The Express.
London, England, 1852-10-06 00:00:00

BELGIUM.

The Irdependance Bags of yesterday says:—
" M. H. do Brouckere, summoned yesterday to the
Palace, was received at 2 o'clock by the King. It
was stated that at the close of tho conference, which
was of very long duration, NI. de Brouckere, without
overlooking the difficulties of the situation, con-
sented to employ himself in the composition of a
cabinet. We learn that M. Firmin Itogier has asked
the King to accept his resignation of the mission to
Paris."

- The Ofilogns Gazette states that MM. LiedM and
Lectern will be members of the new ministry.

EGYPT AND TURKEY.

A correspondence from Bcyrout of the 14th ult.,
states that the Druses had taken up a strong position,
and were in possession of arms and ammunition.
The camp near Tel-el• Fares was fortified. On the
10th ult. three battalions of regular troops received
orders to march on Damascus in all haste. Great
fermentation prevailed in the districts of Garza,
Naplouze, and Latakia. Tho pachalic of Bagdad
was in a state of anarchy, and numerous hordes of
Arabs descending from the mountains pillaged the
caravans.

The Journal des Debuts contains the following
summary of intelligence :
We have received accounts from Alexandria to the 23rd
ult. The Egyptian government had just addressed to the
consulsgeneral at Alexandria, through Rdhcm-Pacha, Mi-
nister of Foreign Affairs, a circular, which has caused con
adorable emotion amongst oil the European commerce in
the place. This circular, which is dated the 16th aft.,
states in substance that the pries of corn being much
higher at Cairo than at Alexandria, to which place it is
carried in large quantities for exportation, the Vice•
roy, in his paternal solicitude for his subjects in
the cspital, has decided that henceforth all boats
laden with wheat, owning from Upper Forypt, shall
be stopped and compelled to unload at Boulsq, and
there sell their ....goes for consumption. The circular adds
that it was hoped that this measure would receive the
unanimous approbation of the consular body, whose co
operation the Egyptian government invoked in order to
secure its strict execution. It is easy to conceive what
complaints were raised against this inseam when it was
made known at Alexandria. Ins fact, the commercial ad-
vice. had for some time given reason to suppose that the
harvest in Europe would be very inferior to that of former
years, sad seemly sufficient in many points for local con-
sumption. This was expected to he the case more parti•
cuter'', in Greet Britain, where a deficit of a fifth was
looked for. This state of things had led to • large amount
of business at Alexandria, from whence about 1,560,000
hectolitres of corn hod hero exported in 1851, and •
number of vessels had been collected together at that port
in order to ship the corn which was shortly expected to ar-
rive from the interior. In the midst of all these transac-
tions comes the circular above mentioned. On the very day
the circular arrived at Alexandria the government sold
12,000 srdebs of wheat (18,000 hectolitres), with an enor-
mous rise in price, in consequenes of the pule caused by
the sew measure. This fact pram that there bao fear of
any scarcity in Egypt, and in fact the last harvest has been
a most abundant one. Political slain in Egypt appear to
be very calm ; Abbas Puha is shortly expected at Cairo.
Accounts have been received from Syria to the 20th; they
are rather of a serious estate. The Druses were
still in a state of moat, and had recommenced their
depredations, and come ander the very wells of the
towns. The Governor-Chaeral of the Pathetic of Di-
lutions had vainly attempted to come to some understanding
with these Montaguards, who are supposed to be in
Inhales with the Bedouins of the desert. lle
had decided on taking the field against them with 15,000
men and numerous artillery, but little hopes of their success
were entertained from the nature of the gronad on which
they would have to carryon their operatioas

PERU.
THE GUANO QUESTION.

A letter dated Valparaiso, Aug. 22, maps: "This
Foes by the American steamer destined to occupy a position
in the line between Saa Juan del Sud and San Francisco.
Mach excitement has been produced by the false report
that the United States governaisat had ordered the commo-
dore to take possession of the Lobos Islands, or sustain
American ships is getting cargoes of guano. The Amen-
eaa commodore arrived yesterday ; be has not been at the
Lobos Islands, nor has he received one word of communica-
Goo hos his government on the subject. It cannot be pre-
owned that the United States goverment would attempt
to take islands recognised away* as Wowing to Peru.
They are visited unsteady by Woes from the nude, and
iinusatly bass ralbass spa Om."
_ _

_
Ike Nan nevi Jimerisi Chum/rm.)
Imes's= on the receipt of despatches at Lime, the
'list of July, sent by the Peruvian Minister at Washington,
the Council of State clothed the Executive with eatraor-
dinar, powers. One steamer and two ships of war were
at to the Lobos Islands, and three more were to be seat
i•ramediately after. General Distils waa et the island with
r fate of 300 men.
ft Eaglisb steamer Lima, that left on the 11th of
mut. landed 515 men, well officered, at Payta, on the
I ttb fey would kayo the next day in the steamer Biome,
for Loboeleland.

