The Express.
London, England, 1862-08-12 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BAIDOL

Tim Day —Montag. U. ta L.— Abwrsoos. $ 504 i.
TO-hozaow—liorhing. 4h ft.—. Ahem.", 41i. tka.

LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 12.

Ir is deplorable enough that we should have
everything to learn about cotton supply when
the dearth is already upon us; but, amidst the
confusion of ideas and the conflict of statements,
we are getting on towards knowledge ; and know-
ledge will in time bring relief. The contradic-
tions are, to be sure, very perplexing, but we
learn from them what sort of information we are
moat in want of, how to set about getting it, and
for what practical end. To those who hold that
enough and too much has been said about the
apathy of Lancashire in regard to the supply of the
material of its manufacture it must be a striking fact
that the public does not see that the subject
ought to drop. The public desires to be practical
at last: and every kind of discussion of the came
brings up the consideration of that past apathy of
the manufacturers, and will continue to bring it up
till the same pains are taken by the persons most
interested as are taken in the Potteries to obtain
proper and sufficient clay, and by our woollen
manufacturers to encourage improvements in the
breeding of sheep, and discoveries of new material
of wool and hair. Whether the rate-in-aid is
discussed in the Commons, or the Bellary Canal
works in the Lords—whatever may be the tone of
public meetings, and the variety of correspondence
addressed to the journals, the one common thought
in all minds is of the singular neglect of which the
manufacturers are an example—a neglect which
leaves them now apparently as ill-informed
about the question of cotton supply as the
bar, or the medical profession. If any
evidence were needed of what was their duty
and what has been their neglect, it is found in the
strenuous, persevering, self-sacrificing, but una-
vailing efforts made, for a long course of years, by
the half-dozen or so of their own body who saw
what ought to be done, and foresaw what would
be the consequences of not doing it. So very few
were those wise members of the class that we now
do not know where to turn for any trustworthy
information as to what our prospect really is.
Generally speaking, the manufacturers contradict
one another as strikingly as American citizens or
gentlemen from India. If, amidst the confusion
of statements and expectations, there arises any
one point on which almost everybody is agreed,
we may be satisfied that we are getting on. And
this appears to be now our case.

As to the probable duration of the dearth,
the official world seems to be the most san-
guine, Lancashire the most divided, and out-
side observers the most gravely apprehen-
sive. Mr. VILLIERS recently said that he hoped the
worst of the distress would be over by October,
when 400,000 bales would be arriving from India.
From what the Duke of Arrovi.r. said in the
Lords, it is clear that the Government has
no official information as to say such extent of
relief ; and the Duke himself ventured on no more
explicit statement than that there is much more
cotton now on the way hither than there ever was
before at one time. Lord Snarreasurtv quoted
Captain HAIGH, the engineer-in-chief of the
Godavery Works, as believing that there are in
India, ready for market, no less than 6,000,000
bales of cotton, the annual consumption of "the
" world," or of the western world, being elsewhere
:computed at 5,000,000 bales. There are a few
whispers still about 3,000,000 in America, which
a peace might set free ; and though there is less
and less belief in a peace, and iu any considerable
quantity of well-prepared cotton remaining in
the States, it is probable that some lingering
hope of a supply from the old source may
be answerable for some of the obstinacy of Lan.
ca,shire apathy. While leaving practical enterprise
to other people, however, the Lancashire men can
argue on as many sides as all the rest of the world.
It is most perplexingto hear how different their ex-
pectations are as to the quantity of cotton that may
be in the country by Christmas, or by Christmas
twelvemonth. The merchants seem to know no
better than the manufacturers. The only guidance
one has is the evident reluctance to encourage any
hopeful statement, because of its effect upon the
prices of stocks in hand, both of the raw material
and the manufactured goods.
In society generally the impression is certainly
much less cheerful thanthat which the Government
Professes to entertain. The ignorance is so great
among those who ought to know—past enterprises
have so generally failed—there has been so little of
the ordinary British spirit of daring specula-
tion, of zeal, patience, and conquering energy in
this particular field, that the public does not ex-
pect much good result at the moment when it is
needed. We have not deserved a supply of cotton
from Jamaica or Guiana, or from the special
regions in India which we ought to have been
attending to for many years pat; and now we
shall have to wait. Some tell us we shall have to
wait ten months, and some ten years. We need
not make a list of the obstacles and disoourage-
menta they anticipate. It must ruffles that they
expect no substantial relief in October, or any
other month ; and that they believe that the dis-
tress must deepen throughout the winter, and at
least till the crop of next year comes in. It may
be very well that there ass so many to say this
now. If it proves true, we shall be best satisfied
to have been prepared ; and if not, we shall
forgive the past discouragement for the sake
of the prudence it must have generated. It

