Northern Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-01-24 00:00:00

INDIA.

THE SUBMISSION OF THE REBELS.
18---""ael Khan has surrendered to Brigadier
Barker, with 150 Sowars—the first example of any
of the cavalry troopers submitting to us. By a sub-
Sfquint account, the rebel appears to have become
luost useful ally, for he actually went out and
themselves
in 400 more cavalry, who had thrown
on the mercy of the government, and
have Claimed the benefit of the amnesty. The
s eli°3's are coining in fast in their own country,
the Byswarra ; one officer states the average num-
ber tobe 30 a day. In other districts they sur-
render in, smaller numbers, because there are less
()f. them. They are a strange race. Colonel Seaton
asked some of the 120 men who appeared before
him and Lieutenant Chamier at Derriabad, how it
was that they never stood before our troops.
%Sahib," said the man, " it has been all the work
,hfate. After what we had done we never could
t.
No matter whether your troops were
not
or white, native or European, we could
Ba4.,stand against them : our salt choked us !" This
tOing, which is significant enough—above all, in
ite Mouth. of the perfidious Oriental—seems to
Ire Common currency among them
11r, enemies are concentrating into a narrow focus
Lilo Buraech district, on which our troops are
.412 t gathering from all sides ; and even now the
uul) of clemency is not exhausted. When they
Bglit lightly fear our inexorable wrath, the
guln and her followers are offered more than
ap_nardon. The royal lady is promised an asylum
u a pension for herself and her son, and her
itter, Mummo Khan, is guaranteed his life if
the terms of the proclamation be complied with
before the lof January. It is believed that
st
ter Begum, Birjes Kudor, and the minis-
were not accessory to the murder of
'3llr captives in , Lucknow. Similar conces-
eess6ls, various in form and degree, have been
made to other chiefs, and old Hunwant Singh of
BEtllikimker, the bosom freind of Madhoo, has
secretly crossed the Gogra and repaired to the
'atop of his Pylades, to intreat him to ask pardon
before it be too late. From one district .of Oude
iino may judge how rapid is the progress of pacifica-
tion once the work is bemun ; it is almost as
flamelike as insurrection. fn the Mullaon district,
aecordin to the report for the week ending the
29thcr
of) November, 143,934 guns, matchlocks,
Pistols, swords, spears, iron-bound clubs, bows,
shields, &c., have been delivered up to the autho-
rities, of which 55,309 were collected in the week
alone. The return includes even sword-sticks. The
Deputy Commissioner reports that the people evince
the same reluctance as heretofore to give up their
arms, and that some pergunnahs evince dislike to
pay up their revenue. No less than forty-one forts
have been demolished in the district, to which are
added for the week's work sixteen—great and
small—total fifty-seven. The country is described
as quiet and free of rebels. Upwards of 6,0001. of
revenue was collected within the week, in addition
to about 30,000/. already got in of the total yearly
revenue of about 90,0001.

TIM NATIVES ESTIMATING NUMBERS.
. I have great doubts in my mind that the natives
the march. He stated some wonderful things
about the force of the rebels in various parts, and
8° I Was anxious to test his knowledge. " How
taaSahib to-day p,, " The book has not yet been
written Which contains their number." " But,
speak plainly, how many do you think there
12 AP: " Well, of fighting men there are about
zmerous
r --'--O ; as for camp followers, they are more
than the sands of the river, and cover
bef.thea :31intry." "Have you ever seen armies
1 not knout
• "I have been in a hundred fights. Do
battle,o- know 9
I had a son killed by my side in
Th.,,, and those who now live are wounded."
...,e force comp
atronir. uted at 12,000 is under 3,000
a Ca4ioB.° Our hero of a hundred fights was not
in arithmetic.—Times.

TIIE WAR QUESTION.

PARIS, Jan. 21

M. II
—e la Ronciere le Nourry, captain in the
Aerial Berlin Navy, has returned from his mission to
and St. Petersburg. At Berlin, it is said,
h_ e received from the Prince Regent the Cross of
Commander of the Prussian Eagle. What he has
Thbatatinheedhiand a the Russian capital I cannot say ; but
private interview with the Czar,
nd. that he is setting out for Turin, are posi-
tivelyd affirmed. In diplomatic circles, it is not
oubted that his mission to Prussia, as well as to
Piedmont, is
the political, and intimately relating to
important topics of the moment.
A letter from a personage now and for a long
watie past officially resident at Vienna, speaks of
as being a mere question of time, and all but
the
inevitable sooner or later. He says that such is
opinion of the Vienna Cabinet ; that Austria
haf up her mind and is preparing seriously
or it ; that she will not begin ; but that she will
not allow herself to be intimidated by the threats
or demonstrations of France.
In Paris opinion does not appear to have
changed in any respect ; and no arguments that
have been as yet put forth in the organs of the
War Party have reconciled the public to the notion
Of undertaking a crusade for Italian liberty. Yet
confidence is far from being restored, as the quota-
tions of this day will show.
The first edition of the little pamphlet "Auroras
nous la Guerre?" from which I gave a few extracts
yesterday, has been already exhausted, and the
author is preparing a second, in which a few of the
expressions deemed rather harsh may be modified.
These modifications will be merely verbal. The
second pamphlet, "Est ce la Paix, est ce la Guerre?"
has also attracted attention. It turns, as I have
said, upon the necessity of holding a Congress to
definitively settle the points left unsolved by that
of 1856, as a last resource before appealing to
arms.

