The Express.
London, England, 1863-10-02 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1863.

NEW ZEALAND.—PROVINCE of AUCK-
LAND 00VIBINIMNT WAN, 1.500.0011.
The BANK of NEW ZEALAND, Bankers to the General
Oovernment el New Zealand and to the Provincial GOVerIUMISt of
Auckland, give notice that TAN WNW will be received until 12
o clock on SATURDAY, the 3rd Instant, for the balance unallot
Led of the Met insimbnent of the above Loan. viz. £28,260. at
and above the sainintom draft declared. The Patton now
advertised will bear interest from We Ist of October alb
Tenders to be made ln conformity with the rtise-
ment under data filet
F. LARKWORTBY, Managing Director.
Zen ea
Bank of New 80, Old Brelattircet. Loudon,
October 1, WM.

LIFEBOAT BERVICIia —The Committee of
the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT INSTITUTION
earnestly APPALL to the public for AB6IBTANCI to enabie
them to meet the continued heavy demands on the fostitatietes
litebust establishments. During the pest 111 months nearly
tot shipwrecked sailors have been saved by the llookly's life-
boats. Coubutlons are received by all the Leaden coun-
try banters Nand by the Secretory, RICHARD LEWIS,and
at the
Institution, 14, John-street, Adely/l. W.C.

MIVERYBODY KNOWS Mr. MILES.
Altrod Webb Wks 11.1010VID MOM DONDSTILIMT
t. 72, B2001:84= Eaberrersqvims, fa In&
The 111. Trousers by blm) ba all she Now Pstioras,
Barris THAN

Vitt erprews.

ivertlsidassis To x°,1,41
,Taw, most to at Le case, li. Beinvorisalrlitta Itard"Tcro
os m. ddy cdpakicidios.

_IIAYKA4L/Mt

VHS Ersinee. UNLUCICY NORTiL. Yr. W. lures.
'FINESSE or, SPY AND COUNTER-SPY. New. A. Wipe and
Buckstone Yrs. Doris.. Mrs. A. *lava, sad Inn Asipsl.—To
conclude vritl TURNING THE TART WI Mr. Compica.

TRIP STURM PEEIS.I3I:LL Mrs. YamoiL-1111
GREAT GHOST RITICT.--aleglag by Mr. Rambla,
_Mr. Parlour,
and lime. Pleas—And LADY &DOLLY'S &WART. Main
Reynolds, Cranford. and Parry ; Mims YOU and Dowsing.

awl WATIR AT LONDON BILITA2,
Tim DIT —Xmas& 411 63a.....Armeash. S. 13a.
Zo-atossow —Maralas. 6A. ADA— .4111in66a. IL 65..

LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2.

Arriurrion is now being called in many quarters
to the practice of giving fees to railway servants.
There are good reasons why we hear more of this
subject than at any former time. The practice has
attained a growth previously unknown, and the
holiday season which has just closed has brought
it home to the experience of a larger number of
travellers than in any former year. There are
two very different classes of fees paid to railway
porters and attendants. Travellers give money
for ordinary services, such as the railway company
professes to supply, and which they have a right
to expect—the removing, loading, and unloading
of luggage, calling cabs, and so on—and they also
give it as • bribe to be allowed to evade
or break the rules of the company, as by
smoking in oerriages, carrying excess of luggage
without payment, and the like. Of course it is
only against the former class of fees that we can
appeal to the railway companies in the name of
the public ; although in the interest of the com-
panies themselves we might urge that in the end
one class is is injurious to them as the other.
Now, without overlooking the exceptions to be
met with, we have to do with the fact
that it is becoming next to impossible to travel
on any of our lines of railway without making
extra payment% and that in the most objec-
tionable way, for services which according to the
theory and profession of the railway companies
have already been paid for in the fare. We,
hope oar railway managers will not be disposed
to class the complaints on this score now
beard on all hands, with the imaginary griev-
ances commonly sent to the papers in the dull
season. That would be to commit • serious mir
take. The practice in question is changing the
character of railway travelling in particulars
affecting the prosperity of companies, because im-
pairing the convenience of the public.

