The Press.
London, England, 1853-10-15 00:00:00

THE PRESS.

THE Itt:SSIAN STATEMENT OF
EASTERN QUESTION.
Snowy% 40F THE Waitammi fiaa.—The vital question
with every great nation of the large continents is the INkfi•
session of the embouchures of its rivers. A people which
occupies lands in the interior of a continent is irresistibly
pushed towards the shores of the Ilet:4111. If the thientel
question Is; viewed from this point, the so-vatted aggrate
disemepts charted upon the English and French. and
especially the Russians, appear to he hut the naturally-
onlained growing of All individual towards manful matinity.
This natural development of nations, however, proceeils
along the course of rivers, and finds its term at their em-
bouchures in the aea. Beyond this, a desire for aggrandise-
ment is einecupiseetice, and to-Moves plethora and obesity.
all signs of an altering and tottering organism. Thus it
was, fia many venom ies, one of the vital optesti•ons with
the Germans to displace successively, or by the sudden
Airco of &nisi, their Shivian neighbours from their primeval
seats, for the make of reaching, north and south, the shores
of the ocean. May we never forget that the original name
of I.eipzie is Lipowiza, the town of 1' •-trees ; that Pots-
dam means Pad dolanni. ander the oak; Stargand, Story
gored, the old town ; Pottienutia, the dwellings of thus' por-
moi•zsni, the Kea-dwellers, .Lee.! Hence, therefore, Germany
ham solved the vital question of nations at the expense of
the Slaves. And the same Germany utters now a cry of
indignation, that Russia is doing the same with those bar-
barian 111141111141e1N who are encamped, as it were, at the
mouths of' Russian ways of eonimimication.
For centuries past, nix., ever since the Russian Govern-
' meld hiss acquired a einiseionsness of its great vocation.
it has sillier eonahnMd or negotiated for extensi• In—l st
ward, la. East, aitli t bins, on account of tin. tants aieltures of
the Annan% 'Nil, Westerly, with the Schweliritter, Swedes
and Poles, for the thus of the Duna, Karma, and Neva.
:11.41, 144411111e11y, with the Tartars, Turks, Tehentisses, the
t:laviletiti, and gather Asiatic predatory leash's, on He-
enllllt of the southern etnboni•hines of Russian rivers.
Itli. It was only the month of the Itwine, and thus the com-
mand oldie Ice Sea, which was obtained. as it were, naturally,
by the discovery of the tilissage round the North Cape.
But the seas which Russia thus obtained are not pni•
perly the high twists, hut, mostly, meiliterraiteans. In the
north, winter, during eight lengthy penults. a friinble-
• gaoler, obstniels every communication ; in the west
the Seaniliitavians guard the Sllll4l, the gates of the Baltic
in the south the Turk kl.eps the Ilcllosnud las the Noi•
maps culled the llelb•spont I, the door of the Black Set.
I duly the MIME, the artery of %sitilie Russia, leads to an
open sea ; but its !Maids wits 1.011114'11y relinquished, by
ne.,...,ligence, to the Chinese. 11114 1111114 t, for the benefit of
1444111 l'), h, 11!/(1/// IIaWN ferIIII theta.
0111 northern rival, the winter, both arms awl
'lol'lll,4l'Y fire of uo avail. Ihit the other gates are gusoleil
by men. and these do not imiltastimil either their geogra-
phical or political position, if they intend hi behave
frivolity towards Russia. Because the gatekeeper must.
for his own interest, stand well with the landlord, else
both will fare ill. The Turks, however, do not seem to
lerstanil this ; and, blinded by a u•lble pride and
the recollei•t• of the deeds of their fin•efathers, they
mistake their present position, which is now merely one
of ttolenit: alter all, lacking vitality.
Russia st grow, mit sl it has real•beil its natumorilaitivil
size and magnitiple. This gooirth is end merely arbitrary.
Wit deeply resting upon an innermost propelling nature-
foree. Russia must possess the keys of bee house, whether
the gatekeepias be called kite,N, sultans. Nfiiil4 of the sun,
or cousins of the moon. Iti shirt, they have Gibe general.
governors. adherents •if the Russian empire: it hi their own
inti•rest which demands it. • • • •
The growth of Russia does nut go landward, lint seaward,
Russia has other things to do than to quarrel with its old
schoolmaster, the civilisation of tiermany. Russia, ill
coin! 11111 l with every intelligent peorie, wishes for hey sea
and land routes. and for a neighbourly understanding
with the Continent, ev.eeitilly with I h•rneasty.—.lll9.•
Z. ibmg.

