The Express.
London, England, 1862-05-01 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 1, 1862.

neither more nor less than these words :—" I
swear obedience to the constitution, and fidelity to
the Emperor." M. Pomo, after giving his name,
address, and description, and stating that he
wished to be a candidate for the vacant seat, said :
In oonsequence, I swear," bo. The prefect
was of opinion that these words could not be
treated u surplusage, but insinuated a reason for
taking the oath, whereas the intention of the legis-
lature was to preclude the possibility of any expla-
nation or qualification of the pure and absolute

oath required being appended to it. The majority
of the committee agreed with the prefect ; and,
after a speech on the other side from M. Emile
011ivier, the election was declared valid without a
division. It is fortunate that the question, which
might have led to many disputes at the next
general election, is now settled, since candidates,
having their attention called to the subject, will
probably take care to make no mistakes.
When the above affair was disposed of, the
annual vote for 100,000 recruits was brought for-
' ward, and the proposal to reduce it by 20,000,
which I told you would be made, was moved by
Count de Le Tour, in a speech of considerable in-
terest. He thought 400,000 men too many in time
of peace. He observed that last year 392,000 were
thought enough, and that since then the army had
been substantially augmented to the extent of 12,000
men, by the incorporation into the army of companies
,of "workmen" amounting to that number. If his

propoeed reduction to 380,000 were granted, the
army would still be as strong as it was with the
nominal figure of 392,000 last year. Reviewing
the state of Europe, he saw no ground
for alarm in any quarter. Russia had

reduced her army,Aneiria was talking of reduction;
Prussia had sold off a great many horses, and had
not now more than 250,000 men. The only enemy
of France was the Italian revolution—[interruption
on several benches)--but he had the greatest con-
tempt for that revolution. Italy would not attack
France in Rome, because France was her only pro-
tector ; and if Italy were rash enough to attack
Venice, it would be only a pleasant military 'pro-
menade for Gener►l Benedek to conquer the whole
country. He afterwards made some severe stric-
tures on the French cavalry, on the ground that
the men were chosen merely for their height,
and that most of them knew nothing
about horses before they enlisted. He would
not say, although the Bpectateur dfilitaire
wive the figures, how many horses were disabled at
Iliolferino from the great weight and unintelligence
al their riders. He was for augmenting the navy.
He did not like the attitude of the English govern-
ment. Within the last three years England had
increased the vote of seamen from 37,500 to
85,000, and the reason alleged was the prodigious
armament made by France. Lord Palmerston had
stated that France had 26 iron-plated vessels ; but
could his lordship be ignorant that only 13 were
finished, and of that number only six were fast ves-
sels capable of offensive warfare ? Thereat could not
be finished in less than two or even three years,
unless much larger credits were voted. He re-
garded the erroneous statements of Lord Palmerston
as symptoms of a policy little favourable to France,
and he thought proper precautions ought to be
taken, and a reserve of seamen prepared ready for
any emergency that might arise. He would con-
clude with remarking that three things were
requisite to give the country confidence in the
future —a firm and wise policy, economical financial
management, and a good military organisation.
(Hear, hear.) He alleged that whereas England
had 85,000 effective sailors and 350,000 merchant
minors to recruit from in case of need, France could
only oppose to them 80,000 in aIL
Dr. Henon, member for Lyons, said that the
government now for the third time, in three con-
secutive years, proposed to call out 100,000 men in
time of peace, and for the third time he and his
friends asked that the number might be reduced to
80,000. He considered 100,000 men to be out of
proportion with the actual amount of the popula-
Ilion. He thought it was high time for Europe to
*ease keeping three millions of men under. arms.
And who ought to set the example of disarming, if
not France, the most warlike and most powerful
nation i The immoderate armaments of France
alarmed Europe. Let the army be reduced, and
other powers would do the same. What had
France to fear I Certainly not any foreign aggres-
sion. Russia had enough to do at home. Austria
had Hungary and Venetia on her hands, and was
not likely to attack France. As to Germany,
there was no danger there. With regard to Eng-
land, it was necessary LI distinguish between the
old oligarchical England of Pitt, Castlereagh, and
Palmerston, always hostile to France, and that of
Fox, Gladstone, Cobden, and Bright, with whom
were the majority of the nation, and who well knew
that a war between France and England would be
as bad as a civil war, and like an eclipse of civilisa-
tion. (Hear, hear.) That last party preferred
manufactures to rifled cannon, and workmen to
volunteers. What prevented that party from being
in the ascendant i Why, the excessive armaments
of France. Let France disarm, then, and the peace
party would triumph in England, and at the same
time peace, industry, and liberty would triumph in
France.

