Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-11-21 00:00:00

NORTHERN DAILY TIME&

LATEST FROM AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE PERSIA.

The British and North American Royal
Mail Steam-ship Persia, Captain Judkins, which
left New York on the 9th instant, arrived in
the Mersey on Saturday morning, at half-past
eight o'clock. She brings 94 passengers, and
250,000 dollars in specie. The Persia during the
passage encountered severe gales • yet, indepen-
dently of these, she accomplished the voyage within
ten 'nays, thus maintaining her well-known repu-
tation as a first-class steamer.

The steamer North American hence, arrived at
Quebec on the 6th instant, and the Vanderbilt
reached New York on the 7th instant.

The Persia left New York at 3 25 p.m. on the
9th. Her passage was therefore, nine days eleven
hours fifty minutes. To noon on the 10th the
Persia had run 213 miles; 11th, 282 ; 12th, 311 ;
13th, 03 ; 14th, 311; 15th, 330; 16th, 334 ; 17th,
343; 18th, 340 miles.
It is ascertained that the Government of Vir-
ginia has no power to pardon a man convicted of
treason, without the consent of the Legislature of
the State. This, it is supposed, seals the fate of
Brown, the leader of the Harper's Ferry out
break.

There is nothing important to report. The
elections in New York, New Jersey, &c., were
still going on when our -advices left, and some
extraordinary scenes had taken place at the poll-
ing-places. The gatherings at the political head-
quarters on the night of the Bth were rather
threatening, and General Sandford, in compliance
with the request of the Police Commissioners,
ordered several regiments to be in readiness to
obey their calls.
With regard to the Presidential campaign the New
York Herald of the 9th says :--" Yesterday our State
Elections, North and South, for the present year, were
concluded, and to-day we are upon the threshold of the
Presidential campaign. How stands the order of the
battle? Looking over the instructive schedule of these
elections of the present year, we find the all-powerful
Northern section of the Union in the almost unbroken
occupation of the anti-slavery republican party, and the
indispensable.§outhern section in the almost absolute
possession of the pro-slavery democracy. Between
these two overshadowing sectional parties, the conser-
vative elements of the North and South have struggled
in vain, and thus the controlling paity managers of the
two sections stand as fiercely opposed to each other
as the belligerent houses of York and Lancaster.
No friend of the Union—no believer in the principles
of popular government—no advocate of peace and har-
mony—no man interested in the prosperity of the. State,
county, city, or town in which he may have established
his home, can contemplate this fearful state of things
with indifference. Nor is there an individual within
the boundaries of the United States, however secluded
his place of habitation, or however obscure his position,
whose immediate interests, for good or evil, may not be
affected by the issues of this impending sectional
struggle. For good, or for evil we are entering upon
the. most momentous political conflict in the history of
the Union ; nor can we imagine how this conflict,
limited to the anti-slavery crusaders of the North and
the pro-slavery chivalry of the "South, can end in any-
thing but the revolutionary experiment of disunion and
a Southern confederacy."
homicide of a serious nature had taken place on
board the United States steamer Brooklyn. Intelligence
reached Staten Island at a late hour on Monday evening,
the 7th inst., that a seaman had been murdered on board
the United States steamer Brooklyn, then lying at anchor
at Quarantine, and which vessel left the Brooklyn Navy
Yard on that afternoon, having on board the Minister to
Me, ico, Mr. McLane. The Coroner, Mr. Robert
lleslewood, immediately proceeded to the ship, taking
with him 4 number of gentlemen, residents of
the island, and having selected and sworn in
a jury from amongst them, began to take evidence.
The deceased, whose name was George Ritter, was a
seaman belonging to the ship, who had been obviously
much intoxicated when he went on board,. and, being
voilr ttrooy, ha woo ardorod to bo put 121 irono, and
imprisoned. In taking him to prison, he was dragged
down the ladder by the chains which were fastened
round his ancles, and his head struck against each
succeeding step of ladder in his descent. In addition
to this cruelty, a round stick or "gag"' was placed ih
his mouth, and tied at the back of his neck with a rope";
the consequence of all which was that Ritter died in
about half an hour. These cruelties had been practised
by a man named Charles Cooper, and one of the
witnesses who saw the cruelties was, with the connivance
of the captain, allowed to ge on shore, and so, for the time
being at all events, the ends of-justice were so far frustrated.
The conduct on the part of the captain aroused the
indignation* of the coroner's jury, who passed the' fol-
lowing resolution appended to their verdict That
the captain of the United States steamer Brooklyn, in
refusing to send ashore witnesses in the case of an alleged
murder on board of his -ship, on the subpcena of the
Coroner and the executive officer of the ship, at half-past
3 o'clock on the morning of the Bth November, in for-
feiting his word of honour as a gentlemen and an
American officer, and the officer who came ashore in
what he called the captain's gig, on the morning of the
same day, for doing the same thing, are entitled not
only to the censure, but the' contempt of all American
citizens." The deceased was a harmless inoffensive
man, and was generally liked by his shipmates. Both
he and the prisoner had been attached to the ship for
some time. Cooper has been placed in the custody of
the United States Marshal.

