The Express.
London, England, 1855-07-11 00:00:00

OUR ARMY IN THE CRIMEA.

(FROM 017 R OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
CAMP ABOVE SEBASTOPOL, Jun 30.
The illness of Field Marshal Lord Raglan has been
the subject which has principally occupied the
thoughts of the army during the last few days.
The sad event of his decease, which took pica on
the evening of the 28th instant, his thrown all
other occurrences in the shade. It made, perhaps,
the deeper impression from following so shortly
after the death of the Adjutant-General, Major-
Geared Estcourt, and from being associated with
the fact of the illness of the second in command,
Sir George Brown, and the absence of so many
of the general officers from the same cause. It
has often been a matter of surprise that Lord
Raglan preserved his health so well as he did. For a
long time he passed so many hours of each day at the
desk, scarcely ever taking exercise in the open air,
and denying himself the ordinary proportionate
amount of sleep, that it was feared his constitution
would break under the effort. He remained in good
health, however, while that of so many others around
him failed. For several months past he has taken
almost daily exercise on horseback, and the opportn-
aides have been frequent of observing how favour-
able an aspect the commander-in-chief still wore.
The opinion holds ground very generally
.that the
ill-success of the combined attack against the
enemy's works on the 18th of June was one of the
causes which led to the illness under which Lord
Raglan sank. The character of Lord Raglan as a
essimander and strategist cannot be duly estimated
yet. Even his amount of responsibility in the recent
unfavourable assault is estimated very differently in
various quarters; and in this, as in so many other oc-
earrences in the course of the campaign, how much
of the event has been owing to "divided authority"
is now known little more than by rumour and sur-
mise. History alone can unravel the true nature and
relations of these matters. As to the qualities of
Lord Raglan in private and social life, one expression
of feeling alone exists: he was amiable and kind-
hearted almost to a fault, and his bearing and
manners afforded a perfect specimen of the English
gentleman.
Some of the leading events of the last five days
are noted in the following diary :
June 27.—The state of health of Field-Marshal
Lord Raglan is becoming the source of mach anxiety.
It has been generally known in camp for some days
past that the Commander-in-Chief was incapacitated
from performing his arduous duties by an attack of
illness, but it was reported that none of the symptoms
were of a serious character. It is reported to-day
that although the disease, which has been diarrhoea,

without any symptoms of cholera, is in a great
degree subdued, still there is so much general weak-
ness as necessarily in a person of Lord Raglan's age
to cause serious alarm. The death of Major-General
Estoourt is said to have affected him very deeply, and
to have added to the previously existing physical de-
=le. Deputy Inspector• General Dr. Alexander
n sent for to meet the other physicians in
consultation. Dr. Prendergast, a physician of con-
siderable reputation is the army, is the medical
attendant in ordinary or the Field-Marshal.
Colonel Steele, the military secretary, has been
suffering from an attack of cholera, bat is now con-
valescent. Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown
still remains on board the Royal Albert at Hasatch
Bay, and, it is said, is not regaining strength so fast,
as was hoped. The chief of the staff, Lieutenant-
General Simpson, being next in seniority, is perform-
ing the duties of the command-in-chief during the
illness of Lord Raglan.
Our allies have greatly added to the extent of
the trenches on the right of the Mamelon. There is
now a perfect labyrinth of covered ways and ap-
proaches on this side. They have carried them for-
ward considerably in advance of the old Rus-
sian approach which was made to connect the
Kamptschatka redoubt on the one side with
the Selenghicsk redoubt on the other side
of the Careening Bay ravine. This approach
was carried nearly in a straight line down the
Mamelon bill, across the comparatively fiat ground
between it and the Careening Bay ravine, across the
ravine itself, and up the steep ascent to the redoubt on
Mount Sapone. The French have established another
parallel beyond this, so tar as regards the ground on
the west side of the ravine, and have thus gained a
considerable advance on that side towards the Careen-
ing port and the great roadstead. In the mat for-
ward part of this advanced parallel, a powerful
battery, spoken of as the Marine Battery, has been
constructed. The guns of this work control,
in a great degree, the position formerly occu-
pied by. the vessels near Careening Bay, and
would, to all probability, prevent a recurrence
of the fire which the ships were previously able
to direct against our allies in their movements on the
right flank of the Mamelon Vert, and which told
sith fatal effect as their columns advanced on that
side in the attack against the Malakhoff works.
Our allies are also very actively employed in the
works on the east side of the Careening ravine.
'Large working parties are nightly engaged in
changing the aspect of the batteries, and adding to
the armament in the redoubt nearest to the ravine,
which, when in the possession of the enemy, was
called the Selenghinsk Redoubt. In the daytime the
troops contrive to strengthen the parapets thrown up
at night. In the second redoubt, that a little further
to the east and more in advance, working parties
are also employed. The Russians called this
the Volbynia Redoubt : the French have named
it "La Redoubt. Noire," from the dark