The author professes to show how incomplete
the last Congress left its work. " The treaty of
1856 laid down certain principles, but did not re-
solve the complicated questions raised by that of
the equilibrium of Europe." He continues :
Is there in Europe a nation which has at the present
day a serious interest in making war ? England has in
India painful pre-occupations and very heavy burthens.
Her industrial and commercial activity can alone enable
her to face the necessities which press on her on every
side.

France is in a better position. She has no embarrass-
ment abroad, and the eminent position created for her in
the councils of Europe by her conduct, and by the results
of the war in the Cnmea, permit her to intervene with a
powerful moral authority in the decisions of Cabinets.
But does it follow that France has an interest which is
personal to her in making war ?
Where is that interest ? Is it the aggrandisement of
her territory ? It would be folly to think of it. The
epoch of wars for conquest has passed away for ever.
What a nation gains by
.war it loses by war. The
example of the First Empire proves it. The Crimean
war has proved to the world that henceforth the only
legitimate wars are those which have for their object
the defence of the weak against the strong & the main-
tenance of law and justice against iniquity and violence.
Yes ; in this respect and under this point of view,
there would remain for France more than one legitimate
war to undertake. So long as there shall be a nationality
°PPressed, so long as a right shall be disregarded and
trodden under foot, so long as a people hold their hands
suppliantly extended towards us, France will have the
riFht to make war. But it will only become a duty
When she shall have exhausted all pacific means, all
40nourable negotiations, all appeals to the public con-
science. _

France is the soldier of God, it is true. But that
soldier ought not henceforth to draw the sword until such
time as a tribunal of honour, a Congress of all the
Powers, shall have declared that there no longer remains
a way open for AU amicable arrugement, and that 1t 19 tr,

force armed in the name of right, to act against force
armed in the mame of iniquity or oppression.
Yes ! France would have a legitimate war to make if a
blind resistance opposed a liberal settlement in the condi-
flora of the Italian populations.
It is the supreme decision of that tribunal which alone
can at this day sanction the employment of force. Whe-
ther you will or not, the Paris Congress has estab-
lished a precedent the political and social importance of
which cannot be passed over. All the European nations
freely assembled, have established certain principles of
international right. It is for the European nations now
to declare in the presence of excited Italy if they mean or
not to renounce these principles ; which are they that
abandon the cause of the weak and the oppressed, the
cause of right and justice, and they which, on the con-
trary, remain faithful to that sacred cause.

Such is the point at which France is. Such are the
loyal conditions which the Paris Congress has brought
to its decisive action. Any resolution that is not
conformable to that rule of conduct would risk the not
being sanctioned by public opinion, the sovereign of
modern times.

The writer goes on to describe the difficulties of
Austria, her financial embarrassments, &c. The
great point, however, is a Congress.

The following letter has been received from
Trieste, dated 16th January :

The Proharka regiment has received orders to embark
for Ancona. Two battalions of infantry, stationed at the
frontier, are to be despatched to Venice ; a steamboat has
already sailed for Zeugg, to convey them. The small
Neapolitan flotilla which is to escort the new Princess of
the Two Sicilies has arrived in our port. The entire
third corps d' armee now occupies its definitive position.
The troops which compose it are now on the peace
e itablishment, but the reserve may be called in at any
moment, and it will then amount to 60,000 men.

