The Express.
London, England, 1863-12-30 00:00:00

DIETARIES FOR THE WORKING CLASSES.

At the laat weekly meeting of the Society of Arta,
&Wks Chadwick Seg., C. 8., in the chair, a mar was
read by Dr. Edward Smith on the immerse value of foods
having special mimeo* to the dietary of the working
clams.

The paper, which was highly important, dealt at great
length mainly with the chemical compositions of foods, as
evidence of their relative intrinsic value. It is to be followed
by one which will present the results in the more practical
sad popular form of dietaries for adoption. The subject
was dimmed chiefly os the chemical elements by Dr.
Linkman., Dr. Robert Dixon, Dr. Wild, and Mr. Frank
Bucklas& Amongst the questions raised were whether
brown or white broad was the more nutritive. Dr. Smith
stated that from the analysis of the extremists of pri-
soners, more nutritive matter passed off with the excre-
ments from brown bread than from the white, which was
the most nutritive, as being the most completely assimilated.
The CHAIRMAN said thy would all agree that the in-
quiry which had bees instituted by the Privy Connell was
of the highest public as well as print* importance, and so
far as it had been carried oat, it appeared to him to bare
been very ably executed. Hitherto Dr. Edward Smith had
been coefined in his researches to the dietaries in um among
the poor of the northern districts of England, of
Scotland,
and of some parte of Ireland. The obssitaticasi
made there were highly valuable. They indicated the
superior efficacy of the simpler diets, those of oatmeal
porridge sad milk in Scotland, and of pastor and butter-
milk is Ireland. He had ascertained that in Scotland
the conatry -bred people, when they went into
towns and obtained her wages, and substituted tea and
! broad aid batter for oatmeal porridge and milk, did
! not thrive so well upon this more expositive and
atimu-
lating dist. Public warning should be gives of these reunite.
But observations on individuals were liable to fallacies
arising from individual peculiarities; and satisfactory re-
sults could only be obtained for the public by observations
on elegies of metres of similar ages and conditiom, as on
soldiers in bantam, Whims end rinks in public institu-
tions, prisonme in poi, whose coaditioe before and alter the
trial might be examined. sad whom weight might be taken
sad strength tested. A Gomm prince had lent to Liabig a
body of soldiers Musks experiments upon. He (the chair-
man) had promoted trials el different aorta of dietaries in
prisons, and those trials might well be repeated under such
scientific observations as Dr. Edward Smith was pre-emi-
nently qualified to make. If the examiaatioa of the effects
of the brown bread, se compared with the white wheats.
bread, made by Dr. Fdward Smith, were not deemed
conclusive, let the trials be repeated on other classes of
person. Each chief article of food should be separately
tried. The late Mr. Anhui, the manner of the Central Dis-
trict School of Londe*, who had had 30,000 children under
his ears, and was a good observer of foods, had found that
there were peat variations in the effects of various condi-
tions of the same food ; for example, oatmeal of inferior
growth or condition proctorial eruptions on the akin sod
tsuctional disturbance, whilst a good quality of growth was
productive of good effects. It bad fallen to him (the chair-
man) to collect and eminent, rudely as it might be, the
effects of differeei public dietaries before cattail analysis
had been brought to bier on foods. The dietaries collected
from different parts of England, he found, whea reduced to
comparative weights, fell in the following trals, that was,
the wept* amount of solid food. The average that sack
clam got was as fellows :

As fericultoral lobourars
As ortiesoo of tbo highest wows
As paupers
.As soldiers

As primmer, is pol
As assviels as board the hulks, or as
. .

