The Press.
London, England, 1853-10-15 00:00:00

ANI)

The crlawl Ui.tll rrati.hrsi Trit,dt. tql
and 31aNcillr, Wethiesllity. The tuktieipatuiry
atsinitcl44:4 rvvvi% vtl by tvlegnirh state that the

559

American stinadtswi tinder .1%1111111 %al qv perry
witched japan on the sth tidy. but lett again on
the Pith tidy. The ..itisiolron as, will 1ve..1,,.d. but
the opening of Japan Is postisitte4l mita the ,pring
or Is:4.
'the rebellion in China was progressing. Pekin
was l'Xitet'll`ll to hill andwith it the reigning
dynasty. Mainifartitics were ill better (ICIIIIIIO. In
1110 Chill* markets tea was iu demand, aunt content
higher. Raw silk and cassia also had risen.
The English squadron 1111% destroyed a number of
piratical ;milks on the coast sit.
The 044'011111N I'll,lll Burundi are unsatisfactory.
The war party at .k‘ a are .aid to be increasing its
strength. 'the king alone ticotott.., %sr. Ittir 111. W
peo%inees arc OVerlllll with large Itanas sit volitorrs.
%h 4) itly 010111 Wit,te VI Ilk the ilit ititt‘nitz the
inhabitants into Itluluah. These bands are so
strong' that it has liven deemed mildest( to increase
the tonse at retain.. Our troops lire vit•kt . The
hale übtuinrd 110,04e5,41011 of I lend.

1)N11.:Ii
commander of thio l'tirkisli army on the 11amilte
is now 4.4 ail 111,4441 wit I 1 11s11 11114 g less Ilion the %hole
fortunes of the I 'Minion empire. Charged with the
li.voliovsbito of a force on which the streiwth and
enthusiasm of the whole nation lin% liven
and the first shock of contliet will fall, if the war al-
ready proclaimed by the Porte should develop into ay.
Mal 1141•41 1111 14.5, the responsibilities of the earliest
encounter will devolve solely upon himself. tin this
result of the ilea battle, to a rave owl ialpressil4l4. 111141
511114.1N1 11 14111,4, I. generailly the prognostic sof the whole
war ; and this must depend in great measure 111%111
the individualoutrage rapacity of the coin
milliliter on the sis,t. The character and qualifica-
tions of Omer Patin' are therefore, at this moment,
1111 l nor 11l European interest, anti the following Isis'.
graphical details of his career iini worth rig•giiitula
Like Most of the military chiefs in the Turkish
Nen 14•4., the ra4•1111 is a foreigner and a renegade.
Ile I. a Hid iVI. enSaill, 111141 Cunse'tllerdll loy
nil .111%11'6111 sllbject . Ile vlls born ilk I pail lit
a illagto situate in the circle isle Oguliiii, I:I leagues
from Fiume. Ills family name is Lattas. Ilis lather
was Lieutenant .% olin Mist rats or of the circle ; his
nude WAS priest. of the 1 lined I i reek Chitral. Ad-
mitted when %cry ening into the School Ninth',
main. of Thlll'lsl, mein' enlist 111 Tinllmyl% Rhin,
atter having completed his studies with distinction,
the soling Ladles entered into the corps of the hints
et Chatissees, which in Austria is organised on a
military fooling. In 1,4:10,iii constspieneto of H Islis
1111414Tmlaillaillg with his superiors, he tied into 'lnv-
ite), and embraced Islamism. t'llosrew holm, who
was then Seraskieri took hint under his protection,
prosented him oubnissiton into the regular army, and
attached him to his ptusionsl stint. Ile even goat,
111111 his Will'4 I iu I 1111 l Tinge, Who was sine or the richest
heiresses 101. l'oll,l4llllillositl4., 111141 114. daughter of tone
of the Janissaries wh11.41. 11110 hi' 111441 4'1111.04 I 1,44 Iw
eat (411. hi !pen, when ihat 4•4411444 revolted against the
Sultan ulnhnloud.ln Is:13 Laitas, who had taken
the name of I burr, was 061'1 of battalion, 4.1441 Was
a 11114111114,41 aide 414. 4'lllllll amt interpreter
u, lieuerH)
ehrianowski, who hall ilium.. of the isiiitrui•tion of
the I Ituanuu InsgSs enrululs'dnear
Oilier was tlogievnirwiiril actively illiplo)ogl in the
reorginsislit 0f the artio, and, still
pro-
-1641.41 by Clisisrew I'll4llll, 1.101441114.41 siii•••••ssively inn
portant, unsmiling mill 1111 l iii the meth). 'llia
irtatlll4.4 of Syria and the Albanian iiissirrig•tion isle
I In gave him tweasioon to distinguish himself, stool
attracted too him the attention a the. Snit all. 111+
seas sent to linrdialal, Had stampeded in Admitting
the ant l 'want' of that province, which was nearly
independent of the hate. Ammonite s% in I /441.4 144 list
v 1,1111104114 a the army sent to the 1 WWI Ilan 1.1 -
vines, he 111114 e the authority of I Ile SIIIIBII -
Veen's', Vi bile at the same time he restasitsl the sus-
ceptiloilit it's and privileges of those prtuntres, placed
as they were snider the double Irrutvetion of 'Porky:
and Russia. The year Istol Was the most Niihau
period of the military earesor of I Inter l'acha. Nano
I'' anuuuldrr in Chili. /if Ilt 'sill*, the principal 41110
W hid' hail refused to reroginse the
Iloal is, the new I irgastisatione sot' Ilia he 5555
hate', successfully, tlitongli with an inferior force, t'
Heys of that i's stunt ry. At last he was sent to Mon
negro, where he bound himself foor the first tit
co l ling a 141411h11' id' 111,111111 tined. I
inuiseistiati of Aitstiia pat a term to that. I' qpvilei
hvfoore derisive ti' rat isms could I.e con 1111 l •teceol.
the present slats' 1 toiler rosin' is sit Schuman, at
betel 14' nearly lon,ot lis. is 111..41'6144
41111144)i Ilg 11y 111 11. 1 1414114.0 1011, all
W1'111014.4 Wilk ortify net Ili.. re Mid t which may
eosin, the theatre of war. 11114'1. Paella isRIM
il
years sir age, 'glow the 11611111 v 110;4111, lint 'Ai
martial expression of countollance. speaks
cllltHl fax ;lily the Sell lan, Ilse Italian, and the
man bong WS* Ilse iliNiliTeet I'oll 14 {lung;
mitlertoook the olefolice of thus' refugees whose e•
lieu bud been douttudvd by.‘ustria and Ittmi

