The Press.
London, England, 1853-07-30 00:00:00

LONDON, SATI'RD4.I", JULY 30, 1

WE regret to state that the private Recounts
received from Vienna are of the most unsatis.
filetory description with respect to the state
of affairs in the East of Europe. The readers
of the Par.ss will hardly be surprised by this
announcement, however much they may de-
plore it. It is now quite evident that Russia
has outmanoeuvred the Western Powers.
What we most lament at this moment, and
what most alarms us, is the ultimate conse-
quence of these baffled negotiations on the
relations between this country and France.
Had we acted upon our first engagement with
our neighbours, the Pruth would probably not

have been passed ; but we believe it will turn
out that our own Government have never been
two days of the same opinion throughout this
long crisis. Lord JOH% RUSSELL talks very
loudly of the complete agreement between
France and England. It m (add have been as
well if there had been a complete agreement
among his own colleague s.

•
AMID the convulsiona of '4B—the Onset,"
of the Orleanista uprooted, the Austrian mn-
pire in dissolution, Prussia governed by nabbs,
the petty 6017111111 princes utterly confontided,
and Italy in insurrection—Lord JOHN HUME 1.1.,
then Prime Minister of Englan4, declared,
amid the 'solemn approbation of of
Commons, that 'there were three countries
superior to all' these awful vicissitudes, and
commanding the ,cespeet" of an: skinned and.
agitated World. Thom ...thive • countries, he
added, wire RIAIMA, U*'ICAD STATES, and
ENGLAND. • • 1

Lord4olef RUREIELL Aid not observe that this:
atabilit and Pre-eminenci of ' these three
great States arose from iheir each representing
a distinct. and powerful ptineiple ;
111:seoviam, Ifsmoenticy.!.;.tinit ARISTIWItAcY ;
each principleadniiitobly and einupletely
adapted to.the ehttiumstanees with which rt:-
speetively it has to deal..
A country in extent one seventh of the tot‘
restrial globe, thinly populated by rude
the greater portion of theta hi 'the eonilitionllc
serfs, finds the best seseurityfiir the progress;
of civilisation, and. for the • w ell-11(4w of the
masses, in the unity of the Sovereign Power?.
Incapable themselves of self-government, tite
supremacy of a nobility would reduce I!FiIsAL
to the former state of Poland. The de4otisfiti
et the (!gaf, ihtrelbre. it the tit4l of tali:Stitt',

'r

,
Again, the UNITED STATEs we 11 MI an 4111
mituble wilderness of rich larval, nut peopleg by
savage aborigines. as. ruiner 5114• II ell' etllll-
- might ho antieipated, but, by men
educated in all the experience of all
and highly-civilised country. Brought up in
freedom, colonists in II NMI without, tradition.
without classes, without. institutions, with no
pauperism, no publie debt, no treaties, ex-
empt from all the responsibility which attends
old etnumunities, the citizens of the UNITED
STATES acknowledge tau other limit, to their
energy and their enterprise than the will of
the majority : and. as the will of the majority
can in that eutmtry encounter no superior in-
fluenee, the will of the majority is their rat
tional fount of government.
Considering that we speak the same lan•
gunge, profess the same religion, and acknow-
ledge the same laws, it. is difficult to conceive
at stranger or at stnanger contrast than exists
between the elements of !ftwiety in our own .1
country and in the United States. Here,.
most. complieateat: there, singularly simple.
Here, the eoexistence of at limited but still
powerful immunity, a rich bientrehy. a true
nobility, large munieipal privileges. and, in-
stead of serfs, an enfranchised people, seem,
at the first glance. to mewled us with discord
and frequent change. Yet we have tempered
alp these influences by a wise and well-digested
deference to the aristocnitic principle, and
have stieeeeded, by its aid, an reeoneiling
order with liberty, and orthodoxy with tolera-
tion.

