The Press.
London, England, 1854-05-06 00:00:00

THE PRESS.

Neva on " camels." Some years since the Emperor Nicholas
ordered a gigantic ship-of-the-line, intended to carry 140
guns, to be built in his capital; but the proportions were
so badly calculated that, when finished, it was found im-
possible to convey it to the sea, and the marine colossus
was perforce taken to pieces without ever being launched.
Cronstadt itself contains three ports—one used for com-
mercial purposes, another for the repair and outfit of ships-
of-war, the third as a station fur the Russian navy.
Cronstadt lies upon the island of Eottliue, three
leagues in length by half a league in breadth. Its western
point is, however, much narrower. Sandbanks surround
it on every aide except at the south-east extremity, where
the town and harbour are situated. Opposite to the island
on the south lies Oranienbaum, on the coast of Ingria.
Along this shore another sandbank stretches, and extends so
far into the sea as to leave but a narrow and winding channel
by way of entrance to Cronstadt harbour. Within the port
moreover the water is from six to seven fathoms deep, but
the channel in places is barely four—a depth by no means
sufficient for huge 131-gun ships like the Duke of TVelling-
tom, for whose passage even the Sound was not considered
safe. Beyond this channel and the harbour, on the side
towards St. Petersburg, there is a roadstead, but too shal-
low for ships-of-war, and only imperfectly sheltered by the
island of Cronstadt and the heights of Oranienbaum. Far-
ther on, as we have mentioned, the water shoals to eight
feet. All this part of the gulf is brackish the proportion of
salt in the water diminishing as we approach the eastern
extremity, where it degenerates into a series of lagoons
leading up to Lake Ladoga.
In its double character of fortress and trading town
Cronstadt boasts a fluctuating population amounting
sometimes to 50,000 souls. if we include some 20,000 garri-
son and the commercial and maritime residents. The
town is built of wood. Except the Admiralty, the great
hospital, and the military works of all sorts, there are no
edifices either of strength or importance in the place. The
batteries, the forts, and the vast moles which surround its
three harbours are indeed of the most imposing magmifi-
cence. Russia has always been addicted to a kind of thea-
trical display in her public performances of all kinds.
There is much of this developed in the fortifications at
Cronstadt, although they also possess the reality of strength
to a serious degree.
Approaching Cronstadt from the west, we have on the
left the western angle of the island forming a sharp
point, extended into the sea by a line of rocks, of which the
last is crowned by the lighthouse of Talboukin. After-
wards we pass the south coast of the isle, lined with batte-
ries, and in front a series of five forts placed chequerwise,
on rocks or banks between which winds the deep water
channel leading into the harbour. On the right, about
two leagues off, are the heights of Oranienbaum, with its
imperial park and château. In the distanoe, when the fogs
permit, may be traced the outlines of St. Petersburg, whose
lofty edifices, and the gilded dome of the Church of St.
Isaac, stand out in bold relief against the sky.
The most formidable defences which Cronstadt possesses
are those that gwrd the entrance to its triple harbour.
There are five Mils in the sea and seven on the shore or
the moles. These forts are furnished with casemated bat-
teries, each of two or three stages, and the greater part of
them built of huge squared blocks of granite, whereon it
is said shot can make no impression. The position of
these batteries has been carefully adjusted so as to enfilade
the different sinuosities of the channel, so that every ship
approaching Cronstadt must be exposed to a series of
raking fires in front, without having a chance of bringing
her broadside to bear until she has arrived actually between
the forts. A single vessel also sunk in mid-channel would
effectually choke up the passage.
A technical description of this mans of fortifications
would be very uninteresting and altogether unintelligible
without a plan. We must, therefore, content ourselves
with a brief enumeration of the series of cannon-crowded
piles of masonry which an intruding fleet will have suc-
cessively to confront. On the coast of the island, and
lying to the left of the channel, there are—l. The Peters-
fort, presenting to the sea a rounded curtain, flanked by
two casemated bastions. These bastions have a double
tier of guns, of which the upper is " en barbette," i.e., un-
covered from above. The fort mounts altogether seventy-
six pieces of large calibre. IL The Kesel battery,
mounting eight cannon on the water level. 111. A bat-
tery, commanding the landing-place, situated outside the
walls of the town, on a projecting cape, comprising ten
guns. IV. The great mole, covering the commercial
harbour on the west, and presenting an immense battery
of seventy cannon and twelve mortars right in front of all
entering vessels. V. Fort Menschikoff, constructed oppo-
siteithe mole on the other side of the harbour. This fort
constitutes a parallelogram, pierced with forty-four em-
brasures, and mounted with cannon of ten and twelve
inches calibre. VI. A battery, which commands the
second or outfitting harbour. VII. Another battery, on
the mole of the military harbour at the south-east of the
island and the town. The moles which we have mentioned
are not mere jetties thrown forward into the sea, but con-
tinuous works surrounding and dividing the three harbours.
They are formed of double ranges of piles, whose surface is
broad enough both for the passage of vehicles and the
manoeuvring of the guns. The three ports have two
entrances apiece, each of the six openings being masked
by a large demi-lune formed of piles, which are crowned
with cannon, and flank the curtains of the moles.
These land batteries mount about 250 large guns. In
addition, there are a series of forts built in the sea, and
containing about 400 more. The first of these, reckoning
from seawards, consists of a pair of forts called Alexander and
Ilisbank, between which all vessels must pass at &distance
front each of about eight hundred yards, for the channel,
which narrows afterwards, is nearly a mile wide at its
entrance. Fort Alexander is, in its ground plan, of an
elliptical shape—an enormous granite pate, it has been
called—consisting of a front with four tiers of cannon, two
flanks with three tiers, and a rear wall mounted with guns

