The Express.
London, England, 1862-01-30 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND AMERICA.

THE HARTLEY COLLIERY CATASTROPHE. I SOCIETY OP ARTS.
--•-- i Last evening, at a meeting of the members of
Another proof of the interest which the govern- I the society, a paper "On some recently-execetrted deep
meet have taken in the Hartley calamity (says the New , wells sal 'wrings," wail read by
.George It. Burnll, C.E.
castle Chronicle), is Weeded. Yr. Dunn, the respected Mr. liawitistiew, CB., I. the chair
mining inspector of this district, has received an intimatimi I The paper began by doting that. the remarkable meows
from the Hams-office, to the effect that a properly-qualified of the operations carried oa at Peasy, for the supply of the
official will be sent down to attend the inquest, which will artificial waters of the Bois de Boulogne by means of an
be opened on Monday next. Such an asnouncement will, artesian boring of unusually large diameter, had lately ra-
ve doubt nit, be bailed with feelings of gratitude by the vived the public interest in that dais of operations. both
large body et miner' in the neighbourhood. whose future on the continent and in England. It bad been proposed,
welfare and safety are at stake. Following the example indeed, to apply that system, on even a larger scale
of other neighbouring towns, the inhabitants of Sun- than was tried at Pahl, to our own metropolis ;
derland assembled on Tuesday, to take their share of the sod the scheme for sinking a series of deep
duty hi:mooed_ by the terrible calamity at Hartley Pit. The wells in the various parts of London had been
Mayer Preen; and the High Sheriff, Lord Adolphus revived by some enthusiastic admirers of the restate ob-
Ville Tempest ; Mr. Fenwick, member for the borough ; tamed by our neighbours. Experience had already decided
Sir Hedworth Williamson and other gentlemen, the problem of the possible success of such attempts here,
took part in the proceedings. A resolution, ex. and it must, therefore, be desirable at the present day
pelages of sympathy with the bereaved wives and to review briefly the history of artesian wells at home
families of the unfortunate village, was sustain:lonely and abroad, in order to prevent the waste of money
paned ; and a subscription list for the relief of and the diseppoinmeet which may arise from ill-advised
the sufferers was at once opened. Before the imitation of the measures proved to be successful in some
meeting separated • sum of upwards of 6001. was cases but by no MMus universally applicable. The term
realised, and it is expected that altogether not less than "artesian well" means, strictly speiddni. only a well
1,0001. will be contributed to the general fund. It is also sunk to a considerable depth, *roughs dry sad imper-
aega probable that a peen subscription may be instituted in the meable upper stratum, to a lower stratum charged with
town i and a OM saw surplus which may remain water, under such meddle= of pressure as to clime the
should be as the intabiiamien tof • permanent fund, water to flow over the mulais of the ground. The first wells
met with a reeeptios. Similar gatherings con- of this description mentionenin modern works on hydrau-
tinue to be la thsalikiele sad a meeting of the coal lice were executed in the province of the Artois, in France.
trade Is sum,! far Ina* next, until which Mass the Mr. Burnell Olen gave • description of the experiments,
course props.* to lei fa_
Willis& body will be •jabinra. successful or otherwise, which had bees mad* in well-
Alraldy thellOmeedieleellenis agwablet
swaying sinking in this and in Frown _Thom a:minima'
arnOantl ISITlib• Pnes et wow me. given a ware made at Nam, Calais, Berwick ffentish.
