The Express.
London, England, 1862-09-02 00:00:00

TDB DISTRESS IN LANCAgIIIRE.
The 'executive committee of the Manchester
Central Relief Committee assembled at the Town-hall yes-
terday, Sir J. P. LAY diIUTTLFIVORTH, the deputy chair-
presiding.
Mr. ll•Chuax, the hon. secretary, read a letter from the
Kiri of Ellesmere, regretting that be could not be postet
in consequence of indisposition. A letter ems also read
Irmo the Mayor of Liverpool, eoclosing the following rose-
lotions from the Liverpool committee :
" Resolved—That this meeting approve of the action
Lien by the meeting in Manchester t August :22), sod ac-
cept of the omumittee as proposed, to be the executive com-
munes for the distribution of such funds as the Liverpool
committee niay from time to time appropriate to the re-
lief of the distress existing in the cotton di.tricts of Lanca-
shire and Cheshire.
" Resolved further—That the treaaurer be requested to
101111 t the sum of 3,000 f. to the central executive committee
at Manchester on the let of Sept., and at the same time
to intimate to them that, although it is the Wish of the
Liverpool caunruittee that the funds subscribed should as far
as possible aid in preventing men from being forced to to-
el‘iya parish relief, they do not desire, in the first iustance,
to fetter the central committee with soy distinct stipu-
lation." _ .

A letter was also read from the secretary of a committee
formed at a couut3 meeting at Warwick, announcing 1,000/.
al a first instalment. The hoe. secretary was requested to
acknowledge the letters from Liverpool and Warwick, and
express the thanks of the to mittee for their efforts.
A series of resolutions which lied been circulated in the
preceding week to the several members of the central exe-
cutive committee was then laid before the meeting by the
chairman. After a very full discussion, in the course of
which some slight !alterations were made in the resolutions,
they were generally approved.
The Mayor of MANCHL,TRR proposed, and Mr. FARNALL
seconded, that two circulars should be prepared, roe of
them addremied to the boards of guardians and the other to
the local relief committees charged with the distribution of
the general funds, both of which circulars should be pre-
pared io coolorniity with them resolutions and considered
at the next meeting of this committee. The resolutions
listened to contain a declaration of the principles upon
which relief should be administered, lath by boards of
guardians and relief committees, so us to secure the largest
amount of cooperation between these bodies respectively
and to provide for the complete organisation of labour suit-
able to the age, strength, sex, and the opacity of the ap.
',bonito This organisation must be regarded as part of the
satire scheme of operations of the executive central com-
mittee. by which it is hoped that in the course of a few
weeks the operations of relief committees throughout the
district will he brought into harmony and the funds con-
tided to them will be administered with the urns: efli-
oMn.
Mr.cy FARNALI. was requested to write to the relief com-
mittees and to other sources of information, requesting them
to give him information for the use of the coeval relief
committee as to the amount of subscriptions raised in their
respective localities, and as to the supposed amount of aid
privately given by manufacturers in such localities, and also
as to the ninu'oer of hands now fully or half employed or
'reemployed ; and finally as to the weekly loss of wages
sustained by such operatives; and further, as to the firms
of work employed by the said committee.'
The MAYOR reported 201. as a brat instalment from the
licensed victuallers of Halifax.

A tof 20611;UinAde to Burley, and one of 1001. to
Orompton.
The bon. SECRETARY reported that there was 18,000/. now
in the bank.