SATUR:

en barbette. It is built of granite, on piles driven through
eighteen feet of water. Ships rounding this fort are com-
manded by 116 eight and ten inch guns. Riabauk, which
lies to the right, is also built of granite, on a foundation of
piles in sixteen feet water. It contains sixty-two heavy
guns in two tiers, the lowest of which is on the water
level. Then comes Fort Constantine, nearly facing the
Petersfort already mentioned, and containing twenty-five
guns in a single tier ; and afterwards we approach the
Fort St. Peter, facing the battery on the landing-place,
and armed with f►fty cannon, twenty-eight of which are in
casemates. Last is the grand fort of Cronslott, at once
the most ancient and the nearest to the harbour. Its form
is that of an irregular pentagon, flanked by five small bas-
tions at its angles. The armament consists of fifty-six
guns in casemated embrasures, and thirty-two in open
batteries. Cronslott fronts the Meuschikoff fort, the
former to the right, the latter to the left, of the deep-water
channel, which at that point is barely two hundred yards
in width. Passing ships must therefore approach within
one hundred yards of ono or other of these formidable
batteries. The total number of guns, mortars, &c.,
mounted upon all the forts we have enumerated is nearly
six hundred, and their fire crosses at almost every point.
Their combined strength doubtless prompted the Emperor
Nicholas when recently saying, with a smile of irony,
" I am curious to learn by which end they will lay hold of
Cronstadt."
Many of the forts above described are assailable from
the rear ; but their rear never could be assailed until
Cronstadt itself had fallen. There is, no doubt, a northern
shore to the island. But the channel on this side is com-
paratively shallow, and has been carefully obstructed by
the Russians, who have driven in a double row of piles six
miles in length, and filled up with massive blocks of stone.
It is, however, in this quarter that an attacking force
would, it is stated, find its best chance of success. A
powerful fleet to keep the command at sea, a flotilla of
gun-boats for the shallow waters, and a strong body of
laud forces, comprising 25 or 30,000 men, well supplied
with engineering tools and materials, might, it is believed,
overcome all obstacles and effect a lodgment on the north-
west point of the island. There they might cover their
position with entrenchments in the course of a couple of
nights, and thence besiege the town and fortifications from
the rear, or shell them from a distance. None of the sea
forts, except perhaps Forts Constantine and St Peter, are
near enough to do any damage to the invaders on that
side. And though the higher guns of the great forts on
the channel command the surface of the ground, the
enemy may speedily place themselves in the shelter of en-
trenchments, where nothing but bombs could reach them.
If once masters of the batteries along shore, they would
not only diminish by one-half the danger to be encountered
by the attacking fleet, but might silence the greater part,
if not all, of the sea forts. The capture, from the land
side, of Petersfort and the Kesel battery is said to be
by no means impracticable, the chief strength of those
places being turned towards the sea. Even their capture
might not enable the assailing fleet to force the narrow
pass between Cronslott and Fort Mensehikoff; but the
ships would win their way into positions whence they
could effectually bombard the harbour of Cronstadt, and
co-operate with the land siege of the fortress.
From another weapon of assault—faminr--
is protected by its climate. During four months, at least,
of every year, the waters are frozen between the island and
St. Petersburg, and a constant communication by means
of sledges is opened with the capital. On the other hand,
if the blockading squadron should allow itself to be raught
In the ice, every ship would inevitably be destroyed by
cannon brought over the frozen surface into advantageous
positions, if not surrendered beforehand. " The taking of
Cronstadt," says the Debate, in an article to which we are
indebted for many of the foregoing details, " would inflict
a blow on the Russian empire more terrible than the loss
of ten provinces, since it would thereby lose its navy. St.
Petersburg would soon find itself besieged at the entrance
of the Neva, and bombarded by a flotilla which would
be supported by the fleet in possession of Cronstadt.
This danger is not, perhaps, imaginary. It is for
this reason that the Russian Government has collected
together round that port the most formidable means of de-
fence. Peter the Great, in founding his capital, also
founded Cronstadt, in which his genius must be admired;
for it must be seen that, without Cronstadt, l'etersburg the
Superb, with its eight feet of water, would only be a small
coasting port, that might be blockaded and bombarded by
gun-boats."

