The Express.
London, England, 1852-07-03 00:00:00

CORRESPONDENTS.

• .4," ' "n, Es prem." coatalolog +be elm et agree
ev.ty Tutuila) cal Yttday *test. la Uwe
ke pock
astwurctoratc ouesecd for The Zs prow,"Lcallot !codas paw.
mum tc .t OtEce. Dotaveric.strost, ly Toro o'clock on the
day of pablisotke.

IRIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Iran DAv—lioraialt, lits. Is. Afteraoss. Sl. 230.
I wmossoirt—ltatatag. 3h. 44a. ... --Altman% 4k. Ms.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 3.

TUE Writs are all by this time in the hands of
the Returning Officers, and next week will indicate
with tolerable clearness what the New Parliament is
to be like. The City of London is to open the
ball on Tuesday, and will doubtless set a good ex-
ample to the rest of the cities and towns of the king-
dom. Indeed the Tories can find little sympathy in
the towns—the counties are their hope.
But even if the farmers should unanimously support I
the Derbyite candidates at the coming election, they
could not give the government a majority in the
House of Commons. For the farmers are by no
means unanimous in their support of Lord Waters
candidates, though the term Derbyite is to
be taken as synonymous with Protectionist,
because many farmers have ceased to regard protection
as a benefit, and—still more—whatever might be
their wishes on the subject have the sense to see that
the reimposition of protective laws is impossible.
These men of advanced views constitute a large and
influential section of the farmers, though they may
not at present be the majority of their class. There is
also another section of the agriculturists, whose sup-
port will fail the I terbyites in their day of need, and
these are the men who, still desiring to reimpose a
corn duty, regard the fast and loose professions--the
double-faced policy—of the government as disgraceful
alike to politicians and gentlemen. Lord Ostinv's
hold on these men —the still lingering Protectionists
—is daily becoming weaker and weaker. They na-
turally expected him to lead a firm and vigorous as-
sault on the free-trade policy, and, if unsuccessful, to
be at least the forlorn hope of Protection. Instead
of such a courageous course, they find the Citaxeet.soe
of the Emil taie ER offering the most complete vindica-
tion of the free-trade policy, by a simple enumeration
of its practical results, and when Lord DERBY would
Boothe their feeliogs by asserting that all reference
to -- agricultural distress" was properly omitted from
a "financial and fiscal" speech, he tells them that
his government is "a system of compromises and
concessious."
Cold comfort this for the Protectionist tenant-
farmers, who imagined their indifferent husbandry
was to be bolstered up by taxing the food of the rest
of the community. They know that the DEIST
government swats the hopes and wants of the
landowners; and what the landowners mean by a
comprxinse, where politics are concerned, is suffi-
ciently in'elligible to the farmers. They are per-
fectly aware that a compromise will be a surrender
of all the desires of the farmers, to attain sonic class
objects of landocracy.
Now, to farmers this term compromise is a moat
ominous one; they meet with it in all their relations
*with their landlords, and they find that it amounts
to concessions on the tenants' part of their
stoat important interests. Thus a farm is to
rbc let, and the intending tenant stickle stoutly
for sonic positive stipulation to protect him against
the depredations of the game the landlord proposes
/to reserve to himself, and after many ineffectual at-
tempts to obtain a written and binding agreement,
'he compromises the matter by accepting the verbal
engazement of the landlord or his agent, that there
`shall be n 4 damage done by game. Luckless and de-
nuded man;—he soon finds that be the damage what
,it may, his landlord never can nor will see it, and
the asseverations of the gamekeepers that the game
has had nothing to do with the failure of the tenants'
' crops, outweigh all the evidence to the contrary that
a tenant can adduce. Again, a tenant farmer demands
• improvements to be done on his farm as the condition
lof er gaging to pay the rent required, but the land-
lord w ill make no written engagement, though holding
out hopes that all the tenant wants will be done,
rand the tenant compromises the matter by entering
'upon the farm, relying on the honour of the landlord
to make good his implied engagements. Vain re-
iliance; the verbal promises of a landlord to his
tenant are, in nineteen cases out of twenty, frail as '
lovers' vows—unless prices go very low, and there is ,
'danger of the farm being thrown upon the landlord's
ihaads.
Sach and similar sompromises are only too fami-
liar to the farmers in their personal relations with
[the landowners, and they feel- instinctively that the
compromises in their public relations with the landed
jinterest will be of the same one-sided character.
Already Lord DeanY and his colleagues have
'suggested very plainly that relief to the agriculturists
'will not be given in the form of Protection, and
vague indefinite promises of some shifting of local or
ipeculiar burdens is to be the new trick for propiti-
'sting the farmers. But the farmers are beginning to
discern two points in connexion with this peculiar
burden question ; first, that the rest of the commu-
nity will not submit to bear the burdens which are
fairly and properly incident to the land; and
secondly, that whatever burdens may be shifted from
,the land will go in ease of the landlord and not of
the tenant.

