The Express.
London, England, 1864-09-16 00:00:00

THE BANK OF FRANKFORT.

FRANKFORT, Sumls.lll
The Bank of Frankfort has raised its rate of dis-
count from 47 to & per cent.

LNDIA.

BOMBAY, Auacwr SC

Shirting, firm, but little doing. —Mule ----------
good demand. Cotton, firm. Dhollerah, 630 rs.
Malwa, opium, 1,525 rs. Exchange on London,
6 months, let Class Credits, 2s. lid. ; Government
securities, Four per Cents., 93 ; ditto, Five per
Cents., 102 ; ditto, Five-and-Half, 114. Freights
for cotton to Liverpool, 45e.
The English mail of the 3rd August has not yet
arrived.

CALCIJITA, Aoccerr 22.

Shirtings dull. The indigo crop is estimated at
90,000 mounds. Exchange on London : 14 Class
Credits, 2s. lid.; Government securitie% Four per
Cents., 92 ; ditto, Five per Cents., 1021. Freights
to London for seeds, 80e.

THE BRA ZIL&
(Per the Fatremadera, by telegraph from Lisbon.)

BUENOS AYRE . Acouer 27.

Exchange on London, 50. Wet salted ox bides,
384 ; dry American hides, 35 to 39. Tallow, 141.
Lumber, 38 to 41. Flour, 6to 7. Refined sugar,
22 to 23. Produce tending downwards. Market
active.

DrAra or EARL Cm:max.—The Earl Cadogan
expired at the family mansion in Piccadilly at four o'clock
yesterday morning, at the advsimed agent 82. The deceased.
George Cadogen, Viscount Chelsea. Bann Cadogan, of
Oakley, comity Bucks, and Baron Oakley, of Oavereltam, in
Oxfordshire. Rear-Admiral in the royal navy, was born io
1782, succeeded to the honours, save the barony of Oakley,
which he acquired by letters patent in 1831, se third earl,
at the decease of his brother, 23rd December, 1822.
His lordship married. ie 1810, Louisa Houma,
daegbter of Mr. J. Blake, of Ardfn, and sister
of the first Lord Walleoeurt, who hied in 1845.
The late earl entered the nary in December, 1795, and
saw considerable service. Re was midshipman of the Inde-
fatigable at the capture of the French frigate Virainie,
1796 ; and at the destruction of Droita de l'Homme, 1797 ;
wee mate of the Intoetecor, commanding the barge lip-
pointed to lead the fire-ship in the attack upon the cool.
biped French and Spanish *quadroon in Aix Itads, 1799 ;
took part in the expedition to Ferrol, and was at the capture
of Gut pe, 1860 ; was lieutenant of the Leda ; was in action
with the Boalogoe ; was ocanuaaderof the Cyase at
the capture of the beech privateer brig Bonaparte, and of
the Ferret at the captor* of a Spanish brig of 14 guns ; cap-
tain of the Pallas in the Walcheren expedition, and of the
Havasnah, where he took sod destroyed In tea months 91
sail of vessels, manly erased, wed near 100 guns in bat-
teries. He aommanded the game Molest the reduction of
Zara is 1813. His lordship had as arm broken at the at.
tack on the tovre of Telma, on the coast of Naples. Re
was made a Companies el the Order el the Bath to 1815,
sad had the Minnie Order of Maris Theresa eenfeend an
hha the year following. He was also speeintedt in ISH, on
extra naval aide-downy he WWlran IV. He la reocoph4
by his elan Ks, Vimoseat %slam

