The Express.
London, England, 1852-11-20 00:00:00

Vbe Court.

WINDSOR, Nov. 19.
The Queen and Prince, accompanied by that royal
&Om sad visitors staying at the Cull., attended by the
Mass sad pitleaten in waiting, arrived from London at •
tam mlemege post six o'clock last evening.
nalmey, Prime Albert, and the royal family dined
▪ =Albert, meneapesied by Me Des de Brabant, the
Oasts de llMairee. the Priam el lailagra, awl Priam
Ileamma of Haltealehe, weal eat ehamelap- mamehts,
Weald by the Earl el Venda. mod LisaL.Cebast the
Haat A. firiqoa. . . .

CTala-t1 is Keinkerke wu la dineelesse en the &Wes
illness.

The Austrian Minister had a. interview with the Earl of
Derby yesterday, at his sada reekleases to Downing.
I Menet
Onitlaia Pearly bed as interview wllb WrJohn Pekinese
yesterday. at the Osienial•ellee. Owed' Castes had also
ea interview with stn debt hes. Ineseel.
• devatetisa,
site: et neseedeb tbe Beard of
Trade, les the Wendt Of Seeds Ibishis. Sear
dodo* Weeps* , Greseseb, Lela, sad ether
theta ebestee et lasesperadea,
Calyillergeberebeles• .ay .et he prated to thliailellerlbilis
Anodes, threw ittemoiip Osaptim ceasthaverpreend that
sob &Men are *gems le did spirit of vase ester-
** awl teal to shoe bee esespeddra, an latarview
with the Might Men. J. W. Healey usi Lard Oddment
, at the Beard of Treas. The devaluates ear
diedof Mr. Sawa, M.P., Mr. Tenser, NLP, Mr. J.
Malb.P., Mr. Hudson, Denim )11,P., Lord
, ld.P., Mr. ifeynteur, M.P., Mr. taut, M.P.,
Mr. Smeller; M.P., Mr. When, M.P. Mr. Davideos,
M.P., Mr. Cabe; M.P., Mr. Deabp, M.P., Mr. Dame
Gibb, and Mr. Cemerd.
The of Onatedury had as interview with
Sat=itdpsie yestemby, at the Hease-ellies.
Mr. Paster, LP, bed as iaterdew yesterday
with dr led Derby
Demabberwsee nesived at the Oolealai-olleo frost the
Goesteesset the West India Islands
Despessboweesesat yesterday to the"Cria
K". 1•142.1.1 16eseaesey. eof How

A Qdoinet Coosa was held yesterday aftereoon at
the Foreign-aloe, Downierstreet. The Council sat
two hours.

We are happy to state that the Marquis of Nor
niasiby's 'thick having paned aC hie kids* peegresr
lag rapidly towards complete ritesmy.

(71011 TAIT NIORT'S Gamma).
DOWNING-STRUT, NOVEMBIZ 17. —TheQom her
beta greeteeely pleased to give ordm for the eggekeeteet
Biz
ble BAIA
he Heraterd, -Knight, Chid Ariel he Am
odeof Astiga s eettiLeateetret, to ea Oeilemealeee•
bet a the Civil Divides it the Tidal Claw, or Oespeame
of the Meet Hoseerebk Order of the Bath.

NEW DEPUTY

Urletk Llswellvs, IrsTiiaq7lWit.;;:Calvest Iflri
clerk, William ~ sad JOIM Inithsk
Carus, Esq., D.C.L. sad borristovat-law.

THE MILITIA.
(nom ion inoaT's Gonna)

Tr. teneieing eoutimbeisas have beeetsigned
Camels Melee Hwy While. late et she 14th Ragland
of=be et le the_ loyal Chellake Witte.
Vaawyk Bowie. lase esptais, 62e4
LW hammy, le be edbitatit, Vet preeteted,
telbelleyel Istalnitic Mao eihmeelf
'atm Alois r
jos
itidisabudelonsitadtas
aktila the
ever/ Ohelliair. to le:asteht, eke Beim
deemed, la the too Owe legiteral et Mellheithire

cofmd:l=e die rimier, Neg., to be soglois, is the
Use* Seed the younger, gest., to be lindessat, is

dioliristopba Robert Pestbertes, Esq., to be ciptato, bt

Robot loses Adams, lit, is be eaptsia, in ditto.
Thomas George Blames, Esq., to be amain, iadltto.
Thema William Chutes Riddell, Eq., to be septa", in
the Royal Northumberland Regiment of Militia.
Frederick Lama Woomera, pat., to be Bestesast, is
ditto.