Moat of us can remember the sensation of relief
which was felt when the opening of railways deli-
vered travellers from the mercenary attentions and
extortionate importunities of coachmen, guards,
and porters, and substituted a well•ordered
service of active, cheerful attendanta, in-
structed to regard every passenger as
entitled to their attention. It was not the value
of the money disbursed upon obsequious hangars-
on which made the old coach system so dis-
agreeable and the change so piedmont. It was
that the necessity of buying every little serving
necessary to travelling made everybody unwilling
to move without separate payment, while the =-
ascertained pries of those services oonstantly ex-
posed the traveller to reflection. Now the serious
fact is that we are fast falling back again
into this wretched system. It is trait that
we see at our railway stations announcements
framed in the most stringent terms, forbidding
porters to take, and entreating passengers not
to offer fees. But it is equally true that there
are important lines where fees to servants are
the traveller's only means of securing decent
civility end attention. The arriving paaessger
is an object of interested speculation to the
attendants on the platform. If he is a stranger
he will be estimated by his appearance, and as
there is everything to hope from the unknown,
it is probable he will be waited on with fussy
servility. If known, and not important
enough to be feared, he will be treated according
to his custom of giving or refraining from giving
fees. There are exceptions to this state of
things ; there are lines where serious attempts
are made to enforce equal attention to all, and
there may be railway servants so upright and
conscientious as to refuse fees. Bat the com-
mon experience of railway travelling is neverthe-
less as we have stated it.

Who gains by this practice t Who loses
by it ? And how is it to be suppressed t The
railway servants at first sight seem to pin
by is It is this appearance which helps you
to believe that when you have feed a
porter to give you an advantage at the expense
of your fellow-traveller, you have performed
an act of generosity. And in individual oases
and for a short time railway servants may profit by
the practice of giving fees ; but in the end it must
injure them more than anybody else. No kind of
labour long maintains itself above the average of
the market, and a knowledge that fees make a
portion of a railway servant's income renders men
willing to take the situations at wages propor-
tionally lower. Such is the inevitable ten-
dency of the practice, and the public would
learn with surprise the extent to which this
form of industry has been depreciated
on some of our chief lines. By insisting on proper
service in return for reasonable' fares, the public
would compel the engagement of efficient men at
proper wages, and thus promote the interest of
railway attendants far more than they do at
present. The general body of travellers can, of
course, gain nothing by the fee system. Whatever
precedence one passenger gets by bribery another
loses. The only class which reaps advantage from
it is that class to which so many of our social
arrangements are adapting themselves--the vulgar
rich.

It is easy to see who loses by the fee sys-
tem. Except the class just mentioned every.
body who has to do with railways loses by

it. Travellers must neoemarily do so when a
tacit understanding is permitted to grow up
that the platform service requires to to quick-
ened and stimulated by incessant rewards, and
that prompt and willing attention is • thing not
provided, but to be procured by special payment.
We have also seen that the servants, as • class,
must lose by it. But the greatest losers of all will
be the railway shareholders. Railways have deve-
loped an unsuspected travelling capacity in our
public. In proportion as facilities have been
multiplied passengers have increased in • most
surprising manner. And still the interests of the
companies require that the process should go on,
and the public travel more and more. It could
not be said that anybody wanting to make a
journey deliberately resolved to stay at home
to save a half-crown in giving fees. But before
we suppose that the practice does not tell on rail-
way receipts we must look deeper. There are
certain classes—merchants and their agents,

public officers, and others—who must travel, be
the conditions what they may. But the num-
ber of these, though large, is limited, and the
falling off in railway receipts would be very
considerable if in one week travelling were suddenly
limited to the strictly necessary journeys of busi-
nese and professional men. For every traveller
whale journey is absolutely prescribed by circum-
stances, there is probably another who might have
stayed at home but for a certain mingling
of pleasure with the thought of locomotion.
The remembrance of a distant friend, the need of

