The Express.
London, England, 1855-03-29 00:00:00

EXPLORATION AND TRADE IN CENTRAL

A full meeting of the Royal Geographical Society
was held on the evening of the 26th inst., the Earl of Et,
Lummox, K. 0., President, in the chair. Among the Fellows
present were Sir R. Murchison, Lord Overstone, the Earl
of Dude, Sir 0. Pollock, the Earl of Sheffield, and Sir John
Rennie. _ _

Among the papers read was a despatch from Loanda re-
specting Dr. Liviogston's exploration of Central Africa,
communicated by Consul Brand through the Foreign-office.
Dr. Livingston left the Cape of Good Hope in May, 1852, for
the purpose of exploring the interior of the continent, and
establishing mission statism beyond Lake N'Elanii. After
travelling for eight months, he reached the river Leeambye,
or &albite where it bends from a southerly to an easterk
so roe, between 17 and 18 deg. 8. lat., and about 24 deg. B.
lon. He was received by Bekeleto, the chief of this country,
in the most friendly manner. He acquired a knowledge of its
geography, its inhabitants, sad their language; and re-
mained there instructing the people in Christianity and
civilisation for eight months. With the assistance of Bass-
ists he continued his travels up the Zambesi river and its
affluent as far as 11.30 8. lat. into:the Balonda wuatry, the
chief of which (named Illatianivo) is reputed to be
the moat powerful in this part of Africa. The subjects of
this chief treated him with kindness, but his desire to push
on for the west coast p d him from visiting their
master. In passing through the countries adjacent to the
fronter of the Portuguese territory of Angola, he cape
rienced great difficulties from the rapacity of the tribes, who
now intercept the traffic passing between the coast and the
interior, and are permitted to levy extortionate imposts on
everything which comes within their grasp. Bat having
reached the limits of Angola the Portuguese protected him
from all arnoyauce, sad assisted him to rash Loands,
where he was treated with marked attention and friendship
by the 'governor, the bishop, and the whole population,
having thus accomplished a journey of 2,500 miles through
unknown countries. In au address to the Portuguese
settlers at Lomeli, Dr. Livingston maintains the opi-
nion that two or three years of honest commercial inter-
course would result in establishing a pet Stable trade with
the laterite. Beeswax and other articles of commerce,
with which the country abounds, are now thrown aside
as useless. Ivory is abundant, and • ready sale would
Screws the supply. Cattle thrive marvelously in the
Boras* Valley, on the river Lumbers. At present the
obstacles to commerce are, the absence of roads and the
rapacity of the border tribes. About 90 men are now re-
quired to carry a load in Angola, which a Cape merchant
would wave; in two large bullock carts, with cattle sad
five HottentoV. Dr. Livingston urges on the Portngases
merchants the construction of a road from Loanda to Me.
tismvo's country, with the concurrence of that powerful
chief, as the hest means of overcoming the difficulties
of basal, as well as the extortion of the intervening
tribes, and yielding a profitable revenue from moderate
tolls. Dr. Livingston adverts to the remarkable fertility
of the provisos of Angola. Its coffee stands high
in the Leaden markets: it grows throughout the whole of
the Master, sad trees once planted soutinue to bear fruit,
rest vial entirely neglected. The country is particularly
suitable he Otto, and the introduction of a better quality
of seed ledestrahla The ground-ant, castor-oil, and other
oil Neu may he obtained in any quantity, se well as sugar,
indigo, dyeas drugs, &a. The baste of the country is the
hope that- ie 'italicised of being able to revive the slave-
erne, the llsg eposulatioas of which seem to unfit nee
he the Oft se ad honourable profits of tropical &gel-
oaken The nature of the Portuguese popu-
lates she Impedes the prosperity of Aegola, for the Portu-
guese alay remain a ism years, and return home, although
the Amato is bar Oen that of Brasil, the Mho's-
dales of which ountenets this evil. Bich specimens of
=, Ina, sad idlest are found in the interior, but the
l resources have never been explored. Labour is
cheap and abundant, and no people are more apt at
trade then the natives. Dr. Liviegton left Loanda
with his faithful Atrium attendants, on his return into
the interior, on the 20th September last. He had per-
fectly recovered from the effects of his extraordinary jour-
ney, and he is the bearer of • friendly communication and
a present of • quantity of trade goods from the merchants
of Loanda to his friend the chief Sekeletu. After his re-
turn to &heats he intends to trace the river Zambesi to
its mouth, with the expectation of reaching Qaillimane, in
the Portuguese territory, on the east coast, in November
next. The governor of triple has given him letters to all
the Portuguese authorities, and Lord Clarendon has been
reqessted to cause ow of her Mejeety's ships on that station
to snake occasional inquiries for him at Qailliznans, and
"sable him to proceed to the neared port to England. The
merits. of Dr. Livingston were highly extolled by Sir H.
lisrehissa, who referred to the numerous astronomical oh
eervadcse for latitude and longitude made by Dr. Living-
otos, ad: verified by the Queen's astronomer at the Cape,
and by ffir John Henna% He enaluded that the society
would do itself an honour by conferring its gold medal
upon this admirable traveller.
An azteset of • letter from Admiral Mathieu to Admiral
Smyth ea the survey of the Strait of Gibraltar was read.
All the triaagulation and hydrographical ressaalawase
of the Spanish and Morocco coasts are finished. Some
'Nudist/is ken been already obtained at the
depth of 2,111 English (ethos's. It is ezpecterttaar the
.wM semplead is October next. It is Admiral
11;retTen's lateallea to have a relief model constructed from
his obsonetion. -
Iteemsetlay Inca of Leichardt's expedition in Australia,
sad nomnearaf the existence of Mr. B. Boyd on the Island
▪ Osaikammer, a paper, communicated by Captain P. P.
King, LX., to Admiral Smyth, was read. Intelligence
has nein Sydney, NJ3.W., that some hones and a mule
hod been hod ea the meanie of the colony, which are sup-1
posed to IMO Modell to Lobbing's expedition. The
en 6a be ken been made out, and may lead to
their 'Umatilla's. It is rumoured that Mr. Benjamin
Hod. who is somesn to have been massacred by natives in
the Pacific, wldlin a Tome in his yacht, the Wanderer,
is still alive is the Island of Gnadalcanar, in the Solomon
group; sad a further search is proposed to be made for him.

CONNEXIONS OF PEERS WHO VOTED AGAINST
ABOLITION OF PURCHASE IN THE ARMY.

Lord Ilinleglia
I !All aillig.

Ltd liiiise
Lag Daiwa

Ma. A. Dowewaw
Ban. 0. Brag
Boa. W. Cowper
800. Col. Twedvw
H. C. away*
His. CoL Lindsay

er F. larisy
Sir Mew Orey
OnL RIM

hoed liddid
Lordeird.
Lard
Lard
Lad =do
Lord Pslibrestod
Lad f+Lasl

Has. R. Horan
Sm. W. Taal
R. W. Poets=
Has. 7. Paoy
lion. C. P. Villiers
Um. C. Fortnnt

ek 0. Weed
Oseeeel Peel
E. norms=
Ca North
Mr G. C. Lewis
Mr. J. Ittytet