The Express.
London, England, 1862-03-10 00:00:00

NEW AND CHEAP LIGHTS.

- -
In the early stages of a new invention, appliance,
r .hNeuvery, it is always easy to raise nervous
I..ubts about its safety, and b 7 so doing to put
into the pockets of opposition trading inte-
-t-. Steam, gas, and a hundred other active
ids that have incrusted our comfort and civili-

moo a limalredfokl, have had to fight their way
'rugh a long night of popular misgiving, and to
...Lr themselves from the character of being public
troyera. Mineral oil is the last gift which
•uses to us from the fruitful earth, and the public
and is now hardly in a condition to receive it

sithout fear and suspicion.
For some few years past a patent oil has been sold
usler the Hanle of paraffin, distilled by Mr. Young
mom what is popularly known as bughead coal.
oilier variations of this oil, distilled from peat,
.lute, and other substances, bare taken their places
in the market, but Mr. Young's product has kept
:ts ground as the best and cheapest light-giver
.Inbun.,-4 the purely mineral oils. Its credit
mad the credit of these oils generally) has been
lately shaken by several fatal accidents with paraffin
Wiles, the first of which occurred some little time
go in Marylebone, and the last during February in
ldingtou. A warm discumion has been raised at
mfervals in the daily newspapers with a view of
;roving with what -degree of safety this oil can be
ti.ea under certain conditions. The importance of
.ttling these questions can hardly be overrated.
I. f. ire, been sacrificed, and yet the demand for
. light is so wide-spread sod powerful that
y pour neighbourhoods as well supplied with
au oil-sellers as it is with bakers ; and thou-
f aorkpeople, such as seamstresses, tailors,
Heakeni, and use no other light. It has
t beaten the dearer candles out of the market ;
. ;es under the pristent apathy of landlords and
is 0 u.p.inies, is not, and never promisee to be,
luau r..ieh of the great bulk of the people.
The value of any purely scientific test to prove
the relative iullamniabehty of these oils must be
mord to what it teaches. No ordinary consumer
ain -ral an be expected to find out its " spe-
,me gravity," or to know what that gravity means
elan represented by figures. It is all very well to
tell the scieutitio world that oils much under .1100
refamedirectly if a lighted match is thrown into
mein ; whereas oils at about 815 to .82D cantiot be
lit um ere in this manlier. This may convey an
des to Dr. Noakes, or Professor Styles, P.N.S.,
but John Noakes and Ton Styles require more
information. It would be as absurd to ex-
pect a iss.r old needlewoinan, when purchasing bar
WI-pint .1 pamtlin, to ask if it was -820, as to
think that a government inspector—if such officers
were appututml—would prevent adulterations being
told a the genuine article. In this, as in all similar
,oes., the consumers must act and judge fur them-
selves, and the must their friends can do is to give
them d few plain rules for their guidance.
Mr. W. B. Tegetmeier, a gentleman whose
scieutitic attainments have never been allowed to
..vcrlsy hn taste fur what we may call domestic
economy, has fortunately devoted much attention
to this subject. He has examined every lamp ever
war in unaleru times, and analysed all the tumoral
~it lie could procure. The result of his investiga-
tions may be summed up iu a very few words. With
the west ordinary care there is no danger whatever
in the use of paraffin or mineral oil lamps. If it be
adi.d what is the "ordinary care" required to
moire absolute *duty, the answer may be stated in
the following rules ;
the lamps should be 511 ed by daylight ;
they should never he overfilled, as the
•:lould not come in contact with the metal-work

0,.. butler. Thirdly, auy portiou of oil spilled
.•.the outside of the lamp should be carefully
*11.4 away, and when the wick is nut iu use it
ruuld be eunstautly turued duwa into the wick-

