The Press.
London, England, 1853-12-10 00:00:00

RECENT AMERICAN INVENTIONS.

Two recent American inventions have been brought
out which have excited very great interest. Talbot's
tannelling machine " has been tried, with complete
success; and it has been demonstrated that moun-
tains of primitive stone and the hardest rocks in the
earth can be successfully and economically tunnelled
by the agency of steam, applied to this new invention.
The slow and expensive process of perforating by the
drill and blast will be thrown aside. In the trial
exreriments the machine, moved by a steam-engine.
cut an excavation of seventeen feet in diameter
through the hardest rock at the rate of about three
fret in two hours. The process consists in cutting
ant crushing the rock by means of rotating discs of
steel, in successive series, which describe in their
movement segments of circles from the centre to the
circumference of the tunnel, with a gradual motion
around the common centre ; while the steam-engine
is constantly pressing the machinery on a direct line
with the axis of the tunnel. The newest and most
extraordinary feature of the application of this power
consists in the combination of ditlerent sets of discs,
which act upon the entire surface to he excavated by
a system of gradation perfectly regular, and by a
power that is irresistible. The machine, which
worked most satisfactorily, is made entirely of iron,
and weighs about seventy Jive tons, exclusive of the
engine and boiler. One of the most interesting
features of the experiment was when the machine
began to cut the rock in an oblique direction, for it
was observed that those discs or arms which were
cutting the stone moved with the seine facility that
those did which wore playing in the air. 6 redually
the cutters described their curve, the great face-plate
of seventeen feet constantly revolved, throwing out
WO drawing back its arms with complete regularity,
seizing and crushing the rock with irresistible power.
Only four men are required to work this machine to
the greatest advantage; and two of them confine
their attention to the engine which propels it. There
is no necessity for suspending the work day or night,
except for those intervals when the cutters have to
be sharpened, or new ones substituted. The amount
of time and expense which is saved by the operation
is almost incredible. This machine evidently supplies
a want which has been felt in every department of
civil engineering. It will revolutionise tho whole
system of railway construction, and is regarded as one
of time most wonderful inventions of any age.
The second invention belongs to a class of con-
trivances for subaqueous operations, upon which,
ever since the days of Fulton the American, ingenuity
has been industriously expended. The following
description of the new instrument is given by an eye
witness of its performance:—
The machine is of peculiar construction, being in
fact a mechanical nautilus, having the power of a-•
cent and descent at will, entirely independent of
suspension. In connection with the machine at the
surface is a reservoir of condensed air, which, ac-
cording to depth of water, may contain from 201 b to
1101 h. pressure of air to the square inch. This com-
pression is produced by a powerful pump, capable of
throwing I,ialo cubit, feet of air per hour. By
an interior arrangement of tanks, tte., a variable
buoyancy may he given to the machine, capable of
lifting weights of ten or more tons. It can be held
in suspension at any point of ascent or descent ; thus
allowing stones to be raised clear from the bottom,
then transported and deposited in any precise spot.
Movement is made in any direction by a series of
three cables and anchors, worked from the inside.
Ascent and descent are effected in a most rapid man-
lier. This facility of descent, change of buoyancy,
and power of movement under water, render this ma-
chine of great value for all submarine purposes. The
whole bed of a liver may be explored from bank to
bank. Treasure, pearl shells, corals, sponges, and
all products under water, may be easily gathered and
sent to the surface without requiring the machine to
rise. An arrangement of the machine permits the
digging of trenches under water, by which telegraph
wires and water pipes may be placed below the
reach of anchors. I: emulations of piers mny be pre •
pared, and then built upon, obviating all cranework
for raising or lowering stone, as all work of lifting,
nateie.: Oepositine is done by the machine
itself. An arrangement is also Inmate for attaching
oamels to sunken ships, in order to raise them by ap-
plying points of support directly to the timbers of
the ship. In a word, the power of condensed air,
acting as a motor, does the whole work, merely re-
quiring two men inside and one at the surface to
manage it. The dimensions of this machine are
eleven feet greatest diameter in the centre, and
eight feet at top and bottom : height, eight feet ;
opening in bottom to work through, four feet. The
descent is attained by moving a single valve; as-
cent: by MOVillg QM air anti cue water +the. The

THE PRESS.

safety of this machine is great, as, cutting off the air.
pipe, ascent can be obtainea by ►ix ditterent_motte.
ili one minute.

