The Express.
London, England, 1855-05-25 00:00:00

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sewed ite that, sad bee Majesty ha hem *awl femme
ef the theirs, he felt that he set in beam Moe M
sedertake that duly. law. Mir.) TM *be be..
Nesse mid he eight le ham hew dile Ike tided
Is wee net he bib delsisise Oat The gaieties woe
asseiguoil hy the tegeuentelime Feetwee Igegfend, end
Amens; and when he was is Ptak he wee fideWied by his
ruble trifled at the head of the gmenenteiM Mat tbe paints
swam be takes is the wren in skit iley amid. (Hear,
heel He had, eambier Ile lira point ;
belief was that the mmeemies made with regard to
the Priseetpalities was ef Ibe sesellet impeeleme. (Hear,
wail The ti& ►_hem gentientes. In Grabs of the pro.
...sans of Numb veer the Greek Olideldeas of the
Tetkish empire. eladilledel two things wedded mere per-
had, distiagethe gesteeteeele ever Weibel& end
lld-
gevia, mkt* IMO InglifilMni .et wig W NM treaty of
Raisardji, but by the embeerplant treader af lainaaaaa and
Agrissople, wad the porosities which was pat forward by
Priam Menchlkot mid* west fat beyond those treaties,
gad was baud cm as eneneens intumetallien if the
te
of Kaiaardii. It wadi be meeillemed Mat when Sirg.
somas, 'eked the Ramer ei Ramie te pulse wet the gu-
nge no that treaty whicit =fled the skim weft by
Prises Menchik his as Fia-
puon frequealy apt to do gellge=a7lisiessidredo and
hi will show yen Me
tirade either treaty. Sir H. Seymour
did go, and asked Cent Nemeleede te pint out the article ;
aid Count Nesesieetlee reply wee Matte war not very cae-
sarian% with the Meaty, but that Count Broanow wee, and
that be wield elm the la the treaty. (" Hear,
beet," and Aterybitee.) Cmat Draauw did not point out
say such pump. sod theeldhee tiny Nine to the eimelosion
that there yes am mit sight gamalsed by treaty as that
pat forward. She tight Yee. gesileeme Oman made
atter ..nefukin able be sesdtssiai Me *imp se manly
distinct ae the right white wen gnatenteed by anent Won
ties, and whist', therellens. they eusid net mks, to disuse,
and the claim put derassi by Prism Meeehtkoff. He
would sot at that late hear ge isle lb. Oat about the
navigation of the Danube. Meese thee le say, that in
respect to it they bed obtained sensiderable security. When
they came to the third poutthey had to Goulds, the whole
question, and a most impartial question it was—a question
which bad occupied teem for two years past, sad which
might occupy the parliament of this country for future gene-
rations—whether they ought not to put Ken, bounds
to the proem, of Rama; and if so, in what man-
lier that object should be effected. (Hear, hear.)
Is wee not for him to solve that great problem. Bat it wee
cossidered not only by the statesmen of England sued
Foam, but by the Emperor of the French, in the latenieW
which he toads' honour of having with him, sad* ism
Oda ladies statesmen of the continent of E abase
great elperienc• sad ability gave to their o
greatest authority, whatever might have been the
hoe of Russia, that would not have j
them in oratiag war apoa Rana, bat being at war
with Ramis that parities became one of the most serious tot
thee a iseideratioa. (Hear.) Russia bad inereased her
power more thin say other country in Europe since the
commsoceeseet of the century. (" No, no," sad " Hear.")
She bed 60 000,000 of inhabitanta, and an army of 800,000
mu is time of peace. Alter a considerable struggle, and
sash resistance on the part of Lord Castlereagh and Prince
Talleyrand. Ramie was allowed to acquire and tears her
power over Poland, with the beauties, however, that
Poised was to have a separate constitution and a separate
army, which would give her a kind of national existence.
Bet tut condition we, broken through, and new fetters of
iros bound her to Russia after the insurrection of 1831.
thus this Russia had erected inPoland sin or seven fortresses
of at least equal strength to that of Sebastobol. She con•
elated the peasantry by a policy well adapted for that pup
pose, whilst at the mate time the young men of Poland,
who, full of patriotic ardour and recollections, might one day
rise to swat the freedom of their country, were carefully
minted end sent into the intoner and distant prosiness of
Russia, where they met with no sympathy, where their fate
wee wafture, and where they remained forgotten by all
env the Matins from whom they were takes. (Hear,
bear.) In the Baltic, Ramie was preparing a great plan of
fortifitstiona, which were unknown till Sir C. Napier sent
home a plan of them. These fortifications, when com-
pleted, could have given Russia entire predominance
over toe Baltic, so that neither Denmark nor Sweden,
nor any whir power, could have he.d up a finger against
her in that sea. (Hear, heat.) In Germany she was con-
nected with many of the small princes of that country by
marriages. Many of the German states he was sorry to
say lived in fear of revolutionary principles, and depended
on their armies alone for protection. (Hear.) Many of '
the officers of these armies were 'educed by the Russian
court, which spread rewards and orders amongst them, and
even paid their debts in some cases. (Hear, hear.)
