The Express.
London, England, 1852-07-27 00:00:00

TO t OIL It 168PON DINTS.

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1110 R WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE
Tsai Dat—Sasslay Mk. 27m. —.Alberaim. Ilk. 3s.
Timissainr—norwag. Ilk. 41 a. ........aftmess. Os.

LONDON, TUESDAY. JULY 27.

At,TRALIA has decidedly risen in the emigration
market since the discovery of its gold fields. Look-
in back on the emigration records of former years,
it is clear that all the exertions of enthusiastic colo-
niser, to turn upon Australian shores • modicum of
the stream of emigration flowing perennially from ,
this country to America had been a comparative
failure. Australia was distant—to emigrate thither
appeared a step that could not be retracted—in short,
the sum total of emigration to the southern colonies
bore a small proportion to the sum total of emigra-
tion to the United States and the Canadas. But the
tales of " the digging." have set all the world agog ;
and there is now such a squeezing and jostling to
Set off to that El Dorado that the emigrants dis-
comforts begin before they quit their native shores.
Now we have no wish whatever to damp this spirit
of enterprise. In Australia there is more elbow mom
than in this our crowded old country.; men can get
on there with less of capital, with less of toil and
heart-sickening hope-delay; we said so before the gold-
fields were discovered, and we say so still. But we
would fain whisper in the ears of sanguine adven-
turers, that their prospects of attaining with compa-
rative ease in that remote region, to independence
and attluenec, aro not materially increased by the
discos cry of gold deposits there;_ and that they bud
better nut make, as poor DICK WIIITTINGWN did,
the gold too prominent and exclusive an object of
their calculations for the future.
Gold is doubtless a very pretty. commodity. And
in a country where there is abundance of other ele-
ments of wealth to bo hail in exchange for it,
pockets full of gold aro not to be despised. Bat
they who set their hearts on gold, and gold alone, if
placed in a position to acquire and store up as much
of it as their hearts can desire, are extremely liable
to realise the fable of Mthss—to starve among their
stores of gold; and to deserve the ass's ears which
sprouted out on the head of that sapient monarch
whom the gods cursed by granting his prayer, that
everything he touched might be turned to that pre-
'dons metal. . _

The mania will in time cure itself, but at present
the discovery of the gold-fields has set the wits
of all Australia a woolgathering—in a much

less profitable sense than they were before
it was made. Some few years back the Aus-
tralians were rich in herds and flocks, with
unlimited range of pasture whereon new stock.
masters might rear as mans- sheep and cattle as they
pleased. Wool, tallow, hides, and so forth, were
produced in abundance to export in exchange for the
necessaries, comforts, and luxuries which the manu-
factures of the mother country produce. Food was
cheap and amply supplied ; wages were high; the
small capitalist found easily a profitable investment ;
the penniless labourer soon earned enough to convert
him into a small capitalist ; the last relics of the
state of society produced by convict transportation
were disappearing; Australia was as comfortable a
harbour of refuge as the pour man could desire.
But since the gold fever has broken out, the
ploughman has left his plough in the furrow, the
herdsman has left his master's cattle and sheep un-
tended, the clerk has fled from his ledger with
entries half-made, all settled industry is paralysed
and disturbed, men of all classes are scraping for
gold with pickaxe and shovel, exposing themselves
to unwonted privations, now accumulating sudden
wealth, now toiliug laboriously for nothing. No-
madic hordes of gamblers are setting all their pros-
pects in life upon a chance in the gold regions. The
confluence of the worst members of society, the
rude, grasping habits acquired even by those of
better dispoaitions, and the absence of a sufficient
police, are rendering the Australian El Dorado any
thing but a safe or comfortable residence for respect-
able members of society.
We repeat that we insist upon these facts not to de-
ter intending emigrants from proceeding to Australia.
This social disarrangement can only be temporary,
and they who arc forewarned of it may turn it to
profitable account. Owing to the seductions of the
mining districts, the demand for labourers and
clerks has become greater than ever in the more
settled districts of Australia, and the remuneration
for steady industry has proportionately aug-
mented. We would have emigrants keep this in
view, and arrange their plans rather with a view
to fill up the vacuum left by the gold-hunters,
than to stake everything upon the chance
of their being able topkidl as
i 'Fadden wealth in •• the
diggings." Fortunes • y made are apt to be
rapidly spent. Extraordinary luck is the lot in this
world only of the few. The wealth that Is acquired
more slowly by steady industry is more lasting, for
the habits contracted in acquiring it enable men to
retain and use it more wisely.
There is a story we have somewhere read of a
party of adventurers who were lured from Spain to
the New World, when the tales of Comes and
PIZARRO made it as attractive to Castilians as Cali-
fornia and Australia are sow to the Anglo-Norman
race. As soon as they lavied all set elf
ulterld•
regimes with the ezeoptiss of sae, who, by
the ism mad gibes 41 lb Mows, sooOt out a piss,
of feet& gramd our the mot, and set to work to
tall it, aslao nfight have dons an the plains of Estre-
'lsadore. The gold-seekers penetrated into the
Interior, and afteraolonged absence returned
with rich store of gold, but worn and emaciated
an with privations desperately hungry. Their
obi (mend refused to impart of the produce of
his farm except in return for their gold, and
the prices he fixed upon his corn, flesh and wine
were exorbitant; bat they wars starving, no other
dealer in these ootninoditiss was nigh, and their
pockets were soon emptied. We pus over details. The
prudent tiller of the soil explained to his angry friends
that his sole object had been to secure them from
perishing with all their wealth, and teach them prac-
stalrtli the true use and value of gold. They then
their acquisitioss in brotherly fashion, and
returned all of them wealthy men to their native
Spain.
The moral of this story is one that our numerous
Australian emigrants would do well to lay to heart.