is well, for instance, that efforts should
have been made thus early to enable a good many
of the operatives to emigrate, and to distribute the
young people among various field of industry. !
When cotton does begin to flow in again, it is alit- .1
possible that the whole body of operatives can be
wanted for a considerable time. It would be a
great blessing if this singular opportunity were
used for breaking the bad habit of bringing up
whole families to the same occupation, so that all
are well paid, or all starving at the same time.
However this may be, it appears at present to be
a wise proceeding to rescue as many as possible of
the younger members of the body from the wreak
of their industry, and put them in the way of a
living elsewhere.

The common conviction which seems to In
rapidly arising out of all the contradictions is that
an agency, sent out by British capitalists, to
operate in the various cotton countries, and
especially in India, is the most urgent and indis-
pensable step to be taken. Mr. SAUNDERS, the
Cotton Commissioner, lately arrived from India,

says this is the thing to be done ; so does Mr.
CROSS, at Manchester, after many years of study
and effort which we shall now learn to appreciate ;
so do all who know anything of the agencies
which exist in India for the depression of the
cultivator, and the benefit of long gradations of
middlemen.

Our capitalists, then, must organize themselves.
There is plenty of moneyalways to be had for enter-
prises, promising and doubtful, and never was there
more money wanting a good direction than now, or
an enterprise more likely to yield large profits. flints
have been uttered in Parliament that companies
are forming, and are appealing to Government for
encouragement and protection. If this means
more than appealing to Government for special
information, and facilities of access to places and
people, we do not see what can be expected, or
ought to be desired of Government. Mr. Citoss's
plan seems wiser that practical middle-
clime men, more or less related to the
manufacture, should begin, sure that, when
they have proved their point, there will be capital
and countenance enough offering to share the
profits and the credit of importing cotton in pro-
portion to the demand. What is now proposed is
what we have proposed as the immediate step to
be taken ; not that manufacturers should turn
cotton-growers any more than Government, but
that they, and other capitalists who may have the
sense to join, shall carry the demand up to the
sources of supply, and bring the supply to the
great field of demand. The capital they subscribe
will be laid out in agencies in all the promising
cotton districts of our own dependencies, if not of
' the world, in providing means of collecting and
properly transmitting the produce actually exist-
ing, and in making such advances as may be ne-
cessary to secure crops still growing or about to be
sown.

Whoever may be right about the chances of
the ooming months, there can be no rational doubt
of the benefit, or of the profitablenessof our taking
our own case into our own hands ; and, as to the
way, most of us will agree that it should be by pri-
vate enterprise sustained by British capital.

The Emperor (says Galignans) yesterday (Mon-
day) received a letter from Queen Victoria, aotifyiag to his
Majesty the marriage of her daughter, the Princess Alice, to
the Prince Louis of Hesse Darmstadt, am well as a letter
from the Grand Duke of Henn anuouncing the same event.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess
de Brabant and the Count de Fbindre arrived yesterday
morning at Woolwich, where his Excellency the Belgian
Minister and H. Maurice Nikon were in waiting to receive
their Royal Hignesses. The royal party travelled to London
by the North Kent Railway, and prooseded to the Clarendon
Hotel, where the state apartments had been retained for
their Royal Highnesses' reception. The Count and Countess
de Moerkerke and Major Burnell are in attendance on thei
Royal Highnesses.
The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland
arrived at Northumberland House yesterday from Sion
House, bleworth, after passing several weeks in compara-
tive retirement. The noble duke and duchess leave town
today for Keilder Castle, the duke's marine seat on the
coast of Northumberland.

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston intend to
leave town today or to-morrow, for Walmer Castle, Kent,
A select family circle will meet there immediately after the
noble visoount and viscountees take up their residence
there fur the autumn.

The Earl Granville returned to town on Satur-
day from visiting the Lady Marian Alford. at Ashridge
Gutle.

The Earl sod Countess Russell, family, and
suite, arrived at Kioptown, per the Ulster, at 6 o'clock on
Saturday evening, and proceeded to Brealin'e Marine Hotel,
Bray, where they purpose soltwuming for 110109 weeks, The
noble earl received despatches on Sunday morning from do
Foreign-office.

The Earl and Countess Grey left town yesterday,
for Howl& Castle, Northumberland, for the mum

Viscount Uffington left town yesterday, for
Coombe Abbey, neer Coventry.
Viscount and Visoounteas Castlerosse have left
town for St. Lootterd'e-on-See.

