The Express.
London, England, 1852-02-04 00:00:00

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, TIMIDAT EVINING.
Birch, the proprietor of the late IVorld news-
paper,
r was this day arrested on a bench warrant, for
theinfamous libels which appeared in the last num-
bers of his journal, against Mrs. French, the daughter
of Mr. Brettreter, Q.C. True bills of indictment against
he were fond by the grand jury in the Queen's
Boma at the commencement of- last term, and the
Mid of the um will probably come on next term.
Mr. CauMald. a relative. I believe, of Lord Cherie-
mat% has bola appointed governor of the Four
Courts Manilas&

lbws was a maser is town to-day that Father
Mathew, ssiabrabld r the " Apostle of Temperance,"
died Is Durk last ate. It is certain that he had
Wane:thee sarbmsaliasir stillness, but, socceding to
sow assasab, he recovered, and it is hoped that the
mars sliding news is not true.
Tb sessadiury on the trial of Francis Kelly, for
tY asurdsr of ?dr. Bateman have disagreed, and,
like the first, will be discharged without agreeing to
a verdict.

TICE NATIONAL LAND COMPANT.—Yeeterday the
t=diis in this matter were resumed before Master in
r; Humphry, in Vice•Chaneellor Kinderalsy's court,
which was crowded in expectation that the examination of
Mr. Norge' O'Connor would be continued, but Mr.
O'Coanor, though informed that his attendance wouldnot
be excused by reason of its being the first day of the open-
ing of the house, did not make his appearance throughout
the day. The proceedings were then directed to the era-
minium of witnesses on some alleged fraudulent transac-
tions connected with the sale, conveyance, mortgage, and
allotments on the Minster Level estate, in Oxfordshire, and
as to the summary ejectment of between 60 and 70 tenants
therefrom. Mr. Bagshawe appearing for the mortgagees,
and Mr. Roxburgh for the (Acid manager. The
witnesses examined were Mr. Lee, solicitor, of Witney ;
Mr. Weeving, corn merchant, Osfonl; sad Mr. Pinneek,
of Chimney, farmer. Mr. O. W. Chinery, the London
agent of Mr. Roberts, who was solicitor to the Land Corn.
pony. was also examined et ernisiderable length, and stated
that Mr. Roberts held the title deeds of the various estates,
in respect of a general lien td some 3,0001. or 4,0001., for
professional costs connected with the company ; but he be-
lieved that Mr. Roberts, who was willing to facilitate the
inquiry, would hand them over to Mr. Ooodehap, the
official manager, on receiving a proper undertaking to be
paid. Mr. Chinery then produc,al a voluminous corre-
spondence, showing that after Mr. O'Connor had purchased
the Minster Level estate from Messrs. Weeving and Pin-
neck tor 9,000 f., subject to a mortgage, he located members
and built houses upon it ; but finding the tenants did not
pay rent, as the Land Company had exhausted
him, and as he could not get money enough to
pay the interest °lathe ntortatige from the refractory rascals,
e determined on meeting tl.eur. Witness, with this view,
" co-operated" with Mr. bee, who ported that on die:
re
tresses being attempted the officer was resisted, and the
mob made him decamp. An orvanised watch was kept to
prevesit seizure. The hots& to were all fastened, and nudis-
t:woes could be made ere, pt upon the land or vegetables.
Mr. Lai, is the course of his esernination, stated that the
screw and CA. sea. were put on the allotteet, and some were
sent to Oxford Castle, from whence they had only recently
hen released. In SUMO instances tie sheriff 's officers were
dninarned off the estate, which had 15,000 f. laid out on it
in buildings •, and it was generally rumoured that Mr.
O'Connor laid out a great deal of money foolishly. The
proceedings chivied at four o'clock, Mr. Rozburghintimating
that if Mr. O'Connor did not attend he should have to
apply for a peremptory order of court to compel him.

PARLIAMENT.

OPENING OF THE SESSION.

HOUSR OF LORDS.—TuenDaT, Fah. IL
The Ilissaan of 1862 wee opened to-day by the Queen in
person. The doom of the Hour of Peen were open at 12
o'clock, and from that time the arrival of peers, peeresses,
and those persons who had been fortunate enough to obtain
orders, was continuous until the magnificent chamber was
filled with as isessaaldagis of handsomely attired Ladies,
about fifty yeas in their peculiar robes, a full attend-
ance of the carps diplonsatique in their varied tug-
forms, and a pester number of judges than we have ever
seen present as a similar occasion. The whole mese wee
one of much bean and grandeur, the entire body of the
house and plinks, filled with gaily dressed ladies,
the varied colours of whose dresses with their jewels and
other personal ornaments presaged a teed eneernble the
effect of which weeadmirable.
The judges present were Lord Campbell, Mr. Justice
Coleridge, lir. Juatiee Erie' Mr Baron Platt, Mr. Justice
Pattesos, the Lord Chief Baron, Mr. Berea Parke Mr.
Justice Made, Mr. Justice Williams, Lord Chief Parke,
Jervis. Mr. Justice Talfourd, Mr. Justice Cresswell, end
Lord Crsnworth. Among the bishops we notic d the Arch-
bishops of Canterbury and York, the Bishop of London, the
Bishop of Oxford, the Bishop of Hereford, the Bishop of
Rochester, and the Archbishop of Dublin.
The Lord Chancellor arrived shortly before two.
Among the peers present we observed the Duke of Wel-
Buxton, Earl Oranville, the Marquis of Normauby, Earl of
Minto, the Doke of Northumberland, the Earl of
Clanri-
cattle, Lord Milford, Earl of Enniskillen, Lord Strangford,
Earl C Earl Talbot, Earl Shaftesbury, Earl
Wilton, Lord Dysarrt, Earl /3:bridge, Earl Devon, and
Lord leozburgh.