THE MEMBERS FOIL NORTH WARWICK-

suinE.

THE animal meeting of the Rugby and Dunchurch
Association, held last week in the tanner town, ter-
minated with a dinner, at which the two members
for the northern division of the comity, Messrs.
Newdegate and Spooner, were the principal guests.
In the course of the evening Mr. t'aldeeott, who
officiate] as chairman in the absence. from indispo-
sition, of Lord .101 m Scott. the president of the
association. proposed the health of the honourable
members, adding:—

" If honesty of iburissie, great talents, and consistency of
principle and action void.' entitle any 11101 to the confidence
and respect of a constituency. he war Nitre the representa•
tires for North Warwiekshire had that claim. and he hoped
the titue woes far distant when this county would lose tin.ir
services."

The toast was drunk with three times three cheers,
and three time `•one cheer more."

Mr. Nt:worii ATE was tirA to respond. Ile

Tho repi.ated marks of contblonco wllirh ho bail 11,
ceived during the ten ear he hail hail the honour of
representing North 11 an ickshire de, ply impressed him
with a sense of the kindness of his friends, and of his own
wsponsibilit vas one of the representatives of I most in-
telligont and important enlist it miney. Ile hoped his ttttt ur•
able colleague and himself had maintained their consistency
by an undeviating adherence to those principles upon which
they were returned to Parliament; and their haying done
so certainly did afford them sour claim to credit. consider-
jug the variety of circumstances and the difficulties under
which members of Parliament had frepwntly of late years
to pursue their public course."
The hon. member then proceeded to review, cur-
sorily, the principal features in the business of the
last session of Parliament, remarking that Lord
itoehy's t:overnment had been displaced by a coalition
of most opposite politicians. He continued :

"If the essence uieonstitutimml government was emu-
prised in the collision of different opinions, then the present
Goveniment comprised within itself enough differesnese, set
opinion to entitle them to credit as forming a constitutional
Government. The Cabinet was a miniature Parliament,
but its mosiabeni appeared to have essille to 11 lul meat
110011611116111, and that was, however much they might
ender, never to di% itle. Eventful as the last *elision had
proved, it was 1155 W a matter of history. It would fol.&
has to light our battiest sever spin. Financially, the
session was important ; the tariff hots been reused, in
accordance with modern notions of political economy ; we
have seen the Chancellor of the. Exchequer make a present ,
of some :119 N r 1/. a year to the Times, by the redaction Metal).
or) sotpplements, for which no one can say that the Timex
has been ungrateful ; we have seen the right hon. gentlemen
purcluise a renewal of the 111(4411e tax for seven )tsairs by
gratifying thos Radical party, t.O V1114114e prejudiers he tam-
cesoleil the ilopositioli sofa rilleeeliSioll tax upon real property,
already burdened with 1.1,01)0,000/. of 'swat and geitertil
tAXlttiUll to which other property doses lost einitrilonte ; we
have Well the Chancellor of the Exelospter attempt the
conversion of part of the national debt by a measure which
has proved no !espial failure than my boon. esollo segue predicted.
The recess also Los not boon without its subjects of public
interest. Notwithstanding the llussminania of loon' Aber•
deer), and the llussiew writing of the 'Timm public opinion
has manifested itself strongly in favour of England
waiu-
tllllllllg what is called the Lettuce of power in Europe—not
"estimating this lleoliterninesan to Lel:011ie a Russian, Its in
former days she would not allow it to lasetotne. a French,
lake. It is lost always, unhappily, the ease that the dietaries
of honour used of intesisest point in the ',Mlle direction.
That the honour of England is pledged to the defence. of
an ally who, Loa fuse )ears faithfully notintainisol the frssdonu
serous. overland eummiunication with India, and the freedom
of our commerce to the East, not man can doubt ; and he
would defy the most inveterate devoitels to prsunds, ithillhigg,
and pence to doulut that the materiel interests of England
are deeply pledged to the defence. of Turkey—the 0111 y
European' power which has to the full reciprocated the
wiliaton liberality of our esuuttwreiul policy. bet the• man
of pr) ha. shillings, and pence but east his eyes down the
tariffs of Russia and Turkey, he will find that. while. the
duties imposed by Russia upon our principal articles of s••.-
port vary from 1111 to 100 per neut., upon all these Turkey
levies duties of about three per cent., and will utiolewstanol
the reason why the declares' value of our exports to litismiso,
after having for years declined, have fallen by half, from
2,1t41,1911. in ltd!! to 1,111111,11171. in 1851—a value not espial
to that of the 7:1:1,7:04 quarters eof wheat, at :'Os. per quar-
ter, which we took from Russia in that year of abundance,
while she took no produce or niantaftwturea of entre in re-
tuna for all the tallow, latrine, and other merchandise she
bent us; he will unolerstatool why our expt•rta to Turkey
and her desposiolelocies. Syria and Palestine. Moldavia used
Wallachia, have increased by a third since Pet 6 ; awl if he
need an indication of what Russia will do with respect to
our voteinseree, if she succeed in °Mai ii i l cominanol of the
commercial Recess to the VIVA of the Metliterrllliellll,
he
may find it in the futile remonstrances suldressed to the.
Russian I Government by our ithilihtertt stet since Russia
obtained possession front the Turks of the Sufism mouth of
the I lauube, the free passage of which is always of great
importance for the transruiseion of those supplies of grain
to this country whit la our fieeutratle uleasmies have fleece.
sitatrol. While the 'Turks had possession of this outlet of
the llauube, they kept a peewee through the tar dear with
a depth of from sixteen to eighteen feet of water by iv very
l'intple process of thetlging : but the Iltno,ions lime wilfully