The Methodists had a great missionary meeting in I
New York on Monday evening, when it was stated that
the appropriations made by the Methodist Episcopal
Church for India, last year, were $1.6,000, and that for
the year 1860,124,000 had been appropriated; that six
additional missionaries had been recently sent out ; thut
six others would probably be sent daring the year 1860,
and that there was a strong probability that in 1861
there would be a regular annual conference in the
north-west of the vast domains of India.
An inquest was held in the New York Hospital, on
the Bth instant, upon the body of John Ward, a native
of Ireland, aged 32 years, who died from an injury
sustained in the right hand.
The only news of importance from Havan,to report
is that the Spanish Government has annulled the order
issued in August last, so far as regards the United States
mail steamers, requiring consular certificates to accom-
pany.manifests of cargo for ports in Cuba. It, however,
remains in force against all other steamers and sailing
vessels.

COMMERCIAL.
Nnw YORK, Nov. 8, 6 P.M,
Asnns.—The market was quiet, with small sales of
pots and pearls, at 51e. for both sorts.
BREADSTUFFS.-Flour • The market was firmer for
State and Western, with a good demand from the trade.
The sales embraced about 20,000 brls., closing within
the following range of quotations :
Sound superfine State
Extra State ..... 04 72 to 44
9805
Superfine Nffesief:n. .
Common to choice Westeni
. 4 85 ... 4 95
Extra Genesse . . ......... •
Mixed to straight Southern ... •......
5 4050 4070
Straight to good extra ditto ......
Choice extra family and bakers' 7•
005 7 23„„
Rye flour. .................................................. 00 •.• • :c.
Cornmeal. ................................................ 4 3
The sales embraced about 300 brls., at 55 35e. to $6
Southern flour was also in good demand, with sales of
about 1,200 brls., closing within the above range of
prices. Corn meal was quiet and prices were unchanged.
The reported loss by fire of 120,000 bushels of wheat
tended to strengthen the market, while there was a
good demand for milling. The sales embraced about
45,000 bushels at $1 50c. for white Kentucky, $1 38c.
to $1 424 c. for white Canada, $1 40e. for white Indiana,
sl:l4c. for Milwaukee Club, and $1 104 d. to $ll for
Chicago spring. Corn is inactive at old figures. -
COTTON.—The sales embraced 1,500 bales-250 in
transit, closing on the basis of about the following
quotations

NEW TOILE CLASSIFICATION.
8 Upland.
2 Florida. Mobile. N. 0.4. Texas.
Ordinary
Middling ; 11 111 lli 11,
Middling fair 12 12 12i 13
Fair 1 12 13 131
"Wright's circular says the rest is confirmed, and it
may be safely assumed that the cotton plant was killed
in the last. three days of October. Nevertheless, the
estimate continues at four million bales. Receipts of
the week, 138,000. •
(From Neill Brothers 4. Co.'s Cotton Report)
NEW YORX, Wednesday Morning, Nov. 9th.
Nr.w YOR.s. MAia.T.—An active business has been

