The Express.
London, England, 1852-07-12 00:00:00

Zite OVVveOL

TO COB KIISPON DINTS.
• gaped PdtiMs of " Tbe Ispeenk" ecateMbed the esebe Melee*
" Worth.," le FAMINE may Tuesday sad Milky sleeks, la eiem
kit pat.
k .t.e3 tmeteele Weeded fee "TM Taprem." Wades Viola, pager,
sum be et tee (Mee, Ile lemerimdrest, by Tye e'sbeek is ibe
dky el mbelesties.

NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
toss Da—Norrim. M. to........Aiinres. M. P.
Nwasim..—lisralaa. ILL 4a.---ationans.lll. 3k..

LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 12,

Ir her ll.uzsrv's NH412'1224 and their follow-
ers were sincere converts to Free-trade,—as Mr.
DISRAELI, Lord STANLEY, Lord JOCELYPt, and
others would fahimake the towiipopulation believe—
they would not labour like the HOME SECRETARY, at
llolidhurst, on Friday, to spage the policy of 1846.
Mr. WALPOLE had preparedstatistics for the occasion,
and went to work diligently and artistically to show
that the policy of 1842, to which he and his friends
gave their assent, was very beneficial, whilst the
policy of 1846, which they opposed, was injurious.
The right hon. gentleman states clearly and
distinctly, that his party recognised, in 1842,
the principle of commercial freedom ; but " they sup-
ported dutua on all articles of import"; and though
he did not state, we know, that he and his friends
deserted Sir ROBRIIT PEEL in 1846—and not before—,
when, as the right hon. gentleman alleges, the duties
were entirely taken away from a large number of
small articles.

From a Secretary of State appealing to public
opinion with a view to enlighten it, we expect the
strictest accuracy and the most scrupulous veracity.
The facts, however, are that in 1844, the duty was
removed from sheep's wool to the discontent of the
Duke of RICHMOND, but with no opposition from
Mr. Wst.ren.x's present allies; that in 1445, the
duty on raw cotton, and the import duties on no
fewer than 130 small articles were abolished, without
any serious opposition on the part of the Tories,
though Mr. MILES made a stand on the "great grease
question." In that year the reduction of Cutouts
duties was estimated by Sir ItorruT PEEL at
1,000,0001. In 1846 he pursued the same course as
in 1842, 44, and 43, reducing or abolishing several
of the duties he had left on in 1842, such u the duties
on tallow, timber, woollen, linen, cotton, and silk
manufactures, paper hangings, metals, carriages,
candles. soaps, boots and shoes, hides, seeds, oil-
cakes, provisions, &c. ; but the chief object was to
reduce or abolish duties which gave a "protection to
the manufacturing classes." The loss to the revenue
was estimated from the reductions of Customs duties,
not, as Mr. WALPOLE says, at 1,250,0001., but
1,140.000/. Sir Itinitar PEEL pursued in 1846. in
respect to ell these duties precisely the same course,
and followed out the same principles in the same
manner as in 1842, 1844, 1845. when he had the
unanimous support of Mr. WALPOLE'S present
friends. lint he was constrained by famine in
1848 to propose also an immediate reduction
in the duties on corn and provide for their final
abolition (except the ls. duty, which, it is hoped,
the new Parliament will abolish), and then, and on
this account, and not on account of abolishing the
very small duties to which Mr. WALPOLE refers, did
the present ministerial party desert him. From the
support they gave him in 1844 and 1845 in abolish-
ing a great number of Customs duties, to ascribe
their desertion of him in 1846 to the reduction of
many small Customs duties is a mere pretext of the
Hour. SECRETARY.

