The Express.
London, England, 1852-11-29 00:00:00

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L .ANDON, MONDAY. NOVBMBER 29.

Fate. Trade having but 53 votes against it in a
house boasting Gal members, we may now consider
our Commercial System to be firmly based upon the
resolution adopted on Saturday morning:—"That
the improved condition of the country, and especially
of the industrious classes, is mainly the result of recent
legislation, which has established the principle of
unrestricted competition, has abolished taxes imposed
for the purposes of Protection, and has thereby
diminished the coat and increased the abundance of
the principal articles of the food of the people. That
this pol icy, firmly maintained and prudently extended,
will, without inflicting injury on any important
interest, best enable the industry of the country to
bear its burthens, and will thereby most surely pro-
mote the welfare and contentment of the people.
But although Free Trade is thus placed beyond
their reach, the Derbyites threaten to give us,
one day this week, some plausible scheme for the
revision of Taxation, under cover of which a snug
operation may be performed for the exclusive benefit
of the Landlord interest. Repudiating Corn-laws and
other direct modes of increasing the rent of land by
legislative enactment, Mr. DIiIIACLI would still hold
out to his feaawers, though in a vague illusive way,
hopes that by some shifting of taxes a compensation
may be given to the owners of land fur the five
millions of yearly rent he alleges they have lost by-
Free Trade. Supposing it to be true—which it is
sot—that any such loss of rental bits occurred to the
owners of agricultural land in this country as a con-
sequence of Free Trade iu articles of food, the short
answer is, that the sum so said to have been
lost, was not their own ; that it was something im-
properly acquired, abstracted, filched from the real
owners—the industrious consumers—and that, if
it has been taken from the landowners, as their
CUANCELLUB, of the EiettEuvea says, their lose is
merely the consequence of a restitution. On their
own showing. then, taking their own premises, the
Protectionist landowners have not a shadow of claim
to compensation out 'el fun& derived from other
people's industry, even had their loss been as real
as it is false. Denying the " justice" of the Free
Trade system they voted for—we must bo on the
watch for the next new trick which may be confi-
dently looked for in the Budget, which is now threat-
ened for Friday next.
A very ample compensation for even larger
lames of rent, than those erroneously stated to have
been sustained by the landed proprietors, has been
afforded in the reduced price of nearly every artic'e in
which the landlords' incomes ere expended ; and we
say, without fear of contradiction, that the position of
every owner of a well-managed and unencumbered
estate is much better now than it was before the re-
peal of the Corn-laws. His rental 'a safer, better paid,
and lees liable to fluctuation from causes beyond the
control of himself and his tenants. His and their cal-
culations are now founded on natural prices ; they have
only to make ordinary business-like estimates of the
variations of seasons and other incidents of farming
occupations, and they can enter into rational and
permanent contracts, by which both parties will give
and receive mutual advantage. It will be said, how-
ever, that few estates in England are well managed,
and that not one landowner in fifty is unencum-
bered. Both statements are perfectly true; bat
then, what grounds do mismanagement and incum-
breams furnish for calling on other people to com-
pensate landowners? On the contrary, it is one of
the most t evils of our territorial system, that
the nomitaffraonwners of estates most improper/
managed are as mischievous to the community ea they
are negligent of their own real interests. Poor
tenants, ill cultivated farms, and half-employed
and demoralised try, are the invariable inci-
dents of encumberedesan
landed property; for which
the landowners, as a class, are wholly sad directly
answerable.

