The Press.
London, England, 1854-04-15 00:00:00

T_I;FRESS.

" stdiness, esf thecinternal ;seqrseasy cefi England (comprising even
" such details aa the weight* atld Merisiti-ei and the state' of (*upside)
" are well known. One weaknetis be had—he foolishly assumed that
"he was by birth a Mortimer. A superficial man might think that this
" showed'tlisiethe people naturally honoured the name of the Mortimer
" blood. A superficial man might say this, we repeat. Yes, such
" might be the view of a superficial man
" The movement begun by this great spirit spread censiderably.
"He assembled followers. He seized Lord Say,. He was ifitent
on
" wholesale reforms—the destruction, of the records' and other mea-
sures which in this boasted age are still incoulletel At ones period,
" doubtless, he hoped to triumph over all opposition, and to establish
" a vast popular Government in England.
" Had Cade succeeded at this point, we should htiviil'Opcaped
" many evils which still ride rampaht in the country. He *child have
" changed the tenure of land. The fopulaeo would have rilrellt away
" all aristocrats--from barons down to yeonreu,—a class .Which one
regrets to observe has held a kind of aristocratic positi..n in its
" day, and had a sort of superiority of the same kind in its humbler
" degree. The land would have lalloninto !parcel% seized, everywhere
"by the agricultural classes. What unfettered prodnction, would
"have followed! What an escape from the trammels of tnidition !
" There would have been no governing classes at all. The families
" which had so long arrogated to themselves the rowers of the
" country must have disappeared. The eifect qf aristocracy as a rist
" framework of bones, determining the shape and order of tke body politic,
" and protecting the internal parts of tree notion's life--(tul exproesion of
" a superficial writer's)—would then have been unknown, or could not
" have been brought forward as a pretext for denying wholesale
" reforms. But it was not to be! Tyranny 'aml treagrin- were too
" potent, and Cade was put to death. But the spirit of Cade could
" not be killed. It is still alive, and walks the earth
The last assertion of Mawker, we observe, has been marked
" true " by our contributor ; but at this point the paper is torn, and
a stain of double-Gloucester too clearly hints the destiny of the
remainder of the chapter.
Here Mawker drops Mat point. 1110 Y
to 4f.i.st 41
ozuoY
PROPOSED NEW IMPRINT TOR A CERTAIN GOVERNMENT ORGAN iorP,T
Loudon: Printed and published by Wittaor ifasatsox
Mter, of No. 1, rrintiag-house-squaro, at the CL!
readon Press. .
to too Gt nuitttoon
"eialia- Nil 1

,

out enjoying any of its results. Meanwhile th
Governor-General appears to be acting so as t
deprive the community of all the commercial advan-
tages of the cotintry. It is well known that the
higher districts about Ave are those which produce
wheat in the greatest sbundaneei wbereas the lower
districts abound in rice. In the face of this„, and in
direct opposition to the first pnncipleir trade,
orders have been issued to the Collector of CiiiKems
at Meeaday (the frontier station) that nu rice shall
pass beyoud that post in the direction of Asa. This
order, virtually putting a stop to all trade between
the British possessions and those of the King of Ava,
sufficiently stamps the capacity of our free-trade
Governor General—the appirant, for the post so
worthily (?) filled by his Gamaliel, Lord Aberdeen.
I may mention, fbr the benefit of the Court of
Directors, that one consequence of this order will be
the importation of wheat and ether grains into this
country from Bengal at a vast expense to their con •
stitnetits. ' ' I
Lord Dalhousie his, however," *SAO lnio move—
in direct, perhaps intentie. egeoeition ko that of
Lord Ellenborough in I 34. thh troops
were removed from Kumla to Umbelle., in our (sign
provinces, Lord Elleaborough issued au order facili-
tating the erection of bowies at the new station.
Now that troops are being sent to Thyet Mew and
Meeaday—in, comparatively speaking; en enemy's
country—Loud Dalhousie has nomad orders that no
facilities whatever are to be granted to officers in
building houses : the consequence is, that in a country
where materials are scarce (owing to the measures
ri
of (government), and labour dear, lievernmeat ,has
monopolised all, leaving their officers without shelter
and uuabls to procure any. It is timo, indeed, that
the present red-tapist who, we learn from Ms friend
Mr. Marshman, aspires to rule her Majesty's *Ma-
eda were replaced by a statesman.
It is stated on good authority, both from Paris and
Berlin, that there is no truth whatever in the re-
ported regal of Chevalier Bunsen from London. It
appears, however, that a special mission is about to
be sent to London, on which Prince Barclay de Tolly
will be despatched by the Ling of Prussia.
The Prussian Government has sent back the draft
of the treaty of alliance hampered with conditions
Which, if accepted, would defeat its purpose, and
bind Austria to neutrality. The Austrian tallinithas
refused to agree to them. ji
3 : ").1 ads tsi/.

sl,li


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350

pervirer.

