The Express.
London, England, 1855-08-03 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 3, 1855.

make the most advantageous use of the provisions which
were now furnished to them. The amostat now asked for
forage was 786,6001. • the former vote having been
294,0001. What he had already said with regard to
the large increase in the number of animal. would explain
to the committee the mamba for the laroneresse in the
vote for longs. With regard to feel and light, • consider,
able lacrosse in the amount asked for had taken place.
The committee were aware that the greater part of the
sufferings of the army in the course of last whiter arose from
the want of fuel, there being then • regulation that fuel
should not be honed, except to men in barracks. The
amount asked under this bead was 28,0001., the former vote
having been 22,0001. There were three other items in the
estimate ; the first efts for 24,0001. for the pay, de. of the
railway labourers, a sufficient quantity of whom it would be
necessary not to discharge, in order that the railway might
be kept In working order. The emend it,m was .64,0001
for Croatian labourers, who were employed as scavengers,
dc., to the camp.; and the third was for 24,0001., for the
Hendee coal mum. The total amount of the vote was, as
he had before stated, 2,568,3351., a large sum, no doubt, and
one casting a heavy responsibility upon those who
bad the distribution of it. Teat duty had heretofore
rested mainly with Mr. Filder ; that gentleman, however,
having ceased to fulfil that duty throegh ill•healtb, he bad
been replaced by Sir G. Maclean, whom he (Mr. Peel) be-
lieved to be in every respect worthy of the position. The
hon. gentleman then proceeded to explain, in answer to
some observations whisks had been made bp • right hes.
gentleman (Sir F Haring) upon a previous evening, that
the Treasury bad still, as it had formerly, the control over '
the expenditure of the War-c Mem
The vote, after some discussion, was agreed to, and the
house resumed.

MILITIA BALLOTS SUSPENSION BILL.
This ball was mad a third time and passed.
SALE OP BEER BILL.

—.—
This bill was, after a protest by Mr. HADYIILD, read a
iird time and passed.
The sitting was then suspended until six o'clock.
The 'Ming was resumed at six o'clock.
PUBLIC BUSINESS.
ADULTERATION OF FOOD COMMITTEE.

Mr. A. PELLATT ioquired of the member for Birming-
ham whether an opportunity will be given before the pro-
rogation of parliameot for scdentifie witneessa to be heard
by the Adulteration of Food, dto., Committee, so that both
side) of the question may be before the public prior to the
close or the session ?

