The Express.
London, England, 1852-08-25 00:00:00

TO TIM RDITOR OF THY DAILY NINO.

London, August 24, 1852.
Sir,—ln order to throw some more light on the question of
the Lobos Islands, which, it would appear, the Americans are
anxious to claim as being the discovery of Captain Morrell in
1832, I beg to refer you to the following extracts from the
Diecionaris Osegralico Historioo de lee Indiu Occiden-
tals. o America,' published at Madrid in 1788, edited by
Colonel Dr. Antonio de Alcedo. Under the bead of Peru
it givee the assess of the principal cities, barbarous nations,
riven, lakes, aermatains, sea ports, its., and islands.
Among the latter, at page 173, vol. IV., is specified
Lobes. I. page M 6 of vol. 11., under the head of Lobos,
are mentioned several lakes and islands, amongst them the
following :
" Another island (called Lobes) in the south sea, off the
coast of the province and jurisdiction or Cantu, n Peru ;
it bean the surname of ' Pasta' to distinguish it from
others ; it is uninhabited (desierba), only sea wolves or seals
(oboe-marines) being found then; is situated is 6 deg.
56 min. south latitude."
"Another, on the same coast of Peru. in the province
and jurisdiction of Santo, called the Windward,' to dis-
tinguish it from another island in this previews and king-
dom, called the ' Leeward," which is situate beside the
point of Agup."
" Another island in the South Sea, called ' Lobos
Hi-
vestres' (woody Lobos), off the coast of the province and
jurisdiction of Ice, in Peru."
This, I think, will be sufficient to satisfy any impartial
person as to the title to these islands.
I remain, air, your obedient servant, J. M.
P.B. The word Lobos is a pun Castilian word, which
means wolf.

The public must receive with great caution the
accounts in the American papers relative to the
alleged proceedings of the United States government,
in regard to the seizure or forcible occupancy of the
Lobos Islands. We believe it will be found that the
government of the Republic does not at all agree
with the course taken by Mr. Webster, reports of
whose retirement from the cabinet have already been
referred to. We hear it stated in a well-informed
quarter, that since the publication of the papers laid
before thel British parliament, the American cabinet
is inclined to coincide with the decided opinion
of Mr. Abbott Lawrence, the United States
representative in England, and recognise the
title of the Peruvian government to the islands. It
is probable that in the event of the American yes-
eels which bare proceeded to Lobos actually loading
guano there, the matter will be settled by the Peru-
vian government protesting against such a proceed-
ing, and claiming of the American government the
full fixed price for every ton of guano so carried
away. Duo regard must also be had to the fact that
the guano of the Lobos Islands, owing to its being
the produce of the seal, or sea-wolf, is from 25 to 33
per cent. worse than the guano of the Chincha
Islands. In any case, however, looking now merely
at the English bondholders' side of the question, it
behove, them to at once make a stand in defence of the
security specially hypothecated for the payment of
the dividends, and, in public meeting. draw up a
strong protest against any undue action on the part
of the American government. The measure would
certainly be attended with a good effect.
In our French correspondence will be found the
details of the concession of the Bordeaux and Cotte
Itailw.iy, which, as was espectid, has been granted
to the English company represented by Mr. Alder-
man Salomon', to whose notification, addressed to the
shareholders of the Hue projected some years back,
we recently drew attention. It is to be hoped that
the French government will perceive the necessity
of showing due liberality in the matter of tho cau-
tion money deposited by the old company.
The market for foreign exchange to-day was not
abundantly supplied with bills, and the prices varied
but little from the (petitions of last post, the ten-
dency, however, being rather downwards. Short
Paris was done at 25.25 to 2; 1, and three months at
25.-17} to 50. Very little paper was offered on Hol-
land, the rate ruling at 12.0 i to 1 for three months;

LMIIMOOL, AUGUST 24.—The minket opened very heavy
this morning, and has remained so all day. The sales,
which are few, are lower than thee. reported yesterday.
We quote : —Birkenhead, Lancashire and Cheshire (late
Cheater and Birkenhead), 191—Blackburn (late B. C. sod'
W. Y.) pref. 6 per cent., 241—Caledonian, 201—Eastern
Counties, 101—East Lancashire, 171—Lancashirs and York-
shire, 801 1 80—Ditto (fifth shares), 21 d.—London and
North Western, 1211 1 20—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lin-
colnshire, (6r. new pref. shares), 1 p.—Midland, 75f 16
61 761 1 6 41—South:Eastern and Dover, 211
11 1 11—
York and North Midland, 24—Dutch Rhenish, 1 d.
llancuasean, AUGUST 24.—Prices cpened tolerably
well, but fell at the close of the day, especially for the larger
stocks. Not very much business was done. Birkenhead,
Lancashire, and Cheshire, 91.—Blackburn, No. I, 6 7-16—
East Lancashire, 171—Leeds Stock, 80—Sheffield, 281—
Midland, 741—South Eastern, 21 1-16—Whitehaven and
Furness, 7.