The object of this first rule is evident. The fatal
arasleut at Marylebone arise from a lamp being
mtillesl withoil of a very low specific gravity—lilt
-at tight, when a lighted match dropped into the
interior caused thu caphasiou. The second ride
Asada be attended to, because from the heat given
tat by the combustion, a portion of the oil way be
t"lattlised if it is allowed to touch the burner. The
fair drule is not emeutial to the safety of these
keeps but it is desirable to bear it in mind, as
otherwise the oil becomes vtiatilised, and produces
a sickly smell.
The heavier oils are far lees inflammable than the
insre volatile oils, and as they contain a larger per-
tHttage of carbon, they produce far more light. The
te~tof iuttatemehihty is therefore the test of qua-
lity, and by a very simple process the most humble
Atsuuter can easily tell whether he has been served
•ith a good and wife, or a bad mid dangerous coin-
•ettentl. Let him pour a little of his oil Tutu a
-mall dime- plate, and if he cannot ignite its cur-
Lx with a piece of lighted japer, he may rest
assured that the oil is safe fur all practical pur-
pstes. If the oil ignite*, he may rest assured that
is highly dangerous, and on no accouut should
r. be used in the Lampe. Of course the heaviest
..:14 may be ignited in this manner if they hoculue
Crated by the light, but there can be no dangerous
ratifies iu them if they do not easily lire up ou the
?•tirfacc at the lint touch of the snatch.

At the present time, when a great boon is about
t, lw ainferreil uu the world by the easouvery of
springs in Canada and America, it is well that
L., ignorant outcry sliatild be raised against these
saueral producers of light. good vegetable oil,
ids au; cults, has been as high as five shillings a
illon retail, and even now it cannot be
btaiusd fur less than four shillings a gallon.

l'araftiu him been as high as four rlulliligs
• r four shillings and sixpence a gallon iu some
eighbouris..AlA, and now it fetches three
ante. Thu petroleum or ruck oil, found in
ri tueca, five thousantl barrels of which have
,en lately delivered in the Victoria-docks„ has
.en sold at the wells for about one shilling • barrel
.4 thirty-six gallons ; and instances are recorded
slsve large quantities have bern sold at far lower I
ilicee. It runiaius to be seen how much
distlllu-
ti•.e, carriage, mid trading profits will add to this
-1 ; but any way this oil will prove a powerful
...tupetitor against the unumfactured wain. The
..eners of the English patents seem to bit aware of
lure, fur they have commenced a suit in Chancery
; preveut their title being applied to the American
...Welkin. The public can :Word to do without
the name of landau, as ruck oil is at far better title
f-r general prouuumatiou. The eth.vt of these Wl-
:•ortattoo4 sill be to reduce the price of all the old
•-ls. mild a Mich lower level is arrived at. lu
%•;.etwa inure than half the work has been done by
where the coal oil has been slowly dietilling
: ~enersitiow: before paraffin patents were
' ..f. Thou rock oil can hardly be regard:al
• v n. w product, even iu commerce, as it was lung ago
• .1!' Au., noel soh! by the native Indian/sae "bents=
Tue richest sering iu Peuusylvauis was
its 18:00, sauce which Uwe tal works have
with tnoeu than coluitial rapidity. Thu yield
,e.littlited, and the prvapect of other wells of
s I li4ht, in other parts of the world is regardwi
.ertmuty. T'ie following are the latest pax-
1. Wren In the journals :
eel eel Pesesylvanis is rapidly becoming one of
etc...ivy of our ioduetry end wealth. It is
' three yours old. and *TOM ilea it bide fee to rival
ol trete Tut following stalsoinit of the ship-
' ....I, ritindrlf.h. and Erie Matinee' aloes will
r.er;orative aka .4 the Increase of this trade: is
" tr.earrels; bfirritlij is Isla, 131.97
mols f r tl.. ale. ,sostb of berS2 the total dug-
' ••• or this toe! Lave ..O§ .stunted at 30,01il benin.
• zeao the 6.11.1:,.• eel the laerVel•O us the. railroad by
• A Ow( .c 'how. but little morn than one
•4 the hums,. avtoally *lose. Large Eitutntottee id
E weirs taken to Pittsburg by way of the Alleghany
sail threw' to Plididelphat by the l'enusylvaids
sal. The tile Esteusion teal caviled Isrge
1.,1101 its way to tlor Eastern msrlet by
die eat the rulloole in north-western l'eurwilvania.
ve Red &whore, that the wells ou thl er.sk
bart.l..4 rude oil per mouth. which would he
•111 pin amens, What the yield the whole oil regime in
will le .fanny the Precut year canuot be de&
...whams', hut it must neigh very oseaidenibly over
..os hared. .4 ..rwle ..l. for sew wells are wislassally
opeited, awl the trade is making the most sidoeialtiag
art presiiiee greater wooden Mhfl. It Ms as
el is this unistry or in the tread. siege the Gallen
p.bllover,which it rivals is epee/sties sad nallkw.
:. The crude oil. it im Gael, involute as samosa
lodsla per hared in purchaelog barrels, traeoperta-
reesieg. he,, so that the actual expenditure en
•',UUU at Imwele would Iw ltkillAklAnt dolt. per seem.