Germany, which should be the seat of independence,
and which should eland forward the first to protect Europe
against the encroachments of Roan, wee undermined in
its vital strength and in its national independence, by the
arts and contrivances of Russia. (Hear.) He bad not yet
spoken of the immediate danger with which they had to
dui. It was this, that, after a long cosine of violence
sad eggresiioo, Turkey Wiped the treaty of Adrianople,
which gave new powers to Russia, and confirmed old ones.
The danger of that treaty was ably pointed' out by Lord
Aberdeen, But neither Lord Aberdeen nor the Duke of
Wellington judged it right—and he thought wisely— to
fro to war on account of the Inc aaaaa of power thus obtained by
Rana. But now that war wee begun, it was not for them
to forget the meson which Lord Aberdeen hen given and
the daogers he had pointed out. Russia had great means of
influence in Turkey—each means of influence, that, if she
used them wisely and prudently, she might eeercise a pre-
dominant control is the councils of Constantinople. (Hear.)
But, in an hover imprudence—he would not say more
of the conduct of a sovereign who had since passed
away—the Emperor insisted upon what Turkey thought
to be a degradation, and occupied the provinces of
Turkey to enforce his demand. Turkey resisted that
degradation; and thinking, from the offers of support
that she resolved from France and Great Britain, that
she would be supported in such a struggle, had recourse
to arms in her defence. Lord Stratford de Radcliffe,
whom the house would allow to be well acquainted with
this abject, bad said, some time before, " I think the time
ham come when Turkey's position must be entirely altered;
either she will fall into a state of total dependence
upon Russia, or else she must get rid of all those
tweets and shackles by which, for many years put, she
has ban fettered and encumbered." Well, that war the
question, whether the allied governments should leave her
to be got completely under the sway of Russia, as a sub-
ject, or whether they should endeavour to raise her to
something higher than her present condition, as an inde-
pendent state. Tne allied governments close the latter part
of ibis alternative. It became them, therefore, firstly, to
consider the immediate danger. That immediate danger
was warded off. The gallant defence of &atria by the
Turks liquid always be remembered with praise and honour.
That siege of &lava, however, would have been renewed,
sad bad it been, the result might have been as when the
campaign of 1928 failed, and wee renewed in 1829. The
angs of Silliest' failed, but in the course of the same
MUM, or at some other time, the siege of Siliettia
would have bees renewed, and a greater fores would have
been brought against it. Well, the approach of the allies
prevented that danger, and the Russians retired across the
Danube. Austria then said that she could not permit
Rues to occupy those Principalities; all her learns' we
said it was impossible to allow that occupation to madam
and she, therefore, for a partial interest—though he lashed
she haddote it for a more general interest—esid, that un-
less those two Princialities were evacuated she would try
the fete of arms, and declare war again! Rneeis. Upon
her form being assembled, Ramis evacuated those Pried.
polities, Now, let it be observed, that it was be.
cease those Principalities were thus placed wider the MOO
.guard of Austria, it was because easy attempt be Imola
Turkey, to cross the Balkan' mad emit
wee thus prevented, that the ads felt theamelrm
to send that expedition to the Cann Like his right hon.
friend, he (Lord Jabs Russell) podded in thinking that
they were matt is mooing that mgedition, and hke him
he would reserve the question ierseare future period,when
It might be matter foe discussion. But this effect followed
It—that, from the prewar* at Sebastopol, the Russian
feet bad been, a put part of it, sunk by the Russian
authorities themselves. The Russians themselves had di-
minished that fleet; audit was no longer a fleet of 18 or
20 sail of the line which menaced Coastaninoplie, and
showed constantly a perpetual threat to Turkey. The
question lay thus epos that third point, how the allies
could diminish her power, sad put an end to her prepoade.
race in the Black Sea. He (Lord J. Russell) confessed
that he we. not at all mahatma of the manes, in which he
agreed with Count Bad to invite the Russian plenipoten-
banes to take the initiative on that qaestion. Count Buol
teprimienad ti him, and, he Waved, represested shoo to
the itemise plenipotentiary, before it wee hrought forward
is the conference, that it would be hurtful to the dignity of
Rung to have certain terms impaled epee her for the lasi.
