The Express.
London, England, 1852-12-08 00:00:00

SUPPLY.-NATIONAL DEFENCES.

On bri4i;g up the report of the committee of supply,
Sir 0. PECHELL said the hon. gentleman proposed to
raise 2,000 men this year, and then the remainder were to
be raised in April neat, if they could get them. He sup
gated that if they could not raisesufficient men they should
supply the remainder by boys.
Mr. STAFFORIJ said this matter bad been under the
monaideration of the Admiralty, and it was their wish to
get as many boys as they could.
On the vote of 14,00 W for iron ordnance and projectiles,
Sir G. PECHELL said there was some differense at
opinion as to the number of guns and iron ordnance saw
lying at Portsmouth, Woolwich, and Devonport, ardor
various colonies. Now, in the report of the orders* air
sues of 1819, he found that at that time thou Waseca
Woolwich no less than 11,679 serviceable go big
guns, from a 13-inch mortar to a 9.pounder. At Ports-
mouth there were 1,466 guns serviceable; at Devonport.
927 serviceable; at Chatham, 333 repairable ; at Plymouth
alma the same somber, and 549 obsolete guns ; and 479
elsolete guns at Devonport. Now, when he looked at
Gibraltar, which was reckoned to be our strongest fortress,
be found that there were only 000 guns then, and the
oest of sending out a great many more guns tocamplete the
armament, was only 8,0151. They were now spot Sol
vote 11,0301. Was this for 'second Gibraltar ? What Weld
be their intention in making for so large a sum, when In all
parts of England there were no less than 14,961 serviceable
gam; end. taking the repairable and unserviceable, no Mrs
Qua 23,963.
'The report was then agreed to.
TENANT'S COMPENSATION (IRELAND) BILL.
On the order of the day fee the mond reading of this
bill,
Mr. Serjeant SUEZ said the right hon. gentleman the
Attorney-General for Ireland, in the exposition which he
gave them some evenings ago of the new bill of landlord and
tenant, adverted in terms of respectful notice to a hos.
friend of his, for many years • member of that house, to
whose exertions the improvement by legislative measures
of the condition of the agricultural classes in Ireland, the
right hon. gentleman, as he understood hint, attributed, ea
• primary cause, mock of the difficulty that be anticipated
La carrying his supposed measure for the same object. He had
so wish te depreciate the learning and the industry of the
right hon. gentleman, but when be reminded the house
that in the years 1835, 1836, 1843, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849,
1960, and 1862, bills were brought into that house by the
late member for Rochdale (Mr. Sharman Crawford), in
which all the principles of tenants' property in their own
Improvements, sad of retrospective compensat on for them,
sow nominally and little more than nominally admitted by
the: right hon. gentleman, were fully rcoognised, he
thought the house would agree with hiss that whenever it
paned a good law of landlord and Masai in Ireland, the
sita•eriale of that bill—whaessoever mews might be on the
lock of the bill—would be furrildeed Kr. Crawford.
That gentleman was • large landed end he put
toward a plan for the imprimemond Of tit eesditlon of his
sonatrymen, the first clams of whin seataised a rimm
Ufa that farmbuil d Lap peromasat hogreamoimist
loafed to the nun, mad be bad ferried that priaelple out
ea hie own estate' he mined that the tenants had a right
M the product 1k their ova industry ; and that from tie
time be had *nisi eat that principle on his own
estate, he bad not only greatly promoted Om
happiness sad prosperity of those whom Providence
had made dependent upon him, but had considerably
advanced his own interests. (Hear, hear.) He read Kr.
Crawford's bill, and the other bilks that were from Uses to
time brought into that and the other house if
Eminent, and from his own experience and
which had not been inconsiderable in England, Seetbad,
and Ireland, and from the reports of parliamentary mar
senses tad the anise of eseennes, he had ems to a
esailailia sane Man— he gems hat to dui essolodss
that oohs leghletare of el et
matep mos progeoll flee
break up the settlimest of larded mans for the p mess
of holly provision, widen siss thsoght seentisl dM as
mdstosimes of the aristesiode dam% sal dle•
Whaled the lead on the dooth if dr greprieterObeg
would never arrive at • wand sod pow Oats of
Oa further inquiry, he found *et Yr. Crawford's bill con-
tained no provisions that had alit been sanctioned by the
accumulated wisdom of ages, or that were not comprised in
the laws of all those a:ates which had retained the juris-
prudenes of the empire. la every line of the bill there
leas • boassious satiety to guard against the slightest en.
oriesahmest ea the real and just rights of property ; and he
ellaid me help admiring his (Mr. Crawford's) worthy rup-
iahs not to surrender one jot of his honest conviction for
• whiff of that which had led even honest men astray—the
gal* of popularity—than which nothing was more worthless
when it was undeserved. (Hear, hey.) During the last
session a vast number of petitions had been presented in
favour of the bill; and not one against it; and its prin-
ciples had been likewise affirmed at the late election by
great majorities in most of the Irish counties. (Rear,
hear) Ile (the learned earjeast) Ind been called ups an
meeting at Dublin, which was attended by 60 aesthete fle
this Sure, and presided over by Mr. Crawford, to Odes
sharp of the bill during what wu hoped wile bat
the temporary absence of that honourable gentlemmit
from the hose. Agitation out of doors which had
not for its object success, as the worthy result
daegi and discussion, was not only mischievous bat
001a64 ; but if ho (Serjeant Sine) failed on this ac
it would not be for want of a true and loyal convictiontea
the principles he had undertaken to support were in them-
selves just and wise, conservative to the real rights of pro-
and conducive to the prosperity of Ireland, to
it peace, the strength, and the union of that great empire
ad which it formed a part. (Cheers.) As many yeah uhe
sold remember, the misery of the Irish people had occupied
• large portion of the attention of that house. No one
could doubt that the English and Scotch members longed
to be comforted by an assurance of the happiness of their
fellow Irish subjects; but how was it that their benevolence,
had failed so signally in its results ? It was impossible to
walk elope the track of legislation for the last fifty yews
without meeting at every step with some bulwark hang,'
thrown up to stay the flood of social disorganisation—use
lulus act, some coercion bill, the suspension of the Haber
Corpus Act, a report upon crime and outrage, allusions in
lapeeches from the throne, oestrous declarations by minister.
lof state. How was this? Tne peasantry of almost every
other part of Europe were prosperous ; and the
traveller peeing front Ireland into England, and