done during the week, and with favourable accounts from
Liverpool prices have advanced slightly. The increased
activity has been chiefly in transitu cottons from the
Gulf ports for early arrival at Liverpool, generally on
the basis of 111 e. to 111 c. for Middling, with 9-16 d.
freight. The week's sales reach 15,000 bales, of which
7,000 on the spot at 114 e. for Middling Uplands.
SOUTHERN MARKETS BY TELEGRAPH.-The killing
frost advised in our last circular failed to produced any
important effect in the Southern markets, it being
generally conceded that the crop was too far advanced to
be injured by it ; while some say that its effects will be
rather favourable, by opening some of the younger bolls,
which would not otherwise have ripened. At the same
time the receipts continued on a- scale confirmatory of
very large crop views. The America's news of. id.
advance in Liverpool, however, again stiffened prices,
and caused more activity; and the North American's
accounts to 26th have also a hardening tendency. .
RECUIPTS.-The receipts are again in excess of the
heavy deliveries of last year at same time, viz., 136,000
bales for the week against 124,000; and thus the excess
is raised to 101,000 bales. Next week will compare
against still larger figures last year, but, judging by our
telegrams, will not suffer by the comparison, the receipts
at New Orleans and Mobile being 98,000 bales against
87,000 last year. The facilities for marketing the crop
are at present very imperfect, owing to the low state of
the rivers. Of 400,000 bales so far received at New
Orleans, only 33,000 bales are from the tributary rivers,
and only 22,000 by the railway, the traffic having been
interfered with, for some time, by the breaking down of
a bridge. The bulk of the receipts, therefore, viz.,
338,000 bales, are from the Mississippi river, against
252,000 last year, and 165,000 the year before.
EXPORTS. - The exports are again free this week,
reaching 63,000 bales to all ports. Of this, Great
Britain gets 49,000 bales, against 30,000 in same week
last year, making a total since Ist September of 228,000
bales, against 133,000 last year, and 104,000 the year
before. The excess will be further increased next week,
as, by telegraph, we learn that from New. Orleans and
Mobile alone, 42,000 bales have cleared against 26,000
same week last year. France this week only gets 9,000
bales, against 20,000 same ,week last year, making her
total,
for so far, 59,000 against 74,000 bales. There are
now loading for 'Great Britain at the cotton ports the
large number of 90 vessels, against 57 last year; for
France, 20, against 33 ; and for other foreign ports, 10,
against 24. It is apparent that England is now getting
much more than her usual proportion of the crop.
PROVISIONS.-Pork was heavy, while receipts were
free.- The sales embraced about 1,100 brls., including
mess at $l5 12-I,e. to $l5 25c., thin mess at $l5 15c.,
clear at $l7 121 e., and prime at $lO 50c. to $lO 65c.;
100 brls.-mess-were sold, deliverable within the present
year, at $l5 05c., seller's option, and 500 do.' deliver-
able in January, at $15.05c. Beef was without altera-
tion in quotations, while the sales embraced 200 to 300
brls. at $4 to $4 25c. for old and new country prime, $9
to $9 75c. for new repacked mess, and 11c. for extra.
Bacon was in fair demand, with sales of 150 boxes
Cumberland cut, deliverable all the year, at 81c., and
250 boxes short ribbed, at city, all this year, at 81c.
Lard was firm, with sales of 600 brls. at 101 c. to 10-Ic.
Sales of 50 brls. Chicago beef hams were reported at
$l4 50c. Butter was less buoyant and active ; choice
was steady, and in good, demand.
Ri6a was qniet at 31e. to 47-e.
TOBACCO.-Business quiet. The sales embraced
111 bales Yara at p.t., 19 bales Havana at 60c. to 80c.,
28 cases seadleaf at 7c. to 16c., 65 hhds Kentucky at
7:10. to 91c.
1rt0..4.-The market was steady, with sales of 150
tons Scotch pig at $24 50c., and $25 six months.
NAVAL STORES.-The market for all kinds was quiet.
A small lot of 86 brls. spirits turpentine were sold at
46C. to 46jc.
MOLASSES.-The market was steady, but sales were
limited, at 24c. to 28c. for Cuba muscovadoes.
SUGARS were firm, with sales of 1,200 khds., and
9 000 bags Manilla on private terms. COFFEE was firm,
with sales of 500 to 600 bags Rio, included in which
were 130 bags choice quality, at 13c. •, the whole range of
sales was at 1 le. to 13c. ; and 200 Maracaibo were sold
at 12le.
Freights were steady. Amon!4 the engagements were
some 30,000 bushels wheat to Liverpool, in ship's bags,
at 6d., and flour at 2s. ; to London, flour at 2s. 10d• •
•
and to Glasgow, 2s. 6d.
CHARLESTON, Nov. 7, 1859.--Cotton firmer : sales
to-clay. 1.990 bales.
' SAVANNAH, Nov. 7, 1859.-Cotton advancing : sales
to-day, 2,500 bales; middling, 11c. to 11-1-e.
NEW ORLEAN?, Nov. 8, 1859.-Cotton : sales to-day
12,500 bales; prices stiffer, but quotations unchanged :
101 e. to 11c, for middling. The North -American's
news caused greater firmness. Sales of three days, 33,500
bales, against 37,000 bales' for the same time last year.
Exports, 33,000 bales. Receipts ahead of last year,
100,000 bales. Sugar dull, and declined '-'e. sales at
6ile. to 61e. Fleur buoyant,- and declined 10c. Freights
of cotton to Liverpool, 9-16 d.

LIST OF PASSENGERS.
Miss A. Grugcnham, Miss Senale, Mrs. Evershad, Mr. and
Mrs. A. Ilurleman, Mr. John Sykes, jun., Mr. Benj. Sykes,
Mr. and Mrs. Geo. B. Ironside, Mr. and Mrs. Jas. Coats, in-
fant and nurse, Mr. R. J. Rodgers, Mr. John M'Gregor, Mr.
R. Carasa, Mr. Robert Slimon, Mr. W. F. Platt, Mr. W.
Evans, Mr. John Beckett, Miss Lowden, Mr. David Kahn-
welter Mr. L. Bambergen, Mr. Prensel, Mr. Jung, Mr. Thos.
Brittan, Mr. Jos. Ayers, Mr. James Dater, Mr. F. W. Saggett,
Mr. T. M. Rooker Mr. T. M. Crowell, Mr. A. Gilliott, Mr. and
Mrs.. Chos, Mr. and Mrs. Alex. Gillespie, Mr. and Mrs. Fred:
Cunningham, three children and nurse, Mr. Jos. Stitt, Mr. J.
Jeklehemier, Mr. John Smith, Mr. Edward Cross, Lieut. C.
Huse, U.S.A., Mr. S. W. Burton, Mr. Jules Raass, Lieut. J.
W. Todd, U.S.A., Mr. A. S. H. Peterson, Mr. Richard Mont-
gomery and son, Mr. W. T. Whittlemore, Mr. M. Joseph, Mr.
W. Nixon, jun., Mr. C. W. Richards, Mr. R. Spalding, Capt.
Edward C. Nickles, Hon. Chas. Gibbon, Mr. W. G. Moorhead,
General Duran°, Mrs. Ramsey and four children, Mrs. Hamilton
and child, Mr. F. P. Allot, Mr. Thos. Davies, Mr. Patrick
Ward, Capt. W. p. Peters, Mr. Jos. Williams, Miss M. Wise,
Miss Moffitt, Mr. 0. J. Jordan Mr. Frank Gatcill, Mr. G.
Granther, Mr. C. Ackroyd, Mr. AT. Cullingford, Master Bryan,
Mr. R. S. Rushton, Mr. Richard Rushton, Mr. and 'Mrs. flux-
ham, Mrs. Sanderson and daughter, Mrs. Susan Oxwood and
child, Rev: Van Paernel.

