biglam/hmd_newspapers huggingface dataset:
The Press.
London, England, 1857-03-28

Yab3 anti Voila.

THE GREAT PIMLICO CHURCH DISPETE Was
settled on Saturday by the judgment of the Judicial
Committee of the Privy Council. The committee
decided that the use of crosses, as distinguished
from crucifixes, was justified by custom, and decreed
that the cross erected on the chancel screen of St.
Barndbas might remain, thereby reversing the judg-
ment of the preceding court. With respect to the
marble altar-table with a cross attached, the preceding
judgment is affirmed. As to credence tah'es and em-
broidered cloths judgment is reversed, while on the
point of the communion table linen judgment is
affirmed. The Privy Council further decided that in
all proceedings, as well as in the present appeals, each
pi r y bears his own costs.
A TRIAL, involving charges of singular barbarity
took place at Exeter last week. Hugh Orr, the
master of the Hannah Jane, a small merchant brig,
was indicted fcr the murder at sea of the cook of the
vessel. The evidence of the different seamen belong-
ing to the ship gave us some insight into the "inner
life " of a merchant brig in the nineteenth century
The deceased, Edward Devue, was a man of colour.
In February, Iz35R, the vessel sailed for Senegal,
Cape de Verd Islands, Rio Grande, and home. While
lying off the Cape de Verds the captain commenced
to ill-treat the cook. He used to knock him down,
kick, and beat him till he cried for mercy ; then,
assisted by the mate, he would drag him into the
cabin, tie him by the thumbs to a locker, and flog
him with a cat o' nine tails :

I was at the wheel (said one man) for three weeks, and
saw him flogged every night. His back was s,re, the skin
knocked up, broken, and raw. The night before he died
he was lashed down to a chest by the thumbs, so that his
hack was rounded. I counted 3t2 lashes.

With a back bruised, bleeding, and raw, the poor
wretch, by order of the captain, was scrubbed with a
scrubbing brush and salt water. He was then triced
up in the rigging, heels above head, and II 'gged
by the mate. After this he was" beaten with a broom-
stick," beaten with " the stave of a cask," beaten
with " a pin-rail," and " knocked about the head with
a handspike " :
Upon one occasion (said one witness) I saw the captain
and mate flog him, and I counted the lashes. The captain
gave him 48 and the mate 306. The captain beat him
with the cat and the mate with a plaited rope with knots
in it. When he was dead the body was cut everywhere.
The mate saw him lying on the deck the night before he
died, and kicked him on the breast with la's heavy sea
hoots, and he struck him with a large heavy block. I
heard him moaning after this, but I never heat d him speak
after that.

This treatment lasted for about two months, when
on the 3rd of July the poor wretch died. The cap-
tain entered the fact in his log as follows :
London, England, 1857-03-28

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH TO INDIA.

Lord PALMERSTON and the CHANCELLOR of the
EXCHEQUER, in reply to Mr. Bowyer, said that the
Turkish authorities would protect the line of tele-
graph in the Turkish dominions, and that the Go-
vernment was in no respect answerable for the con-
struction of the telegraph or for its protection from
Arabs. These were entirely the affairs of the com-
pany.
London, England, 1857-03-28

ON DR. DE JONGH'S

LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL.

" Much of the Pale 011 sold in the market is found to be
nothing more than Skate Oil—a fact which will account for the
failures which have so frequently attended the use of the so.
called Cod Liver Oil. The utmost reliance may be placed upon
the experimental researches of De. de Jongh, who is one of the
most eminent of European chemists; the Oil procured by him
enjoys also the additional sanction of the opinion of Baron
Liwbeg and the late Dr. Pereira in favour of its genuineness and
etticar.y. Our own experience practically confirms their judg-
ment, and WE UNHESITATINGLY RECOMMEND DR. DE JONOH'S
LIORT.BIiOWN COD LIVER OIL Ao THE BEST FOR MEDICINAL
PURPOSES, AND WELL DESERVING THE CONFIDENCE OF THE
r aorssawx."
London, England, 1857-03-28

BLACKSTONE'S COMMENTARIES.

A NEW EDITION, ADAPTED TO THE PRESENT STATE OF THE LAW.
BY ROBERT MALCOLM KERR, BARRISTER-AT-LAW.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

MRS. GASKELL'S MEMOIRS OF CURRER BELL.
Now ready, in 2 vols. post Bvo., with a Portrait of Miss Bronte and a View of Haworth Church and Parsonage,
price 245. cloth,
THE LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE,

Author of " Jane Eyre," " Shirley," " Villette," &c.

BY MRS.

GASKELL,

Author of " Mary Barton," " Ruth," " North' and South,"
London : SMITH, ELDER, and CO., 65, Cornhill.
London, England, 1857-03-28

318

BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY,
32, NEW BRIDGESTREET, BLACKFRIARS.
EXTRACTS PROM THE TENTH ANNEAL Rzpour.
There were received during the year—
s. d.
1,129 Proposals to Assure • 257,519 0 0
And there were Issued-
-1,113 Policies, Assuring . 240,436 0 0
45 Proposals were declined, for 10,775 0 0
41 Ditto were under consideration, for 6,308 0 0
8 Immediate Annuities were granted, f0r.... 255 13 4
The Annual Income is now
The Claims arising from Deaths during the Year,
including Bonuses, amount to 9,018 13 11
The Total Amount paid to the Widows or other
Representatives of Members Deceased since
the Commencement is
The Accumulated Fund, after deducting the Cash
Bonus paid on the last Division of Profits,
amounts to
The appropriation of the 418,000 profits, declared at the last
division, has been completed during the year, as follows :-
4 s. d.
Cash Bonus (27j per cent. on premiums paid) 9,:95 6 7
Applied in Reduction of Premiums
Ditto in Reversionary Bonuses

H,OOO 0 9

W. C. '`
London, England, 1857-03-28

AUSTRIA AND S tRDINIA.

