The Express.
London, England, 1852-01-28 00:00:00

EGYPT.

A letter front Alexandria, of the 9th, says :
The accounts which we have received from Cairo throw
some light on the two great timidly's" of the Tanzimat and
the railway,—questions the latter of which is of paramount
importance to all nations who have ports in the Mediter-
ranean. Abhor I'acha is more than ever determined to re-
sist the establishment of the *rimmed. The deputation
from the city of London, headed by Mr. Andersen, has
given him great moral support. The Arab Gazette, which
is printed at Boulak, makes known the feelings of the Vice-
roy—he is for resistance. The Tanzimat is the summary
of the new civil law established at Constantinople by the
constitution of 1839, known by the name of the Ilan-
! Scherilf of Oul-liatte. This Tanzimat limit, in considerable
degree the power of the governors of provinces. and par-
ticularly the ourf, which the latter os•ume to themselves,
in imitation of the Sultan whom they represent. Under the
old regime the Pedichahs, or Kingsof Kings, a title which
the Sultans give themselves, h rd the right of the um!, that
is to say, the right to put to death fourteen persons every
day by divine inspiration, and without rendering any ac-
count of the motives which induced them to do se. It is
this right of the rime!, which the Paellas same in their
pachalice, and which had tended to constitute that tyranny
which depopulated the Ottoman empire. Ihe situation of
the Viceroy of Egypt is, however, exceptional, for in Ib4l
France, in recommending Mehemet Ali to restore Syria to
the Sultan, promised to negotiate for funs with the Divan
to obtain administrative independence, on the payment of
a tribute. These rights were in fact conceded to him. I
do not mean to say by this that the French government
stipulated for this right of the owl, for no one then thought
of it. Nevertheless, as Egypt is nothing but a long
except in the Delta and in the l•'ayoum, a valley which
sometimes is only two leagues in width, it is exposed to the
depredations of the independent lkdoit.s of the Libyan and
Arabian deserts. It iv necessary to have a summary Led
justice in order to deal with such marauder.. It would not
he easy to follow judicial form. with such men. Abbas
Pasha therefore rejects the Tanximat, for soon the times
would return when the Beduins would fire on the proems
who came up the Nile—like those times when they were
masters of the Pyramids, at three leagues from Cairo, and
seized on all who visited those monuments fur the sake of
obtaining a ransom for their release.

LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES.

THE LANDING OF FIFTY THOUSAND MEN.