denalion or ON. , town, Cisielieeter, lath plan, Norwich, Slovernarket,
The following sums have also just come in :—Lord Hest- , Hastings, Brighton, Red Hill, Yarmouth. ho. The °resell"
lags, 4001. • Indy Hastings, 2001. ; the Dean and Chapter of well was commenced on the 29th Nov, 1833, and a copious
Durham, '2tlol. ; Mr. R. W. Jackson, West Hartlepool, jet of water was found on the 26th Feb., 1841. The
1051. ; /b. H. -W. Peak, Leedom, 105/. • the owners of municipality of Paris voted 7201. for the boring of the
Barton and Hilda Collieries, 106/. ; Dames Dowager of wells, but the work coat 14,000/. The time setually em-
Newthumberkind, 100 f. ; Duke of Cleveland, 1001. • the ployed in sinking the buoy well was nearly the same as
owners of Backworth and West Ciamlineton Collieries, that employed at Grenelle ; in the (WOW Menne" it was
NW ; the Marchioesse of Losidondarry,_lool. ; Mr. Went- ; 6 yearn 275 days, La the latter it was 7 years 90 days. The
worth Melnik Beaumont, ILF., 1001 ; Captain John cost of the Grenelle well was 14,0001. ; that of the well
thnt
at
Grant, Hyde-perk-street, lON. ; Hird. Dawson, and Hardy, I Pansy was 40,000 t., but it must be cheernd
Low Moor Don Works, 1001. ; Leah, Wilson, and Bell, 100/4 , the quantity rd caster, delivered at the ea.
Marchioaces of Waterford, 501. ,• Earl of Tankereille, 601.; ° height iu the two cases, wen ten Smell Fader sA
Lord Loyale°, 264. ; Earl Vane, SIX ; Sir F. Haring 701. Mon; Pansy than it was at Grenelle ; the rates of delivery
than 6001. has been collected on the London ona*sebange, were, in fact, nearly in the direct ratios of the linwelbess.
and Mean. Dixon and Harris, of the coal trade, have in AA usight naturally have been expected, the Inelloo et
addition forwarded 4001., collected hy them in various quer. Grenelle well, under these circernsteaces, iodise's' my I
tars. It is reckoned that about 20,0001. will be required for countrymen to continue their work with redoubled =kW I
the effectual relief of all those who have been deprived but oduilunalull theY displayed lam nersevaresen sad lit 1
of their maw of support by the accident, and if the was to be feared leis skill, than our neighbours ; for
Boned= peseadeat he followed. the sable Will be somewhere kithino none of the deep borings undertaken avowedly
about tea • wwlt for the widows, with 2.. for my/ elefid, for the purpose of obtaining a supply of water from the
and an adaM far wheeling _wherever it may be asiewary anbcretacsous beds in either the London, or the Hemp.
The waloweion have use &aided yet what course they will shire basins, had completely succeeded. This want
follow—wheetar I. eeknerikes 'Wily or as a body. They are of success wee attributed by Mr. Bunsen
to have • meallsg I. ellestes the metier same day this week. to the swanky/meet of uneetentite men is 1
osebisetne eabandpenne al We pascals of clothing bees making the observations and conducting the works.
been [+ waded from Imam geertera Ow benevolent lady There Sr., no doubt, said Mr. Burnell, copious and bout- '
bas ening te sumly all tie widows with • widow's cap. fed sings given off from the heed valley of the Len and
The Penes al veta-aesesepaeted kis deletion with • very the Wu, both of which rise in, end mu fed by, the chalk i
kind aselles;thising isle be Maws. Our, and the letter but thew springs may, ie almost all mass, be shown to be
from hat.
ty, rept en anndey, bee caned fain sea connected with some geological disturbance of the strata, 1
erpressose smog e& hem the bereaved, tut mace it and the only locality DKr LMAM when there se bMe
have been struck off en tams* paper, and one (wile' of
ben to be any chases of obtaining • large quantity of water
to each family- from the chalk, would be on the left bank—or the west—
of the river Lea, somewhat to the north-east of Stratford,
because there is shout that district • lined dmitarbanos in
the chalk parallel to the meals limit which
brings to the surfaces the amino tapped
nem New Onus, and those of Gragnbildro Essex.