The rupture between the Governments of Vienna
and Turin is c',mplete. Count Paar, with the entire
personnel of the Austrian Ligation at Turin, has
been recalled to Vienna, while the Marquis Cantono
de Ceva, with the Piedmontese Legation at Vienna,
has been recalled to Turin.

The protection of Austrian subjects in Turin has
been confided to the Prussian Embassy, while that
of Piedmontese subjects in Vienna is intrusted to the
Embassy of France.
The Vienna and French papers regard these
mutual steps merely as " a suspension of diplomatic
relations," and argue that as Count Paar and the Mar-
quis Canton° de Ceva yet retain their credentials
respectively to Turin and Vienna, their absence from
their posts is simply an extension of leave, and that
at any moment they may return and resume their
duties. A letter from Vienna in the National
Gazette of Berlin says :
It is stated that the second Austrian note sent to the
Piedmontese Cabinet develops this thesis :—that Austria
is animated with the most sincere desire to procure the
greatest prosperity for her Lombardo Venetian subjects,
and that it is her interest to see in the remainder of ltsly
Governments and Administrations well organised ; and
that Austria could not submit to see her rights systema-
tically attacked by the Ptedmontese press. This note was
only sent after the return of the Emperor to Vienna. It
is said here that Lord Palmerston does nut approve of the
conduct of Sardinia, and that he has recommended her to
adopt a less offensive policy.

Le Nord, in its Berlin correspondence this week,
publishes an analysis of the circular despatch ad-
dressed by Count Buol to the Cabinets of Europe.
According io this document, the Cabinet of Vienna is
not only dissatisfied with Count Cavour's reply to its
complaints of the Piedmontese press, and of the
tolerance with which these attacks are treated by the
Sardinian Government, but it sees a new offence in
the language used by that Government on Cie occa-
sion of the debates which have taken placo relative
to the fortifications of Alessandria. The despatch
adds that—
The Austrian Government has become 'convinced that
Piedmont seek= to place itself at the head of the revolu-
tionary movement in Italy—a movement the ultimate
object of which must be the destruction of the Austrian
domination in Italy. Piedmont pursues, then, a subversive
policy, which not only tends to disturb social order in
Italy, but even to totally change the European political
system established by the treaties of Vienna.
In presence of these facts, Austria deems that her
dignity will no longer permit her to maintain official
relations with Sardinia. Nevertheless, Count Buol
in informing the foreign Courts of the step which
Austria has determined to take, declares formally
that this measure will not be followed by others of a
more hostile or threatening character, and that in
any event Austria will avoid, up to the last moment,
all that can compromise the maintenance of peace or
create embarrassments amongst the European
Cabinets.
London, England, 1857-03-28

PARLIAMENT AND PARTIES.

THE history of the late Parliament is sugges-
tive of many grave reflections. The ease with
which characters were won and lost, the reck-
lessness with which the public entertained the
most serious charges against statesmen of
ability and experience, and the remarkable
increase in the number of independent mem-
bers who belong to neither party for the pur-
pose of getting what they can out of both, are
features in the present state of politics which
may well excite our solicitude. But, threaten-
ing as these appearances are, we might
perhaps flatter ourselves that they were
merely transient clouds, were it not for the
presence of an aggravating symptom in that
general contempt of party ol,ligations which
has marked every session of the defunct
assembly. We never recollect so marked a
determination on the part of so many leading
statesmen to devote themselves exclusively to
their own private ends, as Parliament has
shown since the last general election. Before
London, England, 1857-03-28

THE PROROGATION.

The house had now disposed of all the busineas
before it, and, after a pause of some minutes, Sir
Augustus Clifford, Usher of the Black Rod, appeared
at the table and summoned the Commons to attend
in the House of Lords to be present at the Proroga•
tion of Parliament.

The SPEAKER, in obedience to this summons, left
the chair and proceeded to the other house, followed
by Lord Palmerston, Sir G. Grey, the Chancellor cf
the Exchequer, and about sixty or seventy other
members. Mr. Di4raeli and Mr. Henley remained
seated upon the front Opposition bench, and Sir J.
Graham, who came in after the Speaker had left the
house, in his usual seat below the gangway. On the
Speaker's return, the right hon. gentleman took his
place at the clerks' table, and, the members having
gathered round him, he, as usual, read to them the
Speech which had just been delivered by the Royal
Commissioners. Having done this, he received the
congratulations anal adieux of those over whose de-
liberations he had that day for the last time pre-
sided; and thus the session was b.-ought to a close.
The same afternoon, her M ►jesty the Queen held
a Court of Privy Council at Buckingham Palace.
The proclamations of disolution were signed, and an
E.rtraordinary Gazette was at once published, pro-
claiming the dissolution of the Parliament of 1852,
and the summoning of a new Parliament by April
30th. The writs were despatched the same evening.
London, England, 1857-03-28

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 28, 1957.

THE address of the Premier is not meant for
the electors of Tiverton only. It is intended
for the nation. By this manifesto Lord PAL-.
MERSTON desires to place his policy in the
fairest light, and to secure for it support.
He is his own advocate, and we may be quite
sure that the good points of his Administra-
tion will lose nothing from being described
by himself. His modesty will never iniuce
him to veil what he considers to be his per-
fections.

