The Express.
London, England, 1863-11-21 00:00:00

TO 11131 ZOITOS Of 111 Winn.

Sts,—flay 1 tequ.7lltClo tavour to state, in
reference to the letter of Lord Brougham which appeared
io your columns of to-day, that the offico of the Working
Chal and Institute Unice fa Na 150, Strand, where
any subscriptions or donations sill be thankfully rewired?
By kiudly ioserting the above yos will be materially
helping the good can't, for which los lordship has so su•
Neatly pleaded. —1 am,
LW, Strand, Nov. 21.). iIENhY SOLLY, &aviary.

INDIAN TRAMWAY COMPANY.—The report of the
direetors states that " riace the 14,4 ordinary second meet-
ing three extraordinary general meetings have taken place.
At the last of thou, von., that held on the 22ud. June, 1863„
the directors were sr/thorned to execute a short lino from
Armen= Junction, oc the Madras Railway, to Coojeveram,
a distance of sever tom and a half miles, at the estimated
met of shoat (10,0C3/. A oonsiderable portion of the rails
and permanent way materials for this line have beenshipped,
seed the reouriodev, with the rolling stock, will, it is ex
pscted, be oe the way set by an early data. The aompsny's
resident eaglet er arrived at Madras the sod of September
to make the necessary preparstruea The chairman, Sir
llaedonald Ste hence. has just luoceedsd to India on his
owe affairs, and has kindly mosso old to me, while there,
hie entities& to further the present works, u well as to
arrange satisfactory terms with the local governments for
undertaking Wier Ulm, the particulars of which arrange-
ingots will, s doe mune, be lard before the shareholders,
the directors harries instructed him sot to complete wby coo-
ked& or te without preciously sulmritting them
to the or the sawn= of the oompsey u general
mulles."
Exams Ham—The National Choral Society
will cotemenes its North ammo on Wedeesday lent Milk
it= _performance of "Jedas Maccabons." Principal
Mdlle Pereira, Miss Palmer, Mr. Sams Reeve.. Mr.
Santlev, Mr. R. Seymour. Onsoist, Mr. J. G. Deaulauli.
Had sod Mona 700. Conductor Mr. U. W. Mania.
TLA ci dlolOtt awl strong, moderate
Is peke, and wholesome to a,e. Th. advalata,a• haws secured
kir /Ma Tea •a gamma pair/ewe. IC is sold la packets by t,uo
amata.-lASvertisementt

(PRIZE MEDAL AWARDED.,
ALLEN'S PATENT PORTMANTEAUS and
TRAVELLING BAGS with square meninx,.
LAMS WARDROBE TRUNKS, DRESSING 16A08, wMD
Owe s"
DESePAta TCH BOXER, WETTING and DRESSING CASES, and
No otter art:tries for home or °animate! travelling. Iltailgated
satalognea post free.
Also Alien's Barrack Tarn Mare Catalogue of Portable Bed
Meads. Drawers, Easy Chairs, Waakhand-atands, Canteens, £c..
;Id tree.

i: iCALIZIr.
taslos. W.C.

sad Patentee, ST, Wait BOrsad.

Vie erpreOL

00VENT-OARDEN.

TIM Trains. BLANCHE DB NEVER& Year& W. H.
Walsh H. Corti, A. Cook, A. St. Albytt C. Patsy, C. Lyall, J.
know. and W. Hodson ; Moon I . e, A. Hllee sad L
Heywood.—Conductor, Mr. A. Yam— at

RATIIARCIT.

