residing,
but that Snhseqiiently it was discovered that her berth
had been previously engaged by a medical gentle Man
and his' wife, and that as there was no other aecomo-
dation -orr board; she was compelled' to leave theltssel ;
tlaat-,anot4er transport, the Sir William
,Reel, was to
sail the next morning, the- owners of which were' willing
to take her to Hong Kong upon similar conditions ;
and that Mr. Richards was willing toq grant perinission
for her 'to occupy a berth in that: vessel, provided she
could: produce a -letter from any gentleman of-position
attesting . the truth. of her story. She added that she
had been_robbed of £32 a few days before) while going.
.to the 'railway:station, and she begged Sir R. Carden to
:give her a lettei to the compt-roller of the transport
service. Sir. :Robert: sent an officer to Mr. Richards,
accompanied by the young woman, and Mr. Richards
gave her a sovereign from his own pocket, admitted that
he hadgiven.her.permission to , occupy a berth in the
Mauritius, and ultimately gave the'necessary authorisa-
tion for her to sail in the Sir William Peel. Upon this
Sir Robert Carden, gaye-lier £2 from the poor-box, and
committed her to the,care of Minchull, a Mansion-house
officer,who accompanied her to places where she made
some purchases of things necessary for her voyage, and,
saw her start in the train for Oreenhithe, whence the Sir
William Peal was to sail on Thursday morning.
In consequence of the' publication of the esse in the
-newspapers, an 'officer belonging to the metropolitan
detective force was sent by Sir R. Mayne to the Mansion
House on Friday, to state Sir RiChard Mayne's, ims
"pression that this " Lola Fernandez" was an. impostor
Irish girl, whose proper name was Hughes,. who
had repeatedly obtained money under false, pretenses, and
`was suspected :Or robbery. There was; however,. no
proof of 'the actual identity of Lola Fernandez, the
Angle-Spaiaiard of Gibraltar, with Margaret IlaglieS, the
Irish girl Of Wancliester ; and, moreover, her age, which
could not have exceeded nineteen,_ seemed 'to preclude
the possibility of her being the heroine of the long
career of imposture now laid to her charge. It
was, however, resolVed to do what was possible to
arrive at the truth ; and Minchull was on Saturday
despatched' to Gieenhithe to ascertain whether Lola
had actually sailed in the Sir William Peel, and pick up
all the information he could as to her conduct. He
found that she bad sailed in the Sir William Peel, and
that she had obtained a' berth in-the Mauritius and lost
it,- exactly as she had stated 'to Sir R. Carden, but that
het luggage was comprised in one Small portmanteau
and -a bandoot, whieh the officer of the last vessel
thought exceedingly shOrt provision for a lone. voyagelike. that to Hong Kong. It thus appeared that'so' far
as her application at the Mansion House' is
concerned, her representation, as -far as could, be
tested, was strictly correct, since it is impossible
to prove .that she did • Aot lose X 3- while going
to, the railway station ; and some months 'must
elapse, before proof can be obtained 'as to the truth or
falsehood of her story-with regard to het having rela-
tives at Hong Kong. Moreover,., Sir R. "Carden exer-
cised a sound _discretion in ascertaining, from Mr.
Richards himself, thet ruth of her statement, that that
gentleman had previously granted heed' passage in the
Mauritius, and Sir Robert after obtaining that confirma-
tion of her statement, was perfectly justified in taking it
for granted that Mr.' Richards had not acted in the first
instance without due investigation into the character of
the applicant for his assistance.. Nor can-Sir Robert be
blamed' for giving her' £2 from the poor box, since
Mr. Richards gave her £1:; and it is said that Sir
Richard Mayne himself on one occasion actually afforded •
her pecuniary assistance—that is, if she be the Margaret
Hughes she is by some supposed to be ; and if she be-
not Margaret Hughes—One of the luckiest and most
ingenious of modern impostors—there is nothing to
show that she is not. Lola Fernandez, and a worthy
object of the sympathy which was extended to her alike
by the comptroller of the transport service and the
owners of, the Sir 'William. Peel. Whea she 'first
presented herself at the Mansion-house, she brought
a letter, of recommendation"-from a Roman- Catholic
priest in the borough; • and from her manner it
was impossible to• suppose, that her story was not
correct .;to, the letter; there 'being about it an air of
veri-similitude which was confirmed by a naive impetu-
osity and-an, impassioned eloquence, which only the
most consummate of actresses .could have adopted, or
the most. obdurate-hearted of .men . could _hr.ve resisted.
At present, _between the belief of the metropolitan detec-
tives and the ascertained truthfulness of the main portion
of her statement at the Mansion House, Lola Fernandez
remains, an enigma. But it is believed' that upon her
arrival at Hong Kong steps will be taken, by direction
of the Admiralty, to ascertain -her real character, and
decide whether she and Margaret Hughes are one and
the same individual or not.

