The Northern Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-04-01 00:00:00

THE ORLEANISTS AND LEGITIMISTS.

The Independance Beige publishes the following
letter from the Duke de Nemours to a friend :
‘. Claremont, Jan. 25

' My dear sir,—ln a letter from M. le Comte de
Chambord, written upon the occasion of the death of
Nit do Salvandy, and publiohod in the papoia, there
occurs a sentet es which represents the reconcilia-
tion accomplished in 1853 as one of the firmest
guarantees for the future condition of France.

"This sentence, as we have since ascertained,
has a meaning with respect to which it is now no
longer possible to entertain any doubt, and its
effect must be to lead the public to believe in
engagements on our part which my brothers and I
have never contracted. We are therefore most
unwillingly compelled to depart from the silence
which we had determined upon preserving in regard
to our relations with M. le Comte de Chambord.

"The fact is that when, in a spirit of conciliation,
I went to M. lu Comte de Chambord, I
only did so upon the formal asssurance that
this step did not involve any engagement on our
part. In expressing to him then our sincere desire
to see France call him one day to the throne, and
our wish to devote all our efforts to obtain such a
result at a fitting opportunity, I was far from
offering him our blind and undefined co-operation.
Its conditions were, of course, to be determined
by a previous understanding. These conditions,
on our side, would have been resumed in three
principal points, which our convictions, as well as
the respect, due to the past history of our family,
forbid us ever to abandon : _

" 1. The maintenance of the tricoloured flag,
which is now in the eyes of France, the symbol of
the new state of society, and the expression of the
principles consecrated since 1789
" 2. The re-establishment of a constitutional
government.
" 3 The concurrence of the national will in the
re establishment of this form of government, and in
the recall of the dynasty.
" Of these three points one only was. entered
i upon by ine with M. le Comte de Chambord during

his visit to Nervi, and the result of our conversation
was such that I felt myself called upon to inform
him that so long as this matter remained undecided
all community of views between him and ourselves
was impossible. Since then, this state of things
having to our great regret remained unaltered, and
the bare notion of a previous understanding being
rejected by M, le Comte de Chambord, it has
become incumbent upon us to put a stop to
attempts, at present useless, in favour of ad
agreement.
" We sincerely regret not having been more suc-
cessful in our endeavours to reunite under the
same flag all shades of the constitutional party,
for we should be thereby still serving France.
Our resolution is henceforth to await events, and
to take counsel on each occasion from reason and
our duties towards our country —Receive, my dear
sir, Sic., Louis D' ORLEANS."

ITALY.

TURIN, MARCR 27

Since I announced to you by telegraph the recall I
of the Austrian ambassador f torn Turin, and of the
Sardinian from Vienna, I have been using every
endeavour. in every direction, to obtain some idea
of the effect these two events have had upon pub•
lie opinion here. But, first., let me contradict
a -report which has been basely circulated by the
Austro•priest party here—that Count Cavour,
seeing to what danger such a rupture may lead,
took every possible means to convince Count Paar
that the fortifications of Alexandria were not in.
tended as a threat to Austria, but a prudent means
of defence for Piedmont ; that Count Paar made
some very strong demands for the restriction of
the press, to which Count Cavour could not agree ;
but that the danger of his refusal was so apparent,
that he lost not a moment in appealing for protec-
tion to the great Powers. Now, be assured that
there is not one word of truth in either of
these reports ; that Count Count Cavour acted with
that frankness and independence which are his
characteristics ; and that as soon as Count Paar
declared his intention of leaving Turin, Count
Cavour asked and obtained permission from the
King to recall the Sardinian ambassador from
Vienna. I believe, however, that the Austrian
ambassador attempted to prevent this, hoping that
Count Cavour would fall into the trap, and,
leaving the Sardinian ambassador at Vienna, by
so doing confess an inferiority to Austria.
Now, as to the public opinion, Members of the
Chamber of Deputies, on the subject being intro-
duced, smile, and say these is nothing in it. Ask
another question, or reason upon it, and they look
grave, and finish by confessing the affair may turn
out very serious, and that there is great danger of
a collision and a rupture. Among the merchants
and rich bourgeois they smile at the departure of the
ambassador, wishing him a pleasantiourney, as he
is a good riddance, and_the war long expected is
buun to take place. But the people, the labouring
population, take the common sense view of the
matter, and confess that the two recalls are a de-
claration of war. They talk about 1848; say
that war has its miseries ; but as it must come,
so much the better, we shall be quit of the
" Croats," and have Italy to ourselves, and then
all will have plenty of work.
They have for some time been speaking of great
increase to the Austrian troops in the garrison in
Venice and Lombardy, and these reports seem con
firmed within these two days, thus showing that the
recall of Count Paar was connected with warlike
measures. But Austrian diplomacy cannot get on
without quibble, or they wish to blind the Pied-
montese by pointing out in their official papers
that recalls of ambassadors are quite of a different
signification to passports being sent. Your publi-
cation of Count Ilayneval's despatch, however, has
given a sad blow to any faith in diplomatic papers;
and we have only to look to history which shows
that almost invariably immediate, war follows the
recalls of ambassadors. The Piedmontese and
Austrians are two such different peoples that the
merest trifle may cause a collision, and that means
war.