Tan EVISING. sruzg it iiiiii— ;Amu n 0,., 'MINI, and
C. Mathews . Mrs C. Mathews—THZ GOLDBN /LUCK M..
and Mrs C. Mathews—COOL AS A CUCUMBIL Mr. C.
Mathews—And MY HUSBANDS GHOST. Mr. Oleic

LYCIFIL

Tara MEMO, lINCLIIBABY. Yr. Widdlaaado &M
lII= C. Laden:a—BM 011102110. • Lora Nary. MINOR
Yachter. BronaMai, Imam Charles, sad Jordan ; Men
Tam, Lars•as, mad laeraMq. mad Mrs. Lae

TIM YVIYOuy, Till DAYS OF LOUTS XV. 11lettelsents S.
Las sad Y Tyzobld.—Fttal Dentin and Nab Ibtos.—And
TRY J SWIMS OF Till TEMPLE Illustrated by THY OBTAT
GHOST if/WT. Mkt Itlk&—Commence at bet-pa tS.

HWI WILIER AT LONDON BWOSR
TWD DAY Manta& lob .ADAreose llb 7m
TINIKSZOW Maeda& 5Ta..... Anarame. Ob. Oa.

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 21.

Ir is not surprising that the attention of the
public should have been at once aroused by the
statement lately made, that there is an actual
scircity of labour in some of the factory villagvs
of Lancashire, at the very Cane when guardiars
and relies committees are maintaining unemployed
operatives in the towns. There seems to be no
dispute about the fact ; and different ways of
accounting for it have been offered at committN)
meetings, and in reports, and in newspaper ow-
reepondenoe. If anything is to be done to rectify
this inequality of labour, and to help both em-
ployer and employed in so strange a difficulty, it
must be through a thorough understanding of tlie
case, in the first place ; and we have =mhos.)
seen any statement which comprehends all the
known causes of the anomaly.
We hear first, as usual, of the bad quality of the
Indian cotter. This may acoorut for the scarcity
of hands, because from one-third to one•balf more
hands are required to work the bad than the prime
cotton ; bat how does it account for the scarcity
of labour, if weavers, warpera, and winders are
actually idle in the nearest towns 1' If the man
who used to attend to four looms when using
American cotton can now manage only two where
Indian cotton is employed, why is not another
man brought to the two looms which must other-
wise stand idle t The answer given to this ques-
tion before the Central Committee is, that at any
one time hands can be had, but that they cannot
be assured of constant employment, because of the
pertinacity of the importedworkpeople in demand-
ing work in those wills only which yield the highest
wages by using the best kinds of cotton. This
answer is found anything but satisfactory ; as it
well may be. We mry find a better presently.

Elsewhere, the blame is thrown on the mill-
owners, both in the towns and the villages. The
town employers are charged with looking on com-
placently while their streets are filled with huovry-
looking operatives, idle and depressed, the masters
preferring this stht to tiro risk of the co npetaion
of the village employers, and the consequent rive
of wages when the demand improves. The country
MiilOWDOrlk en the other hand, are amused of
selfishness and hardness in not compensating the
workpeople for the troubles they have in managing
the cotton. If the operative earned good wages
before with easy cotton, and can only earn much
smaller wages now from the diellonhi of the
cotton, it appears to some well-meaning ob-
servers that the masters 'honk' "compensate"
the men for this misfortune; as if it were no mis-
fortune to the employers to pay high for infector
cotton during all the months that the price of the
manufactured article hu borne no proportion to
the costliness of the raw material I In this, as in
every marked and extensive change in the condi-
tions of the labour market, it is absurd to blr-ne
the employers. It is not alleged that the masters
in Blackburn are maintaining the idle people out
of their own pockets ; and yet the Relief Com-
mittee there long ago struck off from their books
every family in which there was an unemployed
operative of the classes now in such demand in the
villages. It would answer better to the mill-
owners, as to everybody else in Blackburn, to be
rid of these idle hands than to have to support
them now to keep down any possible competition
from country mills. As for the country mister',
if they want hands so much, they would certainly
give any wages they could afford to obtain this.,
before they could have any right to bestow money
as compensation for the inferiority of the cotton
under which they are themselves suffering. There
must be some better reasons that these, more
sensible and more just, for the fact which seems so
strange. The reasons are not very difficult to find.
Is there accommodation in these rural districts
for the additional hands t If one-third or one-
half more hands are required to work the Name
number of looms, where is this addition to the
load population to be lodged 1 To this obvious
question the answer is that no such accommoda-
tion exists. There are no cottages to be had, and no
lodgings for new-comers. " But cannot the people
" come to the mill by rail from the towns I They
" need to do so." Who did sot end when f Capital
workers, in the most prosperous times. In such
cases only can it answer to travel to and fro. At the
present rate of earning it could not possibly pay. It
must be remembered, too, that the extraordinary
circumstances of the district and the manefacture
have affected the ordinary operation of the natural
laws of the labour market. When, in normal
circumstances, workmen present themselves to .fill
up a chum and meet a want, those men are in-
dependent, and muter. of their own movements.
They possess the means of removal if they decide
to remove, sod they judge for themselves whether
the need they propose to supply will be lasting
enough to make it prudent to bring their families
to a new scene. The poor fellows at Blackburn
now are in very different case. They have nothing
left of their owu, and could not remove if they
wished it ever so much. In their dependent
condition they cannot form plans, nor venture
upon experiments. If they could, there would be