try the eases of somperstive happiness and com-
pel° ttinLitrhiett would everywhere greet his eyes, would
hardly be abbe* wltherld the ezelamation, " Sue si bona
swing I" the grateful earth supplied to the
bonne of than the moans of enjoyment and
comfort eamt. I la Ireland. (Cheers.) In three pro-
'laces et *a unhappy country, almost within sight of these
shores, and Mating ready access to the English markets,
there were , in frightful contrast, luxury and
plenty with banger, nakedness. and want. There were
property without security, industry without encourage-
ment, and commerce without life—a restless longing for
new things at home and new for tunes he and the seas—
simian injustice, agrarian discontent, and (worst of all)
agrarian crime. (Cheers.) Surely it was vain to look for
the cure of such evils in the consolidation of statutes and
Memory guarantee*. (Cheers.) Sometimes they were told
that these evils arose from some Inherent taint
—some moral scrofula, with which all the Celtic
race except the Great Duke was effected and
which unfitted them for toil and profitable industry.
(Hear, hear.) But a large portion of the French and Scotch
peasants were Celts. (Cheers.) A large portion of the
Celtic element, as the boo. member (Mr. Drummond) would
tell them, if he spoke on this subject, was contained in that
wonderful amalgam an Englishman; and who would say
that the English and the American nations did not stand in
the very foremost ranks of human races ? (Cheers ) Some-
times, again, they were told that it was their religion.
(Hear, hear.) But the Roman catholic religion was the
religion of Spain and Portugal in their palmiest days, when
they were masters of the Indies. (Cheers.) And it wasi,
now the religion of France and Belgium, of the Rhenish
Provinces of Prussia, and of Lombardy—countries which,
as the hon. member (Mr. Drummond) had said last night,
far surpassed us in everything tbst was tasteful and elegant.
(Cheers.) lie (Seri. Shee) had not been able to under...and
from the right hun. gentleman (Mr. Napier) what he con-
sidered to be the causes of the unhappiness of Ireland. it
seemed to him that the right hon. gentleman hal been
flirting with Mrs. Fry ; for he said that the secret of this
state of things had occurred in the time of Sir John Davis,
who lived in the days of James I. and Queen Elisabeth.
The right hon. gentleman considered that some inconve-
nience had arisen from the system of middle men; and,
with the assistance of his smiabie adviser, he had arrived
at the conclusion that what was required was an increase of
employment, an increase of encour .gement to industry, and
the removal of every description of religious distinction.
But all foreign writers and all English economists of au-
thority had ascribed the different state of things in Ireland
and in other countries to the esistenos or the absence of a
motive for industry, and for the exertion which was caused
by an interest in the property created by industry. (Hear,
hese.) They said, with Arthur Young, that the magic of
property was capable of converting a waste, or even an
almost barren rock, into a garden; but that he
who created it must have an interest in it. .(Cheers.)
The secret of the perennial misery of Ireland
had been well condensed by Mr. Mill, in his " Principles
of Political Economy," into a few words. After comparing
the state of almost every class connected with the cultiva-
tion of the soil, from the West Indian slave to the free
labourer of Britain, he said that the Irish farmer or cottier
was alone amongst mankind in his condition ; for to be
industrious benefited nobody but his landlord ; while if he
chose to be intemperate it was at his landlord's expense.
If that were true, the whole mystery was solved. (Cheers.)
But could the evil be obviated ? He (Serjeant Sher) be- I
bend it could. (Cheers.) The bill of Mr. Sharman
Crawford did not propose to do for the Irish farmer at
present what was done by the first French revolution,
which cost so much blood and suffering, for the people of
Feints. They did not propose to do for the Irish what
the decrees of the Emperor Joseph and Maria Theresa
had done for Austria; what Steen had done for Prus-ia ;
and what, by their uwn indusry and economy, the Swiss
cantons had done for themselves. They did nut propose to
create a peasant proprietary. (Cheers.) But what they
wish-d was to legalise in Ulster what had been the cause of
the prosperity of that province, and to extend it throughout
Ireland (less its abuses), in the absence of soy contract
inconsistent with its principles. (Cheer.) Ile (Seri-ant
Skin) asked no better jury to whom to submit thia cause
than an assembly If English gentlemen. lie had known
them in private life, as magistrate., and in his professional
avocations, aed he felt sure that if he could show the 'lan
proposed to be preferable and more honest than that in
existence, their verdict would be in his favour. (Cheers.)
The evil, then, that they were seeking to cure,wos the direct
result of an exceptional law and custom in Ireland,
and he could not help observing. that in the elaborate
speech of the right hon. gentleman he had carefully avoided
the very point uoon which the whole question between
him and Mr. Crawford turned. He did not make the
slightest allusion to the maxim upon which the law relating
to additions to real property rested—the maxim, " Quic-
quia plantatur solo, solo see Lt." In the Roman law the
landlord was bound to furnish the tenant with everything
necessary for the cultivation of the soil—with a house in
good repair, barns for his corn, and stables for his cattle—
and if in any respect the landlord failed in this, his bounden
duty, the tenant could be reimbursed to the last farthing.
(Hear, hear.) That was also the case in Scotland. In
England fixtures were irremovable; hut, for every-
thing supplied by the tenant in addition, or by
which the value and productiveness of the soil
could be increased, and which remained aneahausted, the
tenant was entitled at the end of his term to be paid accord-
ing to the law and custom of the 1. lace—that custom being
in almost every ease fair and equitable. (Hear, hear )
But in Ireland they translated this maxim literally, and I
without any qualification or restriction. (Cheers.) Now,
the superficial contents of Ireland were about 12,000,0001
acres; and of thou about 9.000,000 changed hands be-
tween
the years 163.1 and 1895 by confiscations. (Cheers.)
About the year 164.5 Ireland was what was called "settled
—the Act of Settlement was passed—and he thought it
would be difficult to prove by any certain authority that
the evils they now complained of bad existed anterior to
that time. The Irish parliament which eat during the
reigns of Charles 11., William and Mary,. Anne, and the
two first princes of the house of Brunswick, were com-
posed almost entirely of the new proprietors; and
the laws passed by them were prompted by the
alarm which their position inspired. (Cheers.) They
lived in dread of a revival of the old esthetic interests,
and they found a pretext for their legislation in the religion
of the people. (Hear, hear.) They passed laws ostensibly
to prevent the growth of popery, but really to keep down
the native inhabitants and to prevent them from rising In
assert their rights. (Chog.) By one law it was enacted
that no papist—that was no farmer—in Leinster' Munster,
and Ceanaught should be capable of boiling land upon say
term exceeding 30 years, or unless three-fourths of the
yearly improved value of the land was reserved for rent.
(Hear.) lie (Serjeant Shee) would not now inflict upon
them any remarks upon the penal laws—" sufficient to the
day was the evil thereor'—(laughter)—blot there was one
sot to which he would allude. It had been passed to relaxes
act which remained in force until the 21st of George 111.
By the former act no papist was permitted to have a
hone of greater value than five pounds; but this bill de-
clared that all stallions and brood mares, with their pro-
duce till it was five years old, should not be considered
to come within the meaning of the act. (Laughter.)
Under such a state of things the idea of improvement was
quite out of the question ; and the policy which aeon out of
the fears to which the conscious possession of plunder
gave birth, became the normal amogement be-
tween the owners and the occupiers of the land.
[The learned serjeant then proceeded to cruets Burke, Lord
Cathcart, and various other authors, who wrote at different
periods of the last century, describing the fatal et
fats which had resulted to the industry of Ireland
from the policy pursued since the act of settlement.]
Some 60 yews ago the laws were altered, but the system
had become inveterate. The different acts were sent over
from England, and carried by force of the influence of go-
Torment. They were paned against the wishes of the Irish
proprietors, and they perversely adhered to the old system.
Though the laws were altered, things were very little
changed. From • statistical survey of the county he repre-
sented (Kilkenny), written by the father of the present
Lord Lieutenant, Mr. Tighe, in 1802, mention was made
of the bad state of the agricultural buildings and of the un-
improved condition of the farms. This he ascribed to the
fact that nothing was ever built or repaired by the land-
lords; these things were left to the tenants, who generally
came in without capital enough to stack their farms, still
less to build, fence, or drain them. This was said in 1802.
In 1843, the Devon Commission spoke in much of the same
language, stating that the uncertainty of tenure was con-
stantly refereed to as a pressing grievance by aU classes.
They declared that legislative measures were necessary to
give efficacy to agreements between landlords and tenauts.
It was admitted (they said) that the landlord did nothing
in the way of building and fencing : all this was done b
the tenant. (Hear, hear.) A little later—in • work which
he believed was written from notes supplied by Mr. Napier
himself—it was stated that nearly all the improvements
were dens by the tenant farmers themselves. Generally
speaking, that had been the state of things up to this time.
(Hear, hear.) It had originated in the unfortunate alarms
of men who bad possessed themselves, by means of the
power of England, of the property of the inhabitants ; it
was a system which had originated in the necessity of keep-
ing the people down ; and though the penal laws in which it
had originated were repealed, the system Will prevailed.
All the arrangements had been made on the understanding
that the landlords should have all the produce of the soil,
except the small part necessary for repruduction. Mort-
gages and family settlements bad been made on this basis;
and now the landlords were so embarrassed by these en-
gments, and by judgments which they had acknow-
ledged, that they could de nothing for the improvement of
their estates. These judgments or assignments were
another result of the penal laws, which prevented Papists
from holding land. The effects of this unhappy system
existed to the present day. The people were crushed to
the earth, were reduced to living on potatoes and milk and
water, and were altogether is a state which was a shame
to this country. (Hear, hear.) For the most part, the
Irish cultivator was • tenant-at-will, in arrear with his
rent, and under notice to quit. (Hear, hear.) They, were
liable to be ejected at any moment by their landlords, who,
in nine cases out of ten, were as innocent as the babe un-
born, the real ejectors being the creditors of the landlords.
Under such a system what motive had the tenant—sup-
posing he came into possession of any capital—for invest-,
ing it in the improvement of the land? Looking back at
the wimple of those few who, induced by the apparent NO
curity afforded by the acts of 1792, had built some decent
farm-houses and made other improvements—of which there
were some scattered instances up and down tho coentry—
he probably found that they had died in the workhouse.
(Hear, hear.) There were round none of the cheerful
homes in Ireland that were spread over the whole face of
England. The condition of the best estates in the best
counties of Ireland was such as would bring a blush on the
fate of any proprietor of stock in this country. (lieu.)
The parks, mansions, and pleasure grounds wore much the
same appearance in the two countries ; but go beyond those