BURGLARY AND INCENDIARISM NEAR

BOLTON.

Early on Monday morning, Darley House, the reSi-
dence of William Hargreaves, Esq., was broken into.by
thieves, and a large quantity of silver plate and other
articles were stolen. The family retired to bed about
their usual hour, when everything was safe. About
three o'clock one of the servants was awoke by, a
strong smell of smoke. She immediately got up,
and awoke a fellow-servant. In the kitchen they
found a large wardrobe, containing the family linen,
on: fire. The family were aroused, and by the .aid
of a few buckets of water, the fire was soon exten-
guished.. ;It was then. discovered that thieves had been
in the houSe, and that plate, With Other articles, amount-
ing to about £5O; had- been stolen. The burglars had
entered by knocking' a pane of glass out of the kitchen
window,' Which they then. unfastened, and went through.
The library, the breakfast, draWing, and- schoolrooms
had all been entered, and something taken frOm
each. From a box, containing *all Mrs. Hargreave's
keys, they had stolen £3, and thrown the box and
keys into the kitchen fire. A Valuable. silyer watch was
also taken. The plate consisted of spoons, knives,
forks, toa rack, &c. The silver -stoppers , from the
castors , were taken. Several drawers and boxes had
been ransacked ; and, it is supposed that the thieves
were busily examining the linen chest when the servants
were heard on the floor overhead, and. that, either inten-
tionally or
,in their hurry to get back through the
window, they threw the lighted candle into the drawers,
by.means of which the linen was set on fire, Sespicion
rests upon two individuals, whose movements will be
watched by the police, who are, making every exertion
to bring the parties to justice.

Letters from Madrid state that the public feeling on
the subject of the war with Morocco is undergoing a
reaction.

A PRUSSIAN FRIGATE AT SOUTHAMPTON.—SOUTH-
AMPTON, Monday.--This morning a salute of twenty-
one guns was fired from the platform, upon the arrival
in the docks of the Prussian man-of-war Areona, 2,000
tons, with Commodore Sundewell on board. The vessel
has come to .the docks here for repairs, and will be
shortly placed,in drydock for that purpose, after landing
everything, even to her guns. She.is one of a squadron
about to proceed to Japan. She has a crew of 200 men.
THE GULF STREAM.—IMPORTANCE 'OF THE PANAMA.
ISTHMUS —The Gulf Stream, where it quits the Gulf
of Florida, has a velocity of from three to five miles
per hour (varying with the season), a breadth of only
a few miles, and a temperature of 83 degrees. - Thence
it.follows the, coast of America to about the 36th deg. of
latitude, where it still possesses a temperature of 76 deg.
Fahr., and where it quits the coast about Cape Fear, and
encircling the Azores, spreads itself in wide diverging
streams over the basin of the Atlantic, between
the coasts of America and Spain, forming avast eddy,
overgrown with the " sargossa," or gulf-weed. The
main stream, however, continues to run north-westward,
directed full towards the British Islands, to about the
46th, parallel, in the 40th degree of west longitude,
where its force is much weakened by sub-division. The
surface water, however, -continues to flow onwards in
the same direction, and its presence on our western
shores is evidenced by the warm vapours the south-west
wind wafts from above it, and by tropical plants and
seeds thrown ashore on the west .coast of Ireland, on
the. Hebrides, and even on Norway. 'Were the Isthmus
of Panama broken through, there 'is no doubt that the
whole climate of our i4lauds would undergo a most
notable deterioration.—Enrifelgficedia . Be.dannien, 11 ezn
Edition.

TRADE AND NAVIGATION. OF THE
UNITED ..KINGDOM.;.

