The Express.
London, England, 1864-05-17 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS,

CANDLES.—PRIZE MEDAL.
PARAPILNI—Laopted by 1 Malerty's Governaintlaz
Ihe slain Wallas.
YIELofD,
the willsal alannhataren and holden the 186 k Print Medal,
malice Ur pulls amid say spurious imitations. Their label
la OM di pride and bens. &4u oy all dealer. thronhent the
MLEW and tee exportation at the Wolin, UPPIIt
LONDON. a., where ale ray be °MAW
Sift cniebrilill Waited Barrie, amp Tall.

DEPOTS AIITHENTIQUES for SALE
sa. awuns, Tamer. awl Ups. miteidaelrand or in-
MANCH GOVIRNMINT TOBACCO ALMONISTILATION,

an si
011. PICCADILLY, W.: 40, KING WILLLUISTILIST, CITY.

TN what Happy Land can I see you after the
.11. "Opera?" I am/y taw of OW "H Lead" In Which a
mmtlamaa may sup—rvANrs, Coyeatpoda4 my der fallow !

Cite enirefio.

61esellatesente had' edictll47ltepe-e;" louden WINOS
Pam must be at the Alm 10, Boolewtootreak by Two
We** ow the day of poblkalloo.

HA yMA ILK ET,

Tide Immo, THE BALANCE OF COMFORT. Mr Asset
—DAVID GARRICK. Messrs. &Akers, Busketcoe.ClMpoendede,
tr, Mesdames Moors, flocrdoo, YamUllara.—VENCS
ADONLI. Was L. ILmloty.—And HIM WHITE.

PRINCE WS.

TM Snips', THE OLD STORY: Mr. Dominick Murray.
—TILK 00111 DY or 11.1i023. Mean. Vinirg, Nci•on, and
the Mothers Webb.—Aud BORN TO GOOD LUCK. Mr.
Dominick Murray.

TITEYLfOId, LABIUM TO Tint HUY.— DIMO-LEAR.
Matter Percy RasaEa and Mara CAL Caw and &att.—And
TyroParta of TER LEFT-HANDED MARRIAGR. Mn &Lane;
and THE GREAT GHOST 11111C1.—Commence at di.

KIM WAS= AT LONDON 112001.
rime Day wombs. 1011. das. ....41111.0111111. 1 th. 26m.
TO410111:110111... Yoruba, 111. 54a..... .....Wens Oh. Oh. Os.

LONDON, TUESDAY, MAY 17.