sad the difference was most striking. '1 he eaus.Tieeke
'Many was that the landlords did node, g for the e'
• pm,-.."
ment of the country—that their condition was such teei
they eosld not do anything, in justice
younger branches of their fsmilies—end that tee
tenants themselves wero deterred from wee...—
mints by the liability of eviction. In leeks!, ei."""i,e_
the penal laws had not operated, a sidereal argue
sprung up, and had produced a degree of prinper-7'
which existed nowhere else in Ireland. (lieu, bee 3
He had been deluded into the hope, from hearing the
hon. gentleman the other night, that be really neat'-',..
introduce a good bill for leasing tenant-right to 'new"'
The right hon. gentleman bud quoted Benito we 4,4 N, wit
that it was most injurious to shut out three fourths re M.
inhabitants of Ireland from the possession of laud, and . a eiit
a thirty years tenure was nut sufficient to induce the ower
pier to build, plant, and make improvements. Tim
sage revealed at once the cause of the misery of the te
ity of C atev
rimilile,ystititntlgeftrhuse.tentehde.tuoiettcheurtli4t:ottoSftatytrwshifrel,:l.b4l:::„4,:bert:at
atadeq:Caesownttaocoire.eitlrpielotanhzdt:ointaronpndropp.eB!t‘eatahregbuyPnarute:terts.: against the ip,
ight hon, geatk,
man. (Hear, bear ) Mr. Burke evidently conteinelatee
the establishment of sueb • system as prevailed in Ulster
the legislation and extension of which te the whole of lie:
land had been advocated year after year by Mr. S. Crew ford,
The settlement of Ulster had been toad, under a Smelt
prince; and the system of plantation pursued was precerip
that which prevailed between lsi.dlord sod pellet, soder
the old Raman law. This was perfectly clew teem ma
articles of plantation, which required that the hied &ewe
be let for terms of years or in lee at a low rent. Shortly
afterwards, it appearing that th. se articles Lail bete violated
contract
rack-rent, ee un
undertakers
t precisely
OrkeMe
was issued, and the result was the forfeiture the lends.
ter
In every respect, save the 'meth of the arm, the
law. The tenant, in both cases, was te betel and imprint,
and he had the right, at the end of his term, on the law:lord
refusing to purchase his interest, to sell it to any sele,et
purchaser. Wherever that custom had fleeted in the wine
of Ireland, it woe impossible for any court of law or equity
to disregard it ; for the custom of a di.trie
the decisions of a court, and where • custom was immured,
it was always enforced. The same wee dene so the Eneese
courts; recently. in Lincolnshire, where the es'tom hod
prevailed only 20 years, a tenant who Led marled Listen
was held entitled to compensation. In Lace manner, et
Ulster, if a landlord refused compensation to a name he
might be compelled by law to give it. It was intonislem
that such obvious rights could ever be diereeinhe by toesof legal acquiremeuts. These men knew well that the
same right was established by usage in every enintry of
Europe. Under the Ulster custom, an enormous 'meet
of property had becu aixuedaluted—probably le or ie
mh-
lions; and it was important to remember that, theueh the
tenaet right of Ulster wee nut once me teemed in the bel
of the right hon. gentlemen, it would have the ,g g
sweeping that right wholly away. (Hear, hear.) 714
learned acrjeant proceeded to read a list et norm peed f,
tenant right. In one case a man had paid tor 36 acreseig.
tenant right, the rent being 421. 6s. le another a maa be
57 acre., at 275. the acre, paid fir tenant right bOO', and is
both cages the tenants had laid out considerable sums is ed.
dition fur improvement... A third man held 3G Cunate.
ham , bad expeniled 21.11.11. in Luildieg, and heti pad
1201. for tenant right. In these end ,eveial sineiu
cuw
enumerated the tenant might he turned out at a lame...,
notice. Such were the cese s which the hotse had to pro
vide for with respect t a the tenth, hut in same part, of It,.
land tenant. had no protections fir these improvement, en.
cept that system of aerarian outrage welch was Is die
graceful to the legislature as it was to the perpetrate'''. la
Ulster the protection w s tenant right, which until lax
rues had never been disputed. The first attempt to to ilt
occurred about ten years shier, and was made in a stealthy
manner, not denying the principle, but dccl :ring against
abuse; but since the opening of the penes a new
Mon had arisen, and • new solution cat tenant mint.
The landlord had now te consider whether he would con.
liscato his tenant,' improvements by upholding the old
rents, or would accommodate his f rtuaes to Limed eis
cumstances and accept the reduction. In many eases the
temptation had proved too strung fur the landlords' mete.
pies, the tenant right, with all its real secumulatons of
property, was in danger, and this truths state Of there
which the house wan celled on to interfere. As a proof cat ow
folly the tenant right had berg acknewledge4 by the
aorihern landlords he might mention that Lord Caledonia'
taking some land from a tenant a few years since to is
crease his park paid the man 121. an 'ere tenant right. Lit
them then see how far the right hon. gentleman', bill pro
yid. el justice for the past and security for the future. as
right hon. gentleman provided compensation for improve
meats, but laid down u, a priuciele teat the improvement
belonged to the soil, while the clause was merelyatrueLties
of the Roman civil law, and :doge then altered the ler as it
existed in Ireland. The right hoo. gentlemen was, in fact,
giving a right to • man to sue another in in for improve-
ments effected on that man's property. He (eerjeant Sher)
did not quarrel with the principle e but the riaht boa. see
Osman denied it, and a little further oil tried toevade it,
coolly declaring that for the tuoue the lendlord 'Meta
claim buildings at a veluatien. The highest smote:of
compensation under the bill would oily amount to Lar
years' value after deducting the rent.
The ATTORNEY.GENEItAL said that was a mistake
of the printer's.
Serjeaot SR EE said that, for a mistake, it was refute.
ably clear and explicit, and referred for confirmation te
another bill in which the prevision was repeated, sad
continued to point out the contradictions in the clause, a-
geing that the extensible allowances fur improve
meats would in reality be found to lie a delusion.
The tenant was not dealt with fairly in not receiving men
for what he had done. Any landlord who chose to say that
buildings had been raised more than le yeas's, cooed wise
eompenhation ; and the object appareney was ta estop the
Ulster tenant for ever. (Hear, hear.) The rieht boa.
gentleman (Mr. Napier) might say that the Ulster tad.
leads would of course acknowledge the existing mean: bat
he maintained that if no provision fur that were made ins
general bill like the present one, the property of the Ulster
tenants would be entirely confiscated. (Hear, hear) If
the tenant considered the rent which he was paying toe
Ugh wed wanted te go, he would have to leave all his ie.
=ate behind him. lie had no objection to the lime
f the tenants' claims u c mpensation. But there
were numerous estates in Ireland which had ter aloe;
period been nothing but potato rotates, the lea&
Leeds not caring what kind of buildings existed; asi
se improvements were to be paid for entree the tenant ia
Making them had had the landlord's permission in wriest
Didiculties were to be put in the way of the tenant before
he improved which its en cases out of 100 would be Mau-
-1 elemble. The right hon. gentleman spoke the other
evening of the mortality which had accompanied the subs.,
tution of large farms for small ores. From his statement
' it would appear that that mortality was greatest on estates
where the farms were small; whereas the reverse was de
truth. Now what was the course to be pursued when its
tenant desired to make improvements? If be wished ts
erect • building,
as or a pigntye, he must prepare • plan 06
specilleatienajust much as if be wished to construct s
bridge or a M dlway : he must then serve a notice on he
landlord of his intention to make the improve
manta ; he must lodge the plan and specitiestees
With the clerk of the peace, by whom they wets
Ate be published in the county paper; anti after al
this had bees done, the landlord was entitled to step a
re 1 af
soyund tehr a tth he
roment
The tenant in that ease had to go before the Board I
eproinyteisnidokeds
ofto tehffee effect tnhde
ImprovementlaAatt
Weeks in Dublin ; the board would send dove an iaspee
We the matter would be advertised again ; and notturee
dal Istedlord, but any person interestea in the estate--h
Might be a mortgagee, or he might be a widow with
esinture—(great laughter)—any such penman might tact
abjection.. A meeting of all interested was then to le
galled in Dublin to dismiss the matter, and to determite
whether or not the improvement would be good for all Pe`
sena interested ; and as it was ten to one if the man who
wanted the improvement hail not voted sieeee
the landlord at the last election, it woe not im
probable that the result would be a determinatin
that himself and his neighbours should be sal
about their business and their farms consolidated
To say no one should have compensation unless he wsl
through all those forms was as goat as to say that he those
have none at all. Let the house fancy a man who did as
eat meat twice a week going up to Dublin ti nett Os
Beard of Works. (Oh, oh.) Well, if he did not do that
lit improvements could not he made at all. This bie
speetively gave no compensatioe without all that tonsil.
Again, the tenant was to have so compensation if kel
evicted for non-payment of rent. (Hear, hear) lie re
just built • house, perhaps at an expellee of 2001., er
through some misfortune he became unable to Pee!
rent. In such a case there was nothing to preset:
landlord from turning him out without any comrestlit
Under any other law the tenant would be allowedand the proceeds would go towards the rent.
tenant wee never to get compensation if he c esi
.iatuLs:
efhhilile
leavemen
iee in
th (um
mhis
in Ireland improved bit by hit, and none of the improvise':
would be paid for. The bill proceeded entirely on thous
nch accord.
muat:teri'askec that
,cry justice? ?T 'lhheetre..lef
ae.
position that the question to he determined was Oar *1,2
depended on • contract between the parties; when's"'
real question was, what would be most likely to enceaSe
improvements. In making these comments he 1101 fee?
So intention to defeat the avowed object of the leoffeee
meat ; but he would suggest to them that thisbill,
=other bill which had been before the house several ems".
should both leo referred to a select committee. tere
bear.) It was, be hoped, the intention of all to act 101
and honestly, and not to ,treat in a bees:m.lv Peel! g.e.
net
gelation which hod really nothing to do with renr:it n
hear.) lie hoped the goverement would not for
Irish members to divide against the bill. fecy tee!
D loom
vie% to attack the just rights of property,
part
that such a course would be injurious to all
selMe.
but they could not assent to the bill se
Thetbiptbi
object of the Irish party was to pass a gee:
session, and for that purpose he trusted his etenw_._s
referring both bills to a select committee would hr.
in the merit in which it had been thrown out. re;
members (he being one) in the enema parliament had
returned by the tenant farmers for the first time e'fa,
sent their feelings, and they were anxious to d,. t,
e'en
could to arrive at Is just and satislectery ec'ile
aid sit
long vexed question ; sod he hoped that anaietycrweee;
be uisapp elated by the determination of the eee,
pass their own objectionable measure, and the',
etK
the hostility of the Irish party, preveut that or ars-1 ee
measure on the subject passing during the oar se "
present session. (Loud cheers.) • tbeottl
Mr. ROSS MOORE, as a member representlef ths
of Ireland, expressed his approval of the pr01e:...,, eie
series of government bine on the subjeet
been introduced, and had not intended to d
than offer some suggestions in committo,

