The Press.
London, England, 1856-08-02 00:00:00

Signor Mazzini concludes by saying :

Let the nation save the nation; let the nation, once
freed and united, decide upon its own destiny. Is this au
exclusive programme? Can a national party exist with-
out such a formula? Cannot, ought not, all those who
seek a common country, to whatever fraction they belong,
to embrace each other and unite beneath the shelter of
that flag? Does not the future remain open to each ? We,
republicans to-day, as we were republicans yesterday, do
not seek to impose the republic. We declare the country
the sole umpire. You, republicans yesterday, seek to-day
to impose the monarchy. Which of us is exclusive?

THE POSITION OF OTONNELL.—The Paris corre•
spondent of the Times (second edition), in his letter
dated Thursday says :—"Statements and opinions
from various quarters now come thick in confirma-
tion of the view which I took a few days ago of the
position of Marshal O'Donnell, of the di sullies he
has to overcome, and the critical position in which
he stands. It seems at first to have been generally
imagined that, having ousted the Progresista chief,
and shot down and disarmed those who had risen in
his defence, and in that of the order of things intro-
duced by the revolution of 1854, he had nothing to
do but put himself at the heaa of the Moderados,
and that such was the course he would naturally and
immediately adopt. But the Moderados, with whom
must be included, as far as present action goes, the
I'olacos and other shades of reactionaries, by no
means subscribe to this arrangement, which, in
truth, O'Donnell himself can scarcely ever have con-
templated or deemed practicable. The Moderado's
are quite willing to reap the fruits of Espartero's
downfall an 4 of the disarming of the National
Guard; but they have leaders of their own whom
they will certainly not set aside in favour of their
quondam friend O'Donnell. They love the treason,
but despise, or at least distrust, the traitor."

M. DE MOREY has taken the hotel of the Dowager
Princess Daschkoff for his residence at St. Peters.
burg. The Princess, it will be remembered, was a
few years since sent away from Paris by the Emperor
Louis Napoleon, then Prince President. The story
goes that one evening, just before the coup d'itat of
December 2, the Prince, to whom the many sarcastic
remarks of the Russian Princess at his expense were
well known, asked her rather pointedly, at an evening
party, when she intended to leave Paris? She eva
sively mentioned some indefinite future time, but with
happy feminine wit, retorted with the question, " And
when do you think of leaving Paris, Monsieur le Pre-
sident?' The only answer this question produced
was a hint to the Russian Minister within a few days
that it would be more agreeable if the Dowager Prin-
cess of Woronzow Daschkoff gave up her residence at
the French capital. The Princess soon after broke
up' her establishment.

THE REPORT FROM THE SELECT COMMITTEE OF
THE HOUSE OF COMMONS OR the Sound Dues has
been published. The committee decline to inquire
into the right exercised by Denmark to levy tolls on
goods and ships passing between the German Ocean
and the Baltic ; it is matter of history that England
has acquiesced in the payment of these dues for some
centuries, and at this time they are paid and regu-
lated under engagement by special treaty between
the two countries, but admit that there is no doubt
respecting the mischief and inconvenience attending
upon the payment of the Sound Dues, as appears from
the strong evidence of all persons engaged in the
Baltic trade. The committee forbear to express any
opinion on the merits of the propositions recently
made for the abolition of the Sound Dues, but they
strongly urge the importance of speedily settling the
question, more especially considering the course re-
cently adopted by the United States of America.
The committee, therefcre, think that the proposals
of the Danish Government to the different States
interested in the trade and navigation of the Baltic
should receive immediate attention.

SATURDAY,

GOODWOOD RACES.

GOODWOOD, this year, has been one of the most
successful meetings known for some years past.
The weather has been magnificent, the racing ex-
cellent, and the attendance immense. The Stakes
were wcn by Pretty Boy, an outsider, at 25 to 1
at starting, but whose chance was materially
assisted by a lamentable accident in the race. As the
horses rounded the turn at the Clump, Chevy Chase
bolted in front, ran up the embankment on the right,
and fell back into the ruck of horses, knocking over
like ninepins no less than seven, and in a moment
throwing everything out of the race. Pretty Boy was
rammed through fallen horses and jockeys, and won
his race easily by half a length.
The Cup was won by Rogerthorp, Yellow Jack
obtaining his usual second place.