But Mr. lltsnant, in his address to the electors
of Buckinghamshire, told them that, "practically
speaking, in this country, rents have become a re-
turn fir the capital invested in the improvement of
land;" and that " nothing contributes more to the
enduring prosperity of • country than the natural
deposit of its our*a capital in the improvement of
its soil ;" and thempen he amuses that "justice to
the laud " &moth that the taxes of the land-
owners should moos way or other be paid by
the rest of the mammity. Now, this is • pro-
position which deserves to be examined and
elucidated, for it oast be doubted that, in their
Budget, the Danny whelidotratise will make some
Wort to reduce ft Into poetise. And when the
landed proprietors ask for motributious from other
people, either in a tone of name, or of whine, under
the protect of "juries to the had," it barmen as to
inquire whether they themeless &junto to their
laud ; to what extenetheir weenat min eseetkets
the return for any mantel they haw Mead in the
improvement of their hada sad how a this have
encouraged the investmeet of the suedes mided d
the country is whet Mr. astral
&pooh—the inspremeset el the sell?" Maar
tions et these quosaa—by mid esoplimeetwy
to the proprit deessi—he down freer
various quasi&
Perhaps am nnexceptieseble exponents of the
teeth Merman the newer" to web restieti=
cannot be had then the Intelsat
who frees timer iMaitake peat la weekly
dissweions ef the Foment OM They
we ahem to •• mem Pmesearsiers.lley hem been,
and ponibly are, Agana; biases is Lied Duet.
Many of them Male seseglos of kid, pelted by
and Woking up to that seethe of the aid aristoc-
racy of whale Deka if Ilidamosie way be taken
es • type ; and est ra few memo" Man are either
now land•sones sad ahem ehreeht willingly be-
came so. 'Their letereste, aympilhhe, ad their
prepomordees, are all in fame of the
DEASY Goverment and its adherents. the feeesb7
party. Bat
ilyMoe are occupy land or Mee it; they
we esestapsed epee the land MK either te
sell up es ell tenmon sr to Wait a new see. They
her the empleinb ef the tenant-6mm they
en the &his ef viola 'sophist in mamma they
are empolled ley their asesine to bring the
hosted in " leepremeomt tithed," eitlairte
or moat, to the tot ef Awe" Let no then,
the oratorical figures of the Cite:Wl et the
Tentoratain by the plainer, though we wand
Weer 'Albania* Spree of the Femme Club.
The tepie fir dimension at met the meetings of this
deb hashes • carious ceemet on the imesinative
light of the CHANCELLOR 'best the soil formes the
newel deposit of the surplus "vital of tbeenentry
tin oaths being, " To whet extent can bodies&
Ward saledeedal relief to their Maar, he the pee-
aset sontemy, malt Maws sensilerseile
maw egrami r By. the eery tested I=
a the card for discussion, large to of
• we excluded ; and fur the very_-'star rams
MeR the member, of the club, hag postal ass,'
eed leek* only at immediate epsratish, knew
• well ensugh that large outlays of capital by hand-
le/do ere, es the rule, out of the question. They
haw too well that the mina mental of the
country is attracted diarrhea ad everywhere,
rather than to the improvements el band—poetically
said by the Ca uniam.o• of the REMlNCit'elt to be
ire natural deposit. Their daily experience tells
them that the want of capital is the true origin of
swat of the difficulties, past and present, of both land-
lords and tenants. The object of the speaker
who opened the discussion was to show the various
methods by which landowners amid Mat their
tenants without making such outlays in permanent
improvements as were either expressly or impliedly
admitted to be required ; and his suggestions may
be bricdy stated to consisist of such nu to
In the management of the estate by the salad, as
would give to his tenants greater freedoms and
grata,
security to invest their own capital upon his
The course of treatment pursued may bo
galled the soothing system ; the wee being too bad
to admit of a complete cure by any means the leo-