Alt it necessary to make some restaria in esseequemee of
the bee of argument taken by Mirka& ski teirmigentle-
Dan who had jest sat down. The ban. sad burold rea le-
Lao had, two-thiids of bita epee* detailed to the
h sae those penal laws which had ben repealed years ago.
sirepathie• were with the tenant. bat the rights of pre-
p.m most be nisiotained, and the first principle of the
hos. and learned member's bill violated the law of property.
The boa. and learned member, while seleocatag the goes-
hoe of tenant right, had not condescended to explain what
tiut was, anil it wu inspiiseible to define what Ulster tenant
rev; wa, tor not only did the tenant right M Ulster differ
im eau, part of the province, but it differed in every
&ate, each haying °VII peculiar custom. How, then,
• r to .egaliie Ulster tenant right ? A variable
matron could never become law for the whole of the land.
is covelesiou, the hoc. member said that English repre-
natant,' should be cautioiu in sanctioning that prineple
"nouly called Tenant Right, which if once adopted In
h Ireland. English tenants would insist on being
lirpibed to themselves.
btu I. I.I.kLL condemned the preeminent bill and at-
tend luto that elimination of it to detail which visually
el, traeteriwa the lieu-sloes only of the house in committee.
If thi y voted to allow theme bills to go into committee, it
▪ the understanding that they altogether protested to
ing a settlement of the question.

BKOTUER lON moved that the debate he ad-
Mr GEORGE then nee and attempted to address the
bou.,, but eu met with loud cries of " adjourn."
Mr. E.ll. ROCHE asked the Chaimnor of the Exche-
quer xi, as ka er us the house, he could fix a day ea which
the ads .urntd discussion should come on.

lac CHANCELLOIt of the EXCUEQUER rid he
bat IP, clay at evototaad. All that be weld do was to is
d.,e...a0t for this day, which he had dose.
Mr M•MA lIUN —la rising for the ant time to adieu
It. housw—
Mr. UKORGE —I riot to order—