AIICICST 24.—The market opened with
better quotations this morning, but closed lower in the
afternoon. The transactions were Birmingham, Wolver-
hai pWn, and Stour Valley, 111, 111. lc 3d. Shrewsbury
and Birmingham (B's), at 61.
LIED!, AUGUST 24.—A moderate business has been done
in shares this morning, but in the ease of several stocks at
'decline upon yesterday's prices. The fall in Midland is
in about I per cent., and Leeds Northern. 10e. per share,
in other stocks the variation is but slight. Business has
' been dons at the following quotations Lancashire and
Yorkshires, 811—Bsat Lancashire, 171 ez div.—North Wes.
tern, 131, N. Is. SA—Midland Stock, 761, 761, 76/, 761, 76
—Leeds Northern, 161, 161, 161—Eutera Counties, Ii—
York and North Midland, 34.

HINTS ox PAPER-ILANowc.—Many a fever ham'
been caused by the horrible nuisance of corrupt Vie used in
pap,a-hanging in bedrooms. The nausea which the sleeper
is aware of on waking in the morning, in such a ease should
be a warning needing no repetition. Down should come the
whole paper at any cost or inconvenience ; for it is an evil
which allow* of no tampering. The careless decorator will
say that time will set all right, that the smell will go off,
that airing the room well in the day, and burning some
pangamt thing or other at night, in the meantime,
will vary wall. It will not do very well, for health, and even
life vanyhe leas la the interval. It is not worth while to have
one's assommekipaired for life, or ene's nerves shattered,
for tin mks attlta lam and trouble of papering a room, or a
whole house, If nesessary. The smell is not the grievance, but
the token of the grievance. The grievance is animal putridity,
with which we are shut up, when this smell is perceptible in
our chambers. Down should come the paper; and the,
wall behind should be scraped of every particle of its
Wt covering. It is astonishing that so lazy a practice
es that of putting a new paper over an old one should exist
to the extant It doss. Now and then an incident occurs
which shows the egret of such absurd carelessness. Not long
ago a handsome hawse in London became intolerable to . suc-
cession of raddessts, who could not endure a mysterious bad
smell whisk pervaded it when shut up t from the outer air.
Consultations were held about drains, and all the particu-
lars that could be thought of, and all in vain. At last, •
clever young maa, who examined the house from top to
bottom, laid his suspicions on a certain room, where he
iuserNd a men slip of glass in the wall. It was presently
covered, and that repeatedly, with a sort of putrid dew.
The paper was torn down ; and behind it was found a mass
et old papers, an inch thick stuck together with their
layers of size, and exhibiting • spectacle which we will
not sicken our readers by deseribing.—Diekens's " House
hold Words."_

Irnwiett LAMB FAlR.—This fair commenced on
Monday. The supply, particularly of lambs, fell somewhat'
short of former years, whilst generally their condition was
certainly not first-rate, but, in point of quality, we have
seldom seen them excelled. There was a very full attend-
ance of agriculturists and dealers from this and adjoining,
counties, evidently willing to do bu%iness, at fair prices, but
the holders at first asking high rates' for a time checked
trade; towards two o'clock, however, business became very
steady, with a good demand for fat mutton, at from 61. Gd.
to 7s. per stone, and keeping sheep and ewes at from 30s. to
40s. each. In the best field a few lots of improved Irish
stores were offered, and many found purchasers at from
2s. 9d. to 3.. per stone. estimated weight when fat. A stand
or two of very good Welsh colts and the usual supply of
middling horses were on offer, the former in good demand,
at from bi. to 101. each.

_
°LANDOW AND SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY.
Return of traffic for the week ending Angtnt 21,1162:-
4.0991. 14.. 9d. ; corresponding week, 18.51, 4,0231.85. Id
N111.1.11:r of passengen in 1862,27,936.

was no alteration to-day in the value of either
or foreign Wheat ; the tew samples of the former
at market wen disposed of at about Monday's quotations,
and a fair retail business was done, at that day's rates.
Barley sold on quite as good terms as before.
The continued large arrivals of foreign Oats keep the
market depressed, and dealers had no difficulty in supply-
inteinsthemeelves at former prices.
and Pees fully supported the advance noted on
Monday.
ARAI VALB INTO LONDON FROM 23rd AUG to 20th ADO.
Ora Lnellatt. tiootch.
Whirt.......„1:710
Earley 7O 6250
Oats O2O 1200 I 21270
Malt ..... SOSO
, melts; 7.193 bunt.. .