Memo Charlie Grasser, asst, to be miss, is ditto.
Maass Jame Pearls Kies, to be liestessat, Mee Patsy,
eareeseded, is the Royal blessouth Militia.

Tuz Dumas or ClLoomorna.—We are happy
Maw that Ur Awl Ifigliaere's health is gristly improved
MOM dim baths dap. Oa Triads, her Royal Blesser
=lslsvelevre Se Lady Caroline Courtney sad Ludy
&Un met • sad parlseday to Mrs. Birt sad Lady
Lad Okiamispdses Barlturst arrived at Om Bed-
Will es . en a visit to bee Repel High-
INNNOUt alas, her depertum.—Brighien
elk.

NiM APPLICATION OP 11011.—A manufacturer in
II Me invented a mode of applying a sigaGgo•
mike le whisk ambles it to take freely the
meek of • It is said to be muck lighter, aad
e 4
mei be liakhe Is Wary thaw a mamas alate.—Jhuisty
Aurn

THE NATIONAL I'OOR.LAW

Mew the Doug Nings.l
on the resolutions of " the National
Aesesiation " have called forth a reply from
do Ii 1s lieeretwp, Mr. STAB. The letter is an
one--and this is all we modesty about its tone
for we see no oceiudixi for anger in a
Weller in which it is scarcely possible fee personal
=Lets be involved. Parnag over the wrath,
we have to observe that our notice of the
objeets of the "National Poor-law Association " was
derived from their own resolutions, passed at the
Osskropee at Manchester. Of these resolutions we
mean account last week; and it appears by Mr.
Mat's latter that we rightly apprehended their
elit difference with the Association and its Secre-
tary is as to that object. In the first resolution, the
Conference "pledges itself individually and collect-
ively to inaressed exertions in promoting the more
general edsodea of the humane and economical
system alumina"' labour pmposed by the Poor-
law Amlo•uAlkelld in procuring the abrogation of
all legal aid Ow restrictions which at present in-
terfere with the has agency of Boards of Onardians
in the purchase nod talus' of land, and the dis-
posal of the probes of We industrial operations
carried on is miens =MS so as not to interfere
with independent Wane
This is maw mere nee bin than a to re.
turn to Ids meet peter sad of the un-
reformed Pert-law , *ft we anticipate, will it
term by Parliament if " the subject " be
bale it. Paupularming is a labour rate
under amidst name; it is out-door relief in its
injustice to Mr independent labourer; it is rivalehip
with the tiesooy sr an encroachment on the rate-
pa sr er both i it is payment of labour
tri rates. It is everything that the
Asaaiol Peer-law was made to correct, and in-
vanes a bolt of mischiefs which that law has
esesserid. A pauper farm would presently be what
the pope gravel-pit was of old—the place where
the hosiers sent for a man when they wanted him,
ad linen they sent him back in the middle of a
say day. It would be the place where labour
wadi be hired at harvest and other busy timer
preshely the times when the pauper-farm itself, like
odor bras, would need all procurable hands. It
veal be the place to which labour would be re-
minded in the dull times of year, as the old work-
buss used to be; and when, of course, labour would
be least wanted on the pauper-farm. The case is like
that of the West India plan ten, who complain sadly
of the effect on the whole of society of the pauper-
farm system the provision grounds which eke
out the labourer's subsistence, and which absorb the
labour precisely when it is most wanted, and set it
free when no sufficient wages are to be had. If it be
not so,—if the pauper labourers are not to be hired
by the farmers when wanted, then the mischief
would take the form we indicated last week: the
onadoo of a class of society who, in virtue of their
fribriority, physical or moral, are aided and privi.
bpi in the face of the independent labourer, and
way at his expense. There is no escape from this.
If the able bodied who cannot get work may be
tame by the farmers from off the workhouse 6srm
whoa wanted, the workhouse farm cannot be
mho to answer • and if not, then we hare
=mg us the deadly mischief of an established
ciao of able-bodied papers who are to be main-
tained, like slaves, whatever may be the quality of
their labour and the diminution of the fund by which
labour is supported. There is no fear of this, how-
ever. The day is put for the restoration of a labour
rate and all such abuses, even if a fresh demand for
labour were not becoming more remarkable from day
to day.
The "Conference" took for granted that the labour
Wets of our workhouses are " useless," while their
blear on the land would be " ',inductive." They
have been in rather too great a hurry about this.
In one place that we happen to know of—a
place devoured by pauperism, where the labour-
ing population had got into • bad state through
• half-and half method of relief—the stone-
brooking, at Is. 6d. per yard, was tried as a test.
It was anything but "useless." In three week',
the pauper applicants were • vety small band—
having sunk from 600 to 60 ; of the 60, only six
beebe stones at is. 6d. per yard. The fund which
had before been absorbed in the maintenance of this
host of beggars was set free to employ them in
labour, for which there was a natural demand. As
for the other conclusion of the " the Conference "
the productiveness of the pauper-farming they pro-
pose, both reason and experience authorise us to say
that it is a delusion. Reason shows that if the agri-
cultural labour were wanted, it would not be found
at the workhouse door. If it is heard knocking
there, it is char that it is either not
wanted on the land, or that it is not good enough
to be worth placing there; in either of which
swop there is but poor promise of the productiveness
of peeper farm. And the experiment is old enough.
Any one who has studied the history of our Poor-
laws—as an Association of Reformers is bound to
have done—must remember abundance of cases
where the outlay was reckoned by hundreds, and the
returns by tens of pounds.
_ _

