Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-02-10 00:00:00

COTTON.

The able and interesting speech of the Chairman
of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, (Mr. C.
BUSIIELL), this week, must have been perused, we
are sure, with no ordinary satisfaction, not only by
such as, are engaged either in the trade or the
manufacture of Cotton, but by all who can appre-
ciate the importance of that product to the material
interests and the commercial intercourse of the
two great countries that are at present more im-
mediately concerned—the one in its growth, the
other in its consumption. The question ef a due sup-
plyef so staple an article is to both England and
Ainerica a vital question. " I believe," said Mr.
BUSHELL, "it is a question which not only con-
cerns our manufacturers,. but which concerns our
agriculturists; which concerns our shipowners,
our merchants, our artisans,. and our labourers,
and every interest which is bound up in, this great
empire of ours." And so dry w©' believe. The
remark was, made with reference more especialiy
to the necessity of seeking enlarged supplies of
Cotton—more particularly through its extended
eultivatiore in: India. And this' without any
decrease or our supplies from America. For, as
the hon. gentleman added, " I am persuaded that

I address mew who will live to see,• if they live
the• natural period of their lives,. double the
preeent Cotton= orop,. and I' believe- I may say
treble, considered- as not one bale-- too much
for the necessities of the world." But let us

confine ourselves..prineipally, for the- present, to
our transatlantic• supplies. Let us j..st take a
cursory glance at the state of the case as regards
our demands upon the United States fov that one

product. of their agriculture
the greatest staple "of. all in our manufacturing

—the raw raatertal of

interest

We falai for instance+ and in the first place;. that

during.the last quarter, of a century—to, go no
A
farther back—they have increased their exporta-
tions of mutton from the United States, from.some
two or three hundred millions of pounds, to,nearly
a billion and a-half of. pounds annually. Now,
let it be remembered. what a. billion is ; for Ads so
vast an amount, that. we are not all, of
us, perhaps, sufficiently familiar with it, as
the immense aggregate of quantity that
it. is. A billion is a million of millions. So ,that
if we take the amount exported twenty-five years
ago at twolundred an& fifty millions of pounds,
which it was about, and. compare it with._ the
present amount, say of a: billion and a-half, we, see
that the increase has been. sixfold in that compara-
tively short.period. Ar_i„not much more than half
a Century. before that, be it recollected, the exllort
of it was,nd. The price dazing the last twenty-
five years has fluctuatedlas much as from six cents

to sixteen cents per pound. At present the price
in News- Orleans is, we suppose, about twelve
cents per. pound. And the total value of Cotton
exported the year before. last—the latest official
account We have nt hand—amounts to nearly a
hundred and thirty millions of dollars, or twenty-
six millions of pounds., sterling. And by fax•the
largest portion of this, immense export of Cotton
is to England and; Scotland. France takes
&bank a sixth-Lany.siaci. Spain, the Hanse Thwns,
andi one or two other• countries a tenth among
them altogether. It is;much the same, it is true,
with the exports. of the United States generally.
Taing those of their domestic produce at, say
three hundred awl twenty millions of
dollars value. in! the year which we
believe is somewhere about the amount—
nearly one bundrod and thirty millions. of it is
to Great Britain,. And more than a third of the
amount of the. general exports of such produce,
as we have shown, is Cotton. Our own exports

of cotton manufactures, again, evjdence very
forcibly the vastness of the value at this internal
produm They amount, we believe, to some -
where about forty millions of pounds sterling
annually,—and they are still increasing,—more
than one-third of which are to the United States.
The exports of cotton manufactures, in short,
amount to nearly a third of our exports of the
principal articles of do. mestic produce.
Now, a staple production of this immonse value
must not be crippled for want of the raw material,
under any circumstances—if it is at all possible to
present it. America may fail—it is apprehended
to be very likely to fail—in furnishing us with the
requisite supply. But we have other sources open
to us, if we will only insist upon, and aid in, their
being cultivated. We have our own territory of
India, not only capable of supplying us with
Cotton in abundance, but the very doing
of which is a means of native industry, and
colonial enterprize, absolutely necessary to secure
the future peace and prosperity of that country,
as a British possession. Most truly did Mr.
BUSHELL declare,—" I believe it is not a manu-
facturer's question. I believe that it is merely a
question of progress and a question of civilisation.
I believe that it is. the great question of India,
and I believe that it is the great question of
Africa." And well, therefore, did he add,—" I
trust that we shall never cease to agitate this
question, believing that the prosperity of Great
Britain, the progress of her commerce, the
strengthening of her national position, the main-
tenance of that supremacy which she has over the
other nations of the world, and the continuance of
her peace at home, are all alike dependent upon an
ample and abundant supply of cotton."