transported faker
To an allowance et ten pounds of meat • week in the stimu-
lating climate of Australia was added half-an-ounce of
tobaooo daily for the use of ti,e convicts is Western Aus-
tralia. It was at that time urged by medical authorities,
and indeed is nil so by many, that dietaries containing high
stimuli beyond those got by the hardworking honest popula-
tion were security to sustain the health of the prisoners. He
found that the quality of the diets, as containing more or leas
of animal food, was very much represented by the coat, and
this varied from Is. 2d. to 36 and even 7s. per head per week.
Now, it should follow, from the medical recommendations,
that the health of the rimers would rise in population.
To determine this quad= be resorted to statistics. Taking
104 prison returns—which ambled a comparison of the 20
gaols where the expense and the quantity of the diet were
the lowest, the twenty where the expense and the quantity
of the diet were the highest, and the twenty where they
were intermediate between' the highest and the lowest—the
results came out as follows :
Ounces of Cost per Sick Deaths
solid food head per per per
per week. week. cent. 1,100
Twenty lowest preon diets 188 .. Is. 101 3
.. 3 .. IA
Twenty intermediate diets.. 213.. 2s. 4 .. 18 ..
Twenty highest
The results were objected to on the grounds that in some of
the larger penes" when the lower dietaries were adopts.),
the terms of imprisonment were shorter than in others.
Bat those objection were met by the trial of the simpler
dietaries is the same primes, with the same classes of priso-
ners, with labour and without labour, for the like periods
when the like remits amend. No doubt changes of diet
wee bledicid, if not absolutely nomeary, for persons in
sedentary condition or prolonged oonfieements, but varia-
tions with simple foods might be made to suffice, instead of
augmentations ia quantities, and in foods of the more
stimulating and expensive character, beyond those which
sufficed fcr the pedal population. Later experience was
in the same direction. But sanitary conditions had
yet to be tare into account in judging of the effects
of dietaries. In one Minns, a severe epidemic broke
out ia an establishment for pauper children, which was
proved to have been produced not by insufficient diet, but
by defective ventilation. In the case of the army inauffi-
men dills were as the main or the sole cause of
the mortality in the • The diets were augmented,
and fever and epidemics were still rife ; but when the air
was purified by watery measures the health improved.
The death rates in the army had been reduced in many
lateness by sanitary measures by coe-half, without any
important attend= of the dietaries. The effects of the
primes dietaries, combined with improved sanitary condi-
tions, arse the most instructive. Soldiers were taken
from the rank., generally the worst conditioned moo,
where the death rate was •••••i••• in • thousand,
and put into military prison in Dolan, where the death
rate was radioed to two and a-half per thousand, and
the sickness in ;rennin. The dietary consisted of
eight nun of oatmeal, eight ounces of Indian meal, and
eight anon of whines' bread, with half a pint of milk at
the three meals day. There was no meat. no tea, no
coffee, no beer, no tobacco, none of the stimuli which they
got in the ranks, and their genial health and strength wu
vastly improved. 'fie medical authority, who bad observed
*seed of this dietary for years, declared he would make
no alteratioa. Bat be (the chairman) attributed a ooesider-
able properties of the superior effects to the sanitary con-
dition et persona einallness in addition to the element of
improved vestilation. The chairman mentioned a case of a
morel is Spain who had improved the health of his men
by giving • bath daily, though their rations at the time
were low. He urged the importance of poetical denlineas
in the army. The importance of this bad even ben proved
in the cue of pigs. All evidenne established the con-
clusion that daily complete personal ablution would be pre-
destine( a large economy of food to the poorest of the
roulettes. la respect to the quantities of foods, he was of
opinion that inasmuch ea there were wide variations of
naturel appetite amongst men, there ought,..a general rule
in public dietaries, t 6 be one simple article of food allowed
without any dint. But he (the chairman) was led to ascribe
the proms of this particular dietary, and of others of the
simpler dietaries which were successful in prison aedpub-
lic institutions, to complete personal cleanliness as well as
to the improved ventilation of their living end sleeping
rooms. A friend of his who commanded a body of troops
in Spain was behaved, and out upon shod rations. To
amuse and occupy kis men, he sent them daily to bathe
in • river near their station. He found what he
had not expected from this measure, that his men
on their short ratio°, were soon in u good strength as
the men on full ration. It has been found experiment.
ally that pip regularly and completely washed put on one-
tif lb greater weight of fifth from the game weights of food
than the pip which were unwashed. Moreover the
washed pip made the finest pork. Soldiers in the mashed
ooly nods and face washing. When they were need
together they stunk. In prison, however, they were sub-
jected to complete and regular bead to foot ablations.
Hence • large properties of the remits. In some of the
schools regular and complete daily ablutions
been introduced, with the best effects health
awl strength. The late A übin, who had been so pre-
unisently successful in increasing the health and strenth
of poor children, and bariabing " children's dingoes," had
' regular and complete ablutions of them, but made it • rule to
use eel) tepid water with them, and this appeared to he was-
guy with all children. Os such evidence it might be con-
c finally averred that complete habitual persona cleanliness
would increase the effects of foods to populations by at
least on-fifth. He had recommended that regular ablutions
in tepid baths should be resorted to with the unemployed
o operatives as means of sustaining their strength, as in the
instance of the belsegured soldiers. In respect to all public
, dietaries, however, be disagreed as to fixed quantities being
rigorously prescribed far all. Some people lied more power-
, ful and previa( stomachs, and required more than others.
• Ho had recommended that, to meet these cum of the few,
some en simple article of food—be it bread, be it potatoes,
I be it oatmeal, should be given without stint. Where this
• had been triad, although the few oat more the many eat lees
than the fixed diet, sad on the whole there was an ermomy
• and no consplart on the ground of iesuffieincy. (Applause.)
The Skean of the meeting was voted to Dv. Smith for
his paper.