mould of which the parapetsare formed, and in contra-
distinction to the former, "La Redoubts Blanche,"
which appears conspicuously white from the debris
of the limestone rock of which its faoe chiefly (mo-
nists. It is said that two moister 21-inch mortars
have arrived for oar allies, each requiring a fabulous
amount of powder to project a shell so enormously
heavy that it has to be lifted into the gun by a
mechanical contrivance, and that these mortars are
to be brought up to Mount Bapone, to be used against
the large ships in the roadstead. No guns have been
plead in the small 5-gun battery placed across the
ridge near the extremity of the spur over the Careen-
ing port. On the projecting point of cliff, almost im-
mediately opposite, on the north side of the roadstead,
just where what is sometimes called the Bay of Joker-
mann commences, is one of the enemy's batteries,
which has been greatly strengthened of late. The
battery is in a line with the cliff, and close to its
verge. This work now mounts twelve guns of heavy
calibre. Their line of fire is directed againat the works
on Mount Sigma. The cliff on which the 12• gun
battery is placed has considerably the advantage in
elevation over the extreme spur to the east of Careen-
tug Port, the nearest point under its fire, and the small
b-gun work, though it could be employed by the Bos-
sism% is not available therefore for French artillery
ofslt is, however, occupied by a small body
harpshooters. A frequent tire is kept up by the
guns of the 12-gun battery before named against the
French working parties in the Mount Ripon.
redoubts.
The large advanced battery in our right attack,
destined to act against the shipping, has made great
=; and a second battery, with the same object,
commenced in another part of the works.
The Russian line-of-battle ships and other vesrels
are still moored in that part of the roadstead which
is enclosed between a line drawn nearly northwards
from the west side of the mouth harbour, and another
imaginary line commencing half way between Fort
Paul and Careening Bay, and finishing on the oppo-
site side, in Hollandia Bay. The limit on the west
side of the south harbour is not an imaginary one,
however ; it is formed by the line of sunken Teasels,
or whatevertci nimaybebreorthe nat
Fort ure of tl
las tioe obstr
wards tiation,
strever-
Dais. The ships would have to force through this
obstreotiou to get into Artillery Bay. The two 3•
lookers and the 2•deckers are still moored broadside
ea to the Karabelnaia, and retain a threatening
attitude against the Roden and Malakhoff works.
The vessels of less pretension are chiefly congregated
on the matt ids of the roadstead.
A &et distance northward of the Roden 12-gun
batter/ of which mention has been made above, and
slat ilk of a gentle slope, is one of the Russian
boo*. row& It oven a wide extant of gram&
There- is a Ibis el tents on the father side.and
several molt frequented roads paw as k. The
great! kof the ts, bower
be vo , wiraviblog what
o rompaso tol
to ut ombolosoo far
aid wombat is la a highs oloutio.

and extends , more in an easterly direction.
Daring 'the LA few dye four or five
very large mounds of earth have been raised at oar
end of this burying ground. The chief part of the
ground appears to IN oovered by graves of ordinary
gre, above which is a perfect thicket of small black
and white arouses, and among them a few monu-
ments of larger size and more imposing appearance.
It has been suggested that the large mounds alluded
to have been thrown up from some deep and swim's
excavations made u receptacles of the dead, with a
I view perhaps of obviating or limiting the further ex-
, tension of the graves upon the surface. The mounds.
although consisting of dark mould, are very conspi-
°nous from their size.

