Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-11-14 00:00:00

THE MAYOR'S INAUGURATION.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN DAILY TIMES.
SIR,-It was truly pleasing and delightful to witness
the procession that attended T. D. Anderson, Esq., the
newly-elected Mayor of this great commercial town, to
St. Peter's Church to-day. Amiable in disposition,
liberal in dispensing help to the needy, and of a highly
religious temperament, Mr. Anderson's elevation the
civic chair of the town of Liverpool has met the full
approbation of all classes in the community, political
and religious ; and the demonstration to-day fully veri-
fies this fact.

It was gratifying not only to witness the demonstra-
tion in question, but peculiarly so, owing to the manner
in which it was carried out, and the object it had in
view, namely, of raising a collection in St. Peter's on
behalf of that excellent institution, the Blue Coat
School, which has now been upwards of a century and
a-half in existence. I could not but admire the praise-

worthy part the ex-Mayor, William Preston, Esq., took
in the procession. He walked on the left of his wor-
ship going to, and coming from, church, whilst the
venerable and esteemed Alderman Cooper took the
right, followed by the other aldermen and town coun-
cillors.
In his private capacity, Mr. Anderson, as a magis-
trate for both the borough and county, has won the
esteem and regard of all ; and now that he has
been elevated to the dignified and exalted position
of chief magistrate of Liverpool, the utmost and most
implicit confidence is placed in him with respect to the
various onerous duties he will he called upon to dis-
charge. Impartial in his conduct, inflexible in opinion,
and charitable in regard to the leading institutions of
the town, he will assume the duties of his office under
the most favourable auspices. In everything that has
the tendency to benefit the community I am convinced
our present worthy Mayor will not be a whit behind his
late excellent predecessor.
The day was delightful, nature seeming to lend a
helping hand to the demonstration all through. The
church was crammed to suffocation; and previous to
and after divine service the bells of St. Peter's sent
forth their plaintive and thrilling tones, in enunciating
a hearty welcome to our present chief magistrate. The
greatest order and' decorum were observed throughout ;
whilst the cleanliness and regularity of the Blue Coat
scholars were the admiration of the thousands of spec-
tators. The Mayor, lam convinced, felt deeply the
great honour that was conferred—an honour, I am
satisfied, which will not be abused, nor soon forgotten.
—I am, sir, your obedient servant,
Liverpool, Nov. 13. A SPECTATOR.

LIVERPOOL POLICE COURT.-SATURDAY.

[Before Mr. MANSFIELD.]
THE RIGHT MAN IN THE RIGHT PLACE.—A gentle-
man who has figured conspicuously in the Police-court,
both as a prisoner and the defender of prisoners, who is
commonly known as Mr. Lightfoot, and equally well
known as " Nimble Heels," was brought up, and pre-
sented a very tawdry appearance. The bridewell-keeper
stated that the prisonpr was brought to bridewell drunk,
and booked for safety. Mr. Mansfield asked what he
had to say for himself. Mr. Lightfoot, after taking a
heavy pinch of snuff and giving a few sneezes, replied,
after the echo, had died away, that he lll.d taken a drop
too much. Mr. Mansfield thought the drop was rather
a large one, and requested him to pay a fine of five
shillings, and then get on with his business.
ROBBERY IN A. DISREPUTABLE HOUSE.—Mary
Eliza Hendry, and Ann Doyle, three prostitutes, were
charged by Detective-officer Scott with having robbed
a cattle dealer, named George Brown, of £7o.—Mr
Bluck defended the prisoners.—lt appeared that the
prosecutor was drunk the other night, and met one of
the prisoners, with whom he went to a house of ill-fame
in Back Portland-street, where he met the other pri-
soners. He had £7O in his possession when he went
into the house, and when he awoke in the morning, on
searching his pockets, he found it was gone.—The pri-
soners were remanded for a few days, in order to give
the police time to make inquiries for the money.
EXTENSIVE ROBBERY OF HARNESS.—WiIIiam Tip-
per, a well-known thief, was charged on suspicion of
having stolen £2O worth of harness from different
stables in the neighbourhood of Park-road. Detective-
officer Rigby produced several pieces of harness which
he had obtained at different pawn-shops. A man from
Mr. Redfern's, miller, Park-road, stated that his
master's stable had been broken into on Monday night,
and a collar stolen. The witnees identified the collar,
which the detective-officer had fgancl at Mr. Brumby's,
car proprietor, Great Nelson-street, as being the one
missed on Monday night. The case was remanded for a
few days.
[Before Messrs. HOWIE and HOUGHTON.]