recreation or diversion, curiosity, a love of change,
are always prompting thousands of persons, espe-
cially ladies, to meditate journeys. In the
mental process which precedes the final resolve
every disagreeable incident of travelling is ree-
-1 sent, and tells, however imperceptibly, in de-
' terr➢ng from an expedition. Now it is not for the
interests of the railway companies to try how much
of that which is disagreeable the public will stand,
or at what point it will begin to refuse their ser-
vision. It is rather for them to make travelling as
attractive as possible, mid the unrest way not to
do that is to countenance the system which is at
present undermining a service essential to the
'comfort and convenience of the public.
Ia most of the discussions that have taken place
it has been assumed that the remedy for this state
of things lies with the public, and accordingly to
the public appeals have been in the first place
addressed. We have no expectation whatever of
amendment from this source. The mischief
has not been caused by the general public, which
is, indeed, the chief sufferer and the chief com-
plainant. Wealth, especially vulgar upstart wealth,
will always attempt to assert its power, and find
pleasure in doing so. The evil must be cured, if
at all, by the railway companies themselves. Not,
however, by repression and penalty, a system
which appears to have been tried and failed.
It is in the power of the companies
to organize their staff of platform servants
with a view to the equal accommodation of all
War passengers, and to administer it so as
effectually to attain that end. We know that it is
so because in former years we have seen it done.
More vigilance and the exercise of a stricter
authority might, perhaps, be requisite to restore
than was needed to establish the former system of
equal attention to passengers, bat it is a work that
must be carried out. And, when it was done, the
practice of giving fees would die out, because the
motive which had sustained it would have seamed
to exist.

WILLS AND BIQUISTS.

The will of Bir John Walter Pollen, Bart., of
Rendoehar soar Andover, Haar, was provedin London on
the 17th ult., by his root, Lady Polka, the who eurtirlx.
The personal property woe sworn seder 14,0001. The
testator reoseded to the baronetcy on the dear of his
father, in 1814 ; and wee twit returned Y.P. for Amharic;
was late colonel of the South Hairs Militia, sad deputy
lienternat for the county, and died at the see of 74, brim
exerted his will in April, 140. To his raid, Lady
Pollee, be a life Wirer in hi estate and rod-
dere at with the loads Santo, sod Miser
that sorter portions of the gar, Ito., shall be held r
heirloom with the sainerion to his estate sad tiW, which
bee demeaded to his assthew, sow Mr Richard Marierford
Hart. The testator also leaves to hi relict, Lady
Pollen, the intoner eriii boa hie personal seihr=
upon her ladyship's decease, is to be applied to the
of the hear of theedvorreoe and Wass of Andover. _ _

lls will al the Rev. John D.D., Chace ol Can-
terbury, rector of St Botolph, Hishopepitia wee proved in
the London court by his sone and emouteire—Franals
eel% Elm., berrivamat-kw, and the Bar. Rama
The pencils' property wes worn under 35,0001. Dr. Bus-
e&
was appointed to a canonry in Canterbury in 1827, and
to the rectory of St. Botolph's k 1832. This valuablelia=
is returned in tlie " Clap Lid et 2,2801. • year. Dr.R
messed hie mu 1ak2a1862 ; sad died in the Oak
in the city of Cm , June led The will i=
by the Revs. James and William 0111, mates of St.
Botolph's. He bequeaths to hie wife a life intend in his
property,i titievisioassier 250
4* to
re iet ithresdaablitnec Metall;
clang:ponten, Augusta and marr, sees a sum as with other
securities will make np 8,000[& to molt The remainder of
his property to be squally divided between his two lone, his
executors. Some literal lapeciwe me left to sormate.—
litmeroted London News.