The compromises and concessions which aro "to
blend the interests of all in one harmonious whole "
will, if made at all, aggrandise the owners of rents,
not relieve the occupiers of land ; the sacrifices will
be made by industry and capital, including the .it-
dustry and capital engaged in cultivating land, to
propitiate the-Moloch of the landed interest.
The tenant-farmers know that their peculiar ques-
tions are unheeded by the landed legislators, who
rely on agricultural aid for upholding their political
!supremacy. They would rat hear the county
candidates offer to vote for repealing the game lam—
er for measures to secure the capital of the tenants—
or to alter or abrogate the law of distress—or the
'like, than make promises of impossible Protection,
and talk vaguely about peculiar burdens. Not a
few of them say, " it is not so mach legislation we
want se better arrangements with our landlords."
They know that the ssyystem of yearly tenancies is
preferred by the landkrds for the sake of retaining
greater control over the land; but they are getting
sick of this kind of semi-feudal dependence.
!proprietors are getting more and more into debt, and
the exceptions to fair and generous dealings with
their tenants are every day becoming more nume-
rous. The farmers, moreover, see more of the world;
, they go to agricultural shows—aye, even to Protec-
tionist meetings—and there pick up more of that prac-
tical evlue,ition which men acquire by mixing with
their fellows; and they begin to dislike the dependence
implied in yearly tenancies ; and they know that
,more capital than formerly must be invested in the
cultivation of a farm, and they require some effective
security for its repayment. All-these are matters which
the farmers have to adjust with their landlords, the ad-
jostment of which landowners will stave off eel
long as they can ; and both parties are aware that'
all the pretensions about Protection and legislative
relief to agriculture furnish so many excuses for post-
poning such adjustments, the necessity for which the
tenants feel to be imminent.
Nor do farmers forget that, while they have to
make extra exertions and greater outlays to get •
living profit, their landowners have had their rents
more than doubled. The fact that during the last
eighty years the average rent of land has risen 100
per cent —without exertion, outlay, or thought, on
the part of the landlords—the price of wheat and
other grain being no higher—this fact, we say, can-
not he overlooked by tenants, and they must feel they
have been catspaws long enough. All them Way
must tell against the Tories in the coming contest.

It is within the memory of many of In that
Kew Gardens were the only plass in England,—
England so renoweed for centuries for her garden-
ing,—where foreign plants were Land in any va-
riety ; and the carnage plants in Kew Gardens, at the
beginning of the century, were chiefly from New
Holland. By the ocartsey which often redeems the
brutalities of war, the botanists and florists of Europe
maintained an alliance where all others were foes ;
but though they shared one another's knowledge,
they could do little in the way of exchange of plants.
In the midst of the storms of the French revolu-
tionary war, a solitary dahlia was cherished in the
greenhouse of a Nlarchioness ; and Lady HOLLAND