Nobody has any objection to a society of benevo-
lent men trying any experiment they plain ke the
relief of the poor, if they will take tbe risk
upon themselves, and be careful not to meddle
with other people's resources. What we object to,
and what Parliament will object to, is their
connecting their scheme,—in name and in inten-
tion—with the Poor-law. If the emaciation
likes to buy or hire land, and invite the destitute to
come to them, instead of going to the workhouse, let
them do so. We know beforehand that the scheme
will not answer, but let them try. What we object
to is their hop to make the workhouse a place of
board and lodging, at the. public expense,. for their
proWe, w • experiment is proceeding. The
workhouse is for the helpless—for not only the infirm
and infantine, as Mr. STARE supposes, bat for the dis-
tressed and hungry—helpless for want of employment.
To all these the workhouse secures a maintenance,
at all events. It did so during those terrible years
is Ivekead, when, Mr. Brett sin the inmates
were idle wife., as eye witnesses could tell him, they
were etreggling with fever and emaciation, and dying
by luindriis ii a day. The Poor-law was the sal:
ration of these who survived, and their " idleness"
during that awful season was never before, as we
believe, beeeght as a reproach against either them
or their ton. As they have gained strength,
Orgy have gone to work; not on pauper farms, nor
with a view to self-supwt, but to afford industrial
training for the children, and (as in England) to
bens the outlay of the houses for clothing and ve-
getables.. . . _

We think now, as we thawed last week, that
there b ebendaet seep for the besevolent activity of
the geetlemes et the "Conformal' in diverting men
been the weekhrem. Ifs peeper farm tombs made
to answer at all, it can do sae wittiest being enameled
with the workhouse. thou Peer-law Coeafmfa
woad dy bear the rem anent of the whole
if it were to enter the field of productive
indb=nzieCssileshoer at the expense of the
teed he the recompense of a
higher Mora mod thee absorbing the n-
eaten et the bentry as ns of the
Let century did loader Farmer Omar.. Farmer
Oeotwit knew as better thole to order that every
labeereir=stailLai =ea to the number
et his to inspire where
the antedeteeee bed was to came from. The bitter
sceperbeee he bit es has taught le—Parliatesed and
duty of leaving the demand and reward
rilliW i
free. By keeping one peepers out of the
labour market for twenty yews, we have reedied
the happy point of the labour marled new begging
r car paupers, aftalig the mped et ear soon
having taw left bet the Won sod abeam whom
it is the duty and *AMIN of misty to support and
train. AU that oodetywill aek d the "National Poor-
law Association • is to change ib Name, end to aver
its objects from the Poor Law altogether. Under
another name they can dig, and spin, and weave, and
set up their stall in the corn market, and their shop
in town or village, just as well; and they will not
have to incur refusal from Parliament, or the serious
responsibility of meddling with the rates. We shall
give them our good wishes in any benevolent
enterprise, and shall thank them for any illus-
tration of economical and social. principle which may
come out of it. Our objection is to their wanting to
lay hands on the rata—to seize hold of the local
taxes—to do it with. Louis BLANC workshops'
will never do. If the "National Amociation" con-

, .
tinge that proposal, we shall cry ',Hands off!" till
Parliament mettles the matter, which we have no
doubt it will do in a trios,—if the subject should
actually be brought before it.