An English Minister in addressing his
countrymen should above all things be care-
ful that his statements fairly represent the
truth. To garble a case is to insult the public
understanding. It may for a time be ap-
plauded by faction, but no long period can
elapse before the intelligence of the country
predominates, and then the falsehood will be
severely chastised. Lord PALMERSTON speaks
as if he were addressing an intoxicated popu-
lace ; each succeeding address is more coarse
and offensive in its tone than the last. Like
a villainous publican, he puts more vitriol
into his spirits in proportion as his customers
become more excited by their libations.
The addresses of a Minister to his country-
men are State papers, which form part of
political history. They may be fervid, but
they ought not to be false and insolent.
Nothing is gained, and much will be lost, by
abandoning that political chivalry which pre-
scribes courteous terms in the most violent
contests. Lord PALMERSTON affects the ribaldry
of DANIEL O'CONNELL ; he indulges in the same
unscrupulous assertion; and might success-
fully imitate the great Agitator could he but
command his wit. The celebrated " base,
" bloody, and brutal," are surpassed by the
Billingsgate showered upon Commissioner
YEH.

At the very commencement of his address,
Lord PALMERSTON misrepresents the question
now before the country. It is, according to
him, whether the present Administration shall
continue to hold power, or whether it shall be
transferred to the " discordant elements''
which passed a vote of censure on her
Majesty's Government. Does Lord PALMERS
TON really suppose that if he had resigned
office on occasion of the majority against him,
the Government of the State would have been
a prey to " discordant elements "? He
knows better. Lord DERBY would have re-
placed Lord PALMERSTON ; and a Conservative
Administration, formed on the basis of that
of 1852, but in all probability more compre-
hensive, and embracing a larger amount of
ability and experience, would have succeeded
to the worn-out Whig connection which serves
under the Noble Viscount.

If there were discordant elements in the
majority on the China question, were there
none in the minority ? What are we to think
of the Marquis of BLANDYORD pairing off with
Mr. THOMAS DUNOOMBE, and such Tory squires
as Mr. BENTINCE with advanced Radicals of
London, England, 1857-03-28

AL

SIX GUI

ALEXANDRE and SON have made this Harmonium at the lowest price possible,

ALL CLASSES.
IT IS IN AN OAK CASE, WITH FOUR OCTAVES, TS ALIKE CALCULATED FOR PRIVATE HOUSES AND FOR CHAPELS,

AND IS

INDISPENSABLE TO THE SCHOOL ROOM.
(The Six Guinea Harmonium will be taken in Exchange for any of the more expensive description, without loss or diminution.)
ALEXANDRE and SON obtained the Sole Medal of Honour at the Great Exhibition at Paris, 1855.

THEIR HARMONIUMS HAVE BEEN PRONOUNCAD,THE BEST BY
AUBER, ADAM, THAVBERG,

ROSSINI,

LISZT,

B:c.,
London, England, 1857-03-28

THE PRESS.

REAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Easter
Holidays.—CHEAP EXCURSION to CIRENCESTER,
STROUD, Gloucester, and Cheltenham.—A Train will leave
Paddington at 7 a.m. on Sunday, April 12. returning the same
evening, from Cheltenham at 6.30, Gloucester 6.)0, Stroud 7,20,
and Cirencester at 7.30. Fares: Cirencester and Stroud,
Gloucester and Cheltenham, 10s.and 6s. No luggage allowed.
Tickets not transferable.

EAST KENT RAILWAY COMPANY. -
ISSUE OF DEBENTURES.

The works of this railway being in an advanced state, and the
line about to be opened to Faversbaru in September next, the
Directors are desirous of receiving Tenders for the Debentures
of the Company, for three, five, or seven years. Applications to
be made to the Secretary, at the Company's offices, 2, Moorgate.
street. G. F. HOLROYD, Secretary.
March 21. 1857.
London, England, 1857-03-28

DR. DE JONGICS COD LIVER OIL

Has now, in consequence of its marked superiority over every
other variety, secured the entire confidence and almost universal
preference of the most eminent Medical Practitioners as the
most speedy and effectual remedy for CONSUMPTION, BRONCHITIS,
♦STHMA, GOUT, RHEUMATISM, SCIATICA, DIABETES, DISEASES
OF THE 2 KIN, NEURALGIA, RICKETS, INFANTILE. WASTING,
GENERAL DEBILITY, AND ALL SCROFULOUS AYFECIION S.

Sold ONLY in IMPERIAL lialf•pints, N. 6d.; Pints, 4s. Nil
Quarts, 95.; capstiled and labelled with .I.)r. Da JONOR.B sump
and signature. WITHOUT AMUR NONE ARE GENUINE, by many
respectable Chemists throughout the United Kingdom.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEPOT,
ANSAR, HARFORD, and CO., 77, STRAND, LONDON, W. C.

DE. DE JONOIIII SOLE BRITISH CONSIGNERS,

07 whom the Oti la daily for IT &riled to all parte of the Metropolis
London, England, 1857-03-28

RS now.

But there IS a very important question involved in
the commencement of these proceedings, and it is

the question—to what extent it is politic to give sup-
port to distant authorities in measures undertaken
by those authorities which endanger the pacific rela-
tions between the country and a foreign State.
(Hear, hear.) If Sir J. Bowring is to be supported,
he being Governor of Hong Kong, because he has
undertaken measures which led to war with the
Chinese authorities in his neighbourhood, I know not

why, upon the same principle, the Governor of
Gibraltar might not adopt measures which would
lead to a conflict between us and the Spanish Go-
vernment, or a Governor of a West India colony
might not engage in a war with the United States,
and involve this country in most serious difficulty.
(Hear, hear.) To the principle that our authorities
abroad ought to have a fair and liberal construction
placed on their acts no one can object, but that it
should be incumbent on the Government in a most
questionable cause to extend their support to their
authorities abroad, and involve this country in war,
appears to me one of the most dangerous innova-
tions. (Hear, hear.)

