The Express.
London, England, 1852-06-03 00:00:00

SOCIETY OF ARTS.-EXHIBITION

The usual weekly' meeting of the Society of Arta
was held yesterday, Mr. SIDNEY Sidings in the chair, when
the 22nd of the lectures in connexion with the articles
displayed at the Great Exhibition was delivered by
L. Arnoux, Esq., of Stoke-upon-Trent, on ceramic ma-
nufactums, porcelain, pottery, &c. Mr. Amour being a
foreigner his lecture was readby Mr. Grove, the secretary.
The paper commenced_ by stating that amongst the va-
rious articles sent to the Exhibition few attracted so much
public notice as those exhibited in Classes 25 and 27, which
included specimens of the ceramic art from every part of
the world. The an of ....torn afforded numerous
for the gratification of our wants and taste. The progress
of the ceraulic tit was Intimately connected with that of
the arts and sciences in general. From the decline of Greek
set the ceramic art had raid dormant fur 20 centuries, and
it was only in the 15th and 16th centuries that atten-
tion was again directed towards the subject. England
had been amongst the most backward of the nations in
promoting the revival and advance of the art till 1760,
when Wedgwood founded his first establishment, since
which period she had outstripped all others in productions
of this nature. In the present day the anneal production
of English pottery could not he estimated at less than
2,000,0001., no less than 18.5 factories being engsged in this
important branch of national industry. 52 were scattered
over the country at Leeds, Stockton, Sunderland, Glaegow,
Bristol, Swansea, and 133 in Staffordshire, where 60,000
persons were now employed in the manufacture of pottery.
Euglish :pottery fiirmed an important branch of her ex-
ports, no less than S 2 million pieces having been exported in
the List year, the value of which was 1,122,1881. Nature pro-
sided England abundantly with the clay, flint, felspar. and
mineral feel, which were necessary for the production of
pottery. In France the cost of firsug the same quantity of
ware was not leas than 301., which in England only cost
81. In machinery and the firing pruceass, however,
there was room for much improvement in England.
Some specimens of bricks of great emouthutes and angularity
had been exhibited by Mr. Minton. There was a feeling
against the use of enamelled brick, and terracotta for
building purposes in this country, but he thought they
might be used with advantage fur such a purpose in this
country. Terracotta was used extensively in Vienna and
Berlin, where the winters were certainly as rigorous as in
London. /laving glanced at the manufacture of teeeeras
and encaustic tiles, and the various purposes of ornamenta-
tion to which they might be applied, Mr. Arnoux passed on
to the most important article of English ceramic manufac-
ture—namely, earthenware—which had arrived at such a
point of perfection that this country had nothing to fear
from foreign competition. 'limy had only to follow the lino
traced by Wedgwood. The value of the English earthen-
ware exported was 1,062,0001., and so highly was it esteemed
on the Continent that many foreign manufacturers thought
the best recommendation they could give their wares wan to
stamp them with the name of Wedgwood. France hod
only 5 or 6 first-rate establishments for the manufacture of
earthenware, and that they might be benefited, the whole
French nation was prevented by high protective duties
from getting English earthenware at a cheap rate. There
were 3,000 persons employed in the manufacture of earthen-
ware in and she exported 5,000 tons. Austria
was much behind both France and Prussia; but so superior
was England to all these countries, that purchasers fre-
quently preferred her earthenware to bard porcelain. Mr.
Arnoux then passed from the unvitrifled to the vitrified
manufactures, commencing with Parian,or statuary ware,
uit was sometimes called. Parian ware had been intro-
duced only 6or 7 years, and the perfection to which it had
been brought did great credit to our manulacturen. In
the making of Parian figures the limbs were cut separately,
and thenwere afterwards joined together. The figures con-
tracted to the extent of one-fourth of the model, and great
care was required that they were not spoiled in COUR..
quence. The firing, too, required great attention. These
l'erian figures took more trampareney than the old French
biscuit. They were manufactured with great skill by
Messrs. Minton, Wedgwood, Copeland, Rose, and others,
and they excited a great deal of admiration on the part of
the foreign exhibitors. The manufacture of porcelain was
known at a very early period. It was certainly known to
the Egyptians. In the year 1518 the Portuguese in-
troduced some specimens from China into Europe,
and it was not till 200 years after this that the manufac-
ture of soft porcelain was founded in France. There were
185 factories of soft porcelain iu England, which employed
24,000 per•ons. The greatest part of the manufactured ar-
tteles were purchased in the home market, the exports
amouating to only 64,0001. Soft porcelain was note good
as the hard porcelain, and it only maintained its place by
the artistic value which it was capable of receiving. The
manufacture of hard porcelain had greatly extended in
France of late years. The exports from France in 1816
amounted to 320,000/. ; in 1850 they amounted to 670,0004;
and they were probably not less than 800,000/. last year.
She exported these manufactureelchiefly nil/Um:rice and the
continental states, and having arrived at great perfection,
she was more liberal in admitting other countries to com-
pete with her in respect to these articles. But the specis
mein exhibited by Mr. Minton were superior to any pro-
duced on the continent. The Zoilverein states had forty
factories of hard porcelain, in which 5,000 men were
employed, and they exported to the extent of four
hundred tuna. Both earthenware and porcelain were
derived from the cast, they panned successively through
Italy and France, and though England was the latest in
receiving them, it was on her soil that they reached their
greatest perfection. (Hear, hear.) She would not lose the
advantage she had acquired by her industry, her capital,
and her skill, if she did not repose in,her success ; she had
not improved so much for ten previous years in the ceramic
art as she had since the year 1851. (Hear, hear.) But she
must advance in ornamentation and design, and for
this purpose schools of design ought to be esta-
blished as soon u possible, where the pupils
might receive a special education in those branches
of industry on which they were to be employed. Tuu much
attention was paid in England to painting in flowers.
Design in flowers was taught to the exclusion of almost
everything efse. This was not the came in the best period
of art. They could not expect a tribunal such as canted
in Greece for deciding upon the best ceramic productions;
but he hoped it would nut be destroyed by the mercantile
spirit being carried to an extreme. They should cultivate
art and taste, and they would tied both profit and honour
in no doing.
A vote of thanks was paned to Mr. Arnoux for Lis in-
teresting paper.