Mr. WALPOLE having given " this perfect and just
description of the policy established in 1842 and
1846, went on to contrast their effects,and contended
that the former diminished pauperism and crime,
which the policy of 1846 did not. That there might
be no mistake on the subject, he had taken down the
figures, and we beg to copy the whole statement, as
a specimen of what a most respectable Tory Secre-
tary of State can do with statistics:
l'hi• poor rates in 1845 were 6,791,0061. That Was lbe
year before the repeal of the corn laws, and it wanted,
about the same in the years 1843 and 1844, or two years
after the new tariff of 1842. Now, what bad been the poor
rate since Me corm iota pea been repealed, and daring the
years 1847, 1848, end 1849 ? It was, as he had said,
6,791,0061. in 1845 ; in 1847 it was 6.966,8111. ; in 1848 it
was 7,817,4301. ; and in 1849, 7,674,1461. Coatnet the
figures, and then they would be enabled to tell whether the
improved condition of the country arose from the one-sided
policy of 1848, or the policy of 1842. The next thing was
the state of crime, and he owned he was astonished when he
looked at those returns. He would Like the three yearn
following the policy of 1842. and the three years following
the policy of 1846. Now, crime increased in this country
up to the year 1842. From 1842 to 184.5, for the first time
in the history of this country, crime, both in commitments
and in convictions, was materially diminished. In 1843
the commitments were 29,691 ; in 1844, 26,542 ; and in
1813, 24,303. Now, since tbe policy of 1846, which was to
give to the counts; corresponding sdvantsges, and when
tiity ought to have expected a diminution of crime, they
would find that in 1847 the siommitments were 28,833 ; is
1648, 30,119 ; and in 1849, 27,816.
For the admission, too plain to be overlooked, that
the principle of commercial freedom acted on in
1842 led, in two or three years, to a diminution of
pauperism and of crime, we are thankful, whether it
proceed from the candour or the inadvertence of
the right honourable gentleman. lie establishes the
fact, too, that such improvements do not take place
the instant an act of parliament is passed, but after
some months or years; and he gives us the opportu-
nity of reminding the reader that on every previous
occasion, as in 182'2, 1831-2, whenever commercial
restrictions were removed, and government tame
abolished, the people made a start in prosperity and
moral improvement, and went forward, till they
were again impeded by other restrictions and other
taxes, which they needs must get rid of before they
can take a fresh start. But this otherwise um-
form progress, the SECRETARY of BTATE,=
adrift our child-like faith in the in
lity of cause and effect, assures ye was a-
versed in 1846. There was theft ea eilitise
commercial freedom; them the mesh= sew ad&
fled and prospectively abolished i bat the
according to Mr. WALPOLE, was an If—
perism and crime.
It will be observed, however, that while A, gni
elects of the changes in 1842 were not imateaseall,
brought about se by enchsntseat, the evil eibile
the laws of 1846 are supposed to be reeelheleil In-
stantly in 1847. It is surprising also te Sad dim
attributed to the reduction of small dada%
the *nes in the corn laws, but it would bawl=
email, reverting logic of the Home SECRET= le
hen Wowed the increase of commitments and et per
in 1847 to the abolition of the law, vim
= corn
sok pieta on February let, 1849. He is
oareid, thusii:nrynta=g of the abolition for
which Se sacrificed their great
leader, and is emselpp eissild to attribute the evils
of 1847-69 to lbeeibsrlw dung "small duties."
Prosperity mid impend tin i did ensue in
1644-6, as stated by Mr. WALPOLE ; but Sir R.
Pal. was twitted by the Tides in 1846 with the
excellent harvest of the preying cycle es having ow
triSuted more to the im t thas his
They will not presume, t to ink—
Mr. 'Wm.rotx conveniently imt, the Meets e[
potato rot in 1845-6, of the pee Ass of smelt
rash railway speculation. md et the neseratile bank-
ruptcy of 1847, which assure en awe dibelnelly
he the anbmniat leerier d papdam ad abbe
Lbws M&lrnarot.e's redestine s( °me &lee
flue wee a ammetity, se everybody hot the lions
SECORTARY rashly knows, to pass the e
up Ad," in ease to settle the bedevil albite et
scene of ?silvers, fir witidi knedielis et ninny
capital had bum want, to the OW bow, doll
calm ea abiding ea yet by air bp
MA ad spasladoa my be melba bp dm Ira
d tea, wash Mr. WARPOLI applaud', Ina
tree hint the palsy of 1846 wag glad 80,1
be ameihnsea le -reesesessee el the Woe
the Week ate peke of wheat rase is the 111‘ 'Fmk
of 1647 to 102 a. 6d., and was es the sweep of the
whisk6Bs. Pd. There wee then a dearth solunt
the repos' of the men laws hem eabessprently
suarded an, end to that, nith general bankruptcy,
et ie the alteration er we small dodo. is the
imam of criesinalagto INS to be andbaL Is
16644 ibdo eeneits, was dad by was ado=
saw& ad add absilha fan abbb• soar
Freedseis, tiles neil the Noma
SIONETARY of =et Yard:ilivila eaeribee
the Wrens of edam in 1848 to the ram of 1848.
hullaii=aziplying statistics wadi big disraes-
lel and dullest pollard quack--la •
barotay d Sato it is either gross i
a wilbd amyl to mislead, each of whirriurimikp
unpardonable.