MINCING-LANE—MIS DAY.
SUGAIL—Tbie market is quiet to-day ; none offered in
public sale. The refined market steady ; grocery lumps,
low to fine, 43e. 6d. to 465. 6d.
Corrni.—The public sales, which are large, are pro-
grening without any material alteration in price..
Tue.—The market appears to be firm. The public sales
declared for Friday partly suspends batiste's by private
contract. _

Ricw.—The public sale of 700 bags Bengal went off at
full prices, 10s. to 10e. 6d.
COTTON—The market is firm, but inactive.
Spica& are in limited demand; prices are unaltered.
BRANDY continues in good demand, at high prices.
ID other articles no material alteration.

BOROUGH MARKET.—THIS DAY.
Mesas. Pattenden and Smith report that one pocket of
the new growth has arrived at market and realised 81. Os.
per ewt. There is a steady trade for consumption for last
year's Hops at firm prices. Duty 220,0001.

TALLOW MARKET.—THIS DAY.
The market is very quiet; the trade are buying only
sparingly. Town Tallow u quoted 38e. nett cash ; Peters-
burg's Y.C. on the spot, 39,. to 34. ; October to Decem-
ber, 38s. 9d. ; January to March (1833), 395.

COAL MARKET.—THIS DAY.
Tanßeld Moor, 12a. 6d.; North Percy Hartley, 13a. 9d. ;
Walls End Gosfortb, 13s. 9d.; Walls End Eden Main,
14a. 3d.; Walls End Kenai, 14s. 34.; Walls End Russell's
Helton, 165.; Walls End Stewart's, 15a. 6d. ; Walls End
Maxwell, 15s. 9d.; Walls End lees, 16a. 6d. ; Walls End,
Hatton, 166. 9d. --Ships at market, 99.

HOPE FOR CIIANCERT SCITORS.—Tho cause of
"Beckford v. Jasper," begun above a hundred years ago,
is now in • fair way of being wound up. The original
plaintiff was Thomas Beckford, executor of one James
Pope, a merchant, in Madeira, and Edward Jasper, also a
merchant, vas the orignal defendant. Jasper owed Pope
10,0001., and Pope died in 1713, and in 1748 Beckford, his
executor, filed this bill against Jasper, who died before he
@mild put in au answer. The suit was revived against
I Jasper's executors, and in 1753 the cause was beard before
Lord Chancellor Hardwick, and referred to the Muter to
take accounts. In 1764 and in 1772 further proceedings
were taken, and 6301. in Bank Stock and 6551. were lodged
to the credit of the cause, which then slept until 1851, when
Mr. J. D. Wadham obtained administration to Pope, the
original testator, and revived the bill against Jasper's rem-
' ustatives The funds to the credit of the cause had, by
accumulation of dividends, bonuses, &c., amounted to
70,0001. Wadham bad to take out administration to five
I intermediate e:tates, and to pay 7781. for the stamp duties.
The case is now wound up by an order to pay the eats of
all parties out of the funds in court, and to share the re-
mainder according to the respective rights of the claimants.
REGISTRY OF VESSELB.—It has been deemed
advisable to owe a cue to be submitted to her Majesty's
Attorney and Solicitor-General, who have given their
opinion as follows .—" That the registering officers are
bound to carry forward or continue on the certificate of
registry, endorsements of unsatisfied mortgages once re-
corded, until they are discharged, whether they be first,
second, or subsequent encumbrances ' • and that any second
or subsequent mortgagee might, if he sustain damage
through the omission in. question, maintain an action against
the registering officers,' and and the authorities have, there-
fere, directed that the above opinion of the law officers of
the crown be communicated to the proper officers of the
customs at the several ports of the United Kingdom for
their information and future government in the matter.
Cuatoma.—Ntemrs. W. J. Ready and W. Hamp-
ton, principal gaugers of customs, have been appointed to
the office of inspectors of the gauging department.
MR. FEAR° t: °VON Noß.—Thisgentleman'shcalth
is rapidly improving under the care of Dr. Tuke, of whose
'liaison de sant., lie is is an inmate. Moderate di • '
restriction from intoxicating liquors, together •
exercise, and the absence of excitement (
•
ninny and personal), have brought round t
_
his
resufrilt. As yet Sir. O'Cvonor has not been terse
.AX•3

the earairefiL

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

& hand UM= . "The Lamer," erseJelth the sea& Mabee
0 Censer,. Is y011'6601 every Theeday sal Friday MO; Is elm
ler peeL
heverumeheetelatended ler "The tapreee," Lefties await, yew,
mud be at the Ogee. heravorte4rzeet, Twe Aim& es the
do of pelaireetteth

moil WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Toms DAT —Maga. 10k. 115. la. Ma
74.09aow—Janing.1111. Ok.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25.

