The Press.
London, England, 1854-10-14 00:00:00

DEATH OF MARSHAL DE ST. ARNAUD.

A supplement to the Gazette was issued last Satur-
day, containing the following despatch, received at
the Foreign-office from Belgrade, and published by
order of the Duke of Newcastle

Translation of the exact copy of a despatch received
7th October, 9 a.m.:—

Constantinople, September 80, 1854, 10 p.m.
Marshal St.. Arnaud is dead. His remains have just
arrived here on board the Berth()let, which is appointed to
convey them to France. This vessel brings news from
the Crimea up to the 29th, iu the morning. It was sup-
posed that Prince Meuschikoff had returned to Sebastopol.
The allies were on the point of commercing the siege.
General Canrobert had succeeded to the command of the
French army. STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE.
Despatched from Belgrade, October 0,1854, at 7 p.m.

The Constitutionnel gives some Interesting parti-
culars of the death of the gallant Commander in-
Chief :

Marshal de St. Arnaud has not survived his victory. For
the last year the life of the marshal was only one of
long suffering ; nevertheless he could not make up his
mind to repose when the ern of combats was recommencing
for France. He had claimed as a privilege the command
of the first army that should carry the eagles on a
European field of battle. Every one said that he would
leave his life there ; he only knew that he would gain glory,
and he was inexorable in his resolution. The passage
from Varna to Eupatoria had brought back the malady
with which the marshal was afflicted, and he had been a
'prey for two days to dreadful suffering when he got on
horseback to attack the enemy. For twelve hours he could
not be persuaded to take a moment's rest he several times
rode along the whole line of battle, which was nearly five
Miles in length, never ceasing to give hin orders, and con-
cealing from all, at the price of incredible efforts, his
struggle against this malady. At length, when the pain
became too severe, when his exhausted force was on the
point of betraying him, he got himself held up on horse-
hick by two horsemen. It was thus that the marshal
lavished his life on the battle-field on which he added so
n ible a page to our military history.
The remains of the deceased marshal arrived at
Marseilles on Tuesday. Orders had been given to
s'iow them every mark of respect—minute guns were
fired, and all the ships hoisted theft. colours half-
mast high. Mme. St. Arnaud accompanied the
funeral procession. The body will be interred in the
Invalides, with great pomp, and at the public expense.
The following biography of the late Commander-in-
ehief is given in the Paris journals :
The marshal was born in Paris on the 20th of August,
1801. At the age of 1:1 he entered the Gerdes du Corps,
and was soon a sub-lieutenant in the infantry of the line;
bat he quitted the army, and did not return to the service
until 184, when he entered the 64th Regiment of the line
as sub-lieutenant, and a month afterwards was raised to the
grate of lieutenant. He took in active part in the war of
La Vendee, and on the pacification of that province was
atta .hed, as orderly officer, to Marshal lingeand. At this
time lie was charged with a mission to the Duchess de
Berri, which he executed in ouch a manner as to acquire
her esteem. In 1836 M. de St. Arnaud went to Algiers,
and was there rapidly promoted to the rank of captain.
At t le siege of uonstantine M. de St. Arnand distinguished
himself greatly, and received the decoration of the Legion
of Honour. In 1840, after having displayed great courage
in a series of battles, lie was raised to the rank of com-
mandant in the lsth Regiment of infantry, which he quit-
ted tor the Zoutives. In IS-P 1 M. de St. Around attained
the grade of lieutenant-colonel, and as swill joined the
16th Regiment of infantry. His itervirue obtained for him
the warm appiubatio; of ➢km/id Hageatid, and is MI

he was made colonel of the 32nd Regiment. \Then the
country had become more tranquil, Colonel de St Arnaud
devoted himself to the task of colonisation, and succeeded
so well that in 1847 he was raised to the rank of major-
general. He had previously been promoted sucessively to
the rank of officer and commander in the Legion of Honour.
The country becoming again the theatre of war, M. de St.
Arnaud acquired a high reputation by his bravery and
talent. In 1850 he has appointed to the command of the
province of Constanthia, and in that post obtained
great distinction by his proceedings against the enemy.
Having by a brilliant campaign against the Kabyles raised
his reputation to the highest point, he returned to France,
and as general of division was appointed by the President
of the Republic to the command of the 2nd division of the
army of Paris, and soon after was appointed Minister of
War. In 1852 the general was made a Marshal of France,
named senator, and received the grand cross of the Legion
of Honour. The marshal left the Ministry of War to com-
mand the army of the East, and died on the 29th ult.
The Moniteto publishes two letters written to the
French War Minister by Marshal St. Arnaud in which
he refer; to the fatal malady that was so soon to
close his gallant career :