RWHIDA LE. —Mr. Alderman G. S. A•liwo:-.11 haa
this week appropriated the class rooms in connexion with
the mill in which be is senior partner to the purposes of •
mewing class. lhe rooms were opened on Wednesday, and
140 girls and young women, sent by the relief committee,
were at once set to work under the superintendence of Miss
Bellies, the average rate of payment being VI per day. Mr.
Lord, woollen merchant, Lordstreet, gave 20'. worth of
materials, other requisites have been purchased, and Mr.
.fiabworth has induoed the guardians to become customers
for the garments to bo made up. The relief committee are
now relieving about 10,000 persona, the weekly distribution
being about 9,6001 b. of bread, 10,0001 b. of oatmeal, and
3,700 quarts of soup, and all this is done at a coat of 2004
per week. The subscriptions to the fund have now reached
5,000/., including the recent grants from London and Man-
chester. The returns presented to the guardians on Friday
show that during the week 7,4.16 persons had received out-
door relief at a cost of 543/. 13e. Bd. The number lest week
was 6,888, at • cost of 5241. 3e. 4d. The cost of outdoor
relief in the corresponding week of last year was 1091.8.. a
STALEY BRIM:E.—The following return of the state
of employment, &c., in Staleybridge up to Thursday has
been prepared under the direction of Mr. William Chad.
Vick, the chief superintendent of polies:—Cotton Mills
(34, usual) y employing 10,438 hands) : 11 of the mills are
working full time, but only part of the hands are em-
ployed ; 1,387 persons are working full time ; 12, five days
per week ; 617, four days ; 11, throe and • half days ; 4,992
three days; 492, two days ;188, less than two days per week ;
and 2,739 out of employment. Foundries and Machinists
(28, usually employing 1,041 hands): 16 of these works are
working full time, but only part of the hands are employed;
567 persons are working full time; 35, five days per week ;
100, four days per week; 2, three and • half days ; 34,
three days ; 1, two days • 3, leas than two days ; and 299
out of employment. Total hands out of employment in the
borough, 3,1818. The number of persons receiving parish
relief is 4,319, at • cost of 202/. 18s. The number of persons
relieved by the relief committee in 8,171, eta cost per week of
3634 The Manchester Relief Committee had granted the
committee 1501., and the balance in hand is 360/.
Hunar.—An open-air meeting of the working
dames was held on Thursday evening at the top of Hurst-
road. Hurst, near Ashton-underLyne, to elect • oornmitke
to distribute relief. It was numerously attended. Mr. Wil-
liams, connected with Mr. Oldham Whi ker's min', was
elected chairman. The Rev. Mr. Wright, Mr. Edwin
Whittaker, and several other gentlemen, were present.
From the remarks made by the various speakers, it ap-
peared that there had been two:relief comniittees in Hurst,
and some unpleasantness had arisen in consequence of the
Bev. Mr. 11 right not having been put on one of the com-
mittees. One had been at the church school, and one at the
mill of Mr. John Whittaker, and this had led to disputes.
Hence this meeting had been called, that the working
classes might themselves elect a committee. On the motion
of Joseph Whitehead, • working man, seconded by shelter.
Mr. Wright, it was agreed to form an entirely new com-
mittee, excluding all ministers of religion and all shop-
keepers. Thirty-five persons were appointed by the meet.
ing, including Mr. Oldham Whittaker. aud John Whit-
taker.

