The Express.
London, England, 1864-06-16 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNG 16.

Ome great principle at least will have been
affirmed by the Conference of London, if it should
succeed in carrying out its avowed programme.
It is the principle, unfortunately,wbich of all others
was least in need of affirmation at the present time
on the European Continent. Under the pressure
of the two German Powers, at the instance of
Great Britain, with the approval of Russia and of
France, with the reluctant acquiescence of maimed
and mutilated Denmark, this Conference of Lon-
don proposes to set the seal of a solemn European
sanction upon the right of the strongest. This is
now declared to be the true virtue of a Treaty
signed by sovereign Powers—to legalise violence,
to ratify spoliation, and to justify the wrong.
This is what is now meant by the Balance of Power,
for which torrents of the best blood of the most
civilised nations have been shed, in days not long
gone by. This is what is meant by the figment of a
public law and an international equity adminis-
tered M a high court of appeal by a select tribunal
of monarchical plenipotentiaries. There are
ministers and even members of Parliament who
still talk with a surprising seriousness and unction
of the Balance of Power, as the three partitioners
of Poland talked of it half a century ago, and who
gravely and imperturbably pretend to believe in
the efficacy of treaties and Conferences for preserv-
ing peace, maintaining landmarks, settling
questions of partition or succession, guarantee-
ing the security of the weak against the assaults
of overpowering ambition and cupidity. It was
always the favourite idea of despotic courts, this
diplomatic police of the Great Powers for in-
terfering everywhere—except in Poland. Nor has
it been an idea of despotic courts only ; England
has always accepted it in theory, and acted upon
it in all great crises, and only denied the compe-
tency of such a tribunal for dealing with domestic
quarrel'. In truth, the theory is as old as diplo-
macy itself, and is at the bottom of all the arti-
ficial calamities which the nations of Europe have
suffered since diplomacy was invented. Like many
other theories fruitful of mischief, it is the
distortion of an admirably humane and beneficent
idea, which, if there were no such thing as selfish-
ness in the hearts of kings and peoples, might have
sufficed to inaugurate a millennium of peace and
concord.

What this figment of the Balance of Power
has done, or rather what the diplomatic priest-
hood which has developed it into a dogma has
done for the peace of the world, is this. It
has consecrated by silence or complicity, or by
protests more- empty than silence, and more false
than complicity, all that force—arbitrary and law-
less forte—has dared against defenceless right ;
it has calmly witnessed and then silently
recorded as " accomplished" all the most odious
acts of violence and aggression ; it has established
nothing, prevented nothing, ameliorated nothing ;
it has preserved nothing but confusion, insecurity,
and discontent. It was not the diplomacy of the
Great Powers that gave to Italy the amount of liberty I
and independence she enjoys to-day ;it was the
diplomacy of the great Powers that sanctioned the
suppression of Hungary and the annihilation of
Poland, which the consenting purpose of two of
those Powers had effected in the face of the world
without consulting any interests but their own.
Can any one, who is not the dupe of
phrases, mention an instance in the present
century of a council of plenipotentiaries of
the Great Powers, which has vindicated a just
cause, redressed a wrong, taken the side of
the weaker party, satisfied the claims of any
people, restrained the aggressions of any govern-
ment, or laid down any lasting basis of peace I How
should it be otherwise when the destinies of Europe
are decided in a council in which the combined
policy of three military monarchies is preponderant,
and the single disinterested Power has no policy
at al—unless it be • policy to survive • parlia-
mentary session I Naturally enough, the right of
the strongest—the right of might—is the one
great saving principle which these sacred guardians
of the Balance of Power are once more assembled
to affirm. And yet in Parliament, in society, in
public places where men of business meet together,
there are Englishmen, jealous of the honour and
solicitous for the interests of peace and of their
country, who contemplate with hopeful compla-
cency the efforts of another Conference of London
to produce another Treaty of London, twelve years
after the last, and who take pleasure, day after
day, in advising Denmark to sacrifice, without
repiningor remonstrance, her national independence
and Integrity to the convenience of powerful and
sympathetic, but unavailing friends, who are exert-
ing all their influence to conciliate and satisfy her
despoilers.

The meeting of the Conference, which, after
having been appointed for yesterday, waa postponed
to this day, is further postponed until Saturday.

Lord Stanley to-morrow will ask the Secretary of
State for India, what steps are about to be takes in eon-
sequence of the late insult to the British minion in
Bbcotan ; also whether be has issued, or is about to issue,
any fresh ioatructioas to the so•eromeet of India relative
to the restoration to the Rajah of Dhay of the government
of that state ; and, if so, whether he will lay them upon
the table.

Mr. Adam intends to-morrow to ask the Secretary
of State for India whether, considering the great Importance
of oar obtaining a better insight into the feeliop of the
natives of India, and better information es to their opinions.
he will not recommend each of the govenunesta in India to
appoint an officer, whose duty it shall b. to translate and
report to government ell metiers of public interest
diseased is the native prom : end, whether such an officer
bee not been already appointed in Bengal, whose labours
have proved most nested.

Mr. Hennessy. oa the let of next month, will
move an address for s communion to inquire into the dieta-
ries used is prisms sad workhomm.