brought more from Spain in the beginning of the Nile
tury ; but the acquisition was sat tristocratiliMeireeL
The China rose was another such marvel; And it
was not till the sunshine o spread 4.ime.gk
the land that it took firm roKin the cottagesrger-
den and began to peep pto this lattice. his vary
different now. At hundreds of flower-ahem, cot- '
tagers exhibit thousands of dahlias fur more splendid
than the :Marchioness of the last century dreamed
of; and when CLEorAnu gave 2001. for the roses for
a single feast, it is pretty certain that her expensive
luxury was less brilliant than the children of many
an English village could now exhibit. If Peace
carries her horn of plenty, she bears also her cornu-
copia of beauty. M e have reason to say so; for in
our islands she has shed abroad flowers from all
the lands that the sun shines upon. It was
not that the taste for this innocent charm
was ever wanting among our people. In the
most dreary days of the war, when taxes were
most abunduut, and food was moat scarce, there were
thousands of the poor who, hoping nothing else,
hoped for the blooming of their flowers. The
Spitalfields weaver fed his tulips, while he himself
was hungering. Many who had nothing else had a
geranium, in a bottle, in the window. We remem-
ber seeing, in thew dismal days, a starveling child
poking with rusty scissors between the flints in a
paved yard to plant a daisy. The taste was there
inextinguishable, and now it seems to be finding its
gratification more and snore abundantly with every
added year of peace. Witness the annual increase
of flower shows through the length and breadth of
the land.
There is, perhaps, no popular indication more
cheering than this. It is an instance of the true
working of natural laws which we seldom see in
so unquestionable a shape. It may be always true,
that the rich and the wise are eventually the servants
of the poor and the ignorant ; but we da not often
see this great truth so clearly illustrated. The Arabs
in Spain, Louts XIV. in France, the nobles of Italy,
the monks of Germany, our own BACON and EVRLIN,
our dukes and peeresses, were those who sowed our
cottage gardens with the flowers of all climes, and
grafted fruits for our peasant children to gather.
They. loitered away a good deal of their time in cul-
tivating echoes instead of orchards', and laying out
shellwork instead of flower beds, and contriving
bowers of water instead of blossoms ; but they did
good permanent work too, as our flower and fruit
festivals now show. The work will not
stop here. Our generation will bo the servants
of a future one, as the past has been
of ours. The present country is working
for the future town. if science has prepared
the way for production, present production will pre-
face the way for future science. The mere accept.
ance of boons of this virtuous kind is an offering of a
new boon to an unborn time. To secure this, how-
ever, we must not make too sure of the benefit.
There are instances before our eyes which show that
barbarism may return upon this most innocent deve-
lopment of civilisation. In the country where
CLEOPATRA so regaled her guests with roses, the
wretched women of the Pacus's hareem know no
better than to romp among the flower-beds, in the
garden at Rode, and trample down the choicest plants.
In Persia and Turkey, which once had more
flower-wisdom and beauty than all other countries in
the world, an European gardener can only break his
' heart, for want of sympathy. We must keep up the
sympathy, now that it is awakened through all the
ranks, if not among all the classes, of our popula-
r tion. But there cannot really be any fear of a de-
cline in a taste so refined.
Meantime, how pleasant is the spectacle which our
summer months present to us! There is much more
than the array of beauty and fashion at Chiswick
and the Regent's-pare, and the exquisite display of
blooms and fruitage which they meet to criticise.
It is pleasant to see the owner of Chatsworth, and
the flushed boy who hugs his flower-pot, sharing the
same interest. It is pleasant to think of the orderly
rush of the Nottingham lace workers and stock-
ingers into their new a boretum, where they are to
become qualified to beer their part in future flower-
shows. It is pleasant to see the first humble begin-
' ning of a flower and vegetable show, in a single
tent, in some country town, and hear praised the
' wonderful roots and fruits, till the cottager. begin to
dream of beating all England. It is pleasant to think
of tho interest about the weather—hitherto the

