Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-09-04 00:00:00

TEE LICENSING SESSION.

The magistrates presiding were Msssrs. Aikin J. H.
Turner, T. Bolton and Sands. Tao chief business
transacted yesterday, was the consideration of suspended
licenses. The case of Mr. Wickham, of Lime-street, so
recently before the public was considered, and the license
was renewed.

The license of Sane Wilkinson, of Copperas hill, was
reported against by the police, and the ewe
coming within tha act of parliament, the license was
withdra

The license of Jonathan Wyme, of the " J lly Beggars"
public house, Vauxhall-road, was reported ag dust on the
ground that the landlord received £2O from the keeper of
an improper house, which money was proved to have been
stolen. The license was withdrawn.

FREDERICK SAUVAGE, ORIG(NATOR OF THE SCREW PRO-
PELLEII.—Tae Courier du Havre says :—Frederick
Sanvage, who was the first to conceive tho idea of apply.
big the screw as an auxiliary of steam, died two days ago
in a maison de sante of the Ruo Picpus, to which place he
had been removed about two years ago, when his reason
le't him in csnssquenc4 of chagrins of differetat kiuds. His
fortune and health had been ruined by his tabours in
scientific discoveries.. His discovery of the system of
screw navigation May be disputed, but no one can deny
that the isnion of the two systems was his entire wells.. Ile
long resided at La Perrey, near Havre, and it was there
that he made the first experiments of the screw. lle had
constructed a tonsil boat, which he had navigated in a
large tub which he had sunk in his garden. Tice Empe-or
more than once gave him assistance in money, and when
Sauvage's state ot mind required that ho should be placed
in a unison de sante it was his Majesty who took on him-
self the payment of the expenses.
TASMANIA AND VICTORIA CONTRACTED.—There is a
marked difference between Tasmania and Victoria, which
has same effects in favouring the accumulation of money
capital here.. The practice of selling land in place of
granting it was adopted in 1831, by what are known Es
Lard ltipon's regulations. This was shortly after the
publication of Edward Gibbon Wakelishi's letter nous
Sydney, containing his plan for selling land at a fixed
uniform price, and devoting the proceeds to the transmis-
sion of young couples or young people of both sexes to the
colonies. Ifefsre that the Governinen:t, desiring to change
the character of Van Diemau'a Land from a territorial
gaol to a colony, had offered great encouragement to-free
emigrants of the employing class. Stich' as could show
that they had capital obtained a maximulu, grant of 2,400
acres, and were a'so as-,icued servants to cultivate it.
Having improved the first grant, they had no difficulty in
obtaining another and another. In this way a body of
Country gentlemen grew up, and there are now many
beautiful estates with large parks around the mansions,
wit's enclosures surrounded with white thorn hedges, inter-
sected by good roads managed by the resident owners.
These gentlemen form the body of the csuntry magistracy,
and often represent their c,unties in the Legislature. Many
of them have become wealthy, but nearly all they have
made has gone to the improvement of their estate an I the
increase of their flacks and herds, and their gains do not
materially swell the annual amount of capital seeking
inve,tment in the ordinary securities. In this colony we
have no suh class. There may be a few persons who
dwell upon their own " purchased' land," and have built
g:od homesteads; but they are not numerous enough to
form a distinct and conspicuous class. The Colony was
not settled until long after the land regulations of 1831
had b en in full operation, and it was settled by squatters
who acquired no permanent interest in the soil, but only a
temporary raid revocable interest in the herbage. These
"pastoral tenants of the Crown" divided the whole country
among them. Gradually the great squatters succeeded in
squeezing cut the smaller squatters.' They have always
looked with dissatisfaction upon the progress of cultivation,
and they hese been usually at war with the rest of society
to secure a perpetuation of their monopoly, and prevent
the progress of settlements which they regarded as en-
croaching their vested rights.

THE LIVERPOOL GRAND FLORAL AND
HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION.

The third and last Exhibition of Plants, Flowers, Fruits,
and Vegetables, for the present season, took place at the
Botanic Gardens, yesterday. Unfortunately the weather
was very unfavourable for such a display, and was the
cause of deterring many thousands from visiting the gar-
dens, and thus ame•ee and instruct themselves in viewing
the beautiful specimens collected together with so much
care and industry by the cultivators, to afford gratification
to the spectators But notwithstanding this most
material drawback, the exhibition itself was all that
could be desired, indeod for the season of the year, it was
far beyond what could have been expected, both in regard
to the number of plants and the beauty of their foliage.
The show of fruits and vegetables was very large, and
some magnificent specimens of grapes, pine apples,
peaches, apples, and pears were exhibited, and were
universally admired by all who had the pleasure Of
inspecting thorn. Tice prize list will show who were
the principal contributors in that department of the
exhibition.