Lord Dufferin and his mother, Lady Dufferin,
returned to Dufferin Lodge, Highpte, on fiatarday, from
visiting Lady Marian Alford, at Aahridge (adle, Herts.

Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Bailie (Royal Horse
Guards) and Maria Viscounts.. Glentworth have left
London, for Scotland.
Professor Whittaker and Mrs. and Miss
Whittaker have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermynatreet,
for the United States.

Mrs. Bates has arrived in Arlington-street from
Scarborough.

M. Auguste David and Madame David have
arrived at the Bromwich Hotel, Jertnyn4treet.

Mr. Gladstone has accepted an invitation to
visit Newcastle and attend a banquet provided by the
inhabitants. He has named, as the most convenient day
for his visit, the 7th of October nat.

Sir William Armstrong hospitably entertained a
body of hie workmen, consisting of members of the Eiswink
Engine Works Reading-room, on Saturday. For the alloy-
meat and delectation of the guests ample provision wee
made at his mansion at Jesmond. Sir William wee present
and took part in the interestiag proceedings.
. .

Captain Mackenzie had an interview with the
Duke Newautle yesterday at the Coloand-odles.

Despatches were received yesterday at the
Colonial-office from the mermen of the setalernent• on the
Wert Coast of Africa. Despatches were sent to the
governors of Malta, Ceylon, Hong Hoag, Lama, and
Gibraltar.

THE ROYAL RORTICELTURAL SOCIITY,-14 Ot-
withstanding the departure from tow@ of a large number
of the aristocracy, the garden of this society matinees to'
be numerously ■od fashionably attended. Among the dis-
Nagnished personages who hare hoeoursd the garden with
a visit during the cast week were the following, Mc. :
Priam Lucien Napoleon, the Duchies of &menet, the
Marquis sad Nonhuman of Westminster, the Marquis and
Marchioness of Waterford, Lord Craven, Lord Como
Rosen% Lady William Paulett, Lady Louisa Thiene, lady
Ebury, the Right Hoc. B. and Mrs. Disraeli, Sir John and
lady Burgoyne, Sir R. Howard, to.
Tan SEAMEN'S iioerrreL—ln addition to other
novel benelintioos made by his Highness the Viceroy of
Egypt during his stay in this country, we are glad to learn
that he has sent a donation of 1001. to the Seamea's Hoe.
phal, established oa board the Dreadnought, ail Graerrieh.
TOZZAHIRE Seuton Fiennatia. —The Lord
Mayer of York presided o►sr se influential maeYnt of t►e
gentry ea Wednesday, when resolutions were a eelseoaiy
passed to adopt wesseres by w►ich salmon may be restored
to the rivets ol Yoriceire. Yr. J. W. Ftessell, laspeeter
of interles, was mow t. sad it was moaned to Raise suls-
soripticat to erect sibuos ladders over the weirs en pima
approved by that gentleman. The rims to be opssated en
ate tie Dome* Wharfs. Owe, Kidd. Ina* sad Erre.
The mom, required is 1,160&

LA.T0.123T ANTELLIGENc&

.!(moisi's'sr.paLudi.)
MOVIIIMINTS OF GARIBALDI.
PALERMO, Atiourr 12.

Garibaldi, with 500 volunteers, is starching in
the direction of Petra, Pezzia, and San Oataido.
His object appears to be to reach Maisie&

The city continues tranquil. The attempts to
get up popular demonstrations are universally con-
demned.

Public opinion is in favour of conciliation.
TURLY, Anson 12.

The Discussion of to-day asserts that the Italian
government has sent a diplomatic note to the
foreign powers, declaring its determination to make
the laws and established authorities respected ;
but, at the same time, pointing out the danger of
a prolonged occupation of Rome by the French
troops.

GERMANY.
VIENNA, Amos? 12.
The Prase of to-day publishes the following
telegram :
" Stuttgardt, August 11.
. . .

" The ministry resolved to-day that Wurtemburg
should not become a party to the Franco-Prusaian
commercial treaty.
"This resolution has already been notified to the
court of Berlin."

BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, AUGURT 12.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Pers., with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here. She bring 37 passengers, 8891. in
specie, 2,620 bags of wheat, and 247 packages of
sundries.

On the 10th inst. she spoke the steamer Castel-
Jan, and the bark Sultan, steering southward.
The two Spaniards who murdered the crew of the
American bark Reindeer have been arrested and
lodged in Malaga prison.
GIBRALTAR, 7th inst. :—Exchange on London,
90 days, 44 to I ; on Paris, 526. Freights unal-
tered.