standing joke against the farmers—extending to
many who have till now had but few interests at all.
Thee arc many who once let cloud and sunshine
pass over them unobserved, and cared for frost
and drought only as they were in want
of lire and water—many who grow quick and ob-
servant about the atmosphere and the hours, and lose
their listlessness in thou: innocent solicitudes about
vegetation which arc one of the charms of rural
life. It is pleasant to think of the new tie estab-
lished between town and country, when the country
people strive fur the verdict of the town, and the
townspeople owe a new pleasure to their humble
neighbours of the lanes and fields. It is pleasant to
see how the dwellers in dim streets and narrow attics
become eager about allotments, and handle the spade
in the evenings instead of the pint pot. It is pleasant
to see the young gaining knowledge, even science,'
through the channel which overflows at the same
time with health and pleasure. It is all pleasant—
every aspect of the fact of the growth of horticulture,
shown in the increasing popularity of flower-shows—
from that of Chiswick and the Royal Botanical to—
where is the bottom of the scale?

There is an end of the scale; for there are too
many places in England still where there are no
popular pursuits or interests at all—still, nothing
better than the public-house. There is no suitable
ground for cricket the people have forgotten
how to wrestle—they never hear any music—there
is no theatre, good or bed—there is no reading-room.
One sober youth tries to understand geometry, and
another makes a little museum of mineralogy : but
there is uncommon interest and no amusement out of
the public-house. A stray lecturer perhaps comes,
makes a few of them uneasy, and goes away
where he does not see them drop back Into drink,
simply from having nothing else to do. Why have
these people no gardens? Ah! why? Ask the
gentry why. Press the landowners for a reason why
there should not be, in all their wide neighbourhood,
a garden for every man who can pay rent for it, and
flower-shows, the whole summer through, for all
who love to look at flowers, and all who would be
proud to grow them.

NOTICES OF MOTION FOR NEXT SESSION,
wilful POW STAXD IX TIM 01DI1 10031 Or TUX
KOCHI Or DOXISONS.

Sir W. Ciro—Select somallso, W arrilier whether It
be not eapedirat that prowl*. Anil to Node for taking
the Tow+ of peollamortMey dooms se tin vows are new
by law takes in ib do 1100 of Iran Law Guard ni%
osioelz, at the steidesem dart eiselt.
fie Do L. Zooms—To bow the Woad= alio limo
its Sisaber of troops statism& is sew Mod% ma to it
WINK portieslarr of espoollloso imosel
ft to rehoot
of Lowirro. eldwr by eitssibg previdellaniMi SW I=
cipsi Owporatiort Act to dr Cliy. Sc by the
• bill having special referents OD the City of Lookirs.
Sir R. H. Isaias—To oil the attend.= of the bouto to
the aboesaliee sad iserawollsoses of, the eosoarrest drift

ci the bsumissi he someiNele ea dr ism days sad at the
seam Mom

ossmolOss sus firs Issas=

Tut New MILMA AeL—Taisedey the New
Militia Act, containing 38 misers., en penes& In the 14
awl 15 Vie., my. 38, all proosedings kr end ranks; to the
balloting or enrolment of antigens need until
the Ist of October neat, subject to rho poem her Majesty
by order in council to direct yrossellesa %den the orpim-
ent of that period. " And chooses kIS ewpwilwat fee the
better fulfilltm the purposes oftbenadtwdeu of allgia,
with as little dinurbance u may he to the erdiery
the. of the people, that the laws for rang sad
the IRMA should be amended." The an proceeds to One
that regulations may he made by the Secretary of Stele so
M miles., of the militia. The number of private nadir
'mem IS es& to eased 80,
30,000 in 1853, by e.. = 000, of which 60,000 :zo raised
la the prosaut year, And
Want. The bounty money is not to eland IL, the
periodical payment or Worm* ia not to nosed atter the
rate of 2s. gg, per mouth dg the term of servieet kw
which the volunteer is en.r. Where mon minest he
raised by voluntary enlistmen t ber Majesty Ceenoll nay
order a ballot. Men not liable to the ballot Raw U yens
of age. The militia way be ced:,4 out for now
than ones a year. In case of Merolla or insists*
her Majesty may raise the militia to ;!10,000 seem.
ART-EDUCATION Or CITILDREN.—Let us here
mention, in a parenthesig, that we have (timid the children
of the Sovereign at nine in the morning at the Museum of
Practical Art; and on another ocevion, at the saw hour.
amidst the Elgin marbles—not the only wise hint to the
mother; of Englund to be found in the highest plan. Ar-
cu.tum your riiildrt n to find 'wanly in goodness and good-
nest in beauty.—The Builder.

