The Press.
London, England, 1857-03-21 00:00:00

TREATY WITH PERSIA.

Le Nord this week gives the following as the text of
the treaty recently concluded between England and
Persia:—

Art. 1. Beginning from the day of the exchange of the
ratifications of the present treaty, there shall be perpetual
peace and friendship between her Majesty the Queen of
Great Britain and Ireland on the one part, and his Majesty
the Shah of Persia on the other part, as likewise between
their respective successors, states, and subjects.
Art. 2. Peace being happily concluded between their said
Majesties, it is resolved by the present treaty that the forces
of her Majesty the Queen shall evacuate the Persian ter.
ritcry under the conditions and stipulations hereinafter

Art. 3. The high contracting parties stipulate that all the
prisoners made during the war by the two belligerent powers
shall be immediately set free.
Art. 4. His Majesty the Shah of Persia pledges himself
immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this
treaty to publish a full and entire amnesty, absolving all the
Persian subjects who may have been compromised in any
fashion whatsoever by their relations with the English
forces during the war from all responsibility for their
conduct in that respect, so that no one, of whatever rank
he may be, shall be exposed to vexations, persecutions, or
punishments on this head.
Art.l.s. His Majesty the Shah of Persia pledges himself,
further, to take immediate measures to withdraw from the
territory and city of Herat, and from evtry other part of
Afghanistan , the Persian troops and the authorities who
are at present stationed there. That withdrawal will have
to be accomplished within the space of three months, be-
ginning from the exchange of the ratifications of the pre-
sent treaty. _ _ _

Art. 6. His Majesty the Shah of Persia consents to re•
nounce all claims of sovereignty over the the territory and
city of Herat, and over the countries of Affghanistan, and
pledges himself never to demand from the chiefs of Herat
or of the countries of Afighanistan any mark of obedience,
such as mintage, or the " khotbeli," or the tribute. His
Majesty pledges himself, further, to abstain henceforth from
all intervention in the internal affairs of Affghanistan. His
Majesty promises to recognise the independence of Herat,
and f the whole of Atfghanistan, and never to attempt to
violate the independence of those States.
Tn case of differences which may arise between the
Governments of Persia and the countries of Herat and
Affghanistan, the Persian Government pledges itself to
refer their arrangement to the friendly good offices of the
English Government, and never to take up arms except
in case of those good offices remaining without result.
The English Government, on its side, pledges itself to
use its influence at all times with the States of Affghanis-
tan, to prevent any cause of offence being given by them,
or by any of them, to the Persian Government : and the
English Government when appeal shall be made to it by
the Persian Government, in a case where difficulties may
have arisen, shall employ• its best efforts to put an end to
those difficulties by conciliation in a manner just and
honourable for Persia. •

Art. 7. In ease of Any violation of the Persian frontier
be any of thel States above named, the Persian Govern-

279

meat shall have the right, if a just satisfaction is not
given it, of undertaxing military operations for the repres-
sion and chastisement of the oppressors. But it is ex-
pressly understood and agreed that any military forces of
the Shah which may cross the frontier fur the object
above mentioned shall retire within the limits of their own
territories as soon as that object has been accomplished,
and that the exercise of the above-mentioned right shell
not serve as a pretext for the permanent occupation by
Persia, or the annexation to the States of Persia, of a town,
or any part whatsoever of the said States.
Art. B.IIT lie Persian Government pledges itself to set at
liberty -.lithuut ransom, immediately after the exchange of
the ratifications of the present treaty, all the prisoners
made during the operations of the Persian troops in
Affghanistan ; and all the Affglians who may be detained,
whether as hostages or as captives, for political causes, in
any part of the States of Persia, shall be in the same way
set at liberty on condition that the Affglians, on their part,
shall set at liberty without rausom the. Persian prisoners
and the captives who are in the power of the Affghans.
Commissioners shall, if necessary, be named on the
part of the two contracting powers to carry out the dispo-
sitions of the present article.
Art It. The high contracting parties undertake that, in
the establishment of consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls,
and consular agents, each shall be placed in the States of
the other on the footing of the most favoured nation, and
that the treatment of their respective subjects and of: their
commerce shall be also in all respects placed on the foot-
ing of the treatment of the subjects and of the commerce
of the most favoured nation.

