The Express.
London, England, 1852-04-15 00:00:00

THE EXECUTION AT HO]

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY

: lA. . • * 1 . .to
then •444 . -• • 1 yr, vri . . ann.-
.. 11 ..,. ' we " • tin . • ng,
the/ 4. Ardis " ••• . • • features . our
public executions h imperatively dsnsnded by every
Meting of humanity and justice. • .
Yours, tic., Z.

_FRANCE.

PAM% Tararlsbrr EV/Ulll5O.
The Messitear bray annoesses that by a decree of
the government, deled on the 12th inst., three pro-
hears of the College of Fusee, MM. Michalek
Edgar Quinet, and Adam Mkkiewicz, have been
dismissed from their chairs This step has bass
taken by virtue of the perms esarped by the =NW
tire in the decree of Matadi 9, which destrepaiffile
privileges and independence of the unless*, and
made the government eels arbiter in all queffisaa
touching the administsadinefthis great touhui gasps.
Even under the roon=ttesintstry esuld on ly sew
pond the lecturesof a battbepe6asorhummlf
was only amenable to his peers. The governmset
might shut up his lours; but if the omen of his
colleague approved of his conduct, and held his
doctrine sound and wholesome, he continued to re-
ceive his salary, notwithstanding the suspension of
his active reactions. Thus, intrenclied within its own
privileges and self governed, the university offered
that guarantees for liberal and enlightened instruc-
tion, w ch are indispensable in a country where the
work of education is undertaken and paid for by the
dabs. But the grand feature of this institution was
, that the independence of its members formed the
stressed bulwark against the encroachments of the
Remo catholic priesthood. Among the foremost of
these prolmsors who combated the progress of je-
suitism under the auspices of Louis Philippe's pro-
testant minister, M. Guizot, who favoured the Son-
derbund in Switzerland, and turned from England
te seek alliances in Austria and Spain, was M. Mi-
&Diet, member of tho Institute. Everybody remem-
bers the great popularity of M. Michelet's lectures
at the College de France in 1847, and the
immense run of his pamphlet on " Priests,
Women, and Families." M. de Salvandy, the minister
of public instruction, thegOt fit at that time to sus-
pend the lectures of M. Mthelet on account of the
excitement and enthusing* which they produced in
the crowded audienesk and the fermentation which
Mewed out of doors. Put the independence of the
wthemley probated its members, and out of a jury
etgvitssars. who were called to pronounce upon
the requisition of the government against MM.
Misimiet sad Quinnet, 20 rated in favour of their
seemed colleagues. Even, in order to effect the
serpeosion of their lectures, the minister had
remorse to the indirect measure of restricting
their met. After the revolution of February
1848, . Michclet and Quinet were allowed to
re-open their lectures, which they did amid enthusi- GERMANY.
antic applause. But the government of Louis Napo-
leon gave the signal for the resuscitation of Jesuit-
THE NEW AUSTRIAN PRIME MINISTER.
ism; and the law of public instruction carried under
the ministry of M. di Falloux, and inspired by M. A telegraphic dispatch, in the Cologne Gazette,
do Montalembert, gave full scope to the pnesthood to dated Vienna, April 12, says :
seize the direction of the public mind. It was visible " The minister of the interior, Von Bach, is named
that the universal dismissal of primary teachers sus- chief of the council of ministers. This nomination
ported of inculcating socialism, would be soon followed has produced a favourable impression here."
by a blow at the highest teachers, whose lectures
still dared to inculcate the principles of civil and THE ZOLLVEREIN.
religious liberty. No sooner had the President BERLIN, Aran. It.
provided himself with what was styled an interim Not only the ministerial organs, but even opposi-
ttrrpp to M. Gifted, the minister of public tion journals, endeavour to persuade their readers
was .added the task of striking M. that-Prussia, by its wisdom, moderation, and firm-
Midpilet. It came magma that the predmort instead ness, is triumphing over Austria's machinations in
et tit Intim is the year, only gave nineteen; the Zollverein question. They announce the result
{hat iii pupils wale riotous • that M. Michelet was of the Darmstadt conference of ministers from the
Spasm of horsey and sedition, rather than reli- south as a fresh homage to Prnssia's ascendancy.
Om s mel. ia Jae, by lectures were closed by the The resolutions passed at Darmstadt were, it ap-
gemeommt. This time the great majority of the pears, that the Zollverein, with the accession of
whose liberal principles had Hanover and Oldenburg, be prolonged under its
pro-
resil;= by the disasters of February, sent protectionist tariff; with the modifications supu-
