The Express.
London, England, 1852-05-11 00:00:00

GERMANY.

VIENNA, MAY 8.
The Emperor of Russia arrived here at a little
before 2 r.x. to-day.
A police bureau is constituted, under the dirt et
supervision of the Emperor of Austria, with Field-
Marshal Lieut. Kempen at its head.

ITALY.
THE CRISIS IN TUSCANY.
FLORENCE, APRIL 27.
A paper on the ministerial crisis, attributed to the
pen of a distinguished member of the Tuscan bar,
and printed for private circulation, has excited hire,
within the last few days, a great sensation. The
crisis to which it refers is a serious one, and no one
can yet tell how it will end. In England it would
end at once. with a commission of lunacy ; for there
can be no doubt of the infirmity of brain of our
Grand Duke; but here, a prince with a mind sunk
into a state of hopeless imbecility, and played upon
by knaves, is unfortunately in a position to destroy or
put in peril all the institutions with which the pro-
sperity of a million and a half of people has hitherto
been identified.
You remember the attempt made io January to
reconvert ltaphaelo, the heretic umbrella muker, by
sending a body of 20 priests, in their black robes and
with lighted candles, to surround his bedside when
at the point of death, and will be prepared therefore
to credit the statement, which I assure you is uni-
versally received as a fact io the beat-informed cir-
cles of Florence, that the nervous system of our poor
duke has been acted upon in a similar manner, and
cruelly unstrung by the success which attended the
crafty and criminal experiment. By the use of some
kind of theatrical machinery the Grand Duke has
been made to hear a great noise, and suddenly to see
a vision of the souls of his father and grandfather—
the former in purgatory, the latter in hell. The
soul of the former yet in a position to be saved by
the immediate repeal of the Leopoldine laws, but that
of the latter utterly damned for ever for their origi-
nal enactment.
The Leopoldine laws, for which the grandfather
of the present sovereign received from history the
title of Leopold the Great, settled the constitution
of Tuscany upon the following basis i—lst, the sepa-
ration of church and state, the state being defined to
be a secular power, not interfering with religious
functions, and wholly independent of ecclesiastical
control ; 2nd, the civil equality of all classes; and
3rd, freedom of commerce.
These great principles, recognised and established as
fundamental laws for two generations, are now to be
overturned. Yon can imagine how much is involved
in the change, and the consternation its announce-
ment has occasioned. The first blow falls on the
Jews, and, from what I see of its effects, I think you
Mg rum M. Mazzini that lie may henceforth rely
with eertainty upon what he stands most in need of, tho
sympathy and support of a large section of Hebrew
capitalists. But the excitement of English residents
in Tuscany is even greater than that of the Jews,
for ander the old laws proposed to be restored no
=ant could hold or bequeath property in the
Duchy, excepting at Leghorn, which even un-
der the Medici enjoyed peculiar privileges,and us the
whole neighbourhood of Florcoce, especially on the
Fiesole side, is studded with English villas, I need
not attempt to describe the anxiety with which their
ilproprietors begin to regard our gloomy future.
We are now looking forward to the arrival of Sir
Henry Bulwer. Since the death of Mr. Shell the
interests of England at this court have been only re-
msented by the Secretary to the Legation (Mr.
IScarlett), and great satisfaction is expressed that wo
are, at last, to have an efficient minister. Sir Henry
Bulwer will however, I fear, disappoint the hopes
of those who look to diplomacy for a peaceable ad-
justment of existing differenocs. Soft words will
not induce absolutism and pricsterift to forego an
iota of their pretensiens. Englund must speak in a
high tone : and my conviction is that the ultimate
ratio, both of kings and people, will have to be ap-
pealed to.
The correspondent of the Times of yesterday,
writing from Vienna, refers to a startling pendant
to the Mather case, of recent occurrence here ; but,
as the facts have not been correctly given, I will
supply them. The son of the director of the Bota-
nical Garden, opposite the English Church, inadver-
tently, while reading, ran against an Austrian cr.
poral

trumpets
gm officers nucov—ereti --_ . mass the benedio- not an officer -of rank, as was at first repro-
bon was bestowed upon the colours; a salvo of 100 iented . The unfortunate young man was
gnus was fired; again the drums beat and the imm iately hurried off to the Forterra da
trumpets blew. Theth by all the bands together, Basso, and bastinadoed with such severity
formeg. an orchestra of 1,000 performers, a magni- that ho will remain mutilated for life. Ills
iicent picce.ot sacred music was performed. agonised father hurried to the Chevalier Lan-
The. oommander-in4hief then set his troops in order ducei, the Minister of tho later ior, to demand justice,
to file off, and the colonels of regiments returned with and was coolly told that his complaint could not be
their coolonrs to the head of the troops and the depute- received, as his parental h clings necessarily pro-
tion. Immediately after tho Prince inciunted on vented his taking a calm and unprejudiced view of
horseback, followed by' his staff, and the filing off the ease. From the Minister of the Interior he fur-
dernmenced. It was rather more thari half-past one then went to the Grand Duke, who replied "It is
When the filing off commenced, and before three the useless coming to me. In any doubtful question that
whole msaxeuvre WU finished. Each regiment, as may arise between an Italian and an Austrian, we
before the Prinee cried " Vivo rEmpereur!" must give the decision in favour of the Austrian.'
grlis you may rely, for I waited on the ground, In reference to the Mather case, I observe that one
where 416 despatch was written, until the last regi- of your own correspondents has fallen into an error
went, the 2na Carabineers, had passed. I heard —asauming that it had been set at rest by a pecu-
tho cry distinctly every time the colours of uteri compromise. There has been no compromise,
1 the regiment
_passed and were lowered before nor is there likely
.to be one. The foundation of the
the Prime. There was only ono exception to report was the wish expressed by Lord Grant ills
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this rule, hut that was a highly important one. and Mr. Searlett that the case should be met, as it
Noise of the artillery regiments cried at all. The would have been in England, by an action for da-
regiments that cried loudest "Vivo I'Empereur" were wages, and some discussion haa taken place upon the
the cavalry, particularly tho cuirassier.. The filing amount of damages that should be claimed. Tp this
off commenced with the schools Polytechnic and St. discussion the Tuscan cabinet has put an cud by for.
Cvr. The St. Cyr ran k_at the:pas gyitinnatique, malty refusing to recognise the claim in any shape.
and were loudly applaudfd. Then came the Inca- England is referred to Austria; and Austria scouts
lidos, in blue, all decorated, holding lances with tri- and scorns the very idea of either apology or pt cu-
coloured flags, who made their exit by the gate lead- nary compensation. BritiAt subjects resident in
ing to their flue hoapitaL Next followed the dark Italy are now required to aubluit to the ahrugattion of
masses of the famous ohasseurs de Vincennes, at a every principle of international law, and of all that
trot, who were loudly cheered. Another sight, makes civilised polity to differ from the brwe fere°
which drew applause, was the phalanx of depute- which we bombard and annihilate at Lagos.
Sons, crowded with colours to be taken to the regi- When Mr. Gladstone revealed the horrors of the
wants of the departments. They also out at I Neapolitan dungeons, all Europe cried out 'Lune;
the Invalides gate. Twelve battalions orecTiteurs of yet at Leghorn, the Stratford& were flung, by

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