COLLISION IN THE CHANNEL.--On Friday morning,
while the screw steamship Empress Eugenie, bound from
Liverpool to London, was running °down the Rock
Channel, close to the Cheshire coast, she' came into
collision with the schooner Ann and Elizabeth, from
Neath to Liverpool. The shock was so severe that the
schooner sank almost immediately, the crew having only
time to get on board the steamer, which after proceed-
ing a little was obliged to turn back, in consequence of
her having some of her seams opened, and thereby
making water. The Eugenie was brought down close to
Egremont, where she was beached, in order to have her
hull overhauled and repaired.
THE BIRD SHOW AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE.—A bird
show was opened on Saturday at the Crystal Palace, and
is one of a very extensive kind ; it is to last during the
first three days of this week. There are in all more
than 400 cages, containing about 500 birds of very
,various kinds. The collection of canaries is most
numerous, and there are specimens of every known
variety. The larger, birds—parrots, cockatoos, macaws,
&c.—are present in 'considerable force, and scream to a
fearful extent. Among rare birds, there is one indigenous
to Australia, called the " laughing jackass," whose ex-
traordinary bray is not very unlike that of the animal
from whom it derives its name. Altogether the orni-
thological show is a highly amusing affair.
ROASTING A STORER.—Engineering has not carried
its triumphs into the stokehole • for this is still a cavern
of torture and hot-bed of disease. The heat is in-
tolerable. . During the recent trial trip of the steam-ship
Odin, the thermometer was above 139 deg. in the
stoke-hole. Such a temperature taxes endurance to
an insupportable degree ; and must induce 'a terrible
exhaustion and unnecessary strain on life. We say
unnecessary, because an excellent apparatus has been in
operation for some time on board her Majesty's steam
yacht Elfin, which almost completely removes the evil of
excessive heat in the furnace-room, while it effeets a great
saving in fuel and prevents smoke. This fact is authen-
ticated by reports
ataaitiednwllta commissions, parliamentary papers,
printed tables, of eye-witnesses, and official
documents of all varieties. Nevertheless, even the Great
Eastern steam-ship retainsre the old arrangements, and
the stokers sufferga
consequent exhaustion. yrhferom excessive heat and
government reason for
not adopting this important improvement. is, that
the great steam-ship companies hanot
.winaitrtoturcedthit
in their vessels. They, on their side
example of government. Thus the blame anodntehepraerstpyontoe
respon-
sibility are bandied from the shoulders of
those of the other. Meanwhile the little incident of
the " cock and bull and the roasted soldier" may at
any moment be reeated, with slight variations, on
board any of her Majesty's steam ships. The horrible
tragedy of the stoker so murdered on the Bogota suf-
ficiently showed how readily life succumbs to this
intense heat; and the successful working of the appa-
ratus in the Elfin is a reproach to the naval authorities,
and a striking evidence of their neglect and dilatoriness
in failing to introduce it throughout the Royal Navy.—
The _Lancet.

AMERICAN DISPUTE WITH ENGLAND.
TERMS OF THE BOUNDARY. TREATY FROM
AN AMERICAN POINT OF VIEW.
The Washington correspondent of the New York
Herald, writing on the sth instant, says:—lt is
believed that serious difficulties may, and probably
will, grow out of the dispute between the United
States and England, in reference, to the island of
San Juan, or Bellevue, in the Strdits of Juan de Fuca.
It is generally conceded that General Harney was en-.
tirely right (and not "rash," or "precipitate," or
" hasty," or " imprudent," as British partisans have
called him), in taking possession of that island for the
protection of the United States citizens there, and for
maintenance of the rights of this country to the island,
under the Pakenham treaty of June 15, 1846. That
treaty was negotiated at Washington by Mi. Buchanan,
then Secretary of State, to close the 54 degrees 40
minutes controversy. It was ratified by the constitu-
tional majority of the Senate of the United States. The
first article is in these words:—

