The Express.
London, England, 1864-03-28 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

sEW YORK, Mama 15, Evcrucc.
Money easier. Gold 60,1 per cent. prem. Ex-
change on London, bankers bills, 175 ; on Paris,
3.17 i. Stocks very firm. New York Centrals, 134.4 j;
Illinois Centrals, 137 ; Erie, 123} ; Six per Cent.
United States Bonds, 112. Petroleum, crude, 32c.
to 33c.; refined, 51c. to 52c.

NEW YORK. limit 16, MORNING.
President Lincoln has called for 200,000 more
men, to be raised by April 15th, when the draft
for the deficiency will be made.
Colonel Kilpatrick asserts that Dahlgren's in-
structions were to capture President Davis, and
kill him if he attempted to escape. Public pro-
perty only was to be destroyed in Richmond.

(By telegraph to Halifax.)
NEW YORK, Masai 17, Evraum.

Both Houses of Congress have passed the bill
authorisiog Secretary Chase to sell the surplus of
gold in the Treasury, with the amendment that the
obligation to create a sinking fund, according to
the act of February, 1862, shall not be impaired.
Admiral Farragut has withdrawn the fleet from
before Mobile.

The army of General Banks is moving, but its
destination is not known.

A large Federal fleet, with 30 transports, is at
the mouth of the Red River.
NEW YORK, MAWR 17, Arraamoom.
It is reported that the Confederates have cap-
tured three Federal regiments at Yazoo City.
General Johnston has advanced his artillery
from Dalton to Ringgold.
The Governor of Kentucky has urged the peo-
ple to take legal measures fur the redress of griev-
ances.

The Arabia and Edinburgh have arrived out.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGMiCE
NEW YORK, MAnce 17, EvErni. c.

Money easy. Gold has fluctuated during the
week between 60 and 63, and is now quoted 611
per cent. premium. The price has not been mate-
rially affected by the passage of the Gold Bill.
Exchange on London : Bankers' bills, 176 ; on
Paris, 3.15 f. Stocks firm and advancing. New
York Centrals, 137 ; Illinois Centrals, 137} ; Erie,
1231 ; Six per Cent. United States Bonds, 1111 ;
Cotton dulL Midland upland, 74c. Flour heavy ;
wheat declining ; corn nominal ; provisions quiet ;
coffee steady ; sugar and molasses quiet.
Petroleum dull. Crude, 30c. to 31}c. ; refined,
48c. to 49ic.

QUEEN7STOWN. MARcz 28.

The screw steamer Saint Andrew, from Portland,
on the 12th March arrived here at 5.30 a.m. to-
day. She landed the mails and 18 passengers and
proceeded for Liverpool at 6 a.m.
Her news has been anticipated.

MEXICO.

NEW YORK, Modica 15, EVENING.

Advices from Mexico, by way of Hannah, are
to the Ist inst. The French bad occupied Lacea-
tecas. Juarez bad refused to resign. Yucatan had
declared for the French, and Vidurri had pronounced
against Juarez.
The French had captured a Mexican steamer with
despatches for Juarez.

The Spanish government has notified to the
European Powers that all the mute of Santo Domingo
have been placed in a state of blockade.

DE4PATCH OP THE BOMBAY MAILEL—The Penin-
sular and Oriental Compsoy's steamship Eliot& sailed on
Saturday with the mails for Gibraltar, the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Aden. Bostbay, and Upper 13imegal, toptiwir with
24 first and 23 wood class passengers. The Elora took
out on freight 7 boxes specie fot Alexandria, value in are-
trios 21,0001., and for Bombay 1,220 boxes specie value
406,0871. lna., of which amount 253,7501. is bar silver,
67,0751. silver coin, 65.0001. bar gold, 18,500/. gold coin, and
emerakla sod watches value 1.7621. 10a.

