The Press.
London, England, 1854-12-02 00:00:00

RUSSIAN PREPARATIONS FOR INKERMANN.

-- -
The tolling of the bells in Sebastopol on the 5.,h,
the fanatical addresses by the Russian clergy and
officers, and the libations of " rum" in aid of the
true religion " have already been recorded. The
following particular account of the preparations
among the Russians on the evening before the battle
are given by a correspondent of the Presse
•

The new reinforcements which have come to the assis•
tance of the Russians hail been already announced to the
commander-in-chief !from Perekop. It was known that
this army, commanded by General Dannenberg—the most
able, we are assured, of all the Russian generals—and by
the two Archdukes Michael and Nicholas, was composed
of the 10th, 11th, and 12th divisions. Each of these corps
consists of sixteen battalions of infantry, of two batteries
of artillery, and of a force of cavalry the number of which
is not accurately known. Altogether 301000 men have
arrived at Sebastopol, post haste, having left their baggage
behind at Nicolaieff.
Having reached a forest, two leagues to the north•east of
Sebastopol, the army halted, and the twoArandukes put them-
selves in communication with Prince Menschikoff, who paid
them a visit. A council of war was held on the 3rd, at which
the two Archdukes, Prince Menschikoff, and General Gorts-
chakoff were the only persons present. It was decided at
the council that an attack should be made upon the allied
forces two days afterwards. The army was to advance to-
wards Inkermann, to take possession of the fortified works
which crown the heights and surround the plain of Inker-
mann. After having accomplished this, the army was to
attack the eastern side of the French works towards Baia-
klava.
At the same time a vigorous sortie was to be made to
help these operations. The point chosen was a spot be•
t seen the Fort Quarantine and the Southern Fort. A
portion of the garrison of the city and of the southern port
was to attack and destroy the first and second French
batteries, which are causing considerable damage in the
town.
Matters being thus arranged, Prince Menschikoff re-
served to himself the command of the town and the dispo-
sition of the columns which were to make the sortie. The
army and the reinforcement which had come up were
placed eder the command of General Gortschakoff. The
army of operation was to receive also draughts of troops
from the garrison of Sebastopol. The Archdukes were
plac 4.1 on the staff.
Measures were immediately taken to ensure the due
execution of these plans.
On the 4th a solemn celebration took place. A mass
was chanted with all solemnity by bishops who had come
with the Archdukes. At the end of the mass the troops
were assembled, and one of the prelates addressed them. I
shiuld have been incredulous as to the details which I am
abut to communicate, had I not received them from a
Russian officer, at present a prisoner at lialaklava, and if
they had not been confirmed by special investigations
which I have made for the purpose of ascertaining their
truth.
The bishop began by reminding the soldiers of their duty
t) the Czar and their country, and drew their attention to
the two Archdukes, who had come to share their dangers.
Re then spoke of their enemies, and gave an explanation of
the battle of Alma calculated to flatter the seltlove and to
elevate the courage of the imperial army. The English
came under the especial natice of the Bishop. He said
they were poor soldiers, destitute of all energy, and hostile
to the cause of God. His allusions to the French were a
mere echo of the proclamation of the Czar at Moscow in
th • year 1412.
The most remarkable point however, was the strange
conclusion of the address :
_ •

----------- -
" you are the conquerors (cried the bishop) great joy
is in preparation for you. We know from unimpeachable
entrees that these English heretics have in their camp an
enormous sum, which God will give into your hands. This
sum amounts to thirty million roubles. The Emperor
makes you a present of the third part of this tremendous
sum. The second third is reserved for the purpose of the
rebuilding of Sebastopol, which you are on the point of
relieving. The remainder will be divided amongst the
princes and officers who will to-morrow be your coni-
menders in the battle. Every one of you soldiers will
receive 580 roubles. To the wounded the Emperor pro-
mises a month's pay and rations. As to those of you
chosen by God for a glorious death, your Emperor will
permit you to dispose of your share in the booty by will.
Whatever may be the wishes of any of you, they will be
respected solemnly."
The speech was terminated by an appeal to the God of
armies to bless the soldiers of Russia. A distribution of
nedals and coronets followed.
- -- •

The officer who has given me these curious details is a
erwm of high family, with a spice of Voltairianism in his
composition, but he assures me that the scene was almost
sublime. It was calculated to make a great impression on
the soldiers, on whom the recollection of the battle of Alma
had operated most prejudicially. Whatever may have been
the cause, whether it was the exhortation of the bishop,
the presence of the princes, greed for gold, or any other
teas m, there is no doubt that the Russians fought most
admirably on the morrow.