TURIN, Jan. 19

With respect to the marriage, there is nothing
newr It is said that the contract is being
drawn up. The interests of the subject begins
already to diminish with the Pieilmontese,
for Italians, are somewhat phlegmatic and in-
clined to be nil ad»zirari. The alliance certainly
obtains no sympathy or approbation ; but since it
is to be, the majority shrug their shoulders and
decide that it is no business of theirs. It is the
King's business, and in such cases the laissez faire
system is here apt to be in favour with the masses.
The feeling of the higher classes continues to be
extremely opposed to the marriage. After the
excitement of the last few days, and the countless
reports, some of them most extravagant, which
have been current to-day, there seems a slight lull,
as if people were reposing from the fabrication and
propogation of rumours. Here, where the Press
is free, and all foreign journals are admitted, such
rumours for the most part get corrected or discre-
dited within a very short time from their first cir-
culation ; but in Lombardy, where no newspapers,
either native or foreign, are tolerated which
say anything that the Government dislikes or
does not wish to be known, people live in an
atmosphere of lies and exaggeration—the most
astonishing fictions obtain credence, and remain
registered in many persons' memories as though
they were Gospel truths. The many exaggerated
statements that have been spread and accepted
in , Piedmont during the last few weeks
with respect to the state of things in
Lombardy are, doubtless, in great part due to
the readiness with which people in the latter
country have repeated in their letters or on their
visits to Turin the trashy gossip of the coffeehouses,
It must be added, that there are many here whose
desire to believe the worst makes them unwilling to
doubt the veracity of their informants, and who look
with suspicion on any who seeks to place matters
in their true light. But the general tone of the
correspondence from Lombardy in the Turin papers,
and the strong anti-Austrian animus they display
ought to suffice to put impartial persons on their
guard. By some of the recent letters of your
Vienna correspondent.l perceive that there also most
outrageous stories have been circulated, although
generally speedily contradicted. A collection of all
the assassinations, street disturbances, outrages,
and arrests that have here been alleged, in and
out of print, to have occurred in Austrian Italy
since the beginning of December, would
furnish a sum-total perfectly prodigious. With
the exception of the assassination of the unfor-
tunate veterinary professor at Pavia, which seems
generally attributed to an agent of the 11azzinian
faction (ow becoming daily more discredited and
impotent in the whole of Northern Italy), I can-
not call to mind any well authenticated case of
murder from political motives during the whole
period of the fermentation we have heard so much
of ; the wounds that have been inflicted in the
various reported collisions between Austrians and
Italians would require, I suspect, an extremely
small surface of plaister ; and, as to the arrests
which the Turin journals continue daily to an-
nounce, they have been confined, according to the
assurances I received three days ago from most
decided anti-Austrians in Milan, to two or three
hundred of the greatest robbers and cnt-throats in
that city, there known by the knickname of barabba.
I have seen nothing in the papers about the im-
prisonment at Venice of twenty students, a posi-
tive statement of which was contained in a letter
from that city to a foreign gentleman resident in
Milan. Perhaps the account was erroneous, or
possibly the young men were released after brief_
confinement. As to the cigar demonstration, the
inscriptions on the walls of " Viva l'ltalia .1 Viva
Verdi!" &e., and the anonymous letters said to
have been sent to certain Austrian partisans, for-
bidding them to give entertainments, these are
very puerile matters. But, at the point at which
matters have now arrivrd, the state of things in
Lombardy loses much of its immediate importance;
it is generally admitted that there is no probability
of an outbreak ; the leaders of the revolutionary
party are able to restrain the people, which has
been made to understand that an act of impru-
dence might be fatal to its cause. All eyes are
now turned to France, on whose active assistance
against Austria the Italians daily more con-
fidently reckon. -England is also looked to with
some anxiety, for her presumed neutrality is
considered an important element in the coming
triumph which many here most sanguinely an-
ticipate. If 'England stands • aloof a speedy
termination of the contest is predicted by some
persons (whom I have reason to think in the
secret of the conspiracy) with a degree
of confideuce which seem to argue either
an undue contempt for Austria and her army,
or a knowledge that the aid of Russia, as well as
that of France, may be reckoned upon. A report
reached me yesterday evening, from two or three
quarters, of a treaty of alliance, offensive
and defensive, between France and Piedmont,
guaranteed by Russia. If this be founded in fact,
it is not likely this Government will reveal it until .
the time be ripe. The report may be one of those
idle ones so numerous of late ; but it points to a
combination which has lately struck many as not
unlikely to be brought about, and perhaps already
decided upon. England, I repeat, is attentively
watched, and the belief is cherished that she would
not be likely to go to war to preserve to Austria her
Italian possessions. The same persons who are con-
fident that her neutrality would ensure a rapid set-
tlement of the question declare themselves wholly
unable to see the probable results should she, on
the contrary, draw the sword. In short, the
alternative, apparently, is thought to be this—
either France and Piedmont against Austria, with
Russia threatening, if not aiding, and England and
Prussia neutral, or a general war in Europe. The
bloody annals of the Crimean campaign assist us
to some faint idea to what a general war would be
in this day of murderous inventions and military
proficiency. Anybody may paint the picture for
himself by aid of his memory and of very brief
reflection. Europe would probably think such
a calamity rather a heavy price to pay even
for the emancipation of Austrian Italy. War,
however, has not been declared yet, and, although
it be difficult altogether to escape the contagion
of the belief here now so general and strong,
it must be borne in mind that for every one
war that has taken place (at least in
modern times) hundreds have been discussed
as probable, and dozens have been talked
of us imminent and inevitable. Meanwhile, we a
the war party read with gratification the bellicose
leffusions of Prince Napoleon's Paris organ, and
keep a sharp look-out for au other indications