749

refused to do this, and now there are not more than aloe
feet of water over the bar, to the continual interruption of
navigation and the restriction of the supply of grain. No
commercial man 'weds further evidence as to its bring the
clear interest of England to sustain the Turks in 'avows-
sion of their rightful territory. Ruch facts as throw have
not been wasted upon England. The cowardly advice of
\I r. Yodeler. who no longer talks of crumpling up Russia,
but. now that the t '/Itr is fairly intent upon aggression, world
rather see I onstantinople in his bandit than make an effort
to save our only European' ally, who events his OMR disciple,
anal has turned Freetntaler hl earliest, frent a
has fallen dot upon the ear of the people of }:ngt:eil, who
have not forgotten \lr Cobden's thousaraltitnee reiterated
pn,mises of perpetual (+441,11444a when the corn laws were
repealed. Twice within sic years of the repeal 44 the corn
laws hat e the pa lees of wheat risen to ;ea. per quarter.
Alas for tlw vanity of the Auti,Cont Law Lavoie pro.
phecies! Verily they ae being diseolliteal in Manchester
itself, of which l will give you a fair indwation. AI. loud
of • e hat sent Hie ti placard which het% extenaively
p,asted up in Maisel", sier. The placard devise...4l that the
League's Lig loaf was and rialieuleel the failure of the
1,411-ftte".l4l"l'hede" of Phlity• Now, this doetionlit slid
not eunuutte nom N... 1;, 111,1 Howl street, ur nvon the
South Neu bons' ; they are closed. It is a Maneliester pre
l'lte ilvaisiem of the eoni•law Twat* dill lint
rest with those who agreasl with him. it was not for thenr
to roltell it ; bolt he ►i lit they might point to this
plitearal of Manchester manufacture, and ask their neigh-
theirs elf the working dosses, who were tutored into the
belief that we desired to starve them for our ',wit henetit,
whether they Might Mat hate giVell them erealit for s.. e•
thing besides mere aeltlalmess when they wanted them
Hutt the eels al 44 the corn Imes would entail wwilletlons in
the price of wheat—lit one time ye sultmg in the Tuition*
depression of the agrieulinrists, at another bringing all the
severitv of i,i.un eseen scarcity to 11E11E011 the 1100rer claw's
of the eolttlit,."
After entering into it variety of statistical returns
mid illustrations, showing that the quoit* of represen-
tatives as left by the Iteraarm Bill of 114:11 was moat
unfair and tineatiml Inwards the county eitatinitmeirii,
Mr. Newilegitte declared in conclusion that
he stet not IttlXiOtet for a new Reform Hill, Espeeiatir
as it %tea to illumine from the authors of the last, bat It.'
was rotsiuced that 1)11.1.e is maple 1110111 f..r 11
.0110441m*
reform, if undertaken in an lamest 'mint of ealin
lion—that the counties and the agricultural leanly hare
many claim* fear adjust nwiii in their favollr. Above all, ha
Wits sail...ilea that the OM. eiltll4lo to he 111\ttitieti is that which,
by causing s blind excitement, eon afford cover for the *pea •
twine ion of injustice by the would ht. Ugh I Widell
I:efor111 Intl were proposal he' shout(' Is, prepared
rulutly to tAi iiii i its fi% iSi°llS, and to glitile't by the
I....uait of tliat a unalitantio, in the couple he blight rill it
lis .1,11% to linen.', by Wilieh he teetotal not to 6,rfeit the
1-!0""1 opinion and the kindness of llw inetubcol of the
Rugby Assesiation."
SeaooNun afterwards rose ntnid the general
greeting of the isonpany. The hon. 1116.1111,4.1• con.
tossed that. tho wind had been completely taken out
his sails, so far as related to the making of a speech,
by the long anti aMe address of his hon. colleague, in
whose view Pi he had Only to empress his general cult-
ettrrence:—