Some heavy 13-inch shells have been thrown from
me of the mortar batteries on our left attack into the

centre of the town. The clouds of smoke -cawed by
their explosion have been observed to rise chiefly
in the neighbourhood of the building, which, from
its fine portico and row of columns lacing our posi-'
tion, as well as its prominent site, forms one of the
moat striking features in our view of the town. The
hulloing itself, which has been variously designated
by some as the Club-house, by others (although with-
out spire or belfry) as a church, hitherto has escaped
uninjured. The palatial dwelling house, supposed to
be the governor's residence, and by the side of which
a flag not unlike our union jack is constantly flying,
also remains intact.

Although the temperature has been very mush
lower, the thermometer not having indicated a
higher degree in the shade than 70 F. during the last
two or three days, cholera has perceptibly increased,
as well as its ordinary secoompaniments of dyspepsia
and diseases of the bowels. Ensign Fitzpatrick, of
the 30th Regiment, died yesterday, after a short
attack of this disease. This officer had served inde-

fatigably during the winter as a volunteer, and had
only a short time received his commission. The cases
in the field-hospitals are said to be, with few excep-
tions, of a comparatively mild and manageable cha-
racter; and although the disease has become very
widely diffused, both in the camps in front as well
as in those in rear and on the plain, still nowhere has
it assumed the alarming features of a serious out-
break. Perhaps the variable temperature, and other
conditions of the atmosphere, may have induced the
spread of these diseases. The long continued drought
has been succeeded at last by rain. This morning it
fell heavily, and showers have occurred at intervals
during the afternoon. Heavy, dark clouds have been
resting upon the mountains, and far off the usual in-
dications of thunder-storms were noticed.

The tire in the batteries has been slack all day.
The popping of musketry, which ceased for a short
time after the Mameton redoubt was captured, is now
again heard, especially at night, in the advanced
trenches.

The following general order was published to-day :
,s In consequence of the death of Major-General
Eatcourt, adjutant-general of the army, which me-
lancholy event took place on the 24th instant, the ,
duties of the adjutant-general's department will be
carried on by Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. W. Pa-
kenham. _ A.A.G., until further orders."

June 28.—The reply made to inquiries is, that
Lord Raglan has passed .a quiet night, and is better
this morning. He rematns, however, in every weak
state.

There was very heavy rain during the night, and
the morning conunnes overcast and clouded. Showers
fall frequently.
The Russians threw some light-balls last night
from the Redan, and discovered a spot where our
working parties had been busily employed. For-
tunately the men bad just ceased from working, and
had retired under the protection of the parapet
The enemy, evidently under the Impression that the,
new wort would afford very little cover, threw some
heavy discharges of grape and shell in its direction,
but without causing any casualties.
No further attempt has been made at sapping up,
towards the Redan. The flanking fire of the enemy's
works, and the stony nature of the remaining part
of the Redan-hill, prevent such an operation, which
must of necessity be very slow and laborious, from
being undertaken at present. The advanced trench
of the Quarry-work has been extended on the left
down the slope of the hill toward the left ravine, so as
to guard against any sudden attack of the enemy
against the work on this side. On the right, the
trenches taken from the Russians, am well as our own
approaches, sufficiently protect it against any such an

attempt. _ _ _ -
News has been received in the camp that Omer
Pacha has returned with his troops from the recon-
naivance toward Mackenzie's farm, as well as the
Sardinians, and that the enemy was found to be
strongly entrenched, and his position defended on all
sides by powerful batteries. The part of the 10th
, Hussars which accompanied the expedition has also
rejoined their head quarters. Capt. Charles Bowles,
who commanded a troop, fell a victim to cholera
during this brief absence of the regiment.
Notwithstanding the favourable replies respecting
the state of Lord Raglan's health this morning, in the
course of the afternoon it was whispered in camp that
the Field-Marshal was in a very precarious state. At a
still later hour of the evening it was said that all hops
of recovery was abandoned, anct between nine and ten
o'clock at night the intelligence of his lamented de-
cease was quickly dispersed among the various
camps. It appears that towards noon a very unfa-
vourable change took place, the debility increased in
a marked manner, and there was a fainting fit in the
afternoon, and from this time his lordship gradually
sank until he expired about nine o'clock. He re-
tained hie faculties and self-possession until a short
period prior to his decease. As may be imagined,
this important event has absorbed all other thoughts;
it has not yet left room for the discussion even of its
probable influence on the great enterprise in which
the army is engaged, over which the late Commander
of the Forces presided.
The unsuccessful attack of the 18th of June, which
there is little doubt was one of the reinote,ifnot one

of the chief, causes which led to the &nil illness of
Lord Raglan, was referred to in the general orders
of this day's date in the following terns:

ORNIZILL OP.DIB.

Head Quarters before Sebastopol, June 28.
The Field-Marshal has the satisfaction of publishing to
the army the following extract of a telegraphic deapatch '
from Lord Panmure, dated the 22nd et June :
I have her Majesty's commands to uprose her grief
that so much bravery should not have been rewarded with
merited success ; and to Amman her brave troop, that her
Majesty's confidence in them is entire."
June 29. The great event of last evening was an-
nounced at an early hour this morning to the army
generally, in the following terms :
MORNING OZNZRAL GRIMM.
Head Quarters before Sobsstopol, 29th June.
1. It becomes my painful duty to announce to the army
the decease of It. beloved commander, Field Marshal Lord
Raglan, G.C.8., which melancholy event took place last
night about nine o'clock.
2. In the absence of Lieut.-General Sir George Brown,
the command of the forces devolves on me, being the neat
senior officer present, until further orders from Ragland.
3. Generals of division and heads of departments will he
pleased to conduct the respective duties as heretofore.
(Signed) lame Burrow!, Lieutenant-General.
Sir George Brown leaves the Crimea for a time on
account of ill health ; but it is reported that he will
not probably prolong his absence longer than is
necessary for a voyage to Malta. Although still
weak, it is hoped that the benefit of the sea air will
shortly recruit his strength, and it is not probable
that one so interested in the moons of the campaign
as the Lieutenant-General would omit to seize the
first opportunity. of restored health to return to the
scene of operations. Major-General Codrington is
also on board ship, but is reported to have improved
so much in health, that he will not require to leave.
The number of general officers doing duty in the
field at present is limited indeed. The Light Divi-
sion and Second Division are without any (general
officer, and the First, Third, and Fourth Divisions
can only muster five general officers of all reeks
among them.
The 13th, Prince Albert's Regiment of Light In-
fantry, arrived to-day from Gibraltar.
Among the casualties in the trenches last night
Lieutenant Charles Cubitt, of the 62nd Regiment,
received a severe wound in the body from a rifle ball.
The ball had previously. passed through the arm of a
soldier of the 90th Regiment.
There has been more firing from the Malakhoff and
I Roden batteries to-day than for many days pest.
The Cossack batteries on the north side have also
keptian active fire against the French works on
the t. Thom has bees very little movement on
at falseveli. The Milepretut

---..
'remains mild. The number of cholera eases is said to
be again on the decrease.
June 80.—The enemy kept up a very active fire is
1 the supposed direction of our working parties lest aid %
A limited number of shells were thrown from our top
levies, chiefly against the Malakhoff and Reda%
There had been rumours of an attack on our lines
being contemplated by the enemy, but no demonatra.
tion nor advance took place. The anticipation of in
attack was most probably due to a suspicion flat
iatelligenoe of the demise of Lord Raglan, and the
absence of many of our generals, would be carried to
the enemy's camp, and that he might hope to gain an
advantage by a surprise under these circumstances.
Dry weather appears to have again set it.

(FROM OUR CORRESPOND
E.)ENT, LATE ON TIM
DANUB
TVRIELSH CAMP, MASKOMUA, VALE OP
BAIDAR, Juni 30.