--- •
OLDHAw.—The number of personA relieTed by
the guardians daring the past week has beer 5,329, at a
cost of 248/., against 4,814 persons relieved, at a cost of
Z.P.2/., in the week previous. The number relieved in the
corresponding week last year was 1,260, at a coat of 76/. The
relief committee met at the Town-hall on Friday. From
the report of the secretary, it appeared that the number of
cases in which aid had been granted was 1,116, embracing
about 3,81.X.1 persons, at an outlay of 178/. se. rid. Visitors
had been appointed to examine into every cam brought
before the committee, in order to prevent imposition. A
number of additional subscription* had been received, in-
eluding a grant of raw, from the London fund,
sod the total amonnt raised now ex z.eeded
5,750/. It was resolved that the various wanl
committees should appoint canvassera to wait upon
parties who have not yet oubszribed. Ey this
means it is hoped to raise the fund to 10,000.'., • sum
which, in the opinion of the general committee, will be re-
quired in Oldham—Previowi to the meeting separating, the
Mayor (John Platt, Faq.) read a letter horn the Lnril Mayor
of Loudon, calling attention to a report of the proceedings
id the Manchester Central Relief Committee, fro:n which it
appeared that one speaker stated that the London Relief
Oommitteo had in more than a few cane been imposed upon.
Serious attention was drawn to this allegation, and an ex.
planatioo from the local committee was requested respecting
the charge—'•a charge to which, after four mouths of care-
ful investigation and distribution, the London committee
did not consider themselves liable."—Soine discussiou took
place on this subject, at the close of which the secretary was
instructed to return an answer to the deem that, in the
opinion of the Oldham committee. DO instance laid occurred
in which the London relief fund had Laell injudiciously
applied.
BtaraitiCHN.—Last week the guardian* of the
Blackburn Union relieved no fewer than 14.457 penmen,
of
whom 5,611 were üble bodied, with 786/. Ils. 7d.
against 13.840 relieved with 7421.95. 641. in the preceding
week, awl against 2,394 relieved with 1271. Os. Bd. in the
corresponding week of last year. This shown an increase
of pauperism dining the year in the union of WU per cent.,
while the increase on the Blackburn dietr.ct alone is 950
per cent. Of the 11,457 persons relieved last week,
11,930 belonged to the district of Madill-nu. soil were
relieved with 8761. 13s. 3d., of which sum, 4911. Ills. led.
was chargeable to the common feed of the union ; 1,202
belonged to the district of Oawaldtwistle, and were re-
lieved with 554 le. 2d., of which 21/. 19s. 10d. was
chargeable to the common fund ; and 1,255 belonged to
the Damen district, and were relieved with frit ne,
The increase of pauperism in the latter district is equal
to 110, and that of Oswaldtwietle to 100 per coot. 'The
workhouse returns show no increase on the year of 452,
against 239 last year. In addition to the relief granted
by the guardians, which is little over la. per heed, the
relief committee have relieved about 14,000 penman with
27,992 lb. of good breed and 21,0001 b. of oatmeal. Boring
the week the relief fond has been increased to 7,679/.
14s. 3d-, of wnich about 2,300/. is in hand. The recent sub-
scriptions include 2001. from the Manchester central com-
mittee, and 141. 17e. GcL from the Fire Clay Works, Hud-
dersfield. The chief constable's return shows that there
are 14,206 operatives out of work in the borough ; that
6.194 are working full time and 6.255 short time. Of 71
mins in the town, 28 are working full time, 24 short time,
and 30 are fully closed. A meeting of the ministers of the
different religions denominations has been held at Damen,
to hear a statement from the committee of operatives, ap-
pointed last week. The committee stated that there wee a
falling off in the amount of weekly wages paid in Darwen
of 1,659/. 3s. 2d, as compared with last year, and that
about 2,400 looms were stopped. The nii&sters having
previously waited upon the influential gentlemen in the
town, and having received promises of support for the
dieneend, told the operatives that they were pre-
pared to ,relieve all applicants who were in Metres,.
kurrox-uNnim-Lir N IL—At the weekly meeting of
Ashton-tinder-Lye Board of Guardians, held on Than-

day, it was stated that the total number of persons relieved
during the week was 14,792; correspooding week last
yeur, 1,410; increase, 13,342 ; and all Moreau on the week
of 1, lit persona. 524 persons were in the workhouse, and
43 %%sweets had been relieved. A committee was appointed
to inquire and report on the best method of meeting the pee-
seatil,streu as to employment, Sic. The Poor-law Board
had written agreeing to relieve the union of the necessity of
sending full particulars as to persons rectiiviog out-door relief.
, u ell-attended nod inffueotial meeting was held at the
Town-hall on Wednesday evening, for the purpose of
taking into consideration the existing distress within the
borough. The mayor, Beujumin Mellor Kenworthy,
presided. After the question bad been discussed to
detail it was tuunimously resolved—" That the work-
people shou,d be relieved through their employers at the
different mills," sod the following subscriptious were an-
nounced in the room :—Messrs. Alfred and Frederick Rey-
nor, 1,0001. ; Mr. Hugh Mason, 51101. ; Mr. Jobe Ken-
worthy, Beech-grove, Harrogate, 2001. ; Mr. John Mellor
Kershaw, 2001. ; Messrs. Jonathan Andrew and Sous,
2001. ; Mr. Joseph Fletcher, 1001. ; and Mr. John Rosa
Coulthart, 501. Other subscriptions were promised as soon
as some of the gentlemen present had conferred with their
partners. The following return, prepared by Mr. Dal-
shrill, chief constable of Ashton-under-Lyne, shows the
state of employment within the borough up to Friday :
Cotton Mills, 36; 7, full tune, all hands • 1, full time, with
pan hands • 15, short time ; 13, stopped. Total number
of hands usually employed, 10,9 M ; working six days per
week, 1,273; five days, 862; four days' 7:0; three and a
half days, 84 • three days, 4,430; two and a half days,
570 ; two cis, 170; and totally out of employment,
2,811. Silk ill 1, working full time, and employiog
421 hands.—Machiouta, 6: Working full time with all
hands, 2 ; full time with part Minds, 2 ; short time, 2.
Total number of bands usually employed, 317 ; working six
days, 181 ; four days, 67 ; and b 9 unemployed,—Bobbin
Turners, 5: Full time with part hands, 2; short time, 3.
Total cumber of hands usually employed, 142 ; working six
days, 32 ; tour days, 20 ; three days, 28 ; and totally un-
employed, 62.—Collieries, 2: Full time, 1 ; abort time, 1.
Total number of hands usually employed, 288 ; working six
days, 85 ; and four days, 200. Total number working in
the mills, lac., six days, 1,992 ; five days, 862 ; four days,
1,013 ; three and • half &yr, 84 ; three days, 4,458 ; two
and a half days, 570 ; two days, 170; and out of employ-
ment, 2,942. It is estimated, however, that there were
upwards of 4,000 persona who reside in the borough totally
unemployed, and upwards of 6,000 persons receiving parochial