THE PRESS.

A CHAPLAIN'S DUTIES IN BATTLE.
The following extracts are from a letter written by
the Rev. U. Lawless, A. M., assistant chaplain to the
second division of the British forces in the Crimea :

November s.—What a Sunday ! I set out this morning
from Balaklava, hoping to attend Sunday service in the
camp. My friends on board cautioned ice about danger
from the Russian fire across the road; on landing at. Bala-
klava I was told that from an early hour there had been
firing close to the town, and when I got close to the outlet
of the town leading to the camp Colonel Daveney, the
commandant, happening to be there, replied to my inquiry.
" is the road open ?" " I cannot answer for that ; 1 rather
fear not." I rode on, however, and found that there had
been no attack in the neighbourhood of Balaklava, or near
the road to the camp. The firing, which was ao much
fiercer than usual, and, iu the peculiar state of the atmo-
sphere, had sounded so near, was, iu fact, on the front and
right of the position before Sebastopol. Arrived at the
hign tableland, which commences about mid-way between
lialaklava and our front, the continuous discharges of
cannon and close incessant rattle of musketry, not more
about the French batteries to the left "lan where our
second division occupy the right, told plainly that fearful
work was going on. 'rite weeping mists of that morning
drew a veil over the scene, but as 1 rode onwards towards the
right it became revealed, first in the numbers of the French
wounded ( mauy of the poor fellows walking calmly while
slowly dragging their wounded limbs along, others borne
on littere), whom I passed by during more than one mile
of my ride. I had barely arrived at the rear of the English
camp when I found that the field hospitals of the second
division had retired to this spot from their former position,
where the enemy's fire had come most formidably. Oh!
what a sad spectacle was now before my eyes ! Groups
every moment increasing of wounded men and officers of
the several regiments of the division spread upon the
ground, their respective surgeons with gory hands busily
and anxiously performing their labours; many of the poor
sufferers consoling themselves as they best could for the
loss of the shattered parts which had just been amputated;
some others clamouring to have a tortured limb cut off;
but the great majority making little of their own wounds
by comparison with the worse cases they saw around them.
Many a one seamed to " have an ear to hear," and joined
fervently in prayer, some that, if spared, they might realise
the blessing of " entering into life maimed." Several,
while conscious that their wound was mortal, exhibited
the greatest patience under agony, and expressed their
meek and humble, but cheerful and hearty, faith in their
Lord sad Saviour. Besides the mournful scene before my
eyes, each moment brought to the ear some sad tidings of
killed or wounded. Among the familiar names, what a
shock to hear that Captain Allis, aideele.canip to Sir De
Lacy Evans, was killed, one who had shown such kind
solicitude for my health, and whose greeting always awaited
me whenever I rode to the camp! After two or three
hours spent in that assemblage of the wounded, Dr.
Lighterwood (who so carefully attended me in all my
illness in Bulgaria) urged me to leave the spot, and I
thought it time to visit some of the other sufferers who
were in various parts of the camp. They were so distant
and scattered I could notfind them all. Atnoug those whom
I did not see was Major Mauleverer ( who had the com-
mand of the 39th since the death of poor Colonel Huey),
but I learnt that his wound (in the leg) was not severe ;
and Majors Champion and Hume, both severely, the former
dangerously wounded. The former was iu command of the
95th (the colonel having been wounded at the Alms). I
had a great regard for both. I saw Colonel Warren, of the
55th ; he had received a wound in the second finger, which
had been excised at the root. Colonel Holy, of the 47th,
had several wounds, which he bore most cheerfully, none
of them considered dangerous; but poor Colonel Carpenter,
of the 41st, was dreadfully wounded. He received me most
warmly. He told me all that had befallen him. Ho ap-
peared quite aware of the dangerous condition he was in,
and gave utterance to a long and fervid prayer. I could
not restrain him from speaking. At last he seemed ex-
hausted, and the surgeon, who just then came in, evidently
considered him dying. Next morning I was surprised to
hear from the surgeon that he was better, but in the course
of the (ley he died. My next visit was to Major Dalton, of
the 49th, who had succeeded to the command of the regi-
ment. Major Powell was killed in the trenches a few days
ago. Poor Major Dalton was pierced through the stomach.
He was very weak, expressed anxiety about his" poor wife
and children." He joined fervently in prayer, casting his
care upon God, and declared his trust in the Saviour. lie
was calm and resigned, but in extreme pain. He did not
survive many hours. Thus I have enumerated the regi-
ments of the whole division, all deprived of their cow-
mending officers. I went next in quest of General Adams,
and found him in great pain from a musket wound through
the ancle. He bore the pain and expressed himself as a
Christian. In the same part of the camp I found Captain
Macdonald, extra aide-de-camp to General l'ennefather.
lying under a painful but not dangerous wound; and met
another of General Pennefather's staff, Captain Harding,
who had received a wound in the ann, but not sufficient
to prevent him from riding about. He confirmed the
accounts I had before received of General Pennefather's
safety. A servant of Colonel Blair, of the Scots Fusilier
Guards, coming in anxious search of their chaplain of the
first divisionl(Mr. Halpin), who had just gone away upon
another melancholy visit, 1 felt called on to go. I found
poor Colonel Blair in great pain, and breathing with diffi-
culty, not expecting to survive the night. He had been
wounded through the stomach. He was in deep concern
for his soul, and timidly desirous to lay hold of the hope
for sinnere. He joined earnestly in prayer. Oh ! how
solemn to witness the soul's anxiety in its fast ebbing mo-
ments ! and how anxious the ministerial task ( in so sudden
a call) to guard against a false peace, and yet not withhold
the free promise of perfect= through Christ. It was
now too Intl to return to 13 vs. 1 tolled on the senior