WARNING TO FLATMEN.—Henry Bell, master of the
flat Henry, was summoned on an information by Mr.
Ilenrichson, dock master, on the charge of contravening
the 5,2nd section of the "Mersey Dock Acts Consolida-
tion Act," by entering dock with sails set, without
being forced to do so by stress of weather, or in conse-
quence of any casualty. The defendant did not appear,
and Mr. Holrae, after remarking on the danger of such
procedure on the part of masters of vessels, and the
necessity of putting a stop to it, said he would impose a
fine of 40s. and costs.

A BAILIFF V. A LANDLORD.—This case, which was
adjourned from Friday to allow the defendant to bring
forward witnesses, was again heard to-day. These wit-
nesses deposed that the work was done according to
agreement. The complainant, on the other hand, pro-
duced -evidence to show that it was not. The magis-
trates considered the case so much involved in doubt,
that no decision could be come to, but felt themselves
bound to give defendant the benefit of the doubt. The
case was accordingly dismissed.

STATISTICS OF CANADA, &c.-We may aptly follow
the United States of America with a reference to
Canada. In 1857, (the last year of tie series) the net
revenue of that colony was £963,238, and the expendi-
ture £1,073,093. Customs yielded £981,802 of the
gross revenue, the territorial branch £104,386, and
public works £102,307. The interest on the debt was
£281,036 ; civil government cost £58,512 ; the admini-
stration of justice, £126,552; legislation (the Council
and Assembly,) £126,434 ; and education, £110,009.
The total tonnage of ships entered at Canadian
ports was 5,283,969, and the tonnage of ships cleared
out 5,144,756. 110 sailing vessels, of 44,380 tons,
and sixteen steamers, of 2,556 tons, were built
in Canada in the year 1857, while 159 sailing vessels
and twenty-eight steamers were registered. The value
of the imports for consumption was £8,871,885, and that
of the exports of domestic produce £6,076,491. The
exports to the United Kingdom were £2,429,650, and
to the States £3,301,609. The articles exported from
Canada included 2,562 tons of copper ore, 95,762 cwt. of
dried fish, 21,880 barrels of potashes, 37,984 tons of
elm timber, 48,539 tons of oak, 500,781 tons of white
pine, 61,323 tons of red pine, 51,250 hundreds of stan-
dard deals, and 222,611 m. feet of planks and boards,
5,482 horses, 10,871 oxen and bulls, 12,143 cows and
calves, 10,276 swine, 14,626 cwt. of butter, 1,275,041
lbs. of wool, 831,412 bushels of barley and rye, 866,860
of oats, 220,736 of peas, 2,762,454 of wheat, and 743,949
barrels of flour. The gross revenue received from the
several canals in 1857 was £85,320. 1,595 vessels,
of 2-23,206 tons, passed through the Canadian canals
in 1857. 3,155,556 gallons of spirits were dis-
tilled, yielding a duty of £20,762. We turn to New
Brunswick. The revenue of New Brunswick was
£135,094, and the expenditure £134,598. 3,170 ves-
sels, of 587,595 tons, entered, and 3,181, of 659,277
tons,t cleared in the year 1857. The imports were valued
eai £1,418,943, and the exports at £917,775. The prin-
frpesal.x)7llo2l3o3w9eroef Xdrlyl,7Bsalltedworfit
fish,
,ofanfidshxcips7B49erovoedf
wanedt
£1,910 of smoked fish, d £77,343 of boards
salted fish,
4Tahse9re were 643,954e0t. acres of cleared
oarpinsecantitmlibngere.,
of oat
and £116,615
land in 1857, the produce wheat
andheat
1,411,164.
t.,ibelng
206,635 bushels, and that
Wheat averaged Bs. 9d. per bushel,
in 1857. There were 22,044 horses, 106,263)ahorn3esd
beasts, 168,038 sheep, and 47,932 swine. The rate of
wages for domestic labour was £2 10s: to £3 per month
(with board) ; predial labour, £2 10s. to £4 per month ;
and trades, ss. 6d. to 10s. per day. Of Nova Scotia, in
1857, the revenue was £299,129, and the expenditure
£350,542. 5,451 vessels, of 605,301 tons, entered in-
wards ; and 5,613, of 564,005 tons, cleared outwards.
The value of the imports was .L 1,936,176 ; and that of
the exports £1,393,566. The total acreage of land in
the colony grantedinoo; 1857405 g
wrasantss;6o3f3,6o3,2Bo,Ba3nadertehse,
were
ung ed 5,7
made in 1857.

