The Express.
London, England, 1855-09-08 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.

Harr= is everywhere proceeding under the pro-
pitious influence of the favourable harvest weather;
and the results of every additional day's labour tend
to confirm the hopes of the husbandman. Others as
well as he watch with no unreasonable solicitude the
prospects and proceedings of the harvest field. All
clams of the community have cause to understand
that their interests are indissolubly connected with
one another; and they no longer dream the selfish
dream of particular advantage from what is incon-
sistent with the general good. The trader and
the artizsn do not leas appreciate the great benefits
of Free Trade because they have learned that for them
as well as the farmer a deficient harvest is a bad
thing. Any sudden derangement of the money
market, like that which is necessarily occasioned by
an extraordinary expert of gold to buy corn,
infallibly re-acts on trade and employment.
It is a great good that when we do
want an unusually large supply of common
food, we are free to buy it in the cheapest market we
can. But it is a greater good when the home market
is well supplied with home growths, and we wanly
compelled to import the amount of surplus corn which
our hiving population ordinarily requires.
Many diversities of opinion still prevail as to the
probable value of the crops which are now gather-
isg in. The corn market has not, indeed, experienced
anyexcessive fluctuations, but its coaditiou is graphi-
cally and significantly described as being "extremely
sensitive." The troth le, that while the barley crop,
as well as that of oats, is everywhere admitted to be
most abundant, considerable inequalities are found
to prevail in the yield of wheat. In many places it
proves to be most Luxuriant ; in others, the pro-
ducts will be but small, both in quantity and
quality; and there are districts where the same
fields contain patches indicative of great fer-
tility, intermingled with others of the mast
opposite character. What we had occasion to observe
many winks ago, when the crop upon the light
soils was struggling to overtake the time it had lost
du, iog the dilatory spring, has been fully confirmed
by the event. Where the fields from their size or
situation were particularly exposed to the prolonged
action of the severe easterly winds, the looser de-
scriptions of soil were gradually removed to such an
extent as to leave the roots of the plant without suffi-
cient covering; and the consequence which we then
ventured to anticipate is now found to be realised
in the partial failure of the crop. Curious installers
of this are observable in a locality where it might
least of all have been expected. In what is called
the Fen country, reclaimed at no distant period from
a state of swamp and marsh, the surface soil proves
to be destitute of sufficient tenacity to resist the in-
cessant and inexorable action of the wind, and
in other respect■ to have become deficient in
certain chemical qualities which are found in dis-
tricts where clay is interspersed with stones of
various sizes. In a word, the land has been over-
drained; while the absence of ailicious particles,
whether in the form of rock or gravel, is found, in
years like the present especially, to deprive the soil of
its oecerkary power of nutrition. As nature
leaves hersolf without resource, a singular remedy
has been recently discovered for this deficiency. In
the bed of more than one of the streams that have
facilitated so much the drainage of Cambridgeshire
and the adjacent localities, deep strata of organic
matter 11 a petrified state have been found. The
substance thence obtained is singularly easy to be
broken, or even ground into powder ; and its appli-
cation in the same manner as lime or bone-dust
manure, is said to be highly beneficial, and attended
with bat moderate expense. We are very much
inclined to think that the extirpation of fences for
the purpose of enlarging the piss of fields, has been
carried too far in some soils, and that shelter, like
moisture, must be in many places sought for anew.

HER MAJESTY'S JOURNEY.

(riot ova ows aaroavaa.)

