The Express.
London, England, 1852-09-07 00:00:00

'VHE EXPRESS, TITESDAY EVENING. SEPTEMBER 7. 1852

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LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPT. 7.

CONSIDERING that two articles have appeared in
the English and French government journals, boast-
ing whet English and French diplomacy is about to
achieve in the estuary of the Plate, and in the rivers
which descend into that greet water already
open to the world; reasonable and better informed
people begin to have their fears and apprehensions
that Lord Sl.sunsto.ast and M. lteouvN tie L'llurs
can scarcely appreciate the character of the people
they have to deal with,—can hardly understand the
past history of these countries,--and are running the
risk of losing substantial advantages for European
commerce by grasping at too much.
Sir CIIARLE.4 GOTHAM, the British Minister re-
molly sent out, is, no doubt, a clear-headed, sensible
man, well acquainted with the languages of South
America, and having some experience of what, how-
ever, may tend to mislead rather than to direct him,
Ramos Ayrean politics. But, as he must be
guided by his instructions, it is very impor-
tant that those instructions should be reasonable
and moderate in their tenour, and give him a
very considerable latitude, not merely as respects
their contents, but as toeo-operation with his French
colleague, M. DE Sr. GEORGES. Of that gentleman
nothing is known, except that he had previously
be n in South America in a subordinate position.
But, if he be directed to use at Sante Fe the language
of the French government journal in Paris, he may
prove • very dangerous associate fur the British
minister; for what France hitherto has aimed,
at is to establish political influence, whilst England
can only want trade in these countries.
When Sir CHARLES GOTHAM lately met, on
reaching the shores of South America, the gallant
Admiral GRENFELL, he naturally solicited that
commander's views and asked has advice. The
reply. Sir CIIARLES received was pregnant with
practical wisdom:—" Vgau attrmpt nothing, you will
rain earrything : if you attempt anything, you will
gain malting." And the reason for this reply
is very obvious. The upper provinces of the Argen-
tine Confederation, having at last thrown off the
supremacy of Buenos Ayres and destroyed the ty-
ran uy of Itos.es, are now assembled at Santa Fe, again
to try to form and consolidate • federal republic,
in which all the separate states shall have'
equal rights and privileges, and so be protected from
the predominance of the frontier province. Now,
hitherto European diplomacy has only been known
as dealing with and recognising Buenos Ayres; and
on that account it will be suspiciously received at
Santa Fe. The chiefs and people there met are not
the representatives of well-organised communities,
of long-seasoned states, or of • population en-
lightened according to European notions. They
are naturally simple, but, when roused, savage
men, who have been harassed, perplexed,
and injured by internecine wars and con-
flicts; desirous of peace, to turn the advantages
of their tine country to account; resolved no longer to
be tributary and subject to Buenos Ayres; but
having no great internal mental resources to rely on,
no eminent statesman to direct them, no constitu-
tional habits or traditions whereon to repose, they
meet to construct, according to their own fashion
and in their own way, political society ; and they must
be permitted to do so without let or hindrance from
wiser nation.; for they alone can work out their own
redemption.
At their head is URQUIZA, • successful, and, in the
midst of his success, a moderate and temperate
soldier. URQUIZA is, however, only • guacho
is hie origin. Ile passed from herds to
arms in the troubles of his province • has
acquired distinction and wealth ; and, besides
being now Governor, is now the chief proprietor of
Entre Rio.. Of the policy of his own country,
URQUIZA has defined views ; and these, if allowed,
he will carryout ; but if thwarted therein may force
upon the Confederation. Like the rest of his contests-
',varies and rivals, Uagnus, however, knows little
of, and cares but little for, European wishes or wants.
They happily accord with his policy, and, if kept in
the hWtground, will probably prevaiL But if
brought prominently forward, they will excite
= jealousy and bring LIGE himself into disparage-
ment.

