The Express.
London, England, 1863-07-21 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 21, 1888.

INDIA.

By the arrival of the Bombay mail we have
received advicee from Bombay to June 24, and
from Calcutta to June 13. . _

The monsoo iraii;r7.)gressed very favourably in
Bombay. There had been almost incessant rain,
and the fall up to 20th June was nearly 30 inches.
more than a third of the average annual falL The
rain had been general throughout the presidency.
The government of India has sanctioned the sum
of Ra. 2,48,738 for establishing telegraphic lines
from Rajmehal vid 2faldah and Dinagepoor to
Gowbatty, with a branch from Gowbatty to Bylhet
and Cachar.

A new bank has been established in Bombay,
called the Royal Bank of India. Its capital is
twenty lace of rupees, and the shares have all
been taken.

The out-turn of cotton in the Punjaub for 1802
did not exceed 2,70,000 maunds. The total produce
of 1861 was estimated at about 3,50,000 matmds.
The Financial Commissioner attributes the dif-
ference to erroneous returns for 1861 ; for though
the past season was unfavourable to the growth of
cotton, this alone was not sufficient, it is con-
sidered, to cause so great a deficiency. Of the pro-
dice of 1862, 1,50,000 maunds were retained for
consumption in the prceinoe, and the remaining
1,30,000 =made exported.
The Kurrachee Chamber of Commerce has given
a very decided opinion in favour of the annexa-
tion of Sind to the Pnnjaub. It is stated that there
is an almost unanimous opinion in favour of such
• union prevailing in the province.
From the Punjanb we hear that there is every
chance of another flood in the Indus similar to that
in 1858. The people are leaving their villages in
consequence. . . .

Intelligence from Cabool is up to 20th May. There
bad been more fighting before Herat. The Ameer
was in considerable perplexity about the settlement
of the Herat business.

We reed in the Bombay Gazette :

The Bhootim have again come down upon Assam. The
belief is universal in Bengal and the North-West that it is
the Nana Sahib who is instigating them. With the
Bhootia raid is connected a rumour of a new mutiny in the
North-West. There seems • prospect of another "little
war" with this homier Whs.

The health Of the town and Island of Bombay bad
fallen off seriously during the fortnight preceding
the departure of the present mail.
The Times of India contains the following :
A Kurrachee newspaper mentions a rumour that Y. L.
D'A. Jackson, late beutenant Bengal Engiuesis, who was
sentenced to four years' imprisonment for besting a native
servant to death, will be releseed on amount of some
Verities in the proosedinp of the court-martial which tried

The Hurkaru states that the Bishop's Diocesan
Board of Education is at last taking form, sod adds:

,
A goodly subscription list, headed by 1,000 rupees from
the Viceroy, attests the earnestness of the higher 'litho.
Miss, and now the mercantile claims and professional men
are bagioolag to bestir themselves in favour of this many
good cause. To provide cheap mond and intellectual train-
ing for the children of European and Eurasian parents too
poor to send their little ones to England, is the positive
duty of the doh with reference to the peculiar position of
needy Christiana in India. Anglo-Indian are not usually
destitute of kindly and benevolent feelings, and many of
those who have either temporarily or permanently quittrd
this country will still, doubtless, feel sufficient interest in
their lees fortunate fellow-countrymen to forward handsome
remittances to the Rev. K. D. O. Walters, of the Old
Church, Calcutta.