Luton of her power, but that, in eelelliderStiOe of the
seaa-
rity of Europe, sae might make a proposition herself to that
ellot—teet she might make that proposition to Turkey ;
mad be (Coast Beal) asked the plenipotentiaries of Frames
aid Beelsod hot to bring forward a propoeltios until
be should have made that
ord sroarsol. Counti Buei
tide
bileretehdat peo[wwl, and t
cep hereol, " Is tbu:seieeLf"."l24
Lad and her allies (since he wee answering for
aid not fir Ramis, as the right boa. gentleman mop eTrids
die best and only admissible esaditime at pease mai be
Woe which should, consistently with the beams of Um*
W is keremy with the iassues of laeepe. pre ear the
ems amplicatieas mks, this whisk bed IA la the
punt easant." And be waited new te NA, provided tie
siewity of Europe
_Mere obtainea--provided that the return
of what were called " coesplisadmis," the return of dread-
ed were is fad, should be pirmasead—waa It net
imitable that the terms sisaU be imeepetible with
the beam et Bemis, aid M. Rousts Amid
be eatielled with the term agreed to ? Therefore,
be was iota Taft, sad he Wined his colleagues were,
to able by the dedaratlon that he this Bede. The assurer
II UNA& we a less time is errtar Si and it wee
uslartmete dist the Ranies plieivAnies were
imbed use se mite say repent. Ifs me teites
of hie navy hp the &spear Mambo wee *eosin,
by Russians of great segarite sad a:forbear,
to be an error, besseee literals sees amid he made to cope
with the maritime powers. What bed been the use et the
Sill of eighties or nineteen sail with& Reeds
eeassed is
the Black Sea ? sooner 414 the bele r the ease
'Pew, thee it sulked into flebeelepti, and a great pert of
it bed been destroyed by the leseeiess themselves. it wee
therefore no suavity to Ramis, but one of the pram la
whom ho (Lord J. &well) had alluded said to him Meta it
Russia olgected to diminish that Beet, it would he a prier
that Russia intended aggreseioe. He (Lord J. Rased)

teht that amnesties wee partway just ; and he be-
Men sar *SU sae *as when he west to Visas*, and
'Swathesbabas,* Met Leer, that eggremiee wee la the
er
et imeris. She Itssime believed that the
'tiirlsZttha
power seat Mem dssq, sad that either Trams
et Ragland maid banes t. miss epee Crimean , sad
that the Reeks ampla would be I. danger, UTl:here•
to that thsgehesid be Lsforebend and maim themselves
Nameless el the mismangisairities. It emu to the mate
thieg..4llatlife, e aad iateation of Ratan at
sem ROMsad t he in se very remote future,
to= heesell of Ceselentiaopl.s. (Hear, beer.) then,
Mat, wen the greenneents et Freese sad Groat
labia le stem with prepsitions that nave no severity tHe
sisilled the ispeediellseest the guarantee they prepared
IN* as they wen preinded hem sang he say curio. of
temilley by the peas*, be avid see se bettor security
shad Soy call all* then the Msitaltes of the Russian
bat amp% trot else plan, to shish Russia was far mere
=I, *tasking*. Black Sea a oommersial sea sho-
aled not admitting any ships of war. The
right iliasearable member for Bakimghasashira would
have bad them make a simply defensive war, hat
how ? Was it by hoping an army perpetually to defend
Turkey ? It wee set enough to defend her against the
immediate peril, nor would it seam that Rasta de-
mand, for the hundredth time, that she would
respect the integrity and independence of Turkey.
He mast say that he did not expect to hoer that Austria was
prepared, in the present state of the question, to take thump
modiste part in the war against Ramis with us He be-
lieved that she would have consulted her own laterest and
dignity better if she had some time ago joined as in that
war; bat there were very considers is motives, very
powerfal motives, urging her to maintain pure. She had
not her capital in the situation of Londo• or Paris, free
from say danger of incursion from Russia. She had no
htheomes sufficient to prevent a Russian army, if it gained
NM Victory, from marching at thee to Vienna. See had no
ware alliance with Prussia; and that was moo( the main
actives which had deterred her from takieg an active
part in this war. Prussia, her great rival, net
only oppeeed her ce this gaieties, but wee sou-
Meetly canvassing the smaller states of Germany
=her views, and endeavouring to pin them over.
bear.) Unless they could show that there was some
pthensithant and necessary motive to induce them to go to
Mg the Austrian goverameat felt that they would not be
, is the face et the population of Germany, in en
teriag hits that war. He told this freely to the heath, not
may to do jostles to Austria, bat because he did not wish
to hold out hopes, that might not be verified, that Austria
would immediately take part is that war. He thought,
however, that her position was such, and her treaty engage-
ments with us were such, that if the war aostinuird she
email find it necessary, in order to meet and vanquish that
=vience of Rusts, to take part in the war. Of this
ere, that the part wheat Austria had played, not
akin shares in the spoils of Turkey, se was expected, but
=with in all the moseures sad proposals which we
us
might necessary, would never be forgotten by Russia,
MA that her only safety lay in building up such alliances
as might secure Turkey an enure Estop. (Hear, hear.)