THE FRIENDS OF ITALY.
The following is the petition of the Society of the
Friends of Italy, adopted at a meeting of the mem-
bers a few days since:
The humble petition of the members and friends of the
Society of the Friends of Italy, assembled in public meet-
ing at the Mina Hall, Sten-strut, Bedford-square, Lon-
don, on Wednesday evening, Nov. 10, IM2—Sheweth,
That on the 9th of February, 1819, the Pope having left
his metropolis more than two months before, and all
attempts piths provisional authorities to lead him back
having failed, • republican government was adopted at
Rome, and the temporal power of the Pope abolished, by a
constituent amiably, issued from peacefully exemind uni-
versal suffrage, and duly elected by 343,000 votes, oat of •
population of two millions and a half.
That this republican government was decreed in that
assembly, by 143 votes against elevea • and the temporal
power of the Pope abolished by
.149 van against five.
That, by these almost unanimous votse—by the joyful
acceptance by the people of the Itoman states of that double
declaration, in a time in which the new government had
neither army nor treasury—by the utter (Awe of all
excommunications, intrigues, and plots of the Popo and his
priestly party—by the official confirmatory vote soutane-
mud, given by almost all tie town (*nulls or municipali-
ties, whilst foreign armies had already invaded the noun-
try and the republic seemed verging to its an—by the
t enthusiastic defence of Ancons, Bologna, and
gallant enthusiastlo defence of Aucocsl Bologna, and
Rome, against the Austrian, French, and Neapolitan in-
vaders—it appears that the double proclamation of the re-
publican form of government and of the abolition of the
Pope's temporal power, was In accordance with the univer-
sal wishes of the population : That moreover, this fact has
been acknowledged and confirmed in • series of dispatches
from British agents to her Majesty's government, which all
tend to support the words used in • despatch of May 3,
1849, from Sir George Hamilton to Lord Palmerston "In
Rome, an hatred of priestly government seems to bo
deeply rooted in the minds of` the great mass of the
people."
That, during nearly five months of existence the repre-
sentatives of the Roman republic displayed, in the words
of • dispatch of the bth of May (1819) from Mr. Freeborn
to Lord Palmerston " both courage and moderation."
That, notwithstanding these solemn facts, a league of
the isir called catholic powers, France, Austria, Spain and
Naples was hatched, under the auspices of the Pope at
Gaeta, for the purpose of overthrowing the Roman re-
public and reinstating the papal temporal government;
and that, under the unprovoked, ungrounded, and un-
suspected attack of those powers, mainly of France
and Austria, the Roman republic was, after a long struggle
and with a large amount of bloodshed and loss of-property,
finally overthrown.
That no protestation, no official sign of dialers., your peti-
tioners grieve to say, took place from the liberal government
of Oflllt Britain against such a gross and insolent violation
of all recognised international principles ; but that, on the
contrary, from various declutches, and especially from one
of Lord Nonnanby to Lord Palmerston, dated April 19,
1819, it appears that "the restoration of the Pope under
an improved form of government" was likewise the ex-
pressed
object of her Majesty's government.
That although such an object and such a line of *Padua
were, according to your petitioners, a deviation from the
principles which ought to rule the external manifestations
of a liberal and protestant nation, still, the view expressed
in the despatches alluded to being len immoral than the
one entertained then by Austria and the Pope himself, it
ought, at lust, to have been and still to be adhered to and
hunted upon.
That it was and is so much the more rational and easy to
do to, inasmuch as the declarations and solemn promises
given by the French government were, during the war
with Rome, framed in the alma spirit, and almost consti-
tuting • sort of bilateral compact between the British and
French governments.
That, as a proof of this, your petitimiers have only to
quote from a series of official acts belonging to the two go-
vernments—the despatch of April 19 Lord Normanby
to Lord Palmerton, in which "the improved form of
government" was defined to consist in "readiness to carry
out those administerial reforms which bad been proposed
18 years since, and also to confirm those constitutional in-
stitutions which the present Pope had previously granted of
his own free will." To the despatch, dated April 17, from
Monsieur Drouyn de Limy' to Monsieur do la Cour, say-
ing, "Our intention is not to impure on the Roman people
• system of administration which their free will would
have rejected ;" to the despatch addressed on the 19th of
April by M. Drouyn de Lhuys to Admiral Cecille, stating
that the object of the intervention was" ta guarantee the in-
dependence of the Italian states, and to secure to the Roman
