The Express.
London, England, 1862-08-13 00:00:00

FRANCE.

PAWS, Ammer 12.

The Fran mays that an Italian squadron has
been oilseed to concentrate at Ancona, for the pur-
pose of watching the shores of the Adriatic.

THE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS.

801TrRAMPTON. Amon 13.
The Royal Mail Company's steamer Atrato, with
the above mails, has arrived. She brings 136
passengers, 739,322 dole. in specie, and 2,161 pack-
ages of merchandise.
It was reported from Carthagena that Mosques
bad marched on the Cauca with 10,000 men. A
body of Antioquaniana had entered the town of
Mariquita, but were afterwards repulsed.
Moequera had issued a decree declaring Antioqus
in a state of blockade, and prohibiting all traffic
therewith.
Business in Peru had improved. The elections
were past, and the entire country was quiet.
Congress was to be installed on the 28th ult. It
was expected that the Vice Presidency and the
Mexican question would be debated during the
session.
No hopes were entertained of saving the British
ship Rothsay, which went ashore on the Southern
coast on the sth of June.
At Valparaiso exchange on London was quoted
45 per dollar ; freights 808. to 85e. per ton.
The weather at Barbadoes was favourable for the
crops, which promise good returns. The crop of
Indian corn was very tine. Provision market dulL
Irish butter fetches 23 cents. per lb. Exchange,
at 90 days, 4274 dollars.
Trade at Demerara continues dull, and without
prospect of improvement until the termination of
the American war. Produce is scarce, and ton-
nage abundant. Freights for sugar to London and
Liverpool, its. to 2s. 3d. Exchange on London,
90 days, 476 dollars ; Colonial Emigration Bonds,
24 premium.
Business at Jamaica is dull, and native provi-
sions scarce. Weather intensely hot. The quar-
terly return of revenue to June 30 shows an in-
crease of 16,479/, compared with the _corresponding
period of last year. Tonnage abundant. Sales of
rum, 2a. for proof, 18d. in bond. Sugar, 14a. 13d.
to 175., according to quality. Exchange, 90 days,
per cent.

