The Express.
London, England, 1852-08-03 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY, AO: rsT 3.

Tux American journals appear to have some
doubts whither their Minister at this Court has, or
has not, tendered his resignation. There is, how-
ever, no room for doubt on the subject ; for it has
been sonic time known on this aide the Atlantic that
Mr. I. vISRENCE terminates his mission to England
in the .ttourse of the autumn. Ilis present arrange-
ments, it is understood, will curry him home in the
first weak in October, when Mr. 11 ells will assume
charge of the United States Ministry in England.
Mr. LAWRENCE'S resignation has not, it is pretty
certain, been ',reduced by any differences of opinion
with, or any loss of confidence in him by, his own
government, but is owing solely to private and family
considerations. During his residence here, there have
not, indeed, arisen any very difficult or embarrassing
questions b. tween the two countries requiring great
diplomatic skill or abilities; and the main points of
discussion, such as they were, here been conducted not
in London, but at %Vashington. Mr. LAWRENCE'S
11111sWitS1 here has not, however, been the leas sub-
stantially useful and serviceable, because he has not
been a eery triquent visitor to Ilowning•street, or
made any great addition to the archives of
his embassy. There are other than diplomatic
duties or state benefits which an American minister
In London can perform, and those Mr. LAWRENCE
has been eminently successful in.
Mr. L ewaxxer, during his residence in London,
has entered much more largely into society than it
has been in the power of moat of his predecessors to
do. Possessed of very ample means, he has placed
the social representation of the American Republic
on • level with that of any European monarch,
even when their ministers were more bril-
liantly endowed and more socially inclined,
than they have been during the last four years; for
since February, Delft, European diplomacy in Lon-
don has, to speak the truth, been rather sulky and
recluse. And thus the greater distinction of the Ame-
rican mission in the handsel Mr. L.‘WRENCE has not
been without its use. It has disabused fashionable
life in London of many false impressions as to
American manners, habits, and refinement; and it
has; opened up to hie fellow citizens visiting
Europe social opportunities in London which
they had always before enjoyed in a much
greater degree. in Paris. From this • mutual ad-
vantage has sprung. For what both English and
Americans chiefly need is, to know each other better
and more intimately in our domestic relations. And
now that distance across the Atlantic is nearly
annihilated, and the stream of English travel and
vacation excursion has fairly set in in that direction,
in return we may hereafter hope for large additions
to our London seasons from the great cities of the
American seaboard.

To promote better acquaintance and higher esteem
and re and fur each other, one thing is especially
needful, and it is, that diplomacy and state craft do
not involve the two countnes in disputes, and jea-
lousies, and rivalries. For men's passions, and preju-
dices, and antipathies are easily excited, and respond
to the acts and pretensions of their governments—a
fact painfully illustrated by the consequences of the
Caroline controversy and the New Brunswick
boundary question. During those disputes, and
also whilst the right of visit and the Oregon
boundary were matters of difference between the two
governments, the feelings of the people of either
country were exasperated against the other; pensions
ran high; crimiaations and recriminations, and accuse-
tions of ambitious and hostile designs were freely
interchanged, until friendship seemed ruptured and
peace almost endangered. Bat those irritating ques-
tions settled and arranged, we have since gone on
with increasing sentiments of esteem and regard—
our commerce rapidly extending—our material rela-
tions more and more confirmed—our intercourse more
and more intimate—until, in the present state of
Europe, the United States have learnt a jester ap-
preciation of the English constitution and English
society, and we to regard our transatlantic brethren
as our surest allies in case of need.
For much of this improved feeling—for the
great improvement after all is in feeling—we are in-
debted to the wise and liberal policy of the late go-
vernment represented in a congenial spirit at Wash-
ington by Sir HENRY BeLwen, and there re-
ciprocated by Mr. FILLMORE and Mr. WEBSTER.
And it is not one of the least significant results of a
change of ministers here, that, whilst Lord DERBY
and his colleages are, in their desire to receive sup-
port from European despotism, willing to submit to
insult and injury, one of their very first acts across
the Atlantic involves the exasperation of the
American people and the resentment of the American
government.
Abandoning protection at home, Sir JOHN I'AKINO-
Tux and the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND are, it
seems, resolved to indulge themselves with protec-
tion on the coast of British North America. Thither
they have sent a small squadron to drive away
United States fishermen and to preserve a monopoly
of the take to the leas skilful and venturesome fishers
of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. It may possibly be
that, under the treaty of 1818, the American boatahave
no right to come within three miles of the most ex-
treme headland of those coasts. Mr. WensTER,