tidal of the Polish revolutionary prem. The aaildeee• le'
spired by three publications ham more than min glees cause
for deelenthies which, in spite of the formal desk& given
to them tit, events, have cootribegsd to mialeml
?Pillion it In 01 manner, have Assn pregetestild,
relationss to brave Remise sachets who fulgi in Poland
a painful duty with devotion and self-denial, calumnies
aod eiies which alt Ramis bee felt with profound
ind4si If Lord Remelt wen exactly informed
of what passes is the Widens of Poland, he
would know, se we do, that wherever the armed rebellion
her satires to acquire substance, to give itself a visible
head, It Lae been crushed. The masses have kept aloof
from it, the runt population evinces even hostility to it,
buena the diadem by which agitators live rule the index-
trial elms. The iesurrectiou sustains Reel, aloes by •
terrorism unprecedenu i in history. The bands are recruited
' principally from elements foreign to the country. They
pikertogether in the woods, Lod disperse at the firetattack
te reunite M other phases. When they are too closely
pressed they mess the frostier to re-ester the country at
soother point. Politically, it is • stage display intended to
set urn Europe. The prieviiple of astios of the directing
committees from without le to keep up mention at all cost,
is order to give food for the declarations of the press, to
abase publicupleiou Red to harass the government., by fur-
nishing as °mann Ind • pretext for • diplomatic iaterven-
Mon which should lead to military maim. All the hope of
the armed insurrection is in this, it is the object at which
it hex laboured frem its rise.
Lord Russell will admit that in this situation the mea-
sures which be reoommends us would with difficulty Bed
I=l4crytion practically. The greater part. I repeat it, have
bees decreed ; the state of the country has op to
the present lime, paralysed their executloq. As long as
that condition of things shall subsist the aims ceases will
produce the same effects. The presence of armed bands,
the terrorism of the central committee, and the appearsoce
of an immediate primers from without, would moreover
take from these measures the finer of time, the dignity,
and the effectiveness, which we could promise ourselves in
their spontaneous adoption. We will go farther. Even
when they could be pet into execution with the full exten-
sion with which they are invested in the mind of the prim-
' cipal Secretary of State of her Britannic Majesty, they
would have no prospect whatever of staining the result
which he has is view, that of pacifying the country.
If Lord Russell follows attentively the productions of the
press devoted to the Polish rebellion, M must be aware that
theinsurgents demand neither an amenity, nor an auto-
nomy, nor a represeotation either more or lees complete.
The absolute independence of the kingdom even would be
for them only a means for arriving at the final object of
their aspirations. This object is dominion over prorinoes
where the immense majority are Russian by race or by reli-
gion ; in a word, It is Poland extended to the two seas,
which would inevitably bring about a claim to the Polish
provinces belonging to other neighbouring powers. We de-
sire to pronounce no judgment upon these aspirations. It
suffices for us to prove that they exist, and that the Polish
insurgents do not conceal them. The final result in
which they would arrive cannot be donbtfuL It would be
a general couflagration which the elements of disorder
scattered through all countries would be brought to com-
plicate, and which meek for an opportunity to subvert Europe.
We have too much confidence in the justice of the principal
Secretary of State of her Britanoic Majesty to allow that be
can approve an object as anoonoileable with the peace and
with the equilibrium of Europe, with which are bound up
the interests of Great Edge's, as they are with the mainte-
nance of the treatise of 1815, the only basis and the only
starting point of the overtures which be has just made to
us. Lord Reseal quotes • passage related by Lord Castle-
reagh of a conversation which that statesman bad with the
Ewperor Alexander I. in 1815, and which mentions the
project formed by this sovereign to combine the Duchy of
Warsaw " with the Polish provinces anciently dismembered
into a kingdom nailer the sovereignty of Ramie, with an
• iministration in accordance with the wishes of the
people." This idea was a peeing inclination of
the Emperor Alexander 1., and on which that
sovereign did not accomplish when he was enabled to con-
eider more maturely the interests of his kingdow. At all
events, this question must be excluded even in an exchange
of ideas made within the limits of the treaties of 181.5. The