Now that the representatives of the people are to
be sent to their constituents, who are the persons to
suer? The noble earl the President of the Council
has told us that he is far from desiring that the
forty-eight, old Whigs who voted against the Govern-
ment should be among those who are to suffer.
(" Hear," and a laugh.) Now, it appears to Ina that
that is contrary to the usual feeling in these matters.
Those gentlemen who have given their support
and confidence to the Government, and at a moment
of peril withdraw their support and confidence,
commit, it is generally considered, according to the
doctrines of parties as they existed in former times,
almost an act of treason. I remember, when I was a
member of the House of Commons, if any Whig
gentleman presumed to differ from his party, to make
an independent speech, or to give an independent
vote on any occasion, he was fired at from the benches
ou tha floor, fired at from the benches above. It was
distressing to see what he suffered in the house—
London, England, 1857-03-28

NOFORTES

.
1.

Ng itt Nts t Rlaittrs,
Prom TWENTY GUINEAS upwards, which can be thoroughly Recommended and Warranted.

Messrs. CHAPPELL and CO. have just opened a Number of

NEW ROOMS FOR INSTRUMENTS,

ENABLING THE PURCHASER TO SELECT A PIANOFORTE OR HARMONIUM FROM THE

LARGEST STOCK IN LONDON,
AND TO TRY THE MERITS OF THE VARIOUS MAKERS SIDE BY SIDE.

VIM. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS OF HARMONIUMS, AND OF PIANOFORTES, WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION TO

50,

London : Printed caul Published by ALFRED Ira, at the Office 110, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Middlesex, on SATVRDAY, the

28th day of March, 1857.

CHAPPELL & CO.,
NEW BOND STREET, and 13, GEORGE STREET, HANOVER SQUARE.

I
London, England, 1857-03-28

a charge was made of conspiracy, and concert, and

coalition, and of all those various offences which a
dissatisfied Government usually charges on a
successful Opposition. However, that charge has
been denied, and is now altogether withdrawn.
From the first it was unreasonable, and no one who
considered the matter for a few moments could by
possibility have given credenc3 to it. (Hear, hear.)
I apprehend that two questions practically are to be
submitted to the people—first, whether they prefer
Lord Palmerston to any other Minister? and,
secondly, whether they approve this war? Now, I
think it not at all impossible that the answer given
to the first question may be in the affirmative—that
the people may on the whole prefer Lord Palmerston
to any other Minister; but I feel the most perfect
confidence that the answer given to the second ques-
tion by their representatives will be that they cannot
approve the circumstances under which the war
commenced, and that they desire that it should be
terminated as speedily as possible. (Hear, hear.)
So that, in fact, the position of the Government after
the dissolution will be, practically, precisely the same
London, England, 1857-03-21

THE PRESS.

establishment of any form of government which the people
of any foreign country might be pleased to adopt. In
such a case we should of course have our opinion as to
what would be must desirable, but that opinion we should
not think ourselves entitled to enforce by appeal to arms.
( Hear, hear.)
Mr. tisie kEi.r: Do I distinctly understand the noble
lord to state—it is well to be candid in these matters—that
no communications took place between the Government of
which he is chief and any foreign power in which the con-
tingency of republican institutions being established in
Italy, was contemplated, and the course which her Majes•
ty's Government under that contingency were prepared to
pursue, was expressed.
Lord PALMERSTON : That is a totally different question.
The right hon. gentleman asked me whether any offer had
been made by the British Government to co-operate with
any foreign power in t reventing the establishment of repub-
lican institn ions in Italy.
Mr. DISRAELI : I asked whether any offer had been
made to a foreign power, but 1 did not say a word about
co•operation.l
Lord PALMERSTON : Well, any offer to a foreign power
to do something, and that, too, if necessary, by force of
arms. I repeat, no communication has been made to any
foreign power that we would prevent the establishment of
republican institutions in Italy.

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.

Leave was given to bring in a bill to authorise the
payment of dividends.

HOUSE OF LORDS.-WYDNESDkY.

The House of Lords sat for a short time in the
morning, when several bills were forwarded a stage.

HOUSE OF CO NI MON S.-WF:DNFDAY.

The Speaker's Retirement Bill was read a third
time and passed.
The SPEAKER expressed his acknowledgments to
the house for this mark of their approbation of his
services, and for ►.he noble and generous manner in
which those services had been rewarded.
London, England, 1857-03-21

WHITMORE AND CRA DDOCK'S

IT N I D L E S,
Mannfactured for them by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY, Limited. These Candles are unrivalled for steadi-
ness and brilliancy of light, at one-third the price of the finest
Wax or Sperm. They are free from all unpleasant smell, herd
to the touch, and contain no deleterious ingredient. Sold, retail
only, in ornamental boxes, at Is., 46., and 6s. each.
BELMONT GLYCERINE SOAP, in boxes 6d., Is., and
Is. fid. each. Terms, Cash.
The City Retail Depot for Price's Patent Candles, Night
Lights, &c.. WHITMORE and CRADDOCK, 16, BISHOPS
r; ATP. STREET WITHIN, London. (Old Servants of Price's
Candle Company.

DIVIIWS CANDLES, 6d. and 61d. per lb. ;
genuine Sperm. 2s. 24. ; Transparent Wax, 2s. 4d.: hest
Wax, 2s. ed.; fine British Wax or Sperm, Is. 54. ; German Wax.
ls.dd. ; Botanic Wax' Is. Id. ; Patent Wax or Sperm, Is. Id. per
lb. ; Composite,Pd , 104.. Ild., and Hid.; Moulds, 84.: Palmer's
Metallic, ono or two wicks, 9.d. ; Magnums. 10d.: Yellow Soap
40a., 4 111, 485., and s2s per 1.21b5.; old Brown Windsor, Is. 94.
per racket; common Brown Windsor. Is. ; Honey, Is. 44.; White
Windsor. Is. 4d.; Rose, 25.; Almond, 2s. ed.; Argand Oil, Ss. Od.
per gallon; French, 4a. 9d.—for Caah,
At M. P. DAVIFS and SON'S,
63, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, Charing-cross, London. W. C.
London, England, 1857-03-21

THE MANSION HOUSE DINNER.