Art. 10. Immediately ufter the ratifications of the pre-
sent treaty shall have been exchanged the British mission
shall return to Teheran, where the Persian Government
consents to receive it with the apologies and the cere-
monial indicated in the separate note signed this day by
the plenipotentiaries of the high contracting parties.
Art. 11. The Persian Government pledges itself within
the space of three months after the return of the British
mission to Teheran to name a commissioner, who, in
concert with a commissioner to be named by the British
Government, shall examine and judge the pecuniary claims
of al! the British subjects against the Government of
Persia. and shall pay the sums the claims to which shall
be declared just, either in one payment or by instalments,
in a space of time which shall not exceed a year, beginning
from the date of the decision of the commissioners ; And
the same commissioners shall examine and judge the
claims made upon the Persian Government by all the
Persian subjects or the subjects of other powers, who up
to the moment of the departure of the British mission
from Teheran were under British protection, which they
have not since renounced.

Art 12. Except the dispositions of the last part of the
preceding article, the British Government will renounce
the right of protecting henceforth any Persian subject who
is not actually employed by the British mission, or by the
consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls, or consular agents
of Great Britain, provided that no right of that kind be
accorded or exercised by any other foreign powers ; but in
that respect as in all others the English Government
demands, and the Persian Government grants, that the
same privileges and immunities shall he accorded in
Persia, and shall be exercised by the British Government,
its servants, and its subjects, and that there shall be shown
them, and they shall enjoy, the same respect and the same
consideration which the most favoured foreign Government,
its servants, and its subjects have shown to them, enjoy,
and are invested with.

Art. 13. The high contracting parties renew by the pre.
sent treaty the engagement concluded between them in tho
month of August, 1851 (sbaval 1207 ), for the suppression
of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf, and they decide
further, that the said engagement shall continue to be in
force after the date at which it expires—that is to say, after
the month of August, 1802, for a fresh space of six months,
and after that as long as neither of the high contracting
parties shall have annulled it by a formal declaration,
which declaration shall not take effect till a year after it
alkali have been made.

Art. 14. Immediately after the exchange of the ratifica-
tions of the present treaty, the English troops shall desist
from all acts of hostility against Persia; and the British
Government further undertakes that as soon as the stipu-
lations relative to the evacuation of the territories of Herat
and Afghanistan by the. Persian troops, as well as those
relative to the reception of the British mission at Tehersn,
shall have received their full accomplishment, the English
troops shall be without delay withdrawn from all the ports,
places, and islands belonging to Persia ; but the British
Government undertakes that during that interval nothing
shall be intentionally done by the commander of the Eng-.
lish troops to shake the fidelity of the Persian subjects to
the Shah, a fidelity which the British Government, on the
contrary, warmly desires to (infirm ; and further, the
British Government undertakes that, as far as possible, the
subjects of Persia shall be guaranteed against any incon-
venient result from the presence of the English troops, and
that all the provisions which may be necessary for those
troops shall be paid for at the current market price by the
British authorities immediately after deliver•. The Per-
sian Government pledges itself to give orders to its autho-
rities to aid the English troops in procuring these pro-
visions.

Art. 1.). The present treaty shall be ratified, and the
ratifications shall be exchanged at Bagdad within the space
of three months, or sooner, if possible.
In faith of which, the' respective plenipotentiaries have
signed this treaty, and have thereto affixed their seals.
Done at Paris on the 4th of March, of the year of oar
Lord 1857.

CowLrY.
FILEOUIC•KHAN•AMEER•OULIIOCLX.
[To this treaty, it in reported, are two annexes,
giving special and psenliar advantages to Persia.]

