The Express.
London, England, 1852-05-15 00:00:00

-.

slant to a it TPA 1, 1851, and contains a de-
mos of the dievalisqg that the Mutation
Miss pled Ilyszeth4sts, for the pupae, of
this =oft lUD be deemed to be authen-
tic he gm years ham 1, 1862. From them
tablas II that the Islal population of the 86
dspas arrondiumermts, 2,647 cantons, and
26,63/4 iota vibe Prance is divided, eon-
d anis. lids is the eighth census
Slat has ban tam Awes since the commence-
mint it illalsaatury. MOW was taken in 1846,
aim whisk time the is is the population is
only 381,142, or about 128 pr MIL Sarthe whole
of five years, and tat m maw Ibis 0.21 per
Gent. pre minim. This is the beet inISMS9 shown
in any census taken during the ossibigr. M. de
Persigny in his report accounts far lidadimmution
in the progress of population by olietaki that mar-
riages have sensibly diminished since I owing to
distress and political agitation. A large proportion
of deaths are attributed to the cholera. But the
number of births in proportion to deaths is not small
enough to explain entirely the state of the returns,
which have been much affected by emigration.
By the monthly return of the Bank of France,
published this day, it appears that the metallic re-
serve has declined 3* millions. The discount accom-
modation has increased 10i millions, about 2jerlir
lions being for Paris, and 8 millions for the
meats, the amount of the former being 47,1138,0 61k.,
and of the latter 82,173,1388 fr. The edema*
on public securities has declined nearly 24 millitimeo,
there being a decrease in Paris of about 25 millions,
and an increase in the branch banks of 1 million, the
amount of the former being 64,840,238 fr. ; and
of the latter, 5,504,673 fr. Advances on railway stock
have increased from 4,542,700(r. to 8,734,433 fr.
On the side of the liabilities the notes in circulation
ha

Ave increased about 31 millions. 'the ezedit-ac-
oount of the Treasury shows an increase of 4j mil-
lions, the present amount being 67,693,7181 i. Pri-
vate accounts current have declined 33 millions in
Paris, and increased nearly six millions in the de-
partments, the amount of the former being
140,036,6231 r., and of the latter 31,964,t132fr. The
whole amount of the metallic reserve is at present
1107 t millions, to 660 millions of notes in eirculatisa,
At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. sae
Is,, closing at 99.95; the Threes fell 23, and closed,
at 70.20. The Four-and-a-Half-per Cents. were l3e.
higher for cash than tor the account. Railways con-
tinue heavy, with the exception of a few lines. St.
Ocrmain rose 815 ; Orleans and Central, 2.30 sea
Tone and Bordeaux, 3.73; Northern and Lyons Mt
3-73 each; Havre and Strasbourg, 2.30 each; Tours
and Nantes, 1.25.

ITALY.
TUSCANY.

FLORENCE, MAT 7.
The Mumiteur publishes the text of tho Grand
Ducal decree, which is us fellows :
- -

Ws, Lsoptild 11., by the grace of God an Imperial
Prince of Austria, ate., &c.,—When, amidst the catraordi-
crests whisk took place within and without Italy, we de-
cided to grant to one dam Tuscany non liberal political
institutions, by prosaillgatang on February 15, 1848, the
. .

. _
fundamental statute, we had no other desire than to pre-
serve the country from the commotion with which it wu
threatened, to put our government in harmony with thus
which were being established in other neighbouring etata,
and t• contribute, by this new system, to the greeter pros.
parity of our well-beloved subjects. But the effect has
not "layered our common desires. The good that
was hoped for wu not realised. The evil that
was apprehended did not vanish, end our authority, from
the first, disregarded, was compelled to give way to the
violence of a revolution which destroyed the statute, sad
. . . .

plunged Tuscany into the meat deplorable calamities. Le-,
&mate government being shortly afterwards re-established
by the courage of those Tuscans who remained faithful to
as, we, thanking Providence who had thus mamusii the
bitterness of our exile, accepted this generous feet, rwarving
to outselves, notwithstanding our lamentable esperienee, to

reintablish the order of things founded by us in 1848, but
in such a manner u not to fear repetitions of past disorders.
However, to defeat the menaces of factious men, discon-
certed but not destroyed by the happy event of April 12,
1849, it became summary to samara the tranquility
of the state by extraordinary means, and afterwards
to proceed in :a prompt and efficacious manner
to the better administration of the country. We were

obliged to resumes discretionary power so long u the gene-
ral sitaation of Europe and the state of Tuscany and Italy
would not permit us to !Unseal tho system of representative
government. Grave events succeeded each other in Europe.
Society, sometimes more, sometimes less, threatened iu its
bases, sought sad still seeks its safety in the principle of
a strong and unfettered authority. And inasmuch as already
th rc rerniin scarcely any traces of representative govern-
ment in any part of Italy, we an persuaded that the ma-
jority of Tuscans, preserving the remembrance of the repose
and prosperity which they so beg enjoyed, and instructed
by bitter experience, feels the need of hoping for the deve-
lopment of the well-being of the country from order and the
consolidation of power, rather than the desire to see revived
a form of government which does not harmonise with the
national institutions, nor with the mannen of our people,
and has produced nothing but evil during the time that
it was in operation. Now, therefore, that the
tree welfare of the country and general airman-
stances require that the government of the Mate
should be re-eontituted upon the mesa bases which
existed before 1848, we have firmly resolved to promulgate
the following dispositieme, and we swans Tuscans that, up
to the last day of oar life, oar sweetest labour will be to de-
velop, in every way, all moral and civil advantages in our
dearly-beloved country. Te this end may God help us,
sad strengthen us every day by the cordial confidence of
oar dear people, and imbue us with this reflection, that the
new organisation of Tuscany by augmenting the proroga.
time of our power, readers also the weight of oar duties the
more heavy :
Art. 1. The statute promulgated 13th February, 1818, is
abolished.

