The Press.
London, England, 1854-02-11 00:00:00

MR. CAMPBELL AT CAMBRIDGE.

A BIEETINO was held at Cambridge on Saturday, at
which the Hon. W. F. Campbell attended, to make a
statement of his political opinions. The chief topic
of his address was representative reform. Of this
subject Mr. Campbell remarked that it was more im-
portant to us than the parliamentary oaths, or even
the question of peace or war. He added :
" The first point on which each man ought to convince
himself was how far the Government as now constituted
were entitled to implicit confidence on this class of gum
lions. If he ventured to deny that the present Ministers
deserved on these points to be implicitly confided in he
should state the reasons of his doubts with calmness and
brevity. The Government was made up—and this was
an advantage, perhaps, on other themes—of Whigs, of
Radicals, and Tories. It blended the ideas by which the
Reform Act was designed, the ideas by which the
Reform Act was opposed, and the ideas by which it had
afterwards bent endangered. Whichever order of ideas
was sound, the three were quite irreconcilable. The public
interest must naturally be forgotten in the effort to form a
compromise between such adverse creeds and adverse as-

SATURDAY,

pirations. But this was not all. In the middle of the
last session a bill was solemnly advanced for the disfran-
chisement of voters in the dockyards; in a few weeks or
days it was withdrawn without an effurt to defend its birth
or its extinction. A Government which introduced or-
ganic change, and was not ready to adhere to it, repudiated
confidence on subjects of this kind. The confusion which
occurred at the commencement of 1852 arose out of the
circumstance that the Government of that day had pledged
themselves almost a year before to introduce organic
change at that stated time, and when the stated time was
such as to stultify the measure a balance had to be resolved
between the safety of the public and the honour of the
minister. But still, in 1853, the same course had been re-
peated, and it curiously happened a similar result had been
produced. As far as the world had been enlightened by
authority on this interesting subject, the disposition of the
Government was to undermine the principle on which the
power of majorities was founded, to make a general dis-
franchisement of boroughs in which no corruption had
been demonstrated, retaining those in which it partially
existed, and to annihilate the barrier by which the towns
and counties were still kept distinct. On these grounds
alone he felt hesitation in surrendering a blind and im-
plicit confidence to Government, as now constituted, on
topics of reform. But all these grounds were insignificant
with the one he had not touched and should not venture
to enlarge on. The mind which openly asserted its as•
cendancy on this theme, as the mind by which it would be
governed, had allowed the world two years ago to take a
measure of its aptitude in the famous bill of 1852, which
he believed was not erased from the public recollection.
As there was not the slightest reason to assume that the
bill of 1851 bad lost the admiration of its author it was
useless to conceal the disadvantage of the moment, how.
ever hopeless to redress it. l f anything approaching the
recent project was renewed, the followers of Sir Robert
Peel, as things then stood, were not in a condition to repel
it. Lord Palmerston himself was not in a condition to
repel it. And yet these were the very men by whose
sagacity and patriotism, in 1852, the country had been
rescued. The task of vindicating truth, if truth a second
time was to be outraged—the task of guarding Britain, if
Britain was a second time assailed by the capricious march
of things—appeared to fall on Mr. Disraeh. He should
not venture an opinion, one way or the other, on his
capacity to meet it. Whether Mr. Disraeli would be found
a firm and a reforming guardian of our system, time only
could determine ; but if he was not so found the conse-
quence would be deplorable and novel. The Reform Act
woultl be then compelled to look upon the Czar as a pro.
tector. The crash of empires must be heard that that of bc-
, roughs might be silenced, and Europe gleam with arms to
rescue counties from venality In this unnatural position
L we had to find deliverance in danger, a preserver in a foe,
L a shield in an attack, a constitution in an autocrat."

FEBRUARY 11, 1854.

Butler, and the former during the election had
knowledge of corrupt practiles being committed on
his behalf, while the latter agreed before the election
to pay a large sum under circumstances which ought
to have led him to
actices. inquire whether
The cost it would
the
three elections was nearly 27,0001. to the candidates
—nearly 9,000/. for each. The cost of the last elec-
tion was 9,2261.; of which there was paid for cabs
quj.; colours, 3001. ; to printers, 1,096/. ; legal
agents, 2,006/. ; while the money expended directly
on the voters amounted to 3,5431., 3,00')/. being paid
as for wages to runners.