On board the ship Vile de Paris, Sept. 12.
M. le Marechal,—My situation in regard to my health
has become grave. Up to this time I have combated the
malady with which 1 am affected with all the energy of
which I was capable, and for a long time T had hoped that
T was sufficiently habituated to suffering 0 be able to
exercise the command without making knownto all the
violence of the attacks which I am condemned to suffer.
But this struggle has exhausted my strength. I have
had the pain of discovering lately, and particularly during
the passage, during which I was upon the point of sucumb-
ing, that the moment was approaching when my courage
would not suffice to enable me to support the heavy burden
of a command which requires a vigour that I have lust, and
which I hardly hope to recover.
My conscience makes me consider it a duty to explain
to you this position. I should hope that Providence will
permit me to complete the task which 1 have undertaken,
and that I may be able to lead as far as Sebastopol tho army
with which 1 shall land tomorrow on the coast of the
Crimea ; but that will be, I feel, a last elfort,and I beg you
to ask the Emperor to allow me to appoint a successor.
A. DE ST. ARNAUD.

Head-quarters, Bivouac on the Tschernaya, Sept. 26.
M. le Marechal,—My health is deplorable. An attack of
cholera has just been added to the evils from which I have
suffered so long, and I am become so weak that to continue
the command is I feel impossible. In this position, and
however painful it may be to me, I feel it a duty of honour
and conscience to place it in the hands of General l'imro-
bert, whom the special orders of his Majesty indicate as my
successor.

The subjoined order of the day will explain the nenti-
menta with which I separate myself from my soldiers, and
renounce the pursuit of the great enterprise the happy
commencement of which seemed to presage a glorious result
fur our arms. A. ux ST. ARNAUD.
The Univers, in an article on the death of Marshal
St. Arnaud, refers to his religious prepossessions, and
prints some letters in the subject, written after his
appointment as Commander-in-Chief to the expedi
tionary army, to some clerical dignitary. In one of
these the marshal slid:—
Rev. Father,—How could you suppose a moment I
would neglect to afford the brave soldiers of the army of
the East all the consolations of religion' The chaplain
establishment of the army has been formed. I have made
the necessary arrangements with the Abbe Cogitereau on
the subject. There is to be a chaplain for each division
and for each hospital, and two at head•gnarters. i am borne
down by business, and am taking care of my health to be
able to carry on the war vigorously against the Russians.
I shall want your prayers ; for without God nothing can be
done, and I place my confidence in His mercy and in the
protection which He accords to France.
Lord Cowley, British Ambassador in France, was
ordered to transmit to the French Ministry the con-
dolence of his own Government on the death of
Marshal St. Arnaud. His lordship accordingly
addressed the following letter to M. Drouyn
l'Huya
Paris, Oct. 10, 1854.
Monsieur le Ministry,—Her Majesty's principal Secre-
tary of State for Foreign Affairs has invited me to convey
as promptly as possible to the Emperor the expression of
the deep regret with which the Queen's Government has
received the news of the death of Marshal St. Arnaud.
The Government of her Majesty is desirous of offering to
his Imperial Majesty and to the French nation its condo-
knee on the mournful event that has deprived the Em-
peror and France of the services of a general so brave and
so eminent. If anything can sweeten the bitteniess of the
regret which the French Government and nation must
feel at such a loss, and which regret England shares, it is
the thought—although itself a sad one—that the last
moments of the marshal were made illustrious by the
splendour of a victory that will remain eternally glorious
in the military annals of the two countries.
While begging your excellencylo be the interpreter of
these sentiments to the Emperor, I confide in your per-
mitting me to add the expression of my personal regret.
To know Marshal St. Arnaud was to like hint, for the
courteous affability of his private life was not less remark-
able than his intrepid thinness on the field of battle.

COWLEY.