At a quarter past two the booming of cannon announced
the arrival of the Queen. liar Majevy had alighted under
the Victoria Tower, where the Lord Great Chamberlain
and other high officers of state were in attendance to re-
ceive her. Her Majesty then proceeded up the Grand
Staircase, and ou reaching the landir.g penal to the right
into the Robing Room, at the south end of which a throne
had been erected. The walls of this apartment were
covered with crimson cloth, with the exception of a large
space on the north wall, which was occupied by a fresco
painting. The ceremony of robing having been completed,
her Majesty left the chamber through a seared door, open•
ing into the centre of the Royal Oglery, down which the
Queen and the royal procession passed. From the gallery'
her Majesty passed taw the Prince's Chamber, entering the
House of Lords on the right of the throne, as usual.
The Queen, who was supported by Prince Albert, was
preceded by the Duke of Wellington with the sword of
state, the Marquis of Normsuby (in the absence of the
Marquis of Lansdowne from indisposition) bearing the
crown on a velvet cushion, the Mistress of the Robes, a
lady in waiting, and the other usual officers of state were in
attendance.

Her MAjesty wore a silver tissue dress, and a brilliant
tiara of diamonds. Iler role and train were composed of
dark crimson velvet, embroidered with gold. Prince Albert
wastatired in the uniform of a Field Marshal.

The Commons having been summoned in the usual way,
the Queen read the royal speech, which appeared in yes.
terday's &prem.
The Queen then withdrew in the usual form, and their
lordships adjourned during pleasure.
The house resumed at die o'clock.

THE ROYAL SPEECH.—THE ADDRESS.
The LORD CHANCELLOR reed the royal speech,
which having also been read by a clerk at the table,
The Earl of ALBEMARLE rose to propose that a hum•
ble address be presented to her Majesty in answer to the
gracious speech from the throne. It was with much anxiety
he called upon their lordships fur this annual exerts.
lion of their respect and loyalty to the sovereign—
an anxiety arising not merely from the novel position in
which he found himself placed in addressing their lordships
fur the first time, but from • sense of the nature of the im-
portant topics which had been necessarily introduced into
the toys' speech, and to which, consequently, it was incum-
bent on him to call their lordships' attention. Her Majesty
assured them that she continued to moil:Rain the most
friendly relations with foreign powers ; and he could rea-
dily anticipate the satisfaction with which their lordships
would receive that gracious announcement. If they took
a rapid glance at the events which had transpired
in various parts of the c. ntinent from February,
1848, to this present February, 1852, and compared them
with the events which had happened at home, their lord-
ships would concur readily that they had every reasou to
be most grateful for the possession of the Institutions under
which we had the happiness to live; for, while political
storms had visited almost every ether country, we had es
perienced • calm of pro.perity almost without precedent in
the annals of our own island. But, whilst we might na-
turally indulge in feelings of partiality for oar own institu-
' Pons, we should not be unmindful of what was due to
others. We were bound to respect every nation,
and every people had a right to live under the
constitution which they mibht choose to select. It was a
privilege which we claimed fur ourselves, and one which
we were bound to recognise in other nations. (Neer.)
Ravin-' bristly alluded to the different points touched upon
in the speech,the noble lord said,the speech went on to e xpries
satisfaction at the large dirniuution of the taxation id the
people : it stated the revenue of the past year to be fully
adequate to the demands of the public service, whilst the
reduction of taxation had tended greatly to the relief and
comfort of her Majesty'. subjects. He would trouble their
lordships with but a very few figures on this subject. He
found that, in 1842, the real or declared value of British
and Irish produce and manufactures exported was 47,381,0001.
There appeared from that period down to 1848 to have been
a gradual increase in the amount of exports; but in 1848
there was • falling off of 5,900,0001. below that of 1847.
Now, this involved an important fact. Their lordships
would remember that 1848 was • year of continental
disturbance and commercial depression, sad that ehowed how
completely our interests were bound up with the peace,
contentment, and order of our foreign neighbours. (Hear,
hear.) lie was aware that there were other Moses in 1848
for this defalcation—there were very considerable railway
speculations, much overfeeding, and much distress from the
disease in the potato root ; but be alloyed that the social
disorder of our best customers on the continent of Europe
was the real and principle cause of the fake off. (Hear,
hear.) From 1848 to 1860 there was a oestintsal rim, and
in the latter year (1860) there was an enerseens increase
over 1848 of 19,690,7161. in that short period. In 1843 the
unmet, in round amebas, was 44 =MOM lIM6 a hale
abbot in 1861 our =rkiliestletyisiersesed terldellesSlNN. Thus
the ewers sten eierseaties bed nereseed more
this are eset. lifer bed slid that the reduction
of rustics bed inded greedy to the relief sad antort of
her sebnin ; sew wee edemas of that fact wee te be fuund
in the decreased winber at pause reselreilin ender
the poor law asibidein es well me is the wisMMm at their
expenditure; he leek the bola" mad moneted to
378,1164.; whilst In the ant year it bed bus diminished to
312,0004.; the owl deer relief ammented le 1847, to
4,446,6904.; in the next year, 1848, W espenditure was
6,180,7044. in 1860, it was 6,396,01114. ; being a radii°.
tion of 786,7421. la the nationslexpenditine. '1 be decrease
is the number et these receiving pew law relief, and the
diminstite et eepeeilture was ea the ally evidence of the
well =sof the pestle; be bed is asinnt of two impor-
tant • 11111•Mill.paliS which tend to be called the
luxuries ef tie pen, bat whisk lbese *sir Improved con-
dition might wow be termed Ihe almanriss of lite—he
meant tea sad anger ; aegis Wel bees *et this corn-
roodity of tea bed use sere mid
em imam the
morality of the people they all their lordships.'
statutes put together. In 1842 there were 37,365,911
Ilse of tea imported into this country, whereas in
1861 the quantity had increased to 63,000,000 lbe. The
amount of sugar showed greater increase than that of tea.
