The Press.
London, England, 1854-09-02 00:00:00

TIIE PRESS.

of in advance, to withdraw from the principalities,
and to enter into negotiations for peace on the basis
of the three main principles laid down in that protocol,
or at least to pave the way for this negotiation by agreeing
to a truce.
" Without repeating on this occasion the very grave con-
siderations which lead us to abide by our requirement
previously to be put in possession of securities in exchange
for the voluntary sacrifice which we make to the interests
of Austria and Germany in relinquishing our present or
future military position iu Turkey, we confine ourselves
to commending these remarks to the mature deliberation
of the Prussian Court, convinced that his Majesty the
King is too just to demand of us that we should consent
gratuitously to weaken ourselves morally and materially
without being certain of obtaining a peace or even a truce.
It is moreover with satisfaction that we observe that the
Prussian Cabinet is itself penetrated with the correctness
of this view, since, while expressing the wish that hos-
tilities should be curtailed and circumscribed, it recognises
in advance that this ought to take place on both sides. In
pursuance of the pacific inclinations expressed in our
answer, it is now put to the Prussian Cabinet to use its
interest at Vienna and elsewhere to procure for us the
securities so indispensably necessary. We feel that we
are so much the more entitled to hope this from that
quarter, as it was to it (the Prussian Cabinet: that the
Emperor first communicated his intention to consider the
firm establishment (consolidation) of the religious and
civil rights of the Christians in Turkey, if they can be
obtained from the Porte in a form of working ethciency, as
an actual satisfaction of the demands we have made on it
(the Porte) ; and that, by our accession to this principle
of the protocol, as well as our satisfaction of the two
others, which will be seen by our voluntary withdrawal
from the principalities, we henceforth offer Prussia as
well as Austria a means of fulfilling the obligations
which in that document they have entered into ris-a-vis
the Western powers.
" You will, baron, express this hope to Baron von Man-
teasel in the most distinct manner at the same time that
you bring this despatch to his knowledge.
NESSELRODE."

The following is the text of the Prussian reply :
" To M. le Baron Werther, at St. P etersburg.
Berlin, July 17.
"You are already acquainted with the last communica-
tion addressed to us by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg, in
reply to my despatch of the 12th of June, in which, fol-
lowing the orders of the King, otr august master, I had
supported the demands of Austria, contained in a despatch
addressed to Count Esterhasy, dated the 3rd of the same
month. I add, nevertheless, a copy, as well of the reply
made to the Cabinet of Vienna under the form of a des-
patch addressed to Prince Gortschakoff, as of that ad-
dressed to Baron de Budberg, of the latter of which the
baron had the goodness to allow me to take a copy.
"Your sojourn at Berlin must, N. le Baron, have con-
vinced you that the sincere and constant desire of the
Cabinet ':of the King, notwithstanding the excessive tension
of the situation, to arrive at and to establish a starting-point
for ulterior negotiations, has not been deviated from in the
conscientious imparti examination to which we have
subjected the a
dslaritionsal of the Cabinet of St. Peters-

bu Yon cannot better discharge, M. le Baron, the impor•
tent functions to which the confidence of the King has
called you than by being made the organ to his Majesty
the Emperor and the Chancellor of the empire of the im-
pressions which the last Russian communications have
produced upon our august Sovereign. The King highly
appreciates the spirit of moderation and conciliation in
which they are conceived. His Majesty appreciates at its
real value the sincere desire expressed, in the terms used
by Count Nesselrode, to respect to the greatest possible
extent the wishes and the obligations of the ancient allies
of Russia the same as the interests which they are inevi-
tably bound to protect.
" Guided by this tranquillising appreciation, the King,
while persisting in the views expressed in my despatch
on the P2th of June to the Baron de Werther, will rely
upon the Russian answer, and will renew his efforts
both at Vienna, aid, in common accord with the Court
of Austria, at London and Paris, in the hope of arriving
at some just and practicable basis for new chances
of re-establishing a mutually good understanding and

peace.
"We do not disguise from ourselves that this is a m's-
sion of extraordinary difficulty. We should beforehand
consider it impossible, if we did not believe ourselves
authorised to expect from the wisdom and loyalty of the
Emperor Nicholas that the dispositions which have dic-
tated the last declarations of his Cabinet will determine his
ulterior attitude, and that, converted into deeds, the Ger-
man powers will consider them as sufficient guarantees for
the safety of the interests the defence of which is the object
of their engagements between themselves and towards the
Cabinets of London and Paris.
" Bring this despatch, M. le Baron, to the knowledge of
Count Nesselrode, and receive, &c.,
(Signed) " 111 E U at:'

