The Press.
London, England, 1856-08-09 00:00:00

THE PRESS.

order, amounting to rashness ; an attribute of which
his colleague in the triumvirate, Kossuth, is singu-
larly deficient. But Mazzini is losing his col-
leagues. He is even deserted by Garibaldi. The
latter has signified his adherence to the late de-
claration of Daniel Manin, and his readiness to adopt
Sardinia and its constitution as the example and the
home of Italian liberty, constitutional and anti-
republican. This formerly democratic leader having
amassed a little fortune in the guano trade of South
America, has purchased the island of Capiera, on
the Sardinian coast, which he has improved and fer-
tilised. Having something to lose, with impaired
health, an uneasy conscience, and sounder views, he
has publicly abjured the doctrines of republicanism
in a circular addressed to the inhabitants of Vol-
tagio, wherein he confesses himself a convert to the
system of a constitutional monarchy. At the same
time he asserts that constitutionalism is utterly in•
consistent and impossible with the present arrogant
predominance of the Roman Catholic Church. This
advised declaration of opinion, arrived at after a
practical experience of a revolutionary republicanism,
has a sterling value.
A movement is taking place amongst the Austrian
troops in the Romagna. Fresh detachments are
pouring into Ferrara and Bologna, with parks of
artillery. At Bologna the soldiers have been con-
fined to their barracks for three days, and are in
readiness for service at any moment. All respect for
the constituted authorities is abandoned, and the
Austrian officers conduct themselves as in an invaded
and conquered country.
General Marini, Austrian Ambassador at Naples,
is pressing the King and Government to give way
to the remonstrances of France and England. The
withdrawal of the English Minister, Sir W. Temple,
has alarmed the Cabinet of Vienna, and the lan-
guage of Austria is becoming peremptory. A divi-
sion amongst the Liberals has alone prevented an
insurrectionary and general movement. The know-
ledge that the Western powers will not permit an
Austrian army, under any circumstances, to occupy
the Neapolitan territory, has given confidence to the
constitutionalists. In Sicily there exists the most
perfect unanimity of opinion, and that island may be
reckoned as for ever lost to the King of Naples. Upon
a recapitulation of all these occurrences in the
Italian peninsula, it may again be repeated that the
assertion of the English Government, that Italy was
approaching a stets of tranquillity, which would
authorise the withdrawal of the foreign legions, is
insulting to the Parliament of England.
The organisation of the free-trade commission—
,' lc congres des reformes douanieres "—to assemble
at Brussels in September, proceeds rapidly. M.
Charles de Brouskere, the present Burgomaster of
Brussels, who has ever assiduously sustained his
views on this subject, and was the mainspring of the
agitation on this great international question in 1847,
will be precluded by the nature and duties of his
present office from being president of the commis-
sion. It must not be forgotten, however, that it is
to his individual exertion and determined perse-
verance that the principles of free trade are about to
have a European solution. The Duke d'Harcourt,
M. de Lamartine, and M. Dufour Dubergier, Presi-
dent of the Chamber of Commerce at Bordeaux, and
others, have announced their intention to be present.
Hambourg has taken up the cause warmly, and the
Allgemeine Zeitung, the Gazette d'Augsbourg, and
the Gazette Autriehienne, Ministerial organs, with-
out affirming their adhesion to the doctrine of free
trade, yet assert the importance and the necessity of
discussion, which is in itself an admission of failure
in the present restrictive system. Holland, Den-
mark, and Switzerland are favorable, and Sardinia
is prepared to combat the views of Austro-Lombardy,
Rome, and Naples. It may be remarked that the
several countries where the Austro-Papal Concordat
has met with Ministerial favour, are governmentally
excessive in their opposition to free trade. Un-
restricted commerce is necessarily accompanied by
freedom of opinion, and the Pope, with his satellite
of Naples, has deemed such a reform in commerce
to have an heretical tendency. This will account
for the non compliance of the Romanists in Belgium
to aid in unshackling the trade of nations. The fact
is worth recording.
The affair of Vely Pacha against the Nord is now
before the " Tribunal de Premiere Instance de
Bruxelles." The following is a relation of the
occurrence, for the publicati3n of which the Nord
has been prosecuted by the Turkish Pacha :
Vely Pacha, son of Mustafa Paella, formerly Ambassador
of the Porte at the French Court, and now Governor of
Candia, took with him from Paris a young and pretty
"Lorette," who, for a certain consideration, consented to
occupy a position in his harem. Whether the " demoi-
selle " revolutionised the odalisques by inculcating Western
ideas inconsistent with the state of absolute seclusion—
whether the Pacha became jaded in his caprice—or whe-
ther there was a case of personal infidelity, is not known;
but it is certain that the unfortunate girl was strangled
according to Turkish usage. By the Turkish law there
must be a " reclamant," other than a Crown prosecutor;
and, as the Consul of France had not official cognisance of