EAdetetalielndelk.}.-HOLLOWAT'S PILLS. —Froatsa-
tioa or eiresiglL—Wliss the system la weak asd the nerves oe-
strus, dimes Membia topmast Itself mikes some patty's( and
=uargs a".
as traeweated to
areeprOatitatitlr targ
e
sueMiut lib—•• saw plow can be so well deesfor
Si Impends, tam the blood without straining or
W memallskios. Holloway's Pills so fortify the
Mese& sad replies the liver that they raise tie capability of
digestlea sad Iles agate sew power. This is the reason why
Holloway's MIL have seised their pretest popakrity, and why
they have bees leaded throughout the sleM se a freak source
albs siodolm011."

TIN(, DECEMBER
THE POLICE COURTS. 1

MANSION-HOUSE.
Waller Cranbrook Woods, • respectably-dremed
middL-
aged man, appeared before Mr. Alderman Philips We(n
for the Lord Mayor), i• answer to his reoognWsnole,
undergo • find examination upon a charge of embezzlement.
Mr. Weidner appeared for the prosecution; and Mr.
Lewis, jun., for the prisoner.

The primmer win in the employment of Mr. Phillip Wad-
dell, the prosecutor, who carried os the business of im-
porter of foreign fancy glees goods, at Na 10, Old Fish-
street-hill, Osman-street, as traveller and clerk, and in that
capacity it was part of his duty to maim ammo cm se-
count of his employer. From Mr. Wootser's 'Utmost it
appeared that the prospector's affairs being rather ember-
tumid, he called in an scomatent to examine hie books to
see bow be stood, and in the mouse of that examination a
deficiency of 3001 was found, which the prosecutor could not
in any way account for, and he consequently went round to
all hie customers, sad ascertained that the bad re-
*sied several stuns of mosey for which be bad sot act-
counted.

Two witames were called who proved the payment to the
prisoner of mural mass of money oa soma of the pros►
suitor, and, in one imam" a quantity of vases, to she
amount of 4/., bed bees supplied by the prisoner
and the mosey paid to him, and, acuordiog to the
evidence of Mr. Waddell, there was no account of the
goods in say of the hooks, nor had the prisoner as•
counted to him for thank, or the sums met:timed by the
other witneeme, mutating so about 101.
Mr. Mutsu said a witness who was to have provedlthe
payment of several othar nuns was sot in attendance, and
u Mr. Lewis had intimated to him that he would be content
to have notice of say fresh oars before the trial, he should
not deem it worth while to ask for • further remand.

to bare Doti...
He admitted, on the panel kb eliest, the payment of the
motley by the whammies, widths oily question would be se to
handing it over. He had w Maud perfect answer to the
charge, and although belied 'striated his intention to eras-
examine the prase ter at same length, he thought, 'as it
would be rather a delimit, wetter, and that in all proba-
bility, notwithstanding that which he might adduce, the
Alderman would say he could act decide between them and
would send it to a jury, be should Orrefors decline making
any observations, but leave to esto the trieL
The prisoner was then committed for trial upon the two
charges of embezzlement and stealing the rms. He was
however admitted to bail, s before—leitoself in 1001. and
two sureties in 601. each.