(Signed)

280

Nittratart.

History of Europe fro►n the Fall of Napoleon to
the Accession of Louis Napoleon. By Sir
Archibald Alison. Vol. VI. London: Black-

wood.

THE. annalist of contemporary events has to
undergo the severe ordeal of exposure to the
criticism of readers who are familiar with the
facts he narrates, and can judge of his accu-
racy. But, on the other hand, he has the
great advantage of writing from sources of in-
formation readily accessible, and of having
direct communication with the personages
whose actions he describes. If he is often
compelled to trust to those superficial accounts
which are open to all the world, and is shut
out from the authorities not published till a
later date, he has in these days the broad
facts of all important matters before him, and
has the inestimable advantage of being able
to faithfully reflect the sentiments of his own
time. We think that Mr. Alison has achieved
great success in this department of history.
We are not blind to his defects, but on a com-
prehensive survey of his work we must ex-
press our opinion that it is a most valuable as
well as a very agreeable production. Sir A.
Alison has an assimilative mind, and, with
remarkable skill, educes a clear anti connected
narrative from his mass of materials. If his
volumes are not much more than the co►npila-
tions of the "Annual Register" on an extended
scale, they richly deserve, even so regarded, a
place in every gentleman's library.
When the author deals with facts he is
almost always completely successful. It is
only when he falls into the style of the poli-
tical essayist that he fails. His speculations
on the currency are intolerably heavy, and
his moral reflections are felt to interfere dis-
agreeably with the progress of his narrative.
The present volume commences with a
chapter on the history of France from the cap-
ture of Constantine in October, 1837, to the
Eastern Treaty in July, 1841. This period
embraces the conspiracy of Hubert and
Barbes, the Boulogne expedition of Louis
Napoleon, the grand funeral of Napoleon,
and the fall of the Ministry of M. 'Tiers ou
the Eastern question. The recognition by
Lard Palmerston of the Treaty of 'Jokier
Skelessi is viewed by the historian as tending
to place Turkey at the mercy of her great ad-
versary Russia :

The Treaty of the 13th July, IS4I, which first recognised
as part of the public law of Europe the vast cmcession
relative to the passage of Vie Dardanelles and the Bos-
phorus, extorted from the weakness of Turkey by the
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi, is one of the most curious
instances on record of the insensibility of even the ablest
statesmen to the consequences of their own actions, and
the danger of being directed in public measures by the
memory of the past rather than the anticipation of the
future
bringing all Europe into his measures, thought he had
secured the independence of the Ottoman Empire by
adopting the Russian Treaty of Nukiar Skelessi, closing
he Bosphorus and Dardanelles against foreign vessels of
twar, forgetting that Russia, with eighteen sail of the line
was already there; and that the only result of his diplo.,
matic triumph wu to leave Constantinople , with its fleet
destroyed at Navarino, unsupported, ris•a•ris of Sebastopol,
with its impregnable bastions and four thousand pieces of
cannon.

In this chapter is an elegant notice of the
death of Talleyrand. The claim to originality
of some of his best sayings is disputed :

Some of M. de Talleyrand's sayings which have become
most celebrated are not his own, or, at least, they had been
said by others before him. That in particular which has
made the round of the world—" The principal object of
language is to conceal the thoughts," was probably
original in him, for it exactly painted his mind ; but it is
to be found long before in several English authors. Thus
in " Young's Night's Thoughts"
Where nature's aid of language is declined,
And men talk only to conceal their mind.

" The principil end of language," says Gold-
smith, " according to grammarians, is to ex-
press our wants so as to receive a speedy re-
dress. But men who know the world main-
tain very contrary maxims. They hold, and I
think with same show of reason, that he who
knows best how to conceal his necessities and
desires, is the most likely person to find re-
dress ; and that the true art of speech is not
so much to express our thoughts as to conceal
them."—Oolitueith's Bee, Coot. 20, 170.