From the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north
latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing
treaties and conventions between the United States and
Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary between
the territory of the United States and those of her
Britannic Majesty shall be continued westward along
the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the
middle of the channel which separates the continent from
Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the
middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to the
Pacific Ocean. Provided, however, that the navigation
of the whole of the said channel and straits, south of the
forty-ninth parallel of north 'latitude, remain free and
open to both parties.
It will be recollected that the United States, anterior
to that treaty, always claimed Vancouver's Island, but
consented by that treaty to relingnish its claim. The
sole object of the clause designating the line which .1
have italicised was to separate Vancouver's Island from
the continent, and to exclude it from the British relin-
quishment,and to include it in the relinquishment of the
United States, by which the 54.40 dispute was com-
, promised. Vancouver was claimed by the United States
as appurtenant to the continent. A State is regarded,
in the absence of any specific relinquishment of said right, •
as owning islands contiguous to her shores, because such
ownership is often imperiously necessary for the protec-
tion of such shores and enforcement of her laws in time of
peace as well as of war. Mere convenience is a sound basis
for such right. It is true Great Britian has not always
observed the laws of nations in this respect—and her
conduct with respect to the islands in the Bay of Fundy,
even littoral islands, close under the coast of Maine, and
one (Campabello) at the very entrance of an important
seaport—but it is nevertheless a sound and just rule.-
The enforcement of the revenue laws, and health or
quarantine laws of a nation, and of its police laws in
time of peace, often demand the concession of such
ownership and jurisdiction as urgently as the defence
and protection of its coasts in time of war. __The British
authorities, it is said, urge that the right to Bellevue
should be yielded to them because, in a naval and military
point of view, it commands the Straits of Fuca, in their
course to the Gulf of Georgia.
Bellevue is beyond a marine league, or three miles, or
longest range of cannon shot, which some publicists
contend is the limit prescribed by the laws of 'nations as
the jurisdiction naturally appurtenant to the adjacent
mainland, sometimes designated as "littoral sovereignty,"
Great Britain has, in disputes with the United States
heretofore, urged the empirical doctrine of three miles
against us, and it is fair that she should abide it now.
But the terms of the treaty are clear, plain, and un-
ambiguous. In the first place, the term " channel"
employed in the treaty clearly applies to the waters
in the Gulf of Georgia, opposite the forty-ninth de-
gree parallel of latitude and nearly twenty miles north
et Lite npithuluavbc eutl of Bellevue Island, and
the designation "middle of the Fuca Straits" is the
clause governing this question. The waters between
Vancouver and Bellevue are the " Straits of Juan
de Fuca"—so all the geographical authorities say. If
this position be correct, there is no room. for contest.
Bat concede this view to be incorrect, and that the term
"channel" is the controlling word. The line prescribed
by the treaty is, under such canstruction, a line in the
"middle of the channel which separates the continent
from Vancouver's Island," not one which separates
the continent from Bellevue Island or the other islands
adjacent to the coast of the continent and naturally ap-
purtenant to it.. The question is susceptible of a plain and
simple solution upon principles of common sense, and all
the obfuscation and obscuration of diplomacy cannot
make it otherwise. When on Bellevue Island, are you
on the western side of " the middle of the channel which
separates the continent from Vancouver's Island ?" This
is the sole question. Is there not still a "channel," nay,
several " channels," between you and Vancouver ? 'Now,
the words t' main" or " principal" or "chief," are left
out of the treaty ; no description of " the channel" meant
to be the line except that it is the one ." which separates
the continent from Vancouver's Island." If any of the
channels or straits eastward of Bellevue had been meant,
it would have been designated by its well known name,
contained in the maps extant more thzn three-quarters
of a century past. The line is called " the channel" in
the treaty. The prominent object was to fix the line
between Vancouver and the continent. Vancouver only
was intended to be excluded from the territory retained
by the United States, and to be relinquished by the
United States to Great Britain. No other island is
mentioned. There is no express clause carrying with
Vancouver Island the relinquishment of other islands
appurtenant to it as littoral islands. If there had even
been such a clause Bellevue or San Juan, as represented,
is not within three miles of Vancouver, or any
littoral island of Vancouver, and is not in any other
respect or quality naturally or geographically an appur-
tenant of Vancouver, as a littoral isle or otherwise, and
the very reverse is the fact iu reference to its relation to
the coast of the mainland of Washington Territory and
the admitted littoral isles of Washington situate between
Bellevue and the main coast. There are, it is true, seve-
ral channels running between those islands; none, how-
ever, half the width of that separating Bellevue from
Vancouver; and as to all of them, they are not a cannon
shot in width, and do not hold one-fifth of the volume of
water that is held by the other, west of Bellevue. It is
reported, however, that recent hydrographical surveys
of the United States Coast Survey officers and those of
the British Admiralty, show that one of these channels
h 6 a few inches of water in it more than that west of
Bellevue. Concede this to be so, even if such hydrographi-
cal surveys attest such fact, if the sinuous and narrower
channels winding amongst and through the small islets
east of Bellevue and extending through to the Washing-
ton shore are the deepest, that fact in no degree alters
the question. The recent discovery of such greater
depth of water cannot affect the treaty made upon a
different presumption. On the contrary, the treaty is to
be construed to conform to what was intended by the
parties upon what was then known to them. If any of
these inside channels were intended, they would have
been designated by the name found for each on the old
English and Spanish maps, and not left to subsequent
ascertainment as to depth of water, &c., without any
stipulation providing for such ascertainment. Mark !
The suggestions are based upon a concession arguendo
of the hypothesis assumed by Lord John Russell, that
the channel between Bellevue and Vancouver is not a
continuance of the Fuca Straits, which assumption is,
however, in my judgment, the very climax of diplomatic
impudence. 1

It is utterly out Of the,question for the United States
to relinquish Bellevue. It is essential that it should be'
retained and fortified for the protection of the other
United States littoral isles and the coasts of Washington

