The Press.
London, England, 1856-09-06 00:00:00

THE PRESS.

have agreed to adopt the same policy, and to oppose
the junction of the provinces under one Government.
But the steady conduct of France, not slow to per-
ceive the advantage of preventing an Austrian pre-
dominance on Danubian waters, and disinclined to
grant powers to the Porte to the which it can lay no
claim, keeps the Austro Turkish faction in check.
Fuad Pacha, the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs,
has addressed an official note to the Turkish Minis-
ters at the several Courts represented at the Con-
gress of Paris, declaratory of the determination of
the Sultan to oppose the union of the Moldo•Walla-
chian principalities. In a note also to the English
and French Ambassadors, Fuad Pacha lays claim to
the provisions of the Tarm-Russian treaty of Adria-
nople, 1829—t0 the Island of Tchetal, in the Danu-
bian delta. The reply of the ambassadors intimates
that every thing given up by Russia in that district
will be annexed to Moldavia. This has caused great
displeasure to the Porte. The Turkish NI iiiisters are
not correct historians. By the treaty of 1460—between
the Porte and Mircea and Vlad, Hospodars of Wallachia
—and that of 1511, with Prince Bogdan, of Moldavia,
the independence of Moldavia and Wallachia was
incontestably acknowledged, subject to the "suze-
relate " of the Porte. The hospodars were to be
elected for life, and to belong to the Roumani
nation; but subsequent and internal dissension gave
an opportunity to the Porte to usurp power* which
the principalities were too feeble to resist. Nicholas
Mavrocordato was the first Greek Phanarist sent to
Wallachia by the Porte in 1716, and since that time
the office of hospodar has been publicly sold to the
highest bidder, like the former crown of Poland in
the days of its unhappy nationality. In 1710,
Russia, by treaty, recognised Moldo Wallachian in-
dependence and integrity, and in 1737, at the Con-
gress of Niemerow, proposed that the principalities
should be placed under its protection. The attempt
was again made at the Congress of Folkschan in
1772, and by the treaty of Karnadji it is in direct
evidence that Russia has never deviated from her
recognition of Moldo-Wallachian nationality. The
fifth article of the treaty of Adrianople, quoted by
Fuad Pacha in proof of the legality of Turkish
demands, expressly states :—" The principalities
having been placed, by capitulation, under the suze-
rainty of the Sublime Porte, and Russia having
become guarantee for their good treatment, it is
understood that all the special rights and privileges
that have been agreed to in that capitulation shall
be strictly observed." This would seem to settle the
question of the principalities, and goes to show that
by capitulation they bargained for and were guaran-
teed by Russia distinct privileges and a separate
Government.

At Milan steps are being taken by the Govern-
ment against the freedom of the press. The Echo
DlUtz Borsa has been threatened with extin2tion,
for holding principles and making observations con-
trary to the systems of the Governments of Austria
and France. This is a strong measure, when it is
seen that the governmental press of Au-tria, edited at
the same place Milan, indulges in the strongest ani-
madversion upon the Government of England, and
publicly asserts that its example, as a parliamentary
and representative system, is a standing evil and a per-
petual incitement to the political insubordination of
continental Governments. The garrison of Como
has been reduced, and the troops withdrawn from
thence have been sent to Leven° on the Lago Maggiore.
At Milan the troops have been augmented from 12,000
to 20,000 men. From a late return there would appear
to be enrolled in the Austrian army 12,000 Jews and
500 officers, besides non-commissioned officers and
surgeons of that people. The visit of M. de Bach,
Austrian Minister of the Interior, is closely con
nected with the affairs of Lombardy. Atter remain-
ing three days at Milan he proceeded immediately to
Venice. The real object of his mission is to
examine narrowly the existing relations betwixt
Lombardy and Piedmont, and the state of public
opinion bearing upon the questions of representa-
tive government and Papal supremacy. The Mar-
chese Cantono, Sardinian Minister at Vienna, has
obtained leave of absence for an indefinite penod,
and the business of the Legation is transacted by M.
Fortis, the secretary. The Piedmontese bishops
have memorialised the Holy See for permis-
sion to read the journals that are under pontifical
ban "until the liberty of the press shall be re-e-tab
lished in Piedmont under the protection of Papal
censure." These terms are singular, and the assump-
tion of fact strangely at variance with practical truth.
Hardly less preposterous is the demand for the
specification of a line of conduct towards those who
are disobedient in Piedmont to the Papal ordon-
nence respecting the property and privileges of the
Church " until there be a change of government,"
such change always understood to be under Aus-
trian superintendence, and the safeguard of an
Austro-Papal concordat. Mazzini, after the miser-
elle failure of Orbitello, where, through his direct in-
strumentality, a few more of his compatriots were
victimised, hits launched his republican invectives
against the Prince and Princess Murat, now residing