Limiting then their proceedings to the courtesies
of diplomacy, to congratulations on the liberation of
the Confederation from the terrorism of ltos.ts, to
general encouragements now to complete that con-
stitution which for the last twenty years bas been
suspended, and to expressions of European interest
in the fitter, of the States—Sir Cn.uxtts 110171 AN
sad M. ox ST. 06011431.4 will do well. But going
farther, they will get on to dangerous ground.
Applied to for advice and counsel, after
they have by a judicious abstinence from
interference excited and secured confidence,
European experience may be of great value in
solving Argentine difficulties and in laying down
great principles. But if they attempt hastily to
snatch out of this distant assembly political capital
for Lord MALMEABVIIT and M. MIAMI DI LMUTB,
tires hiltw will await them.

The first thing MCA is ouch an adjustment and I
settlement of the esastitution of the Argentine
Confedenttion as will secure peace and good govern-
ment throughout its states; for without these
political blessings any extension of their own
commercial relations is hopeless. Now, the die-
malty here is to regulate the pretensions and
material superiority of Buenos Ayres to the
asesasidee id the upper provinces, less advanced in
civilisation. It is from them that the future wealth
and greatness of the Confederation must spring; and
they are naturally and properly unwilling to be for
ever tributary to baenos Ayres. The position of that
port, its acquired wealth, its intelligent population,
and its connexion • with Europe must, of course,
always enure for it important advantages. But the
interests of the upper provinces are quite opposed to
its having any monopoly of their trade, or any ex-
alesive levying of import duties. And therefore it
is that whilst they seek, Bums Ayres opposes, the
free navigson of the upper streams.
The second thing to be secured is consequently
the free navigation of the Parana, the Paraguay, the
Piloomayo, the Vermejo, and the Salado, to the
fluriatio states themselves; to place the island of
Martin Garcia, which commands their flow into the
estuary, under the protection of the Confederation,
and to fix the capital of the Confederation at a point
on the Parana, say at Santa Fe or at Bajada
opposite, where the government will be central sad
from position powerful. And here lies the tempta-
tion for European diplomacy. It CIO hardly resist
trying to procure this extension of free navigation to
European commerce. That is most desirable. Bet
it is just the subject on which Admiral Gerstrztt's
advice should be followed—" Ask for nothing, and
you will gain everything." Involved in this question
of free navigation are the finances of the Confedera-
tion ; and until a fiscal system for their collection be
arranged, any serious attempt to gain free admission
for British navigation might be regarded as directed
to escape (as we formerly did when Portugal had a
colony at Colonist) from taxation; if not to establish
political influence and control. The greatest caution
is therefore necessary; and the freer Sir CHARLEI
fiuTuAii allows the deliberations on this subject to
at Santa Pt, the more likely are British vowels to
gain admittance to these great rivers.
By means of steam navigation thereon a new
world would be opened to Europe; we should be
come as familiar with the interior of Brazil, with
shy and timid Paraguay, with the upper states of the
Argentine Confederation, and with Uruguay, as we
no•r are with the hanks of the Mississippi and the
design