From the sad accident on Tuesday, the jockeys
Bartholomew, Ashmall, Hearnden, and others, met
with very serious accidents.

Two INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES are to be held at
Brussels this autumn. One for promoting the prin-
ciples of free trade to be opened on the 22nd of
September ; the other for improving the intellectual
and physical condition of the working classes to
open on the 15th September.

TERRIBLE RAILWAY ACCIDENT IN THE UNITED
STATES.—On the morning of the 17th of July
1,100 children, of various ages, started from Phila-
delphia, with their teachers and friends, for a pic-nio
on grounds near the North Pennsylvania Railway,
about twelve miles from the city. There was but
one line of rail, and the train, being unusually
heavy, was detained beyond its time. The regular
down passenger train, instead of waiting at the
turn-out, pushed on at full speed, and in rounding
a curve the two trains came in collision. The re-
sults were too dreadful to believe. In the whole an-
nals of railway murders I have never read anything
so frightful. The two locomotives were locked
together in one undistinguishable mass. Three of
the cars on the excursion train were ground to splin-
ters, and the unhappy children crushed beneath the
ruins. The next two cars were thrust forward over
the ruins, and into this mass of broken iron,
splintered wood, and mangled limbs and bodies, fire
from the locomotive fell, igni!ing the whole. Then
ensued a scene to horrible for description. The
dead were charred and burnt so as to be beyond the
recognition of their friends. The agonies of the
dying were made more excruciating by suffocating
smoke and heat, while the wounded and mangled,
pinned by the firm masses which covered them, met
a slow death by tire. The total number of victims
by this wholesale slaughter is not yet ascertained,
but it is supposed to exceed 100. No excuse is
offered, as, indeed, none could be made. The guilty
conductor whose recklessness caused this destruc-
tion put an end to his own life by arsenic.

A TERRIBLE EARTHQUAKE occurred on the evening
of the 2nd March, on the island of Great Sangir, of
the Molucca group. The volcanic mountain of the
island, Awu, about 4,000 feet above the level of the
sea, at the same moment burst forth in eruption, a
frightful tempest set in, the earth opened on all
sides, hot springs burst out, the lava poured down
streaming over the country, and this frightful scene
lasted for four hours. About noon the next day the
mountain threw up for several hours such clouds of
ashes that the snn was darkened, and the country
for miles buried under the heap. On the 17th a
third eruption occurred. The loss of life is estimated
at nearly 3,000 persons. The majority were destroyed
by the lava.

THE REFUSAL or CABS at railway stations to take
fares has been alluded to this week by several corre-
spondents of the Times. One says that sixpence to
a porter will always get a cab, and charges the com-
pany with permitting a gross extortion. Another
writes :—" The abuse is far from being peculiar, it
prevails equally at every station in the metropolis.
The proceeding described is not an isolated trick, but
the universal practice of the cabs which ply at the
various stations. On the arrival of a train, let any
passenger make the experiment. His door is, as we
will suppose, the first to be unlocked; he is next to
the platform, he jumps out, and rushes, first of all his
fellow-passengers, to the line of cabs on the other side ;
he will receive the same refusal from all, on the plea of
a previous engagement. They do not want him—they
want the old lady with the bandboxes, her parrot, and
all the extra luggage which entitles them to their
extra charge. I have frequently met this dodge by
pooh poohing their professed engagements and seat-
ing myself inside their cab; but this succeeds only
if one is among the very first corners, and, even then
one runs the risk of being ejected, as it is, of course,
possible that the cab may have been engaged either
by signal from one of the carriages, or by one of the
porters at the request of a passenger."
CRYSTAL PALACE.—geturn of admission for six
days ending Friday, August Ist, 1856, 58,554.

AUGUST 2, 1856.

Tx INSURRECHON AT BARCELONA.