He ..woeceoleol to vinaivide %Jib limo' oilv,olll* cold elm.
optenee the necessity of making the native inthistry of the
fly iu all it the primary object of legoll'ol by
the Legiabottire, deprecating the slu roseltilsj xllll helaKis
volley of ltoommin, aloof urged the claim» of Tub kry as our
natural and best ally ; lout took (occasion, at the Willie lime,
too drop Willie Seri. MS hints for the consideration ash thisusi
who. might he entlosisieratie low aloe, oilmen mg that, under
pair portent n14111(410) I/Skin, it ti 5511151 be iiiiv.5511.151 los
early sill a Nar Gar tine year. lle reinctioltert..l lust
nud that in one year 1:14 1,01i11,t Mall. wax raised ta support that
51III*. They all knew abet they hilll to pay in order to ealrae
the regent !ot NM It Inf. a year, mill he put it to them whether
they thought the 4... wary was in a mit utilises or in a temper
to contribute nearly three time that arlm,mut. If thin
country became involved in of war, Wilt had 1100 better ma.
nager of its exchequer than its present I lonticelloor, it
would soon tied out how great it lolibblotkob had 13.1.81 etiur
milled. Hitherto. Australian gold loud prevented the
natural results of the abartlhpllllle lit of the pootectise 1.5 le
tem. AN to the question of is foam, lie doubted laica• .
that would vottoe to oso.)thing Just o.t, helloing that the
ioN ylllllll.O would haveenough e 11... t0..10. lf, however, it
should be brought roomed, hi» mini maw mole up not to
oppose any measure of reform, lint to rote for oiling litho
committer with a view of giving to all the great interests
of the c try that influence in the teprehentationi . which
they were ent cherre.)"

AT the half yearly meeting of the Bank of Austra-
la4ia held on Monday the report of the directors was
unanimously adopted. Tlie chairman ( ()liver
Ferrer) ivferred to the diviilend or fifteen per eent.
•leelareol in (tetober as indicating the progress or
and stated that, in addition to the increased
amount of profits which the hoard had been enabled
to distribute, tome progress had been made in the
formation of a guarantee fund, towards which it ia
anticipated that in .lure next 21m1,n(141/. Mill be found
applicable. '1 he operations of the bank have latterly
become enormously aimmented, and have hithi rto
been conducted without a single important Imo) from
had debts. According to the latest advicc» from
Sydney the circulation had increased in the interval
between October and July front 059,00/. to 91:1,0001. ;
the advances from 971,000?. In 1.va10,400/,: end the
deposits from 1,100,1XX)f. to :1;144111,10

750

PRISON STATISTICS IN MIDDLESEX.

THE following statement, compiled from offieial re-
turns, shows the result of the year ending Mielmel-
lUM last, with the number of prisoners committed,
and other incidents of the preceding tweh•emonth :
HOUSE of Coaaec•rlox, IiDATH•FIEI.I)4.

Prisoners committed in the course of the year,
14,450. The greatest number of prisoners at any one
time was on the 30th of August, when there were in
prison, 1,345. Number of prisoners who hail been
committed before—once, 1,740 ; twice, 508; three
times, :172 ; four times and more, 411. Puniqhments
for offences committed within the prison—whippings,
; in irons, 21; solitary confinement, 177 • other
punishments, 10,912. Total additional punisloments
in the year, 11,135. Cases of sickness in the year,
405 ; greatest number of sick at one time, 42; deal is,
24. Weekly cost of the prisoners per head, ls. to
2s. Od. The total number of commitments is
less than that of last year by 771. During the
year 5,304 persons were discharged without having
been reported or punished ; 1,552 were reported only
once; 759 were reported twice; 345 were reported
three times; 170 were reported four times i • while
some few greatly exceeded that number. The daily
average number of prisoners was 1,111 ; and the
daily number of punishments, two and two-thirds
per cent. Prisoners under daily instruction, 141.
Of the 323 who were discharged front the schools
during the year, 50 who were linable to read or write
on admission had learned to read with tolerable ae-
curacy, and a largo proportion were fair profit:lents
in writing.
Honor or Cootarro:rioN, WENTMINKTEII.