The well-kn Own large, square Blue-boolCis just out,
'containing the usual annual statement of thetrade and
navigation' of the United Kingdom.with foreign coun-
tries and British possessions in the year 1848,-presented
to both Houses of. Parliament .by command of her
Majesty. The following is a synopsis of these statistics,
compiled: from the abstract tables of the book:—The
grand total.value of the imports of goods and therehan-•
dise in 1858 (which, unless otherwise stated, is always
the year,referred to) was £164,583,832, and that of the
-.exports £139,782,779, making a gross total trade on
the part of the British empire of £304.366,611. The
trade of 1857 and 1856 was larger, in the -ratio of
£334,018,742 and £311,764,507. In "1855, the imports
and . exports 4 together,' stood at . the shim. total of
£260,334,150; and in 1854, at £268,210,148.
£125,970,332 worth of goods came from foreign
countries, and £38,613,500 from British' possessions
abroad. Of the £139,782,779 of exports, £116,608,756
represented the produce of the United Kingdom, and
£23,174,023 that of foreign and colonial countries re-
exported.
The imports are thus classified according to coun-
tries :-:From Russia, £11,000,000 to -£12,000,000-;;
from Prussia, £4,107,509 ' • from-the Hanseatic Cities,
£4,319,065; Holland, £6,265,257; Belgium, £3,060,585;
France, .113,271,890 ;, Portugal, £1,079,778; Spain,
£2,258,288; Cuba and. Porto Rico, £3,798,778; the'
Two Sicilies, £1,656,253; Turkey, Moldavia, and
Wallachia, about £4,000,000; Egypt, £6,026,191 ; the
United States arid California, £34,258,498'; Brazil,
£2,275,497 ; Buencs Ayres, £1,194,977 '; Chili,
£1,900,322; Peru, £4,822,253; China (Hong. Kong
inclusive),. £7,073,509; and Africa (West Coast),
£1,563,08.5.