A strange circumstance has occurred a Venice.
The and of March was the anniversary of the
driving of the Austrians out of Venice. By some
extraordinary legerdemain,- tricolor flags instead of
Austrian were fluttering in the theatre, and they
were hoisted in the Place St. Mark, and on the

Imperial Arsenal, and they even say on the
admirals' ships. This confirms what I have
heard, that the population on the other side of the
Po and Ticino are much agitated.
But the most significant symptom of all is the
strutting about of the priests. They are in all
the secrets of Austria ; in short, they are Austrians,
and supporters of despotism, and they are not only
in the centre of this small constitutional kingdom,
but they insinuate themselves into the secrets of
all families, so they are a most dangerous class
to liberty and progress. The Jesuits are now at
the head of all education in the other States of
Italy. In 1855, the President of the Chamber of
Deputies, M, Cadorno, showed to the Chamber that
there are in Piedmont 23,000 ecclesiastics, exclu

sive of those in seminaries, novices, and connected
with the service of the church ; in all, about 45 000,
the present strength of the Sardinian army. But
say 23,000—that is, there is a clergyman in Pied
mont for every 214 inhabitants, while in concordat
Austria there is only a priest to every 610, and in
Belgium to every 600. But Sardinia con-
sists of Savoy, Piedmont, and the Island of
Sardinia. In Savoy, one for 420 ;in Piedmont, one
for 227 ; and in the Island of Sardinia there is a
clergyman for every 127 inhabitants. I have often
mentioned how- they encumber the streets of every
town. The revenue of the church is about .17
millions of francs ; while in Belgium, with a
population nearly the same as Piedmont, the
church revenue is about four millions. Piedmont
possesses 7 archbishops, 34 bishops, 17 abbeys and
priories, and 1,417 canonries. Forty-one prelates
here have among them per- annum about a mil-
lion of francs, which is nearly equallin amount to
the stipends of all France, which has a population
eight times greater than Piedmont. Some of the
bishops here have incomes of 10(1,000 francs,
double the allowance pf the primate of the church
in France, and more than all the prelates of Bel-
gium receive The revenues of the cathedrals
and chapters in this country are more than 12
millions of francs—about double those of all
France, and ten times more than all Belgium.
They have here 71 monastic orders, 604 religious
bouooe, about 0.000 novices, who for their idleness
receive nearly 2i million francs. There are 4,481
parishes—total income about five millions. Some
parish priests have 12,000 f per annum—more than
a French bishop—but many have not more than
500 f per annum. With this dreadful dead weight
upon the resources of this country, the only cause
of its present prosperity is constitutional govern-
ment and the liberty of the press.

The friends of peace in Russia express great satisfaction
at the conclusion of the treaty between England and
Persia. At the express desire of the Emperor, Prince
Gortschakoff waited upon the B:itish Ambassador to offer
his congratulation.
THE OPIUM TRADE.—The opium traffic, fenced upon
China by the military power of Britain, and maintained by
our merchants in India, is a murder done for money on a
mighty scale. Opium spreads immorality, imbecility, and
death through the teeming ranks of the Chinese populations
No opinm is cultivated on their own soil. The governments,
alike the Tartar dynasty, and the patriot chiefs, have prohi-
bited the introduction of the deadly drug. Our merchants
brought it to their shores in ship loads notwithstanding, and
the thunder of our cannon opened a way for its entrance through
the feeble ranks that lined the shore. Every law of political
economy, and every sentiment of Christian chari:y, cries aloud
against nurturing on our soil, and letting loose among our
neighbours, that grim angel of death. The greed of gain alone
suggests, commands, compels it. At this hour the patriot
army in China, who, with all their faults and their ignorance,
certainly do circulate the Bible, and worship God, oppose the
introduction of opium, with all their moral influence and all
their military torce. How can we expect them to accept the
Bible from us while we compel them to take our opium
British Christians might bear to China that life for which the
Chinese seem to be thirsting, were it not that British met,
chants are bearing to Chtla that death which the Chinese
patriots loathe. It is an instance of the strong coveting the
money of the weak, and in order to reach it, taking " away
the life of the owners thereof,"—The Rev. Wm .4trnot.