La France Musicale has the following on the
'abject of the mysterious A/ricrac, from which it appears
that London, and not Park, will be the first to listen to
that opera :—" We landiarand that the dieser, of Oovent
Garden has for some time stregly urged Member to pro-
duce his new opera Is London. We do not know if Use
clever impresario will triumph over the objectless of the
illustrious composer, bat it is certain that on no other stage
in Europe would the composer of the Prophet find artiste
so worthy to interpret the inspirations of his grins. Ade.
Una Patti and Leon, two stars of the first magnitude,
Triberlik and Handle, two tenors unrivalled, • wonderful
charm, and an orchestra conducted by Costa, in wham Hey.
erbeer has long had full radices, offer coaditions that
may well be accopted. Let, then, our Gerd Opera take
heed lest this African,' after whisk it bus sighed for years,
should eram over to London without stopple' in Park.*
LIMO WORLD* Kies Isserrure.—Mr. Thos.
Hughes, whose interest In working men's sineadier, and 11
whose aorta on their behalf are well known, let sight
visited the above 'mantra, sad costauted mach to the
enjoyment of a crowded ranee by readings from Use
works of some of the greatest poets el this couatry and
America. He had promised to do so, he rid, became he
thought they would probably find, se he bed always ford,
that the reading from the works of rhea was much more
interesting than a mere formal lecture. He would ant, how-
ever, offer a few words on the objects costemplated by such
imititutime as that. This great tows wags very hattirorking
town, the people in it, he sword, berg as hard working
• people as any in England. They workednay bard during
the day to sustain life and support their rid they
therefore wanted some rest and rational aniumereat is the
evening, because a man had not only the weals of the body
to satisfy, but also the wants of the mind sad spirit to
satiety. He did not know of anything better calculated to
fed and clothe the spirit, the higher part of man, than
communion with posts. Poets were some of the
roe whom the world had proclaim& They them
out of this little world, with its small and petty in-
troits, which tied thee down to thew they could
see, and touch, sad handle, sod led the to higher
rings—to things whisk wen hevisible, sad which they
meld not taste, and trek, sad handle, but which for all
that were more real, and o'''nion with which raised
them to real 110 'admits wore true and real men of
them. Mr. Hughes thee promoted amidst the ars*
attention of the members te reed some of the cable words
which men of oar time had written oe various =Mats.
giving • few introdercry end explanatory wadsle
rah. At the ceadusica et the readier& Mr. Ald. Crier
moved, and lir. Muir aseauded • vote of trier ta Mr.
Hughes, which was mad with the greatest enthusiasm.
Mr. D. Lupton, who be shown binseeif an strata friend
of the inetitutioa, stated that Lord De Orey, the patron of
the society, briar her applied to, as desretarr of War,
to allow ties el the delft wheel at the barracks aad
the 21 acme of grand rryrs, it for the ass of the
Inetatitioa. se a pla sad reamtien mud, bed nod
readllv acceded to the request; end r Mr. Hughes was
rift the next day to be hie lerdship's 'nest.Lup-
ien) suggested that they should avail thearelves el the op-
portanity to mem trough hie to the amble earl their
thanks for his Mare. The Bev. IL Hears, theretare,
moved • special rots of thanks to Earl De Grey air 11.1pos,
sad it was adopted with loud cheers.—Leeds Mercury.,

geo gotta.

watos.u., acre. go.
The Queen went out in the morning with Princess
The Priseem "Ma of lime end Primers Helens rode on
harestook.

Her Msfesty, sanopmad by the Prince. ci Waal,
Prisons Loan of Ham, Prima Arthur, and Prince Leopold,
drove and walked in the afternoon.
EDINBURGH, THURSDAY, 10 A.m.
At 8.35 thin morning the Crown Prince and
Princess of,Pnemia arrived at the Waverhey Bianco here by
the apse tram from London. iThier Royal Highnesses
were aceompanied by the members of their family and a
limited mite. The platform of the station was reserved
from the general public ; but among those present awaiting
to realm the royal party were the Lord Proven and magis-
trates of the city, Lard Charles Pitney, and the Prtunian
CoaseL A oomiderable crowd had collected in the neigh-
bourhood of the station, and in the streets leading to the
Douglas Hotel, when apartments were engaged. It is
undimmed that their Royal Highnesses will remain in
Edinburgh till Enturday, when they will proceed north.
wards, en route to BalinnaL

THURSDAY NIGHT.

