The Express.
London, England, 1862-06-23 00:00:00

Defence

be Court.

osmium, 3 21.

- -
Her Majesty, accompanied by the Priam of
Wales, Princess Alice, Printer Heine, Prisons twine,
Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, and Princess Bealelee, sr.
rived at Osborne at 20 minutes past 6 chinch yellow:lay
afternoon from Windsor, attended by the ladies 'gad gen-
tlemen in waiting.

RI7NDAT, Jong 22.
The Queen, the Prime Wale., Plll3OlOl Align, sad
Prince Arthur attended Divine service at Osborne this
morning.
The Rev. George Protbero officiated.
Princess Helens and Princess Louise attended the service
at Whippinghani church..

His Highness the Viceroy of Egypt, attended by the
Hoe. Oharles A. Murray, paid a private via to the Inter-
national Exhibition on Saturday morning. His Highness
received a Mart in the afternoon from the Lord Mayor at
the residence OM, Turkish Hallway, in Bryanoton-equare.

His lordship arrived at five o'clock to pay his respects to
the Viceroy. His Highness honoured Viscount Palmerston
with his company at dinner in the evening, at his lordship'■
residence in Piccadilly. The Hon. Charles A. Murray attend
ed the Viceroy, who was accompanied by his nephew, and
whose mite comprised Zulfikar, his Highasse's Minister
for Foreign Allah's, sod Mr. Larking, the Viceroy's agent ie
this country.

A Cabinet Council was held on Saturds=e
official residence of the First Lord of the
in Downing-street. The ministers present were
Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl
Granville, the Duke of Argyll, Sir George Grey,
Earl Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir G. O.
Lewis, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon.
T. Milner Gibson, the Right Hon. Edward Card-
well, Lord Stanley of Alderley, and the Right
Hon. C. P. Villiers.

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council eat on
Saturday. An appeal from Kew South Wain, "Halm •
Poor," was heard and judgment given by Lad Kingedown,
Au appeal from Canada, "Macfarlane •. Luebke," was
commenced. The lords preseut were Lord Kiegulowa and
the Lords Justices Knight Brace and Turner.
. . . .

Despatches were received on Saturday at the Colonial-
office from the Ciovsneor of Heligoland. Despatches were
sent to the Governor of Canada, and to the Lord High Com-
missioner of the lonian Islands

Lord and Lady Vernon and the Hon. Louisa
Versos Warren have left Farreace's Hole/ for Sodbary
Hall. Derbyshire.

Mrs. Malcomamo and Mies Malcomion have
arrived at the Brunswick Hotel from Leeparda.town House,
Stillorgan, for the season.

they have, as a matter of course, approved its con-
tinuance. So also it has been shown by a parlia-
mentary return obtained a few weeks since, that
contracts have been entered into for nearly the
whole of the land and sea fortifications originally con-
templated, and that almost two millions have
already been spent upon them. But heavy as this
loss may be, it were far better that we at onoe re-
conciled ourselves to the fact that it has been
fruitlessly wasted, than that we should continue to
spend more and more in perfecting the huge and
treacherous fallacy on the foundations of which it
has been spent. For as regards every species of
sea fortification we must reiterate that in
the present state of gunnery all money is thrown
away which is spent on the idea that guns can be
effective at more than 600 yards' range. They
have as yet failed at aught above 200 yards : it is
not proved that even at that distance their supe-
riority is decisive. We are, indeed, promised bigger
gnus, but their construction is still problematical ;
and if they are made they may find that ships'
sides are by that time coated with BILSSEUZII steel
instead of iron, or that in some other way their
power is neutralised. Yet it is on the Will-o'-the-
Wisp hope that by the time the forts are built we
shall have guns which can instantly sink a mail-
clad or cupola vessel at 2,000 or 3,000
yards that we are called on to continue
an enormous outlay, not at Spithead only,
but at every naval port, while we neglect those
inventions by which we can, in any possible ciao,
maintain our naval supremacy—by which we can
bring the muzzles of our guns to the very port-
holes of our assailants' ships—by which we can
give British seamanship scope for its accustomed
triumphs, and by which we can, in the last resort,
bring the boarding-pike to decide the victory be-
tween the contending struggles of material science.
So, turning to that part of the Government
scheme which involves a circuit of fortified posts
round Portsmouth, Plymouth, Pembroke, and
Chatham, we discover equal evidence of but half
appreciation of the new conditions of war-
fare. The authorities have reoognised the
fact that • large object, seek es • town
or arsenal, may now be shelled at a
range of five or six miles, and they have ac-
cordingly round these important points endes-