The Lord Mayor entertained her Majesty's Mi-
nister's at a grand banquet last evening. The speech
of the night was that of the Premier. The noble
lord at the head of her Majesty's Government con-
fined himself to the subject of foreign policy, and
challenged the country upon the Canton question.
The noble lord, the head of the Liberal party,
avoided topics of domestic policy, and gave out no
new profession of Liberal principles.
London, England, 1857-03-21

glttropolitall.

THE CONTEMPLATED DESTRUCTION OF THE TEMPLE
FOUNTAIN for the erection of a new library has
excited great opposition in the Temple, and a peti-
tion to the Benchers against the project is now in
preparation. The new library is not wanted, and
even if it were the destruction of one of the prettiest
spots in the Temple, preserved with religious care
for so many centuries, should be first well considered.
Sir Richard Beliell, we see, supports the erection of
this new building. We trust that no private in.
terest influences the opinion of the learned Attorney-
General.

HIS ROYAL HIGIINESS THE PRINCE—CONSORT
opened the Golden-lane New Schools on Thursday
Thee schoob, affording accommodation for
1,000 children, have been erected at a cost of 9,0001.,
6,000/. of which is defrayed by the Privy Council
Education Committee. An address, explaining in
detail the objects of the schools, was read by the
Rev. W. Rogers. The Prince Consort replied :
In the progress of these schools, struggling, I may say,
from the moat lowly and humble beginnings, np to the
present noble dimensions, we find a striking exemplifies.
tion of the Divine troth, that the principle of good once
sown is not destined to lie dormant, but tbat, like the
grains of mustardseed, it is calculated to extend anti
develop itself in an increasing sphere of usefulness; and
we may confidently hope that what you have now effected,
following this universal law, will not be limited in its
results to the immediate objects of your charitable exer•
tions, but that it will prove the means of diffusing untold
blessings amongst remote generations.

His Royal. Highness then congratulated Mr. Rogers
upon the success of his labours, and closed his reply
with an expression of the deep interest her Majesty
the Queen took in the wellbeing of the poorest of her
subjects.

A MOTHER AND Fora CHILDREN were burned to
death at their house in St. Mary's terrace, Walworth.
road, on Tuesday night last. No reason could be
given for tho origin of the fire.
London, England, 1857-03-21

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 1857.

1853, that at that period the income tax should alto-
gether cease and determine ; but I am bound to
point out and submit to the Government the present
position of the finances, which, I confess, unless
some vigorous and active measures are taken,
leave me little expectation that that pledge can be
fulfilled.

In the present year the Chancellor of the Ex-
' chequer calculates on having a surplus of somewhere
about 500,0001. It was a portioi of the arrangements
made in 1853 that in order to pr wide for the gradual
abolition of the income tax in 1860 that tax should
be reduced, from the sth of •April, 1857, from 7d. to
sd. in the pound, and so to remain until its final ex-
tinction. But -war supervened, and so far from it
being pOirsible to imintele the income tax during the
continuance of the war it was found necessary to
double its amount from 7d. to 14d. in the first in-
stance, and subsequently to increase it still further
to 16d. in the pound. The last act was introduced
by the present Chancellor of the Exchequer. The
act which preceded it bore on its face that the in-
come tax levied for the war should continue for one
year after the conclusion of peace and no longer.
The act introduced by the present Government pro-
fessed to bear the same condition on its face and to
be nothing more than the extension of the amount
of the tax from 14d. to 16d. in the pound, but by
that which has been represented to be a mere slip of
the pen—a mere casual error—it did so turn out that
from the words of tho act, and from the periods of
the year at which the peace was concluded and rati-
I fled, the letter of the law, which professed to keep
the extraordinary taxation for one year after the ter-
mination of the war, practically continued it for two
years. It was admitted on all hands tflat that was
not the intention of Parliament, and it was loudly
declared by the Government that they would be
ashamed to avail themselves of so paltry a quibble.
Now, if they did not choose to avail themselves of so
paltry a quibble, the simple process would have been
to repeal the act from the time it was intended to
cease, the consequence of which would have been
that on the sth of April next ensuing the income
tax would have been reduced to sd. in the pound ;
and I cannot but express my deep regret, on account
of the principle involved, that under these circum-
stances the Chancellor of the Exchequer should have
taken advantage of that casual error in the Act of
Parliament, not, indeed, for the purpose of keeping
up the whole war tax for the present year, but of
making an addition of 2d. in the pound, and that for
the ordinary purposes of taxation, beyond the amount
to which it was the intention of Parliament the tax
should be reduced. (Hear, hear.) You may say
what you please, but that act on the part of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer was, in fact, to the ex-
tent of 2d. in the pound, which means 2,000,0001. to
London, England, 1857-03-21

SPAIN.

The Espana states that General de la Concha will
most probably be the Commander•in•Chief of the
Mexican expedition. A royal decree published in
the Gazette orders that an agricultural exhibition
shall be held at Madrid in the month of September
in the present year.

General Prim has been sentenced to six months
imprisonment at Toledo.
The Mexican Ambassador has arrived at Madrid.

NAPLES.

Letters from Naples, dated the 14th, state that a
Muratist party is rapidly forming and consolidating.
An invitation to the army is in circulation, call-
ing on the troops no longer to countenance the
Bourbons.
London, England, 1857-03-21

t VI., few April,
kGAZINE. Edited by
WESTLAND MAFtSTON.

Exo•►rtnoe.
Butner Lytton, • Portrait
Don Quixote, by Lake Price
The Decadence of Italy, by
Couture
Byron's Early Love, by E. M.
Ward, R.A.
The Bathing Pool, by G. B.
Gavin
L•lia Rookh, by F. Wyburd
Satan, by Stothard
Spending • Ha'•penny, by G.
Smith; with other 111 u•dra-
time, the whole engraved by
Henry Linton.