territory in that vicinity. You may rely upon it tha
.the present administration have no idea of relinquishing
it. Mr. Buchanan drafted the treaty of 1846, and de-
clares there is no ambiguity in it; that he understood
its effect perfectly, and that it was intended to include
Bellevue. General Cass, it will be recollected, voted in the
United States Senate against the ratification of this treaty,
because it relinquished Vancouver Island, and between 49
degrees and 54 degrees 40 minutes. British bullying and
humbuggery will net answer any purpose in this affair,
except to exasperate the American people, and induce a
more determined and summary course by the adminis-
tration. I Isave unquestionably reliable authority for
the fact that Palmerston constrained Lord John Russell,
against his wishes, to write a most impudent' despatch
in reference to General Harney's conduct; but upon its
receipt, General Cass, under the instruction of the Pre-
sident., sent an answer in which he gave Palmerston " g
Roland for his Oliver." In a few weeks all this will
mite out. Lord Lyons is sorely grieved and perplexed
at the aspect of things. It is reported that he does not
fully agree with his government in their course on this
question, but, with the galland Admiral Fanshaw, con-
demns the conduct of the Hudson's Bay agent (Doug-
lass), who has made most of the trouble.
The President will submit the correspondence to Con-
gress at the opening of the session, and will ask for
means—money and men—to enable him to defend the
rights of our country, and uphold the honour of its
flag, at all hazards and to the last extremity. And it
will be given to him. General Scott's visit to the Pa-
cific had as much reference to the settlement of this dis-
pute by the ultima ratio as by diplomacy, and hence,
too, the recent large accessions to our naval force in the
Pacific. We shall ba.prepared.. You need. not be sur-
prised if Mr. Dallas comes home before the holidays, or
early in the session of Congress.; but this dispute, un-
less Palmerston yields, is one that cannot he allowed to
rest unsettled, and upon a mere cessation of diplomatic
intercourse. It is of a nature demanding other measures,
and their immediate adoption. Unless it is settled speedily
it will swell into difficulties not of very ready aijustment
by peaceable means. It is an error to suppose the people
of the United States have bad memories. They will not
brook anything from England, and less from Palmerston
than any other British minister. The whole of this
difficulty has originated with Palmerston's dislike of the,
United States, and his encouragement of the Hudson
Bay Company officials in 'their audaCious insolence to
our people on the Pacific. When Lord Derby was in
power they received little encouragement, and, on the
contrary, with great sagacity and patriotic foresight,
steps were taken to demolish the concern. There is no
doubt that this odious and unprincipled corporation has
been at the bottom of many of the Indian outrages com-
mitted in the vicinity of the boundary line.
That will be a sad and sorry day for Palmerston on
which he resolves to proceed to extreme measures to sus-
tain this infamous corporation in its nefarious courses.
He will find that within six months after it is known on
the Pacific coast that war . exists with England, every
foot of British possesiiens on that coast.will be under the
stars and stripes. One-half of the population of New
Albion and Vancouver detest and despise the Hudson Bay
Company and its semi-governmental officials, executive
and legislative. There are a goodly number of Yankees
intermixed with them. All this is well understood, from
San Diego to Birch Bay, and 20,000 volunteers can be
raised by the blowing of a whistle not more shrill than
that of. Rhoderic Dhu, and who, fully equipped and
marshalled for war and agriculture and gold digging,
would prospect over all the Fraser river country in less
than another month, and establish squatter sovereignty,
and send Governor Douglass home by the Saskatchewan
route in double quick time. We shall regain 54 deg.
40 min., lost by the treaty of 1846. And it is quite
certain that the people of every
.section of the United
States will not regard at this crisis a war with England
with disfavour U entered upon for just cause.