'ARY COMMITTEES.

Lab) intelltgence.

EQUITY COURTS.—YearithDaY.
arenses AT WMTIMMIIIIM—Moons TAO LOAD CRAM:SUM.
Several petitions la lunacy were disposed of.
IS SS Teoar.--Caszte IT CONSIOSZIO OPWIST 'XMAS
The Meals istethat he thief eedethestetes la the band
of harks end hi tWeeneapt The Weet lodise
appeared to hen 4EBO been el ethelimalds /de=
it was sow, se slated. esemlealig ea nreed hes it about
VAL The ameignessef then maim led node ts
anseestimg le • hey Ina cwt
ensued thetip;l:e-
-alma en melds palsied emeenase Ahead ea the life
Olf the kande wen Mae& by the genet 40 110 INEO est of
the ream of the home and toehold eataith without pads-
Gnu :Le (roam wieuir tie mew At
gag time uovation.
wean
was axed, the maim wora prihntahlg ea memo of about
6,0001. a year. The etaidgmes now petitioned the emir% as
wen in Chancery se hi Massy, pitying to be freed from all
future liability is reipme of the West Indite estates, that
they might retain We ems in their heads is part
payment of • debt it MAIL due by the Jamaica estate,
sad that WSW Nadel es slave compensation under the
Lima:iodise Let rubs be paid towards the bather dis-
charge of their debt. Thee w also a polities praying the
court to order payment of the premiums on the policies of
assurauce out of the rental of the English estates, the West
Indian mental being iamillaisee fur the perms, sad that
the coasignees should be snowed to bold the polities in
enmity fur their debt.
Mr. Stuart, Mr. Bounden Palmer, sad Mr. Besaalle
supported the typhoidal' ; Sir W. Page Wood sad Mr.
(sidled were fur the oenunitteos of the mete; Mr. Melina
sad Mr. Boyle fee the tenant for life; Mr;=eand Mr.
Cotton regeseaseed pieties Gadded se She
Alter the Marne& ennead ispemeitheg ins weiam late-
rests ia the =Miele& bees beard,
The Lod Maude" threshed the awe to stand awe till
the lins manias of the thud Mtn tans, ekes the legal
'Wimp the• ts lavolved:zillasessfoUrkaaargesd. The test peke was,
say dirge ea the lake-
Timms. If they hod, it meet le ea • pound *Mar to
what is termed • salvage" is behead—dm is to es , oaths
that as oseeignees they Imo dews sae-
sssed y peso sling whisk be Isailed to prevent
the twin of the pregmly, sad to pesperve B to the IA&
dime. It weealliged that they bed dew se la VW peewee
• them Were it otherwise, it would be shwa menateal that
pienthe dealing with the lomat for life without may agree-
ewe whatever with those entitled to the remiartiat 1181111
Ea the leheriMaes with sums adveased in the mem of
Ewe dean.. Looking at the lenge amoant of the able
doe to the esedgeses. mid the peel: Ism ea the West
Wien esialse whisk wadi yeasty isms% It wen of die
peamit imperteres that all the perdu thileseeled disedd
.aide well the dale (gases. For it might become the
• ef this aft le order, if the Neste la the West lodise
sad ate be odd, that it should be Amassed. Ms plena
t=es the subject of the pigment of the pinmlnme
e we, that they with eimgeelle wart the
hmetife Nth basest in the degish, m well ae the West
• lades ellen Ikr all his remedy wee liable for
the pegmeat of his rteßet Ore quells= would be
th~mewl when lithe =Writ seek ems before the
wet With the dew of bsvis the lead pthats clearly
ti
med began the ethyl. WWM, suggested that the
asses} Amid ewe le • peelleali elatemeat, like
a amid ere ia the memo of kw.
In as Commutes Lt3IACT.—EXTSPISION or TM 101
Tsarina.