EDINBURGH, FIIIIIAT Morainal.
Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the six elder If
their children, arrived at Ediabugligat p.m.00400/1
having aceomplished their lours egi from Londe*. its little
more than 10i hours. Theraersetapbred at St Meitner,
statios by the Duke of Bueuch, Lord•Lientensnt of Mid-
labia° ; General Lord Ms Iville, Counander.ia.Chicf in the
North British District ; the Hon. Colonel Dslyell, Ateistant
-Ailjutaasessevel; Mr. Sheriff Gordon, Mr. Sheriff Mal-
lard, and various easel and military °Mors. Her Majesty
was greeted outside the statloa with loud cheers, and
sutured her carriage to proceed to the palace amidst the
strains of the National Anthem and " Partant pour la
Syria," performed by the band of the 7th Dragoon Gaud'.
The royal family and salt, were conveyed to Holyrood
Palace, above a mile distant, in a procession of, open ear.
rinse, which drove "manly through the Queen's Pak, the
route throughout which was liaed by detachments of the
7th Dragoon Guard., 82nd and 92nd Regiments, the County
of Edialmargh Militia, and the Fiteabire Artillery Militia.
On either side of thei way were deals lines of spectator', the
heights above being also studded with numerous groups.
Her Majesty reached tha palace before 7 o'clock, a salute
from the Castle glens assonasing her arrival there.
In the oveetiag the Deka of Buecleach, Viscount Mel-
ville, sad Mr. Sheri! Gordon, were of the royal dianer

role moraing, the Queen, Prlnc•Albert, and the royal
family, left Holyrood at halt-past 8 o'clock, and the station
at fit. Margaret's at 9 precisely. Their railway journey
would terminate at Heathery, Deeeide, before 3 o'clock,
whence they would post to Balmoral, reaching the Castle
between 6 end 7 in the evening.

From the northern counties and from Scotland
the accounts are less contradictory, and, upon the
whole, more sanguine. In Ireland the oat crop is
described as everywhere most abundant; but the
breadth of wheat planted in that part of the king-
dom has ceased to be as great as formerly. This
phenomenon, in the face of the high averages of the
last two years, would be unaccountable were it not
for the still greater inducements held out during the
same period to stock farming, for which the shtert,
country is proverbially well suited. The rapid;
diminution of bands in the labour market her
likewise contributed, no doubt, in some maim
to the same result—although it is not weep'
easy to understand why other cereal crops
should not be reduced in extent thereby as
well as wheat. We have always leaned to the
conviction, that except on the eastern side of the
island, and under highly improved cultivation, wheat
was rather an unsafe investment for small agricul-
tural capitals in Ireland. In the western counties,
where drainage is still very imperfect, and the climate
intensely damp, there mast always be a more than
reasonable risk of the finest wheat crops being de-
stroyed on the eve of maturity. Oats, barley, and
rye suffer infinitely lee,, and are, therefore, more
prudent farming for small householden. Bat in point
of fact, the regions bordering on the Atlantic are daily
revealing more and more to that state of pasture
from which they were forcibly taken by the
rapid increase of pageant pauperism daring the
half century that preceded the famine of
1846. There are thous who believe that the ten-
dency towards pasturage will ere long be checked,
like everything else, by the effect on prices of over
production; and that, as in the meantime population
is likely to acquire a new impetus,we shall witneasby-
and-bye an ebb in the tide, and a return to the prac-
tice of breaking up grass land for tillage. It may
be so; bat we doubt if the same temptation to obtain
half the worth of the fee by letting old pastures for',
the planting of potatoes is likely soon spin to recur.
The existence of a Poor Law, and still more the
ocean highway of emigration, which can never again
be closed, will create an essential difference in
the agricultural future of Ireland, compared
with the past. The working population have acquired
a knowledge of wages and of comforts they were
formerly unused to; and they have at the same time
become familiar with ready and easy alternatives of
sebeistenos when employment fails at home. We do
not fear that we shall ever again see myriads of
paupers gambling for existence with spendthrift
landlords, by offering exorbitant rents for potato
land ; and no other crop than potatoes is likely to
induce any sudden transformation of pasture into

THE EXPRESS. SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1855.

LATEST FROM ABROAD.

VATCIIIIO I& GENERAL SIMPSON.
: •
WAR Dit'ARTMENT, Barr. 7.
Load tianmare this day received the follow-
ing illielligeace rrOm General flimpeon, dated
66 CRIMEA, Barr. 5, 1855.
"Oar batteries opened fire at daylight this
morning.

.1 Barr. 8, Firs P.M.

"The bombardment goes on steadily and favour-
ably, with few °sensitise on our side. A Russian
frigate, supposed to have been set on fire by our
rockets, was bunt last night in the Great Harbour."