The Express.
London, England, 1855-05-05 00:00:00

twega Mont toga, The t isomeat as kr begs
uses elotek Ila Midi *NS
di set ran so high es
b MEMO *MOM It is • raosieat ef general
eseteateinat rad la 'rebel sod I thisk that is
prosisely the gine at yea will Ist the lights of mea
meet dispelled be gum tea vemegambie ailleamodatiou sposa
intaglios ef steel salluol sail sot hi isesegeg. (Hear, bear.)
air, it is whelk love eat t'lic Ur egalgeploges • 'io-
dides of Woe la being Elam& tree that width
salits Is Wu* gad Is aeeaeaL But that dif-
Meese align eel treat the task ef imilertig or of tenaats.
I awash belb dam et the lime el belay*g about the me-
diae of thitelishisli OMB liesideVia.usemdy. I '..tor
merely ia woe Mattel by the umber who his
just sat dews. Nay, I go further, air, thee be did. He said
there wove good landlords is lnlaada. I say there are better
landlords then than ia almost any other country, landlords
who do more for thaw tenants than the landlords of Eng-
load ere required to do. There are, of mane, eiceptioas ;
there are these who, from their limited mesas, are unable
be afford to their testate the same amount of assistance
that their richer neighbours afford ; but I repudiate entirely
the wholesale accusations which are mad* against the lead-
lords of Ireland. (lieu, hear.) Well, on the ether
hand, people reproach the tenantry of Ireland
with being weans, is industry. That charge is
equally unfounded. The tematry of Ireland, when
they receive eaciouregeoleat, sad have reams ato be-
lieve that their 'sonless will meet with a due rew rd, are
as much inclined to iaduati lout exertion as the tenantry of
say part of the world. (Hear, hear.) Sir, the evils of
Ireland are to be trued to the history of Ireland. (Hear,
Mar.) What is that history ? Why it is the history of
dell war; .of rebellion; of conaseatioe ; of wholesale
Mad er. of land from class to class—(hear, beta) • of penal
laws; of the exclusion of the largest class of the nation
begs the ordinary erivileges of social existence—(hear,hear);
--el the decantation of a small snootily preteens" one reli-
gion over • large majosity professing another ;of laws
whisk aggravated those tannins' which political and
medal inequalities were of course of themselves cal-
misted to produce. Well, sir, shoes times are fortaately
pest; those animosities are, I hope, for ever extin-
guished, together with the differences which created them.
nod which have been swept away. But there still female
ems effects, eve. though the causes have ceased to mist—
(bear)—and those effects belong to the condi'ion of things
which this bill is calculated to remedy. (Hear, hear) In
Ireland, up to shoat half • century ago, from the very cir-
cumstances ander which the great proprietors derived their
titles, land wet not held and occupied is the way that it is
in England and Scotland. It was let in large bulks by the
owners to penises who sublet it to others, and perhaps two
or three gradations interposed between the owner and the
metal ocapier of the soil. But what wee the tenure on
which the land was occupied ? Land was let upon leases
of preposterous length, leases, for example, of 61
years and three lives. Well, what was then the
position of the landlord and the tenant ? The landlord was
• stranger on his own estate. (Hear.) He bad no control
over thou who occupied the land. He did not even know
them; he felt no interest in them ; and they had no sympa-
thy with or affection for him. In this state of things there
was an person who was interested in the improvement of
the estate ? Why should the owner improve the land ? I t
was taken away from him by a long lease, and
no improvement he could make would produce any
advantage for him. Why should the middleman
improve the land ? He bad only • temporary
Naar*, and no improvement, therefore, that might be
made would produce any advantage for him. Why should
the occupying tenant improve the land ? He had no in•
ducemeut to do so, because he held at the will of the mid.
Menne. There was no party connected with the cultivation
of the land who had a strong interest in the soil. Well,
thee, when these long leases expired, the landlords, dis•
gusted with the old practice, went to the other 'incise—
(hear, hear)—they would not give leases, or, if they were
willing to give leases at all, the tenants, accustomed from
their childhood to hear of nothing but leases of 61 years
and two or three lives, refused to take those leases which
in England and Scotland are suficient to secure improve
mutts. To offer them • 14 years' lease, or even •21 years'
lease, was to offer them what they did not think worthy of
their acceptance. Well, then, that generated the state of
things which has hitherto prevailed, under which the
hadloM has done very little fur the improvement of
the land—l refer to the erection of buildings,
and the setting up: of boundary fences, contemplated
in this bill—all such things being left to the
tenant. Now, so fu as the prospective part of this bill goes,
nobody seems to object to its provision; the part of it which
I. objected to is the retrospective clause (Cheers.) Well,
one cannot (any that, as • general rule, it is undesirable
to interfere between landlord and tenant, as it is to inter-
fere between any other two parties in society who make
bargains together. The best Arrangement undoubtedly is
is general to leave parties free to make what engagements
they please—(hear, hear); and on general principles it is,
I admit, objectionable to pas. a retrupective clause
altering the relative position of those who have acted on a
certain understanding. But, on the other hand, I think
that, looking at the position of Ireland, considering that
land is there frequently held at will—that tenants, in order
to a due and profitable cultivation, have been obliged to
make outlays which in other countries are made by the
landlords, I think an exception, coupled with the conditions
proposed by my rigtt hon. friend (Mr. Honman), may in
this use fairly and properly be made. (Hear,
hear.) Now let us see generally how that would
work. The enactment, combined with the restric-
tions and conditions proposed by my right hon.
friend, would give a tenant who wulturned out a cla:m for
compensation for any visihle and tangible improvement by
which he had added to the letting value of the property.
Why should the landlord turn him out ? lie would do so
for one of two reasons, either because he had had • quarrel
with the tenant, and wished to get rid of one who had be.
come disagreeable to him, or bee iuse, seeing that the tenant
had improved the value of the land, he thouitht that after
ejecting him be would secure to himself the bensfit of his
improvemats, and let,the land to another person at an in-
seemed rest. The latter proceeding would be an unworthy
me, it Ka proceeding to which no honourable landlord would
resell, and to which no landlord whatever ought to be
Wowed to resort. (Hear, bear.) With regard to the first
muse which 1 have mentioned, even supposing the landlord
had ;had some difference with his tenant, if buildings had
bees raised which added to the value of the farm, an honour.
able toga would say, " I wiU turn you out, but 1 will pay
yea for the buildings • though I dislike you, I will not
apply the capital which you have invested to my own
reit." (Hear, hear.) I tf ink, therefore, that, enema-
sled with the soaditioas to which I have referred, even the
retrospective clause is one which the house might safely
Weil, then. if this bill is accompanied with the other
pane Weil, on a former occasion accompanied its progress in
parliament, I do think those hills will go far to settle entirely
those unfortunate differences which have so long agitated
canal" parts of Ireland. (Heir, hear) It does not
appear to me that they would in any case in-
dict individual Wary, while they woula quell the
angry feeling which exists in Ireland on this subject. And
U these bills should lead to the establishment of an improved
relation between landlord and tenant—if they should lead
to the introduction in Ireland of the system which prevails
in England, under which the landlord invests his capital in
his owu property, and makes improvements which are esti-
mated to increase the letting value of his farms
—if the result should be to do away with pre-
posterously long leases, and to introduce • state
of things in which farms would be let for terms of moderato
dilation I thiak a great improvement would be effected in
the Karel wallies of the country. (Hear, hear.) I ma,
thieelege, Append vat galy to support the secosd reading
of the bill bat ia the event of the amendments
:11Ctby my right boa. friend being adopted, to Si,.
io.is its passage through this house, and I
should bye that, with the assistance of the governmeat is
smother pleas the bill might be passed into • law during
the prised minim. (Chun.)
Mr. I. BUTT should support the emend reeding, am did
be think that the retrospective clams wit any resew why
he should take a differeat mune. Then was such a alum
Is the bill of his right bee. friend, the weather for the I:in-
anity of Dublin. (Hear, hear.) Hs thought it was ha-
pesedble fee any cue to my that there were not grounds for
legislative interferon", and if they rejected the measure'
they would only add power to whatever was mischievous in
the tenant right agitation in Ireland. (Cheers.)
Colonel DUNNE felt bound to oppose the measure,
but he must admit that the bill of the hosoarable
sad learned gentleman had is it less objectionable
natter than that which bad been brought in by the Attor-
ney-Diners' of ta. goverasseat of which he (the gallant
colonel) bad been • member. (Laughter.)
After a few words from Serjeant Sues la " reply," and
afterwards in " explanation, the Srie&ea proceeded to
put the qustioa.
The house then divided—
For the second reading 163
For the amendment 6O-113