1135

chaplain, Mr. Wright, and by him and his friends in the
engineer camp was hospitably taken care of in their tent.
Monday, Nov. 6.—This whole day, from half-past nine
to half-past three o'clock, was occupied with,funerals, in
such widely separated places and accompanied with so
much delay that I had nu time to visit the hospitals. I
performed the burial service over-41st Regiment, four
officers, a sergeant, and two men, all laid in one grave ;
55th, Captain Butler, whose brother was killed at Sihstria;
49th, Major hilton and Mr. Armstrong, adjutant; 30th,
Mr. (Captain?) Conolly. I had seen him and prayed with
him on Sunday morning, after he received his wound.
He warmly yet humbly expressed his confidence in the
Saviour. He was in excruciating pain, which he bore
calmly ; and he remarked how similar his case was to that
of his brother (shot on the 211th through the lump' ), except
that his wound was through the intestines, and more likely
to be fatal. His brother, of the 49th, was going on
favourably, hut I fear that the shock of his brother's death
may be against his recovery. They were both pious men,
suns of the late Colonel Conolly, M.P.
Tuesday, Nov. 7.—To-day 1 visited a shipfel of wounded
(the l'alarera ), including six officers. There was many a
case of excessive suffering, and many, I trust, of repentance
and faith. tieneral Pennefether is among the many
astonishing instances of merciful preservation from close
danger. He and his Brigade-Major Thackwell (both un-
hurt) had their horses shot under them. I saw the car-
case of the general's horse, and beside it the unexploded
shell which had passed into the animal's head and out
through his neck.