THE LATE RUS IAN AMBASSADOR.
murex BRUXOW is a verY tlervafft the Rnsian Court,
e than thirty years of his life having-been spent in di-
plomatic employments under the present. Emperor slid hill,
predecessor. His excellency is a German by birth, and lilt'
connection with Russia was originally formed at the period'
of the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818. He was sub-
sequently for ten years attached to the Foreign-office at St.
Petersburg, as conseiller, and at the expiration of that
period was appointed minister at the Grand Ducal Court of
Darmstadt ; but a more extensive sphere for the exercise of
his great abilities presented itself after the lapse of a few
years. In the month of August, 1830, Baron Brunow ar
rived iu London on a special mission relative to the contest
which was then raging between the Sultan and his Egyp-
tian subjects. His talents were fully appreciated by the
Russian minister of the day ; and Lord Clanricarde, who
was at the time the representative of Great Britain at St.
Petersburg, writing to announce his mission, added that
Count Nesselrode had not hesitated to say that, " unless
he were himself to proceed to London, it would not be
possible for the Emperor to send thither any person more
thoroughly acquainted with the foreign affairs and policy
o! Russia." When the purposes of his mission were ter-
m nated, Baron Brunow was despatched to Stu ttgardt as
the imperial representative at the Court of Wide ntherg ;
but in the course of a few weeks it was found expedient to
establish him permanently as Russian Ambassador in Lon-
don, where for more than fourteen years he has discharged
the duties of hie high position. Five different Administra-
tions have, during that period, guided the councils of the
country ; and the statesmen of every party, while they have
respected Baron Brunow as a faithful and able servant of
his Sovereign, have also felt. it a pleasure and an honour to
enjoy his friendship With the late Duke of Wellington his
excellency was for many years on terms of close intimacy,
and he was a guest at Walmer only ten days before the
death of the great captain.
His residence in this country is intimately connected
with the history of European diplomacy. In 1840 and
1841 Baron Brunow signed, with Viscount Palmerston,
veaties relative to the affairs of the East ; in the following
year he signed, with the Earl of Aberdeen, a treaty for the
suppression of the. African slave trade ; and in 1852 he
signed, with Lord Malmesbnty, a treaty of succession to
the crown of Denmark; and iu the same year a treaty of
succession to the crown of Greece.
Perhaps the highest compliment ever paid by a minister
to a diplomatist was made to Baron Brunow by the late Sir
R. Peel, on the occasion of the Russian Company's dinner,
March 2, 1844. Sir Robert, in alluding to the pacific rela-
tions then happily existing berween the two countries,
spoke of Baron Brunow as having used great exertions to
promote a good understanding between England and Russia,
and gave his opinion that the baron was above all petty
acts of intrigue, but, while watching over the interests of
his own country, had so behaved himself as to gain the
confidence of every Ministry with whom he had transacted
business in England.
Almost all the members of the Imperial Family have
visited England during Baron Brunow's residence in our
capital. The Grand Duke Michael, brother of the reigning
Emperor, paid a visit in 1844, and the Emperor himself
arrived in the course of the next year. The Grand Duke
Constantine stayed for a time in 1840 ; and in the course of
the past summer both the daughters of the Czar and his
niece, the Grand Duchess Catherine, have been our
guests. The urbanity of the Russian representative, and
his thorough familiarity with English life, may probably
have conduced in no small degree to create those favour-
able impressions with which, as is well known, these im-
perial visitors have left the British shores.
The hospitalities of Ashburnham-house have at all times
been distinguished among those which the London season
annually brings with it. On many accounts indeed the
departure of Baron Brunow will occasion a noticeable void
in the high circles of London society. Nor will he be less
missed on many of those occasions which bring together
the patrons and the professors of science and art.

EXPLORATION OE AUSTRALIA.
A DEPUTATION, consisting of Messrs. Moffatt, M.P.,
Uregson, M.P., Mr. W. J. Lindsay, and other gen-
tlemen interested in Australian enterprise, attended
on the Colonial Secretary on Saturday for the pur-
pose of stating their views respecting the conduct of
the proposed Government expedition of discovery
into. the interior of Australia. Mr. Lindsay was the
chief speaker, and insisted on the necessity of en-
larging the sums provided for the cost of the expedi-
tion. Government had granted 3,5001., which he
thought would be thrown away, if 2,0001. more were
not added, and offered to get the balance raised in
the City, where a committee was already formed for
collecting subscriptions. The deputation also im-
pressed upon his grace the expediency of employing
111 r. Haug upon the proposed service :
The Duke of Newcastle expressed his regretthat he hall
not yetreceived an answer from Captain Stokes, to whom Go-

THE PRESS.