The reported battle in the Dobrudscha is `said to
be liatitious, or at all events an exaggeration based
upon some trifling skirmishes.
Constantinople was illumina•ed on the sth to cele-
brate a victory over the Russians. St. Petersburg
wos also illuminated on the tird, and a Te helms
chanted in the Winter Palace in celebration of the
advantages gained by Prince GortsChakoff over tite
Turks.

•
The Mike of Cambridge and 'Lord Raglan, after
dining at die Tuileries, on Wednesday',visiteld the
Italian Opera in Paris, to witness the representation
of the Vestals and the ballet of Jovita. " God sere
the Queen" was peefbrmed by the band,' the audience
standing and uncovered ; at the close of which the
anthem was loudly encored, amidst repeated, cries pf
Vivant les Angie's!" " Viva PEmpereur !" The
whole scene was animating in the extseme.
Prince Napoleon has arrived at Marseilles, on his
way to the East.
Advices from Marseilles state that Admiral Benet
was about to be sent out to replace Admiral Hathahn
in the Black Sea, tbr the purpose of giving Admiral
Dundas the chief coairnend of the combined fleets ;
while General St. Arnaud was to have the superior
direction of the land forces.
Xt.
44vices from St. Petersburg of the Nth instant
state that a ukase declares that, as danger threatens
the empire, it is ordered that the four reserve bat-
talions become effective, and that two new ones be
organised for each corps.
All travellers are forbidden by the Russian authori-
ties to cross the frontier. A messenger, bearing a
Swedish passport, visedhy M. de Budberg, having
been permitted to pass, was seat back.
The Hanoverian Government goes most decidedly,
with England, and is ready to support Austria ,
against Prussia, should the Itaiitern question come
before the Federal Diet. All the secondary and
minor German Governments, except Bavaria, are of
the same mind, and will being the. suilieet hefpre
the Diet, should not Prussia shortly agree to abandon
its neutrality.
An Austrian. note has been forwarded tes Athens
with strong remonstrances upon the conduct of the
Greek Goverrittfeht, Which is held responsible for.
whatever evil consequences may ensue.
•
The Pacific, with a United States mail of the 2nd
instant, and 170 passengers, reached Liverpool yes-
terday. There was no political news. The Washing-
ten Union, an official organ, predicted a war with
Spain. Commerce was dull. Breadstuffs, cotton,
and freights were all lower, and stooks depressed
and gloomy.

The y.eeting of the Royal Mail Steam-packet
Corupanj was held on Thursday. The report of
the directors showed that the company's ships have
a registered tonnage of 41,481 tops, with 10,800
horse.power, and that they have a vessel in the
conrse of construction of 1,850 tons and 4(X) horse-
se. : •
II • FROM THE 1.01111 ON G-AZETTE.
Tuesday, April 11.
BANKRUPTCY ANNUT,LBD.—Wtr.t.itat Mourn, Ludlow,
Shropshire, innkeeper.
BINRItU PT S.-, HENRY JESSE, Basin getOlice„
corn factor—Tnefeks limner End Wtm.tEst Bisnoe, White
Ulm-street. Bishogsgoits, huilders—Enwasn Bivr, King Wil-
liam, street, City, watchmaker—EDWAßD CARTER, Murray-street,
Hotton,builder--Wi.Jonst WARD, Folkstone, Kent, innkeeper—
COMMIES JAMES ItATTIIEWS, LYOOIIIII Theatre, Strand, lessee
—4l-LINED GUY, Upper Roseumn-street, lamp niannfacturer—
BiNNETT ALFRED BURTON and HSNRY MI/I:TIMER BURTON,
John's-place, Sesthirark, engineers—Wu. EnwAtine limper:two,
St. Stephen's, Cornwall, coal merchant—TEmits Scuortm.o
sud Scitori*J.n, Rochdale, Lancashire. cotton spinners.
SCAT(' SEQU HST RATION S.—Gwo he a FINLAY, GINIIROW,
Mrtne merchant —At.xxxxiuta itiosEtesom, Wick, Seeker—
DAtiIEL NVEWAN, Glasgow, cabinetmaker GEOROE
.LANG,
Baillieston, Lanarkshire. cattle dealer.
Friday, April' 14.
BANNRUP'FB.—Twomas MINUET, Coleman,street, licensed
vievialler—llENUY A NSTICY and WILLIAM WATOON, Birmingham,
drape, ti—JENEs RIRDEN. Cornwall, draper-14;:81RE I.EUI.OND,
JIL
Sonthwark-bridge-read, hat mantifeeturer— ILLIAM HURRY
DIN, 91, Fleet-street, auctioneer-110 stn av ROBERTa, Liverpool,