The government measure was voted with only
nine dissentient votes, M. Curd, the Marquis
de Pierre, M. Javal, and Count Janvier de la
Motto joining the five opposition members.
Count de la Tour, notwithstanding his speech,
voted with the majority.
Lady Cowley had an evening reception last
night—the first, 1 believe (on a grand scale), since
the completion of the repairs which have so long
been going on at the embassy. The Queen of
Holland and Prince Napoleon and the Princess
Clothilde were among the company. In the
course of the evening the Pope's nuncio, Mgr.
Chigi, gave his arm to the Princess Clothilde, to
conduct her to the buffet, and they conversed for
a long time together. This interchange of cour-
tesies was much remarked, but I am afraid no
inference can be drawn from it of any change in
the Pope's sentiments towards the father and
husband of the young Princess. The embassy
rooms, which are now very handsome, were suffi-
ciently well filled to present an animated appear-
ance, but were not inconveniently crowded. A
• military band played in the garden during the
wince.

On the Bourse the Rente left off without the
leant change in price, and there wan very little
alteration in other securities, except the Gaits.
Mires, which was in great favuur, and rose above
10fr.t closing at Mfr. 750.

The Queen of Rolland (says GaWinans), accom-
panied by the Buenas de Pabst, lady of honour, Count de
Mandwyck, grand master of her hbusehold, and the Viscount
de LaferriCra, chamberlain to the Emperor, on Tuesday,
visited the imperial printing-office. Her Majesty was
received by M. Anse!me Petetin, the director,who presented
to her the heeds of the different branches of the establish-
ment, and among them M. Mold, inspector of oriental typo-
graphy, who, being a native of Wuitembers, was before
known to her Majesty. The different parte of the banding
were visited in succeseion, the Queen taking the greatest
intereit in what she

Macebearer end Swordbearer of the City of Louden,
receding
The Right Mon. William Cubitt, the Lord Mayor
of London.
Clockerell, Esq., W. H. Twentyman, Esq.,
Sheriffs of London and Middlesex.
Proddente of Foreign Commisaioes.
Her Majeety's Commissioners for 1861, and Secretary.
Her Majesty's Orenonaromes for the Exhibition of 1862,

and Secretary.
The Right Ron. the Earl Granville, E.G.
His Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos.
Bar C. Wentworth Nike, Bart.
Thomas Baring, Req., M.P.
Thomas Fairbairn, Biej.
F. R. Sandford, Fwq., Secretary.
The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Lando.,
Accompanied by the Rev. John Bipolar, M.A.,
the Archdesooo of Middlesex ; and the Rey. W. J. Irons,
D.D., the Incumbent of the Parish.
liar Majesty's lifinisters.
'Not being either COIIIMil4i01141“ for the Exhibition of 1862,
or Special Commintionme far the opening.)
The Right Ran. C. P. Villiers, President of the Poor-law

The Right Hon. E. Caudwell:ohanoellor of the Duchy of

Lancaster.
The Right Ron. Lord Stanley of Alderley, Postnsastar

---
Tie Right Hon. Thos. Milner Gibson, President ot the
Beard of Trade.
The Bight Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Chancellor of the
Exchequer.
His Grace the Duke ot Somerset, First Lord of the
Admiralty.
The Bight non. Sir C. Wood, Bart., G.C.8., Secretary

for Ladia.

The Right Hon. Mr o.Coraewall Lewis, Bart., Secretary
of State for War.
HisOrsoe the Duke of Newcastle, ILG., Secretary of State
_ _

for the Colonies.
The Right Hon. Earl Russell, Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs.
The Right Hon. Mr G. Grey, Bart., G.C.8., Secretary of
State for Home Department.
Her Majesty's Special Commissioners for the Opening.
Ma Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.O.
Els Greco the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Bight Hon. the Lord Westbury, Lord High Chancellor.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, S.G.
The Right Hon. the Viscount Sidney, Lord Chamberlain.
The Right Hon. Viscount P►lmerston, LG., G. 0.8.
The Right Hon. the Speaker of the Hoase of Commons.
Royal Personages attending the opening.
His Royal Highness the Prism Oscar of Sweden.
His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Prussia.
Gentlemen in attendance on Royal Personages.
Pipers of the Soots Fusilier Guards.
The procession, starting from the south centre of
the Nave, proceeded by the south side of the
Western Dome, where there was a throne and chair
of state. _

--
After the National Anthem had been sung an
address was delivered by the Earl Granville, K .0.,
chairman of the Commissioners for the Exhibition
of 1862.