Whoever first gave the idea of theta meetings,
was certainly a very natural philosopher; out of
the depths of hie own consciousness be had probably
become aware that the scientific mind, notwith-
standing the speculative faculty, has a great ten-
dency to crystallize and even sometimes to fos-
silize. Most of us have discovered that this flinty
condition is by nu means • desirable one for the
advancement of anything. The man of science—
that is to say, of the class who give themselves up
to one subject fora life—runs some riskof becoming
an ascetic ; he may live among his books, his spe-
cimens and his test tubes till he creates a world of
his own, fancies himself a discoverer, and
only finds out his mistake when he comes
to compare notes with a brother student at one
of these meetings. Then he probably learns that
all his pet creations belong to the extinct species ;
he may try hard to save them, but his friend baa
• malicious pleasure peculiar to the savant of all
nations, is mutilating them, and, if he can, de-
stroying them altogether. Scientific offspring has
to run the gauntlet in this way through all the
ranks, and those that survive and make a figure in
the world, too often have to be decently interred
in the portfolios of their fathers.
It is well, then, that the trials of scientific life
should be encountered as pleasantly as possible ;
and from first to last the British Association pro-
ceeds upon the principle of pleasant attrition ; oc-
casionally, perhaps, there are differences in the
grain, which, upon compression, cause so much
beat as to give out sparks, but this always tends to
the diffusion of light, more or less, on every side,
and we get generally • glimpse of some great
truth underlying the many strata of opinion.
Nothing could be more interesting than to bear
Sir Roderick Murchison speak of the differences
that bad existed between his theories and those of
Sir Charles Lyell, and which still continued after
a friendship of forty years, ever since they walked
together as young geologists through the valleys
and old volcanoes of France and Italy. Sir Roderick
was delighted to claim agreement with his old
fellow-worker upon the question of the great central
heat of the earth, and owned himself " a convul-
sionist" as much as Sir Charles ; he was delighted
at all this, but I could fancy that there were deeper
and more fundamental differences in the theories
of the two illustrious geologists.
Sir Roderick Murchison evidently considered he
had made a palpable hit upon the great discovery
alluded torn the President's Address—that animal
fossils had been discovered in the limestone rock
below the rooks on the North of the river St. Law-
rence, a more ancient deposit than the eldest iu
Ifurope—when be pointed out that these were of
the 'lowest geode of animal life—that not a single
animal with a backbone bad been discovered in the
long cycles while these rocks were accumulating in
any part of the globe. Thisled him, he said, "through
•succession of ages to a beginning." To this, how-
ever, Sir Charles made no response ; be merely sat
smiling in his chair, with hands gently clasped,
content apparently to let what he had said in his
Address stand—" that these rocks preceded in date
rocks once supposed to have been formed before any
organic beings had been created." Whether the" A-
ntiquity of Man" will be brought into direct discus-
sion in any of the Sections is not yet known, but the
audience, especially the pit, were evidently quite
ready forit Sir Roderick's allusion to " •beginning"
was received with a decided " cheer," bat still more
marked was this disposition shown when Sir Charles
Lyon made an allusion to "old traditional beliefs"
in connexion with his subject, which was received
with three rounds of applause. His story of the
Irishman who couldn't get the chill of poverty
out of his bones, dpropos of the want of libe-
rality in the present generation when called
upon to make "an expenditure of past time,"
was also very heartily relished, and by none
more than Sir Roderick and Mr. Phillips, who sat
together. Sir Charles had made up his mind for a
" heavy charge " of his forces towards the close of
his Address, and you could see, when he made a
pause and drew a deep breath, as a good rider
holds himself and his horse together for a bold leap,
that something was coming, when he began with
the words :—" The more we study and comprehend
the geographical changes of the glacial period, and
the migrations of animals and plants to which it
gave rise, the higher our conceptions are raised of
the duration of that subdivision of time ;" and
then entered upon the statements in refe-
rence to the existence of man in this
period, the finding of flint implements, with
bones of extinct quadrupeds, and the still
more wonderful discovery of the mammoth
in Siberia, with the eye quite perfect, after several
thousands of years; winding up with the sugges-
tion that if the creature had not been disturbed it
would continue perfect for " myriads of centuries."
One felt that here was the favourite line of specu-
lation. The whole was delivered in an earnest and
incisive manner, and evidently produced • pro-
found impression upon the •udieuce. As the
eminent man sat down he was warmly applauded
on every side, and we especially noticed the cordial
and even affectionate interest with which Professor
Sedgwick, who sat immediately at his elbow,
handed him a glass of water. The incident was
small enough, only that the two men were so great,
and it seemed to say that Sedgwick was ready to
back his more adventurous brother in the science.
The two men are very different in appearance.
Professor Sedgwick's practical looking head is
cast in a much larger and massive mould than
Sir Charles Lyell's, whose whole conformation is
rather delicately modelled, the features refined,
intellectual, and expressive, with something of the
look of Canning. The President read his Address
standing, and though something of the effect was
lost by his holding the book with both bands close
to the eyes, and only looking off now and then—
and has voice is naturally unsuited to public speak-
ing—yet he spoke with such energy of expression,
withoutany other action then a slight twitching of
the arms and a simultaneous little stamp. of the
foot, that the points of the Address were all brought
sharply and vividly out. The general theoretical
scope of it, with all the wide range of observation
of facts it embraced, struck me as admirable for
philosophic and masterly treatment. Nothing
could have been more ingenious and happy,
nothing more truly scientific, than the explanation
of the analogy between the Bath hot-spring and
• volcano. To start from this so easily and lead
us from the central nucleus of beat of the globe
to the glacial theory and the antiquity of Man was
a scheme only open to a master mind.