THE HOSPITALS.
The arrival of Miss Nightingale and her staff of
nurses at Scutari has been followed by a welcome
amelioration ii. the condition of the wounded soldiers
who were lying in the hospital there. The funds
raised by public subscription in England for the
"sick andwounded soldiers" is also being applied with
the best. effect. The French have all along had the
assistance of the Levantine Catholics, and although
their hospital arrangements have been more complete,
and the number of their official medical men for
greater than at Scutari, yet they have shown no un-
willingness to accept the contributims and to employ
the labours of their co-religionists. Tue Sisters of
Charity in Smyrna alone have supplied largo
quantities of sheets and socks, and not less than
eight thousand shirts ; those of Pere are employed
in the hospital, and from all sides their sick and
wounded are supplied with little comforts until lately
altogether unknown in the British hospital. A
chaplain attached to the hospital, in a letter from
Scutari, dated on the 10th November, says :

Most gladly did we welcome good Miss Nightingale and
her party, and before evening they were all comfortably
lodged and provided for. They will be invaluable in severe
cases of illness, and in any emergency. Our surgeons last.
night one and all confessed that they were of the greatest
use in attending to 600 wounded who came in during the
afternoon. These were the wounded of the sth, when the
Russians gave us a hard day's fighting ; but we held our
own, and they lost, it is said, 10,000 men.
Miss Nightingale appears eminently qualified for the
noble work she has undertaken, and 1 trust she may have
strength to carry it out. Her labours will spare the clergy
many a sad sight of men sinking for want of proper nursing,
and because food csnnot be administered often enough.
This is impossible with only hospital orderlies, but, with
the nurses, all who need will be supplied.
Mrs. and Mr. Bracebridge I welcomed as friends, and
their labours of love 1 have long known. They are most
active, and to-day I may say all are in full work.
Mr. S. U. Osborne has arrived here, offering his services,
and bearing credential* front Sidney Herbert. 1 have put
into his care half of the Barrack Hospital, which today
numbers 2,300 patients, and will have another 600 added
during the day. The Hospital Proper numbers still 1,000
patients. Mr. Wright has sent for Mr. Oilbume, so that
have only Mr. Lewis here, who takes the hospital. I am,
therefore, most thankful for Mr. Osborne's help. Two
Rennin Catholic priests are here—Messrs. Cuile and Butt.
Mr. Halett went up to the Crimea on Sunday in the Prince,
but did not come to me, or I should have detained him, but
Mr. Osborne in some sort supplies his place. We require
another chaplain here yet, SI I have not been able to get to
the hulk for a fortnight past, and there are 501) men on
board her.
Mr. A. Stafford, M.P. for Northamptonshire, is here, and
has volunteered to write letters fur the men. They are
very glad of his services, and I have seen him sitting hour
after hour on the beds, most patiently writing the words
which will cheer many hearts at home. Mr. Osborne's sun
is also engaged in the same work.
The gentlemen who are sent by the 7'intes to dispose of
their fund are also here, and anxious to spend the fund in
the best manner. I have suggested several things to them,
and will give them every assistance iu helping our men.
Mr. Osborne has some funds, and generally adds one or two
pounds to Mr. Stafford's letter, where the wives or families
at home are in need.
Lady Stratford comes and sends frequently, and has
made me her almoner for jellies, pies, and soups for the
officers. Miss Nightingale only takes care of the men, so
Lady Stratford sends for the officers.
We much need religious books and small Common
Prayer-books. My stock is exhausted, but I have 'Testa-
ments still. I have distributed 1;100, and more are needed.
The Bible Society in Stamboul send me any quantity of
Testaments. Devotional books are much needed. The
Bishop of London's " Private Devotion " is much prized ;
but 1,40 u prayer-books would be the best gift. There intn-t
now be immense numbers here all the winter, since we now
number so many, and Sebastopol not yet attacked; so any
books awn 9ltt will be fen Mate.