TO Till IDITOtt OP is. IXPIIMII.
slte,—Let ua nautili.° Dow an army
.of invasion
would landeal on the English enlist, supplants in gent
to each that point. We shall suppose then ie net ma
English ship or regiment 01 England in eight, the Gamy
basing only the apprehension that he may be orred., Let
the troop* be 511,000 of all arms. Napoleon in 1
rapt. Addison, adjutant and secretary to the
Military Asylum, Chelsea, informs us, on authority of
Hoes jaaufwe, that England may be invaded by 161,800.
The 30.000 would consist of a due proportion of cavalry,
infantry. artillery, and engineers, with siege guns. Nape.
fren's plan included rations for 40 days. We 'Zell allow
rations for 30 day.; these, with their package, will weigh
1,00 tons at low. 'the horses for 7,000 cavalry with do-
for field officers of all arms, including the staff;
lore. for 10 lieldpieces, and for a siege train of 100 guns;
(Napeleon designed to have 000 pieces of artillery, two-
thing. of thi in mege gun.), hones for 200 provision wag.
roue, for the vamp equipage, the ambulance, and the am-
auud•am: alas the wa.etou train of the engineers, carryiag
wor"eing teols for 5,110) men ; iu all 10,000 hones, or there-
shoo. Th. y might make the venture with km than full
ina.,:t for those hone*, but there would nut be less than
sisel ton. of corn or other serape. Nut to be tedioue about
&tails of omniunition and store., let us take a moderate
estimate of the whole of the dead weight to be landed,
ezelu.sisc of peronal lame and accoutrements, and call it
tom tone; it could be an indifferently appointed army
were the dead weight of it. etoree nut more.
What Lind of coast shall we suppose, the enemy to ap-
onneli ? Either there u a low beach of shilling rock,
shingle, or. sand, conning with its shallows wanant a mile
or'em se,th breakers on them ; or tLere aro high cliff.
rising aboi the deep water. To Lind such tin army where
there are high cliff* and no road. through
them i. annoeible. There must he' a spacious
beach. Ti,, vessels will cover a .pare of fronithree to four
mike along the coast, their unelionnor being froin one to
these mils from low water-mark, the larger ship* outside
to rep lAO atteek. While this hay, or reel rim of Open
ah .r.. must he Omani tor the alesence of high cliffs, it
mi.•t is i eitiguoue to ground which posseeses tile regal*
pit.- for a very rxten.ive fortified camp. The ground must
be e1ev.,,,-.1, with iredi w Orr and fuel within a. bounds.
The anchor...; place of the ships must I, .r erne be such as
(het eta r, .0 On sit. Or return to at wiil, to re-embark the
army, should it require such a evince. In any ease, the
enemy would require to keep a communication opus with
hi. own coast.
The boats to convey the men, horses, and Fiore., from
the ships to the shore must lie sufficient in number
and quality to complete that ilisision of the labour in a
definite and brief .pace of time. Napoleon designed to
have 3,000 flit-bottomed boats to run ashore like Hooting
platforms. with mods, )ards. and tackle for unehippine
horses and heavy weights. By the time 1,000 were built,
or in prvese, all the conveniently available riser-side,
lake-stile, and harbour space in France sail Holland win
occupied with these boats, the timber in preparation, and
larger vends coogregated in tier same waters. Only 1,000
out of 3,010 were emopleted. .tlthough the %Werner§ of
lei! would greatly fandtate the parrote of such hoots from
the French to the English mast, the steamers would erase
to he of service at glirtaileti of a mile or half a mile from
the hash. The boats must now, as then, he capable of
propulsion by rower..
Mit Napoleon'. SI it.hottomnl boats do not mint* the
oh, me et their use was abandoned us impracticable. What
have our modem French army in their stead ? Only the
ship- ),,.,to. or fishing hoot.. To build 1,000 flat-bottoms,
or iiiatitie gangway., or even 500, as good as those which
Napoli on aliandohed as not sufficient, would require the
labour of many thousands of men for many weeks. In the
abo ore of th, ec, the eomnion boats mutt used, Five
eue4s,d, Ode to carry, besides their own crew, an are-
no• of :to men each, accoutred and armed, with their
allotted quantities of hall cartridge, would not be easily
muster. d; yet thty might be had. Four trips for each at
at, eierize or en hour to the trip, would early the men
ashore in four hours, with two-thirds of the boat in the
bet trip to lie loaded with store'. More probably the bolts
would, from the first, tie divided, the larger to take the
horses, the smaller the men, and afterwards the stores.
Thus the re would be 250 boats, carrying perhaps an ave-
rage of do men, !testily% the crew., fur about nine hours.
The dragoon. would accompany their horse', so also scr-
eam. and staff onkel". their hones. in the larger boats.
The smaller boats, at the end of nine hours, would begin to
deliver the ships of 7,000 tons of glans, ammunition, com-
missariat stores, gun carriage., waggons , camp equipage,
hospital ambulance, and working implements. Suppose the
smaller ties of boat* able, which is doubtful, to carry the
liege gun* and carriogeo, waggon., and other heavy
wtights, they would require to make each fourteen trips,
carrying tau tons at an income. The time to load and
unload would be a half longer than that occupied in a trip
with the men—namely, an hour and a half, which would
consume twenty-one hours, making, with the pre-
vious nine, thirty hours. This is on the sup-
pootion that they did not, in their crowding,
delay Or, another; that they couid gain the Desch and find
room to ilepeOt the freight within a range along the beach
of about three miles. Hut this again supposes the stores to
be reinoreil last enough from three or four fluxes of the
tide by the infantry who have been formed into "fatigue "
parties. and that the boat's crews are nut required to delay
at the beech in carrying the stores above high water mark.
The " fatigue " ponies would he numerically strung ; but
they could not work incessantly during those 30 hours and
the *several times 30 hours yet before them.
We return to the 10,0011 horses. Do they not kick the
bottoms out of such boats as these ? Do they not kick one
another, and leap overboard, or break their they
? If not,
how are they got ashore ? Where are the masts, yards,
sal tackle to hoist them out ? The boats take the ground
in three or four, or, at least, two and a half feet of water;
the gunwale is from twelve to twenty inches above the
water; there is no gangway nor wharf. Let a wharf be
covenanted on pontoons of sufficient strength to bear cranes,
my in twelve or twenty hours—it is quite possible to be
dose; but when will the horses he landed? Not sooner
than the second day, and then only if weather permit the
It =pantry whereto to stand and the ship* to remain so
time to the shore. As to the thunder of cannon, bursting
of 401.. the roaring rush and crash of rockets from
that navy which cwt Britain six million ster-
ling a year or thereabout, we must not imagine
that Ouse are to derange tho debarkation of the invaders.
The Enoch fleet must not be annoyed, nor must the wind
rum a swill on the sea, else our supposed invaders will
never get their hones and 7,000 tons of stores to the beach.
We n yore to have them on English soil, at least on
English shingle and seaweed for the sake of seeing what
they will do if left entirely to themselves.
tint thief: will be to advance to firm ground above
the cliffs, if cliffs there be, and distribute themselves as if
they del net believe in the English bring simple enough not
%attach them. There will be 30,000 men under arms to
cover 2i,000 who are working. The staff, the servants,
teaks, hospital corps, and commissariat, will account for the
ether 5.100. Of the 21,000 under arms, half will snatch suck
repose as they may with accoutrements on ; the other half
will be disproed in pickets advanced into the country, no
abalone/ on the beach over the store and in camp guards.
Of the 23,000 ° fatigue" men, 10,000 may be at the camp
work. by tams, raising batteries, making ditches, breast-
works, le. Of the remaining 15,000, one-third may rest
tight hours and two-thirds work sixteen boon in the twenty-
(sue, bringing in the 7,000 tons of stores.
Those heavy weights, some two tons, one ton, and many
half a ton each, they begin to handle, standing up to their
middle or breast in the sea. Some they tarry ashore, some
they rill on gangways from the boats. Except carriages,
perhaps, everything must he kept dry. On planks along
the slippery seaweed, over pools, or alp the shelving rocks
Of on the banks of toose shiugle, their feet sinking as they
toil and tear and wear themselves night and day, day and
night, fur at least a week, they roll or carry those ponder-
ous weight.. If the camp be fortified within the same
week, the French soldiers will prove themselves better
workers than our railway contractor found French
labourers to be. And of course they are not to be
raiiltai.,l at their work