A real aristocracy eau only be establiAten
on the' land. Men will not eheerfttlly der .r to
great proprietors whose property is not visible.
The possession of land has at all times brought
with it. ais much of iluty as enjoyment, mid it.
is cho
ear property hi which hll mdn take-tut
hit& '- They willingly Record Tower, 16nil;
et/en It vilege, to that. which, in the very ne
OfewifY of things, must be held for the common
good. .
The aristoeraer of England is now the 'only
,one -that is left. There are in other countries
bodies of Illeft• itho . rail themselves aristocra-
eies; hut they are. in fact, only bits of 'ribbon,
preeions stews, and :pluines of feathersi' pin.
Manners; even More thanouir laws; have made
the aristoeMey of this 'country mainly.rest'on
;fife land.' lits:possessiOn'aing'free. atareasilj-
fittainableramis pro‘liar-by thh utoobt.r xif teon-.
teidertible e-states atlivlt3•s' in the nlitrket,-.the .4c-
eumulatod fortunes ordvbry' iwcies. of",tor;
priSchavdtheeta det)aittiA'siii,• the .Steiil7: The
greatest names of imtnufacittring:liinesglhire,'
'NEL Ilia MUM' II IMIT. 11111‘0, ifi Vet(i VII illit'ir.
Capita(' hi. .the e land. In • oar oWn time . the
prinee of.firitish merchatits has stepped out,
of his _counting-house in I DiShopsgate=ritreet.
and. purehasittg estate's:A*4lo)st every cotiply.
has founded one of the.Vcilltqaest. peerages in
our golden book. Thefhtmking treasures of
Lombard-street, repose tinder:the coronets of
Losmissonoec it, of t'A 111 Val is . :11111 (if 'OV E It-
itToNX. :The only great inall'whom the Stiiek
Exchange has producelti Mr.,ift...00.9, divitied -
his million among three: VOWlffie's,...nd -fothirretE
three parliamenta ay families:. .
Yet it is this aristoefraiey:::tri-e* and poit*.
-and which, in tact. s4tritiiiii4 :its. influence hy'
absorbing another a ristkfiraek a S—whose utki=,!
rilY it is ,the intentiOicefileootdiVtg to cutikeui;:
of Sir 'JAI, Es I ; ItAlWr Ann: lkor4l 'Joss liesskis.t.
'to nail •tuid diminialibit tVlia.fik styled a ne*.
'Reform Bill, W. lawanti.f.ly bail '.'2^Won-
, .

‘e4,14:,

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intact. the present arrangement. their due
share. We shall recur to this torte. though
M(' Mill lint now thVl'll 1111011 it. Now. indeed.
we will ottly express our Hope that. it' the time
of political Convulsion again '4am+ round, 110

present tanal►ering with tho oxist► rrittit. prinei•
ill our eottstit itt will pr►•wut. a t'uttu►•
Nlitti•ter from plavitig England in the proud
eittahu.ste of those cittintries that ►left/ thn•
revol lit ionary storm

imue.vriox I'HISIS IN MP:LAND.
Willi!: the quitlnnurse avert' discits,:ing why
i.oril ST. I:11M %NS SO Suddenly left his post at
Dublin. the electrie telegraph. on Thursday.
brought the jstartling intelligenee that the
Archbishop of Drittis,tuttl two Privy Coon •

eillors or Ireland. Ilarou tlut..F.Nn and Mr.
111.A43c1unsr.. had simultaneously resigned
their seats at the " National Board of Eiluva-
tiOTl." Tllt* !WI% N. IveciVe'll Ht first with illere•
dulity. was confirmed by subsequent intelli
genee.