Amongst the plant! were splendid exotic orchidacem
and stove and green .house plants, the principal exhibitors
being Mr. Adam Farrie, Mr. H. llornby, and Mr. J.
B. Leatherbarrow. The former gentlemen also Contri-
buted a collection of fern.' and heaths, and was awarded
with the first prizes. In fuschias, Mr, G. Holt stood
pre-eminent, while Mr. C. Rylance carried off all the
prizes for pelargoniums, as he also did those for verbenas.
Mr. Griffith's roses wore most beautiful, and won the
prizes offered, there being scarcely any other contributor.
In the fruit department, some magnificent peaches were
sent, not for competition, by Sir P. Egerton, of Oulton
hall ; gardener, R. Errington, and they were much
admired. Same exceedingly neat devices in flowers were
also exhibited, and attracted much attention. The wax
flowers were as usual ve y beautiful, and reflects the
highest credit oh the taste and judgement of the lady
mann' olator, who succeeded in carrying off the prizes
Altogether the show was most excellent, every specimen
exhibited having been brought to such a state of per-
fection, that it might fairly bii comparison with any other
in the kingdom.
As we have said before, the weather was most un-
favourable, for just before the hour appointed for throwing
the exhibition open to the public, the rain descended in
torrents, and literally drenched the fair spectators who were
waiting to gain a im;ssion, and caused the interior of the tent
to be exceedingly unpleasant, from the fact that it came with
such force that it entered the roof, and caused the ground
to be one mass of mu 1. Had it not been fJr this
untoward event all would have passed off with the
greatest eclat, the' arrangements of the committee, under
the superintendence of Mr. J. B. Leatherborrow, the
indefatigable secretary, baying been most excellent.
The following gentlemen were selected to perform t' .e
onerous duty of judges, and their decisions gave universal
satisfaction.

F.)r Pia its —Me.srs. Hanan, Sadley, and Thomas; fur
Fruits and Vegetables—Messrs. Devonport and Thorog Pod ;
and fur Florist Flowers —Messrs. Teeby, &fortis, and
Ta 3 lor.

The following is the list of prizes awarded to each
contributor :

GROUPS OF PLANTS.

Heaths, six specimens, (greenhouse) all distinct varieties
—First prize, Mr. A. Farrie, gardener Henry Williams ;
see-md and third not awarded.
fteaths, four specimens, (g men-house) all distinct varieties
—First prize, Mr. A. Farrie, second and third not
awarded.
Fwchias, six specimens, all distinct varieties and grown
on one stem—First prize, Mr. G. Holt, gardener C.
Waring; second Mr. J. B. Leatherbarrow, gardener C
Jones ; third not awarded.
Faschias, four specimens, all distinct varieties and grown
on one st ma—FirEt prize, Mr. G. Holt ; second, Mr. R.
Benn gardener Edward Clarke; third, Mr. A. S. Gladstone,
gardener J. Grant.
Pelarg niums eight specimens all distinct varieties—
_ _

First prize, Mr. C. Rylance : second and third not
awarded.
Pelargoniums, four specimens, all distinct varieties—First
prize, not awarded ; seconi, Mr. G. Arkle, gardener David
Austerloni ; third, Mr. C. Rawden, gardener D. Reid.
Pelargoniums, six specimen., fancy varieties, all distinct
--First prize, Mr. C Rylance, own gardener ; second,
ditto ; third, no name mentioned.
Pelargoniums, six specimens, scarlet, white, and pink --
First prize, Mr. G. Arkle; second, Mr. C. Rylance; third,
not awarded.

Roses, eight specimens, in pats, all distinct varieties—
First priz-s, Mr. R. Griffith, own grower; second, ditto;
third, not awarded.
Roses, four specimens, in 'lois:, alt diatinat • varieties—
First, second, and third prizes, Mr. R. Griffith.
Achimenes, four specimens, all distinct varieties, in pins
—First prize, Mr W. R Sandbach, gardener T. Davidson ;
second, Mrs. Lorimer, gardener, R. ; third, not
awarded.

Verbenas, six specimens in pots, all distinct varieties—
First prize, Mc C. Rylance, own gArdener ; second, Mr.
R. Ashcroft, own gardener ; third, Mr. J. Gray, own
gardener. _

Petunias, six specimens in pots, all distinct varieties—
First prize, Mr. J. Gray, own gardener; second, Mr. R.
Ashcrofr, own gardener; third, Mr. G Holt.
Ca,lceolaria., six specimens, all distinct varieties—First
p-siz., Mr. C. _Rylance, own garsien:T; second and third
prizes, not awarded.
Gloxinias, six specimens —First prize, name unknown ;
second, Mr. R Benu; third, not awa•ded.

Liliums, four specimens, all distinct varieties —First
prize, Mr. R. Griffiths, own growar ; seend, Mr. I.
Hadwin, gardener, J. Armstrong; third, not awarded.
Ferns, eight specimens—First and second prizes, Mr.
I. Haiwin, gardener, J. Armstrong; third, Mc. A Farrie.
Lycopidums, six specirnans —First prize, Mr A. Farrie;
second, Mss Lahr, gardens-,, J. Glover; third, Mr. I.
Hadwin, gardener, J. Armstrong.
Pansies, six specimens, growa in pots—First prizs, not
awarded ; second and third prizes, Mr. C. It:Janes.