1136

Oar soldiers are delighted with the nurses. One poor
fellow burst into tears, and exclaimed to me, " I can't help
crying when I see them. Only think of Englishwomen
coming out here to nurse us ; it is so homelike and com-
fortable."
DEATHS IN SCUTARI HOSPITALS.
The following is the return of deaths at Scutari
hospitals, from Nov. 8 to Nov. 14, as reported at the
commandant's office by the medical author ities :
Nov. B.—Privates Joseph Ross, Bth Hussars, wounds—
James Millard, Scotch Fusilier Guards, wounds—F.
Campbell, 2nd Dragoons, wounds—W. Topham, 57th
Regiment, diarrhea—George He wdley, Coldstream Guards,
diarrhoea—John Eyres, 2nd battalion Rifle Brigade, d'art.-
hcsa—George Goldsmith, 38th Regiment, dysentery—Mau-
rice Scanlan, 24th Regiment, diarrhoea—William C.
M'Beath, 2nd Dragoons, vulnus.
Nov. 9.—Private James Watt, 30th Regiment, diarr-
lice'. Sergeant James Buck, 23rd Regiment, vulnus.
Privates James Newton, 33rd Regiment, vulnus--John
MNamara, R.A., Ascites—W. Barrett, 49th Regiment,
diarrhoea.
Nov. 10.—Privates Thomas Westlake, RA., Jaundice—
Edward Fox, 19th Regiment, dysentery--John Gaifrey,
20th Regiment, diarrhoea—Patrick M'Carthy, 21st Regi-
ment, diarrboaa—ltaniel Miller, 93rd Regiment, diem
boas—James Lacey, 33rd Regiment, wounds—James
Thompson, 79th Regiment, diarrhma.
Nov. 11.—Privates Thomas Stapleton, 44th Regiment,
diarrhoea—W. Lloyd, 77th Regiment, diarrhcea—Williarn
II
Cheekley, 6th Dragoons, diarrhoas—W. Gonch, 19th Regi-
ment, amputation—Robert M`Leeran, 79th Regiment,
II
paralysis. Sergeant Thomas Rich, Coldstream Guards,
diarrhoea. Private Henry Wood, Scotch Fusilier Guards,
wounds.
Nov. 12.—Privates James Long, 77th Regiment,
wounds—James Taylor, 95th Regiment, vulnus—Stephen
Brant, 33rd Regiment, diarrhoea—James Ainsbury, 23rd
Regiment, pulmonitis--Richard Burns, Ist Foot, diarr-
hoea—Thomas Taylor, 23rd Regiment, contusion. Cor-
poral John Davidson, 49th Regiment, wounds. Privates
Robert Quilter, Coldstream Guards, wounds—James Curry
(supposed) 95th Regiment wounds—James Price, Grena-
dier Guards, wounds—Thomas Thompson, 33rd Regiment,
diarrhaas—Thomas Whitmore, 33rd Regiment, diarrhoea.
Corporal George Ford, Scots Fusilier Guards, diarrhoea,
Privates William Middleton, 19th Regiment, dtarrhcea—
Richard Revers, Ist Foot, choleraic dysentery.
Nov. 13 —Privates William M'lntosh, 93rd Regiment,
diarrhcca—Jeremiah Burns, 33rd Regiment, wounds—John
J. Monger, 94th Regiment, wounds—Thomas Loveren,
95th Regiment, syncope.
Nov. 14.—Privates Joseph Ritson, 2nd battalion Rifle
Brigade, amputation—W. Hill, Coldstream Guards,
wounds—W. Reynolds, Royal Artillery, diarrhcea—W.
Dunn, 57th Regiment, wounds—Elijah Townsend, 19th
Regiment, diarrhoea—Peter Donelly, 30th Regiment, diarr-
hea.—id Patrick, Ist battalion Rifle Brigade, diarr-
hcea Colo
Garrett Woods, Ambulance Corps,
liarrhcea. Private Henry Palmer, Coldstream Guards
diarrhms.
THE REIN FORC EM NT S.
The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Tamar,
with the 66th Regiment, and 125 of the sixth division
of royal artillery on board, left Southampton on
Saturday for the Black Sea. The 66th will he ex-
changed at Gibraltar for another regiment, which
will be conveyed on by the Tamar.
The Royal Mail steam-ship Niagara, Captain Neil
Shannon, sailed from Liverpool on Saturday for
Gibraltar, with the 54th Regiment, and a company
of the 50th, with some of the artillery corps on
board.
The whole of the troops now proceeding to the
seat of war are to be armed with the Minis rifle.
During their passage out to the Crimea, those un-
accustomed to the weapon will be instructed in its
management, and wenever acticable, be exercised
in firing at a target to be h proisted at the foretop-
gallantmest.
Upwards of 800 men have this week joined the
three brigades of Guards from the militia. In con-
sequence of the large number of men belonging to
the household troops who have been recently des-
patched to the Crimea, a party of the 18th Royal
Irish have been placed on duty at the Horse Guards,
but the sentinels at Buckingham Palace were supplied
by the Grenadier Guards.
The main body of the 46th, under Colonel Garrett,
landed at Balaklava on the 7th. The regiment was
in magnificent condition, and in tie best spirits.
Nothing could be more striking than the difference
of appearance presented by these new arrivals and
the old regiments. On the one side were tattered
coatees of a deep dirt colour, and all the unmistake-
able signs of hard campaigning ; on the other, we
had the splendid red uniform unsoiled by a particle
of dust, with crossbelts scattering pipe-clay, and
boots actually shining.
From Malta on the 22nd, the Ottawa and Cleo.
patra had sailed with 1,096 men, the Golden Fleece
with 571 men. The Arethusa had: arrived from Con-
stantinople with 192 in'talids.
Between the 9th and 13th Mayran's division and
2,3.10 more French troops left Constantinople for the
Crimea; 10,000 Turks and 6,500 Egyptians had also
taken their departure.
There were on Wednesday at Toulon three ships .of
the-line and eight frigates filled with troops for the
Crimea.
In order to make up for the temporary losses which