For our own part. *warn of .►ll tits•

recent extriumlinary proceedings tending to
establish at Romanist ascendancy in the
" National Board," we felt that. the resignation
of the Archbishop Of Drams and Mr. IttAets-
ticast: would only lea question of time. We
admit. however, that we were meareely priliaivit
10 find that. the Romanist progress to ascen-
dancy has been so undisguised and ilecele-
rated itt4 to eompel narim t Iltr.ll,NE to, girt/ up'
iiif. dispositigh -,to eompromise, MI.. peremp-
torily to retite. , -.•1 • / - I'
1,4111. ABEHIMEN :may, uor 600_4 Itt hr :qL,
ill, prospect of destr4aug Ayhat4ovs a
.vll l
‘o,
friends 'had always proclaimed- as a " Intitig
landmark. at Lord l*Ettnris 'fame.- li'qr itt4tily
a quarterioE a century:the system of" national
eduention,7 , devised ntlder • groat 'difficulties,
bus grail! ly advanced to signal success.
4,„;,„.,,,, „,. P most. remarkable of its triumphs
has been 4the recent • conversion of so pro-
minent att.:opponent 'as the !Winn Ilni •
;rersity Mage;bll,• which ,in its number .for •
..I,tgad cods Ina
,a riftvarkahle article with .
,in,or.t. eitriouut velaong as to the oodax
'foocronili by felt' the '1101)4*.4 Legate, I'. rI.
Ii( '4-1.1.E5, has. established tyi''" fookr Krinovo •
IffriNg." and banished frden popular circulation
iu Ireland eilneational ,werks stamped with
the approlaithoi. not inanely ll,f such *guinea
il'rotestants as the A rehhishop of, 1./I:81.1,4 and
IMT. lii.AcseraNr. hut also of, such distin-
iguished !Immo'. 'ittfiolies "as die late' Ara),
ilbiebep All'ltltA li
Y anal the Right: on. A.' '
!BLAKE. The gruity of.tkis crisis is lies
in. the filets, that lint 141401• flow 11;1,S10.;,
1a• -I ant and 11-1,7 10 lt(Millli Cut,lloli4l chilikett
13:1‘1* 6'4'11 in the presptit.' year reeei,vitto edtt-
..at ion under the' Weird. BefOr M d ut rivets,
well might Ile. t Illsrstu; flip' Mellott of oi,sory,
piliilit that - such 4 state•of things wind(' be
j" ill 1.013.11}.9•41 tin' the darkness and 1101141111 W
which Waillid,peNult from educatitm being yirro
1.• firer filhlocetr. IVA, iiriests ;" aml after the m-
admisaiou koru .31r. flAmusos m , the me rent
r for the I Tiiiversi)y of !paid's', that the
'Tritional systelit may flow be regarded as or a,
' oft& institutionsOf Ireland:to wind' it 1,,
, "rendered 1-,.•ry impg..l laic ot.itiito aut.,' ..
i

r • en 4fl

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290

sturdy an antagonist as the University Maga-
zine has strong reasons for modifying its
views.
Now, however, just as the system has proved
successful, its destruction is threatened by the
priestly allies of the Coalition itself. Already
have they raised the whoop of exultation at
the progress to ascendancy they have made
under the Premiership of an ABERDEEN,
and the Viceroyalty of a ST. GER-
MANS. They count a list of victories
accumulating almost daily. To the pressure
of the law upon the soldiers who repelled, they
have added impunity to the priests who pro-
voked, massacre. The elevation of a Soli-
citor-General of " So help me God, &c.," noto
riety, over the heads of so many eminent bar-
risters, Catholic and Protestant (we may
instance Sergeant CHRISTIAN, Mr. BERWICK,
Mr. Hyenas, and Mr. DEASY, all of them of
" liberal" politics), has now been followed up,
as we showed a few weeks since, by a system
of appointment to Crown offices, on account
of electioneering services rendered exclusively
to the instruments of the priesthood. And
now, under a Viceroy who for►nerly prosecuted
O'CONNELL, but in more recent times wrote a
pamphlet excusing Cardinal WISEMAN, the
priests have obtained the greatest triumph of
all, the imminent destruction of a system
which the Earl of ABERDEEN described as " the
" greatest blessing ever conferred upon Ire
" land," a system which we believe he will not
save, but will utterly subvert, if his home policy
corresponds with his foreign, and be remains
as consistently submisitive to the minions of
the Pope as he is complaisant and capitulating
to the emissaries of the Czar.