SATURDAY,

the circumstance, or declined to interfere, the matter was
allowed to drop as of common occurrence, and of which
the befitting place of chronicle might be the page of a
Byronian romance.

For this " odious calumny," M. Lenient', the advo-
cate of Vely Pacha, demanded satisfaction ac-
cording to the article 307 of the penal code of
Belgium. The indictment was laid against the
printer, M. Greuse ; but M. Victor Capellemans,
a person of high intelligence and education, fear.
lessly avowed himself to be the editor of the paper,
and to have translated and transcribed the letter re-
ceived from the correspondent of the Nord at Con-
stantinople, as also to have written the leading
article of the 18th of April, 1850, reviewing and com-
menting on the atrocities of the case.
. .

The object of insisting on the prosecution of the
printer alone was to obtain a summary judgment,
and thereby to avoid the publication of details. M.
Capellemans, with ample means at his command,
will justify the alleged libel ; and, as the murder is a
sad reality, all that Vely Pacha and his advocate can
possibly do, will be to plead that the crime was
committed without his order, " Sans connoissance de
fait." The trial is fixed for August the 18th.

C. A. H.

fortign anti Colonial 3nttiligente.

FRANCE.

The Afoniteur of Tuesday contained the following
official announcement with regard to the army of
observation on the Spanish frontier :
Spain being pacified, the Emperor has given orders
to suspend all movement of troops towards the frontier.

The Moniteur also announced that the Emperor
would return to St. Cloud on this day, the Ath inst.,
and that his Majesty did not expect to be again
absent before the 15th, on which day the nand
official receptions would be dispensed with. The
vague nature of this announcement has given rise
to much speculation in Paris as to the real state of
health of the Emperor. The rumour, also, of an
interview within the next few days between his
Majesty and the Emperor of Austria has revived.
....

The elevation of Marshal Pelissier to the rank of
duke has been officially announced by the Moniteur.
The Marshal, upun landing at Marseilles, received
the letter from the Emperor conferring the dignity.
Marshal Pelissier arrived in Paris on Tuesday, and
set out at once for Plombieres by special desire of
the Emperor.
The Councils General of France, it is anticipated,
will be shortly summoned. The question of " Free
Trade," it is also said, will bo submitted to their
decision.

The measures of O'Donnell, in Spain, are univer-
sally praised by the French papers. A letter in the
Moniteur regards the coup d'etat as a very fortunate
thing for Spain, since, from the weakness of Espar-
tero, the democratic party, during the last two years,
had made most dangerous progress. The energy of
O'Donnell, it was hoped, would effectually check
democratic tendencies.

The SiPele, this week, calls attention to the contrast
exhibited by the rapidity with which the allies have
executed the treaty of Paris on their part, and the
slowness of the Russians to imitate their example.
It is not satisfied with Lord Palmerston's statement,
that "it is not to be supposed that the Russians will
destroy fortifications, which the Turks would surely
reconstruct as soon as they came into possession of
Ismail and Reni," bat thinks that Russia has delibe-
rately destroyed the works, in order to inflict a
pecuniary injury upon Turkey, which, in the dilapi-
dated state of its finances, is ill able to find the
millions necessary to repair the damage.
The Siecle also comments on the delay offered by
Russia in the restitution of Kars :

in 1829 Kars was given up to the Turks without difll•
(sully, but, according to recent dates from Constantinople,
that town still remains in the hands of the Russians. We
cannot accept the various pretexts offered by Russia, and
are of opinion that the latter obey a premeditated plan,
which, it is hoped, will result in imposing on the minds of
the Asiatic populations, by affecting a disdain for the Sultan.
The capture of Kars was the only success obtained by
Russia in these two years of warfare against the Turks, and
she, perhaps, wishes to exaggerate the importance of her
problematic success.