To those who regard the proapeets of English
agriculture as gloomy, because the prios of wheat is
low, we say—Look around. Where are the girl-
demean of &limit where are there any farmers
giving op their Arras, except such as had long been
notsikimgy impel& et managing them with advert-
bp was ts themeless ? The occupiers of land
who bed little capital in proportion to the extent of
their arms doubtless will be unable to go on with
puma prism more especially as such farmers ever
pissed an =dee Mimes ss their wheat amps for
carrying as their Wiesen. and the pries of whist is
now relatively lowerthotanynthsr sort etegeieeleerel
c=malle. egele. piegipse at georehMee
w low been delnisil
_e
to pay rent fry had et which theirs by
stocking it with wild missals hays repadured the
profitable cultivation ispeeible—will see dinky that
22...wintimiL lease havesapital will do ea ken
whlls saw% *been assay, perhaps, originally
broadest, have boos imeased in feeding pare
that their landlords night have a few battues yearly,
will Ow up fusenecessity. And other peculiar and
apseW mess amt be suggested. But what is this
exalt fist way of the weak pert, of a
=el: will As inevitable wa
Men mad it
aalzardy cheag
atats al
thirrateisei
the sanaby the pot Mllllll of the
@oilskin& samaramity ra Armes and active;
sedhilog deebtleee many attais dillsolties incident
to a period of transition, bat meeting all difficulties
by saw efforts and increased energy.
'rim it is that there are many large estates in
this serif y on which, as on the Duke of Nu/-
cur/LEV estate, the tenants " are content to vege-
tate en the land and really to do nothing more;"
but in every instance of the sort, if tho causes which
produced so disastrous a state of things be investi-

gated, it will be found to have been brought about
by the mismanagement of the propriet or the
fettered condition of their property from debts, in-
cumbrances, and entails. The tenants, let them he
ever so poor and unimproving, are comparatively
little to blame. Wherever the tesentAkrussnof Enw•
land receive fair treutment, and are enabled to make
rational and secure contracts for their farms, there is
no lack of enterprise. Nor is any owner of land
who will deal honestly and reasonably with his
tenant., at any loss to obtain occupiers of his farms,
willing and capable of farming them with profit to
themselves and advantage to the proprietors. But
four-fifths of the farms in England are, in their pre-
sent state, utterly unfit for the occupation of energe-
tic agricultural capitalists, unless they could take
them for long terms of years, and at low rents, so as
to justify considerable outlays in the permanent im-
provements which the landlords ought themselves to',
make. Yet the landlords refuse to grant such Wises,'
and have no means of their own to make the necessary
improvements' consequently, • large portion of our
agricultural land remains a national reproach. The
only effective remedy would bo • stringent measure
fur the relief of encumbered estates. And though
these things arc well known to the more intelligent
classes of landlonls and tenants, the majority of both
resort to all kinds of mystification and hypothesis to
account for their unprosperous condition, rather than
to a frank and full examination of how far their
want of prosperity is due to their own neglects and
errors.
_ .