It must be evident to anyone whs. nods attar
lively the records et the success sad of the lane of the
attempts above-mentioned, that tis unialier d enrisa ,
walls la en operatisa which Weil 41*..he inipmkei lel
skilful ..d WelLigiid Meat acquainted =ete=l I
pmctioe of their art. No sue work s
without a careful preliminary survey of WI epelogisal awl 1
hydrogrwhical conditions of the wacky alinaillos over a
very wide nose. This is seldom done, beoebesiserj tie public bodies, 1
in England at least, do not seem to pay for
engineers' blunders and miscalculation', lbw do object
to pay for their study, and it is at onesessumed that
because artesian wells have succeeded in ow ease they
most succeed in all. But even when the greatest amount
of skill and science have been brought to bear on the pre-
liminary Investigations for the intabliahment of an artesian
well, it is impaesible to predict with any certainty what the
result of staking a shaft or • boring rosy be in • instant
hitherto untried. Moreover, moryeztenui worts of espial
is limited in amount ; and silo in the neee of thear2
basin it would be ielinieri 116 wine the aeon et the he-
crewed dwerght the lamer geese sand desena • dry
nunnisr, before commencing, as has Woo pro-
posed, the execution of e large number of well, like thaws
of Pansy and of Gremlin.
An interesting discusnon ensued, in which Kr. Hamlin-
sou, Mr. !dyke, Dr. Lankarter, sad others took part ,_. and
the thanks of the meeting wire awarded to Mr. part;) for

NAVAL AND MILITARY.

WOOLWICH, JAIL 29.
Captain the Hon. James R. Drummond, C. 8.,
sad rim alsiabors of the Adadeslty, visited the deskyard
this sitirscasi, sad after deafer* with Ossessdarreaper
Wombat firfirF. F. W.E.
departassats at the estahlishassall. art ales the 011010•11.
izeressal screw, trigs* sad saes Telesis sew banding.
Her Majesty' atom Vaal essergs, Casmaadsr the
Bar W. .I. Ward, arrived te the Maine ibis allatersa
cads cabin to be diemeaded sad pail el se Was yard.
Rio bee OE bred sassear • ein esaWalai safiquisies for
the Brill* Hems

Pntssoti ROTAI. DoCIZTARD.—Ten blacksmiths I
sad ben labour. (hired) wee esbend at this mtablishmeat
on the Vth fest, for the rupee of =peak* the imp
casing of the ships in preps This ya 4 situated as it is
is the head elf the Goal sad iron districts of Wales,
pesslier advaate far such services. An electric+
essississialaleatwem this arsenal and the BS
Sisivreetalles Is fa a slate el forwardeses mid will be
eimpoletediusbig the yenta so&
AII01111111•7102( Of BALIIIIII Al 11311110X/1.
The eurgeoa sod the abeetomessiver have each hed 501.
added to their salaries. This is the woad imams made to
the surgeon's income.

THE REOISTRAZGENERAETURN: L'S QUARTERLY
R

This return comprises the births and deaths re-
ft by 2199 registrars in all the districts of England
rit.ed ringrthe ante= quarter that ended on December 31,
1861; and the=es in 12,527 churches or chapels,
about 4,530 • places of worship unconnected with
the establish church, and 635 superintendent
offices, is the quarter that ended on Sept. 30, 1861.
Bettvas
have been obtained of marriages in the first nine mouths of
last year, and they show Chet if the progreas of population
is tarot into aoconot, the number of alhaecee formed was
low during the whole of that period. The birth-rate was
not high in the first quarter of the year, but it rose
above the average in the spring, continued above
it in summer, and slightly exceeded it ia the fourth
quarter. There wee no greet amount of fatal sidenesa, for
the mortality was below the average in each quarter of the
year 1861. Of peewee who married in the summer quarter
(the third) the number was 79,784. As compared with those
tee the same period in 1860, the returns of ill the eleven
divisions show a decrease, except those of the south-eastern
counties, the south-western, Yorkshire and the northern
counties: Mathew were few in Northamptonshire, nu-
merous in Ostrwall, few in Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and
South Wales, numerous la Durham and Northumberland.