THE MAYOR'S PROCESSION TO CHURCH.

The ancient practice of the Mayor attending Divine
service in state, on the first Sunday after his election, is
one of the most interesting and commendable of our
civic pageants, and yesterday it was more than usually
attractive.

The Mayor's state coach was ordered to be at his
Worship's residence, West Dingle, at ten o'clock a.m.,
the coachman and servants being in full livery, and the
horses in their gayest state harness. Shortly after the
appointed time the Mayor, accompanied by his estimable
lady and three of their children, entered the coach and
drove to the Town-hall, and, after setting down his
Worship there, the family were driven to St. Peter's
Church.

A feature entirely new was introduced into the
ceremonial of yesterday, by a number of gentlemen in pro-
cession from South Toxteth, to join that of the Mayor and
Council at the Town-hall. It was generally understood
that there would be a similar procession from. Everton,
but, unfortunately, some misunderstanding took place,
relative to the point of departure. It appears
that circulars had been sent to a number of gen-
tlemen intimating that it was intended only to
march from the Town-hall to church, whilst it had
been verbally communicated to others that they would
form in procession at Evertpn-brow, at half-past nine
o'clock, and fall in with the main body at the Town=
hall, immediately before it moved. A number of gen-
tlemen accordingly did assemble at that hour and place, but
no organisation or arrangement having been previously
agreed upon, and after waiting some time in the vain hope
that such a number might arrive as would authorise
them .to draw up rank and file, they took their de-
partute for the general rendezvous, whither de-
tached parties continued to arrive up to a quarter
to eleven o'clock. The mistake which so inop-
portunely rendered the procession impossible, is
very deeply regretted in Everton, as the constituency
were desirous of giving public expression to the estima-
tion in which they held their -representative, by adding
somewhat to the pomp and ceremony of the first Sunday
of his Mayoralty. The spirit, however, must be taken
for the deed ; and the goodly numbers in which they
mustered before the Town-hall is intrinsically as good a
mark of respect, although not placed so prominently
before the public. Among the gentlemen from Everton
we observed Messrs. Chilton, Whitley, Wise, Howard,
R. Blundell, Jones, Dunbar, Shaw, Goulbourn, Watt,
Brierley, Little, E. Blundell, Brown, &c., &c.
SOUTH TOXTETH WARD.

Such of the electors of this ward (adjacent to which
the new Mayor resides), as had resolved to manifest
their respect for the newly appointed chief magistrate,
as;embled at the Royal Oak, Mr. John Winder's, at
half-past nine, at the request of a committee of electors,
of which Mr. M. A. Johns, acted as honorary secre-
tary, who issued circular invitations to the following
gentlemen to meet then and there for that pur-
pose. Some of the gentlemen sent apologies for
their unavoidable absence—and a good many of them
either joined the procession on its way through the Park
or proceeded direct to the Town-hall, viz. :—G. H.
Horsfall, Hilton Hothead, C. S. Campbell, Wm. Clay,
Alex. M'Neile, Huntingdon, S. Siddeley, John Kidd,
Joseph Harrison, James Laidlaw, Wm. Leyland, A.
Pickup, G. W. Hunter, James Brundrit, Geo. Brundrit,
Wm. Davies, Thomas Johnston, J. B. Hughes, Thomas
Harrison, Bowdler, John Winder, Wm. Smith,
A. Grindrod, T. S. Healing, Bolton, Falcon,
Dickens, Robert Thomas, Thomas Wor rail, Henry
Peake, A. Ashworth, R. Spencer, John Bradley,
Goode, Edmondson, Willan, Shearson, G.
Turner, Wm. Black, Peter Eastwood, John Marwood,
James Tasker, Win. Hughes, Charles Batten, Jones
Stanhope, J. D. Casson, John Audley, Richard James,
T. Capper, Edward Wilkinson, J. M. Woodward,
Llewellin Wiliams, Silas 'Washington, Smallthwaite,
M. Gregson, Brining, John Longworth, John Watson,
John Toilet, Captain Caine, Captain William Thomas ;
Charles Turner, Pine Apple ; Robert Allen, Queen's
Dock; T. W. Gladstone, Thornton-place ; Joel
Moore, Thornton-place ; Wright, Wellington-read;
Samuel Thompson, Wellington-place ; Peter Brownrigg,
Wellington-place; and George Powell, Mill-view.
These gentlemen left the Royal Oak in procession,
walking three abreast, at ten o'clock, and moved,
unostentatiously along Park-road, St. James's-place,
Great George-street, Berry-street, Bold-street, Church-
street, Lord-street, and Castle-street, to the Town-
hall. As they passed St. Luke's Church, and
again when opposite St. Peter's Church, they received a
campanilogical salute—the whole of each set of bells at
once ringing out a peal for the occasion.
PROCESSION FROM THE TOWN-HALL TO
ST. PETER'S CHURCH.