This address was as follows :
May it please your loyal laighnew sad my lords commis-
noners :—We, the commissioners for the !Exhibition of
1862, humbly beg leave to approach her Majesty through
you, her illustrious representatives on this occasion, with
the assurance of our devotion to her Majesty's throne and
royal person.
And first of all It is our melancholy duty to convey to her
Majesty the expression of our deep sympathy with her in
the grievous affliction with which it has pleased the
Almighty to visit her Majesty and the whole people of this
ream, in the death of her Royal Consort. We cannot forget
that this is the anniversary of the opening of the first great
International Exhibition eleven yeas ago by her Majesty,
when his Royal Highness, as President of the Commis-
sioners of that Exhibition, addressed her Majesty in words
that will not be forgotten. After stating the proceedinp
of the commission in the discharge of their duties,
he concluded with • prayer, that an undertaking
" which had for its end the promotion of all
branches of human industry, and the strengthening of the
bonds of peace and friendship among all nations of the
earth, might, by the blessing of Divine Providence, eon-
dace to the welfare of her Majesty's people, and be long
remembered among the brightest circumstances of her
Majesty's peaceful and happy reign."
When we commenced our duties, and until a recent
period, we ventured to look forward to the time
when it might be our gnat privilege to address her
Majesty in person this day, and to show to her Ma-
jesty within these walls the evidence which this Exhi-
bition affords of the soundness of the opinion originally
entertained by his Royal Highness—evidence furnished
alike by the increased exteet of the Exhibition, by the
eagerness with which all dame of the community have
sought to take part in it, and by the large expenditure in-
curred by individual exhibit." for the better display of
their produce and machinery. We can now only repeat the
marine. of our sympathy with her Majesty in that be-
reavement which deprives this inaugural ceremony of her
royal prescato ; and whilst bearing mournful testimony to
the loss of that invaluable assistance which his Royal High-
ness was so ready at all times to extend to us, we have to
offer the Queen our dutiful thanks for the intermit evinced
by her Majesty in this undertaking, by commanding your
royal highness and your lordships to represent her Majesty
on this occasion.
Our respectful thanks are also due to their Royal High.
nesses the Crown Prince of Prowls and Prince Oscar of
Sweden, the Presidents of the commissions for these
countries, for the honour which their royal highnesses have
done us in coming to England for the purpose of attending'
this ceremony. In the attendance of his Royal Highness
the Crown Prince of Prussia, we recognise a cordial de-
ference to the wishes of our sovereign, and • tribute of
affection to the memory of his illustrious and beloved father-
in-law.
It now becomes our duty to submitto her Majesty • shark
statement of the circumstances connected with the ream-
non of the scheme for holding • second great International
Exhibition in this country, the necessary powers for cots-
ducting which were conferred upon us by the Charter of
Incorporation graciously granted to us by her Majesty in the
month of February, 1861.
In the years 1858 and 1859 the Society of Arts, • body
through whose exertions the Exhibition of 1851 in great
measure originated, had taken preliminary measures fee
the purpose of ascertaining whether • sufficiently
strong feeling existed in favour of a decennial
repetition of that great experiment to justify an active
prosecution of the scheme. Although the runt was
stated by the Society of Arts to be satisfactory, the out-
break of hostilities at that moment on the Continent near
gaily put a stop to further proceedings.
The restoration of peace in the summer of 1839, how-
ever, enabled the consideration of the question to be re-
sined, although at • period so late as to render
it necessary that the Exhibitioe should be deferred till
the present year ; and the Society of Arts obtained a deci-
sive proof of the existence of a general desire for
a *mood great exhibition in the most satisfactory form,
namely, the signatures to upwards of 1,100 individuals for
various rams of from 1001. to 10,0001., and amounting ia
the whole to no less than 450,0001., to a guarantee deed for
raising the funds needed fur the conduct of the Exhibitioa.
The Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851, mindful of
the source from which their property and their continued
existence as • corporate body arose, and of one of their
earliest decisions, that any profits that might be derived
from that Exhibition should be applied " to purposes skis*
is connexion with the ends of the Exhibition, at Ise Mr
establishment of similar Exhibitions for the future," weir
out hesitation placed at our disposal, free of all 46/11.1. •
space of nearly seventeen acres on their Keosington Gore
Estate, which was at first considered sufficient for the pur-
poses of the Exhibition, but to which at • subseq vent period
• further area of upwards of eight acres (being all the land
which could be made available for those purposes) was added
on our application, when the original space proved to be
insufficient. For this grant of • rite we have to express our
thanks.
To the Governments of Foreign States and of her Ma-
jesty's Colonies our acknowledgments are justly duo for the
manner in which, with even greater unanimity than in 1851,
they have responded to the appeal made to them to assist
in this undertaking. In this cordial co-operation we find
another proof that the time had arrived when a repetition
of the Exhibition of 1851 had become desirable in the com-
mon interests of all nations.
A similar tribute is due from us to those of her Majesty's
'objects who appear as exhibitors, or who have placed at
our disposal many valuable works to illustrate the veriest'