COMPANY (Limited), 25, Essex-
London, England, 1857-03-21

The author argues out the Lynchian code :

And after all, the fear of punishment of death is the
most effectual preventive of crime. To the class of men
among whom murderers are found, it is probably the only
feeling which deters them, and its influence is uncon-
soionsl• felt even by those whose sense of right and wrong
is oot yet so dead as to allow them to contemplate the
possibility of their committing a murder. In old States,
however, fear of the punishment of death does not set with
its full force on the mind of the intending criminal, for the
idea of the expiation of his crime on the scaffold has to be
preceded in his imagination by all the mysterious and
tedious formalities of the law, in the uncertainty of which
he is apt to flitter himself that he will by some means get
an acquittal; and even if convicted, the length of time
which must elapse before his ultimate punishment, to-
gether with the parade and circumstance with which it is
attended, divests it in a great measure of the feelings of
horror which it is intended to arouse.

But when I,vneh law prevails,-iistrikes terror to the
heart of the ecil•doer. He has no hazy anti undefined view
of his ultimate fate in the distant future, but a vivid pic-
ture is before him of the sure and speedy consequence of
crime. The formalities and Belays of the law, which are
instituted :or the protection of the people, are for the same
reason aMdi.hr . anti the mintitial knows that, instead of
being tri••tl by the elaborate and intricate process of law,
his very i morence of which leads him to over•eastimate his
chance of escape, he will have to stand before a tribunal of
;nen, who will try him, not by law, but by hard, straight-
forward c tromon sense, and from whom he can hope for no
other ter lict than that which his own conscience awards
Lim ; while execution tlh so close upon sentence, that
it forms, as it were, but part of the same ceremony : for
tialifornians were eminently practical and earnest ; what
they meant to do they did " right off," with all their might,
and as if they really meant to do it ; and Lynch law was
administered with characteristic promptness and decision.
Sufficient time, however, or at least what was considered
to ho sufficient time. WAS always granted to the criminal to
prepare for death. Very frequently he was not hanged till
the day &Bering trial.

In justice to th© •" land of the West" w•e must
recollect that America can boast of the
London, England, 1857-03-21

METALS—Scotch pig iron has sold to a fair extent, at
75s id and 71. 9d cash. Lead has advanced lnis per ton, with
some activity in the demand. Tin is film, at nos for Baum,
Tin plates and other metals support previous quotations.
1101'S—The show of samples is tolerably good, and the de.
mand may be considered Nteady, at full prices. Mid and East
Kent pockets, 31 Cs to SI 12a; Weal of Xenia, 31 5s to
11 Cs; Sussex, 31 3s to 41; yearlings, II 10s to 31 12s per cwt.
London, England, 1857-03-21

THE EAST.

Despatches from Constantinople, dated the 14th
instant, announce that the ship Kangaroo had landed
troops and arms in Circassia.
M. de Boutenieff had demanded the appointment
of a commission to inquire into the nature and origin
of this expedition.
The Circassians had repulsed 4,000 Russians on
the frontier of Ahasia.

Then bad been terious disturbances among the
population of Tibris, in consequence of the scarcity
of provisions.
On the sth instant a council of Ministers had been
held at Constantinople to deliberate on the choice of
a new Kaimakan of Moldavia, but no decision had
been then come to.
AMERICA.

Letters from New York, to the 4th instant, state
that the greatest excitement and expectation existed
as to the tone and tenor of Mr. Buchanan's inaugural
address.

Mexico, it is reported, has sold to the American
Government for 25,000,000 dollars a tract of land in
the province of Oaxaca, for the purpose of cutting a
canal through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
The Cabinet of Mr. Buchanan was completed,
though not officially announced. It is said to be
composed as follows :
State Department Lewis Cass, Michigan.
Treasury Department
Interior Department Jacob Thompson, Miss.

. .
War Department
Navy Department Aaron V. Brown, Tenn.
Postmaster-General ..

Attorney• General .. .
The New York Herald says :—" Mr. Buchanan
will expect every American Minister abroad, every
Chargé d'Affaires, and every Consul or special com-
mercial agent, to send in their resignations respect-
without delay, for that they will all be dis-
placed, with probably not a single exception from
the operation of the rule. From Mr. Dallas, at Lon •
don, to Major Cass at Rome, cnd from the Consul at
Liverpool to the commercial agent at the Sandwich
Islands, new men will take the places of the present
incumbents.
London, England, 1857-03-21

Volitztiti.

Csiniar Couscn.s were held on Saturday and on
Thursday afternoons, at the official residence of Lord
Palmerston, in Downing-street. All the Ministers
attended.

A Court of Privy Council was held at Buckingham
Palace, on Friday afternoon.
...

His Excellency Feronk Khan, Envoy Extraordinary
from the Shah of Persia, has arrived at Claridge's
Hotel from Paris.

The Earl of Burlington it is r6ported has been
appointed Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire, in the
room of the late Earl of Ellesmere.

We hear on good authority the Right Hon. Ver-
non Smith and Sir George Clerk, on Thursday, paid
a visit of courtesy and had a long conversation with
her Majesty the Queen Dowager of Oude, relative to
her Majesty's presentation to her most Gracious
Majesty the Queen.

EARL AMHERST expired on Friday night, at Knowle
Park, near Sevenoaks, Kent. He was born in 1773,
and early in 1816 was appointed Ambassador Extra-
ordinary to the Emperor of China. The incidents
of the voyage and mission are familiar to the public.
In 1817, on his return to England, Lord Amherst
visited the Emperor Napoleon at the Island of St.
Helena, and was honoured with several interviews
by that illustrious captive. He subsequently was ap-
pointed Governor-General of India, and for his ser-
vices there was in 1826 created Earl Amherst and
Viscount Holmesdale. He is succeeded by his only
son, William Pitt, Viscount Holmesdale. whose
eldest son, Captain Amherst, of the Grenadier
Guards, becomes Viscount Holmesdale.

FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE.
Tuesday, Marc% 17.

BANKRUPTS.—JowN NoRToN, Norwich, corn merchant—
JAMES STEEN HARVEY, Birmingham, grocer and oruggist—
',lONlC!. CREASY, and JOHN JACKSON CREASY, Turnhamgrer*,
butc ion—JANES CURTIS, Gresham, Norfolk, tailor and drup r
THOMAS H mass, Sheffield, scale cutter—THOMAS JOHN CI E
WICK, Sheffield, electroplated goo 's manufacturer—Wit.; LM
TILBURY, Great Titchtield•strect, Marylebone, brass workt.—
WILLIAM SMITH, Nottingham. grocer-141011%8 CHARLES NI D•
wIN , and CRESWELL HALL, Blackfriars.road, englneers—TuoNAS
SMITH, Nottingham, licensed victualler—JOHN COLEMAN, W
verhampton, theatrical bookseller—JAnss Cis trrzaroN, end
MOSES CHATTERTON (and not Catterion, as advertise I in last
Friday's Gazette). Ilorncastle, Lincolnshire, millers and bakers.
SCOTCH bk.:QC ESTRA I lONS.—J. FL Coupar-Angus,
inkeeper—C. CRICHTON, Fort William, surgeon—E. SLACK,
Glasgow, manufacturing chemist--D. Roosts, Glasgow, lactman
COCPLAND, Dumfries, hairdresser.
London, England, 1857-03-21

295

throwing the existing Government and forming a
di sorganised and heterogeneous Government in its
place. My notions may perhaps be somewhat old-
fashioned and contrary to the enlightenment of the
day, but they are the opioions to which I have
st edfast)y adhered through no inconsiderable period
of my life, and I cannot now change them. Such
as they have been such they will continue to be to
the end of my career, whatever may be my political
fortunes. I intend to maintain inviolate the great
institutions of the country ; I intend to support, as
far as my feeble voice can go, the prerogatives of the
Crown, the independence and the hereditary cha-
racter of your lordships' house, and the rights of the
people. (Cheers.) I intend to support the doc-
trines, the rights, and the property of that Estab-
lished Church of which I have always been an
attached me mber ; I desire to see her weak places
strengthened and her defects repaired—l desire to
see her taking a firmer hold on the affections of the
people. But, for my part, I never will consent to
see the withdrawal of one single stone from the
venerated fabric of that Church which I regard with
filial love and reverence. (Cheers.)
Pardon me, my lords, for saying so much upon my
own views and feelings. We who sit in this great
assembly are not dependent upon the will of any
c onstituency for re-election. We express here our
own individual and spontaneously formed opinions.
But there is not the less a moral responsibility rest.
ing upon each of us, and more especially upon those
of our number who are honoured with the confidence
of any portion of their fellow-countrymen, not to
shrink at such a time as this from the frank and fear-
less avowal of their principles—not to veil themselves
in studious mystery, but to declare clearly and man-
fully the course they are resolved to take under all
circumstances and in all political eventualities. In
the assertion of these opinions I may expose myself
to obloquy, to calumny, and misrepresentation, as I
have done before. These things I have had to meet,
and I trust I know how to meet them again, and
live them down. But no man shall have to say of
me during my life, nor, I hope, will any man be able
with truth to impute to my memory, that I have
ever shrunk from the avowal of my political opinions
—that I have ever sunk a principle for the purpose
of obtaining an advantage, or that I have ever be-
trayed the trust reposed in me by those friends who
have honoured me with their political confidence.
(Loud cheers.)
London, England, 1857-03-21

Friday, March 20.

BANKRUPTCIES ANN I; LLE D.ALEXANDER SYME, Ton-
bridge Wells, Kent, stationer—Bs:ma DEritsus, Liverpool,
money scrivener.
BANKRUPTS.—Joint HERTER, Nottinghamplace, Stepney,
draper—GEoßGE GOODWIN, Manchester, woollen merchant—
JOHN WRIOOLESWORTH, Halifax, Yorkshire, linendraper—Jowx
SAMUEL GRIEVES, Greystoke-place, Fetter lane, printer and
publisher—EVAN LEWIS, Llantrissant. Glamorganshire, NM-
tualler—HENßY I'dAßLow, Walsall, Staffordshire, iron-founder—
JOHN WILDING CLARKE, Whittlesea, Cambridge, seed merchant
—SAMUEL COULDREY, Flower's•wharf, Limehouse, lime mer-
chant—WlLLlAM HOWARD Church-street, Bermondsey, timber
merchant—GEOßGE CONSTANTIN FRANOHIADA, Gresharmhouse,
Old Broad street., merchant—CHAßLES HIGGINS, Salibbllry,
brewer—TlLDEN CHRISTMIs. Chatham, coal merchant.

SCOTCH SEQUESTHATIONS.—PETER GALLACHER, Glas-
gow, grocer—ALExysosa MACDONALD, Portree, merchant.

BIRTHS.

FRASER—On the 18th instant, at Woolwich, the wife of Copt.
G. H. Fraser, t+ A., of a son.
HAYES—On the Srd of FeLruary, at Luckiww, the wife of
Captain Hayes, of a son.

MARRIAGES.
LLINGS—DICKENS—on the 13th instant, at Paris, Sainne 1
Mußings. Esq., to Mary Ann, daughter of Major Dickens,
of Tours.
MUNRO—BELL—On the 13th instant, at Southsea
Munro, Esq., M.D.' 93rd Highlanders, to Dora Laidlaw,
daughter of the late James Bell, Esq.