At about a quarter to eleven the following procession
having been marshalled at the Town-hall proceeded
thence to church, along Castle-street, Lord-street, and
Church-street to St. Peter's :
AVANT GARDE:
Four Police-officers.
Trustees of Bluecoat Hospital.
Bluecoat Hospital Boys.
Twenty-six of the Fire Brigade, in full uniform, under
Mr. Hewitt.
Six of the West of England Fire Brigade and Mr. Barrett.
Two Baton-men, in uniform, bearing silver batons.
Mace Bearers, in robes, with maces.
Water Bailiff, in robes, bearing the silver oar.
Sword Bearer, in robes, with the sword of state.

His WORSHIP the MAYOR, in

Chaplain.

Town Clerk. state robes, and carrying
a white wand of office.
The Ex-Mayor.
The Alderman and Council.
The Municipal Electors.
ESCORT :
Seventy Police-officers.
Six Inspectors.
Div.-Superintendent Quick.
The most interesting facts connected with the pro-
cession were that very nearly the whole of the
Council attended ; and there were besides several
hundreds of the most respectable and influential electors
voluntarily present to grace the new Mayor's first public
appearance—an unusual mark of the highest estimation
which, no doubt, was not less well deserved than it was
judicious and well-timed.
The streets along the route from the Town-hall to Si.
Peter's were crowded by spectators, and the windows
commanding a view of the civic precessioi were almost
all occupied. At the churchyard a path was kept open
by the police forming a double line to keep back the
crowd, the Bluecoat boys also forming two lines, between
which the Mayor approached the church porch, on reach-
which he bowed to the Trustees of the Hospital, heartily
shaking hands with Mr. Brancker and Mr. Deane, and
then, uncovering, passed into church. We cannot help
adding here, that the very becoming appearance of the
Mayor in his official costume, along with his dignified
and courtly, yet manly, bearing, were very generally
admired.
THE SERVICE AT U.LIURCH.

The old parish church of St. Peter's, the first Pro-
testant church erected in Lancashire after the Reforma-
tion, we believe, was crowded to excess in every part.
The aisles and passages were filled with people who
were compelled to stand throughout the service, an4l
hundreds went away in consequence of the want of
adequate accommodation. In the Mayor's pew were his
worship, T. D. Anderson, Esq. ; the ex-Mayor, Wm.
Preston, Esq. ; Aldermen Cooper, Parker, S. Heinle,
Bennett, John Stewart, and Woodruff ; and Councillors
Charles Turner, Littledalc, Beloe, Robertson, Cropper,
Barton, S. R. Graves, Tobin, W. P. Jeffreys, Nickson,
Kitchen, Steains, Shimmin, Crellin, Rodgers, Crosth-
waite, Johnson, Ridley, &c. There were also present,
the Town Clerk, Mr. Shattleworth, the Head Constable,
Major Greig, several of the officers"" and servants of the

NORTHERN DAILY TIMES.