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY

'the
ppuntesa da Neuiq the and Duchess
de Napaaprs, Prinoe and 1 rliwss t. Jensen* and the
Duke wad Duehess de Montplenaier, visited her Majesty
yesteplay at I.lueliioslasta Pales.. The Countess de Hearn),
and Nair Royal Highnesses afterwards paid a ?Wit to the
Duchess of Kent, at her residence, Clarence House, St.
James's.

'Etc Court.

di M

Duke • -
to

Prince Albert rode out oa horseback yesterday, attended
by Col. Boiaverie.
The Prince of Wahl, attended by M. Gibbs, took an
airing in an open earring° yesterday.
The Princess Royal and the Princess Alice trek a car-
riage drive yell relay morning.
Colonel the lion. Charles Grey has relieved Major
General Buckley in his duties as Equerry in Waiting to the
Queen.

A dtputation, including the Marquis of Westminster,
Earl de Grey, Lord Dynevor, and Colonel Wood, had an
interview with the Earl of Derby yesterday, at his official
residence, in Downing•street.
The Duke of Cleveland hod an interview with Mr. Secre-
tary Walpole yesterday at the Home-office.—Mr. Enem
M'Dosinell had also an interview with the Right lion.

Secretary.
The Cummiasionen for the Reduction of the National
Debt had a quarterly meeting yesterday at the official resi-
dence of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Downing-
street. There were present the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, the Accountant-General of the Court of Chaucery,
the Governor of the Dank of England and the Deputy-Oo-
Termer. The Seeretary and Comptroller-General to the
Commissioners, Sir Alexander Spearman, attended.
Earl Jerrnya had an interview with Mr. Secretary Wal-
pole yesterday.
Earl de Grey transacted business at the llosne-afice yes-
terday.
Sir Charles Barry had an interview with the Earl of
Derby yesterday at his OISCioI residence in Downing. street..
Despatches were sent from the Colonial-otlice yesterday
to the Governors of the North American provinces.

(From last night'. (Madre.)
BCCKINGHAM-PALACE, JULY I.—Present, the
Queens Most Excellent Majesty in Council.—Her Majesty
in Council was this day pleased to appoint Rico Roberto, of
Tad y Llyn, Eaq., to be Sheriff of the ireasty Aogleac),
in the room of Evan Lloyd, of Maes y Perth, Esq., de-
ceased.
DOWNING-STREET, Ju 20.—The Queen has been
gneiously pleased to give orders for the appointment of
William Gore Ouseley, Esq., soraetime her ajesty's Mi-
nister Plenipotentiary to the Argentine Confederation, to be
an Ordinary Member of the Civil Division of the Second
Class, or Knights Commanders of the Moat Honourable
Order of the Bath ; also been gr.iciously pleased
to give orders for the appointment of Lieutenant-General
Chores McLeod, C.D , of the East India Company's Ser
vice, to be an Ordinary Member of the Military Division of
the Second Class, or knights Commanders of the said Most
Honourable Order.
DOWNING-STREET, JUNE 29.—The Queen bah been
pleased to appoint Robert Pritchard, Esq. to be Collector of
Customs for the Island of St. Helena; also been pleased to
appoint Captain John Russell Domvile, of the Royal Artil-
lery, to be Collector of Customs for the Island of Trinidad.
COMMISSIONS SIGNED h% TIIE LORD LIEUTENANT
Or CARDIGANSIIIIIIII..—George Williams rain, Req., and
John Propert, Esq., to be deputy-lieutenants.

A Supplement to last (Friday) night's Gazette
gives directions for the Court mounting for the lute Count
Mens.torf-Koually, uncle to the Queen. It commences to-
morrow (Sunday); changes on the 11th inst., and maws
on the 15th inst.