The Express.
London, England, 1862-10-30 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 80, 1862.

TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE.

(Ewrrza's TELEGRAM.)
ITALY.

TURIN, Ocr. 29.

The frigates Victor Emmannel and Taucrete are
about to leave Naples and Messina for the Pirmus
and Patras.

GREECE.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Oor. V.

According to advices received here from Athena,
disturbances took place at the Piraeus whilst the
ship having King Otho on board was still iu sight.
Four persons were killed.

The National Assembly will meet within eight
days hence, and will, it is said, offer the crown of
Greece to Prince Alfred of England.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, Ocr. 29.

The Emperor has ordered a naval division, con-
sisting of one frigate, one corvette, and two gun-
boats, to proceed to Greece for the protection of
Austrian subjects in that country.

AMERICA.

- --•-
POOlig On OITII 001 M

BOSTON, Ocr. 17.
The mercantile community has been startled at
the news of the exploits of the rebel steamer Ala-
bama., known, perhaps, in England by the name of
290. Imagine the feeling that would arise in
Liverpool if Great Britain was at war with Russia,
and it was announced that a Russian war steamer
was hovering near the Canary Islands, and by fire
and ball was dealing destruction to the packets
from Calcutta and Shanghae. Every shipper,
not only in that city, but in every im-
portant commercial town in the kingdom,
would be startled. The uncertainty upon
whom the next blow would fall would add to the
alarm. The interests of commerce are always
guarded with great sensitiveness, and feed on un-
necessary fears. A panic among merchants is more
common than with soldiers, and the cause of this
is liable to be increased when the danger is so un-
certain and afar off. It is likely to be maoificd,
and from the circumstances of the case spreads over
a wider surface. When we consider these facts, it
would be an exaggeration to say the mercantile
comaiunity is unduly or unreasonably alarmed
at the depredations of the Alabama. The
steamer is adapted for the purpose of a
privateer, carries a formidable armament, is
commanded by an active and adroit sailor,
who by nis previous career has shown much readi-
nese of resource in momenta of unexpected danger,
and fertility of invention to escape the conse-
quences of an unexpected turn of affairs : these
qualities, added to the daring and love of adventure
which distinguish Captain Semmes, make him a
dangerous foe to American commerce when iu corn-
mead of a swift and powerfully armed steamer ; and
it is not at all surprising that the merchant of
Boston or New York should read the losses from
the lists in the commercial bulletin with grave soli-
citude, and with the apprehension that the next
arrival may include a valuable ship and cargo bring-
ing to his own warehouse the teas of China or
indigo of India. True, a United States war vessel
is after the rebel, but with an open sea, a swift
craft, and a vigilant and active sailor in command,
her capture is not easy. If steam and canvas fail
her, she will try her strength with her pursuer
before she strikes the bars and stripes.
General Scott, as well as his former subaltern,
General Beauregard, baa figured before the public
as a letter writer. In both cases thoughts written
for the confidential perusal of private friendship
have been published to the world without the sanc-
tion of the authors. In the case of Beauregard there
was no breach of trust. His letters, taken as a part
of the spoils of war, contained important information
upon subjects which belonged to the public ; but
with the veteran hero the features of the cave are
different. At the time Mr. Lincoln assumed the
executive chair, General Scott wrote a letter to Mr.
Seward, in which he gave his opinion on the affairs
of the nation. A year and a half after, when the
circumstances have changed, this fossil of the past,
in some unaccountable manner, finds its way into
the bands of a clever New York politician, and is
brought to light ivapubliodemocraticmeeting, which
opens the political campaign of the Empire State.
There is nothing iu this letter of present moment.
Whether considered as opinion or prophecy, it has
value only as something which belongs to history ;
but how it came into the possession of the wire-
puller!, and the present uses to be made of it,
are; to say the least, curious questions. Mr.
Seward is not in league with- these men,who owe him
the political grudge of years. General Scott, it is
said, has not been privy to this publication of hie
confidential utterances. This mystery has awakened
far more attention than the contents of the letter,
and such incident! in American politics illustrate
the difficulty which the meet adroit statesman
ifinds in keeping even his private and COI&
dential thoughts from public gaze. The object of
the politician iu reading this letter was to use the
name of the respected chieftain, and turn it to the
service of his party. The opinions therein ex-
pressed, regarded as a basis for the settlement
of present difficulties, are worth as much as
Mr. Buchanan's, though the two essentially
differ. General Scott lives in the past, and,
like many of the older public men, still clings to
the rut of established mothuds. Men tio not iu a
year or two even of revolution fo-get the tradi-
tional ideas which have wrought themselves into the
fibre of their minds ; and after more than three
score years and tea crown the brow with the silver
lucks of age, it is too much to expect tie veteran
to fall into new ways, or seethe eatirely altered con-
dition of public affairs.
The result of the elections in Pennsylvania and
several of the Western States will have a far
more
.powerful influence on the political canvass in
New York than a stray letter picked up from the
files of the poet, and as these results o: the fall po-
litical campaign will contain the expression of pub-
lic opinion on uationr I affairs, some notice of
them belongs to the history of the hour. Enough
has reached us to show that the democrats have
made decided gains, and as this feature is the same
iu several States there iuust be some general causes
for this uniform result. The republicans maintain
that this is explained by the preponderating num-
bers of their party who have gone to the war.
Doubtless iu some sections this is true, and as one of
several causes may be accepted. But there are
other circumstances. The democrats of the West
as a general thing advocated a vigorous prosecu-
tion of the war. They put themselves squarely
ou the platform of the Union, and claim
to be pre-eminently the national party.
By playing upon the deep-seated attachment to the
forma of the constitution they no doubt gathered in
many who fear that in the present uphcaving of
society this venerated instrument is in danger: A
foreigner must study American society and opinion
carefully before lie can understand what a wide-
spread and deep-seeted sentiment this is. The love
of the Union and the constitution are the two
most powerful and abiding political sentiments in
the North. Now it is notorious that the most
radical portions of the republicans, in their all-
absorbing love of liberty, do not run in the
broad and deep current of American opinion.
They care as much, if not more, for the
progress of universal liberty than for the main-
tenance of the Union and constitution. Hence no:
a few of these.--especially the Abolitionists of the
Phillips and Garrisonian school—et first openly
advocated the policy of letting the South go. Mr.
Chace is reported as early in the war expreetiag