Prisoners committed in the course of the year,
7,l$U; the greatest number in prison at one time,
sss. Number of prisoners who had been committed
before—once, 1,1043; twice, UBl4 ; three times, 351;
four times and more, 1,1475. Punishments for offences
committed within the prison—whippings, 1 ; in
handcuffs, M ; solitary confinement, 1-16 ; other pun-
ishments, 0,151. Total additional punishments,
9,507. Cases of sickness in the year, 3,5-16 ; greatest
number of sick at one time, 16; (lentils, 11. Thu
daily number of prisoners was 750. Weekly cost of
the prisoners, Is. 1141. per betel. Number of pri-
soners who received instruction in the schools during
the year, 413, of whom Is 7 were unacquained with
the alphabet at their entrance, and 53 knew nothing
beyond their letters. Of this number 1914 learned to
read and write ; and of these who could only read a
little when received MI could read and write tolerably
well on their discharge. 161 boys and women had
been received into reformatory institutions, in addi-
tion 140 51 toys sent there by tioverinnent. 7,11+11
prisoners passed through the prison dining the year.
The per-tentage of sickness did not exceed 31 per
cent., and there had been only n 4 important eases of
illness. Births in the prison, 24.
lloust: eF 1/v.TEsTios, CLERKENWELL.

Primmer% committed during the year, 7,990; the
greatest number of prisoners at one tinie,l9l. Num-
ber of prisoners who have been committed before—
once, 290; twice, !+5 ; three times, 111; four times
and more, 13. Punishments for of within the
prison—whippings, nil ; in irons, nil ; solitary con-
finement, 79; other punishments, 197. Cases of
sickness during the year, It t 4; greatest number of
sick at one time, 9 ; deaths, 2. The daily average
number of ptisoners was 115. Weekly cost of the
prisoners, Is. 11d. per head. During the year 35
females were committed charged with having at-
tempted suicide, of whom 24 were given up to the
care of relatives or friends, 5 admitted into 'imitable
asylums, 5 into workhouses, and 1 disrliarged on
rc-
e:antination. There was a decrease in the number
committed this year of 192 ; and the number ilis•
charged by gaol deliveries was 99, 'wing 33 more
than last year. The number of 7,090, rommitted
during this year, were thus divided—mules, 5,969;
females, 2,291.

IT appears that the amount to Le remitted to this
country by Russia for dividends, .t-e., dining the next
four months will livobably bit from :timmioni to
VOA W., or nearly one-half the total which has just
been summarily removed. The two Russian loan,
known in the London market are the Five per Cents.
of ft4'4l. for 0,500.01101.; and the Four.ataa Italy
per Cents, of Is4o, for :1,5410,01141/., of which latter
220,000/. has been redeemed. The proportion of the
former still held in this country cannot be timwer.
tained, but it is supposed to be large. The half..
yearly dividends on the two fall due respectively on
the Ist of January and the lst of March next, and
will amount to about 250,1100/., while a further sum
of 110,000/. is required in January for the annual
withdrawal of J per cent. of the loan of Ism, accord-
ing to the conditions of the contract. The aggregate
funded debt of Russia, home and foreign. is estimated
at about 154M100,11001.
Tin: Two SExtint hitiertits IN Cii.txt-Env, Mr.
Senior and Sir W. Horne, have retired, under the
powers of the Masters' Abolition Act, and the causes
remaining unfinished in their offices; hate been trans-
ftwed to the five continuing Master'.

THE PRESS.

60LD-cRUSHIN4 .