Mr. Id OSBOHN kl —And I rise to order. 1 believe the
hon. gentleman on the ether aide of the taus is perfectly
in order in speaking to the adjournment.
Mr. *MAHON said if, in coufurnsity with the usages
of the house, be could express his opinion on the sohjetv,
he was ready to do so. The question wee of eineme im-
portance to the welfare of Zr, land and to the welfare of
England else. He did not think thit the museum of the
Attorney•fieseral for Ireland provided a seaSelest remedy.
The tire wureriat bills, es they were told, consolidated, one
of them 200 sad the calm 60 sets of parliament. Those
260 rasa parliament were 260 (salutes. They were fail-
aro. birstem the legislature. in enacting them, looked
doily to the interest of the landlord, end neglected the
ion nisi eV the other members of the community. These
mid arts of parliament interfered with the freedom of con-
tract—with the treedons of action of both landlord and
trust. He begged to suggest that as Mr. Sharman Craw-
ford's bill was supoieterl by .10 of the Irish members, it
ought, n. courtesy to them. and to those whom thee retire.
rented, to be sent awaits with the government bills. The
ought to be viewed with the eye of statesmen
•ho desired the permanent welfare and happiness of the
empire. and not with the prejudices of Irish landlords or
hiders. (neer, bear.)
Mr. LUCAS wished to state what the object of the Irish
wen:then was. They found that an examination of the
agreement bill, which on the most plau.ible statement had
appeared to theta to have been framed fur the purpose sit
costiwatieg every particle of tenant property, only showed
that it was i iota. ully calculated to promote discord and
outrage. They wished therefore to base an ezolanatiou
tetra the night hoe. gentleman before they went back to
their enedituents fiat tne recess, in order that they might
know •hether they had been mistaken a to the
asesnia4 of the measure. It had been said that one
estraonhairy passage that occurred three times in
the pr,p.ned bills was a printer's error. In his
opines the whole was s groin blunder of some one,
and be should be very glad to throw the blame on the:
twister. (L tug ht. r ) Ile was anxious to take up the
question is no party spirit. (Cheers, and cries of "oh.")
Be used the words as solemnly as • man could was words
ea any subject, when he declared that he would as soon
take a yowl scrum from the right hon. gentleman as
from any party in the house. (Cheen.) Ile had great
hopes ut a tosernment which had cast a so many exploded
pr. iudiceson.l obsolete polities ; and he only trusted that
they would carry the same good feeling to Ireland
(Hear, hear.) He begged to suggest that the debate be
adjourned to this day. (Oh.) At all events, whatever
evils might result from the government leaving the state.
suit in the bon. and learned iserjeant unanswered, and
the meaning of their own bill unexplained, the reeponaibi.
lily would he thin. (Cheer..)
The boast then divided on the question of adjournment.

For the adjournment
Against it
Oa our re-admission to the gallery,
11.. WALPOLE was addressing the home. He said
th.t, seeing the little time before the recess, he was willing
to accede to a proposition that had been made, for sending
too of the bills to a select eommittsc. The other two be
desired to see pawed as early as possible. (Meer, hear.)
lie seceded to thi. really with a view of settling the goes.
hoe, as he saw no chance of making further progress with
the hi, belt• the recess.

Mr. Eot II hoped the committee would be named as
ilr."Nl"Althiti,E said he should communicate with the
hes. awl harmed gentleman (Mr. Serjeant ghee, so was um.
dentoodo with n god to the composition of the committee,
tes le to pee • fair pro,.ortion 01 Irish members.
Mr. LL:CAS top d that the bill fee giviag leasing
power. would &LA. be sent to a select committee, and that
the committee would be empowered to take evidence,
otherwise they would be legislating in the dark.
Mr. GItOUAN was opposed to one of the bills, which he
said had been rejected in previous sessions, going before •
comuutti e

O'FLAIIERTY wished all the bills to go before •
commiti.e. mid have evidence taken on the whole.
The SPEAKER remiaded the house that they had not
aced • day for the adjourned debate,.
TMCHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER proposed
Tuesday seat.
Mr. R. M. FOX said if the Ms meat betas a Went
committee they would be no mere beard Odds seeelea.
Mr. NAI'IRR said he had intended ie gook just before
the adjosuotn-sit was moved, and woe quite prepared to
answer the objections of Mr. &Oast lbw
Mr. KEOOII said it was moat eatzeogrdireary that the
ease teietahe should have crept into all *ems bills. Oa
the face of it the present bill wee a esuglete delusion. It
wu first laid down that this composaatiai parted of enjoy.
secret should be 31 can ; but eappeelog • Meese to have
szpvt.ded lila on the faith of the HMS MlMsisitglassabisie-
quent clause upon 'victims be yes wleave 40n re-
tamed to him. The right boa. gesilemeg Odd heave
on the night elms he tatsedated these Ihat the
boa of thrashed " added many homes out le a NstaaieW
Lk no: unemployed." This wee a stagibtiLaWitite
bow, and, perheitamielhe ••grapriati•MO
heard of since this Or the Mies VIII ant the
Unit remarkable. sew
enii MON he mpg.
that the labours added to the rof We had
been supplied by the gligreadmhee of 4:11e• Wit
did be say that Menem Owe wee beu• •
pamphlet, by Mr. Mho amiallfriettigi Mira, the
2,1 of last mob fir. lithe WrMalag mom •
gentleman who held the elk* ef asehheeSeearshary
in Dublin Csqle), is midst wee bhe Ented Melia fur
Whoa, and shoot Mao for lisle, all do feepsdlose of the
right hon. gentleman. It was SO me ebald
bare been piundssed without
Mr. 24 API ER odd No ham_ owl pries Ido Ire lo-
wering the 'twit seeds ea We eireepei*ead Ye beams, as
• goattensan—(cheers), sad which, if erould
show that he was meat ever to mit la that Irma. Oa him
honour as a gentlemen he deshered that ma sties the
bill were introduced he war am taw the el
Mr. Tube Hamilton—(iced atielseerlei say
bills like those ea the tare.ls 1
the year IMO two biota eilitra )
ldeerra. Yawn
mad Ferguson, wrote a hook Mid* wee yallbehed ander
his (Mr. Napier's) superintemdmraj a 114175:8100( the
materials of that hook were tandebed by bib beltatry ;
sad be found the mmemmile off Seallalemailas
inby page. in dm_ paragiblet of Mr.
Oetober, 1832. e. Beat, beer," sad time )?he beck
contained the subeessee of the billswhich bad been under
(Incursion— (bear, boar)—and he trusted that that esplana-
bon vindicated hie character from She charge brought
spinet him.
Mr. ORE VILLE hoped the bones would not be diverted
from the important question of tenant right by personal
altereationa—(hear, hear)—and attributed what had just
occurred to scone remarks of the fiolizitor•Oeseral for Ire-
land as • previous ocession. Ho would suggest to the
Secretary of State for the Hoes* Department that the
second bill ea well as the Bret should be referred to the
select committee.

I;.4AEici.E said the tassel 00,111111•Ife to refer all
bills which related to the mate subject, sad that coarse
would he followed is the present tastame.
Mr. b. OSBORNE thought the persoual bitterness in•
turd met the debate that evening was owls' to moo
Kaye seed by the Atteeney-Orneral for Ireland on the
Prov,om evening. It we. well known that the late govern•
awn left in Dublin Castle a measure for the settlement of
the quevion, and the hes. and learned member for
Athlone, knowing what he did, was justified in suspeißng
that that rit, attire had been made use of. (Hear, hear )
IL rein d that a seleet committee was only another way of
euttouning the question.
Mr. WHITESIDE regretted deeply that matures In-
tended fur the heriefit of Ireland should be made the subject
et personal alienation. He dinned that the bills had not
been rutentatted "out of the pigeon-holes of the castle," but
ken prepared by Mr. Ferguson, under the supervision
of ht, tient hon. fnend the Attorney-o,lmnd. The low
elfin r. of the crown would have explained the bills but for
the 'lnc occupied by the hon. and learned member for
Mr. EWE protested against the bills being hung up in a
select econniiitee.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER suggested
that as the reference of the bills to a select comintittee had
been approved of by the house, this irregular discussion
111.,tal be put an end to.
Seneant SHER wet willing to accede to the appoint-
ment of a .rivet committee, but hoped it would have power
to send for prisms and papers.
After some Lecher convermitioe the motion wee 'greed
to. The huh were then severally read a woad time, and '
fainted to a i,lect committee.
COMMONS INCLOSURE BILL.
This bill was reed • third time and pmeed.
LETTERS PATENT FOR INVENTIONS.
The house went into committee, and passed Sing* raw
latione eoeneeted with this subject.
The house adjourned at half-past one.

the entreM

TO CORRIMPONDEITS.