however, asserts they have; for the last twenty,
years they have fished far within those limits; and
so one who reeds the text of the stipulation can, we
think, feel that the right of exclusion beyond three
miles from the headlands of the interior indents of
the coast is very clearly ours. For, adopt Sir Joffe
Peetfrofoe'm view, and the Americans are substan-
tively excluded from the whole fishing; and that was
a lode, we may be pretty sure, they would not have
consented to, even so long ago as 11,118.
But, without entering into an examination of the
language of the treaty, or expressing a decided
opinion whether Sir Joffe PAKINGTHN or Mr. Wee•
versa be wrong in its interpretation, there can bs
no earthly doubt of the indiscretion of raising
this question at the resent juncture,—of risk-
ing a quarrel with the United States about a
declining fishery, and of playing into the hands
of the despots of Europe by alienating the kindly
feelings of the American people towards England.
To do this is treason against our hest interests.
The North American fisheries are declining in
importance, because civilised men are leaving off the
consumption of suit fish. The emancipation of
negro slaves in the West Indies opened up to the
free-coloured population better and more nutritious
food; under constitutional government in the Penin-
sula, the severities and austerities of the Homan
catholic church have lessened; and not even Tree-
tarianistn at home can largely increase the de-
mand for indige•Gle cod fish salted on the banks
of Newfoundland. Nevertheless the Deeee Admi•
nistration is going to try what monopoly and
bounties can do ! And in its Quixotic device to re-
gain a trade, the importance of which can never be
restored, they mean to push the language of an
obsolete treaty to extremes, and risk the rupture of a
good understanding with the United States.
Great men! Profound statesmen ! They throw
the influences of England into the scales of despotism
in Europe; they roam the hatred of the

catholic' in Ireland ; and across the Atlantic they i
exasperate and ',mite the resentment of a Itc.
public twenty millions strong. Thus gradually and
slowly, but surely and fatally, the coma queue:es of
Tor) eon in the councils thu Crown appear : and
when in October Mr. LAWI:ENC6 returns to-Wash-
ington, he will have little good to tell of England.
For by • few sentences Sir Joni PAKINOTON has
imperilled the good effects of all the American
NI Mist: es brilliant receptions.
Surely the Tories (la not wish to provoke quarrels
abroad for the sake of stopping political progress at
home ?

WE have now every promise of a most abundant
harvest. 'f hough the difficulties that farmers experi-
enced during the period of transition from a protected
to au open trade have beet much exaggerated, and
have lscn too readily attributed to the repeal of the
corn laws, there is no denying that they have had
to enc unter sonic pressure. True it that most
part of their difficulties have arisen from erroneous
calculations of their own,—such as undertaking
more land than their available mewls enabled them
to cultivate properly,—or engaging to pay too
much rent,—or submitting to burthens imposed
by their landlords, thus rendering stweesful farming
mell-nigh impossible. These things caused a fall
in prices which affected them somewhat severely.
Now, however, a turning point has been reached;
plain, broad, level, and safe, whence any farmer,
who knows how to conduct his concerns prudently,
and has them well in hand, may fairly hope to
start fur a successful journey. Various concurring
causes, besides the loss of Protection, have for
two or three years last past rendered the prices
of most kinds of agricultural produce too low
to be very remunerative, according to the actual
system of husbandry in use amongst our average
farmers. That the best farmers would soon adapt
their management even to such prices, had they
become permanent, wo have no doubt ; but
looking to the large class of farmers whose manage-
ment is far from good, it cannot be otherwise than
r satisfactory to see prices rec.°, ering fionr theircxtreme
depression. That such is the case there is much con-
current u.stimony to show. There was for a long
time a feeling amongst all the dealers and others
accustomed to make considerable purchases of agri-
cultural produce, either to resell or for the purpose
of manufacturing, that it was unsafe to operate
largely, because they could form no opinion where
the lowest point of depression in prices would bo
reached, or when the reaction would commence.