OUTWARD AMIRICANMarI—The Cunard royal
mall steamship Persia was despetebed from the Mersey on
Saturday last for New York, with the Uosted States mails,
about 100 passenger, and • large cargo. Oa Wedssaday
next the lama. Company's steamer Etna will have Liver-
pool for New York, with mails for the Coiled States. The
box at the Post.olime will be open for the receipt of letters.
Le.. until 11 o'clock forenoon, and for despatch by way of
Cork till 8.30 p.m., and with late foss until 9.15 p.m.

HOMEWARD AMERICAS! MAILS. —The following
steamer' are doe at Liverpool this week with the American
mails :—The City of New York, Captain Kennedy, with ad-
vice. from New York to the 19th March, will no doubt
resob Queenstown in the amine of to-morrow (Tuesday),
and the Cunard steamer Australmian, Captain Cook, with
dates from New York to the 23rd, is expected to reach
Queenstown on Saturday neat.
Despatches were received on Saturday at the Colo-
Dial-office from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonise
Islands. Deepatehes were sent to the Oovernons of Ousels,
Malta, the Identities, Corlett, Hong Kong, Liman, the
Australian Calwaira. and Gibraltar.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(711011 01711 Owl

PARTS, SUNDAY Evurnro.

K Armand bars appealed to the Court of Cessa-
tion against the judgment of the Court of Aix
sentencing hint to pay 20,000 fr. damages to
Maurice Roux. Unfortunately the Supreme Court
cannot reconsider the evidence upon matters of
fact upon which the Court of Aix acted ; all it can
do is to see whether the judgment is illegal upon
the face of it. Here is that judgment, which I have
no hesitation in saying will in all time be a blemish
in the history of French jurisprudence :
Considering that although it results from the declaration
of the jury that Armand is not guilty of having wilfully
struck or wounded Maurice Roux that circumstance does
not exclude the material existence of the fact but only its
criminality,
Considering that the court, being called upon to decide
according to its conscience upon the civil action, is com-
petent and in duty bound, while respecting the verdict of
the jury, and without oontraclictiog that verdict, to inquire
whether Armand is the author of a material fact prejudicial
to Roc t. and entitling him to reparation,
Considering that it results from the dimension that
A• .nand is proved to have, on the 7th of June last, load-
vertently (mated roitement) struck Matrices Roux, and that
the blow so attack can be impute.' to Armond as a fault
for the oonsequenosa of which he ought to be responsible,
That this blow seriously injwv i the health of Maurice
Rota, and rendered him incapable for a long time of re.
smiling the exercise of his profession, and that the damages
to which he is entitled are necessary to supply him with
those means of existence which he can henceforth but in-
completely obtain by his labour,
Sentences Armand to pay him 20,0 C Hr. recoverable by
all legal means. _ _ _

The force of absurdity can no further go than
the rendering of a judgment declaring Armand to
have struck his servant " inadvertently" by the
very president who in his summing up had told
the jury' that there was no middle course, and that
they must either hold Maurice Roux to be a per-
jurer and au impostor, or Armand to be an assassin.
That was the truth. The statement in the judg-
ment of the court is a revolting subterfuge.