ONE thousand persons per annum perish by ex-
plosions in coal mines! To set our steam-engines in
motion, so that we may perform our miracles of manu-
facturing energy, and be enabled to increase the
facilities of locomotion to an unheard of extent, we
pay this murderous tribute annually. When we
boast of the wonders of our machinery, of the per-
fection to which we bare brought our system of
railroads, let us remember that to get the coal which
supplies us with the motive power we sacrifice ev, ry
year ten hecatombs of human kip. About three
of our countrymen die every day in order that we
may have calico cheap, and travel at tho ruts
thirty miles per hour.
11 e really think this fact is of at least as much
importance as many of those which are occupying
the attention of the Sanitary Associations. The
miners, who live next door to death underground,
appear to us quite as well worthy of sympathy as
the inhabitants of courts and alleys, who have a
horror of white-wash and a propensity to sleep Ave
in a bed. Want of ventilation in a mine is after all
&matter deserving as much consideration as want of
ventilation in a bedroom. The former defect is the
invariable precursor of an awful explosion, the latter
may possibly generate a fever. At present, however,
the tide of sj mpathy runs decidedly in favour of the
sufferers from foul air who dwell aboveground. The
publication of a report of the select committee
appointed last session to inquire into the cause of the
frequency of explosions in coal mines, may possibly
do sometling towards correcting public opinion in
this matter.
It appears from the report that the number of lives
annually lost by explosions is, as we have stated,
about one thousand. The cause of the greater pm,
tion of the accidents is defective ventilation. Now,
so far is it from being the fact that the managers of
mines were not sufficiently acquainted with the
cause of the evil, that a Committee of the House of
Commons 17 yean ago made it the subject of animad-
version. The report says:
The committee of the House of Commons in 1835 GAM
puolie attention to the 'indite eontideace that hitherto lad
been placed in the Davy lamp; suggested that redone*
should aridly be placed for security on increased yeses.
hoe ; and concluded by expressing a hope that the evidoneo
they published would stimulate to such ircrease. It is to
be regretted that so little attention was paid to these bens-
Sisal suggestions.
if it could be shown that in any ont-of-the-way
spot is Africa one thousand negroes had perished in
one year on account of the neglect of such reason-
able beneficial suggestions, every town in England
would have had its meeting to reprobate the culprits.
As the victims in the present case are our own
countrymen, black, it is true, but of home growth,
it is impossible to get up any excitement on the
subject. The amount of negligence displayed may
be imagined from the two following cases quoted
from the report :
In one ease related in the evident*, It appeared that pre-
ceding the explosion there bad bow • great fall in the
barometer, which indicated eke minnesity of increased venti-
lation and vigilance. The tmeollosher had no harotrwler,
and therefore was in *nemeses of the fact of the dimi-
nished pressure of the atmeepleae, which was all the while
thus allowing the fire-damp to escape in larger proper
tions from the gams sod imps of the mine. In soother
ease (that of the cesent ectoconsee in the Aberdals valley)
Mr. Blackwell, We fooperieee of district, advised, on a
previous visit, metals piseestises te be When. Teo ad-
vice was disregarded ; the espledei owed.
It is generally supposed that the ifasra we then-
wires naturally so reckless that they nab is st
any attempts made to ineOnnee their meemeity during
work. It would appear, hwerner,tbst this charge is
much too sweeping. The eenesittes allude to the
fact that they themselves ban received representa-
tions on the subject of immenrity from the miners of
the north and other digitisese and that the miners of
Lancashire and Nortle•-• -I.nd presented a peti-

tion on the same subject to the Mime of Comnions.
The points dwelt on in the petition are the necessity
of increased ventilation, of increased inspection, of
the appointment of sub-inspectors, and of the unmade-
factory nature of the inquests hitherto held after even
the most distressing explosions.
On every detail connected with the subject of ex-
plosions, the committee have made remarks and given
advice which, if followed, cannot fail to dinunieh
the amount of the awful annual sacrifice of human
life. As a means of increasing ventilation, they
recommend the adoption of Mr. GOLDSWORTHY GUR-
NEY'S steam jet. One remarkable advantage to bo
obtained by the use of this process of ventilation will
be seen by a consideration of the fact that 70
per cent of the deaths are occasioned, not
by the explosion of the "fire-damp," but by the
"after damp" which succeeds it. Now, a steam jet
may be so employed immediately after e explosion,
as to sweep the chambers of the mine, and thus
expelling the foul air, or dilating it with fresh,
enable those who have caped immediate death, to
preserve life until assistance can be rendered. Sup-
posing this practicable, and there seems no meson to
doubt it, seven hundred lives out of the &emend
saerificed last year might have been presumed.
All the int:nesse. bore testimoay to the total
inadequacy of the present system et ingestion.
The number of inspectors is too small. their power
is too limited, and the salary is too inigailrant to
attract men with abilities competent to so imams a
task. The committee appear tome ohisatims Minimis-
ing the power of individual inspestambut they_adviee
the estatlishment of a competent &Sid to whist the
inspectors might report,
. sad whisk amid have
power to enforce penalties ia wand dinhalisain to
its regulations. We have our dealka GRAM point.
We incline to Burnam's opinion that " Bear& are
only fit to make screens of, Bat supposing a Board
to be appointed, the great point to be obtaimed
would be to lodge a power in it to ism
orders for the instant stoppage of the w=
mine of which the ingests sisported.that •
current of air was not kept up through the vagina
parts, and that proper issteasents to mega the
ventilation and give warain GE danger were set at
hand. As masters' messarser the inspectors resew
mend the better education el the miners, sad the
circulation amongst them of proper rules and riga
lationa.