In 1842 the sugar imported amounted to 3,868,468 cwt.,
whilst in 1861 it had increased to 6,236,674 cwt., being
2,000,300 cwt. over the keener year, or an increase of 61 per
cent.; and allowing foe a deduction cif 14 per emit. in the
increase of population, it would make as Woesas of 47 per
cent. These two articles of tea and sugar contributed
nearly 10,000,0001. annually to the revenue. The duty on
tea alone last year was nearly 6,000,0001., and the revenue
thus afforded exceeded that which was paid from malt.
Her Mejesty's speech next referred to this being a fit and
proper tame for an improvement in the representation of
the people in the other House of Parliamene Such a mea-
sure would necessarily) originate in that house, and he
would only call their lentil:nye' attention to it toe:pressen
hope that their lordships would take the subject into consi-
deration whenever it came before these. lie must
now throw himself on the indulgemos of the house,
and would conclude by moving the ee of the address.
The noble lord then read the address, as leseth.
Lord LEIUM having concluded • brief speech by second.
ing the adoption of the address,
The Earl of DERBY said that, important and multifari-
ous as were the topics treated of in the speech from the
throne, he was happy to be able at the outset to say that
neither in the terms in which those topics had been treated,
nor in the topics themselves, did he find any grounds for
complaining. But he should not feel that he was
doing his duty in the position which he held in
that house, and to the party to which lie was at-
tached, if he did not shortly express kis opinion on some
of the topics ; and in expressing his own opinion, he be-
lieved, he should be giving utterance to that of the party
with whom he acted. He had said that the topics were of
a multifarious description, and of considerable importance,
and he must also add, with due respect to those
who framed the speech, that he never saw one in
which such various topics were jumbled together,
in such total absence of all connection. It began with our
relations with foreign powers; they were then transported
half across the globe to the Cape of Good Hope; from
thence they returned to tranquility in one part ut Ireland,
and outrage in another: theuce they pasted to the exp. is-
diture fur the public- service, end then to • reform in the
Court of Chancery; from that they prue.eded to a reform
in the system of representation—nut here, but in New %ea-
land--(laughter) ; and then they came back to the 'atelier -
lion which her Jdujeety hit at the economical prospects of
this country; and thee, having disposed of New Zeeland,
her Majesty thought it worth while to recommend some
little attention being paid to our representation at home
(A laugh.) Rumours had prevailed that the cabinet hail
not been of late in a state of very perfect organise-
tlun ; and lie could hardly account tor such a
medley of topice unless it was on the supposition that
one of each of the fifteen menders of thu cabinet had
introduced a topic into • ballot box, and drawn lute fur
precedence. (Much laughter.) List year the government
thought fit to express great regret at the distress which pre-
vailed amongst the agriculturists. The year before, the
royal speech alluded to " the complaints which were heard ;"

...tai if. the distress which prevailed
tat Ipordsta abet Majesty's subjects in the
_AM" The subject bad been altogether
oThlfred from Abe wench this year; but he was at
s Ms to ledi‘jda "bat degree the prospects of the
legrieffiterista bun materially bettered since
lOW you- (Sm. ' hear.) If a statement which he
bed seen in the wesopepers was true, there was one class
which ha had la aeassetnilat•—not the agriculturiets, but
the bakers. In seasettsenee of the rise of 20. • quarter in
the price of cows, ea homes of Id. per loaf had been made,
labs an increase of anedlftit ea the manufacture of the
1 geode produced, eonsequest on its being increased one-
twentieth in price. He was anxious that the increase in
die tuts of the 41b. loaf to the consumer might rest on the
to which that increase was justly attributable,
and that they should not be told that the increase in the
Flee of corn was to lead to an Mousse in the price of the
Ob. loaf. He did not wish to aggravate or overstate any
port of the cue, and he was ready to state that the reduc-
tion of the price, of agricultural produce from the repeal
of
the corn laws was not as low as they had thought it
would be: barley and oats maintained their price to a
greater extent than they had reason to expect. But with
Z:to the most important of all agricultural produce,
ti , the effect of the repeal of the law on the price of
wheat had been greater than it was said it would be at the
period when they protested against that repeal ; and at
the present moment tho price of wheat was very far
Wow that which the repealer. of the corn laws
*selves said it would be ; and was within a
Wilk of the amount which it was when they were assured
tot government that the then price was a purely excep-
state of things. (Hear, hear.) For the last three
or four years the price of wheat had been perpetually fun-
ks in this cumery ; and his firm belief was now, as it had
been three years ago, that the ploduction of wheat in this
weantry, uuleu some alteration of the law took place, must
W • great extent diminish--an extent that would be incon-
venient, not to say dangerous, to the agriculturists. (Hear,
hear.) He did not look with indifference at the
question of the importation of the article of wheat from
keeian countries, because, unless he was misinformed, we
bed had practical proof that foreign countries considered
k their own interest to prohibit the exportation of that
amply on which we were mainly led to depend. lie
was by no means convinced that the repeal of
the corn laws might not lead in some instances to extreme
Ihretuations in price and, for a short period, to very ag-
gravating and distressing prices ; but ho WAS
confident that the effect of the repeal, the total repeal,
must be to render this country more and more dependent
on foreign countries for the principal proportion of its
supply. lie thought such a state of things dangerous to
this country, and he hail not in the 'lightest degree altered
his opinion that, for the purpose of revenue, and protec-
tion to native industry, it was desirable that agricultural
produce should be included among the list of those articles
of import upon which a revenue should be raised. (Cheers
from the protectionists.) At the commencement of
last year they were told, in most pompous language, that an
imprudent and violent aggression had been made on the to
dependence of this country ; that there had been an attack
on its religious liberties; that there was an organised con-
spiracy against the protestant liberties of this country ; and
that statement was made the foundation fur the re-enact-
meet of the whole of the penal law—a measure which oc-
cupied the attention of parliament, almost to the
exclusion of all other subjects, from the commence-
ment to the end of the session, the object being
to repel this insolent foreign aggression. lie thought at
the time that there was serious danger threatening the pro-
testant institutions of this conntry, but ho thought also
that the government proposed to deal with the surtece, and
not with the substance, of the evil they had to encounter ; '
and although he felt it to ho his duty to support the bill
they brought forward, he could no' but feel that it was net
calculated to carry into effect the limited object it professed
to accomplish Now, he wished to ask if any one of her
Majesty's ministers would get up in that house, and with a
grave face tell him that they were satisfied with the
result of that measure ? Ile wished they would tell him
in what respect the law they then mimed bad been effective
—in what degree the aggression had been repelled, or se-
curity taken tor the protestant liberties of this country
against the see of Rome. lie rejoiced to see the noble earl
(Grey) taking a note of that question, because he should
like to know if he could get up in that house, and on the
part of himself and his colleagaes state that the effect of
that act hail been to remove their apprehensions,
and to place the protestant institutions of this coun-
try in • state of perfect security; and that the
law would be obeyed implicitly. Why, the fact was, that
the I eer had been a dead letter from that time to this. But
it had been worse than a dead letter, because the law had
been the target at which all manner of abuse, defiance, and
vituperation had been launched. He should hope to hear
from the noble earl either that the government were amis.