proceeded to Schninla, where he made acquaintance
with the principal refugees, and on his arrival at
Constantinople interfered zealously with the Sultan
in their favour. Ile took several of them with him
to Bosnia awl Montenegro, and confided to them
important posts. Some of them have distinguished
themselves greatly, and have remained in the ser
vice of Turkey.

Ci OIMENCFAIE.NT OF THE EUROPEAN AND
NORTH ANIE.IIIC.IN ItAl 1.W.1Y.
Tins railway, which is in the first instance to con-
nect St. John's, New Brunswick, with the railway
s)stein of the United States and Canada, and is even-
tually in be carried on to Halifax, being a link in the
great scheme of a connection front Nova Seetili thl
Lake Huron, lta4 its first great relebratinti oat Wed-
nesday, the 11th tilt., when the line Sea was turned.
Nearly 411,11110 permais were present. A hout one
o'cloiek his Excellency Sir Edmund Head, the Lieu-
tenant-tiovernor, Lady Head, and suite. arrived on
the ground, and were received with the itsitallannours.
His excellency was accompanied by Commodore
Shithrick, of the United States navy, and other olfi
ears the, frigate Prineetim, which had mile ex
pressly to St. John's for the occasion ; also by 11r.
Win. Jackson, M.l'., and Mr. E. L. Betts, of loidoin.
Nea lc all the men of mite in New Brunswick, Heil
several from the United States. assembled round the
governor. The address presented to him by the di-
r.:clori, hating alluded to the national character of
the work in which they were engaged, provveded to
state :

