The Press.
London, England, 1853-11-05 00:00:00

SECOND EDITION.

SA TURDA Y EVENING.
LATEST FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
HOSTILITIES ON THIS DANUBE.
The following official communication was received
yesterday in Vienna from Bucharest, dated Nov.2:—
" Two thousand Turks appeared yesterday at (liar.
gevo, and fired into the town. In a conflict near
Dam many Russians and Turks were killed. The
Turks retreated up the river, and the Russians fol-
lowed them with cavalry awl cannon. At Kalafat
there are daily skirmishes. The Turks respect fo-
reign property under the Austrian flag."
The Vienna Pirate confirms the intelligence of the
arrival of 7,000 Turks at Kalafat, and of the advance
of the left wing of the Tnrkish army, besides $,OOO
of the Turkish reserve from Sophia.
The vanguard, under Nainik l'acha and General
Prins had a serious conflict with 2,5410 Russian
eaval;y, between Kalafat and Krsjowa. The affair
lasted two hours, when the liussiana retreated to-
wards Slating.
The Rospodar of Wallachia, Demetri Stirbey, is
superseded ; he has retired from his principality, and
is already in Transylvania.
The members of the civil courts arc ordered into
the interior, and all offences are to be tried by the
Russian courts-martial.
The Russian battalions posted at Karatje have
been recalled to Krajowa, to which point l'rince
Gortsehakoff has hastened with a considerable force
upon learning that Omer Paella was about to cross
the Danube.
The war with Russia was proclaimed by Izzet
l'acha in presence of the Servian ministers and tligni-
larks at Belgrade, on the 2lst ult.
A letter from Constantinople, in the Culogne
Gazette, says
" There are more than 400,11(X) Turks miller arms. On
the 17th Oct., 17,0110 men left for Tn.birmd. The
Russians have sent considerable Wolk* of troop, into the
Caucasus from Odessa and Sehoultoiml. The check which
the Russians lately received iu the t:aucasios is eoutirmed.
It is positively stated that MOO l'ireaesiaus of different
tribes attacked the Russians in the defiles of Zakartola,
and put them to the rout. Sehatnyl lass, it is said, pro-
mised to Alai Paella a reinforcement of 10,00 o men. On
the 9th the following bodies of troops were ill the neigh-
bourhood of Erzeroum :—:111011 at {Nasal, 10,1510 at bans,
MOO at A rolekschato, at Itattoutn, and at 'l'sehuruksu 1000
regular and 20,0119 irregular troops, making a total of
43,4510 men, in aoldit. to ZOO at Eratenutm itself.
Adding to this ttttt other the treori which have arrived fluor
Syria, there will he an effective force of tWo,falo men."

In Paris rumours of a now eonferewe, having its
beat at London, for the settlement of the Eastern
question, is again revived, and was very prey alert
yesterday. Indeed, the rumour went further
namely, that the question was completely terminated.
On what authority, if any, these reports were founded
was not stated.
A letter from Marseilles states that. the Turkish
fleet in the Bosphorons weighed anchor on the 25th
for the Black Sea.
The French Minister of Marine has ordered a
steam-frigate of the largest sire to be placed on the
stocks, under the name of the lopes-airier Euginie.
She is to be of $OO-horse power, and is to serve as a
model for several other frigates of the same ?Use,
which are to be built at Brest, nt, and Cher-
bourg. It is also stated that another frigate, to be
called the Foudre,is to be built at Toulon. The
screw steam line-of-battle ship the Tourrille was
launched at Brost on the :Ilst ult. She is of MO
horse power, and is one of the nine transformed
vessels, which, according to the report of the Minister,
are to be launched within the nest two or three
months.

The recounts from the south of Ireland, and eve-
chilly from (Wk. give further and ample details of
the recent fearful inundatimi in that city, as well as
In the interior of the eounty. The number of lives
lost ha.• not yet been ascertained, but one report
estimates the death at no less than thirty.

TrsNvsoN, the Poet Laureate, has been started by
the Liberal Association of Students in Glasgow t'ni
remit). as a candidate for the Lord Rectorship for
the ensuing year. The dignity, though conferred by
annual election, is commonly held for two years in
succession ; but the Liberal students are now at-
tempting to break through the precedent, although
the present Lord Hector, the Earl of Eglinton, will
only have completed his first year of office, and wilt
be proposed for re-election.
A Cotunaa's INQUEST sat yesterday at Barham to
investigate the murder of the woman Sturgeon, of
which some particulars are given in another column.
The proceedings were adjourned last night, but
picious circumstances ha% e transpired which have led
to the apprehension of a man named natio, groom to
Mr. l.loodirio, the occupier of the fans, and he is
now in custody.

THE PRESS.

CITY, Two O'clock.