fled with their legislation, and proposed to take no further
step—that they were quite satisfied with the achievement
which they had accomplished, or that they were
prepared to take further steps to carry out
that which they considered of national importance.
lie would now pass on to that part of her Majesty's speech
which referred to our relations with foreign powers, and
he should not hesitate frankly to state has opinion and to
speak his sentiments, being bound by no ties of official
responsibility ; and he was quite aware that a frank ex-
pression of his opinion, and that of • great body of his
countrymen, could not injuriously affect the public peace.
Her Majesty's government announced that her Majesty
continued to maintain the most friendly relations with
foreign posers. Perhaps it would have been a more cor-
rect expression if her Majesty had said that she continued
to maintain as friendly relaiions with foreign powers as
had existed when she last addressed their lordship's
house. He (the Earl of Derby) was unwilling
to refer to a question of a mere personal nature,
but the country felt some anxiety to know if
our relations with foreign powers were quite unaltered,
for what reason her Majesty's government had thought it
necessary to part with one of the most efficient members of
the cabinet. (Hear, hear.) He had frequently had occa-
sion to find fault with the policy of the noble lord the late
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and had the noble lord been
still in office he might have had cause to find leek with him
again, as he had occasion to do with reference to soma
transactions which bad taken place last 'melon. There was
no doubt that the notee viscount was quite acquainted with
the business of his office, aad was a person of the highest
characterend talents, and therefore there most have been
some very serious cause to induce her Mejetity's govern-
ment to dispense with the services of one of its most distin-
guished members. The noble earl then briefly referred to
the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig, and, while taking's
occasion to disapprove of the use of the strong language
used by some portion of the press towards the French Pre-
sident—which he said would be corrected by the frankness
of the Imperial Parliament—concurred in the policy of ear,
being so prepared as to make invasion an impossibility. He
bad the most perfect confidence in the Prince President,
whose interest it was, as it was also the interest of
the French people, to maintain peace with this
reentry. But although admitting the intentions of
the Prince President to be amicable, he could not
shut his eyes to the fact that a sudden ebullition of
public feeling might override all the considerations of a
long-sighted policy ; and he did think if we were approach.
ing a state of danger, and were in that state of' want of
&tepee assumed by the noble earl who moved
the address, that we might, without theedighte-t offence—
without giving the slightest offence to an foreign
country—put ourselves iu a state of defence. If govern.
aunt felt that the army ought to be extended, he (the Earl
of Derby) and those who acted with him, although they
might on other questions differ from the government, would,
when it asked that which might be required tar the safety
sad well-being of the country„readily accord it, and nothing
would make them flinch from sharing the responsibility of
the act. There might be • moral lesson learnt from the
lresent state of things in France. We might consider and
earn how the extremes of unlimited madness and despotism
were connected together. We might learn from the his-
tory of France and other countries the injury that mweitee
when you destroyed the influence of the territeelei par
sors of land. He did not use the expression Mfg weed el
tho members of their lordships house,leases ther we
possessors of land, but he spoke of te wintry gentle-
men of England. They possessed the prestige of an
ancient name and an hereditary damsel and exer-
cised a considerable conservative Seisms:: nut con-
servative in • party sense, but embeirelative in pre-
serving the great institutions of the ametry. If we
weakened or destroyed that body we took away power from
a chum intimately connected with the well-being of Eng-
land, and we might produce the violent result of millet-
fug between a state of extreme liberty and despotism, and
destroy the possibility of the existence of a limited and con-
stitutional power. By destroying this class we were taking
away the only security that existed fur preserving the well-
regulated liberties of the subject, and, without meaning •
great community where no been body existed, vie., in the
United States, he asserted that the liberty of speech, of
opinion, and of action enjoyed there, was inferior to that
which was enjoyed in this country. (Loud cheers.) In
America, where republic institutions existed, the " abso-
lute " majority exercised a greater tyranny than was ever
exercised under despotic rule in a monarchical country. Ho
would now pass to another topic adverted to in the
royal speech the Kaffir war. For thirteen months
the war had been carried on, and no one suggested why we
had not camied it on with success; but a set of mere savages
had been able to carry on the war suecessfully against all
the force that the governmeut were either able or willing to
spare to send out against them. It was a matter that re-
quired serious cmisideration. The noble earl, the Secretary
of State for tho Culeuies, had on teenier occasions referred
to the difficulties wider which we had laboured, but he
must say that ho thought those difficulties had been aggra-
vated by the impolitic usumption of a nominal sovereignty
ever a country where it was impossible to exercise a fixed
and permanent authority, which ought to be inseparable
from sovereignty. A gr. at harm had been done by impro-
pouurrporst.,
afruhrrdityheCap
finished,
petty extending our frontiets at the ssme moment that we
wwli7re nthiit•y°l:adell bewi.?ilirirawiihage
war, but we had also withdrawn our troops from neigh-
bouring colonies, from which reinforcements might have
tern obtained,. Perhaps the noble earl, the Secretary for
the Colonies, would tell their lords:lip* what progress the