Corporation, and many of the merchants and gentlemen
of the town, amongst whom were, Messrs. Joseph
Hubback, C. F. Carne, Langton, Alexander Shand,
Hilton Halhead, Bernard, Hall, &c., &c.
The prayers and lessons were read by the Rev. •Mr.
Duncan and the Rev. Rector Campbell, and the Rev.
Benjamin Maddock officiated in the Communion Service.
The Rev. BENJAMIN MADDOCK preached the sermon,
which was in aid of the funds of the Blue Coat Hospital.
The rev. gentleman took his text from the 9th verse of
the 16th chapter of St. • Luke's Gospel—" And I say
unto you, make to yourselves friends of the mammon of
unrighteousness : that when ye fail, they may receive
yon into everlasting habitations." Having excited the
congregation to faithfulness and zeal in the discharge
of their several Christian duties, and especially to an
observance of charity, the preacher said he thought an
allusion to the oldest charitable institution in Liverpool
would not . be an inappropriate conclusion of his
sermon. The Blue Coat Hospital, he said, was
founded in 1708, for the clothing and educating
40 boys and 10 girls. The institution was after-
wards very much improved, so as to provide the
scholars with meat, clothes, and lodging in one house,
where, to quote the eld record of the s chool, " They
could be kept with such discipline as under the blessing
of God might produce the desired effect." Subse-
quently the scholars were increased to 100, and in 1763
to 200, at which date, owing to the growing prosperity
of the institution, they advanced to 327 in 1798 ; but
the number was not again so great until 1827, when it
was increased to 350; since when 250 boys and 150
girls were last year fed, educated, and clothed, at an
expense of £4,700. To meet this expense the institution
is only provided with a permanent income of about
£1,530 per annum, leaving the trustees dependent on
the liberality of the benevolent public for the sum of
about £3,200. And here, he could not help expressing
regret that several years ago, when the expenses of the
charity were far less than at present, the annual sub-
scriptions very much exceeded in amount the sub-
scriptions of last year. From the report it appeared
that, although the population of the town increased
from 286,000 in 1841, to 376,000 in 1851, and had
further increased since then, the annual subscriptions
to the charity had gradually fallen from £2,650 in 1841,
to £2,000 in 1858. Of the 250 boys and 102 girls
at present in the institution 96 are orphans, 253
fatherless, and three have parents who are in
helpless or indigent circumstances. For their sakes,
as well as for the sake of the congregation, he would
ask them to make friends of these children by the mate-
rial of the mammon of unrighteousness. They were
the children of respectable parents in Liverpool, who,
as the master informed him, had seen better days, and
were reduced by those changes which were incidental to
a place like Liverpool. More than 90 per cent. of them
were the children of master mariners, master tradesmen,
book-keepers, mechanics, 'and skilled artisans. The
object with regard to them, as exhibited by the trustees,
was not to relieve distress, not only to protect, feed,
and clothe the orphan and fatherless, but to supply the
community with industrious and well-behaved servants,
seamen, and artisans—to send out into the world:young
persons qualified to be useful in their several callings,
and grounded in those sound principles of religion
which alone can impart to them true peace of mind
here, and the hope of happiness hereafter. To this end,
the boys were prepared for the sea, for mercantile pur-
suits, and for mechanical business ; and, before they
leave the hospital, situations are secured for them in
such of these capacities as they may desire. The girls
are perfectly prepared for the various branches of.
domestic service by undergoing previous training. In
the case of the boys and girls who leave the
institution, their connection with the hospital is
still kept up by a careful superintendence for
several /ears, and for this purpose. the -Rine Coat
Brotherly' Society, consisting mainly of people educated
in the school, was formed in 1838, to watch over -the
early career of boys apprenticed from the school. Nine
hundred and thirty. boys have thus been visited with
the most encouraging success ; and a somewhat similar
movement in 1857, with respect to the girls, promised
to be attended with results equally satisfactory. In
conclusion, he would merely remind the congregation of
the fact, that if men made friends of, the children for
whom he pleaded might one • day plead for them with
great effect ; and they had further the assurance of
Scripture, that no act of charity could fail to benefit the
doer of it.
The sermon was listened to with marked attention,
and at the close of it a collection was made on behalf
of the institution referred to. The sum collected was
£llB 10s., a sum much larger than has ever before been
received under these circumstances.

After the benediction, the congregation dispersed, the
Mayor and Corporation, however, marching to the
Town-hall, followed by some thousands of spectators.
At the Town-hall the procession was broken up, and
this most interesting ceremony concluded.

-w-
LIFE-BOATS ON THE COAST OF VICTORIA,
AUSTRALIA.

The following communication, addressed to the Royal
National Life-boat Institution, relative to the establish-
ment of several life-boat stations on the coast of Victoria,
will be read with interest. Last year that society
transmitted to Australia large working drawings on a
large scale of its plan of life-boat and transporting
carriages, and every information respecting the efficient
management of life-boats.
" Victoria Department of Ports and Harbours,
" Williamstown, 16th Sept., 1859.

" Sin,—lt will be interesting to you, no doubt, to
know that there exists in this remote place a desire to
establish on our coast similar institutions to those extant
on the shores of Great Britain, for the preservation of
life from shipwreck. To this eLd, the head of the Port
Department, Captain Ferguson, has laboured under
many difficulties, but with success, I am glad to say.
We have established on our sea-board five stations, and
supplied each with a life-boat built upon the principle
adopted by the Royal National Life-boat Institution,
which, in every respect, have been found worthy the
noble service they are intended for.
"In addition to which, the Government have, upon
Captain Ferguson's recommendation, obtained from
England three complete sets of the rocket and mortar
apparatus, and have issued an order by this mail for
three more, which will make the stations already estab-
lished very complete in every respect.
" I beg to forward you an extract from the Govern-
ment Gazette, from which you will perceive that one of
the boats in question has been the means of saving
nineteen lives, which otherwise would have perished. I
also forward you a copy of our rules, which (as far as
our local position admits) have been compiled from
those issued by the National Life-boat Institution.