Ins less of the late Secretary of the Board of
Trade will be sensibly and widely felt. The integ
tit y of the deceased, his elegant and varied accent-
pgshments, and his amiable disposition, conspired to
yonder him a cherished ornarvnt of • wide mail
eisele. His "Progress of the.Naties," sad other eon-
tribstlons in statistical literature,Mutelevated him to
the rank of an authority. in discussions on most
mold sad economical questions. And his indefati-
gable idostry, combined with his amenity, intelli-
gens% and knowledge, made him a public servant
of the very first clam. It is literally true that Mr.
PORTER worked himself to death. A colleague used
playfully to allege that PORTER pretended to avail
himself of the holidays allowed in the ethos. but
that if strict search were made, he would doubtless
be found hid in some obscure nook, working away as
usual.
In no circumstances would it be easy to fill up the
vacancy occasioned by the loss of such a man. The
clam of the PORTERS and DEACON HUMES is at no
time a very numerous one. But the reckless spirit
of jobbing in patronage evinced by the present
Ministers since their accession to office, and the
eagerness to tamper with the returns of the Board of
Trade evinced by several of them, even while in
opposition, warrant our anxious distrust as to the
manner in which they may see fit to confer the ap.
pointment under the Board of Trade left at their
disposal by the death of Mr. PORTEJL
Some curious expressions have been made recently
by provincial journals about the extent to which go-
vernment patronage, especially in the department of
the Admiralty, has been distributed, apparently with
no other view than to confirm the fidelity of minis-
terial votes in Parliament. The loss of Mr. Pow=
rivals the yet recent loss of a young man of kindred
dispositions and talents, who was rapidly rising la
the civil employment—Mr. Joscr• Fterenea. Ad
the loss of Mr. FLETCHER suggests the question—
bow has the office he held under the Committee of
the Council of Education been filled up ? On this
head nothing is known beyond the appearance of a
kind of commessiqwei, which went the round of the
newspspers about the time of his death, to the effect
that an appointment, similar to that which FEMMES
held, had been bestowed on the son of some obscure
local journalist, remarkable only for his unscrupulous
ministerial partisanship. If this be true, one
of the most important offices under the edu-
cational department of government —an office
hitherto filled by Mr. Fterensit, or others like him,
who by long service had acquired extensive know-
ledge of the material and moral wants of the people,
and experimental experience in the best modes of
promoting education—has been bestowed as a reward
for electioneering services in a few counties or
boroughs, upon an entirely unknown person—per-
haps upon some raw ignorant lad. The im=
experiment of the Committee of Council on
tion will in this case have been shelved—perverted
into a mere screen for parliamentary jobbing.
It is obvious that what has been unblushingly
done in two departments of government, is nary
likely to be repeated in • third. But there are
ample grounds for fearing that a still more
daring malversation may be attempted in fill.
ing up the vacancy opened by the death of Mr.
PORTER. A most barefaced attempt was made to
tamper with the integrity of the establishment of the
Board of Trade when the Protectionist ministry,
which was afterwards shattered by Sir It. Peres
corn law abolition, came into office. On that occasion
an intimation was conveyed to Mr. PORTER (sad
to other Liberal holders of appointments under the
Booed) to the effect, that, if they would resign, every
amosision would be made to facilitate their retire-
meet, to avoid the disagreeable necessity of dis-
*sin them. But Mr. PORTER and his colleagues
were too much men of the world, and too courageous,
to be intimidated or confused by so shallow a
stratagem. They quietly replied that their
tenure of offies was is titans ant eulpans,
and that if any reifies was to be laid to their charge,
they would, conscious of their innocence, stand on
their defence, instead of flying like guilty cowards.
Not another word was spoken of their dismissal.
Now when this attempt to frighten out of the de-
partment of the Board of Trade men whose only
offence consisted in their contributions to accurate
statistical knowledge and sound economical science
was made, the Conservative party was composed of
the more liberal and intelligent element which has
since seceded from it, along with the dull, bigoted,
politico-Jesuitical element of which it is now exclu-
sively made up. A DERBY-DISRAELI Ministry is
likely to be much less scrupulous as to the meansby
which it converts the Board of Trade into a mere
instrument for the dissemination of garbled statisti-

al facts, and false and fallacious economical &c-
-arless, than was a Putt. ministry. And such per-
ValliOn of government patronage is less difficult
doer a vacancy has been created by death, than it
would have been had manceuvring been previously
required to produce a vacancy.
Had oar object been to surcharge the DERBY-
Diessau ministry with odium, and socelerate its
downfall, we should have kept silence at present, and
left it to appoint in quiet a successor to Mr. Poston,
who might connive at, if not actually compile.
trade returns desisted d la NEWDROATE, d
render other little sseellars et the kind to Protection-
ism. But without usimalaing the iaa_portance of
getting rid as 110011 rod et the Iwactionary
gr ministry, we attach where impartanoe to the
the Board diktat not only we, but, like
wife, above envision. We have, there-
in*, thee way end attention to the manner in
'u tbe many seesawed by the death of Mr.
Patna is likely isle filled up, in the hope that a
lIIMNIOMMOS of the public eye being upon them may
Misr Mbeisten from perpetrating any job they may
Have in esnisimpladas, We will gladly allow them
and their press sabilitte the triumph of calling us
take prophets, if qa sin only frighten them into
abandoning their corrupt attempt by predicting it.