war hail made. The only progress that he (the Earl of
Derby) know that it had made was, that he had recently
thought fit to euperceele the Governor of the Cape of flood
Hope. That was a stigma upon thus military character of
Sir Ilarry Smith, and it remained to be seen whether
that stigma was thrown upon him by the noble earl or
by the Commander-hi-Chief of the Forces. Ile should
wait patiently fee such e x planation as her Majesty'smicisters
might think hlt to give. Iler Majesty in her speech al-
luded to the tranquillity which prevailed throughout the
greater portion of her dominions. With respect to Ire•
land, hundreds and thousands of acres were lying unculti-
vated, and it was not very extraordinary that tranquillity

last

should prevail. The ravages of disease had removed nyanT,
and emigration bad done a great deal, and relief had been
afforded to the exuberant population—a signal proof of no
prosperity. In Ireland the tide of emation had flowed
in so strong a stream that the emigrigration had ham
called the Exodus of the Irish. It wait a singular proof
of the prosperity of Ireland, because emigration met death
had produced an absence °renitence in the south of
But with respect to the north of Ireland, it was impounds
to look without feelings of the deepest anxiety. 'the °gi-
me and violation of the law was such that he hoped go.
?eminent would take step nut only to prosecute the instru-
ments of these association', but were taking steps to get at
the instigators, provokers, and coneoctors of the meociations.
The government said that they had exercised the puwera
which the law had given them, but within the last 21 Mien
notice had been received of the failure of the first prou.m.
lion which the government had commenced at the specie!
session at Monaghan, thereby giving an absolute encourage-
ment to the lacrosse of more atrceities and outraie s, thus
making it evident that the process of the law
was not the means of upholding, but of destroying
it. Thus hail the object of the government tailed, and they
should not have had a special commission, unless govern:
ment were satisfied that the evidence was such us would
not hazard a failure ofjustice. (laving cursorily glanced at the
topics of law reform, and the constitution tsr New Zi wand.
the noble earl came Cu the questions of taxation aim revenue.
Ho would not follow the noble earl thrimili the various arc.
tietics which he bud quoted to show the Lege iuemiee in
our exports in the last four years, but if they asked the
commercial men and merchants whether the proms
had borne any proportion to the amount* of the
exports, they would find that the ',refits h.,d been very low.
Never were the profits of commercial men lower than
the year 1851, notwithstandilio all its boasted prosperity.
The returns to the property of person., more especially toe.
netted with trades and professiune, del not agree with the
sanguine view taken by the noble curl of our commercial
position. The profits realised upon the exports and the re-
turn to the income tax showed no increase, but a ',citifies
decline. lie now came to the lest topic in the speech,
which was the projected law of reform, lie dig
notlloneur in the opinion that this was the httest time fur
the introduction of such a measure. Ile did not Mints
that there were WO men who considered it of the slightut
importance whether the suffrage was extended, or who had
the slightest desire for a new reform hill. lle thought that
it was an ingenious act on the part of the government, and
the bill wits to be introduced, not became the government
thought it was a fact, hut because they feared certain divi-
sions iu the House of Commons. Ile believed Cheat when
the announcement was made not only was the prima
minister's Royal Mistress, not only Were his coneegass
unprepared fur it, but that the noble lord bad net the
slightest idea of the object of the bill. This bill was to
excite the expectations of the people, and i; had been in-
uoduced because a general election was at hand. When
the bill came before them it would be their duty calmly
and deliberately to consider it. It was said that the bill
was to extend the principle of the law of Itel 2, which law
gave more extension to democratic power, and removed some
of the restrictions from the representative system. It wan
then determined to do away with the nomination boroughs,
and it was determined to substitute the inhabitants of cities
and to give them representation which was rumeee.iird by
small boroughs. Fur his own part, if he d lea
opinion on the advantage to be derived from this le bill, it
would be more than counterbalanced by the renewal of agi-
tation, and the progress of continual change would affect
uur institutions. The Reform Bill of fills gave representa-
tives to towns thut had gradually grown ellen(' imie,rtauce.
They had had from the noble lord at the Mail et the go-
vernment a declaration that the principles of the measure
had been fully carried out ; that lie would be the lie.; man
to introduce any material alterations, and the indite lord
was even taunted with having used au inadvertent expres-
sion as to the finality of the existing arraneinent. (Hear.)
The noble earl appeared to think that though this country
would not bear a revolution once a year or once in five
years, yet an extensive change in the representative system
might be safely introduced once in 21 years. In fact, he
appeared to think that the constitution of this country was
something like an agricultural lease, at the expiration of
which, the tenant, after having derived from the land the
full value during the term, might start again on a new
Innis. (Laughter.) Ile could not enter into that
fluctuating view of tho representative system. Of this he
was convinced, that it was not possible for them to iutro-
duce perfect equality into the representation ; and if it
were possible, that perfect equality in the constituent
body would be in itself most discordant with the
spirit of the British constitution, and most, fate' to the dm.
teeter of the House of Commons. (Hear, hear.) Ile wee
satisfied that the very essence of the utility of the
Rouse of Commons, as a representative body, was
that it represented all classes and all denomination".