Slowly, however, and gradually that feel-
ing has subsided, and commodities have come I
in succession again to be objects of healthy
and legitimate trading speculation. And this
slow and gradual recovery in the tone of
the various markets fur agricultural products, forms
perhaps the surest guarantee that it is sound and
will be lasting. And it is curious to note how the
Protectionist Ministry find Californian: and other
reasons for this recovery, and—now allelectioneering
purposes have been served—how quietly they drop
all their lugubrious predictions of agricultural ruin.
It is worth while to trace the course and p
of this recovery. First, it occurred in wool. roCoin-
cidently wish the repeal of the cora laws our woollen
manufactures became busy and prosperous, and soon
afterwards a considerable export trade in our long
combing wools commenced, which still continues.
An eminent firm of wool brokers in Liverpool, in
their circular in the present year, told us that there
had been an improved demand for combing wools at
advanced prices ; that since the revival of confidence
in France there has been an extraordinary demand
tor wool of this description, and that holders were
very exorbitant in their demands. And in another
part of the same circular it was said that the demand
throughout the post year had been of a legiti-
emat character, free from speculation. and that
consumption has been very large. So again they
observed that the position of the wool trade
was never mom sound, and that future prospects
were highly promising. The only fear then ex-
pressed was that the colonial supplies being likely to
be short, the stocks of home wools would fall short
before the new clip, and that prices might be forced
up to a point which would render caution necessary.
Now, that was the language of the brokers and manu-
facturing consumers of wool, and though it might
indicate the necessity of caution and circumspection
to the woollen manufacturers, to the British wool
growers it spoke most hopefullj, telling of a cheerful
trade and rising prices. Since that circular was
issued, the wool trade has gone more and more
favourably to the British wool growers. There has
been none of that failure of colonial supplies that was
apprehended, and at all the recent fairs and markets
for wool, buyers are numerous, and prices satisfac-
tory. Thus recently at Aylesbury a lot of teg
wool sold for 35e. per tod, and still higher prices
were given at Thetford wool fair. The price of wool,
then, which has been better sustained fur the last
three years than that of any other portion of the
farmer's produce, is now sellin,t at most remunerat-
ing prices. From wool to mutton the transition is
natural. For more than a year past, store sheep
have been selling well, and it is matter of common
observation with farmers that their flocks have
carried them through the Free-trade transi-
tion. Recently, fat sheep have been selling
at rates which are confessedly remunera-
tive," though not high. -Here then wo find that the
breeding flock, the mutton and thi wool of the
farmer have again become to him what he was ac-
customed (and justly so) to consider them, sources of
a safe and steady direct profit. Nor is that all, for
the corn grower deems his flock his right arm, in fer-
tilising his land for grain crops; and thus while
every intelligent tanner will naturally strain every
nerve to increase his stock of sheep for the sake of
the direct profit they now afford him, he will thereby
be adopting the most certain means of increasing his
acreable produce of corn.
The magnificent appearance of all the growing
grain crops of all sorts in most parts of the country
puts to shame the still muttered complaints of the
agriculturists; and puts to shame the would-if-they •
could-be Protectionist schemes of the Derby-Disraeli
schemers.

Again, two years ago the prices of barley and pulse
were extremely low; but from that point there has
been a gradual recovery, until for some time past, as
at present, barley, beans and peas have sold for
prices of which no reasonably active grower can com-
plain. ►)ats also give a fair return to those farmers
who grow them for sale. And lastly, there has been
a movement in the two heaviest articles of the
farmer's produce, his beef and hie wheat. These
articles have been the most depressed, and the most
exposed to foreign competition. Even the melan-
choly Mark-lane Express tardily admitted an im-
provement in these particulars. The Great Christmas
Cattle Market at Smithfield, where in 1850 beef was
well nigh unsaleable, last Christmas proved quite
beyond the farmer's expectations, and from that
period no reasonable ground for complaint about
prices has existed. And the considerable improve-
ment in the prices of store and breeding cattle, which
had preceded the long looked for advance in the fat
cattle markets, still continues. And let us note the
significant fact, that the importations of Peruvian
guano for the first ten months of the year 1831
amounted to 182,893 tons against 93,004 im-
ported during the corresponding period of
18.50. This proves that farmers are making extra
exertions to increase their produce. Moreover, it is
stated that the breadth of land under wheat culture
in the midland, eastern, and northern counties, is
greater this season than ever. This is in part to be
attributed to the fine dry autumn, but more to im-
proved husbandry, and to the belief generally enter-
tained by farmers that wheat will for some time to
come sell for more money than it has of late realised.
And with such crops as their fields now carry they
may well be contest with the reasonable and natural
prier a our markets afford.