Art 2. The royal authority, re-entering into the pleni-
tude of its powers the ministers as the councillors of the
Prince, sad the agents for the execution of his orders, be-
anie once mom responsible to to the Grand Duke and
etmatersign his sovereign decrees.
I Art. 3. The matters of public law specified in the lied
chapter of the said statute shall be regulated according to I
the principles and roles resulting from the laws and dups.
Mims which were in force in the Grand Doehy before the
publication of the said statute, save so far es is otherwise
established by the prevent decree.
Art. 4. The Sin in force relating to the press shall be
revised, in order to establish a system which may effectually
summates the respect due to religion, morality, sad public
maw.

Art b. The civic guard is definitively and universally
abolished.
Art 6. The COancid of State Inaugurated on March 16,
1048, is amininiaed, bat It is separated from the Council of
Ministers. Anew decree will regaiste Its attributions in a
precise imam.
Art. 7. Thu Maimunal regulations, published by decree
of November 20, 1849, and which has beset tried by way
of superlnsist, shall be revised, in older that they may un-
do*" the altersticas of which experience may have shown
them to be suesspdble.
Olma May 6, 1862. LIOPOLD.
(Coaasenigned), 0. BALDIBII3IIO/FI, President of
the Colleen of Ministers.
N. Lam, Minister Sec. of State.
_ _

A letter from Leghorn of the Bth, in the Pied-
resoßkeo Gasette, states that the grand ducal decree,
abolishing the constitution, having been long fore-
seen, has not prodiced a great impression. The
Conservatore Croadinioisok of Florence has assumed
the name of Corriere dell Arno.

The Daily Yew, referring to the intelligence re-
ceived yesterday, and published in the Exyreu, of
the issue of the above deem, says:
The recent letter of our correspondents inTuscany
will have prepared the readers of the Daily News
for the r • denotement. The superstitions
weakness of the Tuscan ruler, and the ash and au-
dacity of his advisers, made it certain that, what-
ever temporary triumph M. Baldasseruni might
achieve, or fancy he had achieved, would rest upon
the most sandy of basis. Incomplete as is the an-
nouncement above quoted, it is of immense signifi-
cance. We hear not this time of the Lcopoldine
laws, the groundwork of civil society in Tuscany;
and for all that appears, the monarch may have
stopped short of their abrogation. Whether, too,
M. bfMasseroni has surrendered the constitution in
return he the maintenance of the laws of Leopold,

or has fallen with the charter of 1848, is uncertain.
Three days prior to the date of this despatch, as we
learn hoe other sources, the chief minister was too
ill to confer with the Grand Duke, and his
usilea were both summoned to rouge'
sod bipiond to keep their poets within the
spies tour-and•twenty hours. However this may
bo, the constitution is abolished, and " the govern.
mat is constituted on the same basis as before
1848.* The nature of that basis is soon 'dated. The
Greed Duke, a scion of the House of Hapsburg, was
absolute, bound to consult no assembly of his 'ab-
ject', aristocratic or representative, and governed by
four chief clerks, who had to take their orders from
him on all subjects not mere matters of routine. In
I February, 184 d, when every Italian state, from the
little principality of Monaco to the kingdoms of
Naples and Turin, was receiving its constitution, the
Grand Duke of Tuscany declared his intention of
endowing the country entrusted to his care with a
national representation, which should satisfy the pub-
liedesire and the necessities of the times, and secure
to Truscany the guarantee of its future happiness.
This thogght (says the Orand Duke, in a proclamation)
had already been conceives' by oar immortal grsndfather,
Circumstances have, till the present time, prevented his
projects from being put into execution ; but we feel happy
to fecal to the minds of our people a recollection so glorious
as his. It is also with heartfelt satisfaction that we see
ourselves about to endow ear country with the national re-
presentation which was the subject of all our study and of
all ear pre-occupations. Tuscans, your trust in me shall
not be deceived. I intend to bestow upon you those liber-
ties which you have so well deserved by your conduct. I
glory in being the author of an essentially Tuscan consti•
Mimi, which is at the um time in perfect harmony with
the general interests of Italy.
In conformity with these professions a charter
appeared, on the 15th of February, constituting two
chambers. the one to be called a senate, of which the
members were to be elected for life; the other the
council general, of which the members were to be
periodically elected. The ministers were to be re-
sponsible to the collective powers of the state, and a
national guard and a free press were to watch over
the liberties of the country. The grandson of
Leopold the First has ',fag since ceased to invoke the
" glorious recollection" of his ancestor, or to aspire
to be the continuator of his work: The constitution
has long been out of force, the press chained, and
chambers uneonvoked. But this is not enough. Not
satisfied with the practical absolutism to which Aus-
trian soldiers have restored him, Leopold must wipe
out the dead letter which records that once Tuscan
people had political rights.