Lord and Lady Taunton gave a grand ffte on
Saturday linema: at their seat, Stoke Park, sear Slough,
to a numerous circle of the aristocracyead foreign celebrities
at present in this country. Her Royal Highness the Duchess
d'Aumale honoured her ladyship with her compsay. Re-
freshments ware served in reverid of the principal rooms,
and in a large tent erected on the lawn. Later in the
evening her ladyship had a tall.
. .

The session of *the evening meetings at the Royal
Institution was brought to a close on Friday with a lecture
by Professor Faraday, and for at kat half-an-hour before
its commencement all the seats, with the exception of those
set apart for the manliest, were filled. The subject of the
lecture was "Gas Obssa-hoar Formica, /a.*

The Public Schools Commissioners visited West-
minster School on tialmudAy Lid, sad afterwards held

meeting at their office, in Victoris-elweet. Preset: The
Berl of Clarendon, the Earl of Devoe, toed iirtteltat,
Prolamine W. H. Thompson, H. Haffeed Vaughan, Fag.,
sad the samba. y. . . .

Commander Hay, RN., examiner to the Royal
Mail Company at Southampton, has just invented a nautical
pocket instrument, which is called a compound peotandar.
It determines by chart the coarse to be steered from one
position to enclitic in a moment of time. Augmlar dis-
tances of objects, either horizontal or vertical, can be taken
by it with equal facility. It noddy affords the means of
obtaining the sae's azimuth, amplitude, and mapielie boar-
inp, and it is capable of icing the =lei position el a ship,
shoal, or place of the observer.
_ _ _ . .

The Right Rev. Dr. Clanghtott, the newly-
appointed Bishop of Colombo, will leave Itagatisd for his
donee in about a month. Several other eolouial Whops,
now in England, are expected to leave about the same time.
It Is believed that there were never so meg ear:anal
Whin sin London an there are at present. Among them
are the Bishops of Sydney, Tasmania, Fretieristas, Nova
Soot* St. Helena, Colombo, Ontario, Sorra Leone, and
Jerusalem.

The Tynemosith, belonging to Means. W. B.
Lindsay and Co., which recently left Dartmouth for
British Columbia, took out 260 passengers, including 60
female emigrants sent by Miss Eye and the London oom-
mittee for promoting female emigration to the colonies. The
Tynemouth is the first steamer that hes left England died
for Vancouver's Leland. Her engines are of 600 horse-
power. She carries coal for 50 days' steaming, and will eall
at the Falkland Islands to fill up. On the lith of Angel*
she will be followed by another ship bekegLeg to the same
firm, the Robert Lome, of 1,600 Woe.

Taw VlcisoY owFairr.—We (Liverpool Albion)
have the pleasure to announce that the toyer Mir. B.
HatehLoo), who is now in London, has invited the Viceroy
of Egypt to visit Liverpool, and that his highows has as
espied the invitation. The day is not yet litad.