With himself the extent would not ho so much the
question as the principles involved in the bill, and
the object which the government proposed to arum-
plish by its introduction. If the party with which he
acted concurred in the object, and believed that the remedy
proposed was well calculated to meet existing abuses, not
to du away with hereditary irregularities mid anomalies,
but to correct substantial injustice, then her Majesty's go-
' vernment need apprehend from them uo lact lima opposition to
the introduction of such a measure. But it the object of
the government was to extend still further the democrafie
power in this country at the expense of those more conserve-
tiveinfluenens which might tend permanently to support
the institutions of the country, then, he cared not what step
was proposed, it would be a step in a dangerous direction
and so regarding it ho should be compelled to give it such
opposition as it might be in his power to offer. (Cheer.)
Ile had now gone through most of the topics introduced is
her Majesty's speech. They would have an opportunity of
dealing with many of those topics separately and indivi-
dually ; and he should therefore conclude by repeat-
ing what he had stated at the outset, that neither
in the speech itself nor in the language of
the noble lords who had addressed their lordships
did he see any necessity for doing what, without a necessity,
he always considered UnWlll4, and impolitic, namely, to impede
on the first day of the session the presentation of an unani-
mous address to her Majesty. (Cheers.)
Earl OBEY said, he rejoiced that in the speech of the
noble earl he found so much in which he could express his
entire and cordial concurrence. But he felt bound to
soy that in his judgment his noble friend's expression of
hope for the future was not in the least degree exaggerated
or unwarranted by the present state of things. ((fear,
hear.) For what was the present state of things? In the
first place, the British farmer, in the greater part of the
kingdom, had the advantage of a very excel:cot crop.
In the next place, it was
.perfectly notorious that priers had
for the most part been highly remunerative—oats, barley,
wool, and cattle had all sold latterly at good prices. (Hear,
bear.) Even with regard to wheat, though no doubt the
price had been low, they had witnessed a very remarkable
circumstance. A few years ago 110 noble lord would have
been prepared to sue thus country exporing wheat
to supply the exigencies of other countries; bat,
through advantages which he dad acquired of late
years, the British farmer had been so enabled to reduce the
coat of production as to have become an exporter of
wheat. Instead of land going out of cultivation he
heard, the other day, that it was the complaint of persona
residing near the Downs, in the south of England, that
they had reason to fear that in a few yearn their delightful
rides over the Downs would be destroyed by the encroach.
merits of the plough. lie believed that improvement had
never made more rapid progress in agriculture than it wet
doing at that moment. Ile believed, further, that the
farmers were beginning to recover front the depnuien
!pirits which weighed upon them for a considerable perieL
He was far from denying that there were difficulties
stall to be contended with. Perhaps none of their toed.
ships had felt the pressure of the times more than
himself, but in spite of that pressure he had never enter-
tained a moment's doubt that a brighter time was coaxing,
and that they would see British agriculturists, like every
other class of British industry, when fairly put on their
mettle, sustaining a competition with the cultivators of any
other country. (Hear, hear.) In reference to this subject
he could not help saying that he had beard with deep re.
gret what fell from the noble torsi with regard to the im-
position of a duty for revenue. He contended that those .be
thought that the present policy was wrong and ought to be
altered were bound, in faience' to the country, and is
fineness to those who differed from them, to bring
their views clearly and distinctly before parliament sal
before the country, and to lot them stand or fall by the
result. He challenged them to do so. The next subject
to which the noble earl referred was papal aggression. 'f be
noble earl asked him whether he was preparcal to say that
the measure introduced last year had given security to the
protestant faith. That question implied that the hill was
designed to do what he had never expected it to do. Ile
had never looked to an act of pailiatneut to give security to
their protestant faith. (Hear.)
The Earl of DERBY—Protestant institutions.

Earl GREY—WeII, upon what did those institutions
rest for their security ? Why, upon the euuditicia
of the great hotly of the people of thim country,
of the truth of the re igion they professed—a coneiction
which could neither be taken away nor strengthened by an
act of parliament. (Hear, hear.) But the object of Om
art of last year was, in his opinion, very different. Ha
must say that he thought a most wanton insult had
been uttered to the people of tais country, sod to feelings
deeply cherished by the great majority of the peeplr,
and it appeared to :him wise and fitting that parliament
should, by a solemn legislative act, protest against that in-
sult. He firmly believed that even those who pmfessesi
the Raman catholic religion, the power of the papery,
instead of being increased by the aggressive spirit which
had lately been shown hy the court of Rome and by a car-
tain portion of the Runtish priesthood, hail been sapped
and ruined to its foundationsiby the injudicious measures
adopted. (Hear, hear.) On looking to I relano, he saw ia-
diertious that, in spite of the denunciations of Rome, those
moat useful institutions the Q %VIC!. Colleges we IV pros-
pering and seemed likely to prosper, and that the srtem of
education which the noble earl opposite (the Earl ot herb))
lied been one of the instrumenbiufestablishing MON, opetital
the minds of the people that they would not now tamely
bend their necks under the yoke of priestly tyranny. Ha
believed there was a natural tendency on the part of all
priesthood, unduly to encroach, unless kept in chick by the
laity ; and against mach tyranny he considered it the dug
of every man of independent mind to array himself. He
could not agree with the noble earl tlmt the act was u dead
letter. The dignitaries of the Roman catholic church had
practically submitted to it, by taking the greatest possible
pains to avoid committing themselves by an open
violation, and he thought it very important that the ob-
vet had been so far attained. The noble earl had
Averted to the changes which had recently taken Mace in
one of the principle departments of the gin, rnment, to tho
retirement of the noble lord, the late head of the forenra
office. Now, 'upon that subject, he thought their lonlihips
would agree with him in thinking that, al this moment, it
would be the height of indiscretion awl impropriety on hi,

, •111 other rim& that lig IMO be
- 111 the tribute wild the male and
the ability, be
the ebewati/ OFTlircelbre
eg___Tar. hod ceased el be eseeelery of
mew, lbear4 Awl be
4ilLtersisigli b. dame mid
it iii
• osolostaeste timid boo aim whit\ trig:,
gm amblesee GO alb
ter
tr-,M-Mirratise. is tie
I nest yesewilei le emir mew
m•
-'fir
of Francs ; here, eel% he hadsWl
- &hie to Msg asm asequissd
°MIL. he helievea, that MI Ma bia. base)
riff orith him se OW ad 1111.1111119 aUty a
eutin•ly agrrs
fie . a. a country-the duty et the **slam, and, It
r,,Si„. • nation the duty of each fettled*** his la-
ss, e°A" e abstain from any inteellseeme with
--t" -Wet that cat and maks so
tle "*I" 114-7 lr had Ike esiberbed,
ear, e .