ILiRYLEDONE.

A tall, powerful, well.dreesed man, named William
Whitehead, aged 36, and who gave the address Washer°
Rectory, Buckinghamshire, gentleman, MN charged with
indecently easanlting Brice Charlotte Richardson in a
' oo the Great Western Railway, between Langley
and West Drayton and Paddington, he (the prisoner) being
drunk at the time.

The primmer, when placed at the bar, did not seem to
have sufficiently recovered from his drunken bout of the
previous day.
Alm Richard•oa, a married lady, residing at 7, Hope-
terrace, Notting-bill, said—Myself and my sister-in-law
started from Slough by the 20 minutes past seven o'clock
train to come to London. There was a third lad► got into
the carriage with us. When we stopped at Langley the
prisoner and another man whom I see now at the back of the
court got into the carriage where we were. They were both
very much intoxicated, and the man not in custody was so
drunk that be bed to crawl into the carriage on his bands sal
knees. Directly the train started the prisoner waved his
stick about in a most threatening manner over our heeds,
and I was vary math frightened. The gentleman who is
now behind *led to dap bun flourishing his stick, and the
more he did so the more the prisoner celled upon him to
insult us. He (prisoner) caught hold of my legs and pulled
me down. I was terribly frightened. The prisoner's lan-
guage was most Wombat.
Fanny Richardson, a young lady, sister-in4,w to last wit-
ness, mid—The prisoner made use of most disgusting lan-
guage. The prisoner took hold of the lady not now in
attendance around the waist. The prisoner flourished his
stick over us and terrified us very much. As we were getting
out at West braytai he (prisoner) toJk hold of my sister-in-
law an she rya.
Benjamin Denning, guard to the train from Windsor, said
—When I got to West Drayton the first witness came out
of the carnage in which she bad been, crying, and said that
herself, her friend, and another lady, had been mat
grossly insulted by two men, and their conduct had
been most infamous. They asked me to place them in
another compartment. I did so, and then west back to the
compartment in which the men were, and told them that
the three ladies who had just got out had lodged a com-
plaint with me that they had been insulted by the prisoner.
I told him if I heard of such conduct spin I should take
other means to stop it. After this other passengers got into
the train and we proceeded as far as Southall, where the
train stopped. Here • gentleman got out, and said to me
that himself sad some females bad been most grossly in-
sulted and threatened by the prisoner and his friend. He
gave me his card, and said there was then a lady in the car-
nage in hysterics. I carried the lady out, and cleared the
compartment of the other ladles, and lacked the prisoner
and his friend in till we got to Paddington, where both the
prisoner and the friend of his who stands behind now were
given into custody. (It was afterwards stated that the ease
against this man had not bees proceeded with because he
bad endeavoured to check the disgraceful conduct of his
friend.) . _ _

Inspector Stackersll—l mu at the Paddington Polies-
station when the prisoner and the man now in court were
brought in. The prisoner was very drunk. Hs treated with
the greatest contempt and insolence the praiecutrix and
her friend, and the other lady.
Mr. Knox—This does seem to me to be one of the most
abominable cams that I ever beard of in the era of rail-
way travelling. It is shameful that ladies should be in-
sulted by such drunken filthy fellows. This is a case that
most be seen further into ; it is disgraceful. I can only
say that so far ss I can prevent it, ladies travelling by rail-
way shall not be unprotected. I shall remand the prisoner
for a week, and in the meantime you must get the parties
who ware in the carriage after the first assault took plans
to be in attendance. _ _

The prisoner was then removed to the cells.
A summons was afterwards taken out against his friend
by the railway company for being drunk in one of the
carriages.
CLERILEXWELL.