THE PRES

might arise in the French squadron, two entirely new
ships-of the-line, the Turenne and the Donauwerth,
were some time since despatched from Toulon.
They left that port on the 6th of the present month,
and strived at Constantinople after a rapid voyage
of nine days, laden with troops, provisions, and mate-
tie/ of every kind.
At the ironworks of Conches, in the department of
the pure, an order for 10,000 shells and 50,000 small
cannon-balls is being executed with the greatest
activity.
The movements of Turkish troops are now repre-
sented as being directed to ports of embarkation for
the Crimea, and not towards the Danube. A corps
of 100,000 Ottomans was tube sent to Balaklava from
the Bosphorus, and two regiments were also to em-
bark at Varna with the same destination. It is again
also reported in Constantinople that the entire
Turkish corps at Tschuruk-Su was to be withdrawn
for employment in the Crimea.

Colonel Horn, of the 20th, and Colonel Garrett, of
the 40th, were to have the brigades of the fourth
division, vacated by the death of Brigadier-General
Goldie, killed at lnkermann, and by the departure
for England of Brigadier-General Torrens, dange-
rously wounded in the same action. The command
of the division has devolved upon General Adams,
late brigadier-general to the 2nd British division.
Four additional Romish priests are to be forthwith
despatched to the East. Two of them are of the
Order of Jesuits.