Tim affluence of strangers into Switzerland resembles,
we are told,• the ancient migrations of nations. At
every step one meets with Englishmen, Americans, and
Italians, besides Frenchmen and Germans without num-
ber. The baths of Baden, a small place in the canton of
Argovie, numbers now nearly 0,0 .0 visitors. His Imperial
Highness the Prince Peter of Oldenburg, the nephew of
Nicholas, and President of the Senate, passed there on
the 21st alt., bound homewards. During his sus weeks'
stay at Interlaken, with a retinue of fifty-two persons, be
had spent 1,6001.

SATURDAY,

BUCHAREST.

THE appearance of Bucharest is not what might be fairly
expected, considering that it is tile capital of a large pro-
vince, that all the principal Boyards, or nobles, reside there,
and that they are fond of comparing it to Paris iu puiut of
civilisation and luxury. There are no really fine public
buildings, and the houses of the nobles, though comtortable,
have small pretensions in point of size or elegance. There
are two theatres, French and Wallachum : the latter is used
as an Italian opera in winter, and is one of the best fitted-
up buildings of the kind that can he met with anywhere.
The inhabitants of Bucharest are about 100,000, of whom
13,000 are Germans, about 100 French, and a number of
Armenians and Greeks. The latter are reckoned the
sharpest of the sharp iu money matters, and a Wallachiau
proverb says that one Greek is a match for three Jews.
There are only two English missionaries, and few of the
inhabitants have seen an Englishman. Bucharest is quite
beyond the usual beat of travellers for amusement ; and all
the commerce is dune by Greek houses. When the lius•
sians entered the principalities the Emperor of Russia
sent an order to toe governing Prince of Wallachia to
remain at his post; the Sultan sent him a finnan to come
to Constantinople and pay his tribute ; the testa of these
two forces was a trip to Vienna. The Government is now
carried on by a Council of State formed of those Ministers
who have portfolios. The Buyarda, or nobles, all live in
Bucharest; the whole soil of the country belongs to them;
they farm them to Armenians or Jews, and it is only in
very rare instances that they have country houses to which
they can pay a short visit in the summer. The lower
classes are entirely on the Turkish side, and most of the
' nobles also, but some of the latter are Russian in their
' sympathies. They were very impatient to get rid of their
bite would•be friends, and the police were constantly em•
I ployed in punishing the juvenile portion of the population
I fur perambulating the streets and crying out "Off, off,
' Gortachakoff:"

THE RUSSIANS AT BUCHAREST.
Tn English visitors who flocked into Buchared
upon its occupation by the Turks have picked up
and sent home much gossip regarding their prede-
cessors in that place, namely, the Russians. One of
them says:—
The Russian officers of the staff, about two hundred in
number, and of course the elite of the army, were greatly
liked by the inhabitants, as they are all men of education
and gentlemanly demeanour, but the rest, 1 am told, are
mere brutes, very little better, if any, than the sells they
command. It was customary for them, immediately en
the receipt of their month's pay, to repair to the principal
hotel there, order the most expensive dinners, and drink
lavishly of champagne and other costly wines. This of
course did not last above four or five days, and they then
returned contentedly to the private soldiers' sour soup and
black bread fur the remainder of the month. Of this soup
1 despair of giving you any idea—raw cabbage and viargar
are the two principal ingredients, and the others, many of
which are unknown in .h.ngland, are still less nourishing
and wholesome. It forms the main article of the Rusbisit
soldier's diet, and gives him the potbelly and flabby look
fur which he is famous. He doubtless might be better
fed, out of the sum subtracted fro his a for that pun
pose, if his superior officers were not all p
ruby bers, without
pity or scruple. The bread presents exactly the appear-
ance of a piece of lava, or a very black coal cinder, but it
is harder than either, and can only be eaten after being
steeped in water. It is baked in enormous loaves, large
as good-sized millstones, from which the rations are broken
oft' with a hatchet. Enough of it is often made at a tune
to last for two months. Age makes no dittereece either
in its appearance or its taste. It is just as palatable
twelve months after its production as during the first
twenty-timr hours. Outside the etat-ntajor, the only
officers who ever entered a bookseller's shop here to seek
some means of passing the dull hours of gart•ison lite were
Poles, Frenchmen, or men of French or Orman descent.
The real Russian delighted in nothing but gluttony and
drunkenness, and, unless of very high family, could seldom
speak any language but
money with his own. Ban unsparing hand.
ut all, of whatever
race or grade,
Roubles were scattered about like water ; shopkeeasked.
pers
were paid, without hesitation, any price they
The consequence is that living here now is one-third
dearer than in London or Paris. It is true there is a
general scarcity, as the traders did not like laying in stoles
of any commodity during the winter, not knowing the day
when the town might be bombarded,' or battle take place
under the walls; and the difficulties and cost of a
lengthened overland carriage, since the closure of the
Danube, must also be taken into account. but, indepen
dently of till this, the prices of most articles are enough to
make the hair of a man of " limited means " stand erect
on his cranium. Porter, manufactured on the spot, and
in taste and appearance strongly resembling a mixture of
printers' ink and eau eueree, costs three tzwautsigers, or
about as many francs, a bottle. A bottle of flat knionade
costs one franc. A single night in a dirty, ill-savoureti,
tumble-down hotel, where the bites of the bugs are like
bayonet thrusts, waking you every ten minutes in mingled
rage and pain, costs, including your breakfast, at least a
pound sterling.