Fomenter against him. But, after the coup d'Atat of lated in the treaty of 7th September, measures being
Dec. 2, they found that the same hand that had at the same time taken for at once facilitating the
@truck their colleague was directed against them- intercourse, and preparing a customs union with
salves. On the 9th March the liberties Ind inde- Austria. Because no southernstate proposes to se-
redeem of their corporation were confiscated ; and cede from the Zollverein, and because no prieclosfet
all barriers ware removed that held aloof the direct separate southern "customs union has been
influence of the government in vitiating and pervert- therefore Prussia's policy has triumphed. But why
ins the sources el public education. should any southern protectionist states secede, when
IL Maki/mice is professor of the Sclavonic lea- Prussia, in order to conciliate and keep them toge-
ther, tempts a tariff which carries protection to the
A few days age there took place a contest for the highest practicable pitch, and contents the most ar-
place or physician te a tal. After several ere- rant protectionists? The present tariff actually re-
minationi the candidates iecLrcd that M. Itlarquet, duce the importation of manufactured articles
Opinion of Omend Levantine, commander-in-chief to a mere trifle, with the exception of iron
of the national guard, sad of M. Vieyra, colonel of and twist ; and the protectionist leaders well
the stidk bad been favoured by the examiner, not- know that an increase of the tariff rates would
withstanding his evident inferiority. These six can- only increase the opposition and endanger their sr-
didates then retired frost the contest, and wrote a tem without increasing their gains. Prussia teen-
collective letter to the secretary-general of hospitals, flees its own real interests in order to content them ;
stating their resolution, and hinting the motive of they can demand no more. The conclusion of the
the same. Thus the mane of power is such as to Hanoverian treaty without previously consulting the
vitiate the independence of free profession. colleagues in the Zollverein rather alarmed and
In consequence of M. Martin de Strasbourg's re- amazed the latter, because they feared that Prussia
fusel to take the oath of fidelity to Louis Napoleon, was about to commence a line of resolute and inde-
it is reputed that there is serious intention o atrik- pendent commercial policy as dictated by . its
ing hint at once from the roll of advocates of the own interests; but at present these apprehensions
Court of Caseation. and preventing him from avail- having been allayed, tho protectionist states are of
hog himself of his privilege to Dallis office. course in their hearts very content with a treaty
It is said that the President refused to admit the which not only gains for protectionist rule a consider-
,Prince de Canino to a personal interview, in cone- able acquisition of territory, but also puts down the
quence of the giddiness of his behaviour at Genoa, Hanoverian system of low financial duties, the bone-
where he visited the mother of Mazzini, and affected tidal effects of which were always. referred to by the
a revolutionary demeanour. M. Charles Bonaparte free-traders as practical proof against protectionism.
was therefore obliged to explain his business to the The supporting point of Prune's former position,
chef du cabinet. his repulse is thought a concession which enabled it to hold the southern protectionists
to the injured dignity of the Pope, in despite of in cheek, was the threat or adopling the low financial
whose delegate the Prince of Canino landed at tariff system, and forming a ease -with Hanover and
Civita Vecclua. the Hanse Towns, having the command of the sea-poets
M. Napoleon Bonaparte, son of Jerome, is occupied and the great rivers. This mossoteue strategical point
at present with the formation of a society of credit Prussia has gratuitously destroyed; it has broken
lower for Corsica. off the bridge in its rear, and bungled itself into such
Marshal Gerard is dangerously ill. an untenable situation, that even without a Mot
The following is a complete list of the senators being fired, it will be forced to surrender at &e re-
who are to receive dotations, some of whose names tion and enter the Austrian union, to which the vv.
only were lately given by the Debate: In the first is being so industriously cleared. And in face at A.
=, who are to have 30,000 fr. a year, are this, Prussian journals vaunt the triumphs of Prue-
Berasuay d'Hilliers, Count de Castellane, sia's policy! This reminds one of the Irish soldier
commanding the army of Lyons, General d'Hanotil, who boasted of having taken a prisoner, and was
the greed rairesadsry of the Senate ; General St. afterwards obliged to confess that Lis captive would