THE POLICE COURTS.
MANBION•HOIJSL

Edward Benjamin, stub-salesman in Billingsgate-market,
appeared before Mr. Alderman Challis, who was sitting
yesterday for the Lord Mayor in answer to • summons
taken out against him by Mr. boaring, the clerk of the
market, charging him with having unlawfully placed •
quAntity of barrels and boxer, and other empty packages,
upon a certain part of the market, after the fish, which they
had respectively contained had been sold or disposed of,
contrary to one of the bye-laws, which states that, no
empty box or package, &c., shall be placed or left in any
part of the market by any person, after the fish which it
contained shall have been sold or disposed of ; and that any
person who shall so place any empty box, &c., shall be liable
to a penalty not exceeding N."
Mr. Kemp, barrister, appeared for the defendant.
Mr. Dearing stated that on the 2.5 th August he was in the
market, and he had occasion to complain to Mr. Benjamin
for depositing empty packages on his stand. There were
18 barrels and six totem placed on the portion of the market
which formed his stand.

In singer to a question by Mr. Goodman, he said he did
not recollect whether they were over the boundary or not.
He spoke to the defendant, who then claimed the
right of placing his empty Hsh packages on bin stood, and
be then told him he should summon him, and he could
try the question.
On being croes.examined by Mr. Kemp, he said—The bye.
laws, which included the one in question, were made some
time back, when the business of the market was not near so
large, and it was true the business increased greatly every
year. The empty packages smelt very bad in warm
weather. and it was necessary to have them removed as
soon as poaaible. The barrels, were taken away, and
after they were emptied they were brought back again. He
did not know whether Mr. Iteojamin was in the habit of
having a cart to carry the empties away to prevent them ac-
cumulating, but he knew that they did accumulate on his
stand to such a degree as to be a serious inconvenience in the
market.

Mr. Kemp said his client did not attempt to deny that
the barrels were on the steed, as alleged by the witness, for
it would be utterly impossible to remove them barrel by
barrel as the nab were sold out of them. Mr. Beopunin did
an exceedingly large business, and employed • man with a
cart to remove the empty packages, and before he returned
fora fresh lot they bad accuiuulated considerably. Mr.
Beojamin was not desirous to break the rules, and he had
them carried away as soon as possible. The bye-law was
there certainly, and it provided that no package should be
left, but he did not think it should be construed so
exactly to the word, as it was utterly impossible now that
the business of the market had increased to such an extent

Mr. Alderman Challis said he knew Mr. Benjamin to be
• respectable tradesman, but at the same time any magis-
trate, looking at the bye-law, could not do otherwise than
inflict a penalty. He knew there was oonaiderablo incon-
venience, but at the same tame he must inflict a tine. Be
advised Mr. Benjamin to bring the matter before the next
committee that met, and see if some means could not be
found to relieve the salesmen from the inconvenience. He
should floe the defendant 205., but would let it stand over
until the committee met, upon his promise that he would
not allow the barrels to aocumnlate in the meantime.