Toss Loan CHANCKLLOB has raised in a very
practical form the question whether people who
have no other source of income than their labour
ought to be encouraged to get into debt. The
clauses of his County Courts Acts Amendment
Bill which give those courts jurisdiction in equity,
which enable a defendant to remove into the
County Court any action for a small debt that
the plaintiff may be bringing against him in the
superior courts, and which abolish utterly the
right of action for debts incurred by drinking beer
on the premises, are universally approved of.
But the abolition of imprisonment for debts not
exceeding 201., although it has been received by
the public at large with applause as being the
most important and best part of the mea-
sure, is protested against in some quar-
ters with • warmth which is • little surprising.
We have practically got rid of imprisonment for
debt in the sphere of commerce, in which, if any-
where, it might be supposed necessary, as
the safeguard of credit, which is some-
times said to be the soul of trade.
Thus, those who import or manufacture goods,
and those who from their crowded warehouses
distribute them far and wide to the retailers,
can manage, it seems, to do without the
power of imprisoning their debtors ; but infinite
mischief, we are told, will follow if the small
trader is deprived of the power of locking no a
customer whom he has allowed to get into his
debt. That this opinion should be taken up by
the more timid of the class of shopkeepers is not
surprising, but it is also maintained by some to
whom we have been accustomed to look for sound
judgment on social and economical subjects. .11
It is said that if you abolish imprisonment for
debts under 201. the working man will not be
able to obtain credit. It may be so. But why
should we keep up our gaols to enable him to
get into debt? We know the use of credit in com-
merce. So useful, indeed, is credit, that the privation
of it which follows insolvency is the severest, as
it is also the most natural, punishment of a man
who has to live by buying and selling, and
whose advantage in those operations de-
pends on his standing well in the market.
It is for those who maintain the present
system to show that credit is also necessary to
persons who live by their labour ; and this we
believe will be found impossible. A weekly con-
temporary goes the length of maintaining that
whereas " a severe law of insolvency is of great
importance to all classes ; it is " of inestimable
" importance to the working classes," because
" among them there is little pecuniary morality,
" and no available public opinion to support it."
" Poor persons," we are told, " cannot be ex-
" petted to have a nice moral judgment ; their
" tone is low, and if we do not support their
" moral opinion by legal sanctions, it will die
" away." Without asking whether this repre-
sentation answers to the common experience of
our readers, and whether it is just to the labour-
ing classes generally, let us for the present assume
its truth, and ask how is this low tone to be raised,
this erring judgment corrected,!this weak moral
opinion to be reinforced t There are two ways of
setting about it. Society may decline to recognise
the practice of giving credit to persons who, living
by their labour, have ready money in their hands
every week, whoever else may go without, in which
case the trader who gives the working man credit must
do so relying on some other security than the powers
of the law. Or it may resolve to acknowledge the
legitimacy of credit in the dealings of the labour-
ing classes, and support it with its severest sanctions.
In the former case, if the trader gives credit, be
does so because he sees a natural security for the
payment of his debt in the character or position
of his debtor. He believes him to be able to
pay, and if not a person of moral principle, at least
one having some regard for his reputation. And since
credit will be refused where these securities are
wanting, the very fact of giving credit will signify
confidence, and honourably distinguish the person
trusted among his fellows. This is one way of
acting on the morality of a class, and it has the great
advantage of resulting simply from the operation
of a natural moral law. The other, with which we
are all familiar, rests on penalties. Now, although
it is necessary to enact penalties in order to uphold
the principles of social morality in our relation;
with one another, the State is by no means called
on to pass laws in order to bring into existence
relations such as that of debtor and creditor, which,
but for those laws, would not exist. Our prisons re-
ceive annually thousands of poor persons who ought
never to have stood in the position of debtors, per-
sons whom it was no kindness to trust, and who
never would have been trusted but for the law of
imprisonment for debt. It might have been sup-
posed that the last interest to be invoked in sup-
port of such a system would be the interest of
morality. We have met, however, in the columns
of a newspaper which inherits the high reputation
of the late Mr. .liato. WILSON, with an argument
professedly drawn from "dry political economy,"
which is even more surprising than the preceding.
We are told by the Economist that " credit gives the
" poor more comfort', induces them to consume
" articles in greater quantity and of a more costly
"sort, and in the long run and in general it there-
" fore compels them to work harder and produce
" more. The abolition of petty credit would be the
" abolition of one of the most diffused attractions
" to honourable labour." This argumentis very like
that by which Mr. M ‘C tJ Lima proves that the heavy

Nation of the productive climes is good per es.
It is, of course, very desirable it dm laboring
deems should be made to work header lad proem

more, and every time that you show a mini an ob-
ject of desire which is only to be obtained by exer-
tion and abstinence, you do something towards that
end. This is what would take place in the total
absence of credit. But we now read for the first
time that the way to get a man to exert himself is
to let him have possession of the object first on
credit, and then work out the debt. If our oon-
temporary will step in to the first manufactory he
pease', and ask the foreman to tell him why a man
working under such circumstances is said by his
mates to be on a " dead horse," he will hear
enough to induce him not to repeat his singular
theory. By all means let a working man have all
the credit which a tradesman will give him on the
security of his character and abßity. Credit given
on any other ground is a snare which we sincerely
trust Lord WiSTBCRY will speedily abolish.