RAILWAY TRAFFIC.--The traffic receipts for this
week have amounted to £468,267. This amount has
been earned on 9,244 miles, arid is equal to £5O 13s. lid.
per mile. The revenue for the' corresponding week last
year was £438,685 acquired on 8,939 miles, and gave an
average of £49 ls. 6d.. per mile. The increase in the
receipts of the week is therefore £29,582, or LI 1 ls.
per mile. The London and North Western exhibits an
increase of £7,679 ' • South Eastern, £1,613 ; Great
Western, £2,154; Great Northern, -£1,905;. South
Western, £2,724 ; Eastern Counties, £1,392 ;• Man-
chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, £1,014 ; Lanca-
shire and -Yorkshire (including East Lancashire,)
£4,020 ; North Eastern, £5,526 ; Midland, £1,462 ; and
the Brighton, £539.
THE GREAT EASTERN.—SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 18.—
The Great Ship is now becoming extremely smart in
her outward appearance. On board, the decks have
been scrubbed and whitened, although the substitution
of pine plank for teak is still a glaring imperfection.
The masts and funnels have been painted, the brass-
work highly polished, the sails snugly stowed, and
every rope hauled taut. A number of men belonging
to the ship are now painting the hull. The space to be
covered by paint on both sides of the ship complises
an area of four acres. During this week a large num-
ber of persons have visited the ship. Among the coin-
- pauy to-day we noticed the Prince de Joinville; who,
• since the commencement of the ship, appears to have
taken a great interest in her, The newly-elected mayor
of Southampton (F. Perkins, Mil.), accompanied by his
chaplain (the Rev. G. Bradshaw), went on board to-day
to invite Captain Harrison and his officers to a banquet
at the Mayor's private residence, which is appointed for
Thursday next. The captain was-pleased to accept the
invitation. The repairs inside the ship have not yet
been commenced.
r WILLS AND BEQUESTS,—The will and four codicils
of Vice Admiral Sir David Dunn, K.C.8., late of Rock-
lands, Chudleigh, Devon, were proved in the London
Court of Probate, on the Bth of November, by the Rev.
Frederick Ensor, the deceased's brother-in-law, and John
Henry Mackenzie, Esq., the joint executors. He has
left many specific and pecuniary bequests. In his second
codicil, made in 1855, he directs his butler, Seeker, who
has served him long on sea and land, to take charge of
his faithful dog " Tippoo." He has bequeathedhis man-
sion, furniture, and estate at Rocklands to. his wife's
sister, Mrs. Ensor, whom he has appointed residuary
legatee.—The will and three codicils of Dowager Lady
Blackett, relict of Sir William Blackett, Bart., of Mat-
fen Hall, Northumberland, who died at her town resi-
dence, Portman-square, on the 7th of August last, were
proved in London on the 12th of November, by Sir
Edward Blackett, Bart., the son, one of the executors,
power being reserved to John Charles Blackett, Esq.,
the sou, and other executor. The personalty was sworn
under £100,000.. Bequeaths the mansionin Portman-
square to her eldest son, Sir Edward, and leaves him the
gold and silver services, and all the plate, excepting the
two gold or silver gilt tureens, on ono of which is in-
scribed the object of the gift, which is from the tenantry
of the Matfen Hall estates, which she directs to be held
and descend as 11::irlooms with the possessor of those
estates; and requests that her eldest son, Sir 'Edward,
in consideration thereof, should present to his brother,
John Charles, the silver service which he (Sir Ed-
ward) had received from his father. Bequeaths to her
son John Charles the furniture of her residence at Thorpe
Lee, Egham, which estate and mansion had been con-
veyed to him. Bequeaths £lO,OOO to the widow of her
deceased sox, Henry C. Blackett'; to her sister, Mrs.
Frances Pemberton, £5OO ; her grandson, Edward W.
Blackett, £3OO ; and leaves the residue of her property
between her son John Charles, and daughter, the
Countess of Roullee. —The will of the Venerable
Archdeacon Richard Davies, MA., Canon of Saint
David's, Archdeacon of Brecon, and Vicar of Breck-
north, was proved in: the principal registry of the
Court of Probate, London on the 11th of November, by
the Very Rev. Thos. Williams, M.A., Dean of Llandaff,
the son-in-law and surviving executor. He had made
-his will in 1823, and since then, in 1842, executed
another will, referring therein to the, former, which
made it necessary to prove both, as containing together
his last will. His wife, who was appointed an executor,
having pre-deceased him, the whole of the estate and
effects is thereby bequeathed to his daughter, and to her
husband, the Dean of Llandaff, and to their children.
The testator, by deed of gift, had presented the advow-
son of the living of Brecon, or Brecknorth, to his second
grandson, or any other grandson that his daughter and
her husband might appoint.—lllustrated lonian News

MUSICAL, DRAMATIC, LITERARY AND..
ARTISTIC GOSSIP.

Sir John Bovrring will read a paper " On the Arts
and Manufactures of China," at the Society of Arts, on
Wednesday next.
Miss Amy Sedgwick has completely taken the good
folk of Huddersfield by storm. Brilliant, vivacious, and
withal refined, Miss Sedgwick has one after another
dashed threugh her most spirited roles of Constance,
Rosalind, Peg Woffington, and others of her repertoire.
She has also achieved great success in Tom Taylor's
drama of "Plot and Passion."

There is a talk, we learn from foreign journals, of a
Paganini festival to be held at Genoa ; and, further,
that—should such meeting be held, the direction of it is
to be offered to M. Berlioz, for whose music, as is well
known, Paganini expressed a marked predilection., Is
this a canard I or are there no Italians competent to
superintend on such an occasion—to name but. one Il
Cavaliere Angelo Mariani ?

A handsomely-decorated retiring-room, in communi-
cation with the Queen's box, will in a day or two be
completed at the Princess's Theatre.

" Damon and Pythias, or the Power of Love," is the
title of a new burlesque now in active preparation at the
Soho Theatre: Mr. F. W. Burnot is the author.

The Amsterdam Crystal Palace is to be completed and
opened in the year 1861; it will be 400 feet in length
by 200 feet in width, and the central dome will be 200
feet in height, at the•junction of which will be a transept
and the nave of the edifice. The structure is to be of
iron and glass; but as Holland is not famous for iron, it
will be supplied by England.

The Critic says :—" Mr, J. C. Robinson, the author
of ' Whitefriars,' has just completed a new novel, the
subject of which is historical. It will not be published
before spring." We thought the "author of White-
friars' " was Miss Robinson.

Charles. Mackay has in the press a new poem, called
"The Whiskey Demon," It is printed on toned paper,
and illustrated. It is intended as a Christian work, and
will be published on the Ist of D ecemqer, by Mr.
Nimmo. Why not by the " Library Company ?" signi-
ficantly asks the Critic.
Jacob, the Wizard, was giving his entertainment at
Cleveland, Ohio, on the 22nd of October. •
The Dublin Committee have unanimously decided
that the execution of the Goldsmith statue shall be con-
fided to J. B. Foley, B.A.

Sir Charles Eastlake has been through Spain without
being able to buy a picture. Good paintings are rare in
Spain ; the School was the latest in Eufope, and its pro-
fessors and productions were few. Nearly all the great
Murillos are locked up in the Museum at Seville, or in
inaccessible public buildings like the Caridad. Nor is
Sir Charles the man to unlock private treasures in a
land so proud and vain. A director of the English Na-.
tional Gallery is, by the very pretensions of his title and
his visit, a person to create suspicion and provoke
resistance.