%71Priscr.,
• 7 mit; . •
e *
voured to design • cordon odfistinotrtlata:dtii at LA ve,:lr I ELLWE
thing approaching to that • eat they '- . ••••
included in them additions! barracks for 30, IiNEHOH BISHOPS ASE E
men. But they have overlooked the circumstance Several of the French bishops oniiturning to
that if we build such fortifications, we must be their dioceses have met with a reception by no
layered to hold them; that if seized by the means j 6 liocordance, with their representations 41
enemy they would be turned against ourselves, I the holy city. Demonstrations have taken place at
while affording a place of refuge and organization I Nimes, Toulouse, and Rennes. At the latter
to him ; and that to hold camps with from four to ; place the clerical party had taken great pains to
twenty miles of land circunivollotion we should secure an ovation ; but, to their surprise and hor-
need in each a separate army of at the very ror, no sooner had the archbishop left the railway
least as many thousand men. So in the event of station than an immense body of workmen and stn-
war, we are to have half-a-dozen garrisons, not one dents raised shouts of " Viva Garibaldi !" " Vive
of which we dare weaken, amounting in an sggre- Mahe I" and some four or five hundred of them
gate to some 150,000 troops, safely placed hors de surrounded his carriage, forming a most unexpected
combat as regards an enemy who chooses any other cortdge, until he reached his palace.
point on the coast for his landing. And so, in the
event of peace, we must have at least an extra
30,000 men added to the strength of our standing
army, because we have built forts which we dare
not leave untenanted, lest by a coup de main on
the part of an enterprising foe they might be
secured by a small body sent scrota with the fleet
which brings us a declaration of war.
To all this imbecility we oppose the plain, com-
mon sense principles on which the defence of Eng-
land must ever rely. Her first line is the ocean,
on which her supremacy must be kept unques-
tioned. Her second line is het people, that army
of regulars and volunteers, which can, warned now
by signals of far greater speed than the beacon
flash or fiery cross of old, pour down, as we learned
by experiment this spring, at the rate of 5,000
men an hour on any point which may be manacled.
What mare may be needed to meet any possibility
of momentary surprise: we shall not grudge. A
few harbour batteries to dispose of say
stray ship which may escape our fleet, a few power-
ful guns to bar the narrow entrance of rivers or
ports, may be useful and proper aids. But our
safety from attack must lie in the knowledge that
attack would be fatal to the assailants, that they
could find no cover on our shores to save them
from being swept into the ass, that they could
transport no army which, with its communicatioos
cut off, would not be compelled to lay down its
arms on the beach on which it landed. This we
cannot do if we build fortifications ' • but all this
'we can do if Government will bat trait the na-
tion, if it will but devote its funds to the reorgani-
zation of the navy, and if it will but give its
attention to the popularizing of the militia as our
true national force.

~c~

ROME.
ENGLISH REACTIONARIES AND

FRANCIS IL

On the 14th instant a grand fate took place at
the QuirinaL The ex-Sing Francis IL, surrounded
by his ministers and court, received on that day an
English—or rather Irish—deputation, entrusted
with the presentation to him of a sward of honour.
The deputation was beaded by Cardinal Wiseman
and Dr. Cullen. The ex-Sing was greeted with
cries of " Vire les Bourbons !" A Correspondent
of the Temps says :—" The sword is a very hand-
some one ; it is now exhibited, and I have this
morning been to see it. At the guard is a bag-
relief in masaive gold representing Omni and its
' fortifications. On one akin of the city is 041• Ffir
donna, on the other St. Januarius. Engraved
upon it are these words, To legitimacy and
Honour.' Upon the handle are rubies and emeralds.
The steel, which is English, is superb, and the
sheath of the richest description."

TEE RUSSIAN AGITATION.
The Northern Pod of St. Petersburg, of the 17th,
has the following note :
Depositions of various operatives in fit. Petersborg have
mailed the beet that in two Sunday schools—that of Samp •
eon, in the Wyborg quarter, and that of the Presentation of
the Holy Virgin—are taught doctrines tending to overturn
religious Wish, to propagate socialist ideas as to the right
of property, sad to smite hatred against the government.
Two workman who attended the Sampson school, and are
now at the other one, have been allowed to utter seditious
speeches upon political revolutions, upon the utility of
isswaltary fires, upon the necessity of burning St. Peters.
burg to the ground. &c. The workmen in question
have *Ail, arrested by order of the military governor-
pawl

The Northern Post goes on to state that the
Emperor has ordered a oomtnission of inquiry, and

that the two schools have bees closed.