Orders bare been given to station 2,000 men at Lam-
barque (mast opposite Lobos Islands). The Lobos Islands
woald be strongly !Ottani, everything being prepared ter
iv, going.

FACTORY LIFE IN RI/NM—An artisan who has
worked In Russia, thus writes to the Prestos CA:amide on
the helm system : I will begin with the masters. They
an generally shareholders, and ma bey or sell any number
of skew They are obliged to feed there, but that is all.
They ma pimae themselves whether they give the slaves
any maim, and if they ask for any, they eon flog them for
doing so; they have no alternative lut to submit. Some of
the deveholders who have no manufactories will give their
dame a passport to week elsewhere, but they must pay him
so sea per year for that privilege, and he can call them at
any mement he may think proper, and they are bound to
obey. The food for the slaves is black bread and salt, with
Loup three times a der ; but I have been told that the oill•
0i33, or the men who are:pieced over them, will eat the beef
and skim the fat from the top of the soup, and the slaves
dare sot complain. If you go into a shop and ask the
price of any article you may wish to purchase, they will ask
via three times as much as they intend to take, and
If yes are a foreigner, they will cheat you if they can. I
come now to the workpeople. It is the custom here to
week day and night. I have had as opportunity of seeing
ti French and Belgian workpeople, but I must say that
on,: Russian will do as much work in the same time as any
two of the abovemiestioned ceentriee. They do their work

meet cheerfully, and appear contested; brit I do believe
Out If the people were free to-morrow, there would be
Illithing but bloodshed. They must first educate the people ;
mien of theta ran neither read nor write. They are gene-
very badly clothed, having little more than a mat
Eris of sheep skim. Since I have been with them they
bags been very civil and kind. It is customary here to
Imre madam at the mills; some four and sumo six, their
duty being to treatise every one of the workpeople before
glop leave the mill. It is also their duty to flog any one
tellit• bitch rod. If a person has to be flogged, there is a
MSS 40 sash leg and arm; he is laid upon his belly upon
gomml, and receives his quota on his bare flab ; and it
tit Beim does not do his duty, he gets the name number.
PRODITTIoN OF DOCUMENTS IN SHE COURT OF
ONANCeirf.—ln the new Chancery Act (cep. 86) there ere
Olin provisions respeet‘ng documents in the possession of
tiffs and defendants. It is declared to be lawful for
our?, upon the application of a plaintiff or defendant
say suit, whether commenced by hill or claim, to mike
in order fur the production by the plaintiff or drfitnilsot,
"PPR oath, of such of the document. in his possession or
wirer relatitv: to the :natters in question in the suit us the
mint shall think right, and the court may deal with such
documents, when produced, in such manner as shall appear
Jut

852.

[CAN RELATIONS WITH ENGLAND.

(Prom the Nett nee Mersa)
We need net remind our readers that the point in
dispute in the fishery baldness is, whether the marine league
secured to the British eoloniata la to be accounted from the
headlands or the shores of " bays." Thanks to the dis-
emotions which have appeared in print on the subject, every-
body knows that Iteitain, sticking to the letter of the treaty
of 1818, captured ear fishermen when they approached
within three miles of the entrance of the colonial bays ;
while Mr. Webster claimed a more liberal construction of
the treaty, and argued that the three miles should be
measured from the shore, Irrespectively of indentations.
It is also tolerably well known by this time that the
news of the settlement of the dispute was premature,
and that matters are es *talus quo Cafe edition. Though
the despatches received from Mr. Lawrence at Washing•
ton by the last steamer aver that the difficulty
has been arranged the very same vessel brought de-
spatches from Earl Mal'oesbury to Mr. Crompton, stating
that the negotiation has not advanced a single step. We
have reason to believe that Earl Malnseshory is quite ready
to accede to Mr. Webster's demands; but he will find a
little hitch in the records of the Colonial-office. Some 20
years ago, the fishermen of the Bahamas were in the habit
of catching turtle on the coast of Florida. They did not
fie), within &marine league of the shore, but had no scruples
at pursuing their trade on the reefs within the bays. The
residents of Florida complained ; and, on their representa-
tions, Governor Wescott sustained the view that it was
illegal for the Bahama fishermen to catch turtle within
three miles of the outside reefs or headlands. On appeal to
Washington, this iaterpietation of the treaty was upheld by
the cabinet of General Jaclon. How will the negotiators
get over this precedent 2
Again, Earl Maletesbury has three distinct interests to
conciliate—the commercial interest in Bntain, which would
sooner give up the fisheries, cod, mackerel, and all the other
denizens of the deep, than run the risk of a war with this
country ; the theoretical politicians of the colonies, who
insist on the protection of rights which they undoubtedly
possess, and which this very Lord Malmeabury promised,
only a few weeks ago, to confirm and increase ; and, finally,
the fishermen and other inhabitants of the seashore of Nova
Scotia and the British colonies, who, strange though it ap-
pear, are directly interested in the adoption of the American
interpretation of the treaty. For, of the vessels which have
been seized for infringing the colonial monopoly, it is
well known that a large proportion were really manned
and sailed by colonists, to whom their cargoes belonged, and
who carried on the fishery in American bottoms in order to
evade the navigation laws and claim the bounties allowed
by this country. Nor were bona fide trespaasers lens bene-
ficial to the settlers on the coast. The tniffic—the de mewl
for outfit and supplies which they created—is an object to
the village. scattered along the shore. If the British
Foreign Secretary, adhering to precedent, refuses to abate
his original pretensions, the merchants and the mass of the
English people will agitate till they drive his party from
power; and while the petty politicians of Fredericton and
Halifax plume themselves on their victory, the fishing
population of the colonies will be well nigh ruined. If, on
the other hand, he yields to Mr. Webster, Sir John
Pakington's despatch to the colonial governors will stultify
him.