Mr. Bathell, OR behalf of the heat e, saved that
the time for proceeding with the Mae traverse allowed
by this court a few weeks er, be -heeded until the =oath
el Jesuitry neat.
The Lord Chessellar—Have I latiedisein
Ms. Beduin muitenied that the used section of the
set gave he power to -tend the hate. Th. ap•
plicate= wee slowest et by in thirdreiZ e the
betas to facilitate as arsiagssest
the neoweitp of wag to triaL
fir W. Pip Ws* is dean the eating et As
parties, istpreseed s hope OM a eatiellishey sisisgsmsst
would be men e is
The Lord Cheassaur sold it sea clear, free the seined
eosin, that he Mil is extend the ass The horsed
imemo take the saw ; sal he (the Lord
trusted that as amstesmist be
seise to ail=l have the east et waft the teissidiming
▪ thh safeetsaate lady's property.

COURT OF QURF.N'B BENClL—YErnatuy.
Sirrume oe DANco.—Basom Lem Chummy ILL JUSTUS
IMO. AND Na. imam Campeau.
THE QIIIIN v. TR, YOllll AND No/a= MIDLAND RAIL-

WAT COUPAWT.

Is this Calls s moilswas bed bees .M aides at
We defendants W esedreet pet of a lee of -la
Torkehir. The _r bid obleked ea eetbieb,
Wte:
awlW IS INIF•li • Milroy Prom Y. Mark*
se Beverley. The Use float Yak to Nubia
Mown bed lea eempreed, bet dr Has boa dr Leer
Owe be Bomb, lid wet hue oemened. odd die mew
Imo seamed tip esailmellee of Wow idles of As Ewe
dwa MAW Moore at Amery; Dora no Mess
awed Wm as of dr ewereey lbo
eurresdea efill=ffhter 411. ed,. eel soiled a amber
• el bieerwelredeo iebbb lewd dew b. emplailes.
Mr. B. id& 'ben rem lb. lA* entwded.
of the reederw, that ti. .t of pediment ros
ea Ile orepaity w werleset A. rbuie of the
The Solleirghowel. ?BA "Nome r WalerB

red Mt Addle% ordieded theirawl mil not order
Ile earreellesiorely ore pubs slabs el allarey, end
that tbe web " M deill be leellir de Ile elk IMO terealy
penninivel and all the aorbertou rum he die Aft
Mr. H. Hillbabe replied,
Judgment was Mitred.
uncussal NM tam or Ifftssen—lbme Ms. bona Catamali
An • Oimpon Jam.
This
r. Ifsanmardernare Taameac-noste.
This was an ribs he mew Wow rooey lent, mmil de
diellabot pleaded, earn ells Wags, that theism, wbat he the were dWee err "as unlawful leetsb
; to wif. bore feebig.'
Q.C. sad lb. Cho soak appeared bur the
and Kr. Prentice he the delhodest
The he was awls this " esol-erade," bed sr
• diet i• MO, be
des to hies be m Jose.
asks
ery. mg be Mk lis ih3:2
weer slowied la • week et lea dip. The
rid be Instal 111:85e paeoLearelledy in Hawses
Market, sad bo NMI sent betties. Witmer sobs
sapiently, solo sovend he parrot of tho
money, whim Ile mid he wee easy shirt of
bite he would pby Se deb eat ef the lam warm hem
shwasget.
er ,
the bill dla toseosembeeles admitted
sod Set
lad kbe lad
lab&
• betties list at IMOdds& Throe. I. IS. Sehrebeee it..
toed, end apse OS ebb he wee salad hi
earn enewst—dOL et 011.—ef 'Nahum lee dose
been pad. H• wria a dedwaher rpm dr Cep—oes
exactly • defaulter, DS le led sal yeld abet dales! ISM
Precious to June, ledfkle led of ulleed lb bellies lint le
the &tuft Muss, mad soberquiedy be mini mod b.
Dieted es ebertiessint et a del wale Needles'
Tee le beep el be No
ifteelhedrliest.
Vbs. well wet Iles be wee not to soy ire is
tble►.tdep VA, bat he. es • bind, one •Needling Sirs*
lees bow le hese It, aced pew bit hooka.
Sevevel helm of the aisle* to let this
pietedf has ism rem reed.
lir. Parka lbw Ile bey. sod rid he
Amnia Ale =ehi beth 7.4.77 Si be mod in
lad ilanileir=ip, old act bet to the deas&last.
Our ligalhasi. the sell
wee ea deed is sup-
port of die elelessit. Ile aid be we • belling ars. sad
• sesedlie ef Thelesedre. bet be milled brim did act
=ate AM elblillissal le loam let he paid a soh-
% fie Nem Neumsefeet. eal bud • rig
own ht to so
Mae it. Alms the Derby et UN dr ~ Is We
end he aryl witness SKr lit • Id be fat up is his
rose et the Now He amads4, NA be NI he }wisereejties Ms nely. The pbbillfeeeldaelemy
st is Wt bases bs eeser was a
mid Nile rise. dobellee. lilloss es ail of
pedal Ant TOL et SOL by the lempeelles le hod
MOM awe Ile -,
may.
osII lambs mord la treed • yew
dist fst *SW bt