The region of emintry in which such immense wealth is now
being developed was, before the excitement caused by
sinking oil, comparatively thinly populated, and much
of it a wilderness, but now it is becoming thickly settled,
and new towus see spcingiog up, and old ones growing into
greater proportions. This will make that section one of
the most dourishing in the commonwealth, while all the
oil seeking an Eastern market and an outlet for Europe
must greatly benefit and inurese the trade of Philadelphia,
the emporium of the Stabs.

These mineral oils all belong to one family, and
the precautions necessary to test and burn one with
safety are necessary with aIL A good burning oil
should have all the lighter and more inflammable
liquids removed by distillation, and while it should
be sufficiently limpid and volatile to ascend the
wick to the flame, It should not be so inflammable
as to burn like camphine or spirits of wine, without
a wick. If the new rock oil fulfils these conditions,
the nights of dear domestic lights are surely
numbered.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
(THIS DAY.)

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Before Mr. Commieslow, (Wilburn.)
Is Ilr WI Wl= NAL

The bankrupt was described as a retired captain brevet-
major, of the late Hon. L' et ladle Company's service, and
of Eitton•treet, Regent's-park, now a prisoner for debt in
Whitecrom•streM Prison. This was an adjourned appli.
entice for release from custody. It appeared that the
loakrupt had obtained hi coder of discharge upwards of a
month, but his mime had not bees granted at the same
time, so es to give creditors the opportunity of apponling.
Mr. Boiler opposed on behalf of the Laricaelsire Insurance
Company. The circumstances of the case were very peculi•r.
The Iwnkrupt bad assigned hie pension of 1911. as security
of a loan for I,tiottf. from the insurance company, but on
their applying at the Indian office they ascertained that
the warrant had been revoked by a subsequent
instrument. They were compelled to resort to a court of
equity, and obtained an order oo the bankrupt directing
him to execute a new warrant. This be still refused to do.

Mr. Holt appeared for the bankrupt, and rod he had ad.
Timed biro to comply with the order of the °mut.
His Honour laid he certainly should not grant the Mere
until the bankrupt bad done ao. He could not do bother
than comply with the advice that had been given him.
The bankrupt left the court proteatiog that he would
die io prima sooner than submit to the order of the court
of equity.

THE POLICE COURTS.
(THIS DAT.)

