The Express.
London, England, 1852-06-30 00:00:00

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LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 30.

As the hour of trial approaches in which the
strength of rival parties and opposing principles is
tube put to the test, the importance of concert and
union on the side of enlightenment and progress
becomes more and more obvious. In many former
struggles at the hustings, the popular party have
been in the attitude of assailants. They are now on
the contrary driven to take rather a posture of
defence. Every point which has been gained in the
onward march of the last ten years is now menaced
by the present reckless usurpers of power. Liberty
of trade and liberty of thought are alike hateful in
the sight of tor.psm ; and both are accordingly
threatened by its insolent chiefs. Protection for corn
alone may be equivocally disavowed ; but in-
crealed import duties on the great articles of
consumption in lieu of direct taxes upon property
are the fixed object and aim of the juggling ilium-
cicrs who now sit at the receipt of imperial custom.
It may suit a momentary purpose to pretend that,
this is not the revival of protection in its ancient I
form. But it is plainly intended to extinguish the
vitality of free trade. The intention and the effect,
were it accomplished, would be the same as the re-
establishment of monopoly in its most naked tbrin.
It would paralyse enterprise, benumb industry,
abridge the demand for labour, and limit the invest-
ment of capital, in order that land might be raised
in value, and rents be further enhanced. Under the
Disraelitish name of " a revision of taxation," the
old oligarchic purpose would be as effectually at-
tained of making the rich richer, and the pour
poorer. This is one of the gnat points of tory
attack and of liberal resistance. But it is not the
only one.
The liberty of education is likewise openly assailed.
The cabinet of Lord Dminv arc the pioneers of An-
glican priesteratt, that is, of priestcraft in the only
form in which the people of this country have any
real cause to apprehend its encroaching spirit.
Shu ing and scheming about Maynooth, and mani-
festoes about Roman catholic processions, will not
succeed in blinding the common sense of the commu-
nity to the real danger. itomish doctrines had never
less hold of the national intellect or the national
heart. It is not the aggrandisement of foreign eccle-
siastics we have need to watch with jealousy
or to note with fear. The only conspirators
against the liberty of the laity in this country are
the certain priests of our own church, whose designs
and schemes for the enslavement of thought and the
establishment of a system of monopoly in education,
have hitherto been held in check by the wisdom and
firmness of those who have presided in the councils
of the state. But other meu now occupy the seat of
rule. The pious LONSDALE and the orthodox
DISRAELI are now the chief shepherds of the flock.
What sort of guardians they are Pkely to make,
Archdeacon DENISoN and Mr. KEDLE say. With
a majority in the new parliament it cannot be
doubted that high church principles would be
carried out in their full amplitude by the present
administration. The freedom of the laity would
be set at nought, and society would once
.alts be rent to its very foundations. The spirit oP
priestly domination is untaught and unteachable,—
unsatisfied and insatiable. At every hustings in
England the battle of the laity as against domi-
neering ecclesiastics and intolerance in education
must be made the rallying cry, as well as freedom of
industry and enterprise.
To fight this two-fold battle as it should be fought,
and to win it as alone it can be won, it behoves all
sections of the liberal party "to close their ranks,"
to proclaim a truce as to all minor or local
feuds, and to combine cordially together for
common safety and defence. We cannot
too frequently reiterate the seeming that for
the present our antagonists are the assailants.
In such circumstances, division is defeat. Our ene-
mies know this, and are everywhere busily engaged
in fanning the flames of petty and personal discord.
In places where otherwise they would confessedly
have had no chance whatever, they are endeavouring
to set Whigs against Radicals, and Radicals against
Whigs; and there are stupid or dishonest men in
both sections whom they desire to make use of as
their tools. Let such beware. They are playing a
perilous part. Public opinion will not enter into the
minute history of pique and petty provocations.
Great interests and principles are in jeopardy ; and
at such a crisis the man, let him call himself by
what name he may, who is found parleying with
the enemy, to say nothing of deserting, on some un-
worthy pretence, to his camp, must expect to hear
the adhesive imputation of treachery and corruption
associated with his name. Into county squabbles
and municipal controversies we make it a point
never to enter. Difference of opinion, expressed with
warmth and maintained with tenacity, is the natural,
if not inevitable concomitant of free institutions.
Very often these differences are carried much
further than they ought to be ; and impartial lookers
on see grave cause to blame the intemperate zeal of
upright and able men. But such troubles can only
be left to settle of themselves. Interposition from
without is an intrusion and is sure to be felt
as Jrach, and is thus likely to do more harm
thad good. For ourselves we carefully eschew
the remotest semblance of it. But for that very rea-
son we feel that we are all the better warranted, and
still the more bound to remonstrate openly when
the occasion calls for it, with those who seem in
danger of forgetting the cause of country and of
'onscience in the heat of their local contentions.

