The Express.
London, England, 1852-07-17 00:00:00

vie entrelso.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
• ASIGII• KAMM .4 "Ili• Eames" matelalse •lie ono 'weir lee
" Gown.," i• publabed ow sty readily NW Yriday •krbt, la dal
het
Wei mew% ta horded Ist " The tapross," Lomas Itreia, peter,
lar• be at the thine. Iles•eri•-atrasi, 'ay Two Valsei ea tam
day of pabilmtios.

RION WATIM AT LONDON BRIDON.
roe Do—lionfaLlL la. .Afterassa. h. !Sm.

ii. -i.T.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 17.

Tne meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society
at Lewes affords indications of the state of agri-
culture which completely overturn all the theories
and predictions of the Protectionists. How did
it happen, for instance, that in Sussex, where, if
anywhere, husbanemen should be depressed by
reason of the absence of rural enterprise and has-
beadlike skill, that the show of Southdown sheep—
the stock of the district—was one of surpassing
excellence P Or, to take an instance of wider signi-
ficance, how was it that the exhibition was the best
—the most practically useful—that has ever
taken p'ace ? Implements adapted to the capital
and command of horse power possessed by the
small farmer hinted a striking feature of this show
of implements ; while great improvements had been
made, even since last year, in numerous standard
implements without increasing their cost. What do
these things show? Why, that an effective demand
for improved implements is growing up amongst the
smaller farmers; and that the maehinemakers are
accommodating their supplies to the new market by
producing lighter, more manageable, and lower
priced implements of kinds—such as drills and the
like—which have hitherto only been purchased by
the more opulent farmers ;—improving imple-
ments of general necessity without increasing
the coot. Is not this one of the most certain signs
that our agriculture is advancing, even amongst
the smaller farmers, about whose prospects protec-
tionist landowners were wont to be exceedingly
susceptible? Evidence of the promptness with which
the larger farmers adopt new machinery may be
found in the statement made by Mr. THOMPSON that
since last summer, when the reaping machine was
first introduced, our various implement makers have
received orders fur no less than 1,400 reaping
machines. Then, again, amongst the breeders of
live stock them was no falling off, but, on
the contrary, a more active rivalry and closer com-
petition than on former occasions. And this is a
branch of rural industry which can only flourish in
a country of which the agriculture is progressive.
Considerable outlays of capital, perseverance, long-
continued observation, and an almost exclusive devo-
tion toe highly artificial, not to say precarious, depart-
meet of husbandry, are amongst the essential reqiu-
sites to the success of a professional breeder of live stock,
—and the increasing number of competitors in this de-
pertinent proves the constantly increasing demand
which exists amongst tho farming body for the best
descriptions of live stock. Let the names of the prize
winners for cattle, sheep, horses, or swine, be noted
for the last ten or twelve years, and it will be found
that very few individuals take the best prizes for
more than two years in succession, before they are
pushed from their supremacy by new competitors,
who in turn are afterwards defeated either
by new men, or by the veteran breeders
who— profiting by defeat—by renewed exer-
tions again win fresh successes. But it must
be recollected that thebrceder who has once obtained
the great prizes of the Royal Agricultural Society,
has thereby stamped upon his herd or his flock a com-
mercial value—has founded a connexion and a busi-
ness of no blight importance both to himself and the
farming community. The winning of a prize has
authenticated his stock, and justly so, because so se-
vere is the competition at these shows that none but
the best bred animals have the slightest chance of
mune, and thus purchasers of stock from tke win-
ners of prizes have warranty for that first essential
purity of blood. Aad the very diminution of num-
bers of stock shown is, in fact, evidence of the
improvement taking place. The keeper of ordinary
live stock knows the uselessness of entering into
competition with the men who mainly devote their
capital and time to breeding. A division of effort