" Captain Ferguson wouli feel obliged if you would
be so good as to furnish this department from time to
time with such information as may be valuable for our
life-boat service.—l am, &c.,
" (Signed) " W. COLLINS REES.
" To the Secretary of the Royal National Life-
boat Institution, London."

M. LEDRu-RoLLIN.—The Bulletin de Paris says :
—"According to a letter from London, M. Ledru-
Rollin, having been released by a special and sovereign
decision from the penalties pronounced against him,
may now avail himself of the amnesty, and return to
France. The ex-member of the provisional government
will only make a short visit to France on family affairs,
and will then proceed to Switzerland, where, on the
advice of her physicians, Madame Ledru-Rollin is about
to take up -her residence."

• ord ; 0
6 2
Name. E gnx 43
Xi E. 1.1 Cis E
44
ft. in. ft. in. ft. in.
Royal George
Royal Albert . .
Duke of Wellington l3l 700 240 6 60 1 24 8 3771
Royal Sovereign l3l 800 240 6 60 0 24 8 3759
Marlborough
Victoria l2l 1000 260 0 60 0 26 10 4112

It will be observed that the Victoria, though larger
than the Marlborough, does not carry so many guns.
The armament of the Victoria is, however, the heavier
of the two, as she carries on the middle and lower decks
nothing but 68 pounders, as will be seen by the follow-
ing table

Ins. Cwt. Feet. No.
8
... 8.
... 32 prs.
...32 prs.
... 68 pr pivot 95 .. . .10 0 ..... 1

Lower deck . .
Middle dock •
Main deck . .
Upper deck
Ditto

T0ta1........ 121
The engines of the Victoria are by Messrs. Maudsley,
Sons, and Field, and are of the nominal power of 1,000
horses.

The Duncan, 91; Prince of Wales, 131; and Royal
Frederick, 91, all screw ships, and building under roofs
contiguous to that of the Victoria, are to be launched
by the end of the present financial year.
The Royal Alfred, a ninety-one-gun screw ship, is to
be laid down immediately on the slip vacated by the
Victoria.

The Victoria's keel was laid in the early part of Fe-
bruary, 1856. She has been, therefore, but three years
and ten months building. "We recently had the satis-
faction of inspecting her, and in justice to Mr. Abethell,
the master shipwright of Portsmouth Dockyard, under
whose superintendence she has been built, we must state
that as a specimen of sound and careful shipbuilding the
Victoria cannot be surpassed.
A few minutes before twelve o'clock the sound of the
guns firing a royal salute from the batteries announced
the approach of the royal visitors. Her Majesty and
the royal children were dressed neatly, and with the
usual good taste. The Prince Consort wore a field-
marshal's uniform, with the Order of the Garter, and
the Prince Frederick William that of a Prussian general
officer, and he also wore the Order of the Garter.

Her Majesty was received upon alighting from the
royal carriages by Admiral Bowles, C. 8., the Com-
mander in Chief, Major-General Sir J. Y. Scarlett, Rear-
Admiral the Hon. G. Grey, Major-General Foster, and
the Lords of the Admiralty. Conspicuous among the
spectators in the gallery near the royal party was the
new Persian Ambassador, with numerous attendants in
oriental costume. Upon the royal party reaching the
platform Rear-Admiral Grey presented to her Majesty
Mr. Abethell, the master shipwright, who was standing
near the bows of the ship to cut the dog shores when all
was ready to let the ship go. Admiral Bowles then took the
bottle of wine, decorated with ribbons and flowers and
handed it to the Princess Frederick William, explaining to
her, at the same time, the mode in which she was to
throw it against the ship's bows. The princess advanced
towards the front of the staging, and taking the cords
to which the bottle was suspended, in both hands, and
raising them above her head, flung the bottle with
excellent aim, and with right good will at the ship, and
as the christening wine streamed down the bows, her
Royal Highness named the ship The Victoria. This
was followed by loud and reiterated cheers, which had
not subsided at the moment that the "dog shores"
were cut by the master shipwright ; the giant ship
uttered a slight creaking cry as she made her first step
from the place of her birth. The air rung with cheers
and plaudits from every part of the dockyard, as
the ship was seen gliding away from the land ; and as
she dashed into the water, and swung to her anchorage,
the crews of the vessels in the harbour gave a welcome,
such a British tars know so well how to give, to this
latest addition to the floating bulwarks of our land.
Her Majesty and the Princess Royal and her sisters still
stood waving their handkerchiefs. Prince Albert and
Prince Frederick -William waved their hats until the
Victoria passed out of view, and the interest felt by
those august personages caused a fresh outburst of cheer-
ing from the assembled crowds, which was continued for
several minutes, her Majesty and the Royal party grace-
fully acknowledging the manifestation of affectionate
loyalty.