BANBURY ELECTION..-.YESTERDAY

CLOSE OP THE POLL

Samuelson 177
Hardy
Miall llB
Mr. Samuelson is thus returned, and the Conservative
candidate defeated by a majority of one.

ILLNESS OF THE HEREDITARY DUCHESS
OF TUSCANY.

DRESDEN, Wed.nesday, Feb. 9,

. •
The Dresden Journal published •:(01 extra edition, in
which it is announced that the Ifereeditary Grand Duchess
of Tuscany, daughter of the King of Saxony, has fallen
seriously ill, at Naples. •
On Sunday, at her desire, she received the sacrament,
Yesterday's news state that she is 49 worso,

LOCAL INTELLIGENCE.

THE MARCO PoLo.—The steam-tug, Retriever, arrived
at Queenstown, reports leaving the Marco Pblo, from
Liverpool for Australia, on the Bth inst., at four o'clock
in the afternoon, some hundred miles west of that
harbour ; wind S.S.W. ; strong breeze.
TRINITY Cannon' Sr. ANNE-IMEET.—We understand
that; Mr. Tommaso Radcliffe, organist' of St. George's
and Trinity Churches, has kindly promised to be in
attendance, on Friday evening next, at half-past seven
o'clock, in order to afford an opportunity to those who are
desirous of hearing the new organ. recently erected in this
church, by Messrs. Gray and Davidson, of London and
Liverpool. The adoption of hydraulic pressure to the
purpose of working the bellows has been moat successful.

FRIGHTFUL PUNISHMENT.—Yesterday, at the Police-
court, a man was charged before Mr. Mansfield, for stealing
eleven oranges, from a ship, at which he was working in
the docks. His Worship said, if he had the power, he
would sentence the prisoner to—eat the oranges. What
frightful punishment but as he had not that power, he
mould sentence him to pay a fine of ten shillings- It
was strongly suspected the man would, have chosen the
former "punishment" (?) if he had his'ethoice.
LIVtRPOOL BANKRUFIteIt COURT, Yemarday

Mr, Commissioner Perry.—ln re William Wilcox.—.•
This bankrupt, formerly s ship-chandler in Liverpool,
came up on application for his certificate. Mr. Clarke
Aspiioll, who appeared for the bankrupt, applied for an
adjournment till after the hearing of a petition then
before the Court, with referelne to the barkimpt's pro-
perty. Mr. Duke, for the assignees, assented, and His
Honour adjourned the case till the 19th Febrility.
STEs.3t BOILERS.—We saw yesterday, in the possession
of our townsman, Mr. John Clam, jun., the model of a
locomotive boiler, made without w rivet through the back
of the plates, which, contrasted with the present mode of
attaching plates together by holes and rivets, presents
efficient advattages to railway companies, inasmuch as a
far higher psessure is attainable, without increasing., the
weight df the boiler. In fact, the structure has merit,
and we have heardd it has been highly; spoken of by some
of ' the staff- of one of the most important railway

MARINE DMETERS. —Several disasters at sea were
reported yesterday. - The Pangan, from Liverpool to
Dublin, has 'sunk off the Skerries. Marchioness, cf
Alga, from Truen: to Demerara, has ran ashore at
Greenock. The Ludore, from Sunderland, to Swansea, is;
leaky, at Havre. The Smilex, of Hull, has sunk in the
Hrumber. The Anne, of Newcastle, is ashore at Orford.
The William, from: Plymouth, is damaged at Shields.
The Caroline Reed;.from Plymouth to' Charleston, is
leaky at Whitby.
MERCANTILE MARINE. SERVICE ASSOCIATFON OF LIVER-
roor--The frigate Conway, presented by the Admiralty
to this association for. the purpOse of a, school ship,
arrived in the Mersey last evening, under, the charge
of Mr. Paul, of the Devonport • dockyard. She was towed
round to Liverpool by. H. M. S. Virago, Commander
Dunne,- and came to anchor off B,irkenhe-Al dock wall,
where she will remain for a few days, until her perma- .
neat moorings are laid down near Rock-ferrr slip. The ,
Virago and Conway were-met off the Bell Bacon by the
chairman and several of the council of the association,
on board the fine steamer Sea King, which +was placed
at their disposal by Mr. H. J. Ward.
LECTURES ON JERUSALEM, TURKEY, AND GiMMANY.
We call attention to thee lectures of the new 'William
Graham, D:D., and if trairels, labours, languages, and
literature constitute any title to distinction, Li. Graham
is no ordinary man. He.has spent the last seventeen
years as a missionary to the Jews ; five of these were
passed in Damascus, two in Hamburgh, andi seven in
Bonn. lifelas sewn the Tiber, the Seine, and Nile the
Orontes, the Jordan, -and.the valley of the Etiphrates:
He has preached on the three rivers of Germany the
Rhine, the Elbe, and the. Danube. He has r. read the
holy Scriptures in fourteen languages, and preached
them in six; and, no doubt, his lectures will be instructive
as well as interesting.
ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETZE.—The fortnightly:- meeting
of this society was held last evening in the Royal Insti-
tution, Colqpitt-street, Mn P. H. Horner, president, in
the chair. The following. nations were ackaewledged
by the secretary :—A code. of laws from the Society of
Fine Arts, Liverpool, and, the pamphlets putlished by
Mr. M'Govran and Mr. Newlands, in reference to the
sanitary condition of Liverpool. The secretary exhibited
a small model' of the schools built at Roby,.. for Mr.
Thomas Moss, The paper for the evening was then read,
the subject of which was " On experience ins warming
with hot air," by Mr. Hazard. A conversation ensued,
and the members then separated.