mat
siil 1" the dieted concern, mod, 1111 111111114 *Pah
ibo ono
ma,„adiomih s Mileh the noble iteel ketl
hick led bees women by • imp pup*. dim
1 01. ',wetly. (Beer, beer.) Ile Sesive Make
_„„„, ut IM prises at the heed et thefflewerneed
g M the sable fed had iseeerili tie
"a'h,..'s' • detuassb-be would toy the metrie-ispre-
Ws
woutow. ,4 the dribeelem (audition et this ,
she low were
M net only a imprudence. bet of gge
•
,mgoarter . Ile rejoiced that the wide am
acne tbuo
the poistioa winch he did. had mile ileMandi.
▪ Ms ciophane words, utterly repudiated**
oplo)rd; and he trusted that ellwrViel
pis •
as a•sorenee at the hill concurrence of his imikeems
tho 1.1.01..0wu repoliatiou io which he drought
city *
se el their lordships would joie-(hear, laser)—h•
rind hrara, and here that the incalculable evils which
right otto ide-r has.' nsultsn from the language used by a
great pat of the tie . simper pre. of this country would is
aaa event be neutralised; that it would be under-
Nad 111 letO go countries. that, however these newspapers
**nick* , ipose the epinions mad feelings of their writers,
tow dal not express the onions and feelings of any grew
tha e„ tie( party io thin country ur of the Houma et
talumeot(Hear, hear.) The noble earl next adverted
to It I de I. ores of the tonally ; and on that subject, too, hi
hwl cirri w d toms perfectly just in themselves. and in
shah th. tr lordships could hardly fail to concur. He Earl
grew' .atenained, like the amble Ark the fullest confidence
th,- ...oaraiii • of friendly halings which the government
essitiourd to witsr.• from all the great rowers in the
Ile bed...di there exuded no scrieus Merin
we. or he shoild ridermy nut the slightest
joust... id attaking this country or disterbiag
„, the ...ties. that, at the same time, be co earned
with the noble east in thinking that. however pacific might
be the 'libido of eat mothhours, it was not fitting that
to,„otte, oi this rusittis .hood.' riot entirely on the per-
ogaesue of ainirah'... n Ita. (near, hear) This nation
go.doot too Nish oi the world to base its security
*nob a I auto,. Oh or, bent.) They were bused
shwas •to tad. .are tine* they hat the means of protecting
Mani. 1..• 41., .Igo,oloii which Might be at-
lemmas!. hen. ter uslilicly ultimate Mtge= Might appear.
Is common mob the gnat majority of those who had cos-
Wend the slop et. he thought that for many years it had
hero aireseary that sornethilig should be dune to place this
nicely as .1 imNIIIOII 01 eJrr stet security against assault.
war usdh.,,et,hoore. r, t.. which the attention, not of
rum. nt only, but of preceding adminietra-
tan, I al tor a consdlrrable period been directed ; and
th eaft it a rind he highly improm r for him to enter iuto
&tabs. he might olearee that those who had paid attire-
log to the sie vet knew that much had been done of late
rein n. tht 011 f m... 111. of defence. Ile agreed with
ihr r-hie in r. cogio-mg in the present position of the
der going still further in this dime.
Lao.• Ile could rod target that every country in the world had
ilea More 0.60 "WOW. to guard against sudden aggression.
He con. lama with the noble lord, that any measure which
▪ propmed should, as far as possible, be consistent
with as sithcrenee to the peel* policy which bad hitherto
rrevukd. t Hear, hear.) The noble earl nest ado
'erica to that mmt dietrcising 'object, the war now
name the eastern frontier of the Cape colony. He bed
sins ly that evi tong laid no the table papers which ma
tuned the fullest information up to the !stoat date. in-
rioting despatch... receir..l on Satunlay last, and as thaw
pap, is ...old wan be in ttoir lordships •hanos,probably with.
is .3 hours, it apo. Ared desirablo to abstain at present
from any disell 1012 of the subject to which they related.
There was tally one point to which he would invite &Heatless.
The noble earl said that the difficulties of the case were
gnat!) enemas. d by the exteneion of territory, particularly
Op..' the Orange liiver, and he expreseed his regret at
soh esti nsion. '(lie noble earl did out regret that eaten.