A GOLDEN WEDDlNG.—Chevalier Tottle, Consul-
General to the King of Sweden and Norway, celebrated
the 50th anniversary of his wedding on Wednesday last,
after a residence of 56 years in this country. Mr. Tottle
is the father of the consulate body in London, having
been appointed to the office which he so worthily fills
in the year 1812.

IRON SCREW STEAM-SHIPS.

Iron ships, like brick mansions, says Mitchell's
Steam Shopping Journal, can be built to last but
a few years, or to last together for a century. All
depends upon the weight and strength of material
employed, and the architectural design. It has
been asserted by the owner of an iron yacht, that
he paid at the rate of £4O per tou, builder's mea-
surement ; but there are persons who advertise to
complete ships in hull, rigging, and machinery,
at from £9 to £l3. Iron ships, therefore, may be
purchased to suit the capitalist. He MAY
have solidly-built vessels of good metal, or he
niay have common-plated ships, constructed ex"
pressly to sell. The weakly-built ships; 'hen
smartly rigged and painted, will look es rid'
to the uninitiated as the one more substantially
put together. The Tyne and the Clyde have a,
reputation for turning out cheap iron ships, but
we suspect that good strong vessels of the yeti
first class can be had from off the banks of those
rivers if a remunerative price is paid. where
honest and independent surveyors are engaged to
overlook the work, it is their fault if material
the right substance is not employed, though they
cannot be present at all times to see the metal
fused. There is great variation in the cohesion
of different irons. Old metal, transmuted, Pe.'
haps, some thousands of times, till its properties
deteriorate, is slightly mixed with bars of Nirgul,
iron, and plates are turned out, by ceutraold
of a given thickness, which may by chance staP,,,,
the atmospheric pressure applied to test u:
strength. Well-coated, these plates may last °`
years ; •but if, from some particular cause,
~.
$lll
equal strain is brought to bear on one, or seve
of them, they fall to pieces like, as was once A;
-scribed by the shipwrecked mate of a steanl+l,l
"the tearing of a sheet of paper;" 0r,.t0 appll_„fr-ic
simile of another seaman saved from the e
of a screw collier, " like a pack of cards."
boatswain's mate of the Royal Charter 07
that the ship "broke up like a bandbox." ,
some instances this strange destruction ie
e e
owing to the fault of the iron than to tb
peculiar build of the ship. It is almost iraKung;
sable to award to each their proper share of ,r,4
blame ; but it has always been observed that When
iron ships do begin to break up there are no 0171
measures : the rivets start, a few plates go,
the rest follow. Where they do hold, ; el.
tenacity is great if a ship is faithfully bncii
But the durability of a ship depends not so 0111._i
on the quantity as on the quality of the metal'
A ship built of the best Low Moor iron, vo,A
cold-hammered plates, and well strengtheTo
horizontally, will stand an enormous strain• l'of
between, Scotch, Welsh, and English iron
_io
various descriptions, there is a difference in 1170
of about £5 per ton more or less, according
place of delivery.
The tenacity of metals depends very lolitheell
upon their purity. Professor Wallace gives rto
specific cohesion and strength of different s°
of iron as fellows :
Specific cohesja
Iron (Bar) from 8'964 to 5.a"
„ Best quality from 7.006
• German, BR from 9.880 to 6.514
)7 Swedish.. from 9'445 to 7•2vu,
„ Liege from 8,794 to 6•62,,,
„ German L from 9.119 to 7.3a°
1) Spanish
„ Oosement from 8.142 to 7'2.96
„ Fine grained
„ Medium fineness - 3.618

~ Coarse grained
Iron(cast)French.......