' II will form link in the mighty chain a Melt 1. to bind
1.1441 Itsitniumou....lo.ely b. 11.•1' perpet note the
tr.-ling-. 01 11111115 with the great remil.lie of 1111. W••• 41 ern W..r1.1.
1-'lOll5 I Ake to the %doodle the .• t.o. the ir.nl6llre i 4
191.1. Mal the wealth a Melo IY4o enahle ottraelsvo and ..nr chil-
dren 1,0 51.-‘5-11. .15 the rala resource* of 0111' pow lime, and to $1.1'.'4.1
1.15111.4111.111 1110111.411 11111- 1101.1 1111111 S, 4,11110•4 1.01111 1111' 11. .1111'
our fat Mr-. 1 hough e enou.,t Omni the 'minty nil- of .511.er
4'111111.4, y.. 1 1'n0•i.1.,,t.••• 1131* pltte...l strmitt.l It. in rich 111,11114141.....
411 that eau N 141.• 1.. illdmtn att.l tea toll enterprioe-ex-
hanatlems Gtrrat , rie I. mines, 01%4'1,0.1.1e ti-herieo. proilnet
tugrikrr.. MO 4 Mad e 10...114 111..1
4111111. The plague nti.l the 111-d ilenee, hieli at perimia .11.1.1•
Mali. the fairest port ion a of the earth- the ...In% 10.-11
'" 11"4111Y rei it•t• kohl their fotimlst lima 5.5 tr, ore uukuoau.
Mr into, are sever.', Litt the retard not our labours ami
tidily call the 0111.1illion 44 . oir eiteelleney to the 4111.1.11,4
y/1/1.-11 1/1/. 1111/111.1 1 1111. el,rihml4 moor art loan* and mechanics.
that mleip+ now hold a 1.1.111.1 50 0-it um iii the mercantile motion. 01
Eunlitint, wnl mac lie 41111 lilt. torelll..-.1 1.1,11111.1 N ..1' nnkal r-
dille.•thre the am-1.1 ham hitherto attriettlittral ea-
pal.lllllitt. 410 .1411% breominu sssss ; 410 %%Own 1.11.4114
of that great a ork, commenc.lnent ..f kk likit a. 1111%11 1111%1
111.1 to ....1.4.1111.., 41111' .111,......,111.••• 11:1%.• 1.•••• n 111-
1.11•11... A. 411.1 the I hie 01 emigration MI our pliore•
may tv.aiire 1111 hi. 111.111.1111.1i111.4 1.11111.1'..111 11 home 111.1 l wil
leave him no elm,• to regret the land of Li. iuutritl.
" For the at t $ 11111 l 01 railway... the Legi,liti .• cimilart.
1111,1 N.•%. Items-‘‘l.-k 11/111' %%I,ll'l 1`111.,/,1 111111,1 1111.
1./11.11011 /11/4,111.1.4. allllll, 1111,1.1.% 111.! 11111.1.111.1111 1111.1 r 11.'111111014.
/11111 811 1111111 141111.111111 q their Lase 111.V..1.1111.1,•14.4 inducedl4
1111• eapitalMt 1 111 111/11.0. 1114'.1` 1111151111'1'14 111/* (1,111 Or
1.111.11. 1411.111 11/111111) .111C111/1.111,1.-
The address being suitably ret4ptattletl to, and
given by the Rev. 111.. (trey, the 1.1.111 Of
l'rinity Cllllll.ll, Lail) 1144)41 turned the 11 I.SI SINI and
deposited it in tilt itiotl it Witt My prepitytul barrow, amid
the enthusiastic shlatts of the innitetne sittromilling
fnultitusle, and a salio of se% enly guns fin.4l
troop a iii :artillery. Ilia excellency deposited
the sect aul .• 111, the third WIP4 reinton.ll It) t ..tunnit tat tn.
Shithrick. /111.1 thelithers by the Mayor of 5t..14111104
and the ttllicials of the etattpany. %Viten the harrow
was NI, his excellent.). 1.41111.41 it along the platbam
and dumped it, amid cheers such its lacier were
heard in the litettlity before. 111 the then.
wa, grand banquet, presided titer by the chair
111111111 Or the 1./ impany, AI which oven hundred per-
/4141h WVIV 11S.1 111 1 Oka. The 1.1 1 1 Cl'lBlllllll'l 11S were
terminate)! by a brilliant display of fireworks and a
magnificent ball.