St: Petersburg letters of thelth state that no
one there believes that the fires are the result of
accident. The details of tie disasters and their
geography, so to speak, show a fired plan and •
cunning organisation. Proclamations of various
kinds continue to circulate in the chief
cities. Some of these papers fir the moment for
general action for the day of the inauguration of the
monument of Novogorod, which has been fired for
the 2nd of August, the millenary' anniversary of
the foundation of the Russian empire. Already
the government, warned by this threat, has ad-
journed the inauguration till thelith of September.
"It is surrounded, in fact," says one correspondent,
"by alarming symptoms. Proclamations are dis-

tributed in the imperial palace, and are reprinted
in several of the towns."

(aiansee Tnzazam.)
ELECTORAL HESSE.

CASSEL, Jturz 23.

The government proclamation, mentioned on the
21st as being in preparation, was issued here yester-
day evening.
It relates to the re-establishment of the constitu-
tion of 1831, and the electoral law of 1849.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS. ' '

(nom OUR owa col

PARIS, SUNDAY Eviainro.

There is a strong impression that there will be a
general election before the end of the year. The
careful language used on the subject by M. Benche
the other day, while showing that be had no com-
mission to make any revelation, is soareely con-
aistent with the hypothesis that the Emperor means
to defer an appeal to the constituencies till the
latest legal moment, which would be altar the
session of 1863. M. Gueroult makes some striking
remarks upon the electoral question in the Opinion
Nationak. If the government decides to have the
elections this year, it will show that it does not
fear an appeal to the people ; it will be able to
choose its own hour to raise or solve certain ques-
tions—to select, in short, its own battle-field, and
to have its own watchword. But if the elections
are allowed to stand over till next year, the position
of the government will, or, at any rate, may be
lens favourable. Whatever happens, the elections
" must " take place then. There may be a bad harvest;
there may be commercial distress and consequent
discontent among the working claws ; there may
be an unexpected, an unlucky, an unpopular war—
no matter, the utmost legal delay will have expired,
and the government will have no choice but to go
to the country, and accept the result whatever it
may be. M. Gueroult, therefore, evidently inclines
to the opinion that it is for the interest of the
Emperor to have the elections this year rather
than next. He then touches with cautious bold-
ness upon the importance of the event which may
come almost immediately, and which cannot
be long postponed. Ten years have elapsed
since the proclamation of the empire, but
in reality the present Emperor has been in
power fourteen years ; for his first and most
genuine election was that which made him presi-
dent of the republic in 1848. Fourteen years—a
considerable period in the life of any nation
—is in France, X Gueroult ventures to
say, "climacteric." Fourteen years is about
the average period of the duration of all
the governments that France has seen since 1789.
Of course he hastens to add that this reflection
"Is in no way menacing to the imperial govern-
ment, whose destinies, as all men must see, are far
from being exhausted." There is, therefore (and
here, as it seems to me, the writer slightly qualifies
his preceding sentence), nothing " necessarily fatal
or alarming in the idea that the fourteen years are
out, but still it is far from being a matter of in-
difference ; an old lease is expired, and a new one
is beginning." He then alludes to a consideration
on which liberal politicians in France found their
most serious hopes, namely, that a new generation
has arisen nine 1851, which is a stranger to the
influences which made the France of that day
submit to the coup ciltat. The youths of 1851 are
now men, the virile generation of that day has
attained riper years, and the middle-aged men
have become old. The panic fear of "disorder"
which prevailed In 1861 was never felt by the
young men of 1882, and is forgotten by those who
are now in the second period of manhood. Old
men may say, "we tried liberty and it failed in
our hands ;" but the young will reply, "we should
like to try it again and we believe it will succeed."