The Express.
London, England, 1863-10-05 00:00:00

00YMERCLU. INTELLIGENCE.

The advises received from General Rosecrans
since Monday have favourably affected the gold and
exchange markets, causing rates to recede from
the extreme rates of that day. The closing quo-
tations to-day are :—Gold, 363 prem. ; exchange,
134. Stocks inactive. New York Central, 1353;
Illinoiy 123} ; Erie, 1073 ; Six per Cent. United
States Bonds, 107. Cotton very firm ; Middling
Upland, 7 dole. 75c. Flour and wheat steady.
Corn improving. Provisions heavy. Coffee quiet.
Sugar steady.

(11RON OUR SPECIAL CORRZSPORDIBT.) .
THE BATTLES IN TENNESSEE.
NEW YORK, Szrr. 23.

The movements which have been going on in
Lee's army for some weeks had excited a good deal
of apprehension in the public mind as to Rose-
crane's position in East Tennessee. The news that
a large portion of his force was being withdrawn
from the Rapidan was confirmed in a variety of
ways ; and, in fact, some accounts went so far as
to say that both EwelPs and Longstreet's corps had
left Virginia ; and others positively affirmed that
the whole army was broken up, and that there was
nothing between Meade and Richmond except a
few brigades. That the main body was retreating
was ascertained beyond question by the advance of
the Federal cavalry, which established itself as
far south as Culpepper nearly ten days ago, after
a smart brush with the enemy's rear guard, cap-
turing three guns. Of course there was but one
service for which Lee's army was at all likely to be
weakened,
and that was to enable Bragg to stand
bis ground.
In my last letter I ventured to predict, you may
remember, that he would be reinforced at any cost,
and stated that it was even probable that the whole
Confederate force, except that engaged at Charleston,
would be concentrated for the defence of Northern
Georgia, and that the Confederate government
would stand or fall by the issue of the operations
in that quarter. I fancied, however, that whenever
this concentration took place it would be plaoed

under the direction of Lee iu person, and that
Bragg would be relegated to some less conspicuous
position. I am not sure that I shall not prove
right eventually ; but so far it appears that the
reinforcement, which have been brought up,
including those from Lee's army, have been handed
over to Bragg himself, and that he has been thus
furnished with another chance of retrieving his
reputation, as he is what the opposition in the South
calls "one of the President's pets." His whole
force has been estimated at about 71,000 men, made
up in this way :

&Mir felyaral foam
Fonest's cavalry (" Bash us`)
Bockaan corps 12,000
Iteinforosarsato drawn from Johnston*

71,000

If to this we add either Ewell's or Longstreet's
corps of say 20,000, it would give him about 20,000
men. But the drafts from Lee's army are by no
means so certain as the aid derived from the other
quarters ; although the information reoeived both
from Tennant, and Virginia on this point is direct
and circumstantial, and is so well supported by the
movements on the Rapidan as to leave little doubt
about it.

Rosecrans reached Chattanooga with little, if
any, over 40,000 men. Ilia whole force of
effective' when he commenced his movement on
the Duck River did not exceed 60,000, and
10,000 is esrtainly not too large a number

to deduct for the garrison of the entrenched camp
at Murfreesboro, and the maintenance of his long
line of communication with that place. He had
Burnside, however, with the 9th corps, one of the
finest in the army, 20,000 strong, behind him, or
rather on his left flank, at Knoxville, but 80 miles
can hardly be called supporting distance. He had
early last week pushed some wiles south of Chatta-
nooga, and was within one forced march of Rome,
one of the principal military depots of the Confede-
rates. Once there, Atlanta, the greatest one of
all, and the centre of their whole system of railroad
communication in the south-east, would have been
in his hands. It was impossible to suppose that
this would have been permitted without a desperate
struggle, and nobody did suppose it. Bragg'a position
after he withdrew from Chattanooga was an admi-
rable one for gathering up what was left of Southern
troops in the south and south-west. He collected
every available man from Mississippi, Alabama,
and Georgia, by railroad. He accordingly attacked
Rosecrans on Saturday morning with great fury,
and the fight "sated all day, but owing to its having
mostly raged in thick brush, in which the Ilse of
artillery was impassible, it dote noise= behave Tsai,
any very decided result. The advantage at night
I rested with the Federals, as they retained the
I ground they occupied in the morning and captured
ten guns, against seven which they lost. The
accounts of what took place on the following day
are not as yet very detailed, but they are unusually
clear. At 10 a.m. on Sunday, Thomas's division,
which held the left of Rceecrans's line, was assailed
with great fury, and was very shortly compelled
to call for reinforcements, and at noon he
was forced to retire. The whole of M'Cook'a corps,
except the divisions of Sheridan and Davie, was
then withdrawn from the right, where a portion of
it was in the line of battle, and from the centre,
where it was in reserve, and sent to Thomas's
support. Its place in the centre was filled as well
as it could be by the divisions of Sheridan and
Davis. This change had been no sooner made than
a furious onslaught was made ou the centre, and
Sheridan and Davis were driven off the ground in
disorder, borne down by superior force, and were
not rallied and brought into action again for some
hours. Thomas found his right flank thus exposed
and made Lis dispositions accordingly, and received
and repulsed attack after attack until nightfall.
He retired during the night towards Roasville,
bringing off all his wounded. He still holds the
front, the main body, under Rosecrans, being
concentrated at Chattanooga, and according to the
last accounts, Burnside was within thirty miles of
him on Monday, and pushing on rapidly.