vernment intended to entrust the conduct of the expedition.
With respect to the expense, the proposal had originated
with the Geographical Society, which body had last year
expressed their opinion that 2,3uni. would be sufficient.
Subsequently, however, they had seen reason to alter that
opinion, and to conclude that to carry on an expedition
worthy of a nation 3,500/. would be necessary. He be.
lieved that if they had applied the Treasury would have
consented to give that sum. But it had occurred to him
that the Government should take the matter into their own
hands, on such a scale as should give fair prospect of
opening up the internal resources of the country. He had
communicated his view to the Geographical Society, and
it had received their cordial assent. The course he pro-
posed to take was this. Having selected the individual
who was to conduct the expedition, to call on him to lay
before Government a complete plan including all details,
and submit a list of the assistants he should require. It
would then be for the Government to decide whether the
expedition should start at once, with recommendations to
' the colonial governors; or whether, looking at the period
of the year, it would be better to postpone the expedition,
oommunicating with the governors in the meantime.
However, all that he wished to leave undecided until he
received the general report to which he had alluded.
With regard to Mr. Haug, he assured the committee that
there was no disposition to pass over the claims of that
gentleman, or to deprive him of that fair share in the
undertaking to which he (the Duke of Newcastle) thought
him fully entitled. When the expedition under Captain
Stokes was organised, Mr. Haug should have a position in
it which would fairly meet his merit."

TELEGRAPHS IN EUROPE AND AFRICA.
THE past few months have added enormously to the
facilities for telegraphic intercourse on the continent
of Europe, and extended far more widely than before
the area embraced in its network of communication.
Africa
will speedily share iu the same advantages,
and we can already foresee the time when India will
inherit her fair proportion. At the present moment
the French Government has extended its lines to
Marseilles for the Mediterranean, to Bayonne for
Spain, and to Chambery for Sardinia. Sardinia
takes up the communication at Chambery, and con-
tinues it to Genoa, and from G..noa lines are now
erecting to Spezzia. At Spezzia the Mediterranean
cable will take up the link and extend it under the
sea to Corsica ; across Corsica, under the Straits of
Bonifacio, over to the island of Sardinia, and again
under the sea from Cape Suelada to Cape Roses in
Africa. By a decree bearing date the 15th ult. the
French Government threw open its African wires to
the public. Thus far for actualities. In the imme-
diate future we find that the Sardinian Government
has promised to complete the line from Genoa to
Spezzia before May next, and thus to connect in
one chain the northernmost point of Scotland with
the southernmost point of Piedmont. The Medi
terranean Telegraph Company have already adver-
tised for tenders to lay down their cable from
Spezzia, to Corsica, and from Corsica to Sardinia,
across the Straits of Bonifacio, and the vessels were
to be ready to receive the cable, consisting of
eighteen iron and copper wires, on or before the Ist
of May next. The remaining portion of cable from
Cape Suelada to Cape Roses was to be finished and
laid down by August, thus completing the connec-
tion with Africa this year. Two hundred men have
been at work in Corsica and Sardinia since the
beginning of September. 1853, so that the moment
the submarine cables are laid down they may be
connected to the land wires, and signals passed from
Africa to the European continent. Operations com-
pleted, traced to Africa, and the wires connected to
the Algerian lines of the French Government, signals
will be passed to the westernmost and easternmost
points of the Algerian territory. Having reached
thus far, new wires are projected beyond these
points, and with very important objects. The French
Government providing for Algeria, the telegraph
company commences again. From the westernmost
point of Algeria it is proposed to carry an under.
ground line through Morocco and Tangiers to
Gibraltar. The English Government would doubt-
less support such a line. From the easternmost
point of Algeria a subterranean telegraph is pro-
jected through Tunis and Tripoli to Alexandria,
with a branch to Cairo and Suez, the main line to
continue to Beyrout, Damascus, Aleppo, Bagdad,
Bussora, and along the Persian Gulf, joining the
Indian line at Hyderabad. A submarine cable is
also proposed from Tunis to Malta.

THE number of banks and banking associations in the
state of New York is three hundred and twenty-four. There
were forty-eight new institutions established last year, and
eighty-two since December, 1851, showing an increase of
one third within two years. The additional capital created
last year was 14,484,859 dole., swelling the sum invested in
banking to 76,692,075 dole. This extraordinary increase
is far beyond the proportionate growth of the business of
the country, and occurs at a time when the importations of
gold from California and other sources meet a portion of
the demand for a circulating medium. A great number of
new banks have recently been created in the other states of
the Union. This extraordinary expansion of the currency
in the United States indicates a highly speculative condi-
tion of financial affairs, which, unless checked in due sea-
-1 son, will terminate in disastrous revulsion'.


131

rtlanb'.