a grave consideration still in They
I dread losing their settlement if oats go Milky.
This is their last hold on a ; tad
they must be very sure of What they may expect
before they will give it up.
All this points in oue direction, as no observer
eye htil to perceive. What mode of relief can com-
pare with that which should set down families of
workers beside the mills where they are wanted I
Even if it were certain that full supplies of no-
, objectionable cotton would be obtained a year, or
am' mouths hence, would it not be worth wFle to
enable these unemployed people to maintain them-
selves during the interval by spending on their
removal any amount which is not greeter than is
now paid from some quarter or another for their
subsistence T Is it out of the question for the
Relief Committees to assist their poor charges in
this way, in snob cases as that of Blackburn T It
is said that there are difficulties in the way.
There are difficulties in the way of all real
charity. The Relief Committees have handled so
many difficulties so exceedingly well that the
grateful nation may well be slow to believe that
there is anything obviously desirable that they
cannot effect. Any one of them which may take
this matter in hand will deserve and obtain further
gratitude ; and any one of them which succeeds
will hold a high place of honour in the history of
the rescue of Lancashire in the cotton famine.

THE inhabitants of Devon and Cornwall had
a narrow escape last week from a most no-
, pleasant visitation. Another outbreak took
place in the Convict Establishment at Dartmoor,
and seems to have only failed of a certain measure
of success through a misunderstanding as to the
time of the preconcerted signal. A considerable
number of the prisoners at Dartmoor are engaged
in the out-door occupations of ag,icialture, and it
was in a party of these that the mutiny
broke out, at four o'clock in the after-
noon of yesterday week. The men were in
possession of effective weapons in their heavy
iron spades, and their intention seems to have been
to have beaten down the fore of warders with
them, and then to have rushed through the outer
Pie of sentries, and, having gained their liberty,
spread themselves over the country in their old
character of robbers and garotters. It is stated
that the authorities of the prison had received an
intimation from one of the better disposed
convicts that some design of this kind was
formed, but no special importance seems to
have been attached to the information—if a

statement may be called information which is as
true at one time as another. Insubordination
tending to mutiny is chronic at Dartmoor, and
only a fortnight before this lest affair a mutiny
was attempted, the ringleaders of which have
since been punished with the lash, irons,
and bread-and•water diet. From the words
addressed by the ringleaders to their fellow-
convicts it ig plain that the mutiny had con-
siderable ramifications. The warden, however,

acted with energy under a determined chief, Mr.
Bates, and their attitude kept the mr4n body
of the convicts within the bounds of obedience.
These repeated outbreaks show that the authori-
ties at Dartmoor have not yet learned the secret of
governing criminals of the desperate class received
there. What has twice been attempted within three
weeks may be tried again with more imc-Ass, or if
the convicts do not get loose they may destroy
valuable lives in a conflict with their keepers.
Something should be done—and that soon—to
put the discipline of the place on a better footing.