There are rumours that the Mexican loan is still
the object of great competition among capitalists
here and that a fusion with the present contractors
is on the cards. I believe, however, that nothing
is yet settled. The Credit Mobilier will probably
have nothing to do with it. There is a coolness
between that powerful company and the govern-
ment owing to the determination of the latter to
break up a long-standing monopoly by counte-
nancing the institution of a rival.
The melancholy rumours of reactionary designs
in the government counsels lend an interest to an
article by M. Gadroult in the Opinion Nationale,
headed "A vicious circle," wherein he gives excel-
lent expression to the wishes and apprehensions of
the public mind. This article begins as follows :
Why should political liberty, which is so thoroughly ac-
climatised in England. America, Belgium, and Switzerland,
and which so rapidly took root in Italy, not be naturalised
in Preece? It is now thresquartere of a century since our
great revolution of 's9, and journals in France are still sub-
jected to the regime of warnings, that is to say, to the regime
of good pleasure, and the most absolute arbitrary power.
The electors cannot meet together to put questions to the
candidates who canvass their suffrages. Yea of letters,
professors, cams only speak to the public on the subject
of their favourite studies by virtue of a permission
which, after having been long refused, is on. fine day
granted, nobody knows why, and then suddenly withdrawn
without anybody being able to guess the reason. And even
this audacious experiment of allowing learned men to lee-
tare about hfootaigne, Verciogetorix, or Joan of Arc is some-
thing so little in harmony with the degree of liberty we are
DOW permitted to dream of, that the rash minister who
exposed social order to such terrible dangers is tabooed by
the votaries of reaction, and in danger, as the rumour goes,
of losing his Owe. What a singular thing ! It is in this
France of ours that the theory of program and perfectibility
took its rise. Pascal, Perrault, Target, Condorcet, Saint
Simon, elaborated the bases of this fruitful theory, which,
instead of regarding humanity as a sort of stationery crys-
tallisation, has shown it to be a living organisatioe, and one
which, like everything that lives, grows and changes inces-
santly. By what singular contradiction is it that the
country which gave birth to the doctrine of progress should
be the one in which it is lass understood and less practically
applied than any other.

After showing how, under the first Empire, the
Restoration, and Louis Philippe, such men as
Chateaubriand, Royer Collard, Benjamin Constant,
Casimir Perier, Thiera, and Guizot, were succes-
sively esteemed to be dangerous radicals, and how
no liberty was ever gained from any government
except by violence and revolution, he continues :

The moment is eminently propitious and wall &open.
The country is bent upon liberty—that is artain—and it

does not want disorder. What is the government waiting
for! If the hour has not yet rooms when will it come !
There is unhappily about the government a knot of men
who are growing old and are frightened at all immvation.
They fenny themselves still on the morrow of December 2,
1851, and would think all lost if liberty even of the most
restrictive kind, so long as it was certain sod precise, and
freed from the regime of tolerance and good pleasure, were
to be granted. We do not hesitate to my that no people are
more fatally condemned to proffer bed murals than these
veterans of imperialism. They cams to power at • moment
when order wee uppermost in meo's minds, and they can
now think of nothing else, and are rumble to under-
stand what is going on under their own eyes. This
situ►tion is eminently deserving of the Emperor'.
serious meditation. He has frequently heretofore
found happy solutioes in his personal inspirations.
Why should be not be the initiator of liberty as
he was the restorer of order! And what grander task
could tempt the ambition of a sovereign than that of break-
ing once for all that vicious circle is which Fame bee
been moving for the last three-quarters of • century,
oscillating between despotism sad anarchy, without being
aide to grasp that liberty which she nevertheless sees ready
to her hand ! May we hope that we shall be understood

PARIS, SATURDAY Evrnaro.

Yon will probably be astonished to learn that
after the jury had acquitted M. Armand, not only
of an attempt to murder, but also of the subsidiary
charge of cutting and wounding, the court, acting
as a civil tribunal, and without a jury, awarded the
prosecutor 20,000 f. damages against his master for
an assault. There is something revolting to every
notion of justice in the spectacle of a judge, foaming
at the mouth with the excitement of a prolonged
chase after a prisoner, and furious at the jury for
not following the dictation of the summing up,
taking upon himself, then and there, to pronounce
a judgment against the prisoner, which can only be
justifiable upon the assumption that the verdict of
the jury was wrong. Nevertheless, such a proceed-
ing is perfectly legal in France, and the thing
very often happens. Trial by jury has
never been more than tolerated by French
authorities, and they resort to all sorts of evasions
to escape from the consequences of the institution.
It is a common saying now in the Palais de Jus-
tice that the tendency of the day is to " correc-
tioualise" everything—meaning to say that crimes
are reduced to misdemeanours in order to obtain
a certain conviction for a minor offence before a
tribunal of correctional police rather thau run the
chance of an acquittal by a jury. In many eases
they try a prisoner before a jury first, and, failing a
conviction, bring him before the correctional police
afterward:. This was done in the came of the unfor-
tunate governess, MisaDondet, whose trial I beard,
and of whose entire innocence I was firmly convinced.
She was accused of a series of revolting acts of
cruelty towards children of an English family, and if
the children told the truth she must have been
• fiend incarnate. Her counsel, M. Nogent St.
Laurent, pleaded that the children told lies, and
the jury adopting. that theory acquitted ber. But
subsequently an inferior court found her guilty on
' the very same evidence, and sentenced her to five
years' imprisonment. Here, however, there was
not the shocking circumstance of a conflicting ver-