this opinion in a cabinet meeting. Mr. Sumner
cares more for liberty than the Union. At present
the two ran in parallel lines ; but sooner than have
the old Union, with its pro-slavery compromises, I
do not think I misrepresent him in saving he would
prefer a separation. At any rate, we may safely
say that it is the deliberate design of those called
"the Radicals" to make this war the means
to kill slavery. They are not content simply to
save the Union, but would at the same
time hasten emancipation, not only for what
it will do in saving the Union, but as
an advance in the progress of human liberty.
In the history of all the great struggles, this
class has held to its opinions with an uncom-
promising tenacity, and in their seal to carry their
points the leaders here have exhibited more earnest-
ness than discretion. They have been too ready to
cabal against M'Clellan, have worried Mr. Lincoln,
have not been willing to conciliate opponents by
waving their peculiar opinions, or keeping them in
abeyance ; but by their persistency in advocating
their own ideas have disaffected the more " con-
servative" republicans, that is, those in whom the
attachment to the Union and the constitution is as
strong, if not stronger, than their love of uni-
versal liberty. In this way they also have
driven off the old whigs and democrats. All
theme are now found in the opposition, and
it is the Union which has brought about the result
in the 'recent elections. Arother element which
has given the democrats political strength is the
ingrained feeling against the negro and the deep-
seated aversion to the very word "abolitionist."
Beauregard, in one of the recent letters, well aware
of this, proposed that the term Abolitionist should
be used instead of Federal The politicians,
adroitly playing upon this ingrained feeling against
the negro and the extreme abolitionists, have
accused the republicans of caring only for "the
nigger ;" they have been called "the nigger party "
and "abolitionists." In popular elections there
is great power in party cries, especially when these
rouse deep and wide-spread prejudices. It is
these varied causes, more than any desire to
make peace on the basis of separation, that have
produced the results in the recent elections. No
doubt there are many of the peace party who joined
to swell the opposition ; but where this question
was made the distinct issue, as in the case of Mr.
Vallandighani the pople pronounced against it.
On the other hand, Mr. Gurley, of Ohio, who made
a tierce attack on M'Clellan, and represented the
extreme republican wing, was also defeated. Ido
not think that opposition to Mr. Lincoln's pro-
clamation was made a distinct issue, though doubt-
less it would not meet the approval of a large
majority of the democrats. The result of these
elections then, if I understand their meaning, is a
triumph of the "conservative nationals" over the
"radical republicans." Suppose this change to go
on, and that New York elects Mr. Seymour and
Massachusetts rejects Charles Sumner, what will
be the effect of this on the policy of the adminis-
tration and the emancipation of the slaves 1 These
questions cannot as yet be fully answered. But as
I believe the principles which have precipitated this
struggle lie outside of, and are deeper than parties,
so they will control their action. Suppose Mr.
Douglas bad been chosen instead of Mr. Lincoln,
would he not have been compelled to carry on the
war 1 Suppose to-morrow the power of the admi-
nistration was in the bands of the party who
have recently triumphed, would the army of the
Potomac be disbanded 1

