Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-12-27 00:00:00

THE EXTENT OF THE POPE'S POWER.

"The power of the Pope can only be a paternal
power ; he must rather resemble a family than a State.
Thus, not only is it not necessary that his territory
should be of large extent, but we think that it is even
essential that it should be limited. :The smaller the
territory, the greater will be the Sovereign.
"In fact, a great State implies certain requirements
(exigencies) which it is impossible for the Pope to
satisfy. A great State would like to follow up the poli-
tics of the day, to perfect its institutions, participate in
the general movement of ideas, take advantage of the
transformations of the age, of the conquests of science,
of the progress of the human mind. He cannot do it.
The laws will be shackled by dogmas. His authority
will be,paralysed by traditions. His patriotism will be
condemned by faith. He must either resign himself to
immobility, or rise even to revolt. The world will ad
vance and leave him behind. Then, of two things, one
will happen—either everything will be extinguished
in that people, and nothing will remnin in it of the
generous activity of public life. or else the noble aspi-
rations of nationality will burst through, and it will
become necessary, as we have witnessed• already, for
material force to supply the deficiencies of moral autho-
rity. The: temporal power of the Pope under these
conditions cannot maintain itself unless protected by an
Austrian or French military occupation—a painful
resource, for every Power that does not exist upon its
national strength and public confidence is simply an
institution—is but an expedient.= The church, far
from finding therein a condition of independence,
Would only find a cause of discredit and incapacity.
This is not what France can wish. This is not what
truly religious men can desire." -•
THE CHARACTER OF THE NEW KINGDOM.

" In short, there will be a people in EurOpe.Who will,
be ruled less by a king than by a father, and whose
rights will be ifeiaranteed rather by the heart of the so-
vereign than by the authority of the Imp .and institu-
tions. This people will' haVe no national- representa-
tive, no army, no press, no magistracy. It must exist
without an army; without a parliament, "so to say,
,With;
out a code of laws or a,court of justice. The whole of
its political existence will be limited to its municipal
organisation. Beyond that 'narrow circle it will have
no other resource than Contemplation, the arts, the study
of ruins' (la culture des mines), and prayer. He will
be for ever disinherited of that noble portion,of activity
which in every country is the stimulus of patriotism and
the legitimate exercise of the faculties, of the mind of
superior characters. Under the Government of the
Sovereign Pontiff-there .Can. be, no aspiration either to
the glory of the soldier or the triumphs of the orator or
of the statesman. It will be the government of peace
and reflection—a sort "of oasis where , the passions and
interests of politics still not trespass, and which will
only have the sweet and calm contemplations .of a
spiritual world." •
. THE BLESSINGS,OF THE NEW KINGDOM.
"The. Government of the Pope must be paternal in
its administration, as it is by its:nature. He who calls
himself the Holy Father ought to be a father for all
his subjects. If his institutions .are beyond the princi-
ples which guarantee the rights of 'government in a
political society, his acts ought to be only the more
irreproachable, and when he cannot be imitated by any
one he will be the envy of all men. We look,' there-
fore,
upon the. temporal government of the Pope as
the image of the government of the Church., It is a
Pontificate, and not a Dictatorship. The large develop-
ment of his municipal area relieving him from the- re-
sponsibility of administrative interests, he can. maintain
himself in a sphere far above the management of affairs.
A member of the Italian Confederation, he is protected
by the Federal army. A Pontifical army ought not to
be more than an emblem of public *der. When ene-
mies are to be fought, either at home or abroad, it is not
for the Head of the Church to draw the sword. Blood
shed in his name seems an insult to divine mercy, which
he represents ; when he raises his hand it ought to be
to bless, and not to strike.
" The city of Rome and the Patrimony of 'St. Peter
must be guaranteed to' the Sovereign Pontiff. 'by the
great Powers, with a considerable revenue, that the
Catholic States will pay as a tribute of respect and pro-
tection to the Head of the Church. An Italian Militia
chosen from the elite of the Federal army, should assure
the tranquillity and inviolability of the Holy See:
Municipal. liberties, as extensive as' possible, should
release the Papal Government from all the details of
administration, and thus give a share of public local
life to those • who are disinherited of political-activity.
Finally, every complication, every idea of war and of
revolt, must be for ever banished ' from the territory
governed by the Pope, that it may be said, where reigns
the Vicar of Christ, there also reign well-being, concord;
and peace.
" Moreover, if the subjects of the Pope are deprived
of a political existence, they will be indemnified, on the
other hand, by a most paternal government, •by the ex-
emption from taxation, by the moral :greatness of their
country,•which is the centre of the Catholic faith, and
by the presence of a Court the brilliancy of which,
necessary for the double Majesty of the Pontiff and of
the,Prince, will be maintained by the means of liberal
, tributes paid by the Catholic powers of Europe. .These
considerations have' surely some value, and, after all,
under such a system, with such advantages, and with
the chance of having • great Popes, such as history re-
cords, it will: always be an honour to; call oneself a
Roman citizen---civic Romans." ' •
THE 'ROMAGNA. GIVE' UP.
"We ourselves are of opinion that the separation of
the 'Romagna would not tend to :diminish the' temporal
power of the Pope.
•llis territory, it is true, would bo
diininished„ but his political authority, disencumbered
of a resistance Which paralyses it, would not be, weak-
ened, but morally strengthened.
" What matters it to the
.prestige, to the 'dignity, to
the greatness of the Sovereign Pontiff, the square miles
comprised in his Stitt4 he want space to be be-
loved and‘y6nerated?' A?e notHlits beneelittions atql his
teaching-the most powerfurinanifestalion 'of hi" fight
:DoeS hair-ale-Ye and bless iat-lie‘'Nihole universe liTe=
.ther he'roles bver'fCW' 6r `Bits =,' that is not the qires-:
tion •, what is essential is that he should have a sufficient
number of subjects to be independent, and that lac should