4 demand Mama of " The Lipmees," use eeseinem
" Gain*" le pahlimbel seem! Tull DO; ka blame
lee pee.
tdmerumeneeem Weeded foe " The Inpreme," Ledge Incentne nem
lay
tart be et tam inane, 10, Illem by Tee Velma ea tam
et pahlamtiee.

NIGH WATER • T LONDON BRIDGE.
fists Day —Mangos, Ilk. Na....—.....•••m0n. lib. U.
Tmuoassw—Noralag. Qt. Oi.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8.

Ma utmost possible effect that the Baevrea's
Betxier can have on the people's beverage will be to
reduce it one farthing a quart. That is its utmost
possible effect. But, practically, no such reduction
of the retail price of beer will follow the reduction of
the duty on malt one-half. For, in the first plase,
the maltster will still have all the Excise regulations,
obstructions, and expense, to oppose to any re-
duction of his commodity. In the next place,
Brewers having command, power, or influence
over their immediate customers, will be in
a position to arrest any reduction in its
descent to them, and to retain it on their own esta-
blishments. And in the third place, as the profit at
which they insist on tho retailers selling their beer
is already so small as to require adulteration on the
retailers' part to give them • living, they are in a
position. should the reduction ever reach them, to
deny it to the public. To palm off, therefore, the
reduction of one-half the duty on malt as •
benefit to the consumer of beer is the
moat transparent fallacy ever perpetrated by
any CHANCELLOR of the Exeueututa since the
days when VANSITTART used to expect • great in-
crease of revenue from the rude and raw expedient
of increasing any particular tax. But this is only
fallacy the first. -For, if the reduction will not benefit
the consumer of beer, how can it possibly benefit the
producer of barley ? The farmers' friends seek to
extend the growth of barley by extending the con-
sumption of beer. We have shown that no such ex-
tension of beer consumption will follow the transfer-
ence of 2,300,0001. of the revenue to the pockets of the
master, the brewer, and the publican. But let us
assume, for an instant, that the consumers beer will
fall a farthing a quart, still the producer of barley
will not be stimulated to further production. And
for the reason ME. GOULOCRN pointed out; that, in
such case, it will be impossible any longer to retain
a prohibitory duty on the admission of foreign
malt. The lowering of the duty on home malt being
accompanied by the opening of our ports to
foreign malt, any increased demand for malt
will be met, not by an increase of domestic
production, but by foreign importation. The same
consequence will follow the reduction of the Hop
'fax. It is, we know, the fashion to say that foreign
malt is inferior to our own. Perhaps it is at pre-
sent. But why P Because in England there has
not hitherto been any market for foreign malt of a
quality equal to our own. Create that market; and
the supply from the floe barley lands of Belgium and
of Holstein will quickly follow.
The Brewer's Budget will not, therefore, give any
advan!age either to the consumer of beer or to the
grower of barley ; it will throw away two millions
and a half to a class which already have a monopoly,
and the large profits of a monopoly; and the towns,
already under undue contribution to the great
brewers, will have to be taxed in their houses, in
their acquired property, and in their industry, be-
cause the most incapable of Chancellors of the
Exchequer has been unable to comprehend the
plainest principles of political economy and the
clearest processes of business. To increase the
production of barley in Eogland might be
very easily accomplished, without in the least dis-
turbing the Malt Tax; and we will give the squires
a hint on the subject. It is the brewers' monopoly
that keeps up the price of beer and limits the growth
of barley and hops. The stronghold of the brewers'
monopoly is the licensing system. It is by means of
hat restriction in the retail vend of beer that the
brewers obtain command over public-houses and
beer-houses also; it is their command over the
houses in which their commodity is dispensed
for consumption that enables them to fix
its price, and that induces the retailer to
adulterate the poor man's beverage. Substitute
for the licensing system a proper police system
(throwing, of course, the retail trade open), and the
brewers monopoly will be broken up; fresh capital
will flow into the manufactory of beer; competition
in price and quality will follow; consumption will'
he increased, and then • stimulus will indeed be
given to the growth of barley. But to all this the
prejudices of the squires are opposed.
No doubt, some of the many imputation. against
beer-houses are well founded; though cer-
tainly not all; probably not one-half. But
for their evils the squires sod the clergy are
chiefly responsible. The poor 11110), having few
comforts and miserable accommodetioa at hose,
will find some place to By to; ad he Ms gone to
the beer-house because it is the &semi and plea-
santest within the reach of his peer mimes. Bat hr
going there the squire and the parses hare mashed
him. They predetermined that the bee-Los
would be immonalplams ; they have OMR attempted
to • this I on the contrary, they have de-
every !
who used thus. It is—we
mud assissil—quito and easily posible by altera-
tion, sepervinine, sesperatise, and lunistesee on their
part, to make bensiheeme shiest es morel as they are
now said to belmnisrali and tide that would surely
be a worthier sesepetina he the clergy and a more
profitable sue he the spires, than to limit the
'encomiums of the laltssert, sad, consequently, to
centrist the eassom4t of bow.
The Neewere wll also give to brewers the
nee el steleeme—w is fallacy the third. To say,
as the ems hoed, the& you will augment the produe-
ties et booby by Wwinft the duty on malt; and to
peepers, as the other bead, a substitute foe the
use of malt, is a sheep way of benefiting
the Imam Bat the molars' expe-
dient is jog as gross a delusion as the
iseniensil deemed for malt. Molasses might
have boss sod in breweries when malt was at
had.. pain I bet it cannot =
now, when malt is as
or muses. Besides, the new prospects
In our sugar colonies will, if realised, pre-
vent the importation of molasses. For, by means of
Improved modes of manufacture, it is proposed there
to extract from sedum all the ssocharins matter
remaieicg thereto t and, as the peat of that proems
will be make them the nine of mamas juste for
brew's(' Me. Datum mai net be abbe te catch
unich moles= se a salatitate hr malt.

This consideration further suggests the worthless-
ness, as a practical measure of benefit to the West
Indies,—however sound in theory,—of the proposition
for refining sugar in bond at horse. What the West
Indies, in their present condition, of all things would
be moat benefited by, would be the profits of refining
eager; and there seems every reasonable probability
of their acquiring that profit. By refilling sugar in
the colonies they would not only save the large
profit which the middleman, or refiner, in
England now reaps, but also the heavy loss of
dnunage (equal to at least 10 per cent.) from
their raw commodity on its voyage to England. To
enable the British middleman to refine sugar in
bond will be a great boon to him; but none at all to
the West Indies. The profit consequent on the
diminished capital required in refineries will go, not
to the sugar grower, but to the home capitalist.
Consequently to describe this item in the Budget
as a great benefit to our sugar colonies is just as huge
• delusion practised on the colonies u the throwing
away the Malt Tax is on the consumer and the far-
mer. In sober.truth, the only part of the Budget
which is not • delusion on some class or other is
the House Tax. That, at least, is a pure unadul-
terated and a heavy infliction. }or, though
the reduction in the duty on tea is sound in prin-
ciple ; by spreading the reduction over six years,
opportunity will thereby ho given to the retailers to
pocket the greater port of what the Treasury' gives
up. And as to the Light Dues, their modification
necessarily follows the death of the Duke of WEL-
LINGTON, who alone supported the Trinity Houses in
their monstrous extortions from shipping. But, even
in dealing with that question, Mr. IlisitAELl has
avoided the sound principle of making the Coast
Lights a national charge. However levied, or how-
ever paid, it is the consumers of the country on
whom the burden ultimately falls; and by still keep-
ing up four separate organisations for maintain-

• THE EXPREBB, WEDNESDAY kvEmtio, DECEMBER 8, •'1852.

lag the Coast Lights, Mr. DISRAELI will continue to
add to their real oat the unnecessary expense
of four costly systems of management, and so lave
untouched the real evils of extravagance in ma-
nagement and inadequacy of lights. What the
Great Conjuror promised the country—what he
Loured the nation " loomed in tho distance "—was
a general revision of taxation. And the worst fea-
ture of his Budget, taken as • whole, as he wished
it to be, is that, if carried, it may postpone for many
years the possibility of any such revision.