We (Athenecuin) are glad to be able to announce that
the Council of the Horticultural Society have given
notice to the Government that they are now prepared to
execute their portion of the works on the Kensington
Gore Estate. This movement in revival of the society
has met with success, and a Winter Garden will no
longer be one of our London wants.

Ten thousand pounds is the figure with which Mr.
Uzielli opens the Guarantee Fund for the Great Exhibi-
tion. Our readers have long anticipated the decision of
the Society of Arts to go on with the Exhibition, with-
out regard to the temporary storms of politics. This
decision has at length been taken ; and the Guarantee
Fund, of a quarter of a million, is now in progress of
subscription. The event will take place in 1662.

A BULLION-ROOM FOR TWO MILLIONS.—A safe four
feet square will hold more than £2,000,000 sterling.—
Builder,

ABERYSTWYTH.--.-THE LATE GALES.--A largely at-
tended public meeting was held in this town on Tuesday,
under the presidency of Mr. Robert Edwards, mayor,
for the relief of the widows and orphans of sailors
belonging. to that district, lost during the late gales.
Nine widows and. fifteen orphans had been left destitute
in only one small adjacent village. Resolutions were
passed and a committee formed to carry out the object
of the meeting. Upwards of ZO was collected in the
room.

KINGSLAND SAUSAGES.—It appears that some per-
sons are supposed to have been lately poisoned by eating
these " delicacies," towards the making of which it is
not impossible that our parish may have contributed ;
for about a fortnight ago a farmer in our fens, having
cooked his mangolds and potatoes for his pigs in a fur-
nace in which he had just before dressed his seed wheat
with mercury, the poor animals soon exhibited unmis-
takable symptoms of having been poisoned; whereupon
our conscientious farmer at once cut their throats, dressed
them, and sent them off to London, where they were
sold for about ls. a stone. Are there no means of pun-
ishing the perpetrator of such a vile and murderous
action ?—Stamford Mercury.
EXTENSIVE FRAUD BY A RUSSIAN.—A reward of
£5OO has been offered by the Russian Government for
the apprehension of Ludovic Joachim Julius Tode, a
Russian subject, who absconded from St. Petersburg on
the 30th of August, 1859, with upwards of 50,000
silver roubles (about £7,000 sterling) belonging to an
English firm. The said Julius Tode is about 25 years
of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, has light hair, but no
beard or whiskers, pale and sickly complexion, hollow
cheeks, prominent cheek bones, and veins on the fore-
head and temples very prominent. He generally wears
spectacles, and speaks Russian, German, and French,
but not English. The money embezzled by the said
Julius Tode consisted of gold half imperials, Russian
bank notes, and several obligations of the Russian Bank,
particularly one obligation f0r9,000 silver roubles, dated
20th June, ]857, and numbered 11,982.
PERU AND CHILI.—The area of Chili is 139,335
English square miles, and the population (last returns)
1,439,120. The revenue in 1856 amounted to £1,676,681,
of which £813,455 accrued from customs, and £199,467
from the Government monopoly of tobacco. The expen-
diture was £1,454,788, the interest on the foreign debt
figuring for the sum of £100,735. The public debt
itself is £1,655,875, viz., £1,250,600 foreign debt, and
£405,275 home debt. The movement of vessels
is represented by, 2,757 vessels of 841,842 tons
entered, and 2,681 of 820,024 tons cleared out in
1855. The imports into Chili are valued at
£3,960,808, and the exports at £3,631,904. The imports
from Great Britain figure for upwards of $6,000,000
annually, and in 1856 amounted to nearly $7,000,000.
The exports to Great Britain and her colonies
figure for $9,461,359, and those to Peru for $2,376,441,
out of the total of $18,159,522, or 3,G31,904. We turn
to Peru. Of Peru the area is 602,761 sqaure
and the population 2,106,492. The revenue in 1857
was £3,781,249, and the expenditure £3,272,010. Of
the revenue $18,656,246, (or £3,731,249,) no less than
$15,296,952 accrues from the "receipts of guano," and
$2,084,459; from import duties. The total debt of Peru
is $44,265,772, or £8,853,164, viz., £3,083,674 home
debt, and £5,769,480 foreign. 1,296 vessels, of 649,909
tons, entered the port of Callao in 1858, against 1,290,
of 617,270 tons, cleared out. In the same year, 346
vessels cleared from Peru with cargoes of guano, of which
145 were British bottoms, 118 American, and 36 French.
These 346 ships carried 226709 tons of the manure,
the greater portion (more than one-half), to Great
Britain; her colonies, and the United States of North
America. In the first six months of 1858, 635,539
tons of guano were consigned by the several contractors,
66,607 were sold, and 568,603 remained on hand. The
net produce of the sales was 63,202,059, the charges,.
followed
Panama
and expenses eating up no less than $2,539,915 out of
the gross produce, which was $5,570,724. The imports
into Callao in 1857, werev lw:ptiordthF£rain,o,3B7
exports thence £441,434. e,
the
chiefkh
ee
Silver bars
woollens,
its figure most largely
staple
provisions,of thean d exportwnies
and spirits
anion.- The imports. and Chili
dofptahneamima,pworhtiletraEndegioanf Pdearnud,
bthye
Hamburg
garane
appear to be her best customers—that is to say, the
largest receivers of her exports.