W►: learn from Sheernesa that the Howe, 110. gun
tA) Ism taken carefully to pieces, for the re_
conversion of her timbers. The Ito►re is A new ship
—that is, she has only been once at SVA, tts flag ship
to Sir Charles Napier, when lie commanded an ex.
perimental squadron. She was then found to be a
cerm tine man.of war. Site is, we believe. nEslelled
after the t 'fi/etionia, which, until she was tinkered by
Sir Robert Seppings, was probably the finest ship in
time solid. Why, we ask, is the Howe to be broken
I.ir we unileistand this to be the meaning of re-
converting her timbem. The Mire, we suppose, cost
100,000/. building: a large sum for the Admiralty to
throw sway for some whim—Shipping Gazette.
Adder•. from Athens Mate that on the 31Ith aft, another
earthquake sas felt in that city and in Thebes.

SATURDAY,

JUNIUS.
TO THE EDITOR (F " THE ERESs."

Sir,—The revived controversy respecting the
author of Junius has acquired a livelier interest and
attracted public attention more forcibly from the
criticisms of the PRESS. Suffer me, then, to invite
your regard to one very important consideration
which has hitherto escaped the notice or been
universally overlooked by all who have speculated on
the subject. I allude to the rancorous feeling of
hatred entertained by that celebrated writer towards
George the Third ! Such feeling appears to have
been far too intensely, far too deeply rooted and
unquenchable, to have owed its origin to any other
source than that which springs front the wound of
personal suffering or the mortification of personal
vanity!
If, then. among the variety of distinguished cha-
racters who have been mentioned as the probable
author of those celebrated letters I name one who
had some imagined cause for cherishing the bitter
feeling alluded to, I furnish an additional motive for
entertaining the conjecture which would fix the
authorship on him.
Allow me to remind you of a very striking incident
in Woodfall's edition relating to Lord George Caven-
dish, who is described as having inquired of an
acquaintance if he had seen the Junius of that day ?
adding, "it is far more pointedly severe than any of
his previous invectives." Later, in that same day, a
statement appeared from the publisher announcing
that some unforeseen occurrence had prevented the
insertion of his correspondent's communication.
This, which seemed irresistibly to fix the responsi•
bility on Lord George, was afterwards explained on
the supposition that he might have read the
manuscript at the office of the Public Advertiser.
In the continuation of Hume's " history of
England," the writer, after studiously weighing the
evidence, inclines to acquit Lord George Cavendish
of the charge which the court-martial established.
An application to George 111. to have the case re-
considered was cong-oi‘—"ouslv, though reluctantly,
. ;

refused! Hine ilhv lacrynne May-not such re- -
fusal, if it really affected the author of the letters,
account in some degree for the venomous sarcasm
which sweltered in the writer's bosom?

.1s to Lord Temple's pretensions, yon, sir, have
convincingly Ilesinlyed them! And with regard to
Sir Philip Francis, there is nothing in any of his
literary etliwts which has any resemblance to the
balanced periods and elaborately-polished diction of
J nnins._ _

The unknown satirist distinctly declares that he is
the ►ole 414,positary of his secret, and that it shall
perish with him ! We can, therefore, have nothing
hut coMeeture to guide us; and, as far as that can
assist, the claims, as represented in the Quarterly
Review, appear decidedly in favour of Thomas Lord
Lytlelton. May Ibe permitted to Rad that I have
some family reasons f►r thinking many of them well
founded ?