Lieutenant Maury, late of the United States
navy, author of the celebrated work, "The Physical
Geography of the Sea," and • staunch supporter of the
Southern ooefedency, tau written a letter to the French
Admiral, De Chabanne, on the origin, conduct, and pros-
pects of the war in America. It is without date, but was
written after the recent brittle before Richmond, and sees
the light in a Richmond paper. The following are charac-
teristic passaged :
" It has now been but little more than • year since this
war was forced upon us. We, on our part, had to commence
it without an army, withouts navy, and even without a
governmental organisation. On the other band, the enemy,
surrounded with all the appliances of war, and complete in
his orponatiou, arranged his legions for battle, and rejoiced
in his strength. We found ourselves purely an agrioulturel
people, out off from the world, and suddenly thrown upon
ear own resources, while he wee barked by all the apppli-
mem the workshops of Europe could supply or that com-
merce could furnish. Notwithstanding this, our people
bravely sad deliberately resolved to withdraw from all
political association with the North, and to accept the con-
sequences, be they what they may. There was no haste,
coercion, or intimidation about this move. Never was the
popular will more fairly explored than when the Southern
people uttered their voice for secession. Our enemies have
sought to make the impressiou abroad that the reverse was
the case ; that this so-called rebellion was hatched by a
faction, and is led by
.• few fire-eaters.' No such thing.
We were pushed into it, all unprepared as we were, by
the tyranny and the nu/potions and the factions of the
North
"The negro is not, as the Yankee would have the world
believe, the cause or object of the war. The tariff and
hatred of the Yankee chancier— these are the true causes.
They are • nation of shopkeepers and pedlars ; and, under
pretext of raising revenue to maintain the government,
Southern industry was taxed to support Yankee workshops.
Withthis they waxed fat and grew insolent until their in-
solence became unbearable.
"We chose no longer to submit to their rule, and so
sought simply to withdraw from all political association
with them. We ask nothing of them. All we want is
simply to be left and let alone ; and the simple fact that
they should attempt to force us to remain in political
association with them is proof enough to the inequality
of benefit which the old Union conferred upon the two
sections.
" The fuss and turmoil about slavery is merely incidental
in this unhappy state of affairs. In most of the Northern
states it is against the law for a freed negro to come there.
They will not allow a negro from the South to dwell among
them.
" After supplying the North with whatever they required
of our produce and buying of the North, upon their own
terms, whatever we required of their manufacture, there
remained annually to the South a quantity of surplus pro-
duce which requires '20,003 ships and more than 200,000
seamen to carry abroad and distribute among the markets
of the world.
" In the handling of this produce Northern factors and
Northern shipping did the principal part. Besides this the
laws of the Union gave the North the preference over all
the world in the markets of the South. Them were greet
advantages, end the North waxed fat and =meg epos
them. Their correlatives were wanting to the South—for '
the South could sell dearer and buy cheaper in other
countries.
" Twelve millions of such customers as inhabit the South
are enough to make any people rich, and they are such as
no nation can afford to lose. But let secession be acknow-
ledged as an accomplished fact, and the North will this
preference, this trade, and these customers, with all the
benefits derived from their political association with us. It
is, therefore, not for the negro, but solely on account of
pecuniary and selfish considerations, that the North is
waging this war. She is vainly seeking to compel us to
renew an emaciation that we abhor.
" Hitherto we have acted purely on the defensive. We
have not sought to invade the North, but, panoplied in the
triple armour of a just cane, we have stood still, and ever
niece the kettle of Manassas-001,/ • year ago—quietly
looked ca while the enemy raised his armies and completed
his preparations for the war in his own way. Having de-
stroyed his ' greed army, we shall now carry the war into
Afnca, I hope, compelling him to withdraw his forces from
our hoiden, and to ane for peace.
" But peace is very difficult at present, I admit ; in the
North reason has lost its sway over the mind of the people,
sod the judgment of their rulers hes been taken away.
In the South passion run high. Therefore, in the present
temper of the two peoples, it would be impossible just now
for them to agree upon the preliminary step to airy lasting
peace—viz., the adjustment of boundaries. We are, there-
fore, drifting into a war of exhaustion.
"There are rumours of an armed intervention from your
side ; but upon what basis this intervention is to take place
the many-tempted dame has not deigned to enlighten us.
Any such intervention cannot but work mischievously if it
fail to remose the right of the people in the disputed
states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Misaouri,
freely and fairly to decide for themselves whether they will
cast their lot with the North or the South. Neither can
it be supposed that intervention would recognises any dis-
memberment of present states.
MR OUTWARD BOMBAY MAlLB.—SornumProw, " With us this is not • war of conquest, but a war for •
principle which is dear to every French heart—a principle
AUGUST 12.—The Peninsular and Oriental Company's by wich your Emperor sits upon his great throne—the
steamship Booltan, Captain Field. sailed hence this after- right of every people to be governed in their own way.
noon, with the mails for Gibraltar, the Mediterranean,
"The strong arm of mighty nations may force • peso*
Egypt. Aden, Bombay, and Upper Bengal, 9th She took upon some other basis, but any such peace will prove •
out 17 first, and 27 second class pumps% and on freight hollow trim,
for Bombay 330 boxes specie, value 94,6841., of which "There has, permit me to say, been already at least one
amoint 5,5001. is gold coin, 88.3301. bar silver, 8341.
are Colonels Dalton and Rout,
.Captain Read, Lieutenants error committed by France and England in this war. When
these difficulties commenced, all Europe viewed them
Precious stones, jewellery, kc. Amongst her passengers
ing. and Ensigns Roberts and through Northern media. This was natural enough. per-
Coventry, Williams, and Whitbaps, for all Europe depended upon Northern statements
Laporte+. The Meehan also toolr out a general cargo. for information concerning us. These have now been found
A CRINGSE Sultline. —At the Beudigo gold dig- ti be erroneous ; but not until France and England had
gings, in Australia, a Chinaman named Sue Hung nom- committed themselves to a blockade that was against all
mitted suicide. A piece of China manuscript was toned by rule. The effects of that blockade upon our industry is
his body, which was thus translated by another Chinaman ; likely to prove lasting, and certain classes in France and
" The reign of Hum Fong, 12 year, 3nl moon, llth day. England may yet find muse to rue it, even if =Waters do
All men take notice—l, Sue Kuug, got decease, sod cannot sot.
get cured, after spending six or seven pounds. lam very "You can well conceive that the blockade affords mod
morrow for it. After consideration, thinking that is delta- I effective encoursgement to home manufactures in the South.
nate for a man to be rich and noble, or poor and low in this ' The energies of the people have, by it, bum diverted into
world. I therefore will (bare devour opium) depart from new channels of industry,and mai; ufacturing establishments
my life in this hole. If I suffer pain mos I will (maps are rapidly springing up on all hands
from all future sorrow. My little socouuts is is my little "So that, when France and Ragland decided to respect
box. All my relations and (muds must be not painful for Limeals's paper blockade. they unwittingly, Pothers, called
me. May all men who hippie to have • look at this g•• influences into play which are rapidly converting us into •
the blessing of heaven and plenty gold. May my brother manufacturing as well R. an agricultural people. The ope-
and mates go home, sad tell uiy passe= and wife, so that relives in your workshops may yet have cause to lesseat •
they will forget me. May the authorities, after seeing this, policy which cannot fail to call into existence many rival
will not put the blame on my fries& 1 run walking a establishments to your own, and which would not have
wrong step, and oan't step back, just as a basin of water, found exist's= but for the coons which the two govern-
having poured it over • bone 'a beed,, you =snot get beek men= thought proper to perms.
the same quantity. This is wry short statement.—(Signed) "As for the preservation, restoration, or reconstruction
Sul Kuno." of the Union, it is simply an impossibility. Lying aside

[TWOPEN

ell questions of military power and peewees Inkwells the
contending parties, the mere hatred of one for the other,
and which is obvious to every intelligent being who has ef-
fectively observed the events of the contest ss they have
developed themselves, is enough to destroy all hopes for
any such union.
" Harmony between the states, goodwill among the
people, are essential to soy each reoonstruction or preserve-
tins, and you see enough even from your distant stand-
point to satisfy you that we are two peoples., and that so
es our favourite doctrine holds good—viz., that every
rightful government rest' on the consent of the governed,
no power on earth eon unite as again at malts us one."