NOVEL CASE. —The law court. are likely soon to
be engaged ie the trial of • somewhat novel cue. Mr.
Griffin, an E•gliah engineer, who has been employed for
the last two or three months superintending the laying
down of the submarine telegraph between the coast of
Wigtoernshire and the opposite coast of Ireland, was in the
habit of attending the parish church of Streamer, with
some of his female friends. Mr. Simpson, the parochial
m,ni•ter, thought, however, that the conduct of this gen-
tleman during the oeriod of divine sea vice was nut quite
suited to the solemn occasion, and one day before the ser-
vice e qumenced, he referred to the subject, at the some
time warning the gentlemen that if there was a repetition
of this conduct he would consider it his duty to direct the
church officers to espel him. Mr. Griffin, as might be ex-
pected, was not a little annoyed at this public rebuke, and
he has commenced an action against Mr. Simpson in the
Court of Session for defamation. The damages are laid at
4001. Greenock Advertiser.

FRANCE.
•
eAlt/13, MONDAY Evaitiao.
The promotions, nominations, and dismissals of
councillors of state recorded in the Muniti us• yester-
day hays revived the painful sensation produced by
the confiscation of the Oltenia properly. Nulting
can better illustrate the complete subjugation ut the
Paris press than the uriversal silence concerning the
changes of which the motive is so notorious. here
we have four upright, able, conscientious men turned
out of the Comical of State, three of them without
the least compeinuition for their loss of income, utat
the fourth, M. Girucul, degraded to the insignificant
position of inspector of instruction, in which he re-
ceives less thou a fourth part of his former salary,
and all for what ? For voting according to
their conscience, and in favour of the law
on the question a competence of the tribunals,
in matters touching the Orleans domains. On the
other hand, we see promoted and enriched three
councillors of state who voted on this question in fa-
vour of the government. General Allard, M. Vuil-
lefroy and M. lioudet are made presidents of see-
tious, with an increased salary amounting to BOW
francs, while MM. Alaillard, Cornudet, and Beier-
chon, ore shorn of every sixpence of income they
possess. I pass over the conclusions suggested by
this act to the nature of the power which at present
sways the destinies of France. Ages ago sovereigns
possessed of a much wider sweep of dominion, and
who pursued their political objects with terrible and
inexorable consistence, were awed by the public
opinion of Europe, anti perhaps by something higher
and deeper' and forewent their prey. By such feel-
ings was Charles V. impelled to relieve Luther
with • safe conduct at Worms. It would be
easy to pick from the history of France'
a hundred similar instances, and still more examples
of chivalry in her rulers than of justice and upright-
ness. It was reserved for our day to witness in the
centre of civilisation u systematic persecution of con-
science and independence, made more revolting by
the recompense of servility, while not a single voice
was lifted to vindicate the principles of honour and
humanity. Meanwhile we are enabled, by thole first
dismissals of councillors of state, to form some sort of
judgement of the amount of independence that will
be left in that body by the successive processes of
exhaustion, whenever the will of the supreme power
is disputed. Well did Montalembert say that the
public would be led by degrees to compare the res-
pective titles to confidence of a body that was paid
and removable, and of a body that was elected by
the people and unsalaried by the state. But that a
former minister of Louis Philippe, distinguished
moreover by high intellectual gifts, like M. Persil,
should choose such a moment for becoming a satellite
of power, appears incredible.
The AssellibMe says on this subject :
We confine ourselves to the pub.leation of the decree
contained in this morning's 31onileur and which strikes
several councillors of state with diimissal. We will say
noth.ng, and everybody wiil understand the reasons which
command our silence. Besides, there are acts eitueli have
no need of comment to be understood and appreciated.
M. l'rnudhon has been making efforts to remove
the interdiction of the Minister of Police against the
publication of his new work. Ile first called upon
Nus, an officer in the ministry of police, whose
province it is to investigate such matters. M. Nus
told him that the minister was resolved not to allow
a work to appear in which the Prince !'resident was
compared to antichrist, and the clergy attacked with
extreme audacity. l'roudhon then wrote to Louis
Napoleon himself, but, finding no one at the Elyse.°
who would deliver his letter, he was compelled to
confide it to the post-office. The postscript of the
letter is to this effect:

Your police, M. le Presideat, is so well done that I have
not been able to accompany this letter with a copy of the
work which I announce to you. My publi.her, of whom 1
asked a copy fur you answered that the prohitnt.on was so
absolute as to adroit of no exception. If, however, you
should desire to read my book, perhaps the minishr of
police will allow a copy to be sent you.
Proudhon states that in this book ho has
thoroughly examined tho situation of the govern-
ment, and of all political parties. None of these
parties know why they exist, whence they come, or
whither they go. Ile informs them. He is rather
severe upon all, but the truths which he does not
spare may be useful. lie tells tho vanquished why
they fell, and how they may recover themselves. He
explains to the conquerors the reasons of their suc-
cess, and points out the course which will lead to
their ruin. He is not more indulgent to the l're-
sident than to the rod. That the l'rince has done
some good things he admits. Throughout he calls u
spade a spade. Authors do not know whether they
are free to express their thoughts or not, and he
has determined to ascertain the fact. On its being
remarked that the expenment might lead to his
exile or to his being again imprisoned, he replied that
he knew that, and was ready. I understand that if
M. l'roudhon cannorobtain the revocation of the in-
junction against this book, he has determined to go
abroad and publish it elsewhere. Since wilting the
above, I have heard that M. Proudhon's appeal to
Louis Napoleon on behalf of his book has been suc-
cessful, and that the President has himself ordered
the removal of the injunction which restrained its
publication. It is said that it will appear to-
morrow. _

Some of the prefects will soon find themselves in
en embarassing position, owing to their en to
I issue " warnings " against newspapers. eltil have
but two of these bolts, which, regardless oft e pro
verb, they shoot away with such heedless prodigality.
The two warnings given, they must either shut their
eyes to subsequent offence*, or resort to the extreme
measure of suppressing the newspaper. But it re-
mains to bo seen whether the central government
could, with any show of decency, countenance the
destruction of valuable property upon the trivial
grounds which stimulate the -local authorities to
action. A journal of the Dordogne lately con-
tained some stiicturee upon the late M.
Dupont, who was killed in a duel, which
called forth a letter from M. Paul Dupont, a
member of the Corps Legialatif, in defence of his
brother's memory. This letter, published in the
Echo de Vesone, quoted some old correspondence be-
tween M. P. Dupont and M. Calormont, now prefect
of the Dordogne. The publication produced a warn-
ing to the journal, upon the ground that it mixed up
the name of the prefect in a newspaper quarrel, by
means of shreds of correspondence of old date, the
which was a complete forgetfulness of propriety,such
as it became the duty of the authorities to notice and
blame. Even the Pays protests against this, as a
novel interpretation of the law upon the press. The
Courrier de Verdun has received a warning from the
prefect of the Meuse, for printing a letter addressed
to the sub•prefect, without having obtained his per-
mission.

A small number of republicans lately held an elec-
toral meeting at Neubourg (Euro). Ile chair was
taken by M. Dupont (do l'Eure). It was resolved
that the old democratic members of the council-
general should come forward again, and that, if re-
elected, they should take the " required oath." In
order to appreciate the import of this resolution, it is
necessary to bear in mind that the political oath, as
understood by many Frenchmen, is a very trifling
matter. They consider it, at beet, as binding only
so long as convenient. It is a promise from which
they can at any time release their consciences, by
dropping a note of retractation into the wet-office.
The " withdrawal" of an oath is no new practice,
but ono for which many precedents are to bo found
in the history of the first revolution.
The electioneering news consists chiefly of fresh
instances of the activity of the prefects. M. Lan-
cosme-lieves, mayor of the commune of Vendceuvies
(Indre), her been suspended from his functions by
the prefect of the department, for announcing in two
circulars, which had been made public, that he was
the candidate of the government to the council-
general of the canton of Bunnell* a state-
ment which was calculated to lessen the con-
fidence duo to official publications. Baron de
Bry, the prefect of the Coto d'Or, protests
against certain manoeuvres on the part of men
who, forgetful of the clemency extended to them,
after Dec. 2, dare to come forward as opposition
candidates. The prefect of the Indre and Loire 501)-
1 ports the government candidates by reminding the
elector* that the organic decree of Feb. 2, 1852,1
punishes with fine and imprisonment all persons who
by the aid of false news, calumnious reports, or other
fraudulent manceuvres, shall obtain votes by surprise,
or induce electors to abstain from voting. The pre-1
feet of the Haute Vienne, with unanswerable logic,
calls upon the constituency to vote for the candidates
recommended by him, because he is their natural
guide, who will only recommend persons worthy of
their choice. The Charentais of Angoulhie inserts