CAPTVU OP A NOTO;100/1 11008B281.•- US a GRAT'S•INN.
John Brown a bookbinder, el Oberherehrest, Bobo.
square, was charged, before Xr. Parka; wH bens • sus-
pected persoo, found in the chamber* of Yr. J. Statile,
solicitor, of 3, South-square, Grav'edas. and bril*is pos.
session of twenty-coos skeleton keys, ow cold Wed, and
one picklock, supposed for the perpose of committing felony.
The prisoner, who is suspected of having committed erre.
rid robberies in the above ion, was wen on Saturday night
so the stairs of No. 3. Soutlrequsre, attempting to force the
lock of Mr. Besttie's chambers. Police-constable Ball, 114 E,
on searching the prisoner found on him ?2 skeleton keys, a
chisel, five other keys, and a picklock. The prisoner then
used he wsa guilty, and he supposed he should be tram.
ported for life. The chisel found on the prisoner fits the
'lark' made oa other chambers in the same ten which have
beta broken open, and it we. stated that if • remand wee
greeted other charges would be preferred against him.
Polioi.ooestahle Hall, R 4 E, said the prisoner had been
sentenced to penal servitude and to other terms of im-
prisonment for • similar offence.
The prisoner, who is • respectably.•ttired man, with au
lawman cape and a moustache, said he should reserve his
defence for the present. Would the magistrate settle the
matter at owe. . .

Narks, remanded the primer until to-niotrow week,
and relumed bail

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
A_CAME TOY Ttli lIRAZILLLN MINISTRY,

Ca IN inaß,;;;,loyears---ofage, a Mitireaßio Janeiro,
mos brought before Mr. Tyrwhitt. charged by Dickens, of
the 0 divisios, with anooyinggentlemen in Regent-street.
The coruitable mid Use proooar, whom he knew as an
msfortunate, was annoying gentlemen, and he took her into
custody.
Mr. Albert, the interpreter at the court, said the young
woman could not speak a word of English, but she wanted
to my something to his worship.
The young woman, through Mr. Albert, then said alto
was a satire of Rao Janeiro, and went from that place to
France, from whence she was brought by a Madams C--,
of George-street, Portman-emare, who took all the mosey
she earned by a life of prostitution. She was sincerely tired
of such an infamous life, and wished his worship to exist is
delivering her from a carver of iniquity and misery. Her
friends were in a good condition, and she wanted toga bask
to them.

Tyrwhitt said in•iniriee should be made at the Brazi-
lian Eruhing, 7, Cavendish-square, to see what mold be
Jove fur her. _

Hr. Albert said be would take any trouble and go any
with kw, so as to get her home again.
Mr. Tyrwhitt said he should discharge her, but she could
wait and was what could be done.