A stranger to the history of British agriculture
during the last thirty years would be sorely
puzzled amidst the mazes of conflicting statements
and anomalous facts to understand what is the actual
condition, or what are the future prospeefii, of the Fair
fish farmer. For instance, when conversing, some time
ago, with an intelligent farmer on existing low priors
and the way in which the difficulties thereby imposed
on farmers are to be overcome, we received the fresh
admission that no general or permanent reduction of
rents was to be expected, for, he said, " there are
plenty of people ready to take farms I know a farm
now to be let, which is in good condition, and for
which there are fifty applicants." Five minutes
afterwards a gentleman came up who is a landowner
and occupier himself, and nearly related to many
possessors of very extensive estates, and he too en-
tered at once upon the subject, on which, whenever
two or three are gathered together in the rural
districts, they invariably converse, —agricultural
prices. His view was a gloomy one; he saw no hope
for the farmer, and regarded the landlord's prospect
as being not much brighter. "See,' said lie, " there
are excellent farms of A—'s to let, which have been
repeatedly advertised, and nobody offers even to
treat for their occupation." This gentleman had
just come from the property he referred to, and was
loaded with the trophies of-sylvan sport in the formof
large bundles of pheasants, hares, and other game.
We pointed to the heap of game—of which he ad-
mitted a greet deal had been killed on the estate in
question—reminded him that there are extensive
woods on the estates, that the game was rigidly pro-
served and very abundant, and stated that farmers
objected strongly to embark their capital on
a game-preserved farm. With a look of
astonishment he replied, " Why these farms
are a long way from the woods, and
there are no rabbits preserved on the farms; no one
has ever objected to the farms on account of the
game; 'tis the low price at which agricultural pro-
duce sells that must ruin both tenant and landlord.
Yet we knew, and then stated, facts and circum-
stances which proved that tho game and other land-
lord•created burdens prevented the letting the farms
in question. Here, then, in the same district, are
two diametrically opposite views, both founded upon
facts, and both deductions more or less true from the
special facts of each case; and yet the general con-
clusions to be drawn from them, as to the actual
state of English agriculture, cannot be reconciled.
According to the one view, there is an active demand
for agricultural land ; according to the other, there
arc excellent farms in the same district to be let at
moderate rents, which are pressingly offered to the
public without meeting with occupiers. How is
this diversity, this apparent anomaly, to be ex-
plained ?
The explanation is simple enough. In the one
case, the farm was to bo let free from that
sort of semi-feudal control the majority of our larger
proprietors of land have hitherto been so fond
of exercising over their tenants, and then there
is found to be an active competition and most effective
demand for the farm; in the other case—although
one of the farms, as we happen to know, consists of
very good land, has a most convenient homestead,
and might form a capital occupation—the landlord
has had it in hand for upwards of two years, and,
notwithstanding he demands only a moderate rent,
has been unable to procure a tenant, because he pre-
serves game imply, and the freedom and comfort of
a tenant would Imo interfered with by keepers and
game watchers prowling in all seasons and at all
hone over his land; while his profit must be pre-
carious where swarms of wild animals (over which he
is permitted no control) are battening on the produce
raised by his own capital and industry. Moreover,
the landlord has the reputation of interfering with
his tenants, and seeking to dictate to them this or
that mode of managing their firma The result is
he has an excellent farm for which he can procure
no tenants.
And such obstacle' to agricultural mass are far
more prevalent than most people are aware at Even
the landowners who are themselves suffering from
their own mismanagement, do not 'vs their
error. They have been so accostomed to consider
the reservation and exercise of certain seignorial
rights as part and parcel of their property, that they
cannot or will not perceive that it is their own ad-
herence to the habits of a Footage which prevents their
property finding its value in the market. Hitherto
farmers relying on the Corn-laws, and the muds of
artificially enhanced prime those laws promised, have
reluctantly submitted to game reservation' and the
like, believing that with a moderate rata of
they may pay their way. Now, however, tge4dll
be-
gin to understand, that with low pries" they most
compel the land to yield its utmost fruits; they re-
quire for their live stock all the green mops their
best exertion of skill and enterprise can grow, and
they need every sheaf of corn the land as be ns&
to bear to enable them to make both soda meet; and
with theme requirements the quad Lail assuagement
of many, perhaps of most, of the larger proprietors,
serioualy interferes.

