The Express.
London, England, 1855-08-11 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 11.

Trit Austrian Government, we are informed by
the Journal of Ilviskfort, has remonstrated with the
King of Nart.zo. and warned him of the conse-
quences that may ensue from the errors of his
Ministry. If King BOINA possesses any talent for
repartee, a fine opportunity for its exercise is here
presented to him. He may tell his monitors that his
policy has been exactly modelled on their own. Mho
has thrown himself for support against the Constitu-
tionalists on the Lezzaroni with their knives, Austria
some time ago stirred up a servile insurrection in
Gallicia, in order to weaken the patriot land-
owners. If his brutal officers of police have
beaten unoffendiog citizens in the most brutal
manner, parallel eases under Austrian rule
may be collected by the dozen from the recent annals
of the Danubian Principalities and Lombardy. Nay,
even the inhuman treatment of Potato and his asso-
ciates in their imprisonment is little more than 'a
faithful copy of the maltreatment of SiLvto PI u.rco
and other victims of Austrian vindictiveness. It is
not easy to conjecture what rejoinder Austria could
make to such a retort. Perhaps Count BVOL might
remind the King of NAPLES of the old apothegm
which represents laws as spiders' webs—strong
enough to catch flies, though broken through by wasps.
A great monarch like the EXPIROB may indulge in
peccadilloes which are sure to bring destruction on
any of his weaker brethren who may practise them.
Or perhaps Count Bum. might tell hie Neapolitan
lods,EsTY, as a Scotch divine of rather equivocal cha-
racter once frankly told his congregation, " to follow
his preaching, not his practice." But let the Aus-
trian Government say what it will in its exhortation
to King BONISA, it has evidently placed itself in the
category of those who set themselves to work to pull
the mote out of their brother's eye, forgetting the
beam that is in their own. After all, it is not to be
wondered at that the Austrian Government should
be mortified by the pranks of the King of NAPLES.
It must feel while contemplating them something of
the same humiliation which most men feel when they
look at an ape caricaturing humanity.
Yet may the friends of liberty and humanity ex-
tract matter for encouragement out of this most impu-

dent Austrian homily to brother sinner. It shows
that the old despotisms are haunted with fears of
what awaits them in the future. They feel that a
spirit is growing up throughout Europe that wills's*
admit of being trifled with ; that they have stretched
human endurance nearly to its utmost limits. II
this consciousness is not yet strong enough to maks
them amend their courses, it is sufficiently vivid ts
lead them to warn their neighbours of the danger of
the courses they are pursuing. Governments, like
individuals, prefer being virtuous by proxy—it is so
much easier to rate others for offences than to correct
ones own faults. But this kind of vicarious atone-
ment will not suffice. When the day arrives
on which King Bosom must reckon with his
subjects, Austria may test assured that the
time is not far distant when she will
herself be called to account. She may see in the
case fif Russia how perseverance in false and tor-
tuous policy raises up enemies where they would least
be looked tor. Who would have ventured to prog-
nosticate a month ago that Russia had anything to
dread from a nation so impoverished, so torn with
dissensions as Spain? Relying upon the weakness
of that country, Russia thought it might safely
tamper with the pretender to its throne in the hope
of exciting disturbances on the French frontier.
But the consequence of these intrigues has been that
Spain is about to send an auxiliary force of 25,000
men to fight under the banners of the Allies. The
incessant intrigues of Russia are rapidly augmenting
the alliance against her. First Sardinia and now
Spain have joined its ranks, and new accessions may
speedily be looked for. As Russia, by goading weak
states beyond endarauce, has roused them to unex-
pected active hostility, Austrs, if she persist in the
oppression of subjects whose weakness she despises,
will, by leaving them nothing worse to fear, convert
them into formidable insurgents.

ACCORDING to the late quarterly return of the
Registrar-General, the number of marriages in the
first quarter of the present year was only 613 to
every 100,000 of the population, that number being
24 in the 100,000 less than in any other correspond-
ing quarter in the whole series since 1843. The
number of births in proportion to the popula-
tion was greater in the quarter ended June 30
than in seven of the ten corresponding quarters since
1843, but the proportion of deaths was also greater
in six of the corresponding quarters of the series.
The excess of births over deaths in the last quarter
was 58,666; in the corresponding quarter of last year
the grave was 69,754. The flood of our population
is therefore slackened. Last year the number of
emigrants who left the ports where there are emi-
gration agents, in the second quarter, was 99,545;
this year the number who left in the second quarter
MS 65,210. The diminution in the number of emi-
grants therefore much more than compensates for the
diminution in the excess of births over deaths. At
a time when the State has need of the services of all
her able-bodied children,when she employs foreigners
to complete her legions, such a diminution of emigra-
tion is satisfactory, and seems to meet the public
requirements.