not have too many to be carried away by those currents
of passions, of interests, of novelties, which are pro-
duced everywhere where there are considerable agglo-
merations.

"The importance of the Pope• does not consist in the
twenty-one provinces which he actually possesses. Bo-
logna, Ancona, and Ravenna, separated from Rome by a
chain of mountains, the character of their inhabitants,
and historical souvenirs, add nothing-to the splendour of
Rome. The Pope throning at Rome, his seat at the
`Vatican' is what awes (frappe) the world. The Sove-
reign of the Roman States is scarcely thought of."

WILA.T FORCE WOULD RESTORE TILE ROMAGNA ?

"It is force only which can restore the Romagna to
the condition imposed upon it by treaties and by his-
tery. Can it be employed ? And if employed, who is
to be charged with executing it ? Is it France ? Is it
Austria ?

" France ! But she cannot do it. A Catholic nation,
she would never consent to strike so serious a blow at
the moral power of Catholicism. A liberal nation, she
could not compel a people to submit to a government
whichstheir will rejects.
" Catholics who seek such a triumph for the Church,
appear to us as dangerou.3 for it 'as would be for the
Monarchy the Royalists who would dream of re-estab-
lishing the ancient legitimacy by the aid of a new in-
vasion.

" As regards compelling peoples, France is not used to
such'work. When she meddled in their affairs it .was
to enfranchise them, and not to oppress them. Under
Louis XVI. we went to. the New World to help it to
achieve its nationality. Belgium and the Danubian
Principalities are indebted to us for their political ex-
' istence.. It is not the Emperor who could prove un-
faithful to these generous traditions.
" But, if France cannot intervene, let her allow Austria
to have her way. This is what the partisans of foreign
intervention in Italy sat. Aud should we have run the
risk of a great war, gained four victories, lost 50,000
men, spent 300 millions, and shaken Europe, that
Austria might on the morrow of peace resume in the
Peninsula the domination she exercised on the eve of
her defeat ? Magenta and. Solferino should be simply
trophies of contemporaneous history ! Shall our soldiers
have shed their blood for vain glory ? French heroism
be sterile ? No! no ! French policy does not harbour
such inconsistencies and degradations.
"The domination of Austria in Italy is at an end.
This is the grand result of our campaign, consecrated by
the peace 'of Villafranca. For Austria to return to
Florence, to Parma, or to Bologna, it would be neces-
sary to-admit that it was she who vanquished as. Let
us render justice to her honesty and common sense. She
does not pretend it, and those who, in France, make the
pretence for her forget at the same time what our prin-
ciples impose upon, us, and what our honour prohibits
us. Our principles bid us leave Italy to herself, and
respect the sovereignty we have restored to her, on the
condition that she will know how to conciliate its rights
with the equilibrium of Europe. Our honour prohi-
bits us from recognising the right of Austria to armed
intervention, which we do not admit for ourselves.
" If neither France nor Austria intervene, whose arm
is it that will bring back the Romagna under the Papal
sway ? Would it be that of an Italian Power ? There
is but one Power to which such a task might appertain
—Naples. But is that possible ? The kingdom of the
Two Sicilies is labouring under a deep-set movement in
the public mind, which does not allow its Government
to attempt a diversion on the Abruzzi.
_ _

"The armed intervention of Naples would produce
nothing but disasters, if it were possible. But it is not
possible, for it would be a manifest violation of the
neutrality imposed upon all the Italian States. In fact,
if the Neapolitan army entered the States of the Church,
nothing' could prevent the Piedmontese' army from oc-
cupying Parma and Tuscany. Such disorder would not
only be the overthrow of all international rules, it would
be, moreover, a revolt against the jurisdiction of Europe,
whose duty it is,,while respecting the
,right of sovereign-
ties to watch over the general order which concerns the
safety of its equilibrium."
THE POWER OF THE CONGRESS.
" The Congress of Paris has full power to alter what
was settled by the Congress of Vienna. ' Europe; com-
bined at Vienna in 1815, gave. the Romagna to the
Pope ; Europe, combined in Pa4s in 1860, may decide
otherwise in regard to it.
" And, let it be observed, the last decision, should it
I be contrary to that of 1815, would not bear the same
character as the first. In 1815 the Powers 'disposed of
the people of Romagna ; in 1860, if they were not
placed under the authority of the Pope, the Powers of
Europe only formally record a fait accompli,
"The competence of 'the Congress, then,,, cannot be
disputed ; 'for, if it were now denied to be cempetent,
it would be necessary to' declare that the Congress of
Vienna,. the majority of, which .were representatives of
great, schismatic, Powers, had no right to dispose of the
territory of Runiagna ,and its population ,in
.favour .qf
the'Pope."

..r ..

MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE.—The public accounts
exhibit some odd Miscellaneous sources of income.
Thus, in the 'year ending the Met of March, small
branches of the hereditary revenue produced £4,480 ; the
fees of the • House' of Commons; £41,212 ; the Privy
Council Office, £1,123; the Home Office' £989 ; the
office for the registration of .joint-stock companies,
£5,585 ; fees and fines from police-courts, £11,270;
miscellaneous 'office fees, £9,141; ScottiAl public offices,
£36,832; Irish ditto, £4,877; army and ordnance extra
receipts, £1,002,808; 'navy old stores, £190,702; receipts
in Office of Works for old materials, £5,003 ; grazing rents,
dm., on account of public parks, £5,433 ; seignorage on
bullion purchased for- coinage at the Mint £87,797 ;
productive labour of prisoners in convict establishments,
£13,105 ; London, Dublin, and Edinburgh Gazettes,
£21,260 ;• abatement from salaries; £7,513 ; conscience
money, £3,015 ; various casual and miscellaneous re-.
ceipts not specifically detailed, £153,047.; repayments
by trustees of the King of the Belgiani, £37,500 ; un-
claimed dividends, £155,361; East India Company for'
pensions' to her Majesty's forces in India,. £60,000 ;.
contributions from East India revenue for less on ac-
count of mail service to India, £36,017 ; and savings,on
grants of parliament and over-issues repaid. £231,964.
The Woods .and Forests revenue was £420,328. .•
Tam FLORENCE GiimiAm.--,•On Tuesday evening the
Florence Graham, of Liverpool, bound from the west
coast of Africa for that port with a cargo of palm oil,
put into Kinsale in distress, having lost her captain and.
a number of her crew on the, voyage by scurvy, and
having the greater portion of the remainder laid up
with the same disease. It appears that the Florence,
Graham, which is a fine barque of 379 tons register,
belonging to the firm of. Messrs. Hatton 'and Cookson,"
Liverpool, sailed from that port All the 'l3th January,
last, under the command of Captain Henry Nichols, of
Norfolk, for the. ;African coast,, ..where .. con-
siderable trade' in palm oil is done by her
owners. 'While out there the chief mate,' Samuel
Wharton, of liverpool, five seamen,' the cooper,'
and two boys died of a pestilential fever which rages
on the, coast. Another ship, belonging to the same
firm, the Orient, arrived out with some spare hands,
which had been sent in her for the purpose of making
good any casualtieS that might have occurred among
crews' already out, and those were transferred to the
Florence Graham, besides a chief mate, Mr. Robert
Browne. The vessel 'left the Rio Bente on the 13th
September, for Liverpool, with, a crew of 17 hands,
besides the captain ; but while On the voyage scurvy
made its appearance in a very vinilent form among the
Crew, and in a short time disabled the greater number of
them. The master, Mr. Nichols, after having been'con4
fined to his berth for four weeks,4uring whicht•inielle was
unable to
,move without the assistance of one of. his men,
died about-the 'end of November ;- and three 'others of