The marriage MU was 1.57 per cent. against the average
rate, 1-62. It has rarely been so low as it was in the sum-
mer quarter of last year. The total number of children
born in the last three months of the year was 166,174. The
fourth is that quarter is which births are usually the
fewest. The birth rate was 3.26 per cent., whilst
the average for the quartet is 3-`a. It was high
in Lancashire, Durham, /Northumberland, and Oumberland.
The natural increase of population is the excess of births
over deaths. This exams as exhibited in the registers is
61,257 in 92 day., or about 666 daily. In the quarter 16,559
emigranta sailed from porta io the United Kingdom
at which there are government emigration officers ,•
and of three 8,068 were of English origin ; 1,604
ci the English people went to the United States ; 5,916 to
the Australian colonies. In the smaller emigration of the
Scotch the preference foe Australasia received a still more
striking development, whilst the Irish divided themselves
into forces, not eery unequal, between the two destinations.
The total number of emigrants to all parte in 1861 WS/
91,770, of which room than half went to the United Stages.
The Irish element constituted coeaiderahly more than ball
of the emigatlon to the United States, but it suffered a great
reduction towards the clue of the year ; for the Irish awl-
grants to that portion of the globe were about 37,000 in the
year, but about a fiftuuth part of that number in the De-
cember quarter. la the total emigration of 1861 the pro-
portion of unmarried adults to the married was rather lees
than 3to I. The average price of consols was 93 2-8 ; it
had been 9168 and 911 in the previous quarters of last
. Wheat wee 59e. 3d. per quarter ,• it was dearer than
riatfte same period of 1860, and dearer by Its, than in that
of 1850. The means d the highest and the lowest weekly
prices of mutton have sot varied in the last three Deem-
bee quarters. Beef of the inferior quality was deem
than
is the corresponding quarter of last year. The mean ries
of the best potatoes was 120 e. per ton. Kr. Glaisher writes
in his " Remarks on the Weather," that we must travel
back to 1831 for au October so warm as the last, and then
back to 1811 for a wooed example. At Greenwich the mean
temperature of last October was dog. ia excess of its aver-
age. A marked changed took place on let November, end
the weather was cold on almost every day till the 24th. The
18th of November was singularly cold ; its temperature was
below 32 deg. the whole day, and the mean was as much as
15.1 deg. below the avenged the day. Another gnat thange
followed on the 25th, and a warm period whiehberma as that
day continued till the 2401 of December. The year eland with
cold weather. The fall of rain in November (5.2 inches) was
the greatest fall in that month for 45 years, with only one
eruption. The total fall in 1861 was 20.8 Inches. At
Truro in the same time it was 39.9 inches ; at Lanipettr,
43.9 inches • at Stonyhurst. 39.6 inches ; at Allenheads,
5L7 inches. The returns of the Poor Law Board exhibit a
heavy increase of paupers. The number relieved indoor
was 128,533, against an average in the previous two Decem-
ber quarters of 112,293 ; thole who received out-door relief
were 716,096, against an average of 678,821. The total
number of deaths registered led quarter was 104,917 it
was not so greet as in the maw quarter of 1839, but
than in that of 1860. The deaths as returned Er=
miarter,_ sad distributed in the eleven divisionsof
and Wales, me lass antwirwas than they were in 18N V
all of those dividons, with the exception of the mar&
western and the earth:au. The metes in the latter divides
is ; that in the asstharestera counties is ma-
ma arises from a Wier smet•lity in lanemhirs.
The for sad Widow hs• warier was 2.041
per slat, of th►wesdattea, the eeea ebelsBll7A Within
eleven Desemlosi inarlisse the searismat hes has 2.4 ; the
rubdown 1.9111. /a the last quarter, low mime waken
ettd fever, low eastiwasi brat
lively; and le sway pule a
the eieeley.