takes place amongst agricultuists--each striving to
have one object in perfection and this division of
employments in rural industry, which is yearly
increasing, forms one of the best means of improving
the art of husbandry.
And let it be observed, that all this progress, if it
has not actually had its origin in the decay of Pro-
tection, has been much accelerated bthe self-reliance
which has for some years been taking the place of
reliance on the protective system. But the most
hopeful sign of the times exhibited at the Lewes
meeting was the unanimous determination of all
the political instructors of the agricultural mind—
the landed magnates who discoursed at the council
dinner—to recommend improvement and self-depen-
dence. From such men as Lord Deem that advice
came naturally and gracefully ; himself a first-rate
improver of land cad stock, he could dilate and dic-
tate on practical agriculture with confidence, while
his advice would be received with respectful atten-
tion. But what can the farmers, who have so long
been led astray by the Derbyites, when in opposition,
think of such pimps as the following from
Sir lOUs PAKINOTON'S speech, who said, " they
must all feel that the interests of the
landowner and the interests of the tenant farmer
alike required that they should combine, by every
possible improvement in agriculture, by every pos-
sib's exercise in agricultural skill, to produce from
the soil the largest crops which it would yield?"
And Sir JOHN declared " that amongst those who
had cheered the British farmer by their good ex-
ample, and who had contributed to the science of
agriculture the greatest possible amount of skill,
and the most liberal expenditure of capital, there
were few, if any, who stood so conspicuously eminent
as their president, Lord Dieu -How is it that the
COLONIAL SECRETARY has now, so late in the
day, made this discovery P When Lord Deem was
executing his improvements on his Example farm—
when he was explaining to a committee of the House
of Lords the way in which settlements and entails
impeded the progress of !agriculture—and when he
wee presiding over a League meetinig, now nine or
ten years ago—what was Sir JOHN YALINOTON and
his party isoadjutors about P Did they not discounte-
nance the notion that improvement could form any
substitute for protection P Did they not ponder to
the lowest prejudices and the most obtuse ignorance
amongst the farmers P Did they not exaggerate the
productive powers of foreign competitors
Free-
trade • the most disastrous consequences from Free-
trade ? Did they not denounce and vilify every in-
telligent landowner for recommending them that for
which Lord Deem is now made the object of almost
fulsome panegyric ?
The explanation is Out the DERRY administration,
having gained power as Protectionists, would now
become Freetmden or anything else to retain place.
True it is the agricultural mind is slow, but it is
surely discovering that the prophets of evil and ruin
are scarcely the appropriate leaders in the present era
of agricultural improvement. Of course direct re-
ference to what are designated political topics was
excluded, but Lord PALMERSTON contrived to give
the farmem and farmers' friends a sly hint
when adverting to the loud outcry farmers
are making against the monopoly of ne;
be mid all hie endeavours when Foreign
Secretary to induce them to reduce the prim had
proved knitters; for " in fact, the Peruvians were
not more disposed to let us put a price on their
guano than the British farmer would be disposed to
let the Peruvians put a price on English corn." And
it is due to the British Lion, as represented by the
farmers at Lewes, to say that he laughed obstrepe-
rously at the inuendo.
There were, however, things of which we heard •
good deal in the show-yard amongst the farmers, but
of which not a syllable was breathed by the magnates
whospoke at the council-table. To omit all notice of
them when commenting on the Lewes meeting
would be almost like leaving out the part of Hamlet.
The farmers admitted that protection was gone for
ever, that no re-arrangement of local taxes would be
of any substantial benefit to them, and that they
did nut expect, and scarcely desired, high
prime; but, they added, that, accepting the
present state of things as permanent and inevitable,
jtihmreqiured common justice at the hands of their
de. They said rents must be reduced, that
farmers' capital must be secured by rational leases,