FRANCK.
PARIS, ■fOKDAT $lll3llllO.
The tone el the government organs seems to pre-
lude some fresh and decisive rasamire against the
press, to Anish et once with all opposition. In this
view, a fresh article front a pen prophetic of ill, that
of M. Grapier de Cassagnac, la worthy of particular
attention.

This sinister composition, a condonation of others
under the heading of " The Government of December
2 considered in the point of view of reason and mo-
rality," defends what he calls the " reform" introduced
by that government in the law relating to the press.
To appreciate this reform it is, he says, necessary, in
in the first place, to resolve this general question,—
"To what extent have the governments of great
nations in all ages permitted freedom of thinking and
writing r This question he answers, to kis own sa-
tisfaction, in these terms : . . _

History teaches that the absolute liberty of writing and
thinking proscribed by the governments of all lettered
nations of antiquity, is a modern theory of revolutionary
origin, never brought to the test of experience till less
than a century ago, sad this theory 'will appear now to
all right thinking men, as daring a long course of centuries
it did appear in the eyes of great nations, false, dangerous,
and impracticable, if, as reason and equity require, it be
judged by its results. This is not the plan to expound in
detail the eonstant practice of the two groat nations of
lettered antiquity, the Greeks and Homane, with respect to
the liberty of thinking and writing; some general traits
' will suffice to refresh the memory or the reader in this par-
ticular. It is well known with what severe orthodoxy the
dogmas of the state religion were protected by the laws of
the Greek republics against the novelties of the philosophic
schools. The boldest freethinkers themselves outwardly
professed to respect the belief of the people, and two eels-
bested religiose prosecutions (the trial of Alcibiades for the
mutilation of the Hermes, and that of Socrates) mark in
the ancient times of the western world the commencement

of that era of the energetic defence of religious dogmas,
which, finished Is enders times by the condensation a
Voisin, Senates, sad the Chevalier de Labarre.
A man who in the nineteenth century supports an
argument against the liberty of the press by citing
as precedents the poisoning of Socrates and the burn-
ing of Servetus, is evidently not an advocate to do
his work by halves. Passing from the Greeks to
the Romans, M. de Cassagnac refers to the persecu-
tion of the Christians by the Roman emperors for
three centuries, and to the laws of '1 beodosins
and Valcntinian, when Christianity bad bet-
oome the state religion, by which it was
made death to deny any Leta of the Nicean
creed. The governments of the middle ages,
and that of France in particular, faithfully followed
this tradition of ancient nations, and thus from the
first of the capitularies to the last of the ordinances
three generations of kings protected, by severe laws,
the trust of the public creed against the temerities
and aberrations of individual reason. M. Oranier
seta the stamp of his approbation upon the above-
mentioned monumental acts of tyrann, held up
through all history to our execration, in time words :
"If good and wise spirits reflect, they will acknow-
ledge that the conduct of these governments was
equitable and sensible."
Thus, in the opinion of the chief writer of the
government press, the execution of 8,800 heretics by
the first grand inquisitor was an "equitable and
sensible" proceeding. While the text inscribed over
the constitution of January 15, 1852, is the pre-
serration of the principles of the revolution of 1788,
M. Oranier speaks of the moot fundamental of those
guarantees, the liberty of the press, as a pernicious
concession of Louis XVI. He proceeds to show the
"equitable and sensible" way in which the First Con-
sul dealt with the press, and concludes that the
li-
berty of thinking and writing has never been a right,'
but is a mere prejudice, incompatible in the troublous
times of the last half-century with the existence of
government and society, at least in France.
I cannot but regard this manifesto as the precursor
of a fresh blow to the press. The articles of M.
Oranier have a more important scope than to console
people for lost liberties, and to reconcile them to the
iron sway under which they live ; they pioneer to fresh
inroads, they blow the trumpet-blast to fresh on-
slaughts. The Debars, which has long ago bowed
the head and given up the composition of leading
articles upon matters nearer than China and Japan,
or interests higher than auriferous quart; or steam-
packet companies, may be allowed to exist, if such
vegetation can deserve the name. But the Prams
will assuredly be crushed, and perhaps the Sleds.
The others are not worth talking about.
As an agreeable poison is more dangerous to life
than the blow of a mallet, so Dr. Veron is, through a
plausible and pleasant style, a more insidious foe to
liberty than M. Grimier with his lion's akin and
club. The doctor begins an article in the Comas-
tioosnel to-day by comparing Francesurrenderiag her
liberty to Louis Napoleon to Madlle. de La Vanier*
entering the convent, in which she expiated the
vices of another. " Madame," said this fair penitent
to the superior of the Carmelites, " I come to resign
into your hands the liberty of which I have so evil
a use." It is certainly pleasant in this comparison
to think of Louis Napoleon as a father-abbot receiv-
ing the vows of contrite France. The doctor then
cries out, in the language of Virgil's celebrated lines:

Mine 'alma seaminess= netnews seek
Ne prohibete ;
thus reminding one of the feat which Louis Napo-
leon ascribed to himself en the 29th of March, that
he had found the pyramid of society on its point, and
had set it on its base. We shall see how long it will
remain there.

The Moniker contains a decree, promoting Gene-
ral-at-Brigade Lapene, in command of the Bth mili-
tary division, to the rank of grand officer of the
Legion of Honour. Another decree promotes M.
Blaniui, of the Institute, and M. Palette, professor
of philosophy at the Collego of Louis-le-Grand, to
the rank of officers.

General St. Arnaud, is &circular to generalellsere
commanding divisions, informs them that, after the
general inspection of 1853, infantry captains will be
required to satisfy the inspector-general et their
ability to manage a horse le front of a resiment
hies they sun be promoted to the rank d field-
AMR Zla miaister of war dweLs upon the sub-
jest as one of peat importance. It appears that
11111111 y odium en receiving the epaulettes of a chef
ell whim ftsd laimiselms an horseback for the first
time in &dr les% end *sir lameatable ignorance of
assitatien hes Isd to ridicule. scenes. Orders hare
him given Ihni the riding-eshmis of cavalry ree-
-1 meats shall he aimed at all convenient times to each
imilunry edam se may be dadrated by the colonels
d their regiments.
It appears from a report et M. Taschereau, an
iminsat librarian of the Bibliotheque Rli daily appeiniel le eignrintend the conopis:tet iC
Waken*, that the of that work has bun
fully as slow as the eldo kindred andertakiag in
the Brinell hiassine. 11. Tedwreau was appointed
to his promotion in the 24th of January last. The
cataloger Imi then been making since 1838. In
logo a esonnieden had reported that it would set
be finished hr Om years more. The work had got
as far as letter L, which was expected to be
finished in about • year. In 1852, however,
M. Tasehereau found the clerks still stuck fast at
letter L, and there they are to this day. He had
been some months at his post before he found out
that an amount of work which seemed to him ye-
accountably little for twenty months was in hit dos
result of two years' labour. He elves it as his
decided opinion that according to the system he
faind in operation, the catalogue would never have
been finished, became new books accumulated faster
than the old ones were catalogued. lie proposed
numerous reforms, which greatly shocked some of
the experieneed men in the department. For in-
stance, ho thought that for the future it would be
unnecessary to make a catalogue of-1. Bills of tan
of restaurateurs and lists of prices of furnished
lodgings; 2. Prices current of perfumery;
3. Prospectuses and advertisements of long-life
lozenges, sirops, and quack medicines ; 4. Go-
vernment printed forms and speeches made
in any public assembly by functioi sries and persons
of distinction. Ho also thought that legible calli-
graphy was all that was necessary, and that time
need not be lost in imitating curious print with the
accuracy of a fancy wriling master. H. 'Basehereau
states that he has invented a system of making a

and. is virtue of au order of the court of appeal of
Rouen, issued on the demand of the proenrenr-fgene-
I rat caused to be .trick out from the recorth, in hia
presence, a speech delivered by M. Hoot, an rix-judge
of the tribunal. on 13th August last; the said speech
having been delivered when the new judges had
taken the oaths, and been installed, and when, con-
sequently, M. Hurt had ces.od to have any O
lifficial
character. .