tailor.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.—MOMAS REST, Aberdeen,
merchant —ANGUS MAORI:00R, M.D., Edinburgh—Witi.uot
SHAw, Kileyth, manufacturer—Houma GRAFI at, Glasgow,
boardiug.house keeper—Curiae', MACFARLANE, and Co., Glasgow,
coattelevion merchants.
IT is estimated that the amount of duty paid upon
tea since the 6th inst. in London, Liverpool, Bristol,
ire., reaches to the sum of half a million sterling.
As the Royad Shepherdess was leaving her moor-
ings at Adelaide for London, on the Ist of February,
she got in collision with three boats containing gold-
dust in boxes value 27,0001., and a bag of 500
sovereigns. Tile boats were capsized, and the trea-
sure sunk. The gold-dust was recovered, hut the
bag of sovereigns sank so deep in the mud that it
could not be found.

THE PRESS.

PREPARATIONS FOR WAR.

•
TEE
Lord Raglan and the Duke of Cambridge left
London on Monday evening for the Ea§t. Their
aides-de-camp and several officers o 1 the staff ;ra-
velled with theM. The royal carriage had been
prepared en the South-Eastern Railway ; and, Amidst
the cheers of a numerous body of spectators, site two
generals departed en route for I'ans. Reaching
Dover before midnight, they shortly afterwards em-
barked on beard the is which they crossed
the Channel, A special train then conveyed them
from p*lais to Paris, where they ,took up their abode
for two days ft, the British Embassy, receiving all
fitting attention from the Empeivr Nipoleon, and
dining at the Tuileries' on Tuesday and Wednesday.
On the latter day his Royal Highness and Lord Rag-
lan'were present at a review in the Champ de Man.
They left Paris next day; and were expected at Mar-
seilles this (Saturday) afternoon, where the Curadoe
has been in waiting to convey them to the Emit.
The route for use departure of the service compa-
nies of the llith was received on Tuesday at the
Tower, and hailed witivienionstrations of satisfaction
by the men. This proem is nearly 1,300 strong,
exclusive of non-commissioned grocers sad the band;
850 of these will proceed,to the East, leaving a strong
reserve of 450, mostly l'eßruits, at home. The head-
quarter3'of the regiment, consisting of 650 bayonets,
comtnanded by • Lieutenatt-Volonel Nutt, will pro-
ceed for its destination onday next.
The Bth Inniskilling-Dregoone took their depar-
ture from Leeds on Tuesday morning, en route for
the East, yhia man left is excellent spirits. This
is one of' the the 'proceeding .o the seat
of war diroughs ranee.. • * ,
The Govaraineat haw taken 'up 'tire new ship
JadiTa,.4ooipgiNaqol gelner4l Screw Steam, Com-
pany, to carry troops to the, Mediterrianean. 'She has
fti capacity of 2,500 tons, with 300-horse power. By
the fittings now in progress there wilb be room for a
'full cavalry regiment, with pSO. horses, besides 1,500
lone of coal. The -rhineei of 2,700 tons and 000-
ticuffer,'-betohr4 alto to the General Strew