only stipulation of these treaties which can have made it
appear doubtful that the Emperor of Russia possessed
the kingdom of Poland by the same title as that which
be holds his other poasessioss, the Only OM whin might
have made his right. dependent upon any condition what-
ever, and which explains the posiAility of an exchange of
idea, with foreign courts upon the subject of his
relations with that portion of his dominions, is
the vague phrase of Article 1, which says, "That
the Emperor of Russia reserves it to himself to give
to this state enjoying • distinct administration, such an
internal extension as he shall deem advisable."
And that article, whioh says—" That the Poles, the respec-
tive subjects of the high contracting parties, shall obtain
representation and national institutions, regulated in con-
formity with the mode of the political existence which
each of the governments to which they belong shall deem
it expedient and proper to bestow upon them." But the
history of this period is not so remote that the remem-
brance cm be loot of the position which Russia held at the
terrhicatioo of the European crisis which was brought to
an end by the treaty of Vmam From that time we should
not be far from the truth if we affirmed that the Ist
article of the treaty of `Aeons was prepared by and directly
' emaciated from his Majesty the Emperor Alexander I. The
conversation with Lord Csstleresgh cited by Lord Russell
is an additional evidence of this fact.
After saying this the Principal Secretary of State of her
Britannic Majesty will disponse us from giving an answer
to the proposed arrangement for a suspension of hostilities.
It would not resist a serious examination of the conditions
necessary for carrying it into effect. If it were to be defined
between whom it was to be negotiated, of what nature the
status quo we. to be which it would guarantee, and who
was to watch over its executioa, it would readily be per-
ceived that the previsions of public law could not be applied
to a situation which would be a flagrant violation of such
law. His Majesty the Emperor owes to his faithful army,
which 'armlet for the maintenance of order, to the peace-
able majority of Poles who suffer from these deplorable
miktione, and to Russia, on whom they impose painful
sacrifices, to take energetic measures to terminate them.
Desirable as it may be speedily to piece a term to the effusion
of blood, this obj• ct can only be attained by the insurgents
throwing down ask arms and surrendering themselves to the
clemency of the Emperor. Every other arrangement would
be incompatible with the dignity of our august master, and
with the sentiments of the Russian nation. It would, be-
sides, have a result diametrically opposed to the one recom-
mended by Lord Russell- As to the ides of a conference of
the eight powers who signed the treaty of Vienna, which
should discuss the six points adopted se bases, it presents to
us serious inconveniences, without our being able to see in
it any advantage. If the measures in question are sufficient
for the pacification of the country, a *Deference would be
without object. If the measures were to be submitted
to ulterior deliberation, there would result • direct
interference of foreign !powers in the most intimate
details of the admiuistration, an interference that
no great power could admit, and which certainly
England would not accept in her own affairs.
Such an interfereoce would be neither in the spirit nor in the
letter of the treaties of Vienna, on the bassi of which we
have invited the powers to a friendly exchange of ideas. It
would result in removing still further the end which they
propose to themselves by depriving the government of its
prestige and its authority, and by further increasing the
pretensions and illusions of the Polish egitskno. The course
which woo followed in 1815 appears to us to indicate clearly
enough the nature of the deliberations which may take place
upon questions teariogNo the one side, on the general in-
terest, and on the other upon administrative details of the
exclusive dominion of the neighbouring Sovereign
States. At that epoch • distinction was practically estate
fished between theme two dames of intenseta ; the first have
been the object of separate negotiations on the part
of the courts of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, between
which the traditions of history, • permanent contact, and
an immediate neighbourhood created • strict solidarity. All
the arrangements destined to regulate the interior adminin
trstion and the mutual relations of the Polish territoiies
placed, since the congress of Vienne, under their respective
dominions, have been laid down in treaties concluded
directly between these three ceurte on April 21 (Mae 3),
1815. They have been successively completed by • series of
special conventions whenever circumstances have required
it. The gametal principles mentioned in these treaties, and
which could interest Europe, have alone been inserted in
the Art of the Cosgrove of Vienna, signed on May 27,
(June it), by all the powers invited to concur is it. At pre-
sent it is not a questing of the general principles, but the
administrative details and ulterior arrangements would
furnish useful matter for discussion by the three
courts in order to place the respective position
of their Polish possessions, to which the stipu-
lations of the treatise of 1815 extend, in harmony with
present necessities, and the progress of time. The Imperial
cabinet declares itself from the present time ready to enter
into a similar understanding with the cabinets of Vienna and
Bailie. In any cane, the re-establishment of order is au
itidiiiseniable condition which must precede any serious
application of the measures destined for the pacification of
the kingdom. This condition depends greatly upon
the resolution of the great poems not to lend
themselves to calculations which the instigators of
the Polish insurrection found on or expect from an active
intervention in favour of their exaggerated ampirations.
Clear and categorical language on the part of those powers
would contribute to dissipate these illusions, and to thwart
these calculations which tend to prolong the disorder and
excitement of public opinion. They would thus brim
Dearer the moment which we invoke—that in which the
tranquillization of passions and the return of material order
will permit our august matter to labour for the moral paid-
fication of the country by putting into execution the mei-
, sores which his Majesoy maintains both in the germs already
• laid down, and in the developments of them which be ham
i allowed to be foreseen. Your excellency will have the
anodising to reed and give a copy of this despatch to the
• Principal Secretary of State eit her Britannic MANS,.
Receive, &c. (Signed) 00211:11•1017.