Eft Court.

BALMORAL, IfAY 14.

The Queen, accompanied by the Primsem Helena and the
Prince sad Prisms. d Leieingen, arrived at Balescael at
bill-put three this day.
The Princess Louise, the Princes Beatrice, and Prince
Leopold, with tie Priem= Alberta of Leiningen and the
royal suite, arrived shortly after.
Lady Churchill, the Lady in Waiting, joined the royal
I train at Oxford.

The Prince and Prime= of Wales, attended by the Hoe.
Mrs. W. Grey and Major Teesdale, vest in the forenoon
yesterday to Mr. Holman Hunt's studio, in Hanover-street.
The Prince rode oe horseback, Weeded by Major Tees-
dale.

TM Pnoceee• of Wales took a carriage drive, attended by
the How Mn. W. Grey.
The Prince sod Princess of Wales, Abraded by Lord
Han* the Hon. W. and Mm. Grey, and Major Teesdale.
went in the evening to the concert given by the Philhar-
monic Society, at the Hanover-equare Rooms.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office
from the Governor of Canada, aed from the Lord High COM-
missiooof of the lonian Wanda.
Despatches were sent to the Governors of the Wert ladle
Islands, British Columba, and Bermuda.

Earl Russell, as Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs, has issued invitations for a grand entertainment
on Tuesday, the 24th init., in celebration of her Majesty's
birthday, to the whole of the foreign ambassadors and
ministers, together with some of the leading diplomatic ear-
vanta of the mown at present in England.

Earl De Grey and /Upon, the Secretary of State
ter War, will give a peed banquet to hie Royal liiiltmem
the Field-Ilaralial Comaradimpin-Chief, and a large party
of feeding aikido ecemacted with him department, on Tow
day mat, in honour ol she Queen's birthday, at hie private
midtown in Carlton-gardenia

The Duke of Somerset, the First Lord of the
Admiralty, will entertain • lane party of naval and civil
aims attached to hi department as Tuesday next, at his
offidal residence at the Admiralty, Whitehall.

The Duke of Marlborough bee left town to meet
hi yacht in the Southampton Water, in order to take a
cruise ia the Channel During his cruise his gram will
visit Cherbourg and other parts of the coast of France.

The Earl of Wilton left Grosvenor-square yester-
day for Badminton, on a wilt to the Doke and Duchess of
Beaufort daring the Bath race meeting.

The Earl of Coventry, Viacomlt Canterbury, the
Berl Ai meshy, Vincent Carson, Captean Hoe. Prederiek
Carson, Sir Joseph Hawley, Sir Henry Dee VOIILI, 00101411
Hon. James Macdonald, Colonel Hon. H. Forester, Captain
Leslie, Mr. C. Gremlbe, Mr. Payne, Mr. W. G. Craven, and
a large party have left town for the Bath noes, and will be
among the rune at Badminton.
Lord and Lady Dufferin have left the Palace
Hotel, Backingbam•gat., for Clandeboy, Ireland, for a few
days.

The Countess of Yarborough had her first "re-
ception• this 1111111011 at the family mansion in Arlington-
street last night. Previously to the arming party the Earl
and Germane of Yarborough entertained at dinner the Duke
of St. Albans, the Countess (Dowager) of Liatowel sad
Ladies Eleanor end Adele, Hare, Lord and Lady Rendles-
ham, Lord Chalks, ROIL Lady Film?, Lady Elizabeth
Berth, Captain Ewart, Captain Fraser, Mr. North, &o.

The marriage of lady Constance Villiers, eldest
daughter of the Earl sad Countess of Clarendon, with
Caplan' the Hoc. Frederick A. Stsaley (the Grenadier
Guards), youngest eon of the Earl sod Countess of Derby,
will take place on the 31st hat.