WARD OT CANTLE BAYNARD.—TIE ALDERMANIC 111
Goses—There Is every likelihood that the contest in the
ward of Castle Berard for the election of an alderman in 2
the room of Sir Hoary Muggeridge will be a severe one.
The two modidatio who have addressed the electors,
namely, Mr. Sheriff Coekerell, and Mr. Sills John Gibbons, I
are both well supported, and equally determined to contest '
the ward, which, however, consista of but a comparatively
small number of freemen electors. It is expected that be-
mediately after the Court of Aldermen, which will be
held to morrow, and at which Sir Henry's resignation will
be officially declared, the Lord Mayor will issue his pre-
cept for the election of his awesome.
E iltte CLOSINU AT THE Ware END.—On Friday
ermine., a numerously attended meeting of young men con-
nected with the leading retail yetabludoneets is the western
part of the metropilis, was held in the lecture ball of the
Weston,' branch of the Young Mon's Christian Aisoeiation,
Great Marlborough-street. The eroceedinga commenced I
with tea, after which, the chair having born taken by Mr. 1
William Locke, of Regeet.street, that gentleman addiesmil
the meeting, expressing the pleasure which he felt in being
with them on the present OCCWI4IIII. Ileferring to the Satur-
day half-holiday at the West-cud he remarked that the
woollen-drapers had kept to their hour of closing on that
I day. namely three o'clock. and that other traded, more
especially the drapers awl silk mercers, had generally kept 1
to their respective arraugemente, though he bad to rt
that in some instances employers had not stood their
ground . however, the frictels ..f the inurement should out
be discouraged, but labour nit and bogs for the beet. (Ap- I
Sense.) A number of a Idressea were delivered, and it was
stated. in mho coarse of the ilisenoion, that one of the lead-
lag houses neer the West-curl aas closing earlier iu the pre-
eant month than in any previima March, and that one large
establishment in the Falgware-rowl district was also likely,
at no distant period, to make a considerable advance.
DiscrnUrrios or PELYN MANE SY FIR.—
l'elyu Ileum, the seatof N. Kendall, Esq., M.P., which is
about oue mile distant from Lietwithiel, was totally de-
strovcal by fire on Thursday night. Theeoetlagrationori,,watud
in one of the upsteirsapartnients,but the cause ma yet un-
known. The library, valuable painting., and furniture were
fortunately saved, but the mansion itself was completely
gntteaL Thelma is estimated at between 5,01.101. and IMF W.
Kr Colman Rashleigh and lila family were residing there at
the time. Mr. Kendall, who was in London, attending to
his parliamentary duties wan immediately telegraphed for.
AvraluerioN or Nt,te... or PTELIC TH./ROL/ON-
',ARM —Tb• Metmpolitan Board of Works have now be-
fore them applhations for the alteration of the names of
upwards of .1,100 streets, nods, terraces, plates Ac., in the
metropolis, an-I on Friday the board decided upon the foi-
lsman; alterations Pr made : —" Fulham-road:" the whole
lies of the piddle thoroughfare from the Bell nut Horns
public-boom, Itromptou-nod. to Stamford-bridge, to be so
called, awl the rillll.ll of 21 eulridiary places abolished.
"Gray's-inn-lane" end •• ay'ainn-rieul theapplieatioa
to same the whole line of thoroughfare from Holborn to
King's-woe Gray's-inn-road could not be complied with,
as there are no thoroughfares of the same name but the
boor.' hare 0n1er..,1 the name, of Lt auhaidiary latices to be
abolished, and the whole hue of thoroughfare to he called
I:ray's inn-lane and Grav's•soirroad. `• .111. my-road,"
well the able line Of ti.olllllolfitre to be so
("Belk and the names of 14 aiihsidiary plena abolished. la
the above and numerous other instances the houses are
ordered to be numbered alternately, the odd numbers to be
oe remade, the even on the other.
SU.O.E,NION or MEMICat. QUM, AND DIDINDION,
or Levies —A large meeting of the creditors of Mama.
Quinn and Ihunisou. woollen maindieterore, Albion-street,
was held at noon on Saturday. at the White Horse Hotel,
TAu statement prepared by Mr. S. Hunk the accountant,
showed that the liabilities WCTO gri,457. Oa. fid.,and
the avail-
able wets 24.54:1/. IS. dd. (equal to a ;Readmit of lea. Iwl. in
the pound), the deteiencv being 1,91:V. lle. After a full
investigatioe into the affairs of the Ann, the creditors re-
solved to yawl up the estate under the private arrangement
clauses of the Bankruptcy AR—Lacs M. •ea ry.
A CANDIDATE FOR UoNOVlLX—Oroulliy.tteklia, a
Mohawk !alien, 21 years of age. sailed on Katur.lav, the
15th of February, in the steamship City of New York, for
Liverpool. as his way to Oxford. Smears', to finish his edn.
adios. Oeonhyateklia is from the Reservation of the Six
Mathias mar Beantford, epos the Grand River. Canada
West. Fatten yews pest he has lawn a member of Kenyon
Craw. dim mild epee the kw visit of the Prim, of
Wahl the se* piety home mesh interested in him. He
ter new was eel raw the sespices of Hem/ Is Adana,
M.D.. Lim lais_ phyelskut to the royal party, sail thee
and mew Des Prolesear of Medicine in Oxford Univer-
sity. Oa @Meal at Oxford be will enter immediately
apes kis steles.—lice Trek Tribitae.