WAR-SHIPS IN THE CHINA SEAS.
THE following is a list of the ships of war belonging
to various nations whose presence in the China seas
was known when the March mail left Hong-Kong :
ENGLlSH.—Barracouta, Hongkong, 0, Parker; Bittern,
Fuhchau, 12, Vansittart ; Cowls, Hongkong, 14, Fellowes;
Encounter, Shanghae, 14, Captain O'Callaghan; Grecian,
Hongkong, 12, Hon. G. D. Keane ; Lily, Whampoa, 19,
Sanderson; Rattler, Shanghae, 0, Mellersh; Salamander,
Shaughac, 6, Ellman; Spartan, Whampoa, 21, Captain Sir
W. Hoste ; Styx, Amoy, 6, Commander Woolcombe ; Win-
chester, Hongkong, 50, Vice-Admiral Pellew and Com-
mander Wainwright.
AmEstc tic—Lexington, Loochoo, Lieutenant Glasson ;
Macedonian, Loochoo, 22, Captain Abbot; Mississippi,
Loochoo, 10, Lee; Plymouth, Shanghae, 22, Kelly; INA -
poise, Hongkong, 10, Davis; Powhatan, Loochoo, 9, Cap-
tain M'Cluney ' • Queen, Whampoa, 2, Lieutenant Taylor ;
Saratoga, Loochoo, 20, Walker; Southampton, Loochon,
4, Lieutenant Boyle ; Supply, Shanghae, 6, Lieutenant
Sinclair; Susquehanna, Loochoo, 8, Commodore Perry and
Commander Buchanan ; Vandalia, Loochoo, 20, Pope.
FnEscti.--Constantine, Ningpo, Commodore T. de Mont-
ravel.
RussuN.—Pallas, Japan, 52, Captain Ounkonaky ; VoE•
took, Japan, 4, kozsakotr; Prime Menchikoff, Japan.

MAY 6, 1854.

NOTES ABOUT THE NAVY.

IV.-" OLD CHARLEY," AND HIS TIMES.