Since the date of my last letter no change his
taken place in the position of the Turkish army. The
Piedwontese have returned to their old encampment
at Kaman; the firing has all but ceased at Sebasto-
pol, and, in fact, affairs seem brought to a dead lock.
Reunnaissances, on a small scale, have been made by
the Turks for some days past, but they never by aoy
chance see anything. A letter was addressed, by the
hands of a Tartar, some days ago , by a Polish ser-
geant at the Russian outposts, to "his brother Poles,"
in which he gives the strength and position of the
Russian forces outside Sebastopol. He rates them
at 93,000 men in all, amongst which there are 20
regiments of cavalry, eight being Cossacks of the
Ural. To this there is nothing to oppose but Omer
Paches small army and that of the Piedroontese, who
are being decimated by cholera, and such troops
as the French and English may be able to spare from
before Sebastopol. There seems to be no plan of
ulterior operations formed as yet, and divisions are
moved about more from the fidgetiness consequent
upon the feeling that nothing is being done, when all
ought to be busy, than from any intention of
damaging the enemy. The villages of Upoo and
Koutchka, which were occupied by the Turks when
they first crossed the Tchernaya, having been evacu.
ated when they marched towards Balder, as a
matter of course were immediately afterwat4s occu-
pied by the Cossacks and Greek volunteers, who
forthwith, as usual, carried oft such of the inhabitants
as were known to have had any communica-
tion with the enemy. Some escaped, amongst
others, the chief of the village, Vely Bey,
one of the Tartar aristocracy, who came trotting into
the camp about twelve hours atter our arrival here,
with his son, and addressed himself to Omer Pacha
for deliverance. Omer Pacha sent him to General
Marmora, whose troops were still near Tchorgoun,
bat be sent him back again, and the poor devil was
here two whole days wandering from one Pacha's tent
to another, professing unbounded devotion to
" his lord the Sultan," steadfastly refusing
the smallest drop of wine, beer, or spirits, and saying
his prayers invariably in the middle of the troops,
and in the most exposed situation he could select.
However favourably this show of devotion might
have impressed the Turks with regard to hie piety,
it did not seem to have much effect upon his
prospects of a return to his village. At last
Iskender Pacha took him up, lodged him in hie tent,
and by some means or other obtained an order to
advance on Upoo, and restore the Tartars to their
homes. Vely Bey accompanied him. The Greeks
ran away as usual, and the Tartar chief had hardly
made the vow which returned exiles usually register,
from hie home and his weeping friends never
to part, when the Turks received an order
to return to camp. Down came the Greeks
and Cossacks on their heels, and off went
Vely Bey and his son once more on their
ponies to seek precarious shelter here, end
hope for better times. He has once more taken
up his abode with Iskender Pacha, and to the beet
of my belief and opinion, he and the Pacha will
be heartily sick of each other's company before Upoo
becomes safe ground for any one supposed to
be unfavourably disposed towards the Czar
of all the Russia& Now, this is an un-
fortunate affair in my opinion, not because
of Vely Bey, because if it were necessary to the sac-
s= da single important movement, a general would
be justified in sacrificing not one village bat ten, from
the head men to the newest laid eggs. " One cannot
make war with white kid gloves on, as a French
general said when he appropriated a horse at Kertch.
But in this cue these villages were occupied with no
object, evacuated with no object, and the in-
habitants suffered to fraternise with the in-
vaders, and thus incapacitate themselves from
doing any good to anybody but the Cossacks, who
make it an excuse for seizing on the fowls while car-
ryiny off the owners. if this could be
properly
con-
sidered any enemy's country, or if the villages were
se
Russian, though the case might be a hard one, lees
caution would be necessary. Bat the Tartan' are
to all intents and purposes Turks. The allegiance
of their hearts has always been paid to the
Sultan ; the conquest is too recent to be
forgotten. The Russian is in their eyes still a gison
and foreign enemy. If Omer Packs, as well as the
allies generally, did no.. feel disposed to exploit these
feelings for their own profit, they should at least
have so far respected them as to avoid being the
cause of any unnecessary suffering to the people ; a
village should never be occupied unless the army
were advancing beyond or about to remain in it, or
at least the inhabitants should not be sacrificed to
final deliverance from Muscovite domination.
Cossack vengeance, after being filled with hopes of
The fact is that, in the general admiration for
discipline and organisation—and certainly too great
importance cannot be assigned to them—people have
begun to despise completely the efforts of popular en-
thusiasm, and to treat the notions of indi-
viduals with contempt.