Surely this is not too much protection to ask for
men who wear their lives out in procuring for us
that mineral which has been the greatest of the phy-
sical causes of the prosperity of England during the
last thirty years. On many occasions we exhibit an
agonising sympathy with inch portions of our fellow
creatures as are exposed to danger. We mulct the
proprietors of steamboats and railways on the slight-
est appearance of neglect. We banish far away from
our towns all businesses which tend to make neigh-
bourhoods unhealthy. We abolish Smithfield. We
insist upon our poor taking case of themselves, and
make them swallow fresh air against their will. If
a servant does not get a due supply of food from her
master and mistress, the whole kingdom is in a state
of excitement, and the prison is the only place strong
enough to protect the culprits from the fury of the
mob. But week after week we bear of numbers of
our fellow creatures blown to atoms or suffocated, and
we sit still. The victims are part of the price we
pay for our coal. It is sad, but inevitable. Reguks-
cant is pace.

Juke as the port of Newcastle-on-Tyne, represent-
ing the Great Northern Coal Trade, and the town of
Belfast, the seat of the great Irish linen and flax
manufacture, are urging Lord MALMLSBUIT to" try
his 'prentice hand on • French Treaty of Com-
merce, the Mundesr has interposed a word of com-
fort to the monopolists of France. " In these
Important matters, it assures them, "the Adminis-
tration will not depart from the prudence which has
been the rule of its conduct."
The best parallel that we know of to this French
"prudence," is the old Greek fable on which OVID,
with his incomparable felicity, has conferred im-
mortality. PALL" hearing of the fame of the Viqin
AIACHNE in spinning and weaving, condescended to
a trial of skill; but the goddess, being equalled in her '
art, wan mo stung with rage and envy, that she turned