The funds are firm to day. The following are the
closing quotations : Consols, 941 1; Exchequer
Bills, 2 5 premium; Mexican 26 1; Peruvian, 72
; Spanish 441 5, 211 2 def.; Russian 111 114 ;
London and North Western, 103 1 ; Lancashire and
Yorkshire, 041 to 5; Great Northern, 201 to ;
Great Western, Al 1; Midland 61 1; Northern of
France, 331 41; Paris and Lyons, 16 1 ; Strasbourg,
3u I.

THE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS.
(From a Correspondent.)
Now that Turkish forbearance has been strained to
its utmost limit, and the drawl of diplomacy is about
to give way to the onslaught of war, it may not be
uninteresting to catch a glimpse of the regions of
the Caucasus, and to learn somewhat of the struggles
which have been so long pending among a popula-
tion from whom we may expect to obtain no incon-
siderable aid in the approaching contest with Russia.
Unfortunately the sources from which information
is derived, especially as regards the details of the
war, are deplorably scanty and unauthentic. But
still the enterprise of British travellers has not left
us wholly uninformed.
Stretching from the Black Sea to the Caspian, in
a south-easterly direction for some 700 miles, the
mountains of the Caucasus rear in places their snowy
summits far above the level of the loftiest Alps,
though towards the borders of the Euxine their alti-
tude is diminished, and their bluff termination near
the Russian settlement of Anapu does not average
many hundred feet in height. This splendid
mountain chain springs from plains and is intersected
by valleys of the richest fertility, the wild luxuriance
of whose fruits and forests is only matched by the
teeming produce of their flocks and herds. Russian
dominions bound the region on the north, on the
south is the Russian province of (leorgia. The po-
pulation of the Caucasus may be roughly estimated
at between three and four millions. These, however,
are not one in race, in habits, or religion. In the
north-western districts of the range dwell the Circas-
Mans, whose religion is said to be composed of Greek
rites and Mahommedan superstitious; in the centre
is found the tribe of the Tchetchnetzes ; and towards
the Caspian that of the Leoghians. The two latter
are darker-complexioned races, and most fanatical
followers of Mohammed. This profession of faith it
was that gave the Sultans a claim to exercise an
indefinite kind of suzerainty over them—though
even less substantial than that under which the
Porte holds the provinces of Moldavia and Wallachia.
The dominion of the Sultan over the Caucasians in
fact somewhat resembled in its ungubstantiality that
which he pretends to exercise over the Montenegrins,
on the western frontier of the empire. And much as
the Montenegrins objected to the Emperor of Austria,
at the peace of Sistuvo, assigning their country as
a dependency of Turkey, so did the people of the
Caucasus resent the disposal of their territories to
Russia, when the Sultan Mahmond, by the fourth
article of the treaty of Adrilumple in 1e29, consented
to the stipulation " that all the countries which were
situatc4 to the north and east of the line of demar-
cation between the two empires, towards Georgia,
Imeritia, and the tionriel, as well as all the literal of
the Black Sea, from the mouth of the Konbau as far
as the port of St. Nicholas inclusively, should remain
ender the domination of the Emperor of Russia." No
doubt. it was a deplorable prejudice of barbarism
which prevented the Caucasians perceiving the ad-
vantages of that European civilisation which permits
cabineted potentates to transfer countries and sign
away the independency of nations. Certain it is that
the Russian advance,. were met with the unmistakable
welcome of their unerring rifles. And the territory
which 'Russia would fain have added as another re-
crafting field for her motley forces, whence she might
have drawn troops inferior in valour and intelligence
to none, became instead a terrible school fiar her
armies, wherein they might be disciplined by bloody
reverses and barren triumphs.
Marshal Paskiewitsch,whoae distinguished services,
now iu his old age, the Emperor is said again to have
demanded, was the first general entrusted with the
subjugation of these mountaineers. After a length-
ened experience of the country and its inhabitants
he matured an extensive plan for securing its sub-
jection. The Polish war, however, required his pre-
sence elsewhere at that time. Some years afterwards
Oeueral Williamenott was eommantled to carry out
this design, which principally consisted in establish-
ing different routes through the mountains and
securing the communications by a continuous chain
of fortresses. This he endeavoured to perform
aided by an army of '20.000 men ; but when his
forces haul become entangled in the narrow defiles of
the Caucasus, and commanded by the precipitous
heights *hove, the Russian columns were decimated
and driven .back by the murderous fire of their
assailants. This reverse led to greater efforts, and
the tide of Russian soldiery that was poured in for a
time seemed to make some headway, and promised
at first some permanent success.
We cannot retrace the SUCCOthaiTe incidents of the