Other questions will, doubtless, combine with this one,
and complicate the negotiation. Canada has now been
many yeses a petitioner for reciprocity ; from humble re-
quests she has poised to loud threats. She will, if we are ,
to believe her ministry, close her canals, impose dilferen- '
tial duties' and resort to a variety of terrible measures to
extinguish this country, if we do not grant this long sought
for boon. It is not improbable that this subject will Ise-
espy a leading place in the negotiations respecting the
fishery dispute. Lord Malmesbury will demand that re-
ciprocity be granted to the colonies, in exchange for the
loss of their cod. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, on
whom the loss would fall, would be as clamorous as the
manufacturing interest of this country, which would, pro-
bably, not participate in the exchange; but Canada, and a
large section of the north, would be delighted with the
bargain.
Again, if a new treaty between the States and Britain
be on the 'Apia, the shipping interest will insist on some
modification of the existing law. Under the last enact-
ment-12 & 13 Viet., cap. 29—American vessels can ply
from Britain to Australia ; the consequence of which
that the trade from that important colony is falling, in a
great measure, into the hands of the owners of our clippers.
On the other hand, British ships cannot sail between Cali-
fornia and any of the Atlantic ports of the States. A memo-
rial is now being extensively circulated among the chip.
owners in the United Kingdom praying for relief in this
unequal contest ; it will an difficult for an avowedly pro-
tectionist government to disregard the prayer. According
to the strict principles of free-trade, of course the reply
ought to be, that the consumer in England will send for
his wool and his gold in the ship, which sail the cheapest
and the fastest—but Lord Malmesbnry, we must recollect,
is deaf to Smith and M'Culloch. Though ha dare
not raise the price of the poor man's loaf, he might possibly
contemplate a new commercial enactment, by which the
traffic between Liverpool and Sydney would be declared to
be • branch of the coasting trade. If Sir James Graham
would not swallow this pill, the Foreign Secretary would he
compelled to turn to Mr. Webster, and solicit the same pri-
vileges for British ships plying between American ports as
the new navigation law in England grants to our vessels.
If the American cabinet were willing to grant these twol
bagatelles—reciprocity with the colonies, and the removal
of restrictions upon British bottoms—there is very little
doubt that Lord Malmesbury, or his successor, would
gladly surrender the fisheries, and throw • host
of minor privileges into the bargain ; but the negotiation
is by no means an easy one. We foresee difficulties on
every side—obstacles springing up in the path of 1
the diplomatists at every turn—e bjections in the mouths of
influential parties of both countries. We doubt, or rather
we feel convinced, that Lord Malmesbury is not the man to
overcome them on the side of Britain. He should be cer-
tain to get the better bargain if he were pitted against any
one but Mr. Webster.
_

It is more than likely that the negotiations will come to
no result in their hands. In a few months new ntim'nistra-
time will be in power In both eountries. It will devolve
upon the new cabinet in this country, on one side, and the
whig-conservative ministry in England on the other, to
shape a 14W treaty out of the elements which tl.e strides of
commercial progress have brought to light, including also
the diaculties arising in Nicaragua, Mesieo, and elsewhere.
The new conditions of trade, created by the discoveries of
gold in Australia and California, require that the columer
cial relations between the two greatest nations in the world
should be thoroughly remodelled.