This is not all—more is
probably in possession ol
1831, and knows whether

easiest in that your or not.
dared them, but he does

strengthened his case.
Set only in possession
ECRETARY stops with 184 u.
the eeentry had begun to mover
of the previous years, the nue
had fallen from the maximum
upwards of 9 per cant.; and in 1860 they fell 'still
further, to 28,813, or nearly 4 per cent. additional.
Of this further rednetim, though it otsgla at least to
have been known to the HOME SECRETARY, in whose
department it is, and it has been stated in several
journals, be takes no notice, and actually mcribee to
the policy of 1846 an increase of criminality whisk
bas no existence.
A similar fact is observable in his poor law eta
tisties. It is true that in 1849 the sea raised sad
expended under the head poor rates was 7,674,1464
There our ingenious SECRETARY stops. A return
however, waslaid before the Moue of Commas last
May, which states the same expenditure for 1860
at 7,270,4931., and for 1851 at 6,778,914/., being
lower in 1851 than the poor rates of the SacanThirs
pattern year, 1845. Now, this expenditure embraces
the gross amount of the sums levied under
the head of poor rate, and includes eminty
and borough rates, police rate, and all the establish-
ment charges, which may remain unaltered or be in-
creased while the number of poor is diminished. As
an index to the diminution of pauperism, the totals
stated by the SECRETARY are delusive. Hut how
great was that diminution between 1841 and 1851
we showed on the sth instant; we shall now confine
ourselves to the decrease since 1849. We copy the
following figures from rtturns laid before the Home
of Commons.

Number of able-bodied poor relieved in England
and Wales oa the let of July :
1849 161,369

IMO 139.112
1851 131,209
showing a decrease in ABLE-BODIED PAUPERS of
25,441 in 1830, and a further decrease of 8,903 in
1831. A recent return, laid before the House by Sir
Joint TROLLOP!, but not similar to the former
returns—the statistical department of the govern-
' ment being disgracefully imperfect and inconsstent—
gives the whole expenditure for in and out-door
maintenance of the poor in the half-year ending
Lady-day
1851 1,678,065
18.52 1,620,647
a reduction of expense in 1832 as compared to 1851
of 51,4181. for the maintenance of the poor; showing
that the reduction in pauperism which began
in 1830, within one year titer the repeal of the corn
laws, continues in 1852. If our HOME SECRETARY
had been truthfully taking a statesman's part, ho
would have mentioned these facts to his Midhurst
constituents, but as he was only advocating the
cause of a discredited faction, he concealed facts that
told against his statement, and tried to make the
false appear to be the true.
We have now done with Mr. WAtrote. He has
the character of being one of the most discreet and
worthy of her Majesty's ministers; and if such be
the best sample, what must be the rest ? He quotes
Scripture, and tells us to look to men, not to mea-
sures. We take his advice, and hold him up—igno-
rant, uncandid, disingenuous, deceitful, bigoted, and
mischievous, as the type of that " Protestant Conser-
vative party," of which he is one of the chief leaders.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SATURDAY.