SATURDAY,

war--suffice it to say that, amidst its vicissitudes,
and after several Russian generals had been ap-
pointed and superseded in turn, the purpose was
unaccomplished ; and the Caucasus remained still
unsubdued. The last great effort was made in June,
1545, when Prince Worouzoff endeavoured to cap-
ture the stronghold of Darga. He attained it, a
hamlet consisting of a few wooden huts, but at the
price of a heavy slaughter in the achievement, fol-
lowed by a worse carnage and rout during his subse-
quent retreat. Twelve thousand men alone could
in the end be mustered out of the joint armies of
Prince Woronzuff and of General Freestay, who
came to his rescue, which originally numbered
54),400. Schamyl Bey was the leader of the
gallant mountaineers in this glorious struggle
for independence. He is of the race of the
Tchetchnetzes, awl greatly influences his mountain
brethren by his appeals to their religious enthu-
siasm. His successes and marvellous adventures
have secured to him extraordinary reverence, as to
one more especially favoured from on high.
Schamyl may be justly considered the Abd-el-Kader
of the Caucasus. At present it is reported that the
Russian army numbers in those quarters about
60,01 W) men, ten squadrons of which are cavalry,
together with a formidable mountain artillery of 180
pieces; besides these must be reckoned the irregular
troops of Georgians and Cossacks, whose collected
forces cannot be less than 10,000 men. The latest
intelligence, by way of St. Petersburg, is conveyed
in the ordinary Russian bulletins of uninterrupted
successes ; for into such have they the happy knack
of transmuting the most disastrous conflicts. We
may safely assert that, within the circled limits
where the cannon of some Russian fort can hurl its
shot, there the Emperor of all the Russias may
claim a superficial dominion ; but beyond this magic
round the jackal cry of Caucasian warfare still rings in
shrill defiance of the Northern Autocrat. And how
long will even this uncertain hold be likely to en-
dure ? The seaboard no longer blockaded by the
Russian fleet, when those of England, France, and
Turkey combined are masters of the Euxine, a
supply of arms and gunpowder, so much required,
will be furnished to the inhabitants—who thus, with
renovated means, animated by European aid and
sympathy, and supported by the armies of Turkey
advancing from Batrum, will soon show us what
achievements can be performed by a nation
thirsting for vengeance and panting to establish their
freedom and independence.

DEATH OF LOAD CLoscranv.—Another of the men
who figured remarkably in the troublous period
which preceded the union between Great Britain and
Ireland has passed to his final account. Lord Clon-
curry died on the 28th ult., at his residence county
Dublin, at the advanced age of eighty years. His
lordship published his own memoirs about four years
ago. From this book and other sources it appears
that lie MIS at all events suspected and openly charged
by the Government of the period (179 e) with being
a disaffected person. lie suffered a long imprison-
ment, but was not brought to trial. In 1803 Lord
Cloncurry was married to the daughter of Major-
General Morgan, and some years afterwards the
lovers of scandal were entertained by a trial for crim.
con., iu which his lordship was plaintiff, and Sir
John Bennet Piers defendant. His lordship ob-
tained heavy damages, and the marriage was dis-
solved. He then married the daughter of Archibald
Douglas, Esq., who died in 1841. Lord Cloncurry is
succeeded in his titles and estates by the Hon. Ed-
ward Lawless, deputy-lieutenant of the county Dublin.
DEATH OF THE Bisiioe OF Danny. A vacancy
has been left upon the Irish Episcopal Bench by the
death of the Hon. and Right Bev. Dr. Ponsonby,
Lord Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, which took place
at the episcopal palace on Thursday week. The de-
ceased prelate was a supporter of the national edu-
cation system, and his political principles were those
of the Liberal party ; but. the natural suavity and un-
obtrusiveness of his manners, and the perfectly un-
biassed mode in which lie exercised his patronage,
were such as to secure for him the esteem of all par.!
tics. His lordship had, for the last few years, been
in delicate health, having arrived at an advanced age.
While he held the dignity of Dean of St. Patrick's
he was a very popular preacher, his pulpit discourses
being remarkable for chasteness and beauty of com-
position, and his appeals to the sympathies of his
audience for the principal charities of the Irish me-
tropolis were found most effective, never failing to
elicit a liberal response. In the year 1826 Dr. Pon-
sonby was elevated to the episcopal bench, having
been then appointed Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfe-
nora. He was translated to the diocese of Derry
in 1831, and on the death of Dr. Bissett he suceeeded
to the see of Raphoo, the two dioceses being united
under the Church Temporalities Act. The income of
the see of Derry was formerly very large, but the late
bishop, on his appointment, consented to a curtail-
ment of the episcopal revenues. which are further to
be reduced to 0,000/. per annum henceforward, in ac-
cordance with the provisions of the Church Temporali-
ties Act.

OVEMBER 5, 1853.

TICRXS OF

15 bt vrtso:

Per Annum ..
italf•Yearly
Quarterly

Y 1 6 0
U 13 U
0 6 6