diet pronounced in the same court and at the
time. A case which in point of law was precisely
analogous to the present oue, though the practical
bearing of it was not so distressing, was that of the
Duke de Gramont Caderousse, tried at Ver-aille,
for killing Mr. Dillon in a duel. The jury aciieit-
ted him, but the court found that he really did kill
Mr. Dillon, and therefore awarded damages to hi,
family. There it was obvious to every one that tier.
was no doubt about the facts. It is well known that
French juries cannot be got to convict iu the case
of a fair duel. Nervertheless the public consciema
cheerfully acquiesced in the decision of the judge-
that, the duke who in obedience to the so-called
laws of honour had taken Mr. Dillon's life should
make some compensation to his bereaved family.
But in the case at Aix there is no room for any
intermediate opinion. Armand was either 1%4°11',
innocent or wholly guilty. Either lie never went
down the cellar at all, and never laid a finger upon
his servant, or he did his utmost to murder him.
and with cold-blooded atrocity pretended all 41,,y
long to wonder where he was, while he knew that
the wretch was lying bound with noirdero,i-
cords in the dark cave where he had laid
him. On the other hand Maurice Roux.i.-
story must either be altogether true, or he
is a vile perjurer and a barbarous seeker of inno-
cent blood. That was the issue the jury had to,
try at Aix. Their verdict, after ten days' patient
consideration, was that Roux is a perjurer, and
Armand a maligned, innocent, and much-11.0nd
man. The Procureur Imperial and the jtel4. -
believe Maurice Roux's story; they think
master did try to murder him, and being prevented
by the verdict of the jury from punishing him for
that crime, they give effect to their own °IMAM',
by making the master pay the servant a great
lump of money. The unsatisfactory reollt
is a painful instanoe, indeed, of the fallibility of
human tribunals. The technical excuse for the
conflict offered by French jurists is that the Vt.r.
diet of the jury only bears on the cnipabilit.,, and
does not pronounce on the materialit!, of the fact ;
and that an accused person may be the author of
the act of which he is charged, and, neverthele4.,
not be " guilty." If it should be thought that thi•
law which permits such a scandalous evasion ot
trial by jury ought to be altered the press can .1, .
little or nothing to force the anomaly on the
attention of the legislature. It is a ter-
rible thing in France to say a word against
la chose jagee—the thing judicially decided.
The infallibility of every tribunal is au axiom of
law, and the press is condemned to say that the ver-
dict of the jury and the inconsistent one of the
court are both right.
The Pays says it is not lightly, and for Lucre
form's sake, that the government of Stockholm
called for supplies from the Swedish and Norwegian
Assemblies, with the view of being ready to concert
with the government of Copenhagen for a corn 'no ac-
tion. It thinks, however, that Charles XV. will coon lie
himself at first to the occupation, in accord with
Christian IX., of divers military points in Denmark.
An army of 20,000 would suffice to carry out thi-
plan ; and this assistance would leave the whole
Danish army free to act against the invaders.
There was a fuller attendance at the Bourse, and
Rente rose 10c. both for cash and account, closing
at 66.10 and 66.15. Mobilier rose 7.50. There was
considerable animation in railway shares.

N 77-EFDAT.
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