THE FRENCH REINFORCEMENTS.
Commenting upon the announcement i n the
Emperor's letter to General Canrobert that large
reinforcements were already on their way to the seat
of war, the Debata enters into some details which
throw light on the precise nature of the aid thus
despatched to the Crimean army, and also respecting
the purposed co-operation with Omer Pacha in
Bessarabia. In Paris it is reported that the command
of the two divisions which are to operate in the
principalities will be entrusted to Marshal Baraguay
d'Hilliers. The following are extracts from the
article in the Debats :
The Emperor in his letter, whilst addressing to our
soldiers of the army of the East just praise and noble felici-
tations for their devotedness and intrepid constancy, tells
them also that he knows perfectly well the difficulties which
they have to overcome in this new phase of the siege of
Sebastopol. But he announces to them at the same time
that important reinforcements are at present leaving France
to take part in their labours, their danger, and their glory.
Four divisions, of 11,000 men each, have, in fact, been
assembled on a war footing, and have set out with their
artillery, engineers, materiel of administration, ambulance,
and conveyance. A division in our military organisation
is so arranged that it carries within itself all the elements
of war, industrial labour, assistance, and shelter, that can
be required to ensure the strength and health of the troops
when on a campaign. In that the English, since they
have been encamped by our side, have rendered full justice
to the superiority of our organisation. Of the four divisions
which the Emperor is sending out to the East, the first two
must at the present moment be almost all embarked at
Toulon, where ships-of-the-line and steamers of large
dimensions were prepared to receive them. The passage
to the Crimea is one of from ten to fifteen days in this
season. These 22,1KM1 men can therefore arrive at Sebas-
topol towards the 10th of next month. Prince Menschi-
koff, in one of his reports, estimated some time back the
allied army at 50,000 men only. We believe that at that
time it was at least 00,000 strong—a number far inferior
to that of the Russian army, estimated at 80,000, and at
present increased to 100,000. It has been seen, however,
that in spite of their inferiority in number, the English
and French, and in particular the English at I nkermann,
twice worsted the Russians, when bursting on 'them in
deep masses. The losses of the. Russians were enormous ;
they have been stated at 10,000 men—an amount almost
incredible,And yet quiet real, since they left 5,000 dead
bodies on the field of battle. The allied army also lost
considerably, but still less than the Russians, because the
victors always suffer much less than the conquered. It
also suffers daily losses in the trenches ; but the Anglo-
French troops have not ceased to receive almost daily, as
reinforcements, detachments front Algeria, Corfu, Malta,
and Gallipoli. without reckoning the men cured of wounds
or illness who are sent from Constantinople to rejoin their
corps. By means of these frequent replacements, the allied
army must be still at about 00,104) fighting men, without
reckoning the others, who receive rations, yet are nut in-
cluded amongst those who appear on the battle-field, but
whose special services are not less indispensable to the suc-
cess of a campaign. Besides the two French divisions of
22,000 men, a division is to be sent from England of 5,1)00
or 0,000 men. Volunteers from the militia are to be
formed into regiments. so as to leave the regiments of the
line in garrison in England, and at Gibraltar, Corfu, and
Malta, available for the army of the East. The allied
army will in that way be raised to 90,000 men ; hut until
then we are persuaded that the excellent troops of the two
nations will be able, as previously, to repulse the attacks of
the enemy. In addition to the two divisions destined for
the Crimea, two other French divisions, and probably also
an English one, are before long to be embarked to join the
army of Omer Pacha, in order to attack the Rusians in
the very heart of Bassarabia ; so making a powerful diver-
sion which cannot fail to have its effect in the Crimea, and
under the walls of Sebastopol.