the crew-also died. Mr. BroWne, the mate, then took
command, but' he and' those of the cfew 'who were not
disabled experienced considerable difficulty in working
the vessel, there being only five or six altogether ,able to
work in a ship that earned eighteen hands. Seven were
lying in their berthi, not only. unable to render the
slightest assistance, but suffering 'mach for' want' Of
anything 'like proper' attendance on themselves. For=
tunately the vesiel, met no severe gales mac passage.
snhaeciwost4tied. met
boeneen,
liost ,t. Asmoirte
wtr
prncibtabbeleb:reethza,t
freshened tO'suaii "anieitent is to render it necessary
to' reef *sails, the work was One 'of difficnity and
danger. Had the ship been longer ontlie' voyage, it is
ilot \improbable that all the crew: lionrd hire 'been
attacked, and carried off by the. terrible Adiliease,- as
1 when she arrived in Kinsale the men who:yliadihitherp
escaped it were ; showing sYMptoms,,Cf, being
.attacked,
and Mr.-Bidwne, the commander,-' had been attacked
with it some days before, and `iras suffering to tin
Alarming extent,
.thoughhe ;persevered in reitiainingit
his post on. deek..; The revenue :cutter -BHA, Cekptiait. '
h aving juith, liKon,Tu:cktlay evening,
Iff'thb"Old'iredd of Kinsalle s‘e.Af- a; to4s on
ttift&d;'Wwhke aSSlSEtheeshevai ;AMY' tlion,ht
Iport. Two more of the crew died after the vessel
in port, and five were still in a very precarious state,

COURT AND OFFICIAL INfELLIGENCE.

The Queen and Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales,
Prince Arthur, Princess Alice, Princess Helena, and
Princess Louisa, the Duchess of Kent, and the Prince
and Princess of Leiningen, the Ladies and Gentlemen
of the Court, and the Domestic Household, attended
Divine service on Sunday morning in the private
chapel. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Windsor
performed the service, ana adMinistered the Holy
Sacrament.

The Prince Consort, with the Prince of Wales, rode
on horseback on Saturday forenoon. The Equerries in
Waiting attended.
Her Majesty paid a visit to her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Kent, at Frogmore.
The Queen, with the Princess Alice, walked in the
Home Park, and the Princesses Helena and Louisa took
equestrian exercise in the Riding House.
THE MINISTRY.—Lord John Russell has recovered
from the effects of his cold, and during the last few
days has attended daily at the Foreign Office, Downing-
street. His lordship returns every evening to his resi-
dence, Pembroke-lodge, Richmond-park.--Lord Pal-
merston arrived in town on Saturday, and paid a visit
to Lord John Russell at the Foreign-office. After the
interview the noble viscount quitted London, and
returned to Broadlands.—Earl Granville remains in
London.—Sir George Cornewall Lewis has gone on a
visit for a few days to Lord Clarendon at his country
seat.—The Duke of Newcastle, the Duke of Argyll,
Mr. Sidney Herbert, Sir Charles Wood, the Earl of
Elgin, . Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Cardwell, and Mr. Milner
Gibson, are all absent from London.