Mr. SCHOLEFIBLD regretted if any parties should sap.
pose they had received injury from the wane the inquiry
had taken; that inquiry was necessarily incomplete end
imperfect, bat it we. altogether a mistake to imagine that
the committee bad not taken evidesee on both sidle. They
had exercised the strictest impartiality in selecting the wit-
nesses, and during the remainder of the session further evi
donee would be taken of a character denying the existence
of systematic adulteration. Is would be impossible for the
committee to aoudads the investigation this session, but if
they were re appointed in the seat union of parliament Its
believed a satiefactory result would be obtained.
THE FOREIGN LEGION.—ENLISTMENT ABROAD.
Mr. M. GIBSON wished to put a question to the First
Lord of the Treasury, in reference to the mode resorted to
by the British government for raising the Foreign Legion.
He wished to ask the noble lord, whether any communica-
ties had been received from any foreign ppwer or govern-
ment in reference to the subject. H. had seen a letter from
Bremen complaining that British vouch of war were placed
in the Weiser and the Elbe as receptacles for persons who
were induced to enlist in the Belden military service. He
did not know it that was so or not; bat he wished to aster-
tath from the noble lord whether the government had received
any communication from the HaneeTowns on the subject, and
in putting that question, he would take the liberty of 'spree"-
log his opinion, whether right or wrong, that if the employ-
meat of a foreign legion was necessary, the government
ought not to attempt to raise it in any manner incomistent
with the municipal laws of any foreign country. Maar,
hear.) We ought to respect the laws of other nations, and
therm could be no excuse for our conduct if we hal been
guilty of evading thou laws in order to obtain remits to
fight our battles. He observed an article in the Toms that
morning in reference to the United States. As far as he
could collect the faeta from the statement there contained,
it appeared that an endeavour had been made by our
government to raise men for service in the British Foreign
Legion is that country. is esimerewnition or the laws of the
Maur. He believed the government of the United States
bad publicly proclaimed that they would not take part with
either of the belligerents in the present war, nor allow the
fitting out of privateers in American ports, the making use
in any way of American unman in support of the
war on either side, or permit the recruiting of men for the
English unite, and this compromising their neutrality in
favour of England. He did not know what the true facts
of the ease as regarded the United States, and as referred to
in the MINS, were, but he would ask the noble lord whether
he was prepared to give any explanation to the house oe so
important a subject. Per hie own part he could not for the
life of him see, if the war was so popular in England
as it was said to be, and the English people were so enthusi-
astic in its favour, and so ready to fight fee the honour of
their coantry,what reason them could be for raising a foreign
legion at all. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. WIGRAM inquired whether the Cambridge Usiver-
sity Bill would be brought on that evening ?
Viscount PALMBRSTON—I will answer the lest quo-
lion put to se by the hon. and learned gmtleman opposite
before I reply to that of the right hon. gentleman. It Is
the intention of the government to take the Charitable
Trusts Bill this evening, and if there should be time after-
wards we propose to go on with the Cambridge University
Bill. With regard to the question of the right hon. gentle-
man, I have to sate what is already well known—that her
Majesty's government have established a depot at Heliga
lend, where they are ready to enlist any persons who may
come and offer themselves for the military service of this
country. Whatever laws there may be against enlistment
within the territory of the German stints, there is no law in
any one of them to p t the free emigration of persons
who may choose to quit their country for any purpose
whatever. With regard to the United States,
a similar arrangement was made for a depot
at Halifax, where persons, coming from whatever
quarter, and desirous of entering the military service of
Great Britain, might in enrolled; but it appearing that
that step led to a doubt within the territory of the United
the States, which involved the question whether the law of
States had not been violated, end her Majesty's govern-
ment, being desirous that no such question should by pos-
sibility arise, at once put an end to the enlistment of fo-
reigners the subjects of the United States. (Hear.)
Mr. GIBSON—The noble lord bar not answered my
question whether it is true that British men of-war have
been stationed in the Weiser and the Elbe as receptacles
for foreign retrain, and for the purpose of carrying
away those Germans who may be induced to enlist 7 Those
rivers were German waters, and the stationing of shipeof-
war there for sack a purpose was u much an infraction of
the German laws as though tho enlistment were earned en
inlond in any of the German states.
Lord PALMERSTON—It is no violation of the laws of
any of those states to have vessels stationed there to receive
persons who may wish to take a passage to Heligoland.
The house then went into committee of
SUPPLY.

Nr. P. PEEL moved aVoieoi 109,2001. for the disbanded
which was speed to.
THE ORDNANCE.

Kr. MONSBLL TiiWeda vote of for the ripssees
of the Ordeals.. ettabliehusest. He observed that it would

be in the reeolleetion of this bone that when he brought for-
ward the Ordnance eatimates is March last, he postponed
the vote for the Ordnance establishment, it being the
intention of the government to make certain alter-
ations in the constitution of the whole of the
wet department. The estimate he now proposed
was for the establishment of the Ordnance-office is
changed according to the intentions then expressed.
He thought that this was a convenient time to state the
changes which had been made in the organisation of the
military departments of the army. In the first plate be
imagined that it would not be necessary foe him to dwell ea
the Reeeesitg of some change, for that wee universally ad-
mitted. Two socomissions and one committee of the house
had reported within the last two years, expressing
opinions in favour of large and important changes, and only
last session many distinguished members an both sides of
the home expressed the same opinion, and be was happy to
think that this was no party question, for one of those gen-
tlemen was the right hon. manber for Droitwieb, who in
July last expressed an opinion with regard to the existing
°methadon of the War Department, and the abeolete me-
enmity for some change. As the commencement of the present
war the administration atlas army was divided into five sepa-
rate departments. The discipline and government of the army
was divided between the Commander-in-Chief and the

17;ster-cnerslolate s;daanee, while the &enhr~•a4
War had lame and important duties to perform. al had also
the Master-General and the Boird of Ordnance, and the