A sEw machine for extracting gold from ore,
called Berdates gold-ore pulver.ser, washer, and
amalgamator, is attracting notice, as an invention
that may exercise an influence in accelerating the
itnpending changes in the value of the precious
metals. It was originally exhibited at the New
York Crystal Palace, and its peculiarity is, that, by
the rolling and grinding of two iron bulls, weighing
together nearly four tolls, in an iron basin revolving
by steam power, it produces an action analogous to
that of the pestle and mortar, and reduces some of
the hardest ores to an impalpable powder, which is
washed by the constant dropping of a small jet of
water, and amalgamated by a deposit of quickailver
at the bottom of the basin, heated by a tire beneath
it. Tie whole of the processes usually performed
by separate labour at the gal mines are therefore
effected simultaneously, and, as it is affirmed, at
little more than a nominal expense, by this machine.
At the /4111110 time, the extraction of gold is alleged to
be carried to the last particle, the process being such
as to enable it to be ontaiued from ores in which its
existence has been undisrovetablefrom any previous

.
tests. According to an account published a law days
since, a committee appointed by the Society of Arts
examined the method on the .2stli ult., and obtained
from s4filb. of Devonshire gossan a yield of gold at
the rule of lot. 1:1 ilwts. and 131 grains per ton;
while it is further said that, other ores in that county,
which ane available almost to any extent, have like-
wise been tried with satisfactory results. The eonse-
quenees to arise frame the general employment of
the machine, supposing the allegations regarding its
capacity to be fairly borne out by experience, are
sueh as to invest the subject with great interest.
The matter is one that should be investigated by all
companies connected with gold-mining, and espe-
cially by those who possess property in auriferous
!MOM, since it is professed that the machine disposes
of all difficulties regarding the labour question, as it.
can be worked by slight attendance, and also without
the possibility of access to the products on the part
of those employed. The price of each is 600/.,
and it is said that orders have already been re-
ceived for thirty-one—siamel, eighteen for England,
twelve for Australia, and one for Sardinia. A con-
siderable number also have been prepared in the
United States.

NEW PATENT Blilc1:31.1KINu-NIActlINE.
Is 1114'54• dais of building societies, agricultitral improve-
silents, and sanitary refill m, there min be scarcely any subject
more loractimilly interesting than the improvement of brick
and tile making, and accordingly it has, for two or three
1,1111., v11;4111414 u 11011.1(1411ible share of public attention.
At the various ap,rieulturid shows, at ineetivitis of farmers'
clubs, and more especially at the Brent Exlith' • , •lt
prominence has been glee,' to new processes of maiinfae.
titre, and immliimit formakinglit•llow bricks and improved
tiles have 1111).4 114411 latent:l% el: Willi. Of saute tof the
/ma'am mac) • 44 for making holhow bricks anal tiles the
revolt of the jurors of the Exhibition slake in approving
terms ; but us regards solid briektiinking the 111 e was eta-
relent. In fact, the machines moist mimed fits thud purpose'
were costly and cumbrous.
invented snit patented Lv !Or. 4 id) ton whit+ ttttt leutokew to
supply the confessed deficiency, and to bring solid Wicks
within the range of efficient niiiehine power. His Meet'•
thin has already obtained th•• titettat of the f•reat Exp444l-
- if Industry at Amsterdam. The improlement ism-
mists in the eimstruction of Alswllitlilitt orifices or dies,
having rotating sides formed by vertical rolit•rs, instead of
the fixed sides used 114.11.10fu1t., the rollers rotating while
the clay is delivered through the die, mid thus producing
and preserving a slimpftess and nentia-s in the edges of
the brick which land previously been f 1 miattaiinable in
the manufacture it Iraicks I,y compression through fixed
dies. The machine pugs or prepares the clay and makes
the bricks at one and the MI • 11111 e. tine of the leading
features observed is a continuous delivery. The action of
the, blii•les as crdinatily set tllll pteltture only an inlet mit.
tent delivery ; but in this case there is an arrangentent
of blades by which the clay is subjeetett to a eontititions
lateral thrust, effected on either side of the die through the
moulding orifices. The machine, as now shown in Lons
don, is worked by one horse. with a /111111 to tied it, and
two Isla to clear ••tt the bricks at the sides. Font or five
revolutions were i.erfoinied in a minute, and in that time
twenty•liee bricks are 11111114% A comparison of the ramble.
lice powers of this machine with those of handniont ling
is of 1.4111t51. illllO II Mit but it i'3lllllot l easily made ill a
positive IllanlPT, tin illg II) the fact that the daily perform.
offices of haunt' ttttt tillers ripps sir to easy considerably.
tiuuething like an appoilimation, however. may be arrived
Ht. In the 1.4.1141..11 distlisl a pilliellllollliitT will 111111 cut
:lAN 4) bricks in a dun, in doing which he requires the as.
sistance of 14 clot Ida r and five other hands, and also
that of a horse. In the country districts, where the elot•
moulder is dispensed with. 3.10) is the nvenige. These
results. :t should be ••liscre rd. are attained in a day, which
is hills hotel being a factory one ; the brit kmakers con•
meowing in the best Tensof at four or five in the Intoning.
and working on as long as the day holds out. Assuming
twenty-live all i iiii as 1114• tit einge 1.1441141iiin the
tna-
ellinc, the total for ten bons oidd 14,• lett th.in
this would probably have to be deilliettel two or three th•
sand for iinatleoidulde stoppagi s. lt perhaps. n Ft 111.-
nil average of 11,11* a day. Snell is the in% esi.
The coat of u machine of one•lol'fe out ris ?.1;l•
to be about lon/.