A DANISH MECHANICIAN, Mr. Eiler, one of the exhibitors
at the London Crystal Palace, and whose plan for
prevent.
ing accidents and signalling on railways has been patented
in England, has announced another invention for sari g
life in a burning house, stable, Sze. By a child cutting s
string, and also by the action of the fire itself, all the do• s
are at once thrown open (about the worst thing that
could be done in most cases); and in the case of stables,
&c., the cattle are at the same time driven into the era
air. The expense is very trifling.

~~:

SEPTEMRER 2, 1854.

.
jaw And Colonial

FRANCE.

The Emperor returned to Paris on Monday from
Biarritz. The Empress will remain until the middle
of the present month. Sea air and bathing are said
to have proved very beneficial to her health. The
journey of the Emperor from Bordeaux to Paris was
effected in eleven hours, being about thirty miles an
hour, including stoppages—a rate of railway travel-
ling considered rapid in France.
General Baraguay d'Hilliers has been made a
marshal of France for his success at Bomarsund.
Admiral Parseval Duchesne and General Neil, corn
mandant of the engineers in the Baltic, have had
grand crosses of the Legion of Honour conferred
upon them.
All the generals !appointed to command in the
different camps have left for their destination.
General Hautpoul, Commander-in-Chief of the camp
of the south, has set out for Aix.
Official documents collected by the Minister of
Marine report that the number of men serving and
liable to be called on to serve in the French navy, on
the Ist of April last, was 160,014. On the same day
in 1851 it was 142,040; showing an increase in the
last three years of 18,000 men. The average annual
increase from 1830 to 1840 was onlj from 1,400 to
1,900.
The inaction of the French army in the East, it
is said, has caused so much discontent among the
troops that something like a remonstrance has been
addressed to the Minister of War upon the subject,
who views the matter in a serious light.
The Constitutionnel contains the following :
"It is well known that the troops forming part of the
expeditions must receive warm clothing to protect them
from cold in the winter. A house at Metz has, ust re-
ceived a large order for a sort of great-coat in sheepskin,
which is to be fastened across the breast by a loop similar
to that used for paletots. Large quantities of shoes with
wooden soles are also being made, as well as headdresses
which will cover the nape of the neck and ears."
A trial of a new incendiary projectile was made at
Puteaux, near Paris, on Saturday, in presence of a
commissioner of the War Department.
GERMANY.
Accounts from Vienna state that the negotiations
for the accession of Austria to the Anglo French
treaty, offensive and defensive, are suspended until
the receipt of the answer from Russia to the demand
for guarantees. If that answer should contain a
refusal the negotiations will be resumed. The reply
was said to have arrived in Vienna on Tuesday, but
Prince Gortschakofi (the minister) delayed its formal
communication until the Emperor bad returned
from Ischl.
There is some question of an additional article to
the Austro-Prussian convention of April which will,
perhaps, place Prussia on a better footing with
England, France, and Austria.
The Moniteur contains a letter from Vienna stating
that the subscriptions to the loan amount at present
to 401,303,973 florins.