THE CASE OF THE CABMEN.
IN the fever of its recent hurried legislation
Parliament has interfered with the public con-
veyances of London, deciding on the rate of
payment and inflicting summary punishment
on the refractory driver. It is presumed that
the plea of " public convenience " admits of
no discussion, and that submission must be
complete and unrepining : the cherished
maxims of the day are abandoned, redress is
denied, competition prohibited ; and we are
told " a cabman once a cabman is no more a
free trader, but a public servant." True, we re-
ply ; but he is not a slave, and there is no law to
compel him to ply an unprofitable trade. The
situation of the London cabman is contrasted
by the contemporary whose words we have
quoted with that of the driver of the
Parisian fiacre ; and we are told that here
his stand in the streets is given him by
the public, whereas in Paris he pays for it.
Our first answer Is, that we are not in Paris,
whore there never was the slightest regard for
individual freedom under any regime, but in
London. We next remark, that the dues exacted
from the Paris cabmen are paid to the muni-
cipality of Paris, and not to the State ; also,
that the management of the police and of the
public vehicles in that metropolis rests with
the magistracy of it, and that the sys-
tems of the two cities are radically different.
We would also remind our readers that the
municipality of Paris enjoys privileges, prero-
gatives, and monopolies which, if but a small
part were claimed by the livery of London,
would become the subject of the daily invec-
tives of all our popularity-seeking contem-
poraries ; and we may state a doubt, by the
way, whether it might not be desirable that all
matters relating to the police of our great
towns should be similarly entrusted to the
hands of the local magistracy rather than be
subjected to the vexatious interference of Par-

liam ent. •
To return, however, to the cabmen. We do
not justify combinations, unions, and leagues
among particular bodies and classes to coerce
the Legislature ; but we cannot help thinking
that persons injured by its enactments are

THE PRESS.

justified in having recourse to the only method
b)• which their wrongs can be redressed. "No
class," says our contempoiury, " whose occupa-
tion is a necessity to the metropolis has a
right to desist without previous notice." We
answer, no class in the metropolis can be com-
pelled to work for the convenience of the
public to their own detriment. " Why," asks I
the same powetful and persevering enemy of
the cab-drivers, " why, if they were injured,
have they not adopted some rational mode of
pleading their cause? why have they not re-
monstrated in some regular constitutional
fashion ?" What means, we reply, have they of
doing so? and because they can wrangle for
their fares (as they are charged with doing), is
that any proof that they can draw up state-
ments of their wrongs upon constitutional
principles, with a prospect of redress, at this
period of the session, from the hasty or tyran-
nical decisions of the Legislature?
Their treatment is this, and we put it on the
front of their case. At a moment when the
price of labour is universally rising, by the
operation of the law of supply and demand,
you depreciate the price of their labour by
direct enactment. If, on the other hand, you
rest this enactment on the decrease in the
price of provender, what security have you
that this will remain as at present, or
rather have you not every reason to suppose
that it will rise considerably higher? These
considerations are generally applicable to the
restrictions of the new act. The particular
grievance, as appears from Mr. FITZROY'S
reply to a question in the House, is, not the
reduction to sixpence a mile, but the
absence of any remedy, under the new act,
against a long fare to some distant spot,
whence uo back fare can be expected. It is
the long journey right on end, with half a
dozen whole miles and only one fraction, with
no chance of a back fare, that does up horse
and man, say the proprietors. Then why, it is
said, has not this been stated and urged reason
ably and in good humour?
Why, we are rather inclined to ask, (lid not
the honourable framers of the bill condescend
to inform themselves as to the different bear-
ings of the case for which they were legislating?
And why did not those other honourable gen-
tlemen in the same House who passed the bill
examine its provisions before doing so? If I
Parliament undertook to legislate on a point
too minute, some will say, for its jurisdiction,
all the merits of the case should have been
carefully examined ; and, if it undertook to
legislate between the cabman and the public,
it should also have taken into consideration
the relations of the cabman with his master.
The cabman, we are informed, pays fifteen
shillings to his employer, and is furnished
with his vehicle and a pair of horses. Ac
cording to the present rate of payment he must
consequently drive, in an extreme ease, thirty
miles before he can pay his master. We do
not see, with this heavy tax, how he is to he
remunerated fin• his labour, or even to gain a
scanty livelihood. The public has already
been greatly inconvenienced, but its tendency
is to aide with a class of men which, though
by no means irreproachable. is industrious and
hardworking, and which, in the present in
stance, has been apparently oppressed, while
the wisdom and justice of Parliament is, on
this account., called in question.
We regret, indeed, to observe that on other
occasions lately the House of Commons
has lost both in popularity and in pub-
lic confidence. It is remarkable that in pro-
portion as the return of " popular candidates
has multiplied in the House its popularity
has decreased, and the disposition to find
fault, both with its measures and its mem-
bers. has increased. We greatly fear that the
reform which the next session is to bring with
it will not furnish the remedy, and that a total
loss of confidence will ultimately be the re-
sult. Let all those remember who do not
want revolution under the mask of reform, that
the legislative chambers throughout Europe
elected by the largest constituencies and in
the most popular manner have enjoyed least
of popular confidence and affection, and have
invariably fallen, unsupported and unla
mented, before the first stroke of arbitrary
power levelled against them with sufficient