the poor mortal into a spider, and condemned her to
spin and weave out of her own bowels. The
" prudence " of France, unlike the rage of PALLAS,
however, will condemn not its rival, but itself, to
spin out of its own bowels; much more to its own
loss than to the injury of England.
But why reproach France with a folly which Lord
MALSIESSURTs to be wisdom? And how un-
reasonable a Newcastle and Belfast to ask him to
urge France not to spin out of its own bowels?
What France does Lord MALMESBUST thinks it mad-
ness in England not to do. How, then, can our
coalowners and our flax spinners request hint to try
to break down in France a system he would restore
in England? "Alt,' we hear them exclaim, "but he
can resort to reciprocity; he can purchase entrances
into France for our coal and our linen yarns by
lowering our own duties on French wines and bran-1
dies." Perhaps ho could. But increase the eOO-1
gumption of the wines of France, and the use of
British beer might be diminished. The wine duty
protects British agriculture to some extent. And
therefore it was that Mr. Dteaseu, at the close of
last session, declared against any lowering of tl'e
duty on wine ; and deprived, of course, Lord 1/met's
Foreign Minister of that instrument of reciprocity
which Sir ROBERT PEEL, in 1842, expressly reserved
for his Foreign Secretary:
I will not sow eater on the question whether it be er be
not wise to maks redactions of slaty es imports without
obtaining as assurance of relaxations frost duo
couutrie• baselittod by our rreeddseam of duty • but I nut
say, when we make such reductions on *melee imported,
we ought to do our utmost to proem frees foreign countries
corresponding advareages to England. Nor can I deem it
wise to diminish the hope of satisfactorily arranging those
relaxations with foreign nations by rashly reducing the
amount of duties on articles which must form the bases of
negoti.ition. I dc* not, therefore, parries any nasal's of
duties on wines, brandy, Ike., though I hope that they may
be reduced when corriepondlog relaxations are mark by
other countries benelitted by our reductions.
Thus the Chamber of Commerce of Belfast may
see how slender a reed to lean on, even for recipro-
city, is an Administration which does not recognise
the justice of the principles of free trade ; for, turn as
it will, it runs against the prejudices of some inte-
rests; and, in dealing with foreign states, it cannot
use those arguments which only can demolish the
" prudence that hurts France more than England.
How irresistible in the hands of a Free-trade
Foreign Minister the case of our flax manufacture
against the French tariff would be at this juncture,
when France and Belgium are re-settling their com-
mercial relations. It was in 1842 that England
threw its ports open to the specialities of French
productions. Since then our shops have been filled
with French silks, French gloves, French cambric*,
French boots and shoes, French bronzes, and the
thousand other ornamental works of Paris; until
now, look on what side of oar streets we choose,
these French articles meet and greet our eyes. Yet,
by a carious infelicity, it was in 1842, the epoch of
our concession to French industry, skill, and taste—
it was in that year that French "prudence" betook
itself to excluding our linen yarn : and "prudence,"
when about it, did the thing very effectually. For
' an increased duty of nominally 33, but, from the way
in which it is levied, really 54 per cent., was laid on
their importation; and the coneequenee was that,
whereas British linen yarn exported into France
had risen from 17,5031 be. in 1831 to the enormous
amount of 22,202,2921 be. in 1842, it fell from that
year, until, in 1850, the number of lbs. exported to
France was but 690,602.
But this piece of French "prudence" cost the
French treasury some 250,0001. a-year, which the
moderate duty was producing; and, in addition, the
French. people some 51.000,0001. a-year, by raising
the price of linen goods. It gave, however, a
great cheek to the production of yarn at Belfast
and Dundee for the French market. But, on
' the other hand, it confirmed their superiority
in neutral markets; for since France imposed
this absurd duty. on English yarns, though the
number of its spindles increased from 70,000 to
400,000, it has never been able to meet the home
of linen, and has none to ex-
pedite have no doubt been reaped
Cre.the French monopolists. But the joke is, as the
monopoly attracted a large amount of English capi-
tal into the French linen yarn production, so a large
proportion of the indirect tax levied on the French
nation has gone into Englishpockets.• Thus sig-
nally do trade and capital vindicate their rights on
those who interfere with their freedom.
The advocates of reciprocity, or limping free trade,
would have perverted these facts to retaliatory pur-
poses. Not so Sir ROBERT Peet ;he never thought
of denying to France the further concessions ho
made subsequently to 1842. He gave France the
full benefit of his corn law; and no little benefit it
proved. For, just as France took less and less of
our linen yarns we, wiser in our generation, took
more and more of her grain and flour, our importa-
tion of French wheat rising from 3,118 quarters, and
of French flour from 48 cwts., in 1843, to 595,355
quarters, and 1,925,175 ewte., in 1850.
If figures and facts could rouse the commercial
chivalry of France, this contrast of shop-keeping
generosity to the selfishness of French glory might
tend to relax the apparently indomitable prejudices
of the French people against freedom of trade to some
extent. But the deplorable corruption of modern
French society interferes with and arrests any such
hope; each class finds it so profitable to spin out of
its own bowels, that, all combining, they are able to
minus, underfeed, and underelothe, and underpay
community. It is a sorry prospect, Ws,
for France.erj And though it is right and proper to
fey what effect proposals to reduce our wine duties
might have on it, the Chamber of Commerce of Bel-
feet must first catch an English Ministry who will
consent to deal with the wine duty; and that, at
present, it is certain, they have not got

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ANO7HER lIAYNAU

While the young Emperor of Austria hes been
ostentatiously journeying through Hangery to demand the
homage of Its subjugated pie, the discarded end
forgoten Haynes who burned and bombarded his sub-
jects beck to obedience, hes been a wanderer in Belgium,
where he has this week learned, somewhat unexpectedly,
the popular estimate of his merits. On Sunday evening
last about a quarter to nine, Henan visited the
Brussels Vauxhall, where, as usual, a concert was taking
place. At nine o'clock, says the Echo, the marshal showed
himself in the garden, and was immediately surrounded by
a curious crowd of about two hundred persona His atti•
tads, it was noticed, had something theatrical about
it. It being apparent that a demonstration was about
to take place, General Chasal, of the Belgian service,
who was in the garden, went up to the marshal,
and entered into conversation with him, hoping by
his presence to overawe the rising feeling. A few
memento passed and no manifestation took place,
the crowd meanwhile increasing very rapidly. M.
8i lee, the director of the gardens, caused the °rehears
to play two favourite pieces, in the expectation that the
attention of the crowd would be withdrawn from his uneasy
guest; lout in vain. Hisses were heard, then some very
pointed observations were addressed to Haynau on his share
an the Hungarian war, while the majority of the multitude
cried, "Turn him out, turn him oat." M. Chula essayed
to address the people axd assuage the storm, but
was not listened to, end the tumultuous excitement roes
still higher. Meanwhile messengers had been sent to the
police-station and barrack., and shortly the officers arrived,
together with a file of soldiers. A number of arrests took
place, but the parties all being persons of character end
petition, were released immeattely. After this, Ileyneu
remained some little time at the eoneert, guarded by a knot
ofilleigien officers, and followed by the spectators in all his
movements. As ho returned from the concert to his hotel,
he was again hissed, and a number of uncomplimentary
cries were beard, but no violence was practised.