from 72:470172 to 4.000

•
•
7 2 German
' English . ..... ....from 5.520 to 4.3
rti•
Here we have the tenacious union of the 11,01
cles of the multifarious descriptions of iron Pr :k of
to demonstration. When, therefore, we sPe,ier'
an iron-built ship, if we would rightly-;:g. of
stand her build, we must know sometli-
tho vompooition of the metal used h b;"-Co retica-
struction. But to illustrate the utter inateft ,i tive
bility of thoroughly understanding the ' the
strength of samples of iron, we will also P.— the
experiments made by Rennie to ascerto
direct cohesion of bars one inch square, in Zs.
8.32
• • 5•69

Iron bar, cast horizontally,
.. . ..... . .
Iron bar, cast vertically,
To this we may,./•20
Wrought iron, mean of 26 experiments by Brunel, 31.:5
Wroughtliron, mean of 9 experiments by Telford, 270
WI ought iron, mean of 8 experiments by Brown, 2:'„se
No two experiments, therefore, yield the are
products ; but the average qualities of iron ~,
so well known that no purchaser need be at a 70
to designate in plain terms what sort of iron 3
wishes to be used, though, at the same time% 1.,
rests with the honour of a builder, or found)
to properly mix the metals. There are tric_.,.
and adulterations in every trade, and we f,S,
the manipulators of iron are not free from of
universal vice. Hence, as screw vessels builtos,
iron are becoming so common in several tr6tisl
supplanting clipper
th osuagilhintghev:sasenlssl,veirts. is
'The
1010:
of theen g
in eßoyals,
has
depreciated Charter,
epre eiatwhiche
teChoaeurmfdotastoitaosi.:lll;ileiiin.
' that more attention should be paid by intes t°
owners of such ships to the metal used, ',;01"
the principle of construction. Screw stew ;is
do not appear to be favourites with the "-Tabl
'loss
for the conveyance of heal-
tempest even with her 300 horse-poo—r,l3rthe'
ary
But her case is an exceptional one. were
brought up by her anchors the mss thong
cut away, and they fouled the screW ; before
it must be admitted she was dragging sere/
she was clismasted. This fouling a t"e, 04
appears difficult to overcome. Vire the
chain sheets, and haulyards, are now B°,,lttlit
used that it is difficult to attach all A: chi':
worhebne
sderizaewdnbuyndaenrabrmy tohfetbsehipse'
instrument that will prove efficacious. '1;01
hanging to a spar will sink under the shiP:s tow
itself round and round, till it either break'sprofei'
sresviru,ctinl°ooll'
ffusttto
fans or stops the engine. The steam-shir .s lOW
when caught in the gale off Sebastopol, it I_ Ito;
was working net' the shore, when the ordeliatele
given to cut away the mizenmast. Imille folllA
the mast went by the board the rigginter loa
the screw, the ship was disabled, and „ stif
followed. Many a sailing ship has bee serer
by cutting away the masts ; but In pigtf
steamers, unless. care is taken to see the r tat til ,
clear astern, the remedy is worse th°'
..ler
disease. w" 0
The screw for first-class passenger shiPo 2.0.11
as a mere auxiliary power for long veritrist or,';;
possibly doomed. It was prophesied _
steamers would be propelled by screws befor ste,
and the adaptation of several of the Pet,,010,7
and Oriental Company's ships from side NiTolo
stern screws seemed at one time to give_si of 5
to the prophecy; but the last new vest_ 010
company, built to order, was the Da"'43 l''',f
paddle-wheels ; and their vessel now u ore_
stocks will also have side wheels. In fte,',_
vessels there is so much noise in One sisal:.
section of the ship, by the rotation of tiel on
that it is unpleasant to be quarter!, 0105
The sleepingaccommodation isconsequen4`ooet
more amidships, and here you have, 1,10, lielo
of the oils from the engine-room an", fees,
tatvhhaisetitremuloussecpnrleeascrew
nseli
plainly
sea-sickness.
oeywtki
noo
theirear
skst:o t
Iht
heavy
from the boilers. Besides which, scre",,w 1/,
roll badly, and the vibration from the on-
agfil:
unless canvas is spread—and the malt" IV"
:10
the screw stops, and the ship is driven ton, lill'd
only, her motion is free from all vibraiosocroi
rest -r-i ow
she progresses smoothly. On the 0 .0 der „a
success or failure, we apprehend, sv.
el_ up it
whether the double power will be talc
brought into use for passenger steamed'
eetavihs!Gpa'rtietoaonttßhiesas,:te:rearaoirupg'efiiit,li
quivering pad 4