-- ---
ATTEMPTED FILIMUCIDS ADD SUPPOSED BUICIDL
—Between 1 and 2 ends* es Awnibey ansits the iambi,
tante of the selebbesebeed of the y. ~..d, Oar
benne, Wen lesessi hen Sisk Issas forked amid abersing
orbs of Muer," eilish WINO heed tokens hest • bees.
is Mayer Isallhees. Tbesseseenet. Mtls afterwards a
ma, shiest is • stale el (beim *hest shoes sr
awakes, asd eedy wedeln • seise hem the hum
lead ran rapidly teemed. the okssly 110,
lowed by soar el ha esighbikes see pike. wheel, hew.
.ter, be saordeded is drew. tips ha penes ea=ver
tin bones they dimmed eyeeekg nes
aced 21, lyiag apes the deli of berg..,ritetl
ieseseibie, sad sensusdod by • peg of
hes Sewing meanly has bill Ilia S. Ikwer,
mesas to Ifts P hello ei psis% was imeehatsky seat
kw, sad be dkereersil that the kft ear was essely seessed
has the bead, sad that there was • wand
on the soup Or head, by which Sri of skill
was laid dissallstaly here, sad enema lisedkesessie
TM silk weird, idea, bet reldsetly bass
!deleted with name them plied eseresesse, sea as a
eke hail% was se less basks b bisetb.
few sea reekke_ vie **her
prs se*ros, sad
a few days /see a brelber, SAW Liialf wed
only 19, inted has Asbert Tows, etas be hid bees
seat abort II maths ekes as a pews sodessat. Os
bedssr.= Whoa 19 edgily ais letter sp.
Stem ce Wessels ; • violent
sad Sieber& ikely thawing a half@ ie.
=err the above dessibed .ad haseedieely fed.
Troia ialleonstion given to the be wee seen on the
blabs of Surrey Cunt, sal tea all holler trees be-
I leg lid be Is supposed to be,. assuelesil oiliert bet not-
witheessiise the wader erdb=poi In several beers, his
hod_p hes sot yet bees
MURDEROUS ASSAULT UPON A Winn.—A brutal
rusk was essessitted et hairy sight lest Is hat wretched
Gewp-street, elks's. Tim
Wan 'bagelObseshinst,vith the aeon b limiter ad Piney,
who resided Wwife soil ISMS dill= id Neu 2,
fliurcb.lane, as/ eke is rejnesestail alike suss of very
(makes and turreissere waft as eimitey be bed bees
est drinking all the eflessese. Nil is ~him lame at
halt pert eleven, he oesueesed abaft his 'der, who i•
about 37 yeas. of age. Mar giving Sew • severe beads(
with his 1.5, be knocked bee dews eel kicked her with
Ibis Wavy boss sate she berme issessible. The messes
of the Asides at last bees& Is the asiebbsurs awe the
'pollee. The peer wooer was earsise es • iftesteber=
feisty bleed*, to the lialvereity Calker
it was found that her Wasik were of • I=satase,
sad were megrevetod by bee peselkr bee
bona appisbendod, &IA the Wiens hen bees bermes Se
workhouse, for the ass lee ammed a Impales droaslor.