gams and game laws must bs attantioned, and, the
payers of county rates mast him some amtrol over
county expenditure. At the ,dis•so we IWO
Alia
nothing but eulogies of such mettle is bristling,
landlords and tenants together, god %d
improvement of land by occupies—Alai in ma-
jority of cases cannot be oliaaelL)pasupa tin
will not effect the preliminary porallaNd Y.
which properly fall within Asir proviso to mate.

AN imperturbable sangfroid—sit abstinence from
the expression of any strong emotions—is declared
by some to be the distinguishing and characteristic
mark of high birth and breeding. On ordinary oc-
casions there may be few objections to this. There
is doubtless something imposing in such seeming
superiority to mere human noon. It is analogous
to the repose which classic) artists infused into the
le:onagers of their divinities. But there are also
mammon which it is desirable that members of the
aristocracy should lay aside their conventional im-
passiveness, and spelk and act with the eagerness of
men who are in earnest.
In p min English, there appears to us to have been
a degree of coldness and hall-hcartedness in Lord
ROBERT GROSVENOR'S recognition and advocacy
of the claims of Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE, his late
colleague and present fellow-candidate for Middle-
sex, at the meeting of electors at Hackney on Thurs-
day. Lord Bonen:es recapitulation of his own ser-
vices in the cause of sanitary and other reforms, and
his declaration of the course he is prepared to pursue
with respect to parliamentary reform, were satisfac-
tory. But in what he said of Mr. BERNAL OSRORNZ
and the Marquis of BLANDFORD there appeared to
be • patronising indifference towards the claims of
the former, and a reluctance to take the field ear-
nestly and strenuously, by no means conducive to
that enthusiastic unanimity and co-operation among
Liberals which is at present indispensable in Mid-
dlesex. _ _ _

This is to be regretted—mainly, for the effect it is
likely to have upon the reform interest in the coun-
try; but also for the effect it may have, on
future occasions, upon the political interest
of Lord Romer himself. The game of the
Derbyites is plain. They have concentrated their
hostile operations upon Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE; it
is that gentleman whom they seek to drive from the
representation of Middlesex. Not only do they dis-
claim an opposition to Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR;
they ostentatiously patronise his claims, and fawn
upon him in the moat fulsome and offensive manner.
In such circumstances any show of lukewarmness on
the part of Lord Bonen—any. seeming disposition
to damn Mr. OSBORNE with faint praise—or to ex-
tenuate the objectionable features in the Marquis of
BLANDFORD'S political character—has an ugly look.
It suggests misgivings that, though Lord ROBERT is
much of a patriot, ho may be more of an aristocrat ;
that the ties of family and caste are at least as
strong with him as those of citizenship; that ho is
fully more sensitive to the praise and blame of his
order (or its retainers) than of the general public.
Mr. OSBORNE told Lord ROBERT the simple truth
when he assured him that though the Tories might
spare him on this occasion, it would only be to at-
tack him at greater advantage hereafter. Any lake-
warmness, any indifference, any shrieking from
exertion, in the asserting of Mr. OSBOR.NE'S claims
now by Lord ROBERT and his friends will be deeply
felt and resented by the independent Liberals in the
country; and if, in consequence of any lukewarmness
on the part of the Gaosvzsoa party, Mr. Osnonzz is
defeated, the GROSVENORS may look in vain for the
support of the independent Liberals when their time
comes to be assailed by the Tories.
Among earnest Liberals throughout the country
there is but one feeling towards Lord ROBERT
GROSVENOR—a feeling of respect and affection. But
if the independent Liberals throughout the
county are called upon to declare whether
the defeat of Lord ROBERT or Mr. Ostioatiz would
be the most severe blow to the Liberal party in w-
'lament, there would be but one answer—Mr.
OSBORNE would be incalculably the greater loss.
The wealth and rank of the GROBVILNOIS render
them, no doubt, weighty auxiliaries as well as orna-
ments of the Liberal party, but were any untoward
accident to sever tlieir alliance, the GROSVENOR
family would suffer more by its loss of prestige and
influence than would the Liberal party by the with-
drawal of their support. Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE has,
on the contrary, a power in himself, and a growing
power. His readiness and talent as a parliamsotary
debater—his stores of acquired knowledge, and ability
to turn them to account—his alternately vehement,
sarcastic, playful, winning oratory—all combine to
enable him to wield the minds of men and iniesses
their judgments and actions. He is feared all
the advocates of ancient abuse, or eosariiiag
corruption, and by all the shams who would wage
war 'gaunt them in a comprota reseiffism
fashion. Hie defeat would be not the Ism of
a seat to theLiberala, the basal a Li veto's par-
liament ; it would be the removal (fora time) from
the field of one of the most vigorous and skilful
champions of reform, one of the most ready assail-
ants of corruption, oppression, and all misgovern-
ment. This is the reason—the sole reason—why
such a desperate effort is being made to drive him
from the path of the Derbyites, in which he is to
them a stumbling block and a stone of offence.
It is to be hoped that these considerations will
have their due weight with Lordßosear GROSVENOR
and his friends, and induce them at the nomination,
which takes place to-day, to abate a little of their
aristocratic lukewarmness—to identify themselves
more unequivocally, and enthusiastically, with Mr.
BERNAL OSBORNE and his friends,—to acknow-
ledge the importance of securing his seat, and exert
themselves to aid in securing it.
The duty of the independent Menlo who are
electors in the county, and of all who have influence
With County electors, is evident. Lord ROBERT
GROSVENOR S return is certain; nobody can endanger
it, or thinks of endangering it. But a dead set is
made against Mr. Ossomix, solely because he has
approved himself one of the most efficient
instruments of reform in parliament, and because
his comparative youth, and rapidly maturing
powers give promiae, on his part, of •
lengthened career of usefulness. If, by any
remissness on the part of the reform electors is
Middlesex. Mr. Ossosaa is defeated, the consequence
will be a grave discouragement to all men of his
stamp who may feel disposed to devote their time,
talents, and exertions, to thepablic service; for who
will undergo toil and expose themselves to obloquy
and misrepresentation by fearless championship of a
public which betrays indifference to its champions
and deserts them in the hour of need!
The Liberal electors of Middlesex can return Mr.
Osman& What they did at the last election they
can do now. He has now much stranger claims
ups. them than he had formsely, for since his last
etudes be has developed estuirentoite and talents
for whisk no one then gave hint credit. Defeat in
the Manx elation weld be not only a heavy
blow bat a real dispose to the Liberal cause.