Mosta: Bennett, • rough-looking fellow, well known to
the pollee, was charged before Mr. IYEyncourt with violently
assaulting and attempting to rob Mr. Thomas John Wall in
the Peatowville-road.

Mr. Thomas Wakeling, of Great Percy-street,
Clerksn-
well, attended for the prisoner.
From the evidence of the complainant it appeared that
he was returning home along the Pentonville-road about
eleven o'clock at night, and when in a dark part be was
suddenly nixed from behind by four men, sad lifted off the
ground. One of the men, whom he knew to be the priso-
ner, pot his arm round his (prosecutor's) neck and nearly
strangled him. So hardly did the prisoner press his neck,
that he felt the pain for hours afterwards. The prisoner
and his companions attempted to rob him, and
turned out his pockets, but he did not lose anything. Had
it not been for the speedy arrival of the police, be waged
opinion that he should have been very much maltreated.
Mr. Wakeling asked the magistrate to decide the cue at
once. It was not the wish of the prosecutor that the pri-
soner should be sent to the sessiona, and by deciding it here
it would save trouble and expense.
Mr. D'Eyncoart said he could pay DO attention to the
wish of the prosecutor. This was a very serious dun of
robbing, and calmed great alarm in the public mind last
winter. He should end the prisoner for trial at the Central
Criminal Court.

Mr. Welding applied that the prisoner might be admitted
to bail, but the applicatioss was refused.

THE CONDEMNED MURDERER LUKE CHARLES.

Soon after the trial of the wretched man Luke
Charles for the murder of bin wife • rumour was prevalent
that be had made a fall anterior' of theatres for which he
had been condemned to die. It was also stated in the
columns of • contemporary that the remarkable fortitude
which the culprit displayed throughout his trial entirely
forsook him on Wednesday morning—that he got up at the
usual hour for rising in gaol, but his strength was so
prostrated that he was compelled to go to bed again
almost immediately. For both them statement+ there
is not the slightest foundation. Ia the first plans, so
far from Charles making • cooferion immediately after
sentence was passed upon biro, be bad, at hie own
request, an interview with Captain Ireland, an officer
of the Irish siastabulary, ands • conversation which
took place between them on the subject of the
murder the criminal protested in the most mime meaner
that he was innocent of the dreadful crime of which the
jury had found him guilty. Secondly, instead of his forti-
tads having forsaken him, or being completely prostrated,
few ecimithle who have been inmates of the condemned cell
at Kindele gaol have exhibited such cheerfulness and ,
firmness as this man Charles. He sate and sleeps well, sad
converses freely with all who approach him. It Is very '
clear from observation, that have fallen from him 111000
his trial that he never expected the jury would coovict
him of the murder. Oa Friday he intimated his desire
to communicate with Mr. Pope, the leaned counsel
who defended him, upon the subject of • me-
morial being got up and sent to the Queen,
asking that his life might be spared. He was
informed, either by the learned counsel or another gen-
demo orienected with theists' profession. that it would be
of
so use to mod • manorial to bee Majesty ; that the only
thin which would be likely to affect the sentence was far
him to prove that he was not with the unfortunate women
on the night of the sassed murder. On this informatics
beteg conveyed to Chalon, he said be must induce some of
his friends " outside" to get up • petition, expressing at the
name time his belief that if the circumstances under which
be had been convicted were fully sot forth and explained is
the petition, the sentence of the law would not ha carried
out. Being a Roman cathoUe, Charles is attended daily by
the Rev. M. Gikeloe, an eines* priest ol that shandy who
will mare so nine to bring Ida to • booming saw of the
fearful pretties in which be is placed. In the orilleary
coarse of things the exesetion will take place at Saturday
wee. —Liverpool Mowry.

30, 1863.
17H2 SUSPECTED MURDER
_AND R BEERY IN

LIMISHOUSE.