With regard to Sir P. Francis, there was, some
time since, an anecdote current, which is perhaps so
far forgotten that you may pardon my rehearsing it.
A prominent character in the literary circle of
Holland-house was on one occasion expressly dele-
gated to apply to the suspected author for informa-
tion on the subject. Francis, guessing fr►m some
previous hints the object of the querist, when ad.
dressed, with much prefatory solemnity, for permi*.
sion to put an itnportant inquiry, sternly drew
himself np, and at once replied, •" At your peril " !
Such continent is certainly in the tone of a loan
who thinks himself imrertinently " inquired of," and
who feels at once embarrassed and affronted by the
tpiestionist. 'cleat (Isla aIII IR !
With every ap►logy 1. ,r the intrusion of the pre-
ceding ti marks,
I am, sir, with distinguished respect,
Your very obedient servant,
VivAtru.

FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE.
Thooky, October 11.

IIANKRUPTS.—SANI-Et, COOPER, Iterlilil IR end thightim,
builder.-31..sEs I)tcAvr:it, Ilirh•street, Southwark, and Hem..
inue. straw.honitet ineker.—CHARLES sr.A. RI I. Winchester,
lil.Akm•Ot n, cisiematt-street, New North-mud.
I,lolglim, mot elsewhere. Istker.--91AY EM MANMEIELD MIRO
i‘m stt.uoti, Manchester, leather-
,eller.—.% N N Bee tat Ile n'. .4. LiVerpOld busier.
~cl'OT('H sEquESTItATIONS.—R. INnLAi,Glasgow. ttre-
lioluwinsti.—.l. PATERSON. Altos. prem.—W. LAwsox. Linlith-
gow, hotel•keeper.---J. H. W. A NOEREON, Glasgow, manufacturing
eheinist.—P. Kilentinviek, stater.—P. FEROUPON, lute of
(II ogßow, 4001/3446411011 agent.—U. BonT.ANP, Loudon, Ayr-biro,
farmer.

Friday, ilcluber 1:t.
IIANKTIUTTS.—Ow rx mil ions and Wild TAM Ank)l44,
Fia.ddey-road, St. John's Wood, budderw--nons IitNEER, Hove,
!..11.Mr collket•lMer—F.l.o %M. Rot: lIENSI.EY, llonowynNttol.
Middles, \--Factordttea 1 ToIN, flirminghani. Niekmaker—
ORME, K. Mar I.4me•street, mold liWeinstfr.-.lolkErli
WHITE. East l'oweA, (ftle or Wizht.
PE nu t. Western Volle)s lan, Newport, M.dinomtladdre, pabld.
edn—Wll.l.l%3l BENNE I-I, Helniru, York-biro. cotton spiatier.

THE NEW PENNY Ercrter SrAmes came into u 4
on Tuesday last. No less than 0,500,000 stamps
have been &heady issued to the public.

OCTOBER 15. 1833.

Yittraturt.