The division of the Liberal party iu Westminster
is likely to be most mischievous, for the a ce
of Mr. CoNINOUAM as a candidate has ed forth
Lord MAIDSTONE. Here a Liberal has effectually
done Tory duty. At Brighton, Mr. FFOOKR is doing
his best to send Lord A. HARVEY into parliament;
at Greenwich, that self-seeking barrister candidate
Mr. MONTAGUE CHAMBERS IS practically holding
• brief for Mr. Hour ; whilst at Plymouth
and Winchester similar political follies are being
committed. It is bad enough for Liberals to quarrel
anywhere, but to quarrel when the strife gives
earnest of success to the opposite party is political
suicide. We printed a list of places where Derbyites
stand unopposed, and the catalogue included the names
of more than a hundred towns and counties! Surely
amongst the numerous constituencies so enumerated
there are many where Liberal candidates are warmly
desired. In such fields, the aspiring reformers now
struggling one with another might much better have
striven to win their parliamentary spurs, than in
contests that can bring no real gain to them, whilst
it endangers the cause to which they profess alle-
giance.

Tux City of London hugged its darling abomina-
tion, Smithfield market, even while being torn from
its embrace, with the frantic tenacity of a Spartan
mother, whose hideous, but no less beloved offspring,
was doomed to be removed from public sight
for the public good. When tears and furious
anger failed, cajolery succeeded. Every art that
cunning could devise was employed to prevent
the stench, and filth, and cruelty and blasphemy
of the disgusting prolfgel from being removed
from amidst the most densely populated spot in
the world. If Smithfield were only allowed to
stand where it did, the idolised nuisance should, it
was promised, be enlarged and newly attired ; the
city architect should be employed to convert it into a
perfect Champs-Elysks of cattle-pens and slaughter
houses. There should be model market houses, ele-
gant fountains, and a steam-engine to carry
off foul air, the very existence of which
had been theretofore denied. Tt:e mere quarter of a
million of money to be thus expended was nothing
compared with the agony of separating Smithfield
Market from the City.
Notwithstanding, however, every sort of argument
and appeal, and intrigue, the Smithfield Removal
Bill was passed; but, that the prospect of separation
should be mitigated as much as possible, the City
authorities were indulged with six months to consi-
der whether they would remove that Monster Nuisance
themselves or get the government to remove it for

them. At the last hour of the last day of grace
they elected in their own favour ; and the supply of
animal food to the whole metropolis still remains in
the hands of the chief priests of the Smithfield Nui-
sance. As might be expected, therefore, the si'e they
have chosen to which to remove the market is
as near to the City as possible—is in a crowded
London suburb, and is a spot where a veiy small
nuisance on the eve of being abated, will --if City
schemes be allowed to prevail—be replaced by the
more gigantic nuisance of a cattle market under City
management.
Few Londoners do not know, and few provineia:s
have not heard of, Copenhagen-fields. 'flay
lie at about a mile of direct distance north
west of Smithfield. They were celebrated in the
days of duck-hunts, badger-baiting, and do..
fighting—fur being, on Sunday mornings, the
arena for those defunct latish'. At present the
locality—although not wholly deserted by the sport.
ing world,—is not nearly so much desecrated. h
is pertly divided off into cricket grounds; and one
enclosure attached to a celebrated tavern has
been converted into the beaten path of pedes-
trianism. It is at Copenhagen House that the
Stunning Tramper, who challenges any man in Eng-
land to walk against him for fifty pounds a side,
to be heard of." It is at the bar of that tavern that
Dick the Dart's money is ready to run Jack the
Lamplighter for any stake above twenty pound,,
if Jack is " game" and can find backers. (tut, what.
ever happens, even this arena will ',Wm be closed in
by a rapid invasion of bricks and mut i 21'.
Doubtless the Market Commissioners will claim
the credit of replacing this bearable and in any use
short-lived sort of nuisance by a rattle market.
but such a disclaimer must be disallowed, berana:a
the leases of Copenhagen-fields and of other Aye
tionable districts near to it arc fast expiring, and
the ground upon which they stand has been plantad
out for the occupation of villa residences; hun-
dreds of which—built and inhabited—have already
swallowed up all but a narrow slip of these fields.
The chance of perpetuating, in the midst of a
thickening population, a vast nuisance in the
place of a small nuisance on the eve of dying a
natural death, the admirers of old Smithfield dared nut
neglect; especially when they knew they had the
power of doubling the abomination, by adding to a
happy and contented neighbourhood, besides their
congenial cattle market, the unendurable trades of
slaughtering, gut spinning, t: ipe dressing, and other
odoriferous branches of industry'. So eager have they
been to secure a freehold in these nuisances, that they
have not only been obliged to offer a great pric, 1.4
ground mai ked out for first-class building pure..,;.,
but have thought fit to offar to the present propri.
etorl surveyor a handsome compensation—fur loss
in having his plan for an elegant addition to an
already respectably tenanted suburb superseded by a
cattle-market.