- •
The Press., in its weekly eommereial ballet's, says :
The orders for exportation which vioolly take piece in the
spring were retarded this year, sad bow aft lisea a their
former Importance, and
_ipensamsemety tbs mamas returns
foe the fret half yew of lin Anna a oraeldorobto falling
elf, but there is mama to bane that tin renew Ow the so.
, road bat year will be non revealable, mm the mainiosioa
broken win avaerelly Moot bean to give their wan bean
Biptwaliss, ban bon glebe *sal during the het this
weeks. lisononla anon avory Wan& of industry was very
brisk 4Amadei, end the miamaseturers in the provinces
agree is senlias- OM ink In improved. Several orders
have arrived It,. R. They are all for articles of the
beet kind, as the rate of duties is so high in Ituasia that it
doss not answer to import inferior articles. As regards the
harvest, the fine weather has dissipated the exaggerated
fears that were entertained, and many accounts now state
that the yield is good. In the Bu-Rhin the prefect has
informed the council-general of his department that he had
reams to believe the wheat crop will exceed that of 1851,
and that the crop of potatoes will be three or four times
mere considerable than that of last year. We believe, how-
ever, notwithstanding what is now said, that the crops of
1852 will not be found to be good either in France or in the
principal countries of Western Europe.
The letter of Mr. Elihu Burntt to the Pays has
produced remark. from two of the Pario journal.,
the Astemblee .Nationale and tho Siec/c. The
Ae-
eembke says :
An American citizen, Mr. Elihu Burritt, now in Paris,
hes sent in copies of four friendly addresses of the prin
cipel cities of Great Bntein and Ireland to the Mittens of
Paris." Some astonishment may be felt at finding the
principal cities of England selecting • foreigner for their
representative; but he is a member of the Peace Congress,
end as such is employed. The addresses in themselves
have no importance, although that from London is
signed by several members of parliament, and by up-
wards of 1,50 honourable persons; and those from
Edinburgh, fillugow, and Dublin, bear the signatures
of the chief magistrates of those great cities. In Great
Britain it is always easy to find a number of honourable
persons ready, by a dealt of the pen, to join in any philan-
thropical demonstration, particulu when the wishes ex-
pressed are so innocent as them of the Peace Congress. The
addresses which Mr. Burritt states he is charged to remit to
the authorities of the city of Paris would, consesuently, be
perfectly insignificant without the circumstances in which
they are etraed and the principal motive adduced by the
rs. The article. of the Times on France, to which the
boo thought at to reply, appear to have produced
a erunia mentlea mat eons' some alarm in England—at
Men, dal bi to be imam& It.. the addresses in question.
Bat this moan nab estenishment when the place which
the Mom «espies In the English press is borne in mind.
It is easy to call the Triton I. that journal pamphleteers or
scribblers ; but so den will ponest the Times from being
looked on in &TAW as the meet exact organ of public opi-
nion, of that at least ides* the government has most to show
oonsideration to, of the rich and enlightened classes. The in-
Buena and authority enjoyed by that journal arise from
this fact, that the pesesaal feeling of ,its editors is always
ready to give way to that of the public, which they are most
anxious to express. Therefore is it that the articles of the
Times concerning France are calculated to have in the eyes
of all so great an importance. What is there more natural
than that the interestsef commerce and personal sympathies
for our country should have been moved an hould have
desired to protest against what might appear to them to
icoatieal an idea of hostility against Prance 1 The addresses
which Mr. Burritt brings are in that way explained, and
the sentiment which has led to them merits to be praised,
as does everything that tends to maintain harmony between
the two nations, But if these dezionstrations.are.hoomr-