My. r. Benjamin mid he should be liable every hour in the
da
Mr. Alderman Challis said there was no doubt of that, if
he left them in the market, and if be were summoned be-
fore him again he should have no alternative, looking at the
bye-law ; there would be no alternative but to indict a tine
of rd.

Mr. Kemp said Mr. Benjamin kept a cart on purpose to
remove them, but before the man returned from taking one
load there was another ready for him.
Mr. Alderman Challis said he should keep more carts, and
keep them cleared away.
Defendant said he might just as well not do business at
all as do that, as his expenses in that case would exceed his
commission.

tdr. Dearing said the accumulation of packages prevented
the market being cleitosed until a very late hour.
Henry Farren and Bartholomew Roes, rho Hah•ealesmen
in Billinpgate-market, were likewise summoned for a aimder
offence.

Mr. Kemp. who appeared for the defense in these cases
also, applied that they might stand adjourned until after
the matter had been brought before the comnuttee, as sug-
gested by the alderman.
Mr. Alderman Challis consented to this course, and the
summonses were •uljourned accordingly.
Mr. Benjamin expressed his willinguma to pay the 20a at
mice, but
The Alderman said be had better let it stand over.
WORSHIP-STREET.
-

Thomas Ec i,artia, a thick-set young fellow, previously
convicted, w►s charged before Mr. Cse with having felo-
niously assaulted and robbed John Conway.
The prosecutor said—l maids at New-inn-square, Mahone-
gate. On Friday morning last, the 29th of August, at near
1 o'clock a.m., while near my own residence, the prisoner
stood before meand held up both his hands close to my face. I
held up mine to protect myself, thiuking that he was going
to strike me. At that moment I was seized behind by
some person, who grasped my neck and pressed my head
forward ; while in that position the prisoner took my
watch, a valuable one, from my waistcoat pocket, it was
att.ched to an Albert chain, both were stolen. I knew that
the gripe round my throat was that of a man's from the
pressure. I became senseless, and tell to the ground.
When I recovered I was alone. My sandhi:its bad left me,
and I was minus my hat, which with my other property
has not been recovered. A small conquers which had been
att.mlied to the chain of my watch, and which is now pro-
duced, was picked up near the spot.
Gilroy, G I spoke to having seen the prisoner and
two women talking together near the spot where the
robbery was committed nearly two hours previously, and
amain afterward+.
. .

—.Miller, 148 G, proved the apprehension of the prisoner in
the neighbourhood of the rubbery. on the night of Sun-
day, the 31st. lie denied all knowledge of the theft. The
prosecutor, immediately on seeing him, identified him as
his assailant, saying, " You are the camp who rubbed me."
The prisoner nab fully committed to the Central Criminal
Court.

Paisme. —Among the botanical specimens sent
over from Japan to the Societe irAcclimatation by N.
EugZae Shwa, there are a few young tams, out of the bark
of which the Japanese make very good and strong paper.
In China, the hark of the Brouuonnetia papyrifera, a kind
of mulberry tree, is used ; that of Japan is a variety of the
same enemies. to which Van Sieboldt has given the name of
Erousammitia Kandeoki. Considering the daily increasing
difficulty of meeting the demand for rags, which are sold
at about 2f. per cwt., the bark of this tree, imported
from Japan, would prove extremely valuable to the paper
trade, inasmuch as is would not mat more than half that
Trice. The Brotmloonetia Kamiophi triiht he easily accli-
matised in various parts of Europe; it prefers a stony
soil, especially of a calcareous nature, and should be planted
at intervals not exceeding three feet ; otherwise the
branches would extend, whereby the bark would become
full of knots, noising much loss of substance in the manu-
facture. The soil is not manured until the second year; in
the autumn of that year the plant is lopped close to the
root, and this operation, as well that of =unripe slightly,
is repeated every mooed year. 100 lbs. of branches thus
obtained, stripped of their litres, yield 10 lb.. of bark. The
branches, on arriving at the mannfsctory, are put into hot
water for half an hour ; the bark can them be easily stripped
off with the hand, and is afterwards left in the sun to dry.
It is next macerrted for three days in nver water,and bleached
in the sun. These operation, having been several times re-
peated, the bark iv at last boiled in a lye of ashes for the
space of three hours, then manipulated for some time to
separate any epidermis that may have remained, and lastly,
when dry, the masa is pounded fine and made into a pulp
with water, to which a glutinous liquid, extracted from a
shrub called Neebooriko, probably the Amia It emu. is added,
is the proportion of about two pints per cwt. of pulp.
The latter is then made into sheets much in the usual way.

