The Express.
London, England, 1864-09-07 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBEE 7, 1864.

his operations—his fields remain gidbabe miniag
proprietor is for ever gainkglttesh
and the cotton manufacturer case y hiep,
to any extent. It is thus the Mire subje Rut
watchfulness on the part of the State that the
agricultural population—which is in fact so largely
the stock from which the country draws its
soldiers, senors, and colonists, and we may say its
beef and mutton—ahould be well fed, and in every
respect well cared for. The Report shows that this
is not the case now, though it leaves the solution
of the problem bow to better their condition to
the political economists, with the simple statement
" that the masses will scarcely be healthy unless to
" their very base they be at least moderately pros.
4C

perons.-
The scale of nourishment is found to vary
widely throughout the agricultural population,
which is attributed in great part to actual diffe-
rences in prosperity, but in part to the local
habits of the people in diet. In some parts of
England the food taken is 50 per cent. more
nutritious than in others, being highest in North-
umberland, Warwick, and Suffolk, and lowest
in Somerset, that is to say, of the counties
observed. If the four divisions of the kingdom
are compared as to their agricultural populations,
England, according to the present investigation, is
considerably the worst fed. This is attributed by
Dr. Sxrrii to the fact that the labourer of this
class in England gets only a quarter the quan-
tity of milk he does in Ireland and Scotland,
and even in Wales there is more milk consumed
by him than in England. In Ireland breadatuffs
are more than half as much again as in England ;
and Scotland, though it has the advantage of
its abundant mutton, has leas breadstuff' than
Ireland. So that Ireland should really have no
excuse, if these deductions are sound, for any
I want of prosperity. But prosperity is a large ex-
pression ; it means, we suspect, something more
than the bulk of carbon and nitrogen consumed
by a people. In Ireland, for example, Dr. SMITH
says it is a "mere struggle to preserve health and
" strength." The farming occupations are not
sufficient, and other sources of general prosperity
are needed to raise the rate of wages, which is
often kept by the landlords very low in relation
to the value of land this is said of the west es-
pecially. In these counties it was stated by the
labourers with families that they would be content
with fis. a week, a sum fully one-third below that
of the Dorset or Somerset labourer. With fairer
wages the whole of the agricultural population of
the kingdom would improve beyond their miserable
status of only just enough with nothing to spare.
Their houses, which are generally mere thatched
hovels, provided with every accommodation for
fever, often, as Dr. SMITH says, "worse than
" stables," would be made healthy dwelling-places,
and their clothing and firing would be
kept at a point equal to protect-
ing them from the many diseases that tend
to weaken the body and destroy life. There then
can be no question that the increase of their
material comforts would develop mental vigour
and intelligence, now dormant and blighted ; and it
would unquestionably add to the wealth of the em-
ployers if they became an improved race. Farmers
have yet to learn that public health means public
wealth, of which they are as certain to partake as
any class of the community. Amongst other canna
besides those of food which are acting against
the well-being of these lower strata of society, the
Medical Officer of Public Health points to deferred
payment of wages, and those disadvantageous allow-
ances of drink generallymade in lieu of money, which
impoverish the body, and lead to habits of idle-
ness and vice. Mach of this improvement is
in the hands of employers, and with them also rests
the duty of aiding the labourer to improve his
condition, by imparting information not only, as
Mr. SINN says, "as to the fullest vital value for
" his scanty spending' on food, but as to the full
"economical meaning of the unwholesome and
"degrading uncleanliness amid which he is now
" often condemned to live and die, and the false thrift
"there may often be in sending forth wife and
" untaught children even to bread-winning labour."
The agricultural labourer should be encouraged to
feel the same healthy ambition to rise to some of the
higher grades of life which makes the artisan strive
to help himself, and the first step in this direction
is to make him sensible of the desire of bettering
his material condition.

bt Coun.

BALMORAL, Stn. 5.

The Queen, accompanied by the Duke and
Dukes of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, and Princes Louis,
drove to Alt-na-Guithaaach on Saturday, when her Majesty
and the royal party proceeded up the Loch Muieh to the
Glansalt, returning in the evening by the Lynn of Muich to
Birkhall.

The Princess Helena and the Dachau of Saxe Coburg
attended Divine service yeaterday.wt the Perish Church of
Crathie.
The Rev. Dr. Fowler officiated.

The Duke of Cambridge and the Princess Mary
of Cambridge arrived at Brussels from Hanover a few days
since, and seou afterwards left for New Strelitz on a visit
to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of 3lecklenburg-
Stolid& It is expected that their royal highnesses will
return to Berlin.