In other respects this site will be destructive and
subversive of all those beneficial objects which the
Smithfield Removal Bill contemplated. In order
to keep off pestilence and to provide healthful
recreation fur the dense population packed within
the limits of the boroughs of Finsbury and
Marylebone, certain active and benevolent inhabit-
ants of Islington—aided by Prince ALUERT and Lord
CAULISLE, and the Finsbury members of Parliament
—have succeeded in getting the sanction of the Legis-
lature for cmparking a tract of picturesque land
stretching from llighbury to Stoke-Newington.
Their intention was—besides keeping this large urea
open as a sort of air-reservoir fur the supply of the
crowds already encroaching upon it in new dwell-
ings—that this new Finsbury Park should remain
connected with the Regent's 'Park by the broad and
handsome road known as the Camden Villa-road.
The proposed new cattle-market is to be placed ex-
actly between these two parks, and will effectuaily
defeat all the sanitary good already effected. The
main roads to each of them will be continually
blocked up with cattle, in spite of a promise that ail
the beasts aro to be brought to the new market by
railway. But how will they be driven away ? As-
suredly by the good old system of goading, tail-
twisting, and dog-hunting through the best of the
north-western thoroughfares of this busy metropolis.
If the intention of the Smithfield Removal Act
was to prevent the diseases occasioned by foul air
from being generated amidst a swarming population,
then the choice of Copenhagen-fields—so crowded
it is on every side that some of the houses will hale
to be taken down to make room for the spacious
market—is a clear evasion of the act. Probably
the adoption of the Islington Cattle-market—which
is already built, and can (according to a plan
published by its proprietors) be enlarged to $2 acres
of extent—would be equally an evasion of the spirit
and intention of that measure; but to spend:loMM.
in planting a new market so close to one already
existing, and in a locality almost as populous as
Smithfield was at the beginning of the present cen-
tury, would be a wanton waste of money, a gross
injury to existing property, and an unjustifiable de-
ception of the public.

FRANCE.

PARIS, TVEADAT EVENING.