•
From the colonies the 'irnports stand as.follows :
[ From'Canada, £2,663,034; New Brunswick, £1.102,111;
. the West 1ndie5,£4,890,488 ; British Guiana,Xl',4sl,34l ;
New South Wales; £1,930,147 ; • Victoria, £2,110,277 ;
the British "East Indies," or India pr0per,X14,989,039;
CeylOn, £1,679,852; Mauritius, £1,534,952 ; and the
Cape of Good Hope, £1,669,920. In every other-case
the iniports are under a million sterling. -
The exports from England to foreign parti may
thus be stated :—To .Russia, £2,724,609 ; to Prussia,
X 1,956,199; to Hanover, £1,640,189; to the Hanse
Towns, X 9,031,877; Holland, £5,473,312;, Belgium,
- £1,815,257; France, £4,863,131; Portugal, £1,432,238:
Spain, £2,071,219; Cuba, £1,797,219 ; ' Sardinia,"
. £1,174,580; the Two Skilles, £1,569;166;' the " Aus--
trian territories," £1,298,199 (our imports from Austria
are under a million); Turkey, £4,255,612 ; Egypt,
£1,985,829 ; the United States, £13,994,815 ;- and Cali-
fornia, £496,633; Brazil, £3,984,917 ; Buenos Ayres,
£1,008,819; Chili, £1,117,580; Peru, £1,163,155 ;
and to• China (exclusive of Hong Kong); £1,730,778..
To'Canada were exported £1,737,751.; to the West
Indies,: £792,323 ; New South. Wales, £2,919,544 ;
Victoria, £5,417,601 ; Hong Kong, £1,145,669 ; India,
£16,782,386; and the Cape of Good Hope, £1,602,612.
The imports above specified represent the computed,
and the exports the declared, real value of the goods.
The imported articles included 2,325,5391b.' of beads'
and bugles of glass, 1,156,476 cwt. of sulphur,
2,055,5961 b. of bristles, 10,338,4041 b, of cocoa and
60,697,2651b.* of coffee, about 10,000,000 quarters. of
wheat and other grain, nearly 4,000,000 cwt. of flour,
2,935,198 cwt. of raw cotton, 1,283,90.5 cwt. of
flax, 3,790,2621 b. of goats'- hair or wool, 1,638,360
cwt. •of hemp, 3,951,9101 b. of tanned, &c., hides, ,
.3,637,178 pairs of &D yes, . 775,113 pairs , of
boots, shoes, and goloshes ; 484 988 cwt. of
nitre, 778,230 cwt. of palm oil, 1,721,953 cwt. of. pota-
toes (an immense increase), 3;692,023 cwt. of rice (not
in husk), 8,15.5,256 lbs. of raw and Waste silk, 3,764,894
sheep and lambskins, 1,241,370 goatskins, 12,357,508
lbs. of pepper, 1,064,663 gallons of brandy, 130,173 gal-
lons only of Geneva or Hollands gin, 7,311,219 gallons
of rum, 9;010,796 cwt. of raw sugar, 75,432,535 lbs. of
tea, 59,643,780 lbs. of tobacco, and 2,573,925 lbs. of
cigars' and snuff, 5,791,636 gallons of wine, 22,673,046
hoops, and 126,738,723 lbs.- of sheep and lambs' wool
(including alpaca and llama wool) : 3,458 horses, 89,001
oxen, bulls, and cows, and 184,482 sheep, were added to
the live stock of the country. ,
• The mross amount of customs' duty received at all
ports of the kingdom was £24,155,852.
The exported produce of the United Kingdom in 1858
included 1,618,289 cwt. of soda, £1,559,895 Of apparel
and slops (old and new), 8,840,647 lb. of gunpowder,
3;068,5951b. of stearine candles, 1,116,313 cwt of cement,
6,292,190 tons of coal, 1,517,308,665, yards of white or
plain calicoes; and 785,666,473 yards of printed or dyed
calicoes (cotton goods), 7;277,370 yards of cambrics and
muslins (plain), and 3,952,534 yards of printed ditto,
7,335,580 yards of fustian, velvets, &c., 2,598,463 yards
of cotton and linen mixed, 498,135 dozen pairs of stock-
ings, 200,016,9021 b. of cotton twist and yarn, £3,462,832
of haberdashery and millinery, 663,400 cwt. of hardware
and cutlery, 121,215 dozen hats of all kinds, £187,270
of jewellery, 6,364,8581 b. of wrought leather (exclusive
of, saddlery and harness), 32,047,4921 b. • linen yarn,
110,986,886 yards of plain linen goods,. 5,008,075
yards of printed ditto, and 1,711,437 yards of cambric
'and lawn, 3,629,339 yards sailcloth, 3,176,1341 b. of
linen thread for sewing, and 4,517,730 lb. of cotton
thread for same purpose, £1,097,278 of steam-engines,
£2,502,074 ,of other,•machinery, 6,51-5,333 gallons of
linseed oil, 592,719 tons of salt, 490,078 lb. of silk
stuffs and ribands, and about .£700,000 of fringes
and mixed silks," 1,325,311 gallons of British spirits,
£1,351,151 of tin plates, 13,455,984 lb. of sheep's wool,
76,584,532 yards of mixed woollen stuffs, carpets,
blankets, &c., 56.5,709 pieces of woollen cloths of all
kinds, and 2,349,908 picces of worsted stuffs. -
The total value of thlgold imported was £22,793,126,
and that of the silver, £6,700,064 ; the quantity of the
former (coin and bullion) was 5,941,169 oz., and that of
the latter, 2-5,296,489 oz. ; 3,285,012 oz. gold (value
£12,567,010) were exported. The export of silver was
26,564,428 oz., value £7,061,836.
37,751 registered vessels, of 5,609,623 tons, and em-
ploying 288,345 seamen, belonged to the United King-
dom and the Channel lilands and British possessions in
1858. Of these; 35,512 were sailinc, ships, and 2,239
steamers. In -England some 168,603' seamen are em-
ployed as crews ; Scotland, 32,862 ; and in Ireland,
14,289—making a total for the United Kingdom of
215,754 seamen.
51,970 British vessels, of 12,891,40.5 tons, and 45,573
foreigners, of 9,418,576 tons, entered and cleared from
and to foreign countries and British possessions in the
year 1858.

TnE DioctsE OF DunHANt.---A deputation from the
diocese of Durham,. advocating the local claims of the
diocese on the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commission-
ers, has been arranged to wait, on Lord Palmerston, at
his house in Piccadilly, on the 2nd of February, at two
o'clock.

THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEERS.—To the Scottish volun-
teers belongs the credit of ,having carried out the prin-
ciple—if they did not originate the practice—of national
corps. They were the first to start the idea of enrolling
their brother Scots of the metropolis in a corps that
should be in all things their country's representatives.
With that zeal and patriotic ardour—ever the distin-
guishing attributes of Scotsmen—they met, moved, and
formed themselves into a' corps of rifle volunteers.
Ever since, these gallant Scots have spent their alter-
nate evening in drill, drill, drill, with an attention and
"quickness of apprehension peculiar to them, and strik-
ingly characteristic of their martial spirit. We were
not surprised at the result, now steadily and rapidly
working to so satisfactory an issue ; we expected not
less from the descendants of men who