The Prince de Joinville arrived at Munich on
the 31et ult., and left next day for Austria.
The Count and Countess de Paris arrived at
Cologne from England on Sunday, and continued their
journey towards Schwerin next day.

The Duke of Devonshire and Lady Louisa
C►vendish arrived at Chatawortli. Derbyshire, a few days
ago from Bolton Abbey, the Dobbs duke's seat in York-
shire.

Louisa Marchioness of Waterford had left Far•
reoee's Hotel for Forde Castle, mar Coldstream, N.B.

Lord and Lady Lorgen, who are at present
staring at the nob:e lord's shooting-bon in Scotland, will
return to their lest in the north at Ireland at the end of
the month.

The Earl and Countess Russell and Ladies
Russell, on leaving Leamington Spa, proceeded to Chats•
worth, ow a short visit to the Doke of Devonshire.

Count Wimpften is expected hourly at the
Austrian Embassy from Austria, in order to set aa chum(•_
d'Affaires during the temporary abuses of his Excellency
Count Appooyi.

The Bishop of Exeter intends holding a general
ordination is the cathedral clayish of hie diocese oa Sunday,
the 2:oth inst.

Some mornings since a notice was found posted
on the market•home at Belfast, addreseed to the Roman
catholic inhabitants, warning them that if they were
known to bay anything from three protestant shop-
keepers named is the notice, oc any other protestant,
they would be cruelly beaten or their houses burned over
their heads. This manifesto seems to have been called
forth by an advertisement which appeared a few days pre-
viously, announcing a lecture in the Weelayout chapel of
the town on " St. Patrick sad the Ancient Irish Church,"
in which it was mentioned that tickets for the lecture could
be had from some of the shopkeepers, whose business for
this offence is thus attempted to be interfered with. The
advertisement produced such excitement in the town that
it was deemed advisable the lecture should not take place,
some of the protestant shopkeepers first getting their
windows smashed for their temerity in publicly emaciating
their names with it.

Steamers now run daily from Havre to South-
ampton, and Littlehaaapton ; bi-woekly to Glasgow, Liver-
pool, and London ; and weekly to Hall.

LAS' EST IWTELLIGENCE.

fig•
The faederland of Copenhagen publishes a lead-
ing article full of bitter recriminations against
England. The conclusion arrived at is that the
Prince of Wales has not given proof of much
political tact, in coming to visit a people so cruelly
deserted by England, and who have conceived an
inextinguishable resentment against that power.
The same journal foresees that under existing cir-
cumstances the Prinoe of Wales will be very coolly
received by the Danish people, although they are
well acquainted with the duties of hospitality, and
accustomed to practise them.

AMERICA.

(1111)Tlell TZLIGIAIL )
NEW YORK, Auouirr NI E‘fratia.

General Grant holds seven miles of the Weldon
railroad, and the Confederates have withdrawn
from his front.

Grant's cavalry are operating on the Danville
railroad. His losses on Friday and Sunday were
5,000 men.
The report that Lee in person was advancing up
the Shenandoah Valley has been repeated.
Sheridan is in a strong defensive position on the
Upper Potomac, with Early in his front.
On Thursday a small Confederate force attempted
to cross the Potomac, but were repulsed with heavy
loss.

General Forrest has made a raid into Memphis,
but had retired with some plunder, pursued by the
Fedora's.
The Confederates have sunk the ste►mer Nash-
ville across the channel of Mobile Harbour, ren-
dering access to the city impossible until the Nash-
ville is removed.

The rumour published in the New York Herald,
that overtures either for peace or an armistice,
had been made to the South by the administration,
has been semi-officially denied.
General Butler has arrived at Washington, and
Banks is also expected.
It is believed that a change in the Cabinet will
shortly take place.
Several prominent abolitionists have urged upon
President Linooln and General Fremont to with-
draw their names as presidential candidates, and
to call a convention to nominate a fresh repub-
lican candidate.
General Fremont consented to withdraw if
President Lincoln would do so also.

Chicago despatches report that the nomination
of General M'Clellan by the Convention is con-
sidered certain, and that of Pendleton, of Ohio,
for Vice-President.
The legal proceedings for Muller's extradition
are progressing•

THE MURDER OF MR. BRIGGS.

EXANINATION OF lIIILLF.R AT NEW YORE.