SATURDAY,

SUPPLY OF GUANO.

AhmugAT, Mootr.sav, commander in-chief in the
Pacific, has forwarded to the Admiralty some very
important estimates constructed by Mr. APlntosh,
naval instructor, relative to the quantity of guano
remaining on the Chinca Islands. Former accounts
claiming considerable authenticity had rated the
quantity at 15,00,000 tons. Mr. 3Plutosh says that
it is about one-third of this amount.
_

In his despatch, which is dated "Portland at Sea,
Sept. 9, ls5:1," the admiral says :

"I have confidence in the data given by Mr. ?Whoosh.
his education and practical experience being a guaniutre
for correctness. From the northern or principal island
more than one-third the guano has been removed. The
remainder way be dividol into three porti and path.
ties That termed English guano, as formerly,
alouc selected 14 the English market. Seeondly. That
exported by foreign ships to America and elsewhere.
Thirdly. Inferior guano, reserved for the coast trade. tit'
the first quality there remaina on the north island about
three mill• fire hundred thousand tons: of the seeond,
about One million the hundred thonsand tom: of inferior.
about half a million. I have no data on which to report
the shipment of gllllllO iu IsAI, but I have ascoiained
that within the last eight months about three hundred,
thousand tons of guano has been shipped from the north
island. A loss of twelve per cent. occurs from the rude
manner of its working and conveyance, daily observed in
the dense cloud of pulverised guano blown seaward, and
correctly ascertained by the shipping dockets at the crnt►e

Fron► the figures given by the admiral it appears
that in 18541 about 157,8(N), and, in 1851,'252,031,
tons of guano were taken from the island. He con-

" There were at the Chines islands, on our departure,
a hundred vessels, capable of exporting near one hundred
tl sand tons of guano. The Americana far exceeded in
amount of tonnage. Between the lath of .luly and 14th
of September, l$5:1, there had been loaded, were loading,
or waning their turn to loud, sixty-tive American ships,
earning a gross ;mount of sixtv-one thousand nine lone
dreti anol eight-two tons. Other Ammierm ships wets
daily arriving, and they now take the superior quality. On
the collie island there may be about eight hundred ama
sand tons of guano of the that quality, and seven
hundred II sands of the second. This island is worked
entirely by Chinamen they dig and wheel daily about one
thousand two hundred and ninety tons, of which eleven
hundred unwell.; in the shipping ;lockets. The sonthein
and smallest island has not yet been worked ; tram its
windward position the goalie is inferior, and has 110 great
depth. • • • From the pleas and elevations or AB.
M lutosh, flout thy personal examination, and infoimation
gathered &mu those on the islands comet sent with the
working, I am of opinion that. at the p.n sent ay; lege late
of exportation, the 14011118 would be exhausted of the guano
that would pay freight, orb e saleable in the English minket,
in eight or nine years."
The following estimate showing the result of all
the calculations regarding the amount of guano still
remaining on the Chinca Islands was enclosed by
the admiral in his despatch:—
" The examination, for I cannot call it survey, taken by
your order, was necessmily exceedingly rough and imper-
*feet , both by reason of shot-Mesa of time and the want of
prover instiuments, as well UR a desire not to excite ob-
servation. To avoid the possibility of underratirg the
quantity. I have estimated at the rate of 40 cubic feet per
ton, and I have allowed a considerable excess on the
ineasmement given by the plans and sections. Though
chain to grout fIeVIIIIICV is MA.', I have no hesitation in
pledging myself that tile quantity here specified is greater
than that absolutely rt mulling on the ishoals.
( Signed ) "W. 11. M'l viosn, Naval Instructor."
Quantity remaining on northern island ',Ono tons.
Ditto on centre island _ 500,000