Cons ! while the ports in the Baltic are under
blockade, and while the Peelites in the Cabinet are
plotting to retard the occurrence of those " great
events" for which so many hope, let me spin a yarn
about " Old Charley," and tell of the brave deeds
that he did in former days, when first he won his
fame.
Bonnie Scotland has contributed its ample share
of brilliant illustrations to the history of the British
navy. The gallant Duncan, so beloved by the fleets,
the old hero of Camperdown ; Lord Keith, the cap-
tor of the Cape of Good Hope ; the Earl of Northesk,
third in command at the battle whose name was
stamped in his armorial bearings (Trafalgar) ; and
the dashing Earl of Dundonald, who still survives,—
all these eminent commanders derive their birth
from Scotland. Spirit•stirring, indeed, are the
stones connected with the great historical families
of our northern fellow-subjects, and cold must be
the mind that does not admire the spectacle of
manly daring and fiery genius transmitted for
twenty generations. Fortunate it is that, though
Manchester can purchase old estates, it cannot buy
our old names out of history's immortalising page!
And, amongst the historical houses of the north,
there are few that inherit more brilliant and far-
descended fame than " Old Charley's" family—the
Napiers of Merchistoun. The historic origin of
the name of Napier has something pleasingly pro-
phetic. It is traditionally told that one of the old
Earls of Lennox bad three sons, the second of
whom, Donald, he sent to fight for the King of Scots.
At a critical moment Donald turned the fortunes of
the day, and performed prodigies of valour. " You
have all done well," cried the King after the battle,
" but there is one amongst you that hath Na Pier"—
which name was then given to Donald, as an augmen-
tation of honour. One need not pause to inquire
whether this pretty story be true or not, but there
are authentic particulars about the Napiers that
must not be silently passed over. They were of
great antiquity in the county of Dumbarton, and one
of them defended Stirling Castle against Edward I.
The direct ancestors of " Old Charley" were
Provosts of Edinburgh, and governors of Edinburgh
Castle in the fifteenth century, and one of them, in
1461, Sir Alexander Napier, was Vice-Admiral of
Scotland. The great-grandson of the vice• admiral,
another Sir Alexander Napier, fell at Flodden
while his son was also killed at the battle of Pinkie.
And then we come to one of the race that gave it
world-wide renown, on whom a few words will be
required.
There is a small room at the top of the tower of
Merchistoun whither a certain John Napier was in
the habit of retiring. He was the great-grandson of
the Napier who fell at Flodden, and resided at the
family castle. By the common people of the vicinity
he was looked upon as a warlock, and it is not im-
probable that be may have amused himself by en-
° mraging a belief in his necromantic skill, by which
possibly he might have been more enabled to pursue
his studies undisturbed. Recollecting how strong is
the marked family spirit running through all the
Napiers, it is worth dwelling on this extraordinary
personage, whom an illustrious historian not prone
to enthusiasm has declared "merited the name of
great man more than any other whom his country
ever produced" (David Hume). There is a dash of
the whimsical running through the Napier's, and it is
curious that the inventor of logarithms should have
been born while his father was only sixteen years of
age. Educated at St. Andrew's, he travelled tin ongh
France, Gemany, and Italy, and with a well-stored
mind returned to Mercbistoun to study science and
the holy scriptures. His success in the former
branch of knowledge was evinced by his renowned
discovery of the logarithmitic canon, the corre-
spondence between arithmetical and geometrical pro
gression, a sublime invention of universal utility.
His treatise on "Tbe Revelation of St. John " ( though
erroneous in some particulars) proves his ardent
study of holy writ. He had a most extraordinary
versatility of mind. Sir Thomas Urquhartrecords
that Napier had invented a " destroying engine that
would cleat a space a mile in extent at each side of
the enemy—in other words, of 30,000 Turks without
the loss of a Christian." There is another Urquhart
in our generation, not Thomas, but David, who
would probably desire that we could now have such
a machine patented for the destruction of 30,000
Russians without the loss of a Turk. But let the
Peelites and the Peace Society be comforted. When
Napier, in his last illness, was requested to reveal
the plan of this engine, he said, " That if he could
lessen the means already existing for the destruction
of man, he would with all his might apply himself to
the purpose, but that they should never by his means
be increased." He died in 1817.

THE PRESS.

His son and grandson were both distinguished in...
the history of Scotland. The first of these was
eminent for his agricultural knowledge, and pub-
lished a work, of which the title runs—" The New
Order of Gooding and Manuring all Sorts of Field
Land with Common Salt, set forth by Archibald
Napier, the Appeirant of Merchistoun. Imprinted
by Robert Waldegrave, Printer to his Majestie 1508."
He was raised to the peerage of Scotland, and
became the first Lord Napier. He married the
sister of the first Marquis of Montrose; and the
second Lord Napier was a foremost adherent to his
uncle Montrose, and was in the battles of Aldern,
Alford, and Kilsyth, in 1645. He had the honour
of being specially exempted by Cromwell from grace
and pardon, and died in Holland before the Restora-
tion. The third Lord Napier died a bachelor, but
obtained an enlargement of his patent, by which the
female heirs could inherit, and the title then passed
into the eminent family of Scott of Thiilestane, sup-
posed to be a junior branch of the house of Rue-
clench. Readers of Sir Walter Scott recollect how,
in " The Lay of the Last Minstrel," he commemorates
the motto which the Scotts of Thirlestano have
given to the Napiers of Merchistoun