SATURDAY,

at Aix-les-Bains, in Savoy. The crime of the Prince
Murat consists in his reprobation alike of republican
principles and the law of the dagger. In reply to
these immoral and sanguinary aspirations, M.
mi Far, in his " Diplomatia o Questione Italiana,"
and M. Montanelli, in the " Revue de Paris,"
on the "Parti national Italien," assert constitution-
alism to be the only path that the Italian reformers
can pursue with safety, and that the example of
Piedmont is worthy of all honour and imitation.
Liberty, they say, must first be achieved, and then
be assured under constitutional guarantee, which
affords security that republicanism has ever failed
to provide.
General Baumgartner has succeeded in quieting
the displeasure of the Duchess Regent of Parma and
her Ministers by conduct somewhat less brutal than
that of his predecessor, General Crenneville, but it
must not be supposed that the "entente cordiale"
goes farther than appearance. Nothing except un-
conditional submission to Austrian and military
authority will satisfy that ambition which presumes
to claim a sole predominance in Italy. At Florence
a Protestant, lately converted to the Catholic faith,
lay on the bed of death. In his last confession he
refused to acknowledge the doctrine of the Immacu•
late f)onception, and persisted to maintain that the
Sovereign Pontiff and head of the Church was Christ
Jesus, and not the Pope of Rome. After the avowal
of such anti-Roman heresies, the sacraments were
refused by the priest, and he died full of piety and
faith in his Saviour, and under an accumulation of
curses from his Roman confessor. Hit widow was
summoned before the ecclesiastical and civil authori-
ties, and ordered to produce " the Book " which had
again perverted and lost the soul of her husband.
That book, tilt Bible, accursed so called by the Roman
priest and the magistrate of Florence, was not forth-
coming in order that it should be burnt, and the body
was refused the rites of sepulture. At night four
gendarmes forcibly took away the coffin or rough box
which they had provided, an I buried it in a hole out-
side the walls with every mark of ignominy.
Great activity prevails in the collection of subscrip-
tions for the Alessandrian cannon. The lists of sub-
scribers are publicly circulated, and the Marehesi Giro
Capponi and Ridulfi, with the advocate Leopoldo
Galeotti, solicit assistance and money in defiance of
the disapprobation of the Tuscan Government. The
bankers of Leghorn hold large deposits in their
hands, and the demonstration everywhere has been
popular, moderate, and determined. It is held to be
a declaration against Austrian rule in Italy; and the
Tuscan Ministry, divided amongst themselves, are
unwilling to challenge public opinion upon a point
that would be the cause of instant and armed dis-
affection. The position of the Ultramontane Minister?,
Landuc i and Buonarotti, has not been strengthened
by the published insolvency of the. Papal Govern-
ment. The financial report made by Monsignor
Ferrari, the Papal Minister of Finances, recites that
of his predecessor in office, M. Angelo Galli. It
there appears that the receipts of the Exchequer
were 11,539,082 scudi, and the expenses 13,212,804,
leaving a considerable deficit. M. Ferrari has
diminished in a slight degree the excess of
expenditure over income ; and the present report
shows the receipts of 1855 to have been 12,699,279
scudi, with an expenditure of 13,700,775. There still
remains a large deficiency, pith the interest of the
public debt reaching the high sum of 4,714,243
scudi. Without largely increasing this debt, the
Government cannot pay its present standing army,
much more embody that further and necessary addi-
tion on the removal of the foreign legions. On this
subject the towns of the Romagna steadily insist.
The expenses of foreign auxiliaries are reducing the
Romans to bankruptcy, if that state be not already
arrived at; and M. Bernardi has been sent to
Bologna to ascertain the intentions and probable
chances of opposition there and elsewhere to the
Government. It is said that the result of his
mission has been most unsatis'actory, and that
the determination not to pay taxes voluntarily
during the Austrian occupation prevails throughout
the Romagnese provinces. To add to this complica-
tion of affairs, the French Government has made
known that its army will not be permitted to remain
much longer at Rome, and the withdrawal of one
foreign army will entail that of the other. It was
proposed by M. Farina, the Minister of War, that
the sums saved by the departure of the foreign
troops should be appropriated to meet the expenses
of the increase to the Roman army. To this, how-
ever, Cardinal Antonelli peremptorily objected, for
the reason, amongst others, of a national army bring
insufficient to maintain the safety and good order of
the country. This was an awkward admission, and
led to a warm debate, that ended in both Ministers
expressing a desire to abandon situations so unpro-
ductive of public and private satisfaction. The
Pope refused to accept the resignation of M. Ferran,
and M. Farina also continues in office, having incon-
testably proved to his Holiness that less than
present expenses of foreign occupation would In-
creole his army to 18,000 men. At present the