Forcenlasariat fed the army; bat all the departMenta were
diseouneeted, and there was no union among them or
matial control over them. The results of every system of
organisation which mast fellow divided authority had been
hit is thew departments, for it was obvious that even with.
out difference of opinion of prineiple there must be differ.
ones of energy in the different departments which was
sufficient to frustrate all unity of action. Suppose that an
army was fully equipped in every other respect, and that
there wee a failure in the supply of boots • or
that a field train was complete in every Other
reaped eseept that there were no laws, all the
rect of the equipment would go for nothing.
If anything was clear it was this, that in military Rovers-
sent the 'slue of central orgenisation could hardly be over-
estimated. In addition to the division which salted between
the different departments and the military oaken who
managed them, some of the departments themselves were

net ee sonstituted as to promote energy lad unity of action
is the discharge of their duties. The Board of Ordnance
Men Melded, three dimension, with an Wiest oldie Ward
in Norge of earth separate department ; bat yet as every
Mier was given in the name of the board, every member of
It was responsible for all the departments; end if anything
went wrong in any one of them, the colleagues of the
officer at the head of that department mut either be re-
sponsible for what they did not approve, or interfere with
that which, according to the pennon of the °See, they had no
right to do. It was obvious that the first object in
the reorgaciaation of this system was the establishment
of a central control, that one mind should preside over all
the departments, with full power to order the execution of
their duties rapidly and promptly. It war also obvious that
the military department, bad failed under the old system,
swing to the want of real responaibility in those who
wagged them. It wu almost impossible till withia the
lest few months to discover who was responsible for anything.
Whether it was a question of fuses or of boots, or anything
else, and the question arose as to who was responsible, the
difficulty was the suns. Again, there wu a couiderable
leas of time by the system of interoommuniestion between
the different departments by regular official letters, and it
was found neesualy to make a chums in that respect.
The first change which was nude la the military
qetem was the separation of the Secretaryship of
War from that of the Colonies. After that the commissariat
was transferred to the war department, and when his noble
friend, Lord Zasanizereseme lam elle he promeded to
develop and awry further the changes which the government
bad for =my months under consideration. The first point
to be considered was the division of the command of the
scientific corps from that of the rest of the army ; and the
first step was to place the artillery and engineers under the
management of the Horse Guards. By this means, not only
, wee unity in the government of the army secured, but it
opened to those distinguished corps advantages from which
they had hitherto been shut oat in this country,
and which were open to those corps in every other
country in Europe. He did not know whether the committee
was aware that notwithstanding the distinguished merits
of these corps, General Philips, in 1777, was the last util
lery officer who had held the command of a division. It
would be recollected how many distinguished commanders
In the French army bed been officers of artillery—not to
mention Napoleon himself, Mintiest, Foy, Hugest, and
others, all belonging to that corps. In the Sardinian and
Austrian armies the same course was pursued, and he could
see no reason for, Mani benefit in, those corps remaining in
the state of isolation in which they had hitherto stood, and
why they should not be allowed to compete for the highest
appointments which were open to the most eminent officers.
But the change by which these corps were placed under the
Commander-in-Chief, and adding to hie duties thou of
Iffasterfileneral, involved certain other changes. Till the
lament time the Commander-is-Chief had no official know-
ledge of the defences of the country. By the new orysnisa.
tiara, the Secretary of State and the Commander-in-Chief,
in conjunction with the lospector General of Fortifications
and the Dinotar•General of Artillery, would decide on all
questions of fortifications. Hitherto the Commandeein-
Chief had only been responsible for the small arm of the
army, now he would be responsible for all the arms of the
service, and no alteration could be made in them without
his unmet and permission. He now came to the civil de-
partments of the army. The bead of those departments was
tbe Secretary for War, who bad authority and juris-
diction, and direct control over all the depart-
ments, communicating with them not by official letters, but
by means of memoranda or personal interviews with
these udder him. The heads of each office would have
under their control ell the subordinates of their depart-
ments, and could make returns to the Secretary for War
with regard to the progress of the orders be bad given. This
was a matter of greater importance than it appeared at Net
eight to be, for it was found last year that the number ef
instal:on in which orders which had been gives had met
been executed was very great indeed, and it was most im-
portant to guard against such a state of things. He now
came to the subordinate departments under the control and
management of the Secretary of State. He begged to
remark that en objection he had heard mode with reference
OS the arrangement of subordinate departments was
beaded on a gross fallacy. It was said that civilians were
phis' in positions where military duties were to be die-
dheased, but that was by no means the ease. In all the
mitimdinate military departments military men were placed.
The mere fact of tee director general of contracts or stores
' dittos in a military department. did not make it necessary