Arnaud, Miter at War ; General Magnau, nom- neither come along with him nor allow him to joist
mending the army el Paris; General d'Ornano, a his comrades.
cousin of Louis' N ; General Pelet, command- The Vienna congress on commercial relations hal
44=s on
ant of the Pol school ; General Petit, who not been able to OW an agreement for the redo.s
was embraced the Ilsepercr at Fontainebleau ; Oen. tion of transit duties. The minutes oontain a sums
Privet, a gerund of the expire; General Plat, ode- mary motes whielsettles the question as follows I
_ breed for having ecemem a chm, awl "On amount of the connexion between the transit
the famous society Id the 10th re , masa duties and the river deea a reduction of transit duties
by M. de larderie the delisty af Mx Thema could not Woe place But why could not rivet
"Coquina" MX. Mom Mildew of Menses; De dues be missed to moderate MIL merely
Owaseilhakflumsrly Wake et public instrustion ; for keeping the rivers navigable P And wl=
8081.4119 ~ estempressetative of the pee- treneit dude be levied en goods which do net pelf
pleat eerese, Mieleter of Plane Weeks ; by river ?
Nea de Mersa& member el the Mort Sine. 1848, not only.the doss on the gust &hies.
of CaseatiiorajdeaPrinee de Meskows • Lutist Murat, wig-Holstein canal, jotnin the North ilea with the
already with audition from anedwr aurree; Beide, had been Mends 119, the seeds
Duke St. Simon, a peer of Louie Philippa ;of assessing them had best very womb
M. Thibeandean, councillor of state under the em- The Schleswig' minute km falltrissa tht=
pire, a member of the Commotion under the revolu- rates, and, what is *till VIM, the old re
lion, and one who voted far the mention of Louis which tender it necessary to step every Mil=
XVI. In the mead eategcry, who are to have three days for the purpose of overhauling lei=
20,000 fr. a year, Gmerele Aehard, as Bar, and lies- instead of despatching it in a few hours. Thu
eta, known in the Wslative Assembly as the white government has an interest in impeding the am*.
" ratapoile ;" the_
Lahitte, General Schramm, tion of the canal, in order that ships may go by way
lbessarl Minister at War ; Admiral Hugon, M. of the Sound, and pay the dues there levied.
a peer of Louis Philippe's; M. The Prussian protectionists complainer unfair plat
Elie de Beeement, member of the Aim- at the Frankfort Congress. In order to hog pod
deny el ilsieseas; M. Dumas, formerly Minis- Mends with the Prussian ministry, they Wind le,
tes of Camera ; IL Manuel, ex-representative ; avoid, in the resolutions premed, express maths el
IL dapey, • deputj under Louis Philippe; M. Trop- preparing the union with Austria. The votes were
lam a member el the Court of Caseation ; M. Viol- 40 to 38 in favour of the resolutions as framed by
tutor to Louis Napoleon; M. Leverrier, mem- the l'russians; the president. Prince liohenlohe,
bee of the Instifttte; and M. Heeckeree, an intimate claimed for two honorary members present the right
of the Birk. 3. Category who are to receive of voting, whereby the ayes and noes whore 'quer
16,0006 a year; Vice-Admirals Casey and Parses' limed, when he gave the casting veto in favour of a
Dinshhies, and M. Goulhot do St. Germain, ox- resolution investing him with discretionary power
representative. As you will observe, the military have to agitate at once for the union with Austria Wee
the largest part of these dotations. Intimate personal the Zollverein is re-established. The Prussian meni-
friends of Louis Napoleon, and those whofor the last hers are sodiscontented with this proceeding,that they
two years have rendered personal services by serving have retired from the general German league, and
the secret policy of the President, and contributing to will form a separate Prussian league.
divide and ruin the Assembly, while they openly 1 The agitation in Prussian Saxony, against raising
protested their devotion to that body, have in the the excise on beet-root sugar„is growing rely
next place been largely recompensed. Almost all active. The leaders have memorialised the ministry,
the principal ex-ministers have received dotations. I saying that, as the government of its own will in-
The amount already saddled upon the public purse duced them to invest large capital in tho manatee-
for these rewards is 90,000 fr., or early one million,' tune of boot-root sugar, it has no right to withdraw
per annum, and much more in all probability will . protection without giving full indemnification, and
speedily follow. providing for the large population now dependent
The government organs announce that among tho on the business. Ten years ago, when only ten
measares to be shortly submitted to the Corps 'owl's- thousand tons of sugar were made in the Zollvercin,