Ito say. That he hr boss isms as aosotiator ia, as
• I lately wrote, a symptoms d a imp in the Aus-
trian policy, "ad warrants the easelialse that Austria
'has abandoned the plan of make( the Zeileereio
difficulty pretext for violent political ventures, and
will make the realisation of the general cus-
toms' union its direct and chief aim. In this
case it is not improbable that Austria will pro-
pose a reduction of the tariff, not only in
order to gain support in Prussia and Hanover,
but because it has already found from experience that
its present tariff, in spite of the late reductions, is
far too high to admit extensive importations, bringing
the desired revenue, or to check the systematic
smuggling still practised on its frontiers. As regards
pig iron and first processes, it is said that Austria
will reduce the import duty to 3s. 4d. per ton, while
Prussia levies lbs. on Belgian and 20a. on all other
foreign pig iron. Nevertheless, Prussia can in no
ease enter into a customs' union with Austria ; and
even were it to renew its customs' union with the
southern states, which have become the declared allied,
of Austria, it would entirely ruin its political potation,
because it would, by such renewal, renounce the
power of independently deciding its own commercial
policy. And at a time like the present, when com-
mercial interests form so prominent a feature in
international relations, in what a pitiable predica-
ment must a great power place itself by disabling
itself, for twelve years to come, to cement alliances
and secure political support by opening its market,
or to increase its income and the people's wealth
byfacilitating the interchange of supplies? There're
not a few intelligent men here who clearly see all this,
and who regard a renewal of the Zollverein, on any
other condition, than that of a radical free trade
tariff, as the greatest possible calamity for Prussia.
But whether the king and the majority of the mi-
nistry are equally alive to the danger, and conse-
quently resolved not to renew the Zollverein, is
doubtful. The passage in the king's speech to the
chambers gives no guarantee to the effect ; neverthe-
less, it is highly important; because the manner in
which it has been received, provee that a
split of the Zollverein, the very mention
of which, a (year ago, would have irpread
a panic, would now receive extensive approbauon it
deliberately resolved on by the government. The
popular sentiment is now rather in favour of such a
measure, and that is a great point gained.
The princes of Hohenlohe, who formed the first
" state in the duchy of Gotha under the old consti-
tution, have laid before the Frankfort Diet a protest
against the validity of the constitution cf 1848, by
which their privileges were abrogated. The ancient
feudal order of things was recognised by the federal
treaties of 1818, whereby a federal guarantee
was given that no change otherwise than in
legal form should be tolerated. The privilege
of the states in Gotha, however, could not be legally
abrogated without their own free consent, for which,
iii the revolutionary period, they were not asked ;
they demand, therefore, their re-nistatemeut ; and it
is not improbable that the federal Diet may accede
to their request, and order the Duke of Gotha to
annul the constitution and reestablish the old feudal
arrangements.
Since the reference made by the King's speech to
the result of the harvest, rye has risen here from 365.
to 395. per quarter.
At Vienna, the firm of Joseph Leitner and Co.,
and at Laibach W. D. Moline, have failed, the de-
ficit being in each case about 50,0001.
The fourth volume of Humboldt's " Cosmos" is
under the press.
The English agents instructed to make an offer to
the Frankfort Diet for the six war steamers which
remain of the "German fleet" have been informed
that the ships are theirs at the price of 240,000
thalers.

Colonel Rawlinson, the decipherer of the arrow-
headed inscriptions, has been elected a member of
the Royal Academy of Sciences in the room of
Burnout.

The Town Council of Hanau in Hesse Cassel was
arraigned collectively before the Criminal Court on
the 3rd Instant, to answer for certain expressions
contained in an address which it had presented to
the Elector in Sept., 1650, and reflecting on the
odious minister Hassenpflug. At that date the
Elector had fled to Wilhelmsbed by night, and the
council in praying his return to Cassel spoke of the
minister as "a snake in the bosom of the ruler," and
worst of all alluded to him as " that man." The trial
was not concluded when the mail left Henan.

ITALY.
ROMAN STATES. r""'""•-"'"
Nov: 30.
The envoys of the new Cgstal Palace have en-
' trusted the German antiquarian, Doctor Braun, with
the execution of an extensive series of casts from the
chef declares of ancient and modern sculpture
abounding in this city, a portion of which are already
completed and will be shortly sent to England.
Mr. Gibson's studio will contribute several splendid
works, among which are his huntsman, statue of
Mr. Huskisson, bassi.relievi of the hours and of
Phaeton.

No change has as yet taken place in Edward Mur-
ray's condition, and it appears to be too soon to hope
for any diminution of his term of imprisonment.
Meanwhile his treatment in gaol is not severe, and
his lot may be oonsidered quite enviable when com-
pared with that of Roman subjects, to whom the
sacred consults itself attributes a far len degree el
culpability.
Exchange on London, 401. Roman etmeab, 94.

Cbt Coact.

OSBORNE, ToZIDAY.
Prince Albert, accompanied by the Duke of Bra-
bant, the Count of Flanders, and the Prince of Leiningen.
crossed over to Portsmouth yesterday morning, in the royal
steam-yacht Fairy, attended by the Hon. Colonel Grey,
Colonel &reverie, and Liest.-Colonel de Moerkerke. The
royal party landed at the dockyard, where they were re-
ceived by Admiral Sir Thomas Briggs, Major. General
Simpson, commanding the district, and Captain Hender-
son, C.D., and walked to the steam basin to inspect the
Wellington, three-decker, now fitting out, and from thence
went to the docks, when the Marlborough and other ships
of war are building. They afterwards proceeded on board
the Excellent, gunnery ship, to mitoses the exercise of the
greet guns. From the Excellent their Royal Highnesses
went on beard the Blenheim, steam biock.snip, and
minutely inepeeted her armament and machinery ; and
after a similar visit to the Neptune, 120, the royal party
re-embarked in the Fairy, and returned to Osborne.
M. Van de Weyer arrived from London yesterday, on •
visit to her Majesty.
The Belgian Princes and the Prince,. Charlotte, with
their suite, will leave Osborne this afternoon, and pass the,
night at Buckingham Palace on their return to Brussels.

A deputation, consisting of the Esrl of Harrowhy, the
Bishop of London, the Hight lion. Sidney Herbert, Mr.
Jell', and Mr. Kingscote, had an interview with the Hari of
Derby yesterday, at his official residence in Downing•street.
Ilr. Hired had an interview with Sir John Pshington
yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
Colonel Waldo Sibthorp, M.P., and Lcrd Rodney, hal
interviews with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday, at the
IL/Ine•office.

Mr. Macartney bad an interview yesterday with the Earl
of Derby.
Despatches were received at the Colonial.office yesterday
from the Governor-General of Canada and the GOT. nor.
of the other North American Provinces. Despatches were
also received from the Governors of New Zealand, South
Australia, Malta, and Gibraltar.

Lord Palmerston luta been suffering from an attack
of Mao.

011011 LAST NIOUT'S
OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Dgc. 7.
Royal Regiment of Artillery. Brevet Major Thomas
Acker. Shone to be lieut-eolonel, vice Palmer, retired
on half.pay ; Second Captain Richard Henry Crofton to
be captain, vice Shone; First Lieutensat George Bar-
stow to be seemed captain, vice Crofton ; Second Lieute.
neat Henry Richard Porter to be first lieutenant, vice
Barstow.______

NEW DEPUTY LIEUTENANTS.

