The Express.
London, England, 1863-12-26 00:00:00

COTTON.

The following is an extract from a letter addressed
to • friend in this country by the Rev. C. H. Roe, D.D.,
formerly of Birmingham, but now of Belvidere, Minas:
The Federal Government are now farming oat to loyal
Union men the abandoned plantations down the Mississippi,
each side, from Memphis to New Orleacs, to raise cotton
for England, France, and our home consumption, to pro-
fitably employ the negro, and niers revue* for &driving
our war expenses. The az perimect so far is a perfect
success, though as farmers did not get to work till April,
two months too late, and the lands were vary poorly tilled,
yet Mersa were realised, and large amoentsof mosey
Yea who moat there poor, and poor swiss, have
realised theassada.

Yon can not a farm of from 20 to 100, 1,000. or 5,000
some from the government orminissionors o• the follow-
lag meditioes That you employ one able-bodied asgro
for each eight acres of land, pay men amen dollars per
south, women, eve dollars, and boys and girls wader 15
yeses of age and over 12 half-pries, children ender 12 to go
to Mori ; board aid take are of all. For 100 aerie yen
want Ire mules sad Waive hands, a goverment natriols
a band to eight awes. You beard sad lodge all the nogrr m •
governors* provides them for yco controls Mean ; if las;
or rahaetory, you most sot whip, but turn them over to
the comemmt, sad flay will be set to work ens the for
ti-
'Maoss or sent bash into Rebeldom, which they murk
more dread. The expense for cultivating 100 sons to
rotten sad its product is as follows, and 1 fix the outlay in
large round mumban above the average : Wages, genngrn-
ment tax, food for melee and Degrees and esU,
cotter and getting it to market, all told, $5,800.

The product of the 100 acres is one bale to as acre.
Louriana land often produces two bales to the acre, of
400 To. each ; say Gas balc-100 bales + 400 Th -= 40,0001 h.
Cotton now sells in New York market for 90 cents a
ponod ; my It will bring next fall oril(50 cents a polio&
40,000% + 55. oa. = $20,000, deduct 900 and you have
net $14,200, as the product of 10 acres and twelve
all told, nearly $150,000 for 1,000 acres fur one
year! Now, I don't say this will last, wt more than
two man, or about a year, after the war oleos=. The
alaveholders get rich on cotton at 6 to 10 mots a pound,
with their wuteful habits and the drawback of slaves to
work the plantations. Then what will white men, with
their thrifty habits, realise ? lam fully t ersiuded thin in
• sound speculation. The farmer who undertakes 100
acres will do well to have 4001. or 5001. in hand to begin
with. Theo be
i can purr-ham the mules, kod for man and
beast, sod needed implements. For the government will
hand over unto you all that is left on the estate—houses,
gins, ploughs, mules, &a. ; sod yet on many desirable
plantations all these have been burned up, or carried`away,
and nothing left bat the lands and pogrom You can buy
cheap for cash ; capital will greatly aid in profitably work-
lag the machine. You are to retain two dollars for each
hued to pay doctors. Schools and preachers are to be
maintained; but I have put that dow a in the 5,800 dole.
Oa preseher and me teacher can meet the wants of about
to. plantations of 1,000 Amu each, and be well employed
and well paid.
The great problem that bar long purled our ataillaies.
what shall we do with the negro ? in answering itself. The
burro will take care of himself and family and white
teten too, and supply our home markets and your poor
ire toiling and now hungry unemployed multitudes.
They will get education sod become fres, religious, and
valuable. Would not Josephi Sto ham refereed to live
to re this day! Providence is leading the bondsmen up
out of Egypt. These valuable cotton !sods are the Goshen
in which our honed Abraham Lincoln in about to plant
them, and there they will grow and flourish and power,
after all their sorrows, and do a good work towards finish-
* thin war, and largely contribute to lighten the war taxes
on the net of the nation. Our preepect has brightened
each day, week, and mouth since the proclamation of free-
dom issued from Washington. The Federal armies are
triumphaot all aloe; east and west. Meade in Virginia.,
Oast la Chattanooga and Georgia, Banks in Texan, and
sow the negro difficulty is cleared up.

Than will be a rub from the North down the Valley of
the literimippi as to California whoa gold was that disoo-
vend there, and ten to the ono would go, who be-
cause they have not got the needed eapitaL No one who
can raise 250/. or 5001. should bold hack because he is *-
meant of the cultivation of cotton i all that
these Regrow have, and it is very ample. flome"owefiedj:
best cotton, cleanest and best up, that came to our market
this fall was reaped by poor °egress, who took tee or twenty
acne, and made quite a littler fortune out of it. Any man
with a good sound bead, active enter prise, and nom ca-
, Wall., need not be afraid to come along ; he will do well.
A man and a family of active boys and girls will make a
large fortune in three or four years certain. This is a land
of hopes and rewards, industry, labour, and cspitaL
Let me once more my a word of encouragement to poor
working men. Why should they toil on for years, at the
most miserable pittance, while they can earn abundance in
this country ? An active man can earn from 30s. to 60a. a

week aid his board all through /Moo's, and thousands, yea,
hundreds of thowiteds, of such are wanted in the United
States this year. Our rich farms will absolutely go out of
cultivation for watt of farm hands to bring them under
the plough. So, too, for the large towns and dtim all marts
of tradesmen and mechanics are Deeded, at two to them
dollars a day and board. So let every poor fellow who oan
even borrow his passage money, and get it for 10 per omit.
interest borrow end some away early in the spring. He
can send it bask is three or four months, certain.
Cotton planters should ono* along immediately, as the
land shrield be ploughed, and seed put in in the month of
February then a good crop is sure, and it will yield the
first picking in August. England wants the floe Upland
and Sea Island cotton very much, and the wooer she me
get it the better. Let cotton farmers make their way to
Cairo in this state, Memphis in Tennessee, Vicksburg in
Mississippi, sod New Orleans in Louisiana.
There is no use to courult me or anyone else beyond this
letter. This infonosition is final, full, perfect. Only act
upon it at once, and don't delay or hesitate, or hoe ymr
chance of fortune by waiting to leer from some one. You
ms wait for a mouth or two kw as answer, and then you
that the chance Ms slipped through your Bogen.

ECLIPSE or TEE SUN lea 136 C—Next year there
will be two eclipses of the elm. The first will be as the sth
of May. It will bogie os the earth at 9.30 p.m. of Landes
time, in 126 deg. 56 min. of 'est longitude, and 1 deg. 23
min. of south latitude. It ends on the earth on the &Hoar-
ier day at 3.3 a.m., in longitode 130 deg. 25 min. went, and
20 deg. 9 mi.. of worth latitude. The total eclipse will be
alibis only in the North Nellie Oman, and it will be visible
as a partial eclipse he a part of Siberia and the northernmost
part of North America and the north of Australia. The
essoild eclipse of the sue will be on October 30. 16 will
basis es the earth at 3.31 p.m. London time, in longitude
100 deg. 14 min. west of Greenwich, and 6 deg. 33 min.
sixth latitude. It will end on the earth at 6.30 r.o. is
longitude 6 deg. 16 min. The line of central eclipse names
acmes South America between 20 deg. and 30 deg. of south
latitude. sad will aloe be visible in the South Pad& sod
South Atlratie ameba. A partial rrelipte will be visible for
a short time In the United States sad as the waders earl
of Africa, at the Bret for a few momeste after nark*, and
at the latter just before sanest.

BORNIMAN'S TrA is choice and throng, amderato
Is price, and wholesome to use. Thew advantages have secured
to this Tea a general preference. It is sold la packets by 1,100
agonie.-{Advertirramaii