In order to render it imposaible for Muller to
swipe, upon arrival at New York, a private circular wag
placed in the hands of all New York pilots, and at Wed.
wedgy evening, 24th ultimo, and as soon ma the Victoria
was signalled, the detectives boarded her, and Muller was
planed tinder arrest.
Eight passengers, including Muller, were taken into the
cabin, and Mr. Death pointed out the accused. When
charged with the crime be denied all knowledge of it, and
accounted for his possession of the munlered man's hat
and watch, which were found in his baggage, by stating that
he had bought them in London. Previous to the detectives
boarding the Victoria,some excursionists cried out," How are
you, Yeller' Throw the murderer overboard." The pri-
soner is a man 24 years old, and not prepossessing in ►ppear.
ance ; height, 5 feet 6 inches; light hair, and mall grey
eyes. He was poorly dreued. He was conducted to the
bead quarters of the polioe, where his portrait was taken.
The people were disappointed in his appearance. They ex-
pected to see a fierce-looking individual, instead of a poor,
cowering-looking man, u he is, who seemed to be more
dead than alive. Prisoner said he would like to have the
benefit of legal advice, but was unable to pay. Prisoner
was examined before the United States commissioner New.
ton. He eat quietly, and evinced no interest in the pro-
ceedings. In answer to the court prisoner said he expected
his sister from 139, Nassau-street, but he could not say if
she war in court.

Mr. Marbury then opened the case for the crown. He
quoted the treaty, providing for the delivering up of par
cans fleeing from justice in ooe country, when found in
another charged with certain crimes, and demanded that
tie prisoner Franz Muller, who was charged with mur-
dering Thomas Briggs, in the county of Middlesex, be ren-
dered up for trial, if the evidence adduced warranted his
commitment for trial on the charge of murder. Mr. Mar-
bary then briefly narrated the story of the murder, and
proposed to read the depositions of the witnesses examined
in England.
. . .

IV:Shaer, who defended the prisoner, objected to the
admissibility of those papers, unleu the sitcom's were all
present to be croes-examined.
Alter a long discussion,
Mr. Sfarbury read the depositions upon which the war-
rant of arrest was based, and called witnesses to prove the
authenticity of the documents.

Inspectors Tanner and Karresey were then sworn, and
recapitulated the evidence they adduced in London.
Robert Death was next sworn, and after recapitulating
the evidence adduced in London, went on to say that-1
have not the least doubt as to the identity of the prisoner.
When I saw him yesterday oa board the Victoria I was re-
quested to wait till I was called in the cabin where the
prisoner stood, with a number of other persons. I looked
at all those present ; there were eight or nine, all strangers.
After looking at them all deliberately, I told inspectors
Tanner and Kerimemey that the second man was the man.

•
Io croft-examination Mr. Death said—l identified pri-
soner by his light sod general announce*. I have not been
able to speak as to whether be had whiskers or riot, but he
bad no moustache or beard. (The prisoner then stood up.)
I should say prisoner is Whir under middle size, and not a
thickset but rather a slightest man.
The (unwed called attentive to the depositions, which
stated that a Lifland thin and a thickset man sat beside Mr.

V:ineal went on to say—When I bearded the Victoria I
knew I was going to identify the mao. The description of
the ra!n was given by !nye& and brother.

J. Matthew; was sworn, and said—Muller's hat fitted his
head in an ordinary way, but a little too easy.
Detective Tremnann deposed that prisoner had told him
he bad had the hat about a year, and that he had had the
watch two years.
This was the cue for the crown, when the court ad-
journed till next day, the 27th ult., when the City of Bal-
timore, which brings this Dews, left New York.
It is supposed that Inspector Tanner left New York with
the prima& oe the 6th, and will arrive in England about
the 15th. The greatest *seamiest prevails in New York
000 sequent upon blaller's arrest.

WEATHER REPORT.-(THIS DAY.)

WzoirniDAT, Balm ; $ Las.

i ~-

Nam "iglu{ B.W.
Ab0r4444 60 W.N.W.
lorth ,30.86:66 W.
Ardromm , 165 &&W.
Grecumatta 29.87 ba W.B. W.
Galway 29.84.67 Lll.l.
Valenti* SAM 63 B.W.
Caps Clear 29.91 00, LW.
giostowa. .29.77 VW N.W.
49.97 68. S.& W.
Bolghead 29.92 65. &S.W.
Pembroke 49.6864 WA W.
Nmamo 20.06 1111 i W.
Brost 30.1664, W.B.W.
Whient 01466 W.
Loohafort 30.4964' N.&
Plymouth 30.06 64 W.B.W.
Weymouth 30.06 64 W.B. W.
Portsmouth_ 10.02 66 W.B.W.
1 loodm 30.00 61 W.
Dover 30.03 6d W.
Yarmouth
Scarborough 29 91 65 N.W.
YMNs

4. ix

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