In every clime, in every age.
By saint, by savage, and by sage,

have made themselves renowned. These national traits
bicifair to earn the Scottish volunteers a name of high
repute. At present fortune has combined with many
- circumstances to favour their endeavours ; perhaps, how-
ever, it is not fortune so much as their own sagacity
and merit ; still we- cannot but believe that something
more than accident, even though in the guise of
patronage, concurred in giving the gallant Scots a
commander in Lord Elcho. Conspicuous among the
advocates of the national movement, his lordship has,
from. the beginning, identified himself with all its efforts,
all its interests, all its fortunes ; constant, zealous, and
indefatigable, he has laboured—it is not saying too much
—morning, noon, and night in the great cause. There
is not a question that he has not helped to solve and
mature for the public benefit ; and, when we consider
that all this arduous toil is devoted to a thankless
master—the public—it must, at least, be allowed that
the heart which conceives' the head which develops,
and the hand which •executes these labours of love, are
centred in one whose energy andtalent fit him eminently
for the high position he has assumed, and has richly de-
served what he doubtless will receive—the hearty-thanks
of the British public,— Voltenteei' .Bervice Gazette,

Thursday,. January 26, 1860.

BROCCOIAnS AIWICE TO MACALLAS-

.._

The following is a copy of a well-known, letter 01
Lord Brougham, first printed by, -Professor Selwyn
TO WHY
- MACALLLA-Y,E54. -
"Newcastle, March, 10, 1823.
"My Dear Fritnd,,--My principal object in writing
to you to-day is to offer you some suggestions, in conse-
quence of some conversation I have just had with Lord
Grey, who 'has -spoken- of your son (at Cambridge) in
terms of the greatest praise. He takes his account from'
'his son ; but from all I know, and have learnt in other
quarters; I doubt not that his judgment is. well formed.
Now you of course destine him for the bar, and assuming
that this, and the public objects incidental to it, are in
his•views; would fain impress upon yon (and through
you, upon him).:a truth or ,two which experience has
made me aware of, and which I would have giyen
great deal to have been acquainted with earlier in life
from the experience of others.
"First—That the foundation of all excellence is to be'
laid in early application -to general knowledge is clear;.
that he is already aware of; and equally so it is (of
which he may not be so well aware) that professional.
'eminence can only be attained_by entering ..betimes into.
the) lowest drudgery, the 'most repulsive labdur-of the'
profession ; even a year, in an attorneys office, as the'
law is now practised, I should not hold too severe a task,
or too. high a price to pay, for the benefit it must surely
lead. to ; but at all events the life of a special pleader, I
am quite convinced, is the thing before being called to
the bar. A young man whose mind has once been well
imbued with general learning, and has acquired classical
propensities, will, never sink into a mere drudge. He.
will. always save himielf harmless from the dull atmo-
sphere he must live and work in ; and the soonerhe will
emerge from it, and arrive at eminence. But what I
wish to-inculcate especially, with a view to the great
talents for ,public speaking which your son happily
posseises, is that he should cultivate that talent in
the only way, in which it ca,n reach . the .height of the-
art; and *I
wish to-turn his attention-to two points. I
speak upon this subject with the authority both of ex-
perience and observation; I have made it very much
my study in theory; have written a great deal upon it.
which may neve', see the light; and something which
has been published ; have meditated much, and con-
versed much on it with famous men; have had some
_little practical experience in it, but have prepared for
much-more than I ever tried, by a variety of laborfous•
methods ; reading, writing, much translation, composing
in foreign languages, &c.-, and I have lived in times
when there were great orators among us; therefore I
reckon my opinion worth liStening to, and the rather,
becatise I have the utmost confidence in it mySelf, and-
should have saved a world of trouble, and_ much time
I started with a conviction of its truth. "