From this camp must all subseveent operations begin.
Without this base for the campaign the enemy cannot
move. While this must retain' its connexion with his
ships, and the chips with Frame, he must have a succes-
sioe of fortified posts as he advances, to keep open his con-
nezion with this base of operation.
It must not be admitted that because • pens may
have seen come servii e, that therefore he is able to pro
Bounce upon the feasibility or details of a supposed inva-
sion. But if a person has been three times engaged in
landing horses and stores, with the assistance of sailors and
marine artillery of the British navy, without the advantage
of a wharf, and also with it ; and two other times being so
employed in face of • galling fire—such person may be
d to give an opinion on the landing of troops, if he
have also read much and studied the strategies of war.
Such has my experience been ; and I make bold to pro-
nounce that • French army of 50,000 men of all arms would
require all the time allowed them in the foregoing sketch
to get into • position to begin their campaign, whereas,
with reugh weather, they could not land at all.
What do I write for ? To show that our navy may spoil
such an enemy long before he can complete his landing.
But the invading army might be three times as large as
this. says Baron hl.iiinee. True, in number of men ; but
it Is doubtful if the French navy and all her mercantile
steam marine could transport even eO.OOO troops and neces-
sary etort-s. That, however, world require a separate
eilitilation.
A SOLDIER.

Tem.

NATIONAL DEFENCES.