IATURDAY,

ST. PETERSBURG AND THE CZAR.
The Constitutionnet publishes some extracts front
a letter written in St. Petersburg, for whose correct-
ness t professes to vouch, containing some details as
to the state of affairs in that capital :
The Emperor Nicholas, notwithstanding the pre-occu-
pations of the war, still keeps to his usual habit of taking
twittery walks. He may frequently be met in the streets
on foot, protected, however, against the indiscretions of
curiosity by the police regulations, which forbid any one
to speak to him. Although his face has long since con-
tracted a character of impassibility, it is readily seen that
terrible storms have assailed his mind and reacted on
his physical strength- He has got much thinner,
and his hair is almost white. We have already
spoken of the honourable treatment given to two of our
officers, MM. de l)ampierre and Lagondie. The two fol-
lowing anecdotes may serve as a pendant to that trait of
character. A Frenchman having been insulted by a trades-
man in a large way of business, the Emperor was informed
of it. He sent for the tradesman and demanded the reason
of his conduct. " Because 1 detest their nation," was
the reply.—" You have no other motive, and it is from
hatred of the French that you have acted so?"—" Yes,
sire."—" Well, then, I will give you an opportunity of
gratifying that resentment. You shall be sent to the army
in the Crimea." On another occasion the Czar was in.
formed that some nobles refused to pay a debt they owed
to a French tradesmen. He sent orders to them to settle
their accounts immediately. It may be remarked that, of
all foreigners, Frenchmen are regarded with the least dis-
like by the Russians. The English are not so well treated,
but the Austrians are the object of general animadversion.
Every kind of vexation is heaped on them. The conse-
quences of the war are severely felt iu the capital.
With the exception of bread, the price of which is moderate
in consequence of the abundance of the late harvest, every-
thing is excessively dear A bottle of champagne costs from
20 to :25f., sugar is If. 50c. a pound ; salad oil Of. a bottle;
a glass of brandy tiOc, ; and other things in the same way.
The supply of coal is completely exhausted. The gas-
works is suspended, and it is found necessary to light the
capital with oil, which is very expensive and insufficient.
The steam-boat which runs to Cronstadt, as well as the
locomotives on the railways, are compelled to heat their
boilers with wood. The aspect of the city is very gloomy.
At the first commencement of the war the lower classes
were rather enthusiastic, while the upper classes, whose
fortunes were affected, were morose and desperate. Popular
demonstrations were organised in honour of the Csar and
of holy Russia. The processions of the moujicks called to
mind the manifestations which with us followed the revo-
lution of February, But this effervesence subsided by
degrees, and moreot er the Government began to get uneas
at those patriotic fetes, which brought into the streets idle
workmen heated by copious libations. Since then a veil
of melancholy has hung over the city. The nobility who
are much in debt can no longer get credit ; trade is at a
stand, and the people are suffering. A number of the
largest establishments are closed, and the manufactories
which still remain at work have dismissed the half or two-
thirds of their hands. The principal hotels are going to
ruin. The price of rent has considerably diminished. The
people hear little or nothing of what is going on at the
seat of war. The foreign journals arrive in a very lacerated
state, the police cutting out everything that displeases
them. The news of the battle of the Alma was not known
to the public until four days after the intelligence of it had
reached the authorities. The only troops left at St.
Petersburg are the 45,000 man of the Guard. Last month
there were several reviews, at one of which thirty-six
standards taken from the Circassians were presented to the
Emperor. Only one of those standards was, however,
genuine, the remainder were of Russian manufacture. This
exhibition produced a very bad effect on the enlightened
part of the public.
INCIDENTS OF THE WAR.
When at the battle of Inkermann, General Bosquet sent
to Sir George Cathcart to inquire whether he wanted rein-
forcements, the latter, being at the moment hemmed in. by
an immense Russian force, is said to have replied, "
Yes ;
but don't hurry yourself."
Prince Menschikoff reports to the Emperor that among
the Russian officers who fell at litkermann was General
Alexander Ouchterlony, of the Imperial Guard.
of his
officer (says the Brechin Advertiser) was grandson
late Mr. John Ouchterlony, of Montrose. The ggperal,
who had distinguished himself in the Emperor's service,
visited Montrose some years ago, and was much esteemed
for his affability and intelligence. He leaves two sons
and a daughter. The Ouchterlony family are lineally de-
scended from Prince Rupert ; and the general's grand-
father was a son of Mr. Ouchterlony, of Kintroekat, and
his wife Miss Young, of Aldbar.
A letter from the French camp before Sebastopol says:—
" Recently, in a house to which some Cossacks had set fire,
we found in a room, and on the point of being suffocated
itit the smoke, a child of about eighteen months old,
elegantly dressed, and having it gold cross suspended from
its neck. The poor infant smiled upon our Grenadiers,
who removed it, and have adopted it until the family to
whom it belongs shall have been discovered. It is
nowtcuris
to see the Grenadiers fondling the baby, and treatg
with as much tenderness as it could receive from Its
-*her."

.11A/VS ••.• •
Tin late leader of the Preston strike, Mr. George
Cowell, is now imprisoned for debt in Lancaster
Castle, whence be has indited an advertisement to
the public for their assistance. His debt appears to
be only for printing the statements of accounts and
weekly balance sheets.
Mn. CotoErr has been nominated Secretary of the
British Embassy at Madrid, principally, it is said, on
account of his being thoroughly versed in all is t
relates to the question of Cuba.