Since the period when it was thought advisable to
encourage emigration by devoting a portion of the
poor rates to promote it, and provide for
the emigrants in the colonies, the problem
of population has essentially altered. First, the
gold discoveries in California and Australia were such
a great temptation to our people to go to the United
States and Australis, that the emigration to both
places was for a time overdone. From New York,
after much suffering, many emigrants have of late re-
turned, and till the very last accounts from Aus-
tralia, the colonies had more people than they could
well find employment for. Again, indeed, they are
beginning to need labourers. But now we want
at home and for our army and navy all the youth-
ful and vigorous hands we can obtain, and It hes
become quits impolitic in the State to encourage emi-
gration. We have no wish to en its policy suddenly
and directly reversed, and no intention of requiring
the State to place any impediments whatever in the
way of emigration. On the contrary, we are well
convinced that a man who cannot make his way here.l
and can make it in Australia or the States, will con-
tribute more to our wealth and strength by leaving
is than by staying in the sountry. But between sot
staPping emigration sad devoting the palate fends

to promote it there is a wide difference, and present
circumstances demand that our funds should no longer
be applied to such a purpose. Oar policy must now
be altered, though not reversed, and the State must
at least ones to promote the expatriation of those
whose services it needs.

We learn, therefore, with some surprise, that the
Emigration Commissioner, continue very active.
They have jest advertised for vessels to proceed to
Melbourne and Sydney to be ready for passengers
between the 24th of September and the 4th of
October, which is the more extraordinary as, ac-
cording to late advice' from Melbourne, the Govern-
ment there had appropriated, to defray its own ex-
penditure, half the funds accruing from the sale of land
destined to promote emigration. In the present
tempting circumstances of the colony, which bring
Chinese into it in thousands, it may be doubted
whether the Government at home should allow the
land revenues any longer to be appropriated to carry
away people from England ; but there can be no doubt
that it ought not to devote a sixpence of its own funds
to send our youth to Australia. The Commissioners.
however, are to send four other ships from Plymouth
to Australia in August, though they have lately
despatched a considerable number of emigrants to
the colonies. From Liverpool, in the month of July,
12 vessels carried to Australia 2,223 passengers,
and 429 went out in government vessels—that
is, in vessels freighted by the Government for the
purpose of conveying away the people. It is also
stated that there have recently left Plymouth the
Thames with 290 emigrants, the Balnagwith with
208, the Ramilies with 279, and the Victoria Regis
with 283; or 1,060 emigrants sent out by the Go-
vernment to different parts of Australia. Besides
these, a number of private passenger ships left the
same port in July. The Government, by this pro-
ceeding ems pulling too much on the population.
It is burin g the candle of the national life at both
ends; and the consumption at the emigration end is
pure waste.
Emigration commissioners and emigration agents

may perhaps be required to see that passenger ves-
sels are properly provided with provisions, water,
boats, &c., but we believe the ordinary custom-
house clearing officers could perform all these du-
ties. At any rate, to continue an expense of 16,8001.
year for an emigration board, emigra-
tion agents, emigration chaplains, &c.
is now improper. It is so much money
misapplied. It is not merely unnecessarily spent, it
is spent injuriously. It promotes emigration when
emigration has ceased to be desirable. We shall not
enter minutely into the items of which the whole
am of 16,8001. is made up, but 8,7081. for an emi-
gration board, and 5,9121. for emigration sasistants
at Glasgow, Londonderry, Belfast, Dublin, Sligo,
Limerick, Cork, Galway, Waterford, Tralee, Tarbert,
&c., look much more like bribes for political parti-
sans, corruption for electors and elected, than legiti-
mate payments for useful and necessary services. So
a sum of 2,10 W. for medical inspection, for chaplains,
for a floating emigrant hospital, &c., appears to
us a very suspicions appropriation of the public
funds. From sending out emigrants to Canada in
1847 there is this year a sum to pay to Canada of
10,5001. Our great zeal in expatriating the people
has entailed on us no inconsiderable expense besides

130,0001., to support them after they were sent away.
As a rule they not only support themselves but the
Government, and the policy which makes them
burden instead of a benefit is pernicious.

ELECTION IN:

The Hon. W. Cowper, whose return to Parliament I
is net ,likely to be opposed, has lasted an address to the
electors of Hertford, in which he says :
" The magnitude of the expeditions which England has
been obliged to undertake for the purpose of restraining the
aggressive designs of Russia against the freedom sod civili-
sation of Europe, and the distance from the sources of sup-
ply at which our army has to operate, threw upon the mili-
tary departments a burden which, at first, they were unable
to sustain ; but new departments have now been organised,
and old ones re-modelled, and the army is full supplied with
everything needful, and is preserved from many of the hard-
ships the enemy has still to endure. • •
" I shall be happy to give in person any explanations of
my political views that may be desired; but I believe that, at
the present moment, you are less inelined to enter into ;Lose
general topics than to demonstrate to the nation at large the
desire to give such support and encouragement to the Go-
vernment of Lord Palmerston as may enable him to give
full effect to his declared resolution of prosecuting the war
with the utmost vigour and energy, as the surest way of
attaining as honourable and lasting peace."
Mr. Bouveris, addressing his late constituents, re-
fers to the 'proposal to obtain peace by yielding to the
enemy's demand, and adds—" Austinr way is by pene-
Terence in a vigorous prosecution of the war ; by a determi-
nation to spare co effort and sacrifice to reduce the preten-
sions and to bale the designs of our foe, by a resolution to
win those fair terms of pacification from his consciousness
of defeat which it is idle to expect from his justice or his
moderation. Such I believe to be the right road to a
restoration of peace."