The shower of stones with which the navvies
about Victry greeted the General St. Arnaud in his
rides having poisoned the rural leisure of that mien-
ter, he is returned to Paris to relieve his colleague,
M. Dunn, of the interim charge of the ministry of
war. A decree to this effect appears in the Moniteur.
The official journal contains nothing besides of inte-
rest, if we except some symptoms of rigour in the
declared resolution to carry out the sentences of
death pronounced by courts-martial in Africa. One
of these IB a military crime, the murder or a corporal,
for which three common soldiers were condemned to
death. The trial has been revised at Paris, but no
extenuating circumstances have been disoovered to
mitigate the extreme sentence.
I mentioned some time ago that it was the inten-
tion of the President to raise M. de Pareigny to the
dignity of count. I hear that during these last
days a decree has been signed to this effect, which
will shortly appear io the Mossitessr. Apropos of
the August fetes, it is said that the marshals' batons,
which were not distributed, according to expecta-
tion, at the fete des aigles, will be bestowed on the
occasion of the Emperor's birthday. St. Arnaud,
Magnin, and others are talked of as on the point of
being elevated to this dignity.
A &natus Consultum, dated from St. Cloud, July
7, is published to-day in the Bulletin de Lois. It
declares that the nght of shooting, hunting, and
fishing conferred upon the President of the Republic
by a former Senates Conseltem of April 1, extends to
certain forests, farms, and ponds which it specifies.
I have looked through the constitution, with a view
to find out the article upon which this exercise alike
functions of the Senate is based, bat without swam
The Pre•ident is in possession of the royal palaces
by a title which must for the meant be taken to be
indisputable. But if there be any question as to the
extent of the privileges appertaining to them it
might be thought that the courts of law would
naturally be called upon to decide it. There is not a
word in the constitution to give the Senate jurisdic-
tion in a matter of property.
Despatches from M. Lamar, French ambassador
at Vienna, have been received, in whisk he speaks
of the gracious reception he has received ea his
return from Count Buol; bat apparently it is sot M.
Lacour's intention to accompany other stendmes of
the diplomatic corps to do honour to the Hawses
journey in Hungary.
The strikes ciontinne at Mons sad St. Quads.
At the latter place several fresh arrests hats bees
made.

The Pairie says it is moored that the Rumba
government has made known to its agents abroad
that all nations may mend their productions to the
great universal exhibition, which is to be held at
Moscow towards the end of 1832; but they will be
required to submit to the laws of the empire, and to
the
edspecial regulations which have been deter-
min mt.

SUNDAY.
It is settled that four of the ministers are to acoom-
pany the President on his Strasbourg trip. MM.
Biwa; minister of finances, Lefebvre-Durufle, mi-
nister of public works, Casablanca, minister of state,
and Deem, 'sinister of marine, are the members of
the cabinet chosen for this office. Magpie is to
keep a good look ont at Paris during the absence of
the had of the state, a task all the easier, as the ca-
pital shows no more signs of life during theme dog
days than a Turk during Ramaxan. M. de
Persigny is busy framing a list of mayors
and their deputies. M. Renal is preparing
himself for the sitting of the Council of In-
struction, at which no doubt the question of classi-
cal studies will be raked up. General St. Armand
would be out of place on so peaceful an occasion ss
the inauguration of a railroad. Such are the resesus
given for leaving behind the latter half of the
cabinet. The • invitations are not issued, as as
former occasions, by the Minister of Public Wad*,
but by the managing committee of the railway.
A project is preparing in the government eases
for the establishment of a central railway bank. One
feature of this plan, which has been recently siva
cated by the Steele, is to suppress the intervention of
agess-&-ehange for the transfer of railway shares,
and to divert to the treasury, in the shape of a tax,
all the fees forffinferning seek operations.
It appears thin Austria and Frame are best aps•
the dinsetstnreasat of the Swiss confederation. Oar-

Min it is that egotistical. have been- guing tut be-
twcen them two °surto relative to the ftmsh pro-
ect of annexing the calm& impulatissis of the
Jura, whir& were Gam under Me sway. Airdrie,
upon her ide, would be golly glad to swum the
Tessin mod other 4.161111 MOM s but, being bound
by stricter mipurscasata them France towards the
other Emma oblosto to the dismem-
berment Woo detwohod portions oftho
Swiss eon Mretisu be desired a neutral
under the collective protectorate of the catholic
powers.
The Mondeur de PArmee notices tho statements of