Marantomv.—The Weather, aged 40, of iM.
proving political connexion's, sad being as well known for
his independence of mind se In Is for ►is independence of
fortune, is anxious to form • matrimonial alliance wit► •
young lady, not older than himself, who might be able to
command, if not an army, at least the sea•+ of procuring
one in the hour of necessity. Temper is of so kind of ob-
ject, as political influence in the stale el Nampo is the grand
thing needed. It this influence in the male can be further
Increased by the weight of • fortune sulleiently large to
turn the scale in the advertiser's tavour, so mach the better.
Absence from England having somewhat limited the circle
of his respectable acquaintance, induces him to take this
now not very unusual mode of making known his wishes.
lies every reason to believe his name and position would,
upon acquaintance, make any 01111 happy who accepted his
hand, though it still might hear upon it the stains of recent
' political events. Any young lady answering this proposal
mug send with it medical certificates of her having been
vaccinated, as welt as her portrait, the likeness of which
must be attested by two of her dearest friends.—Address,
under the cover of secrecy, to L. N., Elysi,e, Paris, marked
outside, " Tendcr."—N.B. Young ladies of the House of
Coburg nay apply.—l'uncA.

FRANCE.
PARIS, TIISSDAT EVINIZO.
The Monifaur publishes the addresses received by
telegraph from 15 councils-general. These documents
present two futures in common. They all begin by
expressing gratitude towards the President for the
services rendered to France and to society by the
eosy) cregat of December 2; but none proclaim a wish
for the establishment of the hereditary empire, which
is openly invoked by several of the councils of arron-
dissements. Several, nevertheless, allude to Louis-
Napoleon u the heir of the Emperor. Probably
diplomatic considerations, and the wish to avoid
giving umbrage to the northern powers, have im-
posed, under the auspices of chairmen in the con-
fidence of the government, this regard for existing
treaties on such of the councils as are most favourable
to the views of Louis Napoleon. The proclama-
tion of this Prince as b.mperor for life, or as
Emperor with the power of transmitting the
crown to his descendants, comes to pretty much
the same thing as concerns France, where no settle-
ment of the supreme power for the last sixty years
has been able to survive a single generation. To
alarm Europe by affecting the hereditary empire
would be riskingall for a shadow, while the substance
may be grasped without any risk at all. The coun-
cils where there is a majority devoted to the govern-
ment seem, under the direct inspiration of ministers
or high functionaries, to have acted on this hint, and
avoided the untutored zeal of the lower municipal as-
semblies. Nevertheless, as if implicitly to consecrate
the hereditary principle, many of the former style
the President the heir of the Emperor. In four of
the addresses those of the Charente, Cher, Duels,
and Seane-et-Loire, the claw of opposition peeps from
language of velvet. All the rest either express a
wish tor the President to become emperor, or,
what amounts to pretty much the same thing, to
consolidate and perpetuate the power in his
hands. I shall proceed to extract from each of
these addresses the words which are intended to
convey their political meaning, and which, by the
way, in one or two instances are ambiguous enough.
The Nord expresses no wish; it only affirms that
" the loyal concurrence of the council is gained to
the Prince, upon whom reposes henceforth the des-
tinies of France. The benefits due to him will be
maintained and enlarged by the stability of the
future." Cold enough this. The Pas de Calais, next
door to the Nord, is some degrees warmer. "It ex-
presses the wish that the power, of which the Prince
his made so worthy and glorious a use, should re-
main heneeforward in his hands under a form as
strong as durable, which may for ever deprive hostile
oppositions of the hope of agitating afresh the
country at a determined epoch, on which all evil
passions seem to count beforehand." Here the
presidency for life or empire seems invoked. The
Sesame is very brief, and simply " wishes to see con-
solidated in the hands of Louis Napoleon a power of
which ho hu made so noble and salutary a use."
The Seine Inferieure "places all its hopes la the heir
of the Emperor, and wishes that, in order to secure
tho future of the country in a definitive way, the
chief power should be perpetuated in the hands of
Louis Napoleon." The Manic " directs the solicitude
and initiative of the great powers of the state towards
the means of giving to an authority twice issued
from the national will all the stability which is re-
quired and desired by the country." This appears
somewhat ambiguous, the sort of stability required and
desired by the country in the powers of Louis Napoleon
being the very question at stake, which the councils
are invited to resolve. The Bas-Rhin affirms that
"France needs stable and definitive institutions,"
and " begs the Prince to complete the work he has
begun with the visible protection of l'roviderce."
The Cotes-du-Nord, extreme points of Britanny and
stronghold of legitimacy, calls the President " the