The Prime and Plilloll6l of Wale' quitted Abergladie early
this morning for the swath. After posting to Aboyne, they
lett by medal tads shoat 11 o'clock, and arrived in Edin-
harsh shortly after elm
Their Royal Fligluseems were remind with great enthu-
siasm by imams crowds of people m they pawed through
the stmets to the Douglas Hotel.
It is understood that the royal pair will stoy in Edinburgh
till Saturday, and that the presentation of the splendid
casket to the Princess of Wiles by the ham a/ Edinburgh
will take place to-morrow (Friday).

Deeperebes were received yesterday at the Odonial-office
has tie 00.111110P1 of Chards, Oeykm, sad Hong goof•
Deepstebesweee Nall to theGovereese cc/ BritishCambia,
Berwasda, sad the Wed ladle Wanda.

THE PRINCE AND PRINCESS OP WALES.

Their Royal Highnemee the Prince and Princees
at Wales, Weeded by a limited site, are expected to arrive
at IlLealboiroagli Haase to-morrow afternoon from Aber-
glide).

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

AMERICA.

DEFEAT AND RETREAT OF
GENERAL ROSECRANS.

DESPERATE FIGHTING•

FEDERAL LOSS OF 12,000 MEN.

(nu m a

QUIZENSTOWN,Ocr. 2.

The Royal Mail steamer Scotia, from New York
on the 23rd nit, arrived here at 5.30 ►m. She
brings 121 passengers and 396,000 dole. in specie.
She landed 100 sacks of mails and seven passengers,
and proceeded at 6 ►m. All well. She made the
passage in eight and a half days.

NEW YORK, Sam 21, NORM%
(Per du &oda.)

General Bowman has been defeated and com-
pelled to retreat to Chattanooga, after two days'
fighting, by General Bragg, who had been heavily
reinforced by Lee, Beauregard, and Joe Johnstone.
Gold, 40.

NEW YORK, 81PT. 21, EVINING.
The details of General Ramona defeat are
meagre. The following is an account of the first
day's battle. On the morning of the 19th the Confe-
derates attacked General Roseanne near Chick-
amanga Creek. A fierce musketry engagement en-
sued, the woody nature of the ground preventing
the use of artillery. Early in the engagement the
Confederates captured five guns of the celebrated
Loomas battery. Fierce fighting continued till 2
o'clock in the afternoon, when the Federal centre
was pushed, broken, and retreated in disorder,
pursued by the Confederates, who were, how-
ever, afterwards checked and driven back.
The Confederates then drove General Davis's divi-
sion back with heavy loss, capturing every gun of
the Bth Indiana Regiment, Davis, however, suc-
ceeding in rallying hie forces, and retook his guns.
General Reynolds's division suffered severely,
but maintained its position. Palmer's division lost
two guns. Van Cleve's division lost ground, and
did not regain its position.
A general fight continued until long after dark.
At its termination, both armies are said to have
omit ied the same ground as at the commencement.
The Feiterals captured ten guns and lost seven.

NEW YORK, Sm. 22, Moms°.

The New York World asserts that information
has reached New Orleans that the French had
occupied klatamoras with 5,000 troops. A oollision
is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio
Grande, between the French and Federal gunboats,
on matters connected with cotton and supplies for
the Confederates.

Cortes, the governor of Sonora, has arrived at
Washington. It is rumoured that his object is
to establish a Mexican alliance with the Federal
government

The New York Herald says :—" It is reported
that Vice-President Stephens has gone to Europe
with an offer to cede Texas to France in return for
French assistance to the Confederate government."
A vote of want of confidence in the government
has been defeated in the Canadian parliament by a
majority of two.

NEW YORK, Sat 23, Nounia.