TuE details of the late struggle at Barcelona bear
out all reports of its desperate severity. The troops
had every
advantage of number and unity, the pos-
session of a commanding citadel, and an unlimited
supply of ammunition, yet the scale hung evenly
for nearly sixty hours, as it was only at last by the
crushing fire of artillery that the barricades were
carried, and the insurrection suppressed.
A correspondent of the Times (W. P. H.), who
was in Barcelona during the time, gives an excellent
account of the affair :
On Friday, the 18th, about three in the afternoon,
the principal promenade, the Rambla, was thronged
with riotous groups, crying out " Viva Espartero !"
before the civil guardhouse, and nearly opposite to
the hotel, the Quartre Nations, in which I was stay-
ing. While at dinner, about half-past five o'clock, we
were startled by a discharge of cannon and a rattle
of musketry in the promenade before us. This,
with the immediate occupation by a large body of
troops, had the effect of directly clearing the prome-
nade of those disposed to riot, who retired into a
narrow street, called the Calle del Union, running
out of the promenade on the south side, and also
into another street of some length, called the Calle
Nueva, about sixty-five yards in an oblique direction
from the door of the Quartre Nations. Here barri-
cades were commenced, and also in a narrow street
on the other side of the promenade ; the troops at
once opened fire with musketry, with occasional dis-
charge of cannon. Firing continued, without breath-
ing-time between the shots, for two hours. We then
only had occasional discharges of the musketry till
eleven at night, when the firing was tremendous,
and we had quite enough of cannon and musketry to
deafen one for life. The insurgents returned the
fire from the houses in these streets, most of which
were in their occupation, but they were more careful
of their ammunition stores than the troops. The
troops by one o'clock in the morning had quite suc-
ceeded in stopping the barricades; but each side
retained their position, with only occasional dis-
charges of musketry, till Saturday morning. Early
on Saturday morning an order from Zapatero, the
Captain-General, was posted about the city, com-
manding the militia, whose sympathies were said to
be on the popular side, to disarm in one hour on pain
of death. This had, generally speaking, the desired
effect in Barcelona itself, but some joined the dis-
turbers. Shortly after eleven we were " drifted"
from a few hours repose into war. Our hotel and
some of the adjoining houses in the Rambla were
taken possession of by the troops, who really were
most prodigal in the discharge of ammunition from
the roofs, without taking particular aim at anything.
The troops, from the entrance to the disturbed
streets, and also from the roofs of these houses in
the Itambla, kept up a tremendous fire throughout
that day. The insurgents, from their position of
shelter in the houses in the disturbed streets, were
enabled to carry on a most fatal tire against the
troops at the entrance of those streets, and to single
eat the officers, among whom a general officer was
severely wounded. About two o'clock a barricade
was carried by the pioneers, and several prisoners
were captured. Ambulances, carrying dead and
wounded troops, kept going backwards and forwards
along the Rambla to the citadel throughout the day.
Many prisoners were taken by the troops, but no
attempt was made to penetrate these streets.
On Sunday morning at five o'clock firing com-
menced at all points, and was carried on without
cessation for eleven hours. It was evident that the
insurgents were making extraordinary efforts. Out-
side the walls a force came to relieve the insurgents.
Their approach had been anticipated by the troops,
and they were put to flight with the loss of twenty
killed, and some prisoners fell into the hands of the
troops. About half-past twelve foe southern fort and
the castle opened fire upon these disturbed quarters.
About four o'clock we heard a flourish of trumpets ;
the municipal authorities were proceeding down the
Rambla to the Captain-General to ask for a truce,
and to see if some accommodation could not be
effected. A temporary truce was granted. In the
meanwhile, the rioters were enabled to re-erect the
barricades, and to take also up a considerable part
of the pavement of one of these streets. As the
troops stationed at the heads of these streets were
much exposed, and were really suffering severely
from the fire of the insurgents from the houses, who,
without wasting their ammunition, were singling out
the officers, small ballproof inclosures were placed
here, the walls composed of sandbags, forming
shelter for the troops.
On Monday morning firing commenced at a very
early hour. It was now apparent that much more
decisive measures were being taken. All random
Bring from the houses was nearly stopped, and large
_bodies of troops, with artillery and battalions of in
rantry and cavalry, were being moved up, and con-
inued supplies of ammunition and stores. A large