ale° to tne
Company, just lannoh.kl a 4 Blackwell, will be ready
for sea and in the employtnent of the Government
in six weeks.
A vast quantity of tents and other requisites for
eneampinent-of au army have been taken out of
the stores in the Tower, and conveyed to the railway
station, to be forwarded to Portsmouth for shipment
to the Mediterranean.
The officers of Ordnance have contracted for the
supply of 1,000 tons of coals to be forwarded to Gal-
lipoli for the use of the army.
An order has been issued that the troops of the
expeditionary force are to be each provided with a
pair (4 spare soles and heels, to be carried in their
knapsacks, and captains of companies are to see that
the necessary cobbler's tools are supplied to the
companies.
Accounts from Malta show that the military autho-
rities there are bestirring themselves, :uid the trans-
port service is in full activity with the aid of the
steam fleet.
'the 44th Regiment and three companies of the
50th were despatched for the East on the sth in the
l'u/can. The 93d Highlanders, together with seve-
ral officers of the commissariat and medical staff,
left on the Bth in the Kangaroo. The Ardent, tow-
ing the Georgiana, which has on board the women
of aU the regiments, •besides mules, horses, and pro-
visions, followed on the 9th.
The Cyclops and the Vesuvius, with the 28th
Regiment and two companies of the 50th, were then
ready to go to sea. The Himalaya and Indus were
also ready to sail, and will transport the 4th and 38d
Regiments without loss of time.
Detachments or the 30th, 40th, 50th, and 77th
Regiments have arrived in Malta.
The French steamer Asmodie has also arrived
there with 1,000 men on board.
A grand review took place at Malta, on the 4th
instant, on the Florian paradaground, but, owing to
the very limited space, no evolutions were possible,
the work being limited to passing round in battalions
in quick time and in order of review. About 9,000
men were on the ground.
THE FLEETS.
Admiral Napier was in Copenhagen during the be-
ginning of the week, sad had an interview with the
King of Denmark.
Res:Admiral Plumridge, with an advanced squad-
ron, consisting of Leopard (flag), Impirieuse, Tri-
bune, and Dauntless, was sent forward to the Gulf
of Finland, on a cruise of observation. News of the
breaking up of the ice in that direction was said to
have been received. On the 11th inst. Admiral
Napier, having closed his conference with the Danish
Government, rejoined the fleet in Kioge Bay. On
Wednesday last, the 12th, despatches from Rear-
AdMiral Plumridge were brought by the Dauntless,
on receipt of which the admiral, with nearly his
whole fleet, instantly sailed up the Baltic. The

E

SATURDAY,

Austerlitz, French steamship, accompanied. Three
small vessels only trete) left lu Kitige Bay. The
Dauntless is said to have seen eighteen Russian
ships-ofthe-line Svaburg harbour.
The latest intelligence from the Black Sea fleet
was brought by the Cyclops, which arrived at Malta
ob the Ttti in**, to the following effeet allied
fleets ranched. Kavarna Bay on the,26th ult. Eight
line-of-bjutle Ships (French) Were at anchor in line
to the east Of Verna, flanked by six etearners. Far-
ther east were ten line-of-hattle ships (English),
with six steamers on their flank.
All the marines from the fleets were to be landed
to protect Varna.
Before the Cyclops left the fleet Admiral Dundas
is reported to have made a signal "to take, burn, or
dektroy everything Russian."
The plans of the admirals were still secret, but it
was generally supposed that no considerable opera-
twit will be attempted before the arrival of the land
forces. The weather was splendid.
The admirals are stated to have maintained an un-
intermitting watch over Sebastopol, awl to have
assured themselves that the Russian ships have
never stirred from that harbour since the combined
fleets entered the Black Sea.
Rear-Adtniral Bruce, recently returned front the
coast of Africa,' will, it Is stated, shortly hoist his flag •
as commander-in-chief of a light squadron for the
protection of the trade and ports of the northern and
north east coasts. _ _

A great number of hand dark lanterns have been
purchased in Constantinople for the use of the taut,
and a quantity of grappling-irons are being forged
at smithy established at Buyukdere.
The Admiralty have ordered from a house at Bir-
mingham an increased supply of Dr. Thompson's
signal-lamps for the use of the Baltic and Black Sea
fleets. A new signal-book has been published to ac-
company these lamps, by which all ships can se freely
communicate by night as by day.

RUSSIAN ASPIRATIONS.
Is a lively account of Russia, written in 1848, by one
of the most piquant of French wanderers after anec-
dote—M. Marnuer—the traveller chanced to make
one of a country party, in the neighbourhood of Mos-
cow. They were in the grounds of a young romance-
writer, and several poets were present- One of these
recited the following dithyramb addressed to England,
which excited the utmost applause, and seemed to
come home, says Marmier, to the hearts and feelings
of the whole assembly. At the present moment, as
an index of Russian sentiments, it has an especial
value :
TO EitiOIAND.

-
" IbLtiD of pomp and of wonder. the ornament of the uni-
verse, the fairest emerald in the diadem of the seas—
Terrible guardian of liberty, conqueror of every foe, the
ocean spreads around thee the immensity of its
waters ;
Although unfathomable, boundlese, the enemy of the earth,
it is yet humble and submissive to thee, and looks on
thee with love.
Country of holy liberty—land fortunate and blessed—what
• life is in thy innumerable populations; what glory in
thy rich plains !
Heir beautiful on thy forehead is the crown of sciences—
' ' how noble and vigorous the songs which thou soundest
• to the universe !
Glittering with gold, radiant with thought thou art
happy; rich, full of luxury and of thought.
Nations the most (indent turn towards thee their timid
eyes, and ask of thee the laws Which thou mayst pre-
iielibe to their destiny.
But, because though art perfidious—because thou art
haughty—because thou attest earthly glory above the
judgment divine—
Because, with sacrilegious hand, thou haat chained the
church of (lad to the foot of au earthly and fleeting