" 1. The first point is this: the beginning of the art is
to acquire a habit of easy speding ; and biliyhatever
way this can be had (which individual inclination or
accident will generally direct, and may safely be allowed
to do so) it must be had Now, I differ from all,other
doctors of rhetoric in.this ; I say let him first of all learn
to speak easily and fluently, as well and as sensibly a 5
he ban ne doubt, but at any rate let him learn to speak-
. This •is to 'eloquence, or good public- speaking;, what
the being, able to talk in a child is to correct gram-
matical speech. It is the requisite foundation, and
on it you must build. MoreoYer, it -can only be
acquired young ; therefore- let-it by all means, and at
any sacrifice, be gotten .hold .of forthwith. But
in ac.quiring it every sort of slovenly error* will also be
acquired. It must 'be got by a liabit of easy writing
(which as Wyndham _said_ proved hard reading) ; by
.a
custom, of talking much. in .company ; by debating In
speaking societies, with little attention to rule, and mere
love of "saying 'something at any rate, than of saying
any thing well. I can even suppose that morn attention
is paid to the matter in such discussion than to the
manner of saying it; yet dill to say it easily, ad libitton,
to be,able to say what you choose, and what you have
to say—this is the first requisite ; to acquire which
everythini, else must for the presenfbe sacrificed.
"2. The next step is the grand one ; to convert this
style of easy speaking into chaste eloquence. And here
there is but one rule. Ido earnestly. entreat your. son
to set daily and nightly before him the Greek models.
First of all he may look to the .best modern speeches (as
he probably has already) ; Burke's best compositions,
as the Thoughts on the Cause of the present Discontents;
Speech on the American Conciliation, and On the Nabob of
Arcoe s Debt.; Fox's Speech on the Westminster &rutin!'
(the first part of which he should pore over till he has
it by heart) ; On the Russian Armament, and On the
War, 1803 ; with one or two of Wyndham's best, and
very few, or rather none, of Sheridan's ; but he must
by no means stop here, if he would be a great orator,
he must go at once to the fountain-head, and be familiar
with every one of the great orations of Demosthenes,
I take it for granted that -he knows those of Cicero by
heart ; they are very beautiful, but .not very useful except
perhaps the pro' Ligario' and one or two more ;
but the Greek must positively be the model; and
merely reading it, as boys do, to know the language,
won't do at all ; he must enter into the spirit of each
speech, thoroughly know the positions of the parties,
follow each turn of the argument, and make the absc
lately perfect, and most chaste and severe composition
familiar to his mind. His taste will improve every time
he reads and repeats to himself (for he should have the
fine passages by heart) ; and he will learn how much
may be done by a skilful use of a few words, and a rigo-
rous rejection of superfluities. In this view I hold
a familiar knowledge of. Dante to be next to Demosthenc,
It is in vain to say that imitations of these models won't
do for our times. First, Ido not counsel any imitatiorr
but only an imbibing of the same spirit. Secondly, I
know from experience that nothing is half to successful
in these times (bad though they be) as what has been
formed on the Greek models. I use a very poor instance
in giving- my 'own experience ; but '-do 'assure you
that both in courts of law and Parliament, and even
to mobs, I have never made so much play (to uses
very modern phrase) as when I was almost trans"
lating from n the Greek. I composed the perorati°ll
of my speech for the Queen, in the Lords, after
reading and repeating Demosthenes for three or four
weeks, and I composed it twenty times over at least,
and it certainly succeeded in a very extraordinary degree,
and far above any merits of its own. This leads me to
remark that though speaking, with writing beforehand'
is very well until the habit of easy speech is acquire°,
yet after that he can never write too much ;-this is quite
clear. It is laborious, no doubt; and it is more difficult
beyond comparison than speaking offhand; but it is
necessary to perfect oratory, and at any rate it is ncce
sary to acquire the habit of correct diction. But I
further, and say, even to the end of a man's life he must
prepare word for word most of his finer passages. No",
would he be a great orator or no? In other word'',
would he have almost absolute power of doing good '0
mankind, in a free country, or no ? So he wills thi,
he must follow these rules. Believe me truly yours,
" H. BROUGHAM."

ASSAULT UPON A SERVANT.—On Tuesday, at the
Salford Court of Record, an action was brought by
Mary. Ann Foster, a domestic servant, against her
former employers, Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, of the
Oxford Road. Inn, Manchester. The defendant occupies
a cottage at Didsbury, for the convenience of bis
children, and the plaintiff• was engaged as housekeeper
and general superintendent of the cottage and the
children. She had been, according to her own account,.
engaged in her duties from the 21st of July to
October last, without any fault having been found, or
without any disagreement having taken place. On
the 13th of October, Mr. and Mrs. Thompson calve
to the cottage, and complained of a colt havil g
been missed from the field, and a donkey having been
" clemmed." Some words ensued, and Mrs. Thompson'
struck the plaintiff violently several times, and shook hi r
pattens off her feet, calling her at the same time a "crazy
old fool." Mr. Thompson also gave her a blow on the
head with his fist, and kicked her on the small of the back
so as to injure her spine. She was proved to have called
out " Murder ;" she was seen by a neighbour bleeding
from the mouth and nose ; and a surgeon gave evidence
that the injury to the spine was such as to disable her
from work for some time, if not permanently. All the
witnesses called for the plaintiff, including a police-
man stationed at Didsbury, spoke of the plaintiff is'
sober and cleanly.—For the defence it was stated that
she was in the habit of getting continually drunk ; that•
an 18-gallon barrel of strong ale had only lasted three
weeks for the service of the house, in which the only
inmates were plaintiff and two children; that the beds.
in the cottage had not been made for a week ; that the
plaintiff was otherwise uncleanly and neglectful ; and'
that the injuries she complained of were the consequences
of a fall down stairs while intoxicated. The defendant
had given her notice to quit, and not finding her ready
to leave on the 13th • October, the day when her term
expired, he ordered her off the premises, and in conse-
quence of her being abusive and violent, he used suffi-
cient force to eject her,—The jury returned a verdict for
the plaintiff; damages £25,