" His ready lances Thirlestane brave
Arrayed beneath a banner bright,
The treasured fleur-de-lis he claims,
T. wreathe his shield, since royal James
Encamped by Fala's mossy wave
The proud distinction grateful gave.
• s • • • • ♦ •
And hence, in fair remembrance worn,
You sheaf of spears his crest has borne,
Hence his high motto shines revealed—
' Heady, aye ready,' for the Held."
But we must pass hastily over much that is most
curious and interesting iu the ancestral story of this
famous family. What good blood is intermingled in
its veins will be seen in the fact, that in the names
of its female descent are those of Monteith, Doug-
las, Chisholm, Campbell, Bothwell, Stirling, Gra
ham, Erskine, Brisbane, Hope, and Cathcart. It will
be well, however, to indicate the exact ties of rela-
tionship in our age between " Old Charley" and those
famous brothers who, in war and literature, base
made their names renowned. Proud indeed may
that family be which looks back on a line of ancestry
radiant with martial and intellectual glory, and which
can point in our times to men whose exploits at once
illustrate and verify their pedigrees. The conqueror
of Scinde—the historian "whose page is already
classic," as Mr. Disraeli said—and that brave admiral
whose career PILOT will endeavour to record—are
near relatives. The fifth Lord Napier was their
common grandfather. From his first marriage
descends "Old Charley." He married a second
time an Irish lady, and the eldest eon of that union
was the Colonel George Napier who married, in
1791, the celebrated beauty, Lady Sarah Lennox,
daughter of Charles Lennox, second Duke of Rich-
mond. It will be recollected that the origin of the
name of Napier is (traditionally) traced to the Earls
of Lennox, and the junction of their names at the
end of the eighteenth century is not a little singular.
Lady Sarah Napier was one of the most brilliantly-
endowed women that ever graced high birth and
rank. It was she who first woke the tender passion
in the heart of King George 111. ; and Henry
Fox, the first Lord Holland, who had married Lady
Sarah's eldest sister, fondly hoped that the young
King would be his brother in-law. Dressed in fan-
ciful attire, Lady Sarah was to be seen in the graceful
occupation of haymaking while the young King
passed along the Kensington-road. One cannot be-
lieve all that Horace Walpole has said, in his
sprightly way, about the subject, but there are some
very curious revelations in the " Grenville Corre-
spondence" about the King (before his marriage)
asking Lady Susan Strangways whether Lady Sarah
Lennox would not become the throne as Queen
admirably? At that very time Lady Sarah was in
love with Lord Newbottle (afterwards the fifth
Marquis of Lothian). According to the prosaic
Mr. Grenville's account of this most romantic love
affair, Lord and Lady Holland persuaded Lady
Sarah to break off, most reluctantly, with Lord New-
bottle. Then Lady Sarah left town ; and the King
was worked upon by certain courtiers, and he, in his
turn, abandoned all thoughts of marrying Lady
Sarah, who was unfortunate enough to lose both of
her lovers at the same time. Partly the German
pride of the King and partly the fears of Lord Bute
(of the connection with the Fox family) prevented
George 111. from marrying one of his subjects.
Lady Sarah was afterwards the first of the ten un-
married daughters of peers who held the bridal train
of Queen Charlotte. Her second husband was
Colonel Napier, with whom she resided at Oak Park.
Cellbridge, in the county of Kildare, in Ireland. She
resided there for the pleasure of being near Carton,
where her sister, the Duchess of Leinster, dwelt.
It is a place beautifully situated. Not far from it is
the scene where Swift and Vanessa spent their hap-
piest hours. Within the circle of a picturesque land-
scape are there concentrated many brilliant associa
eons—the place where
"The stern satirist and the witty maid
Talked pretty love, nor yet profaned the shade,"

41

was the very spot by the banks of the Liffey, in Dean
Marlay's garden, where ()rotten, the orator, mused
and meditated upon Ireland and eloquence ; not far
from it is one of the retreats where Lord Edward
Fitzgerald sojourned ; and not the least interesting of
its recollections are of the place where the conqueror
of Scinde and the fascinating historian of the Penin-
sular War sported and carolled in their youthful
days. Not many years since there were many of the
aged peasantry who remembered the young Napiers
and their feats of early spirit. The old general (Sir
Charles) visited the spot with great interest awl
emotion about fifteen years ago, and he pointed to
the old trees which he bad so often climbed. The
readers of the PRESS will recollect an original letter
(PaEss, vol. i., p. 8M) from Sir Charles (first com-
municated to this journal), in which he says, " I
have a regard for every one reared at Castletown, for
1 was reared there myself." And in the brilliant
article in the Edinburgh lirriew on the life of Sir
John Moore, Pilot thinks that he can detect some
allusions to the days when the young Napiers were
in Ireland. Some most interesting letters ft•om the
pen of Lad?' Sarah Napier are to he found in
Moore's "Lilo of Lord Edward Fitzgerald."
And now having given some account of the stock
from which " Old Charley " sprung, Pilot will pro-
ceed to show how the admiral has acted throughout
life, as if he felt the sentiment expressed by Sir
Edward Lytton in the most popular drama of our
times—" that rank and ancestry are to be highly
valued when they are the incentives to noble
actions." Nor is the foregoing account of the old
admiral's family superfluous, seeing how truly it
illustrates the lines—