posts
dualists the Osneeil of &Ow It appears that the
cowl= asopsomil• lifth-palliftheir eatery to the
feeds ets MOW society men theentivee. This
aNii reeretulater ledrii=rus, at pre-
sent es home of hot jamb ster- I
ells. Ths reedire with Or wirier lie tilts of
the Bosky t big the direeter et the psalm is opposed
to this rut wants the institutiveto remain
as the saw isdng
The onsoncement in the Daily Nein, of July 9,
,that the French government is disposed to negotiate
for a liberal commercial treaty with England, is
quoted in all the papers, and has excited
etiesties. The paragraph has provoked the foirlrocievt
kg ion of protectionist alarm from the
, a journal happily without any official
eathoity or influence:
• mdlastlea of the enormous import duties paid in
fl ague French wines is doubtless desirable, although
in "beef aB that may be professed by a certain school, the
reduction can never have the effect of rendering the con-
sumption of these wines general among our aeiglibours on
the other side of the channel, and of thus assuring any con-
siderable market for our producers. But, however this
may be, the special and very limited advantages that might
result from this reduction, must not be purchased by the
universal ruin of oar natiousl industry, and this ruin would
be the inevitable tionsequence of the reduction upon the
"principal English articks," of which the Daily News
speaks.
The diseerrablie is probably not aware that so long
ass is the time of Queen Elizabeth, French wino in
quart measures was the common drink of the
osehanics of London. This fact is chronicled in-
ektistally in the famous monument of English juris-
called the " Six Carpenters' Case," reported
lead Coke. If the duties were now to be re-
lOWA tir greatly reduced there can be no doubt that
the eertramption would enormously increase, and in
all rastability the Elizabethan custom would speedily
revive. I would suggest to those British farmers
who may fear that a taste for French wines might
lead to a falling off in the demand for malt and hops,
that the French aregrcatadmirers of English beer, and
the exportation from London so considerably aug-
mented of late years, is yet but in its infancy. More-
over, the wino growers of Burgundy and Bordeaux
only require facilities of exchange to become buyers
of Cheshire, Gloucester, and Wiltshire cheeses, with
which France has nothing to compare ; and, although
the rare produce of the Itoquefort caverns is perhaps
equal in quality to Stilton acd Cuttenham, there is
variety of tastes enough to furnish a market for all
of them. As to the " inevitable ruin" to French in-
dustry by the introduction, on reciprocal terms, of
English manufactures, the argument is somewhat
inconsistent with the superiority so generally asserted
by the French to have been proved by them at the'
London exhibition. These and a host of other analo-

gods considerations may, it is to be hoped, calm idle
apprehensions on either side of the water.
-The government has ordered a lino to be surveyed
between Nancy and Dijon, with the view of effecting
a junction at those points between the Strasbourg and
Lyons railways. This important section is intended
to branch off from the Strasbourg line within a few
kilometers of Nancy, to pass through a tunnel under
tho neck of the Corbeaux, to descend towards the
Moselle, and then passing by Epinal, to proceed be-
tween Chaurnourcy and Girancourt to Couffans, and
thence by Velorcey, le Vsl Saint Eloy, Velma!, Raze,
Velexon, Gray, Essertenne, and Huge, to Dijon. The
length of this branch will be 2.10 kilometers, and the
estimated cost 90 millions of francs.

Among the persons who are to accompany M.
Lavalett. to Constantinople, I observe the name of
M Boilay, the well-known resdacteur of the anti-
tutionnel, and now secretary-general to the Council
of State. M. Lavalette will embark at Toulon to-
morrow. The stay of the Charlemagne at Constan-
tinople will not, it is said, exceed six dap.
The ministerial Cbrrespolicknce of Paris announces
that General Changarnier was still at Berlin on the
Bth, and that he had received from the Austrian am-
baasador such hints as had determined him to give
lup his intended journey to Vienna. The ex-com-
mander-in-chief of the army of Paris has, therefore,
modified his itinerary accordingly. lie left Berlin
on the 9th for Dresden, and will proceed thence to
Munich and the Tyrol.

1)
ato COMOZRETA filiTeral jFilvials that irnantitimtof eamemgrusel
of the • , return ' ye beim dthivey I ronsf•tbe magasiae embe
er the i te • (hal Messy to Com c, an*proseaucce the to
not. 1141 ha, be greatly imaggerated. The beggar, seat by order
lees sot. Ike would if t of the minister of wvaattnsists el &jaw tents nines-
Th 6 puiMe, bowkver, 1616 • vary foe the smite exerclom et the garrison
of those of 1850, Lid 'the troops of Compiegne.
i 1849. In that year, when The Momiteur announces that the bask of France
to recover frogs the disasters has established a brash at Amiens.
he number of commitments A dispute has arisen between the director of the
cimum in 1848 to 27,818, or posts and the Tariffs, which will be referred for
....