The action, lilt that of Murfreesboro and Shiloh, I
has been bloody and undecisive. Rosecrans has
met with a check, but the enemy has inflicted it at
such enormous cost, owing to Ins peculiar style of
fighting, that I imagine Bragg, who is the un-
luckiest of men, is hardly any better off than be
was befoce. Ile will probably now find himself
barely able to stay in front of Chattanooga and
watch Rosecrans until his raw levies, which he bu
scraped together from every quarter, get tired of
campaigning cud begin to run away, as at Tulla-
homa, and until the Federals have been so far
reinforced as to resume the offensive. The Southern
tactics ever since the war began have been very
singular ones for an army whose greatest deficiency
is in men. They attack in dense columns with
great impetuosity and loud yells, while the
Federals receive them in line d V Anglaise ;
and as the Confederates have undoubtedly
more personal pluck, and more Elan than either the
French or Ructions, they make better use of the I
column than either of the latter, and their onset
if they once reach the line is irresistible. But
then they never do reach it without frightful loss
from the Federal fire. One can understand the
adoption of this mode of fighting by the conti-
nental powers, who have men in abundance, and
who cannot place much reliance upon the qualities
of their soldiers individually. But individuality is
certainly not wanting in the South, and recruits
are very scarce, and were scarce even in the begin-
ning, if we may judge from the pains they took to
secure the services of Mr. Belebaw, and it seems
therefore the wildest extravagance to fling dense
manes of their fresh troops against Federal rifles
and batteries again and again, all day long, and
sometimes two days in succession. The result
has generally been that when they do gain an
advantage, as here at Roseville, they are so cut up
that they are not able to stir after it. That there is a
reason for it there can be no doubt, as the Southern
leaders understand thoroughly the nature of the
material they have to use ; and I think it is moat
probably to be found in the difficulty of drilling the
large numbers of wild frontierineu from Texas
and Arkansas, as well as from the pine districts
of Georgia and Alabama, which they have in their
ranks.

A telegram from Louisville which arrived on
Monday morning announcing that Rosecraus had
been badly beaten caused some consternation in
Wall-street, but the public did not share it, and as
the details of the action come out there remains
little apprehension as to Rosecrans' position. Re
is already joined by Burnside, and rein-
forcements are being hurried on to bUn
from every direction, and although be it
the soul of caution, I think he will soon resume
the offensive. Moreover, people are so satisfied
that these struggles of Bragg's are but the last
charge of the dying buffalo, that they make little
impression. Bloody actions like this, even if
attended with more decisive results than the present
one, when fought With the last Confederate army
in the hands of the Confederacy, can exercise no
serious influence on the fortunes of the war. Grant
is preparing to move, and there is now not a man
in his front as far east as Atlanta or Mobile. Meade
is now at the bead of a very large force, and that
he is not already on the march is entirely due to
the fact that be has 5,000 or 6,000 conscripts
coming in every week who have to be absorbed into
his ranks.

Tslt AICIRICAN lisits.—On Saturday the British
and North America' royal mail steamer Africa was de.
vomited from Liverpool for Borba with mails for the
United filtatet, over 120 primps; and a fall cargo. Oa
Wednesday neat the Inman steamer City of New York will
mil for New York. Letters, do., Weeded to be forwarded
by this mail will be received at the Liverpool Gemara Poet.
Mike satin (Aka p.m., load for despatch vial Qammetawa
astil 840
leitvertsement.l-1101LOWAT'S PlLlA.—Enjoy-
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