SNOW IN THE SOUTH OP EUROPE.—Acemmts from.
Naples of the 19th state that snow had fallen heavily in
and around that city, a circumstance very unusual is
that country. Letters from Genoa of the 19th announce
that an immense quantity of snow, such as had never
been witnessed before, fell last week in that city, and
had to be removed in carts.
BLONDlN.—A'gentleman living in Bedfbrdshire has
received a reliable letter from Canada, in which the
following passage occurs :—" You say some doubt
exists in England with regard to Blondin having crossed
the Falls of Niagara on a tight-rope. He crossed
several times, and did all that is reported in the news-
papers (not over the falls, but between them and the
suspension-bridge), drove wheelbarrows over, and carried
a man also on his back. There was a groove in the
wheel of the barrow to fit the rope."
MOVEMENT IN SUPPORT OF CHURCH-RATES.—A
large meeting of clerical and lay members of the Church
of England has been held at Boxford, Suffolk, Major
Parker, M.P., in the chair, to consider the present
position of the Church-rate question. It was resolved
that the efforts which are being made for the uncon-
ditional abolition of Church-rates, with the avowed
ulterior object of a separation of Church and State, call
loudly upon all friends of the Establishment to express
their sentiments upon the subject. Petitions to both
Houses of Parliament in favour of the existing system
were accordingly adopted.
ILLNESS OF MR. ALBERT SMITH.—We have much
satisfaction in stating that from enquiries made yesterday
morning the illness of Mr. Albert Smith has taken a
most favourable turn, and that all apprehension of
danger has been removed. This favourable change took
place at twelve o'clo"k on Sunday, and from that hour
until the time of writing has been progressing most
favourably. Mr. Rae has been constantly in attendance,
and with Dr. Reynolds and Mr. Oscar Clayton, pro-
nounce Mr. Smith out of danger, and the probability of•
his early convalescence. _ _

POLITICAL GOSSIP.---A Paris letter in the Nord says :
-" I am able to inform you that Lord John Russell
has sent an order to-Mr. Buchanan, at Madrid, not to
mention any more the payment of the debt, at all
events not for six months. I do not, however, think
that the Spanish Government will accept this putting
off the evil day. It will, at all events, have on its side
the public opinion of Spain. As to the new pamphlet, ,
whatever be its origin, it expresses the opinions of
the Emperor Napoleon on the Roman question. Esta-
blished :facts are recognised,-as indeed they must be,
since it is settled that there is to be no intervention.
Not, only France cannot interfere to restore-Romagna
to the Pope, but neither Austria nor Naples, nor the ,
Pope himself can interfere to replace the court of Rome
in 'possession of its ancient territory. The pamphlef
does not state whether Romagna will be independent or
united to another Italian state. This will, of course, be
settled by the Congress. If I am well informed, the
French plenipotentiaries, strongly opposed to annexa-
tion, will propose to join the Legations to Tuscany,
which will become a new kingdom of Central Italy."
WASHINGTON IRVING AND DE QUINCEY.—It is not
often that our fortnightly obituary contains at once two
such names as those of Thomas De Quincey and Wash-
ington Irving. Both had passed the allotted limit of,
man's life—the first having been born in Manchester '
in 1786, the latter in New York in 1783. The differ-
ence between the periods of their literary debut is more
considerable ; De Quincey published his " Confessions
of an English Opium Eater," the work by which he
first became famous, in the London Magazine, in 1821.
Irving's "Salmagundi" appeared in 1807, and in 1809
his famous " History of New York " was published,
and gained at once a popularity which has never yet
diminished. America can claim the credit of having
first,collected the scattered works of De Quincey, and the
honour of having paid the author for them. It was
Ticknor and Fields who, immediately after an article in
our Peleetie Review, had declared it "not probable that
a collected edition of his works would ever appear,"
determined to publish them, and offered the author a
share of the profits of the series. The offer was accepted,
and twenty volumes were the result ; but the edition
since published by Messrs. Hogg, of Edinburgh, with
whom De Quincey was connected for many years before
his =death, is better knovin to English readers. En re-
vanche, England can lay claim to some share in the fame 7
of Washington Irving—not only because his mother was)
eb°ll6)l(salell,l'e'rBin4 ;
asonEmengolfishhiswboesmat
wn
oarnkdshmi father
tat Se
nc oht
ecrhem a n—T ebyuctebretcaai
nu
Is;
with-i
for the h nobme r
.lme
Englishuencouragement of fromd
,paßi
paid
aEle n,eog
orl soi d
guineashg
out having seen the MS. ; for the " Conquest of.
Granada," £2,000, and for the "Life of Columbus,".
3,000 guineas. A sojourn of seventeen years in Europe,
—the greater part of' which time was spent in London'
—had indeed long accustomed our literary circles to
regard Washington Irving as their own. Irving re-
turned to New York in 1832 ' • and after another visit,
to Europe,, and a sojourn of four years in Madrid, as
United States Minister there, finally returned in 1846
to his native land, where he died. He had just com-
pleted his "Life of Washington," by the publication of
this fifth volume—a fitting work to close his long and
sticcessfulliteriry career.—Publishers' Circular.