THE SUICIDE IN LANCASTER GAOL.

The inquest upon the body of the unfortunate
man Wilson Moore, who committed suicide just previous to
the bourlixed for his execution for the wilful murder of his
wife, as reported yesterday, took place on Saturday
afternoon.
The first witness called was William Hayhuist. He said
—1 am • warder in the gaol. Wilson Moore was is ins
custody bat night. lie was a markt under sentence of
death. 1 think he was about 35 or 36 years of
age. I was in his cell last night with the con-
vict and James Bray. Bray is a prisoner. Bray was
sleeping in the cell in ease I wanted any assistance. I
went on duty about twecty minutes past six this morn.
jog. leaving Moore in charge of Isaac Smith. a warder,
aid James Bray, prisoner fur misdemeanour. I left them
in the celL Dowelled was awake at the time I left. I
shook hands with him. He seemed in good spirits. He
seemed to be perfectly sane ; be wished me good morning,
shook bands, and said, " I suppose you will be coming
up about ten in the morning." 1 have been on with
him since his conviction, and
persons being in charge of him. He was to have been
executed to-day, at twelve o'clock. I considered him per-
fectly sane all the time.
Isaac Smith was the next witness examined, and he said
I am a warder in the gaol, and moue on duty at a quarter-
past six this morning. I was left by Hayhurst in charge of
eight convicts, along with a prisoner named James Bray.
Moore remained in the cell about ten minutes afterwards.
He then went into the convict-yard. lie could not get into
the chapel-yard that he usually exercises in, on account of
Mr. Liddell and another gentleman being in at the time.
He remained in the inner yard from half-put six till five
minutes past seven. lie then went to the chapelyard,
where be has taken exercise since his sentence. He had no
handcuffs on • he was quite free. There were myself
and James Bay with him in the yard. He wished to go
into the yard, and spoke of receivmg the sacrament. He
went into the closet &bout four or five minutes after going
into the yard. He said he would go into the closet for a
minute. He had been into the closet frequently. The
closet is a very narrow one. The door works with a
, spring, and doom of itself. At the end of the closet is
, snider°, about six or seven feet high, and perhaps two feet
from the upper portion to the ceiling. The cistern is two
or three yards in length, and about a yard in breadth, and
supplies the water-closets. There was about three feet of
water in it this morning. Moore was out of my night two
minutes ; certainly not more. At the end of that time I
opened the door, and found he was missing. He had left his
clogs and cap upon the seat. His clogs he bad kept untied
alone Sunday. On looking into the closet after a minute
or two we found the place vacant. I ran to the door and
called for the other officer, and Peington came to my as-
sistance. Bray then got into the water-closet, and another
prisoner named Beaks. Peington got into another closet
and assisted, and together we got the body out. The pri-
soner had to climb to get to the cistern. There would be
great difficulty in getting into the cistern in any way except
head first. It took Bray a minute and a half to get into the
cistern. Moore's body was found in the cistern.
In answer to jurors the witness said—When Moore was in
the closet the other days he stood and talked to him. I spoke
to him when be was in the closet this morning, and he did
not answer. That was the reason he entered. From the
top of the cistern to the root of the closet is about 18 inches,
and through that opening the prisoner must have gone.
Immediately after the recovery of the body the surgeon to
the gaol was sent for, and in the mean time we rolled the
body about the yard to get out the water, and also applied
hot water to the feet.

Several other warden gave similar evidence.
At the end of the investigation, at the suggestion of
the coroner, a verdict was returned that the man Wilson
Moore died by his own hand, and while in a sound state of
mind.

The greatest excitement is caused throughout North and
Fast Lancashire by the occurremm' and no doubt is felt that
some inquiry will be instituted by the Home-office. At
present Lancaster Castle is without a governor, in coos..
quenoe of the death of Captain Hsnabrow, whose officio
has not yet been filled up ; Mr. Liddell, bookkeeper to
the establishment, seeming to be at present the responsible
officer.