At present, then, the question is placed in the
hands of generals. The democrats and republicans
as a body believe in putting down the rebellion.
When in the future progress of the war the question
of adjustment comes up, then the politician will
take the most conspicuous place. For these reasons
Ido not lay so much stress on the results of the
elections which have been and are soon to be made.
As an indication of public sentiment they are of value ;
as beginning to furnish us with the bases on which
new parties are to be formed they deserve atten-
tion ; but beyond this they are not of immediate
importance, though doubtless in the future they
will more materially bear on the great struggle
which, now rising above a mere strife of party,
assumes the proportion of a contest between two
antagonistic and irreconcilable civilisations

WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, Ocr. 29.

The Royal Mail Company's steamship La Plata,
Captain Abbott, with the West India, Pacific, and
Mexican mails, arrived this evening at 5 o'clock.
She brings 117 passengers, specie to the value of
391,4051., of which amount 53,7641. is gold bullion,
5,5831. gold coin, 108,2361. silver bullion, 222,9181.
silver coin, and 9041. value in pearls.
The Demerara Court of Policy met on the Ist
inst. Ordinances were passed by the court to faci-
litate the collection of international portage in the
West India colonies, and to extend 'the amount of
loan for payment of the cost for the introduction
of Chinese immigrants. The barque Tres Amigos,
from Madeira, with 104 Portuguese' passengers,
had arrived at Demerara. Trade continued stag-
nant, without visible prospect of improvement;
stocks of American provisions were accumulating,
and sales confined to immediate wants. Produce
came forward slowly. Manufacturing operations
were being curried on vigorously on nearly all the
sugar estates throughout the colony. The export
of colonial produce for the fortnight reached—
sugar, 1,142 Link, 24 tierces, 2056 burls. •' rum,
544 puns., 15 Mids., 10 trls. ; molasses, 111 casks
timber, 27,083 feet; shingles, 420,000; charcoal,
300 brls.

The news from Trinidad is unimportant. The
archbishop's funeral wad to take place on the 10th.
His Excellency the Governor and the public officers
were lesirous of showing every mark of respect to
the deceased prelate. Her Majesty's ship Chal-
lenger had left Trinidad for St. Vincent to assist in
suppressing the disturbances which bad spread over
that island. The amount of produce shipped from
January 1 was 3,875,7531b5. of cocoa, 56,070113 a. of
coffee, 47 bales of cotton ; 41,232 Mids., 7,888
tierces, 3,401 brls. of sugar; 6,672 puns., 166
tierces, and 2,476 puns. of rum.
The Jamaica Legislature had been summoned by
proclamation to meet on the 4th proximo. The
Bishop of Kingston arrived at Jamaica on the 6th
inst. A shock of earthquake was experienced on
the evening of the 2nd. Meetings continued to be
held for the purpose of advancing the cultivation
of cotton. The revenue for the financial year ex-
ceeded the estimate by several thousands of pounds,
but the exact amount had not transpired. Busi-
ness remained about the same as reported last
mail.

News from Hayti state the country to be
tranquil. The President was on a tour in the north,
and meeting with a hearty reception. The American
immigrants were doing well, and expressed them-
selves in an address to the President contented with
their new position and hopeful of success.
The cultivation of cotton was extending. Immi-
gration was the topic of general discussion.

DEAPATCH OF THE AMERICAN Yatts.—Yenter-
day the Inman steamer City of Baltimore was despatched
from Liverpool for New York, with mails for the United
States, 70 cabin passengers, and a large cargo. The Quebec
and Montreal Royal Mail steamer Auglo-Stxon will leave
the Mersey for Quebec to-day with mails for Canada and
the United Staten. The box at the Liverpool Nexoltioe
for the receipt of letters intended for this mail will be open
until 1.30 p.m. Late despatches vi& Londonderry may be
forwarded up to 8.30 p.m. without, and until 9.30 p.m.
with late fees of Id. On Saturday the Cunard Royal Mail
Moaner Europa will be despatched from the Mersey for
Boston, with mails for the United States, British North
America, Au. Letters intended for this mail will be re-
ceived at the Liverpool Post-office on Saturday until 1 p.m.
Vi& Queenstown deipatohee may be forwarded until 9.30
p.m. if bearing late fess of 14.

[Stamped, Id. Additional.]