The Express.
London, England, 1863-07-21 00:00:00

THE RUSSIAN DESPATCH.

PRINCR GORTCHAROF7 TO BARON MORROW.

St. Petersburg, July 1, 1863.

M. le Baron,—Lord Napier has been instructed
to give me the annexed despatch front her Britannic Ma•
W's Principal Secretary of State to read, and a copy of it.
e have pleasure is learn* that Loyd Russell admit, with
us the barren nature of a prolapsed controversy relative to
the signification of the let article of the Treaty of Vienna ;
and that with us, likewise, he desires to place the question
upon ground which should offer more opportunities ter ar-
riving at a practical solution. Before taking our stand upon
this ground we' deem it useful to put in • riser light ma
positions respectively. The Imperial cabinet admits the
y-naciple that every power signing a treaty has the right
to ioterpret the sense thereof from its own point of view,
provided always that that interpretation remains within the
limits of the meanie; that is posable to be pot upon it
according to the text itself. In virtue of this principle the
Imperial cabinet does not dispute this right in any one
of the eight powers which bare concurred in the general
pre.medings of Vienna of 1815. Experience has, it is true,
demonstrated that the exercise of such right issues in no
Ltihelaldrewalt.
no issue ‘l2tetoex"Timsn plans out. made
ord thaeldiveigeiancelB4l
opinions. Nevertheless this right exists. It extends as far
as the limits which I have indicated above, and is incapable
of obtaining a wider reap but with the exprem consent of
the contracting party ?Rost directly interested. Accordingly
it depended upon the Imperial cabinet to maintain the strict
I application of this principle, observing the Hoe of action
taken towards them in the course of the mouth of April
last, with respect to events which incurred in the Kingdom
of Poland. If, in reply to that appeal, they west further
into the subject, it was entirely owing to their
perfect readiness to seek to ocnciliate, and in
order to reply with courtesy to an appeal
which bore a similar character. I will add that
another cause was, that in the intentions which his Majesty
the Emperor cherishes towards his Polish subjects, there
was no purpose which could dispose us to remove them
from the light. This consideration was perfectly. brought oat
by your excellency, when you informed the principal Seers.
toy of Statile( her &hatpin Majesty that the Imperial cabinet
was ready to ester upon as exchange of views upon the
basis and within the limit. of the treaties of 1815. That
declaration we adhere to, and my despatch of this day will
furnish the best proof of our perseverance in the same diem •
@Won. Having thus coofirmed the genuine and wile churl.
ter of the invitation which we have addressed to the Eng-
lish cabinet, we will permit ourselves, after Lord Russell's
example, to the observations which we have to com-
municate to precede by some reflections in reply to
the questions which be has entered upon and proposed at
the outset.

The principal Secretary of State of her Britannic Majesty
says that the basis of government is in every case the coo-
fidence which it inspires in the governed, and that the as-
cendency of the law over the arbitrary element most be the
foundation for order and stability. A priori, we subscribe
to these principles. We will only recall to mind that their
indispensable corollary is respect for authority. The confi-
dence with which • government inspires the governed de-
pends not alone on the goodness of its intentions, but
also on the conviction imparted that it has the power of car-
rying them into effect. If Lord Russell affirms that gir-
ths] tumults, secret conspiracies, and the influence of memo-
polite strangers, will not shake • government based upon
confidence and respect for the laws, he will also admit that
neither confidence nor legal conduct would be pos-
sible were that government to allow that • frac-
tion of the people was vested with the right of
seeking elsewhere than under the legitimately conatituted
authority, by armed rebellion supported by hostile or foreign
parties, the wall-being and the prosperity which they might
declare that they could not realise without the aid of in-
spirations from abroad. Lord Russell places before us six
articles which he considers to be of a nature to provide for
the pacification of the kingdom of Poland. In communi-
cating them to us ber Britannic Majesty's Principal Secre-
tary of State adopts in part the point of view put forward
by my despatch of the 14th Apnl. This is an exchange of
sentiments, and to that form of expression we bare no ob.
jectioo to raise. I have clearly indicated in the despatch to
which I refer the germs of practical conduct laid down by
cur august master, and the developments reserved in his
Majesty's purpose to be given them when he should deem
the proper time to be come. In comparing them with
his own views Lord Russell will convince himself that the
greater part of the measures which he points to have
already been either decreed or prepared oa the initiative of
our august master. The principal Secretary of State of her
Britannic Majesty expresses the hope that the idoption of
these measures would lead to the complete and permaneut
pacification of the kingdom of Poland. We are unable to
share this hope without certain reserves. Viewing the
subject as we do, reorganimtion of the kingdom must in all
cases be preceded by the re-establishment of order in the
country. That result is dependent upon a condition to
which we had called the attention of the government of her
Britannic Majesty, and which is not only unfulfilled, but is
not even alluded Win the despatch of Lord Russell ; we
refer to the material moistens), and moral en-
couregemeat obtained from abroad by the Maur-
rectioniste. We are not aware from what sources
of information the government of bee Britannic
Majesty have formed their judgment of the state of affairs
in Poland ; we must presume that they are not of impartial
origin. Indeed, we find Lord Russell himself establishing
a kind of similarity begrime the news published by the
St. Petersburg journal from statements; furnished wider
the control and upon the responsibility of the recognised
agents of the governineet, and the information of every
kind which the London journals borrow, without discern-
ment or any guarantee, from the most suspected publics-