Tau PittsoN AT BRIXToN, heretofore Used 11*4 a
house of convetion for the comity of Surrey, has
been purchased by the Government, and placed under•
the control of the Pliant for tin' M anntzeisient of cm,
via Prisons. It i to be tl.ed exclusi‘el) as a dciu*.t
for female conviets under sentence of transportation
and penal solitude. The works are now so far out
yawed as to admit of the early oecupation of a por
lion the prison. 1)11e hundred female convicis are
about to be immediate', rein. 0e thither from Thu
bank Penitentiary, and further numbers mill be sent
from time to time, as OW works rrOgri.s... The whole
of this ,'lass Of 4'OIIVICIS w ill In' eventually re ell
from Milbank, whereby additional aecommoilailon
will be available for :Wl) more male eonviets, to whom
that prison will in future be wholly confined. The
new state of the law in referenee to transportation
wonid of itself render these and fmilier changes ne
el`,sary in the convict department.
No part of the pension granted to the King of the
Belgians is actually paid to his Majesty. The hits
tees, after discharging certain B.lllllltties and ►elision"
to the establishment of the late Prineess Charlotte.
repay the balance of the annuity to the Exchequer.
A parliamentary paper just issued states that the
sum so repaid last year was 30,000/.

THE PRESS.

st,AvE-TnADE TREATIES.

Foil fifty sessions past. the slave trade. in its manifold pre-
sentathais, h w futydshed auyde curploym. nt for the par-
liamentary printers. I hiring the first thirty years of the
current century, alsolitiiin and emancipation were treated
as home subjects—investigansl minutely. discussed hotly.
and wattled at hest in what we must term a tit of humane
despvrat i 4 in which England, with her eyes shut. and
for c. mietice* sake. gave freedom to the isegn• at the sit-
erilim of twenty and hilt n Rel.re Pitt,
since we have washed our own hands of the •• accursed
traffic,- our exertions Ilia .an 111.111111111.4. on its nee t
have by no means ceased. A al Moe still in-
form tut regularly of the strength and the wherealsotts of
our shoo spiallum. \V. are told how many ships an. em-
ployed in the service, bow many slavers 1111. y chase, how
Illillty of the crew die from %frivali h.\ aii.l how much
prize-money is divided amontz the survivors. At longer
intervals some committee issues its report, Minting
up to the latest dates the history of British efforts lit slate-
trade prevention—showing. from period to period, how
perseveriimly England pursues her holy anal self appointed
mission— 114 M illlo.lliitilSly site multiplies treaties ha- sup-

pressing the trade, which her faithful allies arc permuted
or 1)6644 to i.ign—find how invariably they are broken
11110ist ag as signed by the latter, 41I' %gime of them.
of those oecttsional reports, s ith the voluntinims evi-
dence on which it was founded. is wiw leliore
whole, we ale glad lii %/ly that it/40,1'0,1%6ms are more midis.
factory than thine of almost all its predecessors. We dare
mit he tno sanguine. one et' the I,est..ittintined witnessea
.4
by
the
esoniiiittee
wants
us that, even in spots
a here the slave trade appears twist tlionnightyextingitished,
it may break out 'Mesh any filly upon trilling excitement.
Vet the general tendeney tif events for some years past, as
SilloWit ill the present report. has liven, if not to diminish
the al all vllll/4 to simplify it. The gross number
of Ifrienvis annually sold into slavery to white Christians
lbws not seem lola. appreciably less : but the trade now con-
verges into one channel. prosecuted by a sin* nation, and
ilelanwhing upon a single market. This is it guilt
piing gained. The I il/ilance of our entisers may now
Is, noire ciineentrati.il and better 811'144'1. The "fist('?"
of 51111' shistniiiitti.ts limy assume VhatIVIIIK
know 011.1'e all' till' offenders, mid, if a British Alinistry
could be fwmil to thniw etiiptette overboant for the sake of
the great pimp'se in view, we know bow to crush the
otli•uec. The ?Willi Clllll tttt in this last repwt have
oillrete.l ..% respecting the slave trade in a dozen
I'lottoilties, and refer to the ma ttttt in which fl lllelyone
$44.11.ral treaties upon the suliject have lace kept. Out of
all they an• fond to declare that Spain is the only power
utterly tweessible to our attempts at restiMing the traffic,
and the treaties signed by Spanish sovereigns the only
compacts that are systematically violated. Summing up
their cominsi tttt in One Wirt. they loclieve " that
the slave trade would 1415111 l.e extinct if the l'ithan market
for slaves urn' Ciliat'll."