WO of territory more than he (Earl eery) did. In the
pip r. which were already laid believe parliament it was
raid that this was done without any possibility of obtain-
in: the assent of her Majesty's government ; and it haring
▪ '-toe made, the goverument had to decide upon
a balance of eoutiderations on both aides whe-
tn. r they would disavow the act of the governor
er whetthe they would sanction it. The government, after
duly considering both sides of the question, detailed that it
sae better on the whole to retain the territory. The only
eloervation which he wished to make on this subject was
that Sir II Smith, in one of his desustehes, said his opinion
VAS the name an his (Earl Orey's), that he considered it a
• at mielortune to be compelled to extend the territory
.er the distnet, but that he had been obliged to do so in
P-•IISNISCUCC of the measures which had been adopted by
•.r rerogrine Mmtland, one of the predeceases' of Sir
11. Smith, and who was governor of the colony '
when the noble earl was Secretary of State. The neat mat-
ter adverted to by the noble rail wasthestate of Ireland. On
the subject of emigration he might be Awed to say, that
during ti e flee yearn which he bed ben la his present
Ace, one of the greatest difficulties he emtemitared was in
moiling the stiong pressure made epee him, by noble
lord...netted with Ireland, se red jommete a
lamer emigration from that aormy. WO But
he always he... 1 the opinios that rag a the
Lad Vas unnecessary, and would be mak ihet pro-
rums werein operation which would MN to
the hill extent to which it ought to be seeded, and
that if a vote of money was made for the pursue. it would
oily cheek eulumary efforts, impose, wit asemity. a
Wary 'spews on the country, and ran the ski et set
arrnar it M the same extent. All than asitidpadma testa
'windy willed by. the result. He did not balm tilt Ibis,
emir ',shoo, este/mire as it was, was mem than wag iethiddit
b.r liar country - (hear, hirsin-sad In his Veils
had won improving wider the presermastria Be
✓an
convinced that ambles bet as a..
bnpuow would break down the la orb= air WNW
rung for land, and the bad nib a amply,
ag labour which had been the yew* et ewe.
twigs, lie mould Imam the alio mil that nimbi.
shah depended is 11111 11•111 d be INWISIMiI
order to put down a MOM et eillimge WhYtweaeleWely
incoesoteat with that security to life mill
"huh was the foundation of all
wraith (Hear, hear.) liverytklag be &see
to rare security to lib end peeper% led if
the tooting Law was not sulk** iertimpwrrese It wall
te the duty of her Majesty's governess* elgglz to mu-
11411011t for iurther powers, arid it would be um duty
of parliament to sanction 1111111141114 bewereir s
=
*two would prevent the welemetwe et mite sye
tamp. (Chews.) Itarth end se tie sewelesiin et Syr,
imbed, it was that by Ibis . ilwe
• have reethed various hapettOMMata mein
(Mows, which weal bete it very mitt is the seedlike
a wtuch they
4011114=110ed Mremlt. (Hear, bersw)
neatTbe it topic to by tie aside Mai wee ilea
memo of her )lajesty's apse* whisk edam' to the mete
id the
nil to find any pest IWOtee MetHe dad not understand Om Ia 1111118110 ha ISllMllmarillia
he mid that a lents modem et** swum depended ea 11l
waft tm. That umdeabledly see die USN eel *AI&
owe tai mint either be mewed se tree swiliteeribeel
sw .t. At the same Moe it might wit he mweemey
onind the hare that time% pried tie else sew ar
'or.. which had beseymeed Maki Ike lest is. pep is
the strength of that Us wale rest lissessliefalLlNZl
eats Ile tim to ed secededlee hawse Mkt tie
tart eve years they had repealed tame lie the mismat
sea km than 4,41.10,000/., and that notwithatmdlos this
teat moral of taxation the revenue of the par ins oo='
le that ad 1546. (Hear, bear.) This was Um met
ace complete deimaisMabeet which he maid mweelus of the
*madams of the palmy, which, to a peat alma ware ga-
unt, had been gra, sally adezed by paillmannt, with re-
tied tis the dame's and of Made.
(Hear, Mar.) la the kiseemmirthillysitt them
new sot so remarkable a sperm& ef imprehemest la the
waren amid condition of a nation sise/od by the um*
• seipt d lailkotti sod relieving Weds Owl
vowed,' mid injwilieleee motriciions. (Chums) Ite wee
• n wit oe mmayhme mid m smasentrable so hyouts ior the'
p•wy mooned, that be never maid believe that either yaw
lamest or the *emery mold sommit to give up one iota elf
the system which had been mispesd, we retrace by ate Wel
Wealth liar polie7 which had Mew rammed. (ileac, bier.)
1 Ile tat mime* interned to by the mile earl related he like
oodemplaterl amendment of the Rehm Act of VAL
Wiwi hod bees said on this point by Mir cable earl, wfig
Iliad with pleason• ; but be most mesa
hook. made by the noble earl apse his wrble.=
1-04 of ll* government. The mail mil nefil 111111111 WI 1111
lb- taco-which he would have *OM a vulgar Moat if it
61 hem made by any other than noble cal-that some
a...p...1 thn kind was promised by his noble friend as a
lee to oleci,. the coining ince of support to his govern.
aol a mean. of propping up his falling power. Ile
(Lad tory; would state the real circumstances of the caw.
Mar.) Three years ago 'serious motions were
aide in the other house of parliament for paha.
aearary felons, which obtained eoneiderable support,'
▪ ...my from those who voted for the motions, but
61-..eppivit in the espresdon of opinion on the part of
Amt. mea of greet weight and influence, who declared
that there were ch. fret. in the present system, which ewe.
5•0 pointed out, and which called for some remedy. Ilia
lodge hien.% •emit the force of these remarks, and the
t.4"t7 "r PublO opinion, declateri that the time might
7.0.• Itliett it wool.' he right and proper to make some
in the eai.tiug Law which regulated the franchise.
h'ar.) Ili. noble friend capes esed this opinion also
01 the proof which had been given by the
ot the loy d feeling exhibited by the people towards
• rhiwo, at that to-riot when all Europe was in a state
▪ l'.l'..ei. (Hear.) Since that period he had to combat
s▪
.•" than id the Tarim'. proposals made in the other
. of rob .meat for &benne the Ito-form Act. It was
..f hi. noble friend that it he continued to I
• fhe ditheent pommels, if he said that he
t to alt. r the Wham Art, and would not listen
the on the subject, a shock would he given to
11 1.1. -.11 which there gat settlement of 11132 was
tt.'•
t• lon thought it judicious and right to say
mid nut be unlovourable to a well-considered