DEATHS.
AMHERST-0u the 19th instant, at linole-park, the Right
Hon. the Earl Amherst, aged 84.
CRAUSE—On the 15th instant, at Brixton, Major Crause, un-
attached, aged 67.
ERSK I N E—At Brighton, the Hon. Margaret Erskine, datnhter
of the late Thomas, Lord Erskine, aged 61.
LAPSLIE—On the 17th instant, at Park-lodge, Streatham.
William Forster Lapelie, Esq., son of the lat 3 Lieut.-Cobalt/
Lapalie, 39th Regiment, aged SS.
LEITH—On the :let of February, at Gibraltar, Lieut. James
Wellesley Leith, 92nd Highlanders, aged 22.
LF.SLI On the 15th instant, William Loslie, of Warthill,
Aberdeenshire, aged 87.
MELLADEW —On the 11th instant, in Ledbroke-square,
Frances Anne, wife of Thomas Melladew, daughter of the late
Admiral Sir Ross Donnelly, K.C.B.
TALBOT DE MALATi IDE—On the 13th instant, Anus Suab,
Dowager Lady Talbot de lislehide, aged 02.
TURNOUR—On the sth instant, et Tatterford Reat‘7.ry, Norfolk,
the Bon. and Rev. Adolphus Augustua Tumour. agM 66.
WHINYATES—On the 15th instant. si Nortkplaise, cAelimpe
him, ReipAdmiral Thomas Wbinyttei, rod 77,
London, England, 1857-03-21

TWENTY SHILLINGS PER DOZEN.

DENMAN'S SOUTH AFRICAN PORT.
DENMAN'S SOUTH AFRICAN SHERRY.

" Having tasted these Wines, we say to those who like
wine possessing richness without sweetness, dryness with.
out acidity, anal body without brandy, by all means give them a
trial.'—Vide Belts N'eekly Messenger, January 17, 18)7.
Bottles included. Packages allowed for when returned.
Delivered free to any of the railway termini in London.
Terms cash.

A Sample Bottle for Twenty-four Stamps.
Country orders must contain a remittance. Cheques to be
crossed " Bank of London."

J. L. DF,NMAN, Wine and Spirit Importer, u 5, FEN-
CH II RCH-STR EET, Lot.don. Couuting•house entrance, Aret
door on the left up Hailwapplace.

JW. BENSON'S WATCH, CLOCK, ttnd
CHRONOMETER MANUFACTORY. 33 and 34, LUD-
GATE HILL London. Established 1749.
J. W. BENSON, Manufacturer of GOLD and SILVER
WATCHES of every description, constriction, and pattern
Invites attention to his magnificent and unprecedented die.
play of Watches, which is admitted to be the largest and
best selected stock in London. It consists of Chroncmeter,
Duplex, Patent, Detached I ever, Horizontal, and Vertical
Movements, jewelled, &e., with all the latest improvements,
mounted in superbly-finished engine-turned and engraved Gold
and Silver Cases. The designs engraved upon many of the cases
Are by eminent artists, and can only be obtained at this Manu-
factory. If the important requisites, supe.iority of finish, com-
bined with accuracy of performance, elegance, durability, and
reasonableness of price, are wished for, the intendina•Purchaser
should visit this Manufactory, or send for the ILLUSTRATED
PAMPHLET, published by J. W. BENSON (and sent post
free on application), which contains sketches, prices, and direc-
tions as to what Watch to buy, where to buy it, and how to use it
Several hundred letters have been received from persons who
have bought Watches at this Manufactory, bearing testimony to
the correct performances of the same.
London, England, 1857-03-21

81,000 IN CASE OF DEATH,
A FIXED ALLOWANCE OF VI PER WEEK,
In the event of INJURY by ACcIDENTS of every description,
may be secured ban Annual Payment of for a Policy in
THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS'
ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Smaller Amounts may be secured by proportionate payments.
No Charge for Stamp Duty.
Railway Accidents alone may he insured against by the
Journey or by the Year at all the principal Railway Stations,
where also Forms of Proposal and Prospectuses .may be had;
and of the Provincial Agents; and at the Head Office, London.
N.B. The usefulness of this Company is shown by the sum
paid as Compensation for Accidents, £42,722.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Railway Passengers' Assurance Company
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament,
Office, 9, Old Broad•street, E.S.

SMITH, ELDER, AND CO.'S
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
MRS. GASKELL'S LIFE of CHARLOTTE
DROSTE. 2 vols., post Bvo., with Portrait and View.
on the =lt.
2 DR. DUNCAN AIIPHERSON'S
ANTIQUITIES of KERTCH. and Researches in the Cimme-
rian Bosphorus. 4to. Imperial, ten Coloured Facsimiles of
Relics of Antique Art, and numerous other Illustrations.
Price 21. 28. to NonsSubscribers. [This day.
NEW NOVELS.
1. FRIENDS of BOHEMIA ; or. Phases of
London Life. By E. M. WHITTY, Esq., Author of " The
Governing Classes." In 2 vole. Vest published.
"Mr. Whitt), is a genuine satirist, employing satire for a
genuine purpose. You laugh with him very much, but the
laughter is fruity and ripe in thought. ' Friends of Bohemia'
is no book of bioad.grins; the humours bear on life, the whim-
sicalities lead to philosophy. The author has a merriment akin
to that of Jacques and that of Tirnon."—Athernrion.
"There are evidences of power and of trenchant an alytical
thought—brightgems of epigrammatic wit—enough to make the
fortuneof halt a dozen fashionable novels."—Critic.
" A work of singular and original kind, displaying no incon-
siderable ability. Many scenes and histories in these volumes
display originality and ability—a quick eye to detect the vices
and follies of the social system, and a skilful hand to depict
them."--Stm.
2. THE EVE OF ST. MARK. By
THOMAS DOUBLEDAY, In 2 volumes. [This day.