The Express.
London, England, 1852-09-06 00:00:00

THE TUSCAN STATE TRIALS.

The witting of the Royal Court of the 27th ult.
was entirely taken up with the discussion of the
objection started by Guerrazzi, on the ground of
incompetency of the court.
The substance of the indictment against Guerrazzi
is, that, while a minister and deputy, he played an
important part in the meeting of the chiefs of clubs
and other agitators, which was held at the Palazzo
Vecchio on the night of the 7th of February, 1849
(just preceding the day on which the revolution
broke out). That his nomination was agreed to
there, which he accepted without hesitation
or reserve, consenting to form a provisional
government with Muzzini and Montanelli, which
was to replace the legitimate government ; and
that at the said meeting the acts of violence
were concerted which were executed on the follow-
ing day. That he (Guerrezzi) made certain declara-
tions in the senate which were openly hostile to the
Grand Duke; ordered armed expeditions to drive
the latter from Tuscany, and commanded one in per-
son to oppose the attempt of General Laugier to
restore the legitimate government. That ho decreed
laws for the same purpose, attempted to oppose the
restoration of the 12th of April at Florence, abolished
the Council-general and Senate, and replaced them
by one single assembly. That he changed the elec-
toral law and fundamental principle of election, and
attempted as far as possible to destroy the inde-1
pendenee of Tuscany. Against Romanelli, the in-
dictment sate forth that he was a minister of the pro-
visional government, and in that capacity aided in
suppressing the name and authority. of Leopold
11. in all public acts; and in framing the laws
of the 22nd of February and 23rd of March, which
he afterwards executed, by going in person toArczzo
at the head of a column of troops to suppress a move•
ment which had broken out there; that on this occa-
sion he neglected no act by which he might show his
hostility to monarchy and his enthusiasm for the
republic. Joseph Lami, in the same indictment, is
described as Secretary of the Popular Club at Flo-
rence, and accused of having, before and after the
Bth of February, carried on criminal correspondence
with emissaries from other clubs, in order to excite a
republican feeling; been ono of the most violent ,
agitator.; taken a prominent part in the troubles
which broke out at Siena against the Grand Duke,
and been a member of the military commission
named for the province of Arezzo. Capeahi, late
sergeant of grenadiers, is accused of having excited
the people to name the provisional government.
Pantanelli, aged 23, is accused of having acted as
secretety to the Popular Club of Siena, taken a
prominent part in the troubles there, co-operated in
the overthrow of the Grand Ducal arms, excited the
soldiers to break their oath, and several times de-
claimed against the Grand Duke. Valtancolida
Montazio, late director of the paper called the Popo-
lane, is accused of having, by means of the press,
provoked rebellion, the overthrow of the constitu-
tional monarchy, recommended the sovereignty of
the people, and the establishment of the Republic.
Petracchi is accused of having commanded the ex-
pedition to Elba, in order to expel the Grand Duke
from that island, and of having attempted, at Bosco-
lunge, to oppose the restoration which had already
been effected.

The court commenced its sitting of the 2Rth ult.
by the reading of a sentence rejecting the objection,
on the ground of incompetency, moved by Ouerrazzi.
'I he counsel for the defence immediately presented
a declaration of their intention of appealing to the
Court of Cessation, and moved that the court should
direct the proceedings on the merit of the cue to be
suspended until the incident had been decided by the
Supreme Court of Cessation. The court overruled
this motion, on the ground that no appeal to the
Court of Cessation could be admitted on the question
of competence, but that the appeal must be deferred
until the whole ease shall have been tried and

decided, when it may comprise both the in-
cident and the met-its. After which the court ad-
journed.

GERMANY.
THE ZOLLVEREIN.

BERLIN, Sere. 2.
After remarking that the negotiations for the re-
newal of the Zollverein have reached a stage which
promises a speedy definitive issue, and that Prussia
now treats the question about the future commercial
relations with Austria, not as the cardinal question,
but as a mere incidental inquiry, so that the other
party may pretend to have got the desired answer,
our correspondent continues : The majority of
people here think that the parties are willing to slur
over difficulties, and to hush up the controversy in
this way. The credit of having hit upon this pro-
ems of mediation is generally ascribed to the Hano.
verian prime minister, M. von Schele; and the tone
in which the Ilanoverian plenipotentiary expressed
his approbation of the Prussian declaration is so self-
congratulating, that it does look like an assumption
of the fathership.
After the declarations (he said) given by the six
governments on the 21st inst., and by Prussia on the 30th
inst., the Hanoverian government regards the previous
diversity of opinion as set aside, and cherishes the firm
conviction that an end will be put to a crisis which has so
deeply menaced the strength and pesce of Germany, the
unity and confidence between German states, and the
wealth, industry, and content of the nation. In order to pro-
mote, as far as It can, the quickest conclusion of an agreement
the Hanoverian government does not hesitate at once to de-
clare that it accedes not only to Prussia's present declare.
tion as to form and substance of the treaty to be concluded
with Austria, but also to the Wiesbaden protocols of last
year. On the other .hand, Hanover confidently prikijacs
that the six governments (whose wishes with regarde
treaty with Austria, as expressed in their joint declar..tion of
the 21st inst. have, in Hanover's opinion, received satisfac-
tion) do nut harbour the intention of deferring the binding
conclusion of the treaty for renewing the Zollverein till
after the settlement of all or certain motions, which have
been or may yet be made at the present confer-
ence*. For the full settlement of those motions will require
considerable time; and there is among them none
which might not be expected to find a eatisfaci-
tory settlement after the renewal of the Zollverein
or which, even if that were not the case, could be deemed of
such importance that it would not be far outweighed by the
evils and dangers inseparable from a protraction of the pre-
sent uncertainty. In conclusion, the Hanoverian govern-
ment, with reference to the term fixed fur its engagements
by article 14 of the September treaty, feels itself bound to
declare, that it would not be in a position to depart from
the condition of a deration of twelve years for the renewal
of the Zollverein, such having hitherto bees the indubitably
assumed basis of negotiations. The shortening of this
period would be detrimental to commerce and industry, and
would in a high degree hinder the further fruitful co-
operation of the Zollverein allies. Hanover considers that
the retention of the basis, hitherto assumed, does not pre-
clude, during the course of the twelve years, Lego-
tiatiutis with Austria for further approximation, and,
when the obstacles shall have disappeircd, the
amalgsmation of the two customs' districts, end it honestly
wishes that the time may not be too far distant when this
may take place with a prospect of success. It is convinced,
however, that the attainment of the aforesaid aim will be
the more easy the more this matter, which affects so deeply
the finances, commerce, and industry of the respective
state, is left to be matured by the development of polito-
economical relations.

The plenipotentiaries of Oldenburg, Brunswick,
and the flaxen Duchies, briefly notified their unpin-
Mimi accession to the Prussian declaration. The
plenipotentiaries of the coalition received the decla-
ration without any remark.
In a very few days we shall learn, from the ex-
pressions of the semi-official press in Austria and the
coalition gates, what we are to think of the matter.
I can hardly brin t myself to believe that Austria,
after the course which it has hitherto taken; alter
having engendered and fomented the strife among
the members of the Zollverein, abetted the Darmtadt
coalition, and dictated the coalition's last unconei-
. Hitting declaration, will give up it• project of draw-
ing Over the southern states of the Zollverein.