MANDER'S EXHIBITION...---THE ONLY ROMAIL, EXHI-
BITION AT' PRESENT IN LIYERPOOL.—OUT readers will
perceive that a treat addition has been made to the
collection now e.xibitinf,:at the bottom of Shaw's-brow.
Amon,rst the• many introductions to their company is
one of the•mosOnterestirb. species of the monkey tribe,
now introduced to the narice of the Liverpocl public, in
the shape•of a.chimpanz,ee, now landing from. a vessel in
this port-. The peculiar characteristics of this animal
have been. so Well dilated upon by Professor Owen, in his
recent lecture at the Royal Institution, in London, upon
this especial arrival, that a reference to the report of the
proceedings alone is revisite, as it appeare&in the Times
of Monday last. A visit will well repay all who take
the least interest in natural curiosity.
LECTURES AT HOR'E-HALL. --We are Brien to under-
stand that Mr. Kidd, the celebrated naturalist, is about
to visit Liverpool, and that he has undertaken to give
three lectures in the, Hope-hall. The subjects chosen
appear to. be of a. more than ordinarily interesting
character. The lb:st, "A Genial Gossips about Birds,"
&c. Every body, loves to hear birds, but very few know
thewhy- or wherefore, and it must be something attrac-
tive to be told by one who is himself. familiar with the
subject, the history and character of the little songrsters
that we all so much delight in. The second, " Old Heads
on Young Shoulders," is a subject whieh we understand
has been handled by Mr.. Kidd to. the satisfaction of
thousands, who have been fortunateenough to hear him,
as it is one capable of drawing the attention of
both young and old, as it concerns both. The,
" The power of kindness over all nature." We shoald,
think this subject well chosen, foz it is a fact that kind,
• ties; even to the fiercest nature; is capable of appresia-.
ton. We have seen numerous notices of this lecturer in
the newspapers, and there can be no doubt that he will,
sustain in Liverpool the high reputation that he already
bears throughout the country.

PROVIDENT CLERKS' BEIaI'OLENT FUND.—We• have
for so many years had the pleasure of directing public
attention to the merits of the above excellent institution,
that we have little left to add to our former remarks. It
is, however, a source of real gratification to its to find
that the past year has been by far the most prosperous
which we have been celled on to record for many years
in the history of the Fund, no less a sum than
£2,500 having been added to its means of usefulness.
Some portion of this is owing to the successful
dinner of the Fund in May last, a sufficient
proof of the interest taken by the public. in its welfare,
and of the utility of such means of publicity—while the
election in May next, of six more annuitants, shows that
the managers of the fund, while observing the rules of
prudence, are anxious to extend to the legitimate re-
cipients those benefits which have been obtained by their
zealous and able advocacy of the interests of the in-
stitution. It must, indeed, be a source of gratification
to those who have devoted so much time and labour
to this worthy object, to seo its present position among
the best of its class, with a capital of nearly .£19,00U,
with annuitants receiving. upwards of nine hundred
pounds per annum, and having distributed large sums, in
gratuities and other forms of assistance to the distressed,
it has, we trust, realised all the hopes of its benevolent
founders. It has yet, however, wo doubt not, t; wider and
still more important field of operations before it. If sup-
ported as it fully deserves, not the aged and afflicted alone,
but the orphan, to whom education is a necessity scarcely
second to bread itself, will look to its fostering care for sup-
port and assistance. A desire which we cannot too highly
praise has sprung up among its members to found a school
where the children of deceued members may be main-
tained, and fitted for struggle with the world by
judicious and careful ter.ching. It was enough to name
so good an object, to 'secure at once the hearty co-opera-
tion of the kind tiearted treasurer, John Abel Smith,
Esq., whose servie.ms to the fund merit the warmth with
which his name is always received by the members, and
we cordially wish that the day may not be far distant
when the he;pe expressed at the meeting may be realised.
To no worthier channel can the efforts of the clerks and
the spupathy and assistance of the wealthy be directed.
—Sun.