Kismet ; or, the DO(110 erio•key. By Charles
Miletilliallt!. Loudon : Bosworth.
Ma. MACI AR LANE'S views on Turkey are gene-
rally known ; and his present work may be
regarded as a consistent sequel to " Constan-
tinople in Is2s" and " Turkey and its I
tiny. • It is sufficient for 118 to say that in
many respects his opinions differ from our own
conclusions, while their practical bearing is tip
posed the common and accepted obligation
of English statesmen to maintain the Turkish
empire. But, with this qualification, we can
commend Mr. Mitelarlane's book as a most in-
structive MIA entertaining contribution to the
Eastern controversy. In so far as it is a compibt-
tion it is compiled with judgment and a matured
knowledge of the value ()fits materials. Where
the argument is drawn from facts which have
been observed by himself the statements are as
vivid its the experience is considerable. Mr. MdC-
farlame has these claims to be heard as a witness
to the state of the Turkish empire :
I first went to Turkey in the glimmer of lw:7, was there
when the battle of NaVlU'illo was fought. and remained
in the country until the end of the year IS•2/4. After the
long ifttervid of twenty years I returned to the beautiful but
desolated country, and combined my reseurehea from the
month of August, Isl 7. tee the month of July, let's.
had ao other occupatid In or '0W411128,4 to attend tie, and
I had every possible facility afforded me for collecting
information and getting at the truth. 1 certainly spared
no trouble. I examined everything with my own eyes.
Except the harems and the n• recesses of the seraglio
and the other pahwes of the Sultan, I saw everything in
C aistantinople. where I resided about five mouths. I
travelled over the best province in Asia Minor, ionweedling
as far as Kutayah, and making numerous excursions in
various directions. On the Ear,,ean side I took a
t *refill and iii i t mte survey of all the cowry which lies
1 etwds-u Constantinople and Adrianople, and passed some
time at the hater city and a neighbouring village on the
kinks of the Ilehms. I occupied myself mainly in 1.X9-
mining the state it agriculture, and studying the elm& ion
df the pimple, or the varif leis pefdplea, nations, or races that
live tinder the rule of the Sultan. Securely less theit than
now I etowsillereil it of the highest pddlitical anise:wade
to England that the tote eunditi4sl of the into empire
should be made known.
Its true condition he regards as the last stage
of a decay concealed from European eyes by
the bulletins of the journalists in the interests
of Redsehid Pacha. The latter statesman,
with his plans, he treats as a great imposture,
unfairly implying, as we think, that they are
of no practical value, because they have not in
a single generation procured a complete social
as well as political revolution. There is much
truth, no doubt, in the representations of Mr.
Maefierlane that many of the pretentious re-
forms of Turkey are a mere Parisian varnish
over a rotten substratum, and that the new
Turkish system continues to atlcall tee
cruelty, obstinacy, rapacity, and lust. We
have yet, however, to learn that the energy of
the rues and their resources for empire Jire
impaired to the degree assumed. Mr. Mac-
farlane condemns, apparently with good rea-
son, the equipment and materiel of the Turkish
army, important considerattons at this mo-
ment :
with the exception of the ugly, inconvenient, and me
healthy fuzz or red skullcap, their nuiforins dm now en-
tirely European. The hest regiments, the Sultan's guards,
would' look tolerably neat but for a terrible sluvenlineaa
about the legs and feet. All the soldiers are slipshod :
their boots and shoes, which are evidently never notched
by brush, much less by blacking, are LAIN made and big
and fantasy, and go tar to spoil the whole appearance of
the wearers. When cleaned at all. they are pia under the
spout of a fountain, and then rubbed over with a hired'
broom. Hence a source of constant catarrhs and other ma-
lathes, which. In the trying climate of Ccustfuitinople, are
very apt to terminate in bronchitis and consumption. more
e pecially among the young recmita, who are dragged over
f on' the warm, sunny parts of Asia Minor. In the dreary
winter nights of 1517-S it was distressing to hear the pour
%cannel, and men at the different corps de garde coughing
as if they would cough their lungs den. The soldiers must
nut enter the banaekorooms with their shoes or boots cu.
These are thrown offat the doer: tithe men leave slippers y
put them on ; if Old y have not which is usually the CRAY I
o-). must walk on the soles of their cotton siwks. Rut
t . bairn' Obtains everywhere : there is no walking a
hundred lards in I :OHM antitatle without being covered
wfili mud in winter and dust iii summer ; and then the
Musiodnidihs, with almost the strictness of religions obser-
vance. cousider the carpets and mattings as things to be
tioddlen doily by clean slippers or bare feet. Luther matters
the tai its dtthe people are stronglyopposed nd the Earopean
c ,stiund —id • Mit jneket% and tight pantaloons. Every.
Tuck oiddw iu 't ce. or at all connected with the Cloven'.
mut, whether in a military or a civil capacity, uvw dresses