that he should be a military men. Every department
which bad military duties to perform wart under a military
man, and every civil department under a civilian. In the
Ant place, the defier tmeet to which was entrusted all military
works and buildings was placed under the Inspector-General
of Fortifications, under wham were two deputy inspectors,
one of whom wu charged with the department of fortifies"
Coos, and the other with the custody of barracks. This was an
important change from the old system. The barrack-masters
used to be under the control of the Ordnance, bet they
' would now be under the Inspector-Oeneral of Fortifications,
' and there had been added to his duties of the barrack de-
partment, the management of the barrack masters and the
whole control of that department. The next change was in
the direction of the maga. iel of the Royal Artillery, which
bud bees placed under the Director, General of Artillery.
And se the Ordnance supplied not only the land forces bet
the navy with arms, the naval department would be under
a Naval Directer-General of Artillery, whose duties,
as regarded the navy, would be the same as those
performed towards the armby the Director-General
of the Hoye Artillery. Both those officers would
be members of the sedentifie committee, end the
Director-General of the Royal Artillery would be
Vice President of the oommittee, and with the assistance of
the able and scientific men on that committee he would
decide on all questimis in connexion with naval and mili-
tary artillery. The next department was that of Director.
General of Contracts, who would have the control of all
'entracte connected with the military departments and the
conduct of them, under the orders of the Secretary of State,
for all purposes. The next department was that of the
clothing of the army, which would be wider the control of a
Director-General of Clothing. To him would be entrusted
the providing, the custody, and the issue of the clothing of
the army, and the sealed pattering—an requisitions would be
made to him ; he would have the inspection and the custody
of the clothing, and all complaints relative to the clothing
were to be made to him; and be would do all that
I had hitherto been done by the colonels of regiments, the
Board of General Officers, the Adjutant-General, and the
Secretary-at-War. The department of stores would be all
under a Director-General of Stun s, and the amounts of the
whole army would be under the control of an Accooatent-
General. The head of each department would be respon-
sible for the conduct and business of his department. To
these would be entrusted the important functions of ream-
mending all clerks and storekeepers, their recommendations
Ming accompanied by the reasons on which they were
founded, and it was the intention of the Secret it 7 of Siete,
when the resents were satisfactory, to follow the advice
given by thou gentlemen in such 'natters. The
head of each department would have to keep a
journal or day-book oontainiog • list of all the communica-
tion made dully to his department, the orders given from
day to day, and the state of the execution of the humanise of
his department. The manufacturing department. at Wool-
wich would be allowed to remain much es they were under
the old constitution. The superintendents of the carriage
department, laboratory, sad the small arms department,
would remain much the same 11. before. The most impor-
tant change
_was in the gunpowder department, which would
be sepaithet from that of the laboratory, and made into •
department of itself. He thought that the com-
mittee would perceive that the principle of
all thews changes was simply this ; that there
should be a central control over the whole of our
military establishments, and that the principle of fedi-
vidnel responsibility should be fully carried out Each
bead of • department would have his duties clearly defined,
sad would be responsible directly to the Secretary of State.
It was impossible now that any failure in the equipment
et the army could occur without its being known at ono, who
was in fault, and the responsibility would rest with the head
of earth department, who was entrusted with ample powers
to enable him to select his own instruments and to carry on
the gements in his own way; he being. responsible to
the Secretary of State that the work was sauslectorily done.
As the new system had been in operation so short a time, ft
was Impossible toesy what its effect would he. Hs would
only say that there had been a considerable change in every-
thing connected with the military departments, and every-
thing had been done more rapidly. He ought to have
mentioned as an illustration that the issue of arms to a re-
giment, which used to occupy some time under the old sys-
tem, under the new was completed in two days ; but the
Vine in which the system had been in operation had been
too short to nubile him to give many examples of its work-
ing. He only wished to point out that the principles on
which it was founded were those of reason end common
sense; and, although in a few months it wee impossible to
adduce examples of the working of a new system, he felt
eonvinced that from that system the country would derive
great and important benehts.
The tummies votes est forth in the estimate for this and
other branches of expenditure were then agreed to after a
miscellaneous discusitn, which lasted for several hours.
CHARITABLE TRUSTS BILL.

The ATTORNEY•OENERAL, in rising to move the
second reading of this bill, said be was ready to make a
statement with regard to this bill, but at that period of the
nation he thought it would be better to take a discussion
upon its crinciples on going into committee. Hs belie% ed
that while several gentlemen were opposed to some putt of
the bill, there were other portions to which no one objected.
If the house allowed him to advent" the measure a stage
without opposition there would then be a chance of passing
se ranch of the bill as wee unobjectionable during the p e.
oat session.
Mr. KNIGHT mid that the bill contained many new