Itnifth statts.

BRITISH AND NORTH AMERICAN ROYAL MAIL

STEAMERS.
riirNOTICE.

The Steamers for Halifax and Boston are intended to call at
Cork Harbour, on both Outward and Homeward passages, to
receive and land Mails.
Freight by the Mail Steamers to Halifax and Boston and to New
York direct, £3 per ton and 5 per cent.' primage.
Freight on Parcels ss. each and upwards, according to size.
'Parcels for different Consignees, collected and made up in single
Packages, addressed to one party for delivery in America, for
the purpose of evading the payment of freight, will, upon ex-
araination in America by the Customs, be charged with the
Proper freight.

`The BRITISH AND NORTH AMERICAN ROYAL MAIL
STEAM-PACKET COM r ANY draw the attention of Shippers
.and Passengers to the 329th section of the New Merchant
Shipping Act, which is as. follows :
"No person shall be entitled to carry in any ship, or to
require—the master or owner of any ship to carry therein,
A9t_iafortis, Oil of Vitrol, Gunpowder, or any other Goods
in the judgment of such master or owner, are of a dan-
gerous ha' hire ; and itany person carries Or sends liy.sny ship
any goods of a dangerous nature, without distinctly marking
their nature on the outside of the packsge containing the same,
or otherwise giving notice in writing to the master or owner,
at or before the time of carrying or sending the same to be
shipped, he shall for every such offence incur a penalty not.
efeeding £lOO ; and the master or owner of any ship may
se to take on board any parcel that he suspects to contain
6u°(lB of a dangerous nature, and may require them to be
'4)Peried to ascertain the fact."
• RITISII AND NORTH AMERICAN ROYAL MAIL STEAM

---
SHIPS.
APPOINTED BY THE ADMIRALTY
•
05,,A4 , =\.
To sail between
• ti,V LIVERPOOL AND NEW YORK DIRECT
And between
LIVERPOOL AND BOSTON,
'The Boston Ships only CALLING at HALIFAX, to land and
receive, Passengers and her Majesty'S Mails.

SCOTIA (new _
Captain Captain
I I,ER SIA ...... C. H. E. Jud ins. AFRICA Neil Shannon
AR
—AMA James Stone. AMERICA W. F. Millar
...
..... Edwd. G. Lott. NIAGARA Alex. rtyrie _
‘ANADA.. .... W. J. C. Lang. I EUROPA JohriLeitch.
CAMBRIA Captain Small.
The under-noted or other Vessels are appointed to Sail
From LIVERPOOL. - -

;hip, building).

- ---
MO
CANADA-, For Halifax and Boston... Saturday Jan. 28
,ARABIA For New York Saturday Feb. 4
jECTELOPA ......For Halifax and Boston... Saturday ' Feb. 11
. AFRICA .....For New York Saturday Feb. 18
- AMERICA For Halifax and Boston. Saturday Feb. 25
"I'
'raking Passngers ad goods for Nassau and Havannah, to
be transferred atn New York on board the R.M. S.S.
KARNAK.

From AMERICA. 1860.
'CANADA. • From Boston Wednesday...Jan. 11
ARABIA From New York Wednesday... Jan. 18
'EUROPA From Boston Wednesday... Jan. 25
AFRICA From New York Wednesday...leb 1
AMERICA From Boston Wednesday...Feb. 8
.4.SIA Flom New York ' Wednesday... Feb. 15
The Passengers and Goods for New York are intended to be
landed at Jersey City, within the jurisdiction of the Custom-
bous-2 of New York.

PASS tGE MONEY FROM LIVERPOOL TO HALIFAX. AND BOSTON.