man of Providence, like his uncle of imperishable
memory, who has saved the country from the hideous
excesses of anarchy," and affirms that " France
breathes under a wise and firm government, of which
she desires the stability for her repose, her prospe-'
rity, and her greatness." The Loir-et-Cher speaks
out plain, and expresses the wish " that the Prince
Napoleon may be named Emperor of the French."
The Loiret wishes " that the Senate should
take the necessary measures to give to the
powers conferred on his Highness the Prince
Louis Napoleon a character of duration and stability,
which may permit him to continue the work so
happily commenced, and to secure the repose and
prosperity of France." The Cher says : " The appease-
ment of civil discord, the pacification of hearts, and
the direction of all the living forces of society towards
the practice of institutions which permit the country
to repose with calm in a liberty wisely regulated
under the shelter of a strong and stable power, each
is the wish of France, such is the signification of the
seven millions of suffmges she gave you on the 10th
(20th ?) of December. Our devoted concurrence will
not fail you for this work of consolidation any more
than it failed you on the day of combat." The C4te-
d'Or is plainer. It wishes " that the Senate should
consult as to the means of perpetuating the power is
the hands of the heir of the Emperor." The Suns-
et-Loire is the briefest of all, and in evident
opposition. It confides in the "high wisdom
of the Prince-President to consolidate and
perpetuate by solid institutions the
_prosperity
and greatness of France." The Doubs
equally cold. It expresses " the firm conviction that
the powerful arm which has known how to found
order and peace will know how to consolidate and
maintain them." The Haute-Oarenne expresses the
wish that the Senate, drawing its inspirations from
the circumstances and the great interests of the
country should inquire into the great mamma pro-
per to consolidate in the hands of the Prince-Prue-
ant the power whisk he holds from the national
will" Out are the say pumps of thus addresses
widok sontais any msentag et political istorta Int
seems curlews that the G&W paper should by
publish* the addresses et NM of the ' t
semselle-passeel. sulk se time et the Oates da Nord,
the Hante-Ciarease, and the Need, while the wishes
of the intsinesdiate demimonde are not given.
The Chissahetioneel has reduced its annual sub-
scription to 32 francs.
A journal of Nancy has received the following
commeniges
The journals are net to publish any report of the sittings
of the counells-general bat those which the presidents of
these councils think proper to communicate to them.
General Magnan left Paris yesterday for Stras-
burg, to take part in the proceeding of the council-
general
of the department
M. Fortoul has notified to the newspapers that the
announcement of his departure to preside at the
council-general of the department of the Basses-
Alpes was a mistake. The numerous occupations of
the minister of
.public instruction will not allow of
his quitting Paris at this moment.
It appears from the Momiteur that Viscount Clary,
who was appointed president of the council-general
of the Loir and Cher, has refused to serve, and Gene-
ral Baron Servatim is appointed in his place. This
refusal of Count Clary is the more remarkable from
the circumstance that he is a cousin of Louis Napo-
leon, his relative Mademoiselle Clary of Marseilles,
having married Joseph Bonaparte, the Kies of Spain.
Viscount Clary was a member of the Legislative As-
seErikmbly, where he generally voted in favourr of the
No certain intelligence has been given by the go-
vernment prose at Paris u to the points stipulated in
favour of Belgian commerce. According to be best
information I can get, the articles on which the
duties are reduced are cotton, stuffs for trowsers, lean
cattle, and hope. The Monileur contains the follow-
ing notice of the conclusion of the treaties:
Oa Sunday, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, with MM.
Firmin Realer and C. Leidts, plenipotentiaries of the King
of the Belgians, signed two trendies which will be received
with equal satisfaction. by public opinion in Brussels and in
Paris. The Ant of these ratifies definitively between France
sad Belgium the reciprocal guarantee of property in works
of intellect and an, and at the same time reduces to a just
proportion the respective duties imposed on the importation
of books, printed papers, engravingsand lithographic prints.
The second treaty sanctions some reductions in the cus-
toms tariff.

Thcrintrie affirms that the two conventions in
question will come into operation on the Ist lan.,
1N.,3, and that the exchanges of ratifications between
the two powers will take place on the 10th Decem-
ber next ; the fixing of that date will dispense with
the necessity for the Belgian government to convoke
an extraordinary session of the Chambers, as the
opening of the ordinary session will take place at the
beginning of November. It is stipulated, among
other conditions in the literary convention, that the
duty on French books printed in Belgium and im
ported into France shall bo fixed at 20fr. per 100
kilogrammes, and that on national books pnnted in