The investigation into the circumstances of this
extraordiaary teas wee mood yesterday by Mr. H. Barnes
Waltbew, deputy eareser, at the Victoria Tama, Three
Ooltotrest, Lineations,. Mr. Lewis. of Bly-plaos, appeared
on behalf of the family of the deceased imotleman, and
Inspector Beare attended to watch the case on the pert of
►

of Police.

The facts of this case have been already fully published.
On the occasion of the last sittiog of the court it was
Mated by Edmund De Cal., brother of • soldier is •
oaialq regional in Manchester, that the deceased, Mr.
John Drisodl, met his brother is Whitechapa is the 7th
of November, and that they all three went to the Victoria
Theatre, sad thisoos to the Bower Saloon, sad that the de-
waged left the latter place in a cab with a young wens*,
whom he had " picked up." Tbe brothers De 0•11 saw
him (the demand) no mere. This evidence was the
more extraordinary, as it bad been hitherto 'mangled
that the dammed had mat his death in the River Les
on the night of tie 31st of October. On that day the de-
ofw was described as being • steady
man temperate habits, and who hid just
from Spain as some importent beams: had stated that
be had been dodged by a man who had seen him draw
mosey at the Beak. He went out for a short walk, and
was never seen by his Meads alive after. Oo the 28th of
November hie body was got out of the River Lea near
Limbos's" bridge, and about 181. wee missing from his
pockets, in which, however, were • silver watch and a pair
of edam's gloves, afterward, found to belong to Abu
be (kis. What made the statements of the brother
De Cain, that they met the deceased on the 7th November,
141/ credible, was that • woman aamed Newton, wbo lived
opposite to the spot where deceased was got out of the
water, said that on the night of the 31st of October she saw
• soldier, precisely answering the description of John
De Car, over the river, and that later in the night go
heard the voices of three mss, who appeared to be carryieg
something, and that then there was • heavy splash is the
water.

. 11; Coroner, upon taking his seat, said that since the ad-
=mamt he had received proofs that the soldier, Jobs
a:, did not leave Manchester until the let of No-
vember. If that was the case the statement of Mn.
Newton, as to what was done on the 31m of October, could
have so relevancy to the death of the deesseed, who was
knows to have been alive is the compasy of De Oak
while the latter was is London. The adjutant of the 14th
Hussars had written the following letter upon the
matter :—" Manchester, Deo. 26, 1863. —Sir, —ln re-
ply to your letter et yesterday, respecting Pri-
vet* John De Call, 14th Human, I have to inform you
that I have just questioned him epos the points on which
i yen wish some nformation, with the following results :
John De Can met the deemed maa, Driscoll, on the
7th of November, opposite the Turk's Head, WhitechapeL
He left here on the evening of the Ist, and arrived in Lou-
don on the 2rad of November. He says that it was a mistake
about the Princess's Theatre, as he never went there—the
Victoria Theatre beim the one he went to with the do-
monad, and met the actor Potter.—l am, yours, he.,
J. DIUST BATOOM Adjutant 14th Human.'
Another letter proved that De Cain's leave of absence
was from theist to the 28th November. A letter from the
chid of pane, Manchester, stated that De Cain was a
steady man, and that he had himself volunteered to give
informatics about the matter when he saw the accounts in
the newspapers.
Mr. Lewis said that it was quite possible that Mrs. New-
ton should have been mistaken in fixing the date of the
Wash Is the water as the 31st October instead of the 7th of
November. Both those days were Saturdays.
Mn. Newton (re-relied) said that she was positive the
date was Oct. 3L

Dr. Nightingale said that the deceased, who we. got out
of the water on the 28th of November, bad been about
three weeks immersed. Deathbed been caused by drowningdeceased's
The Coroner said that the week preceding the
death remained quite unaccounted for. The case was in
many respects most extraordinary, but there really appeared
to be oo ream for doubting the statement of De Cam that
the last he saw of him wu his join off in a cob with a
young woman en the night of the Tilt of November. An
open verdict, that would leave the polio. at liberty to follow
up any fresh clue, would be the best to return.
The jury returned a verdict, "Teat demand was found
drowned in the river lea, but bow be came into the water
there was no evidence to show."