SATURDAY ,

courage and dexterity. Let those even who
are of a different temper reflect on the pos-
s ble humiliation from exhibitions similar to
this cabmen's strike, and regard the 28th of
July a►+ significant in its way, though not so
illustrious, as the famous 10th of April.

" HIBERNIA PACATA."
A DAY or two before the Education Board
is riven in twain, we learn that the discords
of Ireland have now ceased, and the people
join harmoniously in a pastoral symphony
sounded from the archiepiscopal lyre.
CULLEN has spoken, and Ireland is appeased:
No more landlords are to be shot; agents
are to be feted by the tenantry when they
come to collect rents ; and white wands and
garlands of roses are to take the place of
shillelaghs and boughs of whitethorn at Irish
elections. From Malin Head to Cape Clear
"universal Ireland" has entered on a millen-
nium of peace. If any reader doubts the truth
of this announcement we must refer him to
Mr. BOWYER, a gentleman who has, we believe,
visited Ireland, and who certainly is a good wit-
ness as to priestly power. On the occasion of
the " Crime and Outrage Act"—a renewal which
has necessarily become almost as much a
matter of form as that of the Mutiny Act—the
learned gentleman assured the House of Com-
mons that the measure was quite unnecessary,
as the clergy, headed by their Archbishop,
had taken the matter in hand, and " the
" course which they generally had taken had
" had a most salutary effect."
'Tis true that, under a " conciliating " Lord
Lieutenant and a "brigade" Solicitor-General,
twenty-one districts are at this moment pro-
claimed under the act; equally true that, a
few weeks since, Mr. Justice JACKSON, in
addressing the grand jury of the county of
Monaghan, described that portion of the
country as being the seat of "an extensive,
" atrocious, and desperate confederacy" (Mr.
Seum.y, in his zeal for the gentle Tipperary,
proposes repealing the north from the south
of Ireland). But these are mere facts ; and
facts, now-a-days, are nothing without theories
—the favourite one with Ministers at present
being " similia similibus curantur"—priests
make the riots ; let them cure them. Lord
PALMERSTON, indeed, rashly intimated an
opinion during a recent debate that the riot-
ous conduct of Priests BURKE and CLUNE was
not so remarkable an exception to that of
their reverend brethren generally as to need
special notice : but how can a heretic know
the minds of their reverences, or judge of their
mentally-reserved intentions ? They only went
to the Clare election to preserve the peace by
having. things all their own way. If to do this
it was necessary to lead an attack on the sol-
diers, and infuse a proper spirit amongst their
followers, so good an end ought to justify the
means. Lasting peace has often to be pur-
chased by war.
At all events, Primate CULLEN is now awake.
Like Neptune in the /Eneid, he may have had
a row kicked up by his subordinates " un-
knownst" to him, while he sat in self-compla-
cent dignity on his lofty throne, probably
absorbed in astronomical reflections. Now,
" alto prospiciens," he rides forth " in pastoral
array " to check the foul winds of priestly de-
nunciations, and calm the people excited by
their vehemence, wherefore the " gulls" should
flock round his triumphal car. The pastoral
rule in " Arcady the blest" is to be rivalled in
our sister kingdom : no more shall policemen
there wield their truncheons ; magistrates and
judges may retire into private life ; and Earl
ST. GERMANS himself remain at this side of the
channel, or, if he should return, let Primate
Cui.crx take his post, and his Lordship COO-
tinue in a position he seems willing to occupy
as " his general under." Why should not this
be done? The priests had a theocracy in
Paraguay (never mind the results), why not in
Ireland? They are very peaceably disposed
when all goes on as they like ; ready to say,
with Captain Absolute, "You know we are coin-
" pliance itself—when we're not thwarted ; no
" people more easily led—when we have our

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