Is the mime of September forty additional medi-
cal officers reached the army of the East from Eng-
land ; thirty-four others are on the way; fourteen
embarked last Smelt, and others are nearly ready for
departure: •

lottign an Colonial 3.ntellipatt.

THE PRESS. 960

FRANCE.
The Emperor intends, according to the rumour in
Court circles, to confer the Grand Cordon of the
Legion of Honour on Lord Raglan. Marshal St.
Arnaud, it is believed, would have received some high
mark of distinction from the Queen of England if he
had lived.
By an imperial decree, 215 pupils of the Special
Military School have been named sub-lieutenants in
different regiments.
A member of the French Legitimist aristocracy, it
is said the Duke of Larochefoucault, is about to pub-
lish a letter denying in the strongest terms the
charge brought against that party of not feeling
sympathy in the success of the French army in the
East, and of regretting the defeats endured by the
Russians.
Great-coats with hoods, sufficiently ample in size to
cover the haversack, cap, and whole equipment, are
to be furnished te the French soldiers in the East.
Sixty thousand are to be supplied in all, the greater
portion being already made and forwarded to Con-
stantinople.
The Prefect of Police has issued an order setting
forth the qualifications which will be required in
all young men applying for places in the new police of
Paris. They must be over twenty-one years of age ,
5 feet 54 inches in height at least ; know how to
read and write ; be of a good constitution ; and be able
to produce a certificate of good conduct.
Two decrees further reducing the import dues on
consumable articles appeared in last Saturday's
Moniteur. One of these diminished to a merely
nominal rate the duty on sweet wines (rlns de
liqueur), heretofore 100 f. per hectolitre; and the
other that on salt meat. 'Wines of all descriptions
can now he imported at a nominal, and spirits at a
moderate, rate of customs duty into France. Paris is
accordingly in a way to become a still more favourite
resort to English residents. They have already
written to London for a stock of English gin and
whisky for the winter, and now they have a chance
of getting better sherry and madeira than that made
at the universal wine-manufactory of Cette.

GERMANY.
Some very sharp English and French notes are
said to have reached Berlin a few days since. The
Prince of l'russia is expected to pay a visit to Vienna
very shortly.
The Prussian fortress of Magdeburg has been
declared in a state of siege. The motives of this
are said to be purely military. There is nothing
political in it.

Numerous arrests have taken place in Hungary,
and created a great sensation. The accused were
sent to Vienna. It is said that they include priests,
proprietors, and advocates. They are charged with
having kept up intelligence with Russia.
The Bavarian Liovernment is on the point of
negotiating a loan of 62,000,000 of francs from the
Bank of Munich. One lialf of that sum is to be
employed in constructing the railway from Munich
to Salzburg, which had been interrupted for want of
funds.

Memel was visited with a terrible conflagration on
the 4th inst. An immense number of dwellings and
warehouses were consumed, nearly a third part of
the city being destroyed, together with 2,00,000 f.
sterling of property. The custom-house, bank, and
justice court were burnt, and also several churches.
Business was in consequence altogether suspended.
Fortunately the shipping escaped ; but 3,000 or
4,000 tons of hemp and flax on the quays were re-
duced to ashes.

SPAIN.
The elections had begun in Spain on the sth inst.,
and were passing quietly. All the new Ministers
were stated to be sure of their elections. Espartero
had been teturned for Saragossa and some other
places.
The property of Queen Christina has been placed
under sequestration.
M. Pascual Oliveira is appointed Director of the
Colonies. The Madrid Gazette of the 7th contains
several decrees relative to colonial administration.

'the National Guard is dissolved, on the ground of
ita having taken part in the Ist. distnrhanera.

The Count of Montemolin has addressed a mani-
festo to the Spanish nation. He commences it with
historical allusions, all of them made for the purpose
of upholding legitimacy and divine right. He de-
tlares modern liberalim to be Utopian in its nature,
and laments the course Spain is now following. He
has no wish, he says, to renew the civil war, but
evident 4 issues the manifesto in the hope of getting
profit of some sort out of the present disturbed state
of things in Spain.
The Infant Don Henry is about to quit Spain.
The cholera has nearly ceased, the bulletin of
the 7th in Madrid having declined to seven cases.

GREECE 4
The Greek Chambers reassemble on the 27th
instant,

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