. v. —.----
CUSTOMS DUTIES BILL.
The bow wag lido comaitts• co skis bill.

Oieraais aiiraeledale,drarrbieftetnisagar,
Is answer to Mr. BLACIBUILNL
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER a:platted
that the reductions in the dative Oa sugar and collet, which
were to take effect at the teratisatios of the war, had bees
divided ir.to two stages, in order to oceseion se little diets,.
bun to trade is possible.
Mr. BLACKBURN moved that for 12s. 9d. in the
Nbedstv 12s. 9d. be substituted.

Mr. MOFFATT ma ported the uneadatent.
The committee
For the OAF ea proposed in the claw 99
Foe A* swat 48-61
After sous diseemion the clause, with its sehodele, was
agreed to.
The other clauses were &Mod to.
The Newspapu Stamp Duties Bill was postponed to
Moads7.

METROPOLITAN BUILDINGS BILL
Sir W. MOLESWORTH morsd the asseed reading of
this bill, the object of which was, he mid. to mead the
laws Wang to metropolitan buildlage, tad proposed Mat
It should be referred to a select committee.
Agreed to.
PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION (SCOT-
LAND) BILL
This bill passed through committee. The Lords' saws&
moo were conolgared and agreed se.
COMVISMOLI ACT REPEAL.
Mr. KINNAIRD ehained loam to hrlag_la • bill to
repeal SO iamb et the eat 66 Geo. 111., a. 166 emassonly
idled the COGIIIIiiii• Let, ss prohibits more ;had twist/
perms smocabliog row rem for the purposed religious
I"rtr Tiese, idioms* et le minutes to 2 o'olosk.