The Express.
London, England, 1864-10-21 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21.

LORD STANLEY has performed a remarkable
feat in compressing a review of the whole field
of British politics within the limits of a single
speech. There is scarcely a topic which 11;s
address at King's Lynn does not embrace. He
ranges over every quarter of the globe, notices
every order of society, and every school of politics,
and on every subject expresses a definite and
settled opinion. Foreign questions have the first
place in his speech. He rejoices that the House
of Commons declared last July so decisively in
favour of a policy of non-intervention in the
affairs of Europe, and believes that the emcees of
Mr. KINOLAKE'S amendment will mark a new era
in onr diplomacy. He thinks that England's part
in continental politics should be limited to giving
advice unmixed with either threats or pro-
mises, and that even our counsel should only
be offered when we have a reasonable
hope of being able to do good, or cannot in con-
science keep silent. He feels so strongly the
propriety of our strict neutrality towards the belli-
gerents in America, that he will not so much as
express sympathy with either party. As to the
effect of the struggle upon the interests of this
country, he doubts whether, upon a consideration
of all the facts, we are serious losers by the
American war. Respecting the affairs of Italy he
is not so reticent ; he does not hesitate to say that
the Italians would be better employed in balancing
their budget than in preparing to take Venetia.
This subject, however, scarcely belongs to English
politics, since our participation in a war between
Italy and Austria is out of the question. The
same may be said of the possible combinations of
the German States, which Lord STANLEY con-
siders. It is otherwise with the Eastern question,
which he expects to see brought into prominence
before very long. He is decidedly opposed to the
foreign policy of Lord PALMERSTON and Mr.
LAYARD in Turkey, and confesses that "he does
" not understand the determination of our older
" statesmen to stand by Turkish rule, whether
" right or wrong." His opinions on this point are
very strongly expressed. " I think we are making
" for ourselves enemies of races which will very
" soon become in Eastern countries dominant races;
" and I think we are keeping back countries by
" whose improvements we, as the greatest traders
"of the world, shall be the great gainers, and
" that we are doing this for no earthly advantage,
" either present or prospective."
From foreign affairs Lord STANLEY passes to
the Colonies. He entirely approves of the move-
ment in favour of union in British North America.
The Federal system was one of those things which,
when this American war broke out, we were as-
sured had " burst" or " broken down," or in
some other way come to a bad end. The Cana-
dians, however, who ought to know sometb;ng
about it, believe firmly in the principle of Federa-
tion, and Lord STANLEY thinks they are right,
and that the Australian colonies will also bo led
to adopt it. He has no doubt respecting the
future both of Canada and Australia. " We know
" that those countries must before long be inde-
" pendent states. We have no interest except in
" their strength and well-being. We have settled
" the relations of the colonies to the mother
" country ; it is now our work to help them to
" settle their relations with one another." He
does not think that the Australians are
unreasonable in their objections to the re-
vival of transportation to their continent. That
practice can, under any circumstances, be main-
tained for only a few years, for even the Western
Australians are wire to object to it, and whenever that
happens wo must cease to send them convicts. It
would be wiser, therefore, for the British Govern-
ment to yield at once, and declare that henceforth
transportation to Western Australia shall cease.
" They will have to make that concession before
" long, and it is surely wiser and better to do so !
" while wo can do it freely, and with a good
" grace.- Ho looks fur a reform in the arrange-
ments for tho military defence of our colonies. He
thinks it time to say to the colonists in New
Zealand that they are now very well able to take
care of themselves ; that if they let the Maories
alone they are not likely to be d;sturbed again ;
and that under these circumstances we shall leave
them in future t•r tight their own battles. With
equal propriety the settlers at the Cape may be
summoned to provide for their own military de-
fence, instead of looking to us for a garrison, which
is apt to grow into an army. The case of Canada
is different ; with respect to that colony we
are in a position of " great perplexity." If the
Canadians aro involved in war it will be
not of their own choice, but on our account.
The Canadian boundary is the most indefensitde
frontier in the world, and the thinly scattered
population of the colony have had no experience ;
in war. It has lately been the fashion with some
of cur public writers to repeat dogmatically that
if the Canadians find themselves at war with the
United States we shall not send an army to their I
assistance. L ird STANLEY knows better, and re-
fuses to countenance so flippant a treatment of the
subject. He observes that " the case is not one
" in which we can honourably say to the Cana-
" dians, ' Defend yourselves ; it is not onr
" ' affair.' If they were to be brought into a war
" in conseipieneo of a quarrel between England
" and tho l uited States—a war which they had