Chef Cabin
Second Cabin.

.Twenty-two Pounds.
.Sixteen Pound.s.

TO NEW YORK nIRECT.
Chief Cabin. Twenty-six Pounds.
Second Cabin Eighteen Pounds.

'hese rates include Steward's Fee and Provisions, but without
Wines or Liquors, whieh can obtain ?d on board.
These Steam-ships have accommodation for a limited number
c'')f Second:Cabin Passengers.
asseng,ers re allowed twenty cubic feet of personal luggage
of freight; but the agents do not guarantee to reserve room
:Z2rtnore than that quantity, and they will be charged freight on
heir 'Oeisonal luggage when it exc,ecis half a ton measurement.
Td preVent disappointment or difficulty, passeng,ers are
41)ectfully informed that packagßs. of merchandise will not be
allowed to be shipped as'lnggage, or with their luggage.
•:th'„assengers are not permitted to go on board by the steamer
"' takes the mail.
Parcels will be received at the Office of the Agents here until
Lt 'clock on the Friday evenings previous to sailing.
„fir_ tters for consignees orothere must pass through the Post-
r• None will be received at the Office of the Agents.
X. eiVIY, in Halifax, to Sir Samuel Cunard, Bart. ; in Boston, to
to b G. Bates ; in New York, to Ed. Cunard ; in Havre,
12, l','"lia-Currie, 21, Quai d' Orleans ; Paris, to Donald Currie,
liz,,ltlace de la Bourse; in London, to J. B. Foord, 52, Old
-street ; in Glasgow, to G. and J. Burns ; in Queenstown,
and C. Mac Iver ; and in Liverpool to
D. and C: MAC IVER, 8, Vater-street.
'ace
Xt CANADA will start for Halifax and Boston on Saturday
1.,e4 , 28th instant. The steam-tender. SATELLITE will
ghat dle Landing,-stage, opposite the Baths, George's Pier,
the at AY' o'clock Morning, with the Passengers to
`'.

NOTICE TO SHIPPERS.
-Lon AND NORTH AMERICAN ROYAL MAIL
STEAM PACKET COMPANY.
"tn.. • SCREW STEAMERS
.
BETWEEN
..kb\'-• LIVERPOOL AND NEW YORK.
",RALASIAN Captain Hockly.
th N A Captain. Anderson.
JURA T
Captain Moodie.
b, PALESTINE Captain Dubbing.
''ECLA (now building) Captain Mai tynd
LIVERPOOL TO NEW YORK DIRECT.
ETNA Saturday January 28
I,l'o be followed by the JURA and AUSTR.ALASIAN.
Air I,,•reight, f.,3 perand 5 per cent. primage, payable here ;
44,,--`,Arnerica at $4 80c. to the pound sterling. Coarse goods
~.uead weight by agreement.
farto will be received at the loading berth, west side
A`,,e lluskiFson Dock.
in Halifax to Sir S. Cunard, Bart. ; in Boston to E.
and I. G. Bates; in New York, to Edward Cunard;
in
-avre, to Donald Currie, 21, Quai d'Orleans ; in Paris. to
Follald Currie, 12, Place de la Bourse ; in London, to J. B.
cord, 52, Old Broad-street ; in Glasgow, to G. and J. Burns,
t
Buchanan-street ; Queenstown, to D. and C. Mac Iver ;
in Liverpool, to

D. & C. MAC IVER, 8, Water-street.

£raxt

STEAM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN LIVERPOOL
AND HAYRE.
Loading Berth, West Side Huskisson Dock.
Ziff CAMBRIA Capt. M'Arthur.
BALBEC Captain Little.
BRITISH QUEEN Captain Harrison.
01. STROMBOLI Captain Cook.
vrit%otller irst-class steamers, are intended to sail (with or
l" Pilots) WEEKLY, to HAVRE, direct, as follows:
'BR
ITlgg QUEEN Monday... January 30... at 2 p.m.
or
(PO Particulars
riea,Currie, apply in Havre to Donald 2l, Quai
()Ur,. in Parts, to Donald Currie, 12, Place de la
Ql in to J. B. Foord, 52, Old Broad-street; in
fir, to 7„' and J. Burns, 9, Buchanan-street ;in Manches-
-°•• walker, 47.1., Market-street ; or here, to
Sid BURNS and MACIVER, 1, Rumford-street.
t~ Pack of cart_iPPers are required to send a shipping note with each
g°°. ds, and must describe on it the contents of

Thursday, January 26, 1860.