Brazil, not long since, appeared to be an equally
hardened offender. The repott of the 'Imo& committee
in Ist.lo denounces the "habitual disovard of treaties"
evineed by the Itraziliaaa, and the consequent expansion
of the slave trsde in that country. The ascertained im-
portation of slaves in ISI7 was :•11,1 74. ; in Is-IS, more
than 011.0010 *. and in !SIP, 41,010. Afterwards the tide
tamed. liming ISel there were only 3,•251 slaves landed
in Brazil, anal in the following year the numbers sank as
low as 74m, of whom a considerable portion were Peitell nud
liberal's) by the Brazilian tiovernment. From llahia
alone, as Mr. I'onstil Porter reported, in seventy-four
vessels sailed, OA in ISIS ninety-three, engaged in the
slave traele, one of which, the .4solorishs, of only SO tong
bunko, actually limited n,391, slaws in eight voyages, and
netted for its owners 10,400/. sterling in freight for the
human eargoes. The same authority stated to the present
11111 l it :eV that in IS St shingent orders arrived for the
suppts-ssion of the trade, anal that when he left Bahia, at
the end of Ist)]. it was actually anal perfectly suspended. tic
adds that " the British ships alone cannot stop the traMe,
but if the Brazilian tiovernment lee sincere it will certainly
be put down."
- -

What is trite of one tiovernment is talc of another. In
culla, as at Bahia. the whole force of the llritish slave
alumina, e of pint down the slave trade until the Spanish
authorities Iss.onie sincere in w,-operating towards that
end. The fact that hitherto the Spaniards of all ranks
lilt,. 41..11e just the reverse, nod the chance. or rather u.,
chance. 44 their ever evincing proper " sincerity " in the
eau..., form the staple material of the present report. .111
the wilt'. sses ter e examined very minutely npon this
point. and theirtea • any teals to the same conclusion.
" I i ist gay; • sass the IN mutittel.. ",ht's !tot record a more
.leehled breach of national honour.- It is painful." they
odds " to tact to the conduct of Spain in ciehttino its trea•

SATURDAY,

ties and obligations for the siippres%iuti of the slave teade...
To OM commercial apprehensions a liftrgain bee,,wea
11011111 y hindingwhen ratified by the payment of money.
Even this formality has passed between the eonntriea—to