THE New CHANCERY Ac .—ln addition to the
three new Chancery sets already noticed in the Doily Nana
there is another, entitled " An act to extend the provisions
of the Trustee Act, IMO." The Trustee Act hasbmn head
very benelkial, and by the present act the Court of Chan-
cery may make an order for vesting an estate in lieu of •
conveyance by a party to the suit after • decree or order for
sale. Also power is given to vest an estate on refusal or
neglect of • trustee to convey or release. There are proci-
SiOel II to the transfer or receipt of dividends of stock, and
also is to the appointment of new trustees. The Court of
Chancery I. now empowered to appoint a new trustee in
lien of one convicted of felony, and to make en order vest-
ing the property forthwith en such new trustee.
APOTHECARIES' HALL.—Names of gentlemen who
Named their examination is the science and practice of
medicine, and received certificates to prattles, is Thurs-
day, July 1.5, 1842 :—Charles Whitefield, Bans Maple,
Devon ; Capel Bringloe, Beetles; Harry May, Stafford-
shire; John Cant'oy, Hedon, Yorkshire; Algernon &el-
log, Weybridge ; Peter Wood Stark; John Henry Gould,
India. _

ROYAL CAMLEOII OF SURGEONB.—The amnia: eke-
tics of aliens to this institution a•ok place at a meeting of
the Council ea Thursday last, on whith occasioa Mr. Cagey
Henry Hawkins, of Ornireaor-street, Oroevenor-sare.
suraeun to Mt. Oeorge's Hospital, was elected President;
and Messes. James Luke, of Brced-streetbuldings, surgeon
to
to the WW H 1 ospital, and Robert Kean, of H
street, Mayfair, SerjeaniStustean to her Majesty, were
elected Vies-Presidents of the College for the enesieg year.
At the nine meeting, Messrs. O. Oulliver, F.A.S., and R.
Partridge, F.R.S., the recently elected councillors, took
their seats, la the vacancies occasioned by the reelynatlon of
Mr. R. A. &afford and the death of Mr. J. Dalrymple.
WHEAL PROVIDENCE MIMING COMPANY.—The
property of this concern is to be sold at auction at Tans-
lock, to raise wets t defray debts under the Joint-Stack
Companies Winding-up Acts.