lade, theiire illusive, we do not like to say, ridiculous.
The leek says :
we are not exaggerated partisans of peace. If the system
of peace at every price, peace without glory, in presence of
the exigencies of Europe could still prevail in our country,
we would oppose it uwe did formerly. Although sincerely
devoted to all the great interests of humanity, we have the
weakness to belong, as regards national sentiment, ld the
France, which, republican or monarchical,
in foreign coalitions or influence the right of di W
her. hevertheless, we willingly admit, with the large and
magnificent philosophy which embraces in its affections
all human kind—all the advantages which progress de-
rive. from peace, and all those which France 111 particular
owes to it. If the peace of thirty-seven years which we
have enjoyed has produced a port of lethargy, lessened
mirage, and materialised tendencies, it has permitted
arts, manufactures, commerce, sciences, and theo-
rise to take an immeasurable flight. The means of com-

mastication between nations have become inikllelglatall-
plied. Thom who formerly only saw es* ease in •
moment sword in hand, or by the passing glum ornmew.
have boatel themselves at the same table of , have
become known to each other, and have ap ated earn
other. The conflicts between governments Iwo been riliF
dared more difficult by the mutual acquainting* of. nations.
Nations are consequently no longer, as they were !rawly,
at the mercy of perernal ambition and court intrigues. It
is impossible to disregard these remarkable advankim
Thus without taking any part in the quarrel which 3m
arisen between several foreign journals and the
presses
government of France, we cannot see with •
the efforts which are making in different states to mime
dissensions between governments, or revolutions poor
liar to certain States, from affecting the good relations be-
tween rations themselves. These efforts demonstrate an
eseellent tendency, and are the presage of a future less
sad than the past. What an immense conquest it would be
if nations, which have been so often dragged by their go-
vernments into these ruinous conflicts, could gravitate in
independent spheres and force in their turn all the chiefs
of states to consult solely in questions of war the national
will and national interests. In this respect we recommend
:4) our readers the addresses to the French people, which
I are at this moment signed by the inhabitants of the piaci-
pal towns of England. These addressee express the very
strong desire which the trading, middle, and higher classes
on the other side of the Channel feel not to see the rela-
times of two nations, which were too long enemies, dis-
turbed.

iiietter, signed " G. Smith," published in the
Journal des D4bals, denies, by order of the Duke of
Brunswick, that there is any truth in the statement
recently made by the Cologne Gazette, that the duke
is about to abdicate his rights; and says that " the
Sovereign Duke of Brunswick will never renounce
his hereditary rights."
At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose
35c.., and the Thee per Cents. fell 45e. Bank of
France shame roe, 10E The Lyons and Avignon
Railway fell 10 ; Rouen, 5.

ITALY.

TUSCANY.

In the sitting of the 30th ult. of the royal ooert of
Florence, advocate Panattoni, one of the counsel for
Onerraszi and the other defendants, moved that the
amnesty granted by the decree of the 21st of No-
vember, 1849, be extended to all his clients, seeing
that the exclusions mentioned in that decree were
intended as safeguards of the constitution ; which
being now aboliafied, all motives for exclusion had
di appeared. In support of this argument, the
learned counsel quoted the motives detailed in the
report of the minister on the question of granting an
amnesty. The advocate-general having opposed this
motion, the court, after a long consultation, rejected
it. Another incidental motion was then brought
forward by the counsel of Montario, which related
to him alone, and was intended to chew that he had
been prosecuted after the date of the amnesty. This
objection was also overruled, and the court adjourned
t the following day.

GERMANY.
AUSTRIA.

The Augsburg Gazette states that the Austrian
police and customs officers in Silesia have been
ordered to keep a sharp eye on the pocket-handker-
chiefs of the people. Handkerchiefs in large num-
bers find their way across the frontier, presenting a
very orderly and proper appearance to the eye; but
after a first washing a part of their colour disap.
pears, and revolutionary manifestoes and addressee
meet the sight.
The Emperor arrived in Vienna on the 2nd from
Ischl, and is shortly to leave for Yeah, where •
succession of military manwuvres is appointed to
take place. The Emperor's Croatian tour is expected
to extend over a pencil of three weeks.
Vienna letters state that the sentences in the affair
of the Sociat de la Mort, at Mantua, have been pro-
nounced and submitted to Radetsky. The leaders of
the society are condemned to death.
The North American steam frigate Hyacinth an-
chored in the haven of Trieste on the 31st ult.