The following are the details'of the battle fought
on the 20th inst. between Rosecrans and Bragg. The
engagement commenced late on the morning of 'the
20th ; soon afterward a General Thomas, holding the
Fedefal left, called for reinforcements, and at noon
was compelled to retreat. The second line of rein-
forcements, with hillook's corps, which was on the
right, and intended as a reserve, was sent to
reinforce Thomas. Van Cleve, holding the front
centre, and Crittenden's corps were also
ordered to the left, their places being filled
by Davis and Sherridan, who had hardly formed in
line before the Confederate line burst upon the
Federal centre ; this lasted twenty minutes, when
Van Cleve, on Thomas's right, gave way. Sher-
ridan and Davis's corps broke in disorder, borne
down by Bishop Polk's amps. Negley'a and Van
Cleve's divisions rallied, and held their places, on
the right and left of Thomas's corps.
Davis and Sherridan late in the day rallied 8,000
men, and joined Thomas, who, being cut off from
the right, took up an independent position, where
he was reinforced by two divisions, and maintained
a stubborn fight till after dark, retiring at night
to Rossville, where be received orders to join
Rosecrans, who was concentrating at Chatta-
nooga.

It is reported that the Confederates engaged
Thomas again on the 21st, and it was doubtful if
he could reach Chattanooga that night. There
were indications on the night of the 21st that the
Confederates contemplated a demonstration on
another part of Rosecrans' line.
Bragg's army is variously estimated at from
70,000 to 96,000 strong. The Federal loam in
killed, wounded, and prisoners is estimated at
12,000 men. 1,300 Confederate prisoners have
been sent to Nashville.

Intercepted Southern despatches state that Gene-
ral Bragg engaged General Bosecrans on the 19th
and 20th, capturing 20 guns and 500 prisoners.
. . _

General Burnside is moving to reinforce Rose-
crane. 300 of Burnside's troops were surrounded
on the 9th, near Knoxville.
News has been received from Charleston to the
20th September. It is reported that the Monitors
were unable to pass up to Charleston. The erec-
tion of Federal batteries in Fort Gregg and Cum-
ming's Point was proceeding slowly, on account of
the annoyance from the Confederate batteries,
which fired every 20 minutes. The Confederates
were reported to be repairing Fort Sumter.
. . _ .

General Lee'e and Meade's armies are confronting
each other on the Rapidan.
More frosts have damaged the Kentucky tobacco
crops. Gold, 371.

00IXERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, Szn. 22, Evarnia.

The first news of General Rosecrans' defeat,
received on Monday last, sent gold up to 40& and
Exchange to 155. They yesterday, however, re-
ceded, under the impression that Rosecrans' posi-
tion was better than the first accounts represented.
The closing quotations to-day are :--Gold, 37i ;
Exchange, 1514. Stocks dull. New York Central,
1361 ; Illinois, 1231; Erie, 104 ; Five per Cent.
United States Bonds, 96 ; Six per Cent, ditto, 104.
Cotton very firm ; middling upland, 74c. Flour
advanced on Monday 30c., and wheat and corn 4c.
to 7c., but declined yesterday, flourlosing 15e. and
wheat and corn lc. to 30. of the advance. The
markets for these articles are now dull. Provisions
good inquiry. Coffee and molasses steady. Sugar
advancing. Petroleum, crude, steady, at 364 c. to
371 c. ; refined, good inquiry, at 58c. to 59c.

JAPAN.

NEW YORK, Barr. 88, Nomura.

Advices from Kauagawa to the 10th of August
stale that the British fleet had sailed for the western
shores to punish the Daimios.

THE POLISH INSI

aIitTION.
BRESLAU, Ocr. 2.

News received from Warsaw states that the
Russian government is still unable to find an
editor for the official Dziennik, although it has
offered a salary of 24,000 fr. with the post.

CBAOOW, Oer. 2.
Count Staples/3 Tarnowski has been arrested in
this city.
The insurgent chiefs Otto and laza have de-
feated the Blushing near Chmielenski, in the woj-
wotischaft of Cracow.

Other engagements between the insurgents and
the Ramis= took place on the 30th tilt. near
Lelow.

Orlowski's corps bas also encountered the Rus-
sians under Byers's.
The RUlailllll have pillaged the Castle of Boniewo,
and blown up with gunpowder the Capuchin con-
vent at Lomdworow, in the wojwodsoltaft of
KaEach.