The marriage of Lord Frederick Cavendish,
seemed son of the Duke of Devonshire, and the Hon. Lacy
Lytteltoo, second daughter of Lord LOUlton, and Maid
of Honour to the Qum, is appointed to be solemnised on
the 7th of the ensuing month.
Elea MAJESTY'S ARRIVAL AT BALMOBAL,•-...a131*
Majesty reached Ferrybill Junction, Bear Aberdeen, at
15 minutes pest 12 o'clock at noon, being 5 minutes before
time. For the first tints sines her greet bereavement, the
Queen had given orders for the admen's* of the public to
the socket= where the train stops, and a large number of
spectators ansembied. There was so military °rattier guard
of honour. the ground being kept by the polio.. During
the time the train was 'topped, her Majesty showed at one
of the windows of her saloon, and received a hearty cheer
from the spectators, which was renewed on the train
moving off. Her Majesty graciously ackoewledged this
set of homage sad welcome by bowing repeatedly.
The weather being beautiful, the journey along Deride wee
very pleasant Flags waved at many places along the line.
and groups were assembled ; but the train did not stop until
Aboyne was necked, in little more than an hour after
leaving Ferrybill. At Alamos • large number of spectators
had smembled within and around the statics, who gave the
Queen a most respectful welcome. Carriages being in wait-
ing, the royal party almost immediately drove off ; and sitar
a stoppage cl a few minutes to change horses at Ballat•r,
made the journey to Behnoral in about two hurt, arriving
there about 4 o'clock. The country kilts fresh and green.
The cold winds have now gins piste to genial weather.
The stay of het Majesty, it is widendood, will extend over
four weeks ; and the court, it is expected, will return to
Balmoral in August, for a sojourn of about two months.
.lidisbero• Courant.

LORD' BROUGHAM AT THE FEINER INSTITUT&
At the lestitate at Paris, on Baturday, there we • very
full atteedanos of the members of the Academy of Moral
and Political Scieriesej areoupt whom were the Duke do
Broglie, Baron Dapin, MIL Duple Proctuenr-lroperial,
Mignet, Michelet, Thierry, Odiloe:Barrot. Jules Simon,
Michel Chevalier, and Wdowski. who cordially welcomed
the appearance of Load Brougham. His lordship attended
to introduce to the Academy the new corresponding
member, Mr. Elwin Chadwick, nominated in the place of
the late Dr. Whitely, archbishop of Dublin. After Lord
Brougham had made the cuitomary representation in • few
forcible sentences, M. Miguet read in French • paper by
Mr. Chadwick expounding the Orystem of " mixed mental
sad physical training, involved in the hull school-time
system." air practised chiefly in the district poor-law
schools of England. The paper was received in a very
cowlimentery manner.

UNIVEItaiI;Y OF LONDON. The Council have
given noire that the neat half.yearly examination of can.
didatss for matriculation in this university will commenoe
on Monday, the 27th of June. In addition to the metro-
politan examinatioa, provincial examination will be held
at St. Cutbbert's College, Craw ; Stonyhunt College,
Oweit's College, Manehaster ; Queen's College, Liverpool ;
and the Town-ball, Leda. Candidates who par the ma-
triculation starniaatiori are entitled to proceed to the &-
pre conferred by the university in arta, serer, sad
modicum, and are exempt from the entrance examination,
otherwise imposed on candidates for admission to the Royal
Military College at Sandhurst ; from dose examinations of
which every medical racket now commencing his proles-
dotal studies is required to have pared some one, front die
preliminary examiaatioa otherwise imposed by the
from
of Surgeons on candidates for its fellowship, sad front those
examinations of which it is neosseary for every person en-
tering upon articles of
te clerkshi to an attorney to have
=d some one, such as in the first divisor&
entitled to the additional exemption of one year's or-
rice. The metropolitan examicatioa will be couduatel by
the Rev. Dr. C. Bahian, of St. Peter's College, Oembridge
Dr. W. Smith, Mr. Isaac Todhnoter, of fit. John's College,
Cambridge ; Mr. J. G. Fit* M.A., or of Ur Majesty's
inspectors of schools, sad other gentleman.
A MEDICAL lILIVIIONART Palisrr.—The Rev. C.
A. Ramble, M.D., canted St. Mark's Church, Tollingtow
park. lalinglon, has bees appointed pllysisian sad m" •
to El nuns, Solid America, in ecanexksi with the Scat
Amorist Miesbary
of
reverend 'oedemas is
ber
• mem of the Royal of Physierns of Rondos. •
member of the Royal College Surgeons of &glued, and a
licentiate of tits Societe of Apothecaries.
The ceremony of turning the first sod of the
Worcester, Monmenth, end Forest of Dar Railway took
piece on Friday, the spot selected brag sear the Speech
Hoe" tithe fart