GENERAL BLAKENEY, Commander of the Forces in
Ireland, addressed on Monday an oftLial letter to
the Lord Mayor of Dublin fur permission to send
recruiting partiek, with file and drum, through the
streets of the city. His lordship, who is nominal
commander of the Dublin garrison, of course gave his
consent.
Dn. GRAY, speaking through the Freeman's
Journal, on the subject of Mr. Butt's motion re-
specting the " trafficking in Government places,"
says :—" What form Mr. Butt's motion may take we
know not, nor, indeed, do we care. So far as Dr. Gray
is concerned, be has no objection to any course that
may be taken, provided only that corruption be put
an end to as the result. He scrupulously avoided
mentioning names, and will oontinue to do so, unless
forced at the bar of the house to adopt a course
which would be as irksome to him as it would be
disagreeable to others."
SEVERAL CASKS OF Rum, which formed part of the
cargo of the ship Scotland, stranded some time since
on the North Bull, having been washed ashore, a
portion of the contents were eagerly appropriated by
a number of thirsty individuals, of whom two, named
Patrick and John Reilly, indulged to such excess
that they died.
HERR SOMMERS gave a monster concert in the
Great Exhibition building in Dublin on Monday
evening, which is stated to Lave been a complete
triumph, both as regarded the attendance and the
musical arrangements. The numbers present, it i 3
estimated, ranged between 14,000 and 15,000 per-
sons, and comprised all grades and classes of
Dublin society. The concert was honoured by the
presence of the Lord Lieutenant and the Countess of
St. Germans.
THE VERY REV. Dn. NEwiast has arrived in
Dublin. It is understood that the object of his visit
is to take immediate steps for organistug the Cullen
University.
A RECRUITING PARTY WhiCh visited the workhouse
of the North Dublin Union were only able to find
two paupers who appeared at all fit for nuntary ser-
vice ; and even one of them was sent bask after ex-
amination as unsuitable.

6itttion "4nittligtuct.

THE OL}ORO UNIVERSITY ELECTION took place on Tues•
day, when a Convocation was held for the purpose of
nominating a successor to Sir R. H. Inglis. net e being
but one candidate, Sir W. Heathoote, he was declared at
once duly elected. The proceedings were exceedingly
brief. Sir W. Heathcote took his seat iu the House on
Wednesday.
IN SOUTH SHROPSHIRE Mr. R. Clire was on Wednesday
returned, without opposition, as member to bumfy the
vacancy occasioned by the death of the lion. R. H. t. live.
IN SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE the nomination took place on
Wednesday, Lord Paget and Lord Ingestie being the can-
didates. The former noble lord is a Ministerialteit. Lord
Ingestre avowed himself " a Freetrader on conviction,"
and a supporter of religious toleration. He was also a
stanch admirer of the Church of England and an advocate
of universal education, " but an education not without the
Bible. He was of opinion that no s)attrn of education
was worthy of support unless that book was rendered on
ingredient in the system of education pursued in the
schools." The polling will be taken to-day (Satuaday ),
and the result officially declared on Monday next.
THE VACANCY AT LUDLOW, which Mr. R. Clive had pre-
viously represented, was filled up on the pieviuus day by
the Election of the Hon. Colonel Percy k.gerton
brother to the Earl of Powis.
Tun WEST SUSSES ELECTION is fixed for Monday neat,
the 13th. Mr. Wyndham is the only candidate who has
issued an address.
Tun Sours Decor; ELECTION will commence on Tues.
day. Here a sharp contest is anticipated between Sir
Stafford Northeote and Mr. J. Palk Placards have ap•
peared calling on the Radicals to reserve their votes fur a
ballot candidate.
LOUTH ELECTION is fixed for Monday, the 20th inst.
Mr. C. Formene, the new Lord of the Treasury, will be
vigorously opposed by the priests' candidate, Mr. Cant-
well.
ONE 07 THE MEMBERS FOR WINDSOR, Lord Charles
Wellesley, has intimated an intention of resigning his seat
ou account of ill-health. Mr. A. Vansittart is spoken of as
the probable Conservative candidate to supply the vacancy.
The Liberals talk of inviting Mr. S. Ricardo, who was
defeated at the last general election, to stand again for the

THE GOVERNMENTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND OF THE
ROMAN STATES have exchanged " declarations" securing
national treatment to the vessels and commerce of each
country in the ports of the other. The arrangement is to
be in force for seven years, and afterwards until after twehe
months' notice on one or other side.
Fottowtao the example set at Rome, the principal re•
ligious house in France are about to celebrate the beatiti•
cation of the Polish martyr Bobola. It is expected that
many exciting discourses will be delivered recounting
various persecutions of Catholic Christians by the Russian
schismatics.

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