Thomu Badger, 1144.,Crikellu;oartwright, Esq., John
Maury, Esq., and James Ashwin, Esq.

CROWN-OFFICE, Dze. 4.—Members returned to
serve in this present parliament: William Johnson Foe.
Esq., of No. 3, Sussex-place, Regent's-park, London, in th,
room of John Hamill, Esq., deceased, for the borough of
Oldham.—Junes Henry Porteua Oakes, of Newton, in the
county of Suffolk, Esq., in the room of John Stuart, Esq.,
who has accepted the office of Vice-Chancellor, for :he ho.
rough of Bury Saint Edmunds.—The Hon. Adolphus Fre.
derick Charles William Van., commonly called Lord Adol
peas Frederick Charles William Vaoe, in the room o:
['homes Colpitts, Granger, Esq., deceased, for the city of
Darham.—The Honourable Montague Bertie, commonly
called Lord Norreys, of No. 18, Grosvenor-street, in th,
county of Middlesex, in the room of LieutenantAieneral
James Caulfield, deceased, for the borough of Abingdon.—
George Hammond Whalley, Esq., In the room of the Hon.
Richard Wataon, deceased, for the city of Peterborough.

TELEGRAPH COMPANY.

The ordinary half-yearly meeting of the share-
holders in the above company was held yesterday in the
London Tavern, Bishopsgate•treet, at 12 o'clock, the Lord
11110 LIT in the chair. His lordship entered iato a
brief explanation of the objects of the meeting ; after
which the following report was read by the secretary, and
unanimously adopted: '
n The meeting is convened in accordance with the terms
of the royal charter of incorporation, by which the direc-
tors are required to hold the first general meeting of share-
holders in this company within seven days after the first
Wednesday of the present month. The short space, how-
ever, of three months only having elapsed since the issue of
the prospectus, and the subsequent formation of the com-
pany, the directors are not in a position to furnish the
shareholders with any detailed statement of accounts. The
directors have to regret the delay which has taken place in
the construction of the cable ; but it is asserted by the
manufacturers that greeter expedition has been rendered
impossible, owing to unforeseen difficulties, and the im-
practicability of obtaining a sufficient supply of iron wire
fee the coating of the telegraph rope. The cable is now
completed, and in the mires of a very feu days the direc-
tor' trust that it will be coiled on board a steamer, and
removed to Dover, there to await the first favourable wea-
ther for its submersion serous the channel. When this de-
sirable object is accomplished, the submarine wire' will be
immediately jeinedlto those of the subterranean telegraph at
Dover, and messages will be forwarded direct from Corn-
hill to Brussel., Berlin, Amsterdam, Hamburg, and all the
important towns of tho north-eastern portion of Europe,
instead of passing, as at present, by the more circuitous
route of Calais and Lille. The arrangements made with
the Dover and Calais lines are most advantageous
to the interests of both companies, and until a more
complete and legal fusion an be effected, it has been
agreed to work the two lines in perfect unison, the capital
of the two companies being equal, the shares bearing the
same value, and participating equally in expenditure and
receipts. This amalgamation of interest will take place
immediately apes the Deletian Submarine Telegraph being
opened to the mettle he the transmission of messages, and
arrangements an in progreas for allowing shareholders in
the French line the 'gaga of exchanging their shares for
those of the Charteted Cesay, when the Belgian line
shall be in operation. The diastase are much gratified at
being enabled to infant time abarisholders of the rapid
increase of telegraphis anaaaleallea between Great Bri-
tain and the Coulees!. Is Dasealser' 18.51, the number
of memages traamaltemi betas= Dever and Calais was 878.
In October last thejomumuteed to 1,819. In the week end-
ing teat Saturday, 81111 were forwarded from and
received at Censllll, • return of 238 i. 12s. 11d.
sterling for that week. The awaipts of the first six months
:pa the aulaterino telegraph between France and
E enabled themanagges to pay a dividend of 5 per
pa anima ea 76,0001, the capital of that company,
sad stem_ thetipeeed the omega& of lelletellee has been
alma whim the agasidllaso. owing le very. bane-
Saki eirsamana eaten& tam fee the transmission of
messages frees Osseldll to Calais by did sisbterranean tele-
graph in easjasslisa with the enhmerlee line, has been
greatly diminished. The diseases sansa, therefore, but feel
isilguum as w the maker dispose and important enter-
prise. Taligmaiis asernallesiks is rapidly becomieg
more and was insisgal both In Cheat Britain and on the
Continent, sad bolaisi,al this company does, the exclusive
privilege of trmsalralag weaves to and from all pare of
Europe ode Frames mai Briaban. • very large return of
prate nay
with the el the deed of reeeleehlyelime=ll eft the capital invested.
In pauses'. with
the Lewd de Manley, haw Oanalseael, Bart., Samuel
Laing, lA., 111 P., sad the Ewa P Cadogaa will retire
from the direcdon, sag respectively offer themselves for re-
, electioa." - _

The teo■w4~ ranistine wen neeinowdy wined to :
Tint Lied le 3firfaja ar JanaOaallae!waio Ben..
Sagaaal sax., aad W if... Frederick Can-
gan, who wenn nth' ind of settlemeat, be re-
elected 4418611." _

" That the thous et the meet* be given to the dime.
ton, and that they le to any into effect the
several arraaeumwtaaAajle iii the report."
" That the thanks a the swing be given to the chair•
man for his hrdship's teat vet the chair."

THE MARIONETTES.

Thin clever company of wooden actors, after a
successful tour In the provinces, have commenced another
season in the metropolis; bat their entertainments are now
given et the St. James's Theatre, instead of the little theatre
constructed expressly for them at the Adelaide Gallery.
This change of locality, however, is only temporary, we be-
lieve ; their theatre being to: the present used for • diffe-
rent purpose. The St. Jamey's opened last night, and
is very nicely fitted up fur their performances ; the stage
being reduced to the dimensions adapted to their diminu-
tive scenery and tiny figures. A snort introductory address
was delivered by their manager, Mr..6.lbany Brown, allud- '
leg to their past success, and solieitiig a continuance of
public, favour. Mr. Brown is really a gentlemanly little
person, easy in his deportment, and not 40 shaky on his
legs as when he first mule his bow to the audience. The
same remark may be made of the performers loonier); their
mechanism is improved, and they walk and gesticulate more
like beings of Bosh and blood. Sometimes,indeed, the aluilion
is complete, and you forget (or the moment that you hare
not living actors before you. The performances seers
similar to those of last season. There was in the first ph,ce
" An Appeal to the Audience; or, the Manager in llifficul-
, ties ;" a dialogue between the manager and Mr. Vamp, au
author, in the course of which several of the principal per-
formers are introduced to give "a taste of their quality."
We were particularly struck with the singing of the
"prima donna," who gave the great air in the "(hue
Lathe" with remarkable: brilliancy and beauty The neat
piece was the amusing burlesque called "The Sixth Act of
Romeo and Juliet." It was folliwed by the pretty bur-
letta, "The Chalet," very nicely acted and sung; and the
evening concluded with • new entertainment by a act of
" Ebony Marionettes," an imitation of the " Ethiopian
Serenaders," and other performances of that description.
The Imitation was perfect ; and some of the music, accom-
panied after the negro fashion, was exceed.ngly characteristic
and pleasing. Tho whole entertainments were received
with great applause.

Alit. LEDIIETTER, the respected Bow-street officer
who was killed by •eab falling over his person on Thursday
night, in !Italic is to be buried thin day in the Crompton
Cemetery. Ile will he followed to the gravo by count of the
surviving members of the old force, and several of the et-
' peneaced °liken of the new police, by all of whom he was
Wetly esteemed.