people &liberal and regular system of administration:" to
the proclamation dated Civita Vecchia, April 24th, and
signed by Colonel Espiritu for General Oudinot, saying,
" the government of the French Republic, animated by a
liberal spirit, declares that the wishes of tho majority of the
Roman people shall be respected." "It is more-
over resolved not to impure on this population any form of
government which is not desired by it." To a despatch,
signed by Lord Palmerston, June 12th, where it is stated
' that the rusasillation which is their (the French govern-
mont's) Apostle effect between the Pope and the Roman
peep* might le be headed ea the basis that the Pope
AIWA mahWa eabetantielly the representative constitu-
tion which he granted to his States, and that there
should be • roil and effectual separation between the
tengeral sad nibbled power of the Pope as sove-
reign of the Zama States." To the answer to the
dogma, I. which Monsieur de Tocqueville
alleg se the line of conduct of ths
severnmene, theeni seribeisse to which Lord Palms F
n had
had
eamme. Abet thsk (thermic& invaders) fist cars would be to
ems the imistitutional liberties of the Romans, as al-
ready
should- the Pop. and to take care that his
autnanty shoe not be re-established on that arbitrary
footing which had formerly bees found inconsistent with
the good government of the people." To the counter-
answer otthe 3rd of July, in which Lord Palmerston says,
" Hee 'a government are glad to find that your ex-
eallearg has nosed that these imitations are the
sans as the news asigtadly ink** by the French po-
mmel* While *sir impilidea sailed*? Civita Vecchia."
To emetilar hopes* dal* July 3, from the Marquis of
Nammeity to Lied Pfgesersees, is which it is again amerced,
"That the resin geensiteat only desired seek a solution
of the Banes )sashes as Ind bees eineeelled by her
s gresessmat, asmiy, the rosisemisa ef the govern-
iesst4".the Peps with awmeMnlloamlgueeaaesm. To the letter
touT=eatraardinery of imam Poi" Monsieur de
Seehuing, ea t .13th of has, that the_ Ikea
of Fifa* intervention was " the liberty of the bead of
the shank the liberty of the Romeo rats sad the peace
of the weld-sad to allay other parts of oath otlStaal sets
end dlipstshes.
The it was at all mate clearly stated on all sides that
the ate= the Roman states would be a mason of
a liar
net this is proved-1. By a despair& signed Prince
Isineormabag, sad dated April 20, whieh ear :—" The oh-
net of war latervendoe is soother this the re-establishaent
of the legitimaste governasat sad if land order: whenever
that elgestabsil have bees atria* sal it will be
s°,
ee
ibef4Nylititode lboonem treaserd"Pala;u will "oloa—"In" the para.
vibe , *Meg " That a prolosged eessestion
et tin shyer et Remo by the Peep stony hre*n
power would be, with mod be* Is Ile phonies and its
*ln ism** be sesideL" IL By • de-
' F2'2111:4 Primmer le Threat Peassaby, dated
• idir lar Mr*. that a rsteradia er ths Pope to hie
Mot milieu! authority by ths hues if assign arms,
=Ms the
,itetisa of an* a assamme la prat of
wield bs baked apes as a teieparers ar-
811=11asewilibersadier these and east 'Aral declara-
tions ea the demi& pale of the temisasy sad of the des-
tie. of the bee* eaempation, Arida end France have
remelablebed the Swam unlimited authority of the Pope,
ass• sad elle tonapying the Reiman States after • lapse of
Wm
01hr:s=
That no has bent seceded,
as gaseenies pima, ast a ==atlitherty gamed se the
&sea people, end that
_pulsed, shamble gersameat still
uheales is safety in the Arm Maass.
That the poses is paged. Whiled Mat, violated, ad-
. selsineslisamanaTiband oreaptisa suds a system,
team OineliOnel tOrilifild end denied
throughout the mint et the lose* tanks y. seisms
Thee in spite eta aumieed eirseng posted, sad seisms
promises given bellt by the Peps sad by the Ikea& la-
' voltam thetas= should net be rolled essupt an
out
of angrapits here bra Want out et
korseglits,, made erherliss throws !Modes, poverty, then
seeds &sena at ea% thernesals raised le threesome,
' hunbeis that by the &lemma or the Peps ins its rola-
' miesmsator by_ Ans sad Perish iiiiimay seencils.
That &Wag tho math slime II perm have been
shin la flimionlis. sod M le Amines I *et ether wholesale
easeadeas an ism le lets plies ; sad that, se if killing
alias meld mt ea** the eersegsral hell of the papa
=ll%the et the TWIN have bra prolonged
ore may or the seeteness pameassed
IR lin -waft beim their ementisa. so so se same
thee sad ihsir amain Ss Wager through the whole el that
, pared la a suasion esinease, a leagikeed spay be-
twos. bap sal despair, betwesa )ilksad death.
That year pallibiaers believe ma* a ease of things in our
' 19th arelloy. sad in a country geyser by the very man
' 'be edema Is help the war of Italia& isinemdeses in
111111, burrs the Croats were Christians, sad be add not
abed Christie. bleed, to be ebeime, and a
dark spot, ad 'sly on the ketasalead of leeptiner Pope, I
but of all saline calling themeless snaked, and
Christian, who leek ea usained and indifferent at
nab naasactioea.