Re therefore should be ready to TOW against the motion,
which degraded this great national cause, not merely into
• party question (a party question might be a very great
question), but into • very limited and narrow party es-
don—(hear, hear)—• question with respect to particular
eondoet at a particular moment, and particular laeguap
held in debates. (Hear, bear.) He had n known a
Feat matter—perhape one of the greatest national questions
which were ever debated in that hones, which bad ever
engaged the councils of the empire, which had ever
sewed the exercise of the arms of this country—to be so
=es this queatiea had been. (Cheers.) Mr. Die-
mid that great mistrust prevailed. He did not
day that there was much foundatiOn for the observation ;
but he did not believe that that mistrust would be cured,
sad that general satisfaction and confidence would take the
place of uneasiaths and satiety, by substituting the right
hon. gentleman and his friends for the noble lord and those
who now sat on the government side of the house. (Heir,
hear.) Much was said about administrative reform. It
was a very natural question, a natural cry ; the ols-
jeet was most desirable; but why should it be pre-
sumed that other men, either thews who were well
known, sitting on the other side of the house, or some other
men totally unknown, who would carry on administrative
reform were better than those at present in the of
power ? (.. Hear, hear," and laughter.) hey could
hardly have a better measure than that which had been
proposed by Lord Pamirs on the subject of reform in the
army departments, with respect to which departments
especially the difficulty had been felt. Hs proposed to
place all the civil breadth! of the army under the superin-
tendence of a single secretary of state ; so that one eye
might watch and one hand guide the whole machi-
nery. In the other departments—the finances, the Home
Department, or the Colonial Department—be was not aware
that any complaint of inefficiency had bees made. While
the right bon. gentleman was not founded in his proposal as
regarded the particolsr question, he was no better founded
in the remedy he proposed for what he called general dis-
trust. He (Lord J. Russell) was convinced that the
party opposite would not gain an credit by
having it said—as it surely would be said—
in this great crisis of the fortunes of the country,
that the great conservative party who, for upwards
of • year, bad with the greatest patriotism come forward to
support the crown and maintain the honour of the country
by every vote they twilit give, after little moth them a year
got tired of the exercise of that virtue; that they thought
there was an opportunity of slippier into office in the place
of these then then; and that, having lost an occasion
which seemed to be about to be offered them by an lade.
peadent member of the house, they rushed forward in thee
to gain the prise of which they were ambitious. (Chem
and laughter.) He believed that the right hes. gestisames
and his friends would gain no such prise. Whatever might
be the result of the division, in paint M regstaties abbe&
been a false move on the part of pollessa egperew (Meer,
hear.) If they those to point oat eel meson lay ea of
government, the government was opera to aay memere, any
observation, any criticism they might make. Bat to bring
forward vague words—(bmr, hthr)—to ask for • vote upon
what *eased to be the feeling of the moment, and which
might not last above • day or two—to be so impatient
as not to wait over 'lse Whitman holidays—(laughter)—
or till the negotiations were thecisded—that was such a
falling off in the patriotism and virtee which gentlemen
opposite bad hitherto 'reused that ha really thought they
would add nothing to their tome by soh a tonne. (Hear.)
On the motion of Mr. WILITISIDZ, the debate wee ad-
journed.
DWELLINGS FOR THE LABOURING CLASSES.
Sir W. SOMERVILLE obtained leave to bring in a bill
to encourage the providing of improved dwellings for the
labouring chums in Ireland.
METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT BILL.
Lord PALMERSTON announoed that Sir B. Hall had
Postponed the farther proceeding cm this bill until the
Tuesday after the recess, to be thee taken at a morning
sitting.
CHURCH RATES ABOLITION BILL.
Sir W. CLAY wed that the hoses do go into oom-
mitta on this bill. proiformeo.
Sir W. HE & THCO E resisted the motion, on the ground
that it would recognise the principle that the farther pro-
gress was to be unopposed.
After some discussion,
Sir W. CLAY withdrew the motion ; and Friday, Jae
2, was appointed for the committee.
The house rose at a quarter to 2.