tarsi felt to be sufficiently praWasble and'
immediate, to suit the time. and, ilds andiness.
Bat even in such en assembly as we• kb*
described protest Wla Ena4o4Plag Jock mott;
adequate palliatives, for Mt. WaLioa broadly
his belief, " that many landlords who had left their
estates in a dilapidated condition, bad positively re-
ceived as good rents u they sight have expected
had the cue been otherwise. He knew many estates
on which not a shilling had been laid out for thirty
or forty years, and ho was himself on an estate of
that kind. Laidlorfile had received pro:ectime mom
without having made any proportionate outlay. He
deined that there had been any such lunges of
rentals from improvsmsats, as Lord DEADY kad at-
tributed to lan oda' eatlays• and be asserted that
'not one landlord in fifty had expended one per
cent " on their rentals in improvements, and that by
tar the greater part of the burden of improvement,
where any had been made, had fallen on the tenants.
And he added that nine-tenths of the fiirmsof England
were at that moment nearly untenable, owing to
the bad condition of the buildings. He also ex-
pressed an opinion that the tenants would gaily
find capital for draining and many other improve-
meats if they had sufficient security afforded them by I
the terms of their contracts with their landlords.
.Ind though some demur to the.. out-spoken truths
was afterwards made by other speakers; and some I
fault was perhaps justly found with the conduct of
the tensatry in their dealings with landlords; in the 1
main, the dissentient speakers confirmed every one
of Mr. Hat:ma's statements. And with local and
occasional limitations we know them to be true. Mr.
Stomas' also referred to an estate purchased by Mr.
Pero, ILP. for Norwich, and which as long as it
remained in the hands of the old owners,
was undrained, and there were tumble-down
buildings, which were seldom repaired, the rule
being when the tenant asked for repairs to offer him
a reduction of rent. The estate having passed into
Mr. Pero's hands he had, by the ass of money
and intelligence, put it into good order, and good
returns may be fairly anticipated. Mr. SiDtite
enumerated three requisites to successful bus-
bandry wherein tenants and landlords are at pre- I
sent greatly wanting that tenants should know
their rights; that they should dare to maintain
them; and that landlords should have " snfficient
money and intelligence to effect improvements.'
Mr. F. Howls stated that there " could be no
doubt that the great difficulty is farming in the pre- I
sent day was want of capital. In many cases neither I
landlord nor tenant had capital at command." And
much more to the same effect might be cited from
that and other farmers' discussions. Wherefore
do we refer to these things, which are as clear
as the sun at noonday to all who are not wilfully
blind ? Simply to meet the insidious suggestions I
on which the Drone Ministers have now to
rely for deluding the farmers and others in-
wrested in land when seeking to impose on the
public purse some part of the obligations properly I
incident to landed property. Every honest investi-
Ration into the circumstances and management of 1
landed estates will prove that rents for the most part i
are not the return for capital invested by the pro-
prietors, but rather the result+ of the competition for
farms, and of the efforts of tenant farmers to culti-
rate farms under conditions by no means favourable ; ;
that by tho course of management adopted by
the landlords as a clam, capital is practically diverted
from, not attracted to, the improvement of the soil. I
What is now most wanted for the advancement of
agriculture is, that sort of rational and business-like
attention to their own interests, on the part of land- ;
lords and tenants, which our traders and manufac-
torero have applied with so much success to their
own concerns. All the Legislature can usefully ac-
complisk for the landed interests is to reform
those remnants of barbarism, the semi-feudal laws, I
which fetter and trammel landed property. I
For the rest, landowners and their tenants must
eschew all notions of ;protection and special aid, but,
—proceeding on the sound commercial principle of not
holding more land than they respestively can pro•
perly improve or cultivate,—they must rely solely on
their own exertions for their own mean. Above all,
let farmers turn the deaf ear to all tiejoggling mysti-
Ai:stir:me of the Derbyites, which as only serve to
divert attention from the real difficellise of their posi-
tion and tie true raseadise foe wok difficulties. Such
ogees mutt after all. and in nothing but irritation
and disappointment to themselves. and strife and
contention with the rest of the emanninity. The
farmers do not sued " eampeasetiee • from other
people's pockets, bet judos ken their landlords;
and this must be bore* in mind all who are look-
ing out for the crotchets wkleh Mr. DlBlll.llll is
likely to turnout of his lug-premised Budget.

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