ssgorting 3attitigtur,e.

STEEPLE CHASE FIXTURES FOR 1860.
JANVARY.
Manchester
4
Carmarthenshire.7, 9
'' '' .28 GA-branerYclBMtwiliitth2' P6ar.y4
''
Der'.ly Midland— .23 I
I (N'tlarrpton)293i)
Teasinabyinahain
12,
113 I PerabKrAotkeci(Annuall3 I Coventry 14
- _ _

---
RACING FIXTURES FOR 1360.
ranavaity.
lAncollaiuig ...la i NottinglvintSpring I Derby Spring 23
1
MARCH.
Liverpool Spring...6,l Coventry Spring 13 I Northampton__ 27
Shrewsbury Spring I Warwick Spring 20 I Crorton Park 33
NeWrnarket a 9 I
Thirsk l2 I:Sphiaiii Spring ...19
patterick Bridge.ll I Donoaster spring 17 Nevnekt P. S. ...23

INUEXTO THE CV
Abingdon Jan 3
Ascot
Bath 3
Beverley 3
Bibtaxy Club ' 3.
Brighton 3
Catterick Bridge 3
Cheater Spring • 3
Derby Summer
'Doncaster ' ' 3
ligham ,
gpsom Spring . ~. .
pfil+m Summer 3
,cloodwood .
Lincoln
Liverpool Spring •

)SING OF STAKES.
Liverpool July Jan 3
Manchester , 3
Newmarket ..... '•lr • • 3
Northampton
Nottingham Spring.... 8
Worcester 3
Nottingham J. 3
0 di hs.ro
Plymouth
Reading
Salisbury '
Stockbridge . ~ „ 3
Stockton . .......
Warwick Sp," '
Warwick A 3
ne 3
Pt.
-Jester

•
• COT'

imtits ;FOR 114;4
wo: ~neumeigit; • .
Viektrer• Mr. •M`George 2
Sardtanor':.=;.,...;..Oile, k:(Open),'Y'orkshire: 'llcadl7"2S;Y, r,2„7, 2"1,
follow' man uilipt(Ppsa),l.Edißbtirgiv: Mr, A, Dalge,ll, at, an..
4lng . •
flighoei Caitla,LSalott': Mr.. Warwick; 28. ' .114
North of England (Greenridge), Northumberland Mr.
Coxon, 28.
Great Crosby, Lancashire : 29.
Cbillington, Staffordshire Mr. WarWickr 29, 30.