Usable of British Art, and in this respect our grateful
tuella' are especially due to her Majesty.
The arrangement and design of the building is such that
the exhibited articles have been generally arranged in
three great divisions :
I. Fine arts, in the galleries especially provided for that
department.
2 Raw materials, manufactures, and agricultural machi-
nery, in the main building and the eastern annexe.
& Machinery requiring steam or water power for its
effeetnal display, in the western sneeze.
Within these divisions the classification adopted is in
most respects similar to that employed in 1851, the British
and colonial articles being kept separate from those sent
by foreign countries, and each country having its
own portion of the several departments allotted
to it. The catalogues now presented by la for
purpoes of submission to her Most Gracious Majesty will be
found to contain all the necessary particulars respecting the
articles exhibited.
In the selection and arrangement of many of the more
important Wenches of the Exhibition we have been mate-
rially assisted by the cordial co-operation end advice of
persona of all ranks is various local, clam, trade, and other
committees, whose services we gratefully acknowledge.
Following the principle adopted in the case of the Exhi •
bition of 1861, we have decided that prizes, in the form of
mediae, shall be given in all the dames of the Exhibition,
except those in the Fine Arts Section; such medals, bow
ever, being of one kind only, namely, Rewards for Merit,
without any distinction el degree. Those medals will be
awarded by juries appointed far the several dusts, and
composed of both British and foreign members.
We are happy to be able to acquaint her Majesty that
heap maims have seleoted pawns of high diMinctio in
seissiseend industry to act as jurors ; and we have to bear
Ineileeesy to the cordial rem:haus with which eminent
meinufacturers of this wintry and other persons distin-
guished in the state, as well as is the various breaches of
lames and art, have eouseated to serve as jams, and
usespe the responsibilities and labour entailed upon them
by so doing. We feel unwed that the eminence of the
jurors, both Foreign and British, thus selected, will satisfy
6:Whiten that the objects displayed by them will be
examined by competent as well as by impartial judges.
It is certain that the meeting of so many leading men on
each a duty, from all partial the world, mad exercise a
favourable influence on agriculture, manufactures, and
commerce, by disseminating valuable and peened
information respecting the condition of science and in-
dustry in their several countries, as well as by making
known to all that which they need, and that which they
can supply.
The articles now exhibited will show that the period
tibial has slued since 1851, although twice interrupted
by European wan, bas been marked by a progress previously
unexampled, in science, art, and manufacture.
It is our earnest prayer that the International Exhibition
of 1862, now about to be inaugurated, and which it is our
privilege to oonduct, may form no unworthy link in that
chain of International Exhibitions with which must ever be
connected the honoured name of bee Majesty's Illustrious
Consort.
To the foregoing address an answer was returned
by his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge,
KG., on behalf of the Queen's Commissioners for
opening the Exhibition.
The procession then moved down the nave to
the East Dome, when the special musical perfor-
mances commenced. The music, especially com-
posed for this occasion, consisted of a
grand Overture by M. Meyerbeer, a Chorale
by Dr. Sterndide Bennett (to words by the
Poet Laureate), and a Grand March by M. Anber.
At the conclusion of the special music the proces-
sion advanced to the throne in the centre of the
nave. A prayer was offered by the Bishop of
London, and the Hallelujah Chorus and the
National: Anthem were sung. His Royal High-
ness the Duke of Cambridge then declared the
Exhibition opened. The declaration was an-
nounced to the public by a flourish of trumpets,
and by the firing of a salute on the north aide of
the Serpentine. The procession then visited the
picture *alleries, and the barriers were removed.
The military bands were those of the Grenadier,
the Coldstream, and the Scots Fusilier Guards,
conducted by Mr. Godfrey.