LA MELT LITELLIGENCE.
_A.--
SPEECH OF THE DUKE OF AIIOUSTEN•
BURG.
The Duke of Auguatenburg replied as follows to
the deputation who waited upon him with the reso-
lutions passed at the grand meeting at Rendebtug :
I thank you, gentlemen, for the expreeion of your 'esti-
meats of Atte:Amami to my person, and I rejoice in the
manly spirit width nmalleste itself in the resolutions of the
assembly of inhabitants of the Duchies. Fate deter-
mined that the eky Mould remain a eimpte spectator of
the esploile of others, even at the moment when its mid-
mos was at stake. for myself I have, more than all others,
been painfully affected at being placed in such a position ;
but I was bound to discharge that duty, which had berm
imposed upon me by the Mends of the country, sad I
know very well that I mould only have accepted it in the
ease of a population as loyal sad as persevering as
that of Slemig-Holatein. The old warriOn of the army of
1848, who are assembled mew under their flags at Rends- i
burg, are not only witnesses of the brave put, but they
are also emetics; that the country will not want defenders in
the moment of peril. Never will a King of Dims*
again reign over this country. I have a firm oonvietioa that
I can reckon upon all the strength of my people for the
attainment of the comma end, aid the country may rest
assured that I shall be happy to pledge my life for the
defame of its tights.

POLAND.

A letter from Cracow has the following :

The sadden arrival in this city of emit Ifeendorff
Poenlly has had the effect of imparting activity to the zeal
of the local authorities in their campaign against the Polish
element in ()alien. The last females arrested were the
Countess Marie Tareowska and the Counter ?Alma,
grand aims of Thaddeus Koeciasko. the mast illustrious
patriot of ancient Poland. The Goversor-Onemal de-
clares that he will adopt the snout severe men-
sans to make them confess their complicity with the Ns-
noes! Government. The men are not treated any better.
if. Bentkowski, the eminent deputy of the Berlin par-
' inmost, who has been detained for ten months in an un-
wholesome cell, without having undergone any isterrega
Moo, is dying of an affection of the langs. General Bros-
sewski, formerly in the Belgian service, bat since settled to
Galicia for several years, is also ill and deprived of any
assistance from his family. Lastly, General Count Joseph
?Alaska, a veteran of the first empire, has just been tom
from the works of art and history to which be was devoting
the remainder of his life. A companion of Napoleon
L, he was engaged in analysing and describing
with Went the wan and connate of which he
bad been a wine's. His intetrogatee, commenced oci the
27th alt. in the criminal prison of Pramard. The following
is an official report of the extraditions published by the
German journal of Cracow:-275 inhabitants of the king-
dom delivered up to the Russian authorities (the journal
takes ears to add that 46 were handed over by oonstraint) ;
369 expelled, probably to France ; 217 sent for Axed reel-
deem to Kontepgran In Bohemia, and 80, belonging to
different nations, sent to their respective countries. This
is the official return, bat it is very far from attaining the
real number, which we shall give when an opportunity pre.
Dente Unit.