tile extent, as the eommittee calculate t including interest
of E1:11,17W. sterling duly disbursed by England fur her
part of the yompact. Yet Spain has been equally regard-
less of the 111.awyA paid as of the treaties signed. She has
'wither kept faith to lwr owe agreements, Dor gioreeesios ft,r
received. A Foreign-office deapatele read before
the committee, gives an indignant summary of the terms
which tlw Spanish t iovernment agreed to observe, and the
disgracefel manner in which it broke them. By the
preamble to the treaty of Isl i Iketweell EIIORIaI and
Spain the latter brand herself to adopt.. in ecaleert sit!'
Great Britain, efficaeions monist for bringing about the Moo.
lition of the slave trade, and fior effectually suppressing the
traffic in slaves among Spanish subjects. By the treaty
itself Spain engaged that tient the moment the ratificatheis
were exchanged it should not be lawful for her subjects to
carry on the slave trade en any part of the coast of Africa
north of the Equator, and that from the •!Iftli May, 18'N), the
skive trade should lei abolished throughout the entire the
minions of Spain. Thenceforth it was unlawful for any
Spuds!' subjeets 1 rinellase slaves iir carry on the slave
trade on any put of the coast of Africa upon any pretext
whatever. The cruisers of each nation were empowered to
seize suspected vessels ; tribunals of " mixed " composi-
tion were appointed to try them :and guarantees exchanged
or promised between the Governments for the liberation
of all captured blacks who might, through the operation of
these tribunals, fall into their power. Farther, Great Bri-
taut agreed to lay down 4lsy sole as compensation for the
losses which, as the treaty expresstal it, were " the neces-
sary tsonseopiences of the abolition of the slave trade." In
pursuance of this convention Homy steps were taken on
the part of England. Ships were ordered to the cruising
grounds, eommbationent were appointed to the tribunals;
isviletitins were drawn up for the trial of supposed Am
and an apprenticeship system devised for the behoof of
emancipated slaves. Above all, the money was paid to the
uttermost farthing. " Hut how," proceeds the despatch,
" has Spain fulfilled her share of the engagement?"
" For int mimeer to this question it will be sufficient to
look to the island of Cuba. In Pell the number of slaves
in Cuba was estimated at 211b,009. A census of the popu-
lation was taken in Pea, which gave the number as
188,011. Another census was taken in Pill. when the
return of mimes then existing was given at 496,1f15; thus
making an increase, even by the official census, of 210,01111
in these last tom-teen years. lint that census is known to
have lawn ineorrect ; and it is believed that the real mmt-
lwr was purposely concealed. sad at this moment, aeeording
to the most intelligent inhabitants, the number of slaves
in Cuba is not less titan between SUOMI and 1100,000,
Her :Majesty's Government regret to say, that this mma-
Med mill alarming increase in the slave population is but
tooteasily Ile...Milted ti,r. An Oiliest avowed connivance
at the untie, on the part of the local authorities, aided, as
if has been, by the evasion's and adapt of the Government
at Madrid, whenever the conduct of their stlhonlinate ()Ri-
cci.% has tiVell denounced to 011111, and the strict fulfilment
of the treaty demanded, affords a rvaily solution of it.
Vessels have artived and cargoes of slaves have been landed
in the face of day, and in the immediate neighleatehoo4 of
the capital itself`: the facts have 15511 denounced by the
British functionaries to the captain-general; the name of
the vessel, the bet of the slaves, the very Prot in which
they were coilthivol has been 1111111 e known to Lim ; and tl o
lIIISINVII that the captain-general, eller going through
the form of an investigation, has declared the alleged facts
to Is, uttlbnnded, whilst it has been notorious in Havana
that he has received from the slavetlealers a price for each
slave that has bolt landed. Nor has the conduct of the
authorities less 1114404 e in rellell to the tlegThe!*
who Lave been emancipated by the mixed court. 1 klit.tit•
wily, it the conclusion of their apprentieeship, have tht se
mifiniunate persons been sold for n new term et' slavery,
to the milt of those whose solemn ditty it was to otecere t 11)
them complete and permanent freetione The Britielt
iovernment stetted. Premises were lavishly made;
aml et length the forcible representatitins of her Majooty's
Government prolneed. on the Ind of inequity, pew, g
royal order enjoining the milieu-hien in Cuba to can the
treaty into faithful execration. without the delay and evasion
arising from their custom of retiering to Mathid upon every
remonstrance or complaint addressed to them. But even
this teller wax neglected in Odra, and the infraction of the
treaty still continued. Subsequently. in Is:IN, a treaty wiis
concluded. more stringent than that of 1117, empowering
British ernistra to seize vessels under the Spanish flag
when equipped for the slave trade : and it was etipulati
that two months after the exchange of the rntifieations the
Spanish liovvnilllellt should promnlgate a penal law
affixing a severe punishment upen all Spanish subjects
crayoned in the slave limb.. Still the traffic was actively
eanie4l tin : and, though tlw importation of slaves was le,s,
those who melted the shares Of Cuba were offered to lie
made slaves, the governor. as before, receiving his bribe fir
inch individual Ilrgeo clinsigued to illegal captivity
see!' has been the extent of the illegal importations in
Cuba. that it is Yomputol that if the slaves imported *hue
were emanyipateti. necording to the intent and spirit
both of the treaty In 1417 and of that of IS:t.l. not one-sixth
of all the negrots or coloured population would remain
in
• bendsge."