The Express.
London, England, 1864-11-01 00:00:00

tiIUTANNIA.

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LONDON, TUESDAY, AOI'EMBEI: 1.

AT length, then, we may congratulate one another
that the war between Germany and Denmark is at
an end. The Treaty was signed at Vie:iha dAy
before yesterday ; Sunday, which so many Chris-
tian generals have made a day of battle, being on:
this occasion selected for completing the sacred
work of peace. The ratification is appointed to
take place within a period of three weeks, and
the evacuation of Jutland by the Germans is to be
effected within three weeks from that act. Suc-
cessive announcements from Vienna bad rrepared
the public mind for this iutelligence, but the feeling
of relief natural under such circumstances is one
which refuses to be anticipated, and which
only the fact itself can evoke. We iu
England have followed the course of events, so
calamitous for Denmark, in the Duchies and in
Jutlaud with a sympathetic interest of which we
shall never need to be ashamed. We have seen
our attempts, at first to preserve and then to
restore peace, shattered ou the rock of German
ambition ; we have seen a happy constitutional
State broken in pieces and reduced to insignifi-
cauce, and for the last four months nothing has
been left us to hope for but the speedy consumma-
tion of the work of iniquity. The last demands of
the Austrians and Prussians have now been regis-
tered, demands such as we believe have never
been preferred before in modern times. The Ger-
mans have actually required of Denmark, and
extorted by the occupation of Jutland, an indem-
nification for the losses occasioned by the exercise
of one of the most legitimate of belligerent rights,
that of naval capture. They might as well have
sent in a hill for the damage done to their artillery
at Missunde, and had they done so it must have
been paid. hut these things are at an end,
and are about to enter into the do-
main of history. Denmark will once more
enjoy—for how long who can say !—the
peace which she so much needs. Europe does not
and canuut recover the sense of security which
this war disturbed and destroyed. An example of
successful spoliation has been set, and it may be
feared that it will work, for there are many other
small States whose only protection is that public
law of Europe which Denmark has found so mi-
serable a shield. But sufficient to the day is the
evil thereof.

THE intelligence from the manufacturing dis-
tricts of Lancashire and Cheshire, which we have
recently published, will have informed our readers
that cotton distress is not yet a thing of the pas:.
During the summer we heard much—perhaps too
much—of the gradual resumption of work, the
closing of relief committees, the subsidence of
manufacturing industry into its old channel. The
Central Committee in Manchester contented itself
with meeting only once a month, instead of every
week, and curious people even began to speculate
on the possible appropriation of the bslauce
which would undoubtedly remain when is
occupation was finally gone. It is pos-
sible that those who were concerned with
the general working of the relief organization
rather than with its practical details, spoke in too
confident a tone ; it is certain that the rest of the
country took up the idea that the distress was over
with a feeliog of pleasurable relief, that a demand,
which reiteration was beginning to make wearisome,
was no longer made upon its benevolent sympa-
thies. Those who actually lived in the whist of the
factories had more misgivings. They knew that
the reviving industry, which so augmented the
returns of labour and diminished those of relief,
was local, and that some districts were almost as
poor as ever. They knew bow many causes had
been at work to disperse the lobouriug pootlation,
some of which were of only temporary operation; and
that when the approach of winter lessened the op-
portunities of out-door work, or sonic stagnation
trade took place in Yorkshire, the number de-
pendent upon relief would be indefinitely in-
creased. To such it was a source of astonishment
not unmingled with apprehension, to see how a
district, which had a considerable part of its ma
chitiery standing still, nevertheless managed to do
without relief ; and to reflect that what looked
like a gleam of returning prosperity, had been
bought at the price of a diminished industry. It
was plain that the renewed commercial activity
rested on no sound basis, and that any disturbing
influence, from whatever quarter of the compass
it might come, would severely try its stability.
It has long been predicted that a panic in the
cotton market must inevitably be produced by the
termination of the civil war in America. As it is,
the barest rumour of the possibility of such an
event, any unauthorised talk of peace between
self-appointed commissioners, any turn in the
c.ilupaign which all interested judgment could in-
terpret in the same direction, have sufficed to shake