MR. MAYER'S GREAT SALE OF ANTIQUITIES.— Messrs.
Leigh, Sotheby, and Wilkinson commenced the sale on
Monday, at their rooms, in Wellington-street, London, of
the well-known collection of Assyrian, Babylonian,
Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan, Roman, Indian, Peruvian,
Mexican, and Chinese antiquities, formed by Mr. B.
Hertz, and now the property of Mr. Joseph Mayer, of
this town. The sale was attended by a great number of
amateurs and collectors, and in several instances the
biddings were marked by much spirit, and remarkable
eagerness was manifested to obtain specimens of the rare
and' valuable objects for disposal. Among the more
remarkable lots sold were the following : —The first
was a small Egyptian goddess or queen, probably of
Iris or Nephthys, which sold for £6 6s; an intaglio,
a sardonyx, a full front head of Jupiter Serapis, ; an
emerald, similar subject, £25 10s; an • antique cameo, a
gardOnyX of three strata, subject Ganymede, with the
Ihrygian cap, and the paslc 9f Jupiter, 4§ a head of

Jupiter, a fragment, £7; &sardonyx, representing Latina
fleeing from the pursuing dragons, £7 lOs ; another, a
winged head of Medusa, £7. Statues—A very digd
figure of Minerva, 4,-1 inches, £lO ' • another of the same
goddess, with a helmet on, her head, the COnerepresenting a sphynx, £l5; a very beautifully'
executed figure of _ Young Mars, wearing
helmet, his right hand lifted to repose .on 3
lance, which, however, is now wanting,. £59
a Venus, standing flaked, holding a broad
twisted wreath en her right hand, one of the finest pro-
ductions of Greek art ; even the minutest details are
executed with great grace and beauty, and in admirable
preservation ; found near Mogla, in Asia Minor, 1.31
inches, sold to Mr. Webb for £125. A silver statuette
of Venus, the neck and left arm adorned with rings of
twigod gold wire; and, from the necklaoc is suspended ao
oriental pearl, Gil inches; £2B ; a head of' Apollo, adorned

"Pith a rich groWth of hair, 61 inches, £lO. Fictile vases
A vase with a black figure of (Enochce on a whiteground,
three draped Bacchantes. dancing, l3 inches, £l5 104
bought by the Duke of Manchester; an amphora?
Hercules and the Erymanthian boar, 1 foot, 4i inches?.
£ll7 bought by the Duke of Manchester ; an armphorar
Heresies Musagetes holding the lyre, and other figures,'
1 foot Winches, £lO 15s ; an: amphora, Achilles, cruleu
at all points, dragging the body of Eteetor, various ether
figures, wz3ll known and engraved; 1 foot 8f inches, £s7`%
an amphora,. Hercules in a quadrigf, driven by Minerva,'
86c.; 1 foot 81; inches, £l5 15s ;. a. fresco. painting. frosty'
Pompeii,. repreSenting Venus and; Adonis, £l5 los, It
inches by 9, inches ; another, representing Cupid ape'
Psyche, 81 inches square, both formerly in the possessing'
of the late Duke. of Sussex, £l2 12A; an encaustic paint-
ing from Herculaneum, representing,a,nympli seated, 10
inches by 8 inches, £26. The .proceeds of the day's sale
amounted to £Bl9.

RETURN OF Ati EMIGRANT very erroneous
statement having appeared in a localcoteraporary, and
also in a Dublin paper, in regard tc, the return of the
Israc Webb, one-4 the favourite " Black. Ball" line of
American packets; it is right to refute:it- in. the
manner. We tlifilk the addbess- to ti
&c., of that noble n will dispose of the

which, it appear

propo. iedres:

)llowir.

stronge-

captai•
ettiumni±

11l not be allowed to rest without

lowing is the document

On board the Han

st Queen,

River Mersey,