"Howe his high menu shines revealed—
' J:tmly, aye truly; fur the livid."
PILOT.
[To be continued:l

PRIN'ATEERINO.
THIS savage business—the destruction or confiscati,ei of
private property in war—has, we trust, received its death.
blow. England and France have both decided not to issue
letters of marque to Americans ; and it is believed that our
Government has expressed to those powers its determina-
tion not to tolerate the fitting out of privateers within its
jurisdiction to operate against the vessels of either of the
belligerents. If this determinetiou should be faithfully
carried out, it will obviate the greatest danger which exists
of our being ultimately involved in the conflict. A few
years ago the United States was at war with Mexico. Our
commerce was floating on every sea, and If privateers had
been fitted out in England and France, or either of Oem,
with letters of marque from Mexico, the damage done to
our commercial interests would have been immense. But
during the whole of that war not a single American mer-
chantman was captured on the high seas. This shows
that the English and French Governments afforded no
countenance to such acts of robbery—nay, that they exerted
their influence to prevent them. The United States now
has wi opportunity to return the compliment. By all
means let her do so, not merely because it is a just reci-
procity, but because it is right in itself, and its opposite is
wrong. A convention between the United States and Eng-
land and France is probably under negotiation at this mo-
ment, which will henceforth prevent privateering, and will
also establish, by mutual consent, the principle long con-
tended for by the United States, that neutral ships make
flee goods, except contraband of war. The admission of
this principle on the part of the belligerents will create an
immense demand for our vessels during the war, both
steamers and sailing-vessels. For all freights and pas-
sengers it will give our vessels a decided preference over
English, French, Russian, and, in fact, over the vessels of
any other nation. We hope our people, as well as our Go-
vernment, will have the wisdom to use their privileges
without abusing them. We must expect some annoyances
here and there, growing out of the war : but if we are pa-
tient and forbearing, even under provocations (which we
can well afford to be), they will not harm us. As lookers
on, and perhaps ultimately as an umpire between the bel-
ligerents, the United States has its proper work to perform,
and we trust will not be found wanting.—New York Jeweils I
of Commerce.

THE FAST-DAT COLLECTIONS IN THE EASTERN CORN-
TIER indicate an extraordinary spirit of liberality.
The collections returned at Norwich amount to 1261.
25.; Yarmouth, 771. 13s. Md.; Ipswich, 110/. fls. 81d.;
Lincoln, 67!.; Peterborough, 991. 19s. ; Cambridge,
216/. Os. sd. ; Wisbech, 391.; Ring's Lynn, 211.;
Huntingdon, 241. Bs. Od.; Stamford, 041. 7s. Bd. ;
Boston, 381. 138. 3d. ; Doddington, 321. ; Ramsey,
18!. Bs. 3d.; Whittlesey, 151. 145.; Horncastle, 171.
41. 4d. ; Gainsborough, 201. ; Halesworth, 121. 138.
7d.; Sproughton, 13/. Ils. 10d.; Framlingham, 101.;
Whitton, 71. 145.; Beccles, 151. Is. 9d.; North
Walsbam, 91. 15s. 6d. ; Aylsham, 91. ; Downham,
101.; Castle Rising, 12!. ss. sd. ; Royston, 131.; d•c.
In many other parishes amounts exceeding 5/. were
raised ; but in others no alms were solicited. In
one or two instances the churches were not opened.
THE sums paid oat of the Consolidated Fund,
under the acts of 2 and 3 of William IV., upcn that
part of the Greek loan guaranteed by this country,
amount to 503,602!. 16s. sd. The amount repaid by
the Greek Government, up to 1848, has been
31,084!. Ils. Bd., leaving 472,518/. 4s. 9d. as balance
due.

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