CIVIC PROCESSION FROM GUILDHALL.
Precisely at a quarter to 10 o'clock this forenoon the
Lard Mayor's =liege, drawn by four home, reached the
Guildhall, his lordship having been preceded by the sheet&
and nadersheriffs, with their ladies, sod the gentlemen who
bad been chosen to take part in the procession to the coca-
ina the Intern►tional Exhibition this day. By seed:nimble
arrangement on the part of the commissioner of polio. aid
Mr. Superintendent Hodgson, the distribution of the
several carriages belonging to the procession was snob as
not in the slightest degree to impede the ordinary business
traffic in Chiapas and the Poultry, it being ordered that
the carriages of the aldermen should be ready to join the
*Nettled the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs from the western
elide el king-street, those of the commoners, about forty in
number (with their ladies), being stationed on the north
side of Cheapside, up to the extreme western point of that
thoroughfare. At half•past 10 o'clock precisely the pio-
swim began to move from the Guildhall in the following
order :

Two mounted Policemen.
The City Marshal.
Tits LORD MAYOR
(attended by the Sword and Mace).
The carriage of Kr. Sheriff Cotterell, and ladies.
The dmage of Mr. Sheriff Twentvman.
Mr. oder-Sheriff Gammon.
Mr. Cockerell, jun.
The Aldermen who have paned the chair (with
their ladies) via. :
Sir James Duke, Bart., Y.P.
David Salomon', Eq., Y.P.
Thomas Quested Finns. Eaq.
The Aldermen who hays not phased the chair (and
their lake) ma. :
W. A. Ross, Fag.
Thos. Gabriel, EN. J. J. Mechi, Eaq.
Thos. Dakin, req. Robt. Begley, Eaq.
Sills John Gibbing, Eaq.
The commoners' carriages fell in in Cheapside, about 40
in number, the procession being flanked by a rear-guard of
the City police.
Several of the aldermen were attended by their respec-
tive beadles, carrying their maces of office.
The prooanioa proceeded along Cheapside, Newgste.
street, Holborn, and Oxford-street, to HYde-nark-conter,
whence it passed into the park and along the gravel ride to
the Serpentine-bridge, and thence to the western entrance
to the Exhibition building in Prince Albert-road, being
_ joined on its route by the Recorder, and several other civic
active I Personages-

The Honourable Artillery Company assembled
this morning at hall-part 8 o'clock, in considerable force,
at their headquarters, in the City-road, for the pur-
pose of proceeding to South Kensingtoo, in uniform or
view order. The regiment furnished fa guard of honour,
consisting of 1 field officer, 1 captain, 2 subalterns, 6 ser-
geants, 100 reek and file, and the band, which played merrily
along the line of route.

The Empress Enginie on Monday honoured the
studio of M. Ingres with a visit. The celebrated painter
has just finished one of his finest pictures, " Jam among
the Doctors."
MAN DAY AND TEM SWERPS. —This morning there
was meraily any room in London for that ingenio.us class of
memos who, under the general designation of • sweeps,"
emitrive to maks • holiday of the in of May, and to levy
contributions on the public. They were as a rale only to be
found in retired districts which formed no part of the road
to the Great Exhibition, sod were but very feeble repro/es. I
tatives of the sweeps of by-gone yews. In the neighbourhood
of Bromptonand Kensington stew appeared, but the thoughts
of the people seemed beat on the Exhibition, and the sooty
fraternity—always, by the way, scrupulously clean on May
Day—seemed to meet with very little encouragement.
Many foreigners who came into cootsot with the moveable
Jacks-in.the.Green appeared to be profoundly astonished at
the wonderful system by which such apparently
lifeless
bodies could have had such wonderful activity imparted to
them, and upon the principle of Ornete ignotunt pro nsapni-
fro, rewarded to some slight extent the ladies and gentle
men who politely extended the familiar loeg.handled spoor
in which they are accustomed to receive their favours.
SOCIAL AND RIILIGIOUB LIBInTY IN ENGLAND.—
Mr. itehby Ashby, of Naseby Woolleys, Northamptonshire,
who has recently become the owner of part of Naseby bat-
tle field, has turned Mr. floury Someton out of his farm—
after his family had occupied it for 35 years—avowedly
because ha Is a dissenter. Yet Mr. Ashby Ashby is mom-
dared to he of so ealighteoed and judicial • as to be
entrusted with her Majesty's commission of the pesos for
two mantis'. These things oan be done by the Euclid'
gentry without lase of the esteem of their order ; and
yet we pretend to lecture countries like Spain, it. which
persecution is at least carried on according to fixed Mee
and for public purposes.