throne—
A day will arrive to thee-0 ! Queen of the Seas—and
that day is not far distant in which thy glory, thy gold,
and thy purple, will vanish like a dream.
The lightning will be extinguished in thy hands—thy
sword will °ease to shine—and the gift of enlightened
thoughts will be taken from thy children.
*And, forgetful of thy imperial banner, the waves of the
ocean will bound anew—free, capricious, and re.
sounding.
And God will choose an humble nation—full of faith and
of miracles—to confide to it the destinies of the
universe, the lightning of the earth, and the voice of
heaven."
Who this " humble nation" is requires no great
penetration to discover. Marmier adds that the
same idea was prevalent everywhere in Russia—in
the saloon and in the cottage. The universal nation
believed that they had a mission to regenerate the
world and to command mankind. As may be seen,
it is not merely against the Eastern nations that this
mission is directed, but against the West—and
against England in particular. However absurd it
may seem for a people who have to regenerate them-
selves long before they can regenerate the world, to
entertain such a notion, it exists in full force, not-
withstanding it has bad its part in provoking the
present contest, and, doubtless, will have its part in
maintaining it.

APRIL 15, 1854.

yittraturt.

HUNGARIAN HISTORY.
History of the Protestant Church in Hunyary.
Translated by the Rev. J. Craig, D.D., of
Hamburg. With an Introduction by J.
H. Merle D'Aubigne, D.D. London: Nisbet
and Co.

HUNGARIAN literature, for more reasons than
we have here space to indicate, is peculiarly
unsatisfactory. The variety of races and
languages, and the difficulty of finding trust-
worthy expositors of its social condition
amongst a discordant community, involve in
much confusion the annals of that highly-
interesting portion of Europe. Between the
histories of Hungary to our own time and of
Ireland from the Reformation to the "Union"
in 1801 there is considerable analogy. Each
country was annexed to a superior monarchy,
preserving an existence, free in its nominal
pretensions, but subordinate practically to its
more powerful neighbour. In both could be
traced an "ascendancy," while the aboriginal
populations, discontented and disunited, ex-
pended in vain uprisings the gallantry that,
under better political circumstances, should
have founded a state. In both countries, also, the
rebels affected the language of loyalty, and,
partly from their geographical positions, influ-
enced by the very peculiar aspects which civili-
sation took in each, they both remained for cen-
turies always struggling and always subaltern
—chafing against authority, and contentious
within—leaving behind desultory efforts, fruit-
less conspiracies, and national failures. The
" patriots" of both countries, also, present a
stronger genuine resemblance than we are
called on to specify. The feat which an un-
known personage performed of " selling the
pass" at the siege of Limerick has been per-
formed, more than once, with far greater
effect in Hungary. Suffering alike from civil
and religious discord, both countries have also
grievously smarted under self-elected leaders—
vaporous and vaunting, traders on their coun-
try's wrongs, embarking for gain or vanity on
the passions of the people, whom they ruled
to their ruin. An Irish poet of the last cen-
tury (Drennan), from whom Sir Robert Peel
once quoted (with praise) in the House of
Commons, and from whom Moore more than
once borrowed (without acknowledgment),*
addressed the country, which he first called
" The Emerald Isle," in a couplet which gives
a key to Hungarian and Irish history
Hapless nation ! hapless land!
Heap of uneetitenting saad!
And when the reader looks at the table which
we extract from the appendix to the singularly
dull volume before us, he will at once see what
" a heap of uncementing " elements are in
Hungarian society, and how difficult it would
be to indicate a motive force which could as-
similate into genial incorporation such repug-
nant materials. In religion Hungary is thus
divided :

POPrLATION or HUNGARY.
According to Religion.
Roman Catholics ..
United Greek Church 1,322,344
Lutherans
Reformed Church
Unitarians
Greek Church (not united)
Jews 244,035
-----

Total 12,t480,408
But it is in its languages that the discor-
dant points of the constitution are far more
plainly seen :
According to Languages.

Hungarian
Slavonian
German
Wallachians
Croatians
Raitzians
Shohatzians
Wends
Bussniaks
Bulgarians
French ..........................
Greek 5..........................
Armenian 5.....................
M0ntenegrian5..................
Clementines ....................
Jew 5............................

4,812,759
1,987,256
1,278,677
2,202,542
888.079
828,305
429,808
40,864
442,903
12,000
6,150
5,680
3,798
2,M°
1,600
244,035

Total ......12,880,406

't* Vide Drennan s slough.'