TIM Ile fluty et Meg sontelisbg towards putting an
wl OD war ea abasund °sedition sf some millions of
ear *Abu statues b greatly inarsessi by the fact that
wadi a esolitieu be* maintained by a torei Austrian
awl nes* isbesaation uslamtal and in its
prier** /Abbas to all its premisss. indeinits as to
tine. threshing is its &Mazy and politieal batwing to
the rights and to the iatereeta of all nations.
- - - - -

Thai it is still increased by the feet that the people
they torment and slaughter is that noble Roman people,
to whom we are indebted for European art, lemmas,
civilisation, and liberty.

That the prolongwi occupation of Rom, and of au
antra Italy by Autrio and Franco rooting on for-
%UM Oats, and tonnootad with thiir caapaarios bun

If operations, amounts almost to a military conquest; end
taat is the raw of sonnet heirs% the great European -
peVeMI, k Willa MIMI to these two ar en= este one of
the met isperrat itaregie prettier hi Europe. •
That sash eardesstions are rensthened by the het of
aa impending radial share in the term of the Freer
1.411" j: he In I
dlpte d W. it
tls a'
rpitkro eu
ill Tie
the treaty of Many and setherarg to the collective will
of the French tarn the water /will of a man who a short
time coo declared that " the Mediterranean must be a
Naar lake."
That higher even than all tree considerations stand the
eternal pnewiples derived MO the law of God, bidding ell
I individuals and Wire Inter right, Justin, and troth,
against Iles, tyranny, ma wrong.
That It 4 degraibg and highly perilous fur England to
abandon Europe to uncontrolled despotic influences; to re-
eounco all Interference for good, while allowing every other
government to interfere for evil ; to keep aloof from the
mighty contest now going on, in the name of her own
creed, liberty of conscience between the Italian people and
the papacy ; not to interpose her will, so as at least to have
the principle of non-interference respected by all, and the
Italian free to solve the question on a fair and equal ground
between the claims or conscience, and papal opprewion
left to its own internal forces.
. . . .

That a post, enlightened, religioue, and powerful nation
cannot answer the peoples struggling around her by
the words of Cain : "Am I my brother's keeper ?"
without suicide—a suicide of soul, honour, and mssaion,
far worse than physical death.
That for all *see reasons your petitioners believe it to be
a pressing duty of the English nation, and of her Majesty's
governineut, to take whatever steps may, be deemed advis-
able to procure u speedy a withdrawal as possible of the
Austrian and French troops from the Roman states.
And sour petitioner, &c.