SErr. 6, 1856.

entire force is something short of 15,000. The
Frascati railroal comtnences to fructify largely, and
make 4 Cardinal Antonelli still more unpopular from
the obstruction he pertinaciously gave to its forma-
tion. file line of the Arezzo juncion, granted by
the Grand Duke of Tuscany to the Marquis de
Flers, a French speculator, will be commenced
forViwith. Those of Naples will be assuredly most
dilatoty in arrangement., since the King, in his
wisdom, repugnant to foreign assistance, and fearful
of its consequences, insists that they shall be con-
structed without the intervention of foreign capital.
Now, as propery, public and private, is not secure in
that country from the fact of being dependent upon
the capricious suzgestions of the Minister of Police
and Mazza, no great temptation, setting 'nude the
want of monetary ability, is offered for an investment
of capital in those undertakings.
The Neapolitan citizens have spoken ont by pia-
cards, condemnatory of the employment of foreign
troops, denouncing the maladministration of the ex •
isting Government, and calling upon Italians to rally
rand a common and constitutional standard. A private
but categorical notice has been given to the King,
that, in the case of a local revolution, no assistance
will be granted by foreign Governments, and a states-
man of reputation has informed him that for Austria
to attempt any support, would be to endanger her ex-
istence as an empire. C. A. H.

{foreign Any &lonia! ]ntellignut.

FRANCE.

The Emperor and Empre4s of the French continue
at Biarritz.

Sentence of death,recorded par contumace on March
151111 mi alainst fife persons f r conspiring against the
life of the Emperor, was made public last week for
the first time in the usual half-yearly legal summary
of the ju lgments of the assize court of the Seine.
No details were given, but the conspirators
are yet at largo. The Constitutionnel has ex•
plained that these sentences apply to the affairs of
the Hippodrome and the Opera Comique in 1853,
and not to any more recent case.
The Finance Minister has appointed a commission
to prepare a measure, to be laid before the Corps
Lezislatif next session, for a new assessment of the
land tax.

No official or other reply has yet appeared in the
French journals to the statements of M. Louis Blanc,
with reference to the treatment of the political pri-
soners at Cayenne.

AUSTRIA.

The Austrian official journals continue to regard
the conduct of Piedmont encouraging public sub-
scriptions f..r the fortifications of Alessandria as an
indication that she is determined to oppose Austrian
influence in Italy.
The new law for the commercial organisation of
the Austrian empire is prepared.