You may remember the sensation excited here
some time ago by the refusal of the Porte to allow
the Charlemagne, a French ship of war of 90 guns,
provided with the screw-steamer apparatus, and I
believe the largest vessel yet worked on this prin-
ciple, to proceed up the Dardanelles. A letter in
the bebots, (the substance of which we published
yesterday) explains the whole course of the negotia-
tions held upon this subject, and informs us that the
Porte has ended by withdrawing its refusal. This
result appears not to have been obtained without ex-
ercising much pressure upon the government of the
Sultan. It seems that soon after the French admiral,
ptomain-Desfosses, reached Constantinople, he intro-
duced, in a conversation with the Capitan Pasha•
the subject of steam applied to ship: 0;
war, and told that minister of the Sultan
that he had an excellent opportunity now of ex-
amining the finest ship which had ever been bui::
on the screw principle, as the Charlemagne routi
easily be brought to Constantinople. The Capitar
Pasha no doubt pointed out the little difficulty tha:
lay in the way of this proceeding, as it was impossi-
ble that he could beignorant, any more than the
French ex-minister of marine, of the treats- of July
13, 1841, which excludes from the Dardanelles armed
vessels of all nations, a treaty which cancelled the
exclusive advantage obtained by Russia through the
secret treaty of Unkiar Skelessi in her favour. The
Capitan Pasha communicated the proposal to his col-
leagues, and Admiral ptomain-Destesses, according to
the Debuts, experienced no difficulty on the
part of any member of the Turkish cabinet
to whom he mentioned the subject. In the
meantime, the French government having Con-
sented to allow the Charlemagne to proceed to
Constantinople, M. Sabatier, the French chug'
d'affaires at Constantinople was instructed to applY
for a firman to allow the ship to pass the Dardanelles
The answer to this application was a note of the
Turkish government, refusing. upon the ground of
the treaty of July 13, 1841, to grant the permission
solicited. As the Charlemagne was already on her
way out, expressly to get through the Dardanelles,
the French government was vexed in the el-
creme at this disappointment, which was attributed
to the suggestions of Russia and England. Therein,
indeed, little doubt that the ministers of both those
powers were consulted by the Porte on this question
and it is equally clear that neither M. deTitott nor
Sir Stratford Canning would counsel the infraction
of a treaty of the greatest importance as regard, the
maintenance of the integrity of the Ottoman Eimarc.
Count Walewski in the meantime received instruc-
tions to demand from the British secretary of 1.07
reign affairs explanations as to the objections said
to have been urged by the English ambesradm
Constantinople against the entrance of the Charle-
magne into the Dardanelles. What answer au
given to the French government does not appal'
It is, however, certain that every effort was 1144 heN
to urge Prince Callimaki, the Turkish aruba•KaP.
to use the most cogent arguments with his govern:
ment for yielding on this point. Count Turgot 1041.
him plainly that instructions were on the
of being sent to M. Sabatier, the
charge d'affaires at Constantinople, to nef
mend in the meet pressing manlier the entrance!'
the Charlemagne, and in case of a refieal, inimetlistO
to break off diplomatic relations. Prince Camas,
despatched, without delay, a courier to his gore'''.
ment, who arrived on the night of the I Ith
et s
at Constantinople. On Sunday morning, June
M. Sabatier bad a conference with the laurster

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• affairs and it is affirmed that the Porte has
Nns•nted this time to admit the Charlemagne
tjoaugh the Dartlauelles. It is probable, however,
that she will have to dismount her guns; after which.
ef .ourse, there c3uld be no objection on the side of
the Porte. On the other hand, it France is so
gasious to give the l'apitan Pasha en opportunity of
wining a screw steamer, and so disinterested in the
costion of science, that she does does not scruple
to rend out fiom France expressly for this purpose
alto hart seicw-steamer ever built, one cannot see
why the comparatively small inconvenience of taking
caber tio guns, in submission to treaties, before
gaming the Dardanelles, should be objected to.
It appears that the news received from Africa is
eery grace. and by 110 means favourable to the
• imnient. Ihe .%Igiers newspapers of the 23th,
whul oi.h are due, have not arrived. The journals of .
Ton ainl Marseilles and other places of the south
bate been examined before their publication. Every I
mono, it should seem, is taken to prevent the can-
tons of the latest African mail from transpiring. I
bear that the editor of the Pays has abstained from
publishing a letter which ho has from Algiers, in
toesopii nee of the expiessed wish of the government
to this effect. I am unable to obtain any particu-
lars of w hat has happened, and can only give you
the surmises that proceed apparently from efforts to
comeal the IIeWS.
M. de Li Gueiraniii.,re, editor of the Pays, declares
t.)-Jiy publicly his inteat• of proceeding by way
of prosecution against the libellous attack of the
Duke de IGrtigo upon him in the Cormier.
The J...irnal eV la roar, conducted by M. Meyer,
es.rttlacteur of the Palrie, has lived rose-like for a
single morning. It made its first, loot, and only
appearance yesterday, and to-day has sunk into the
grave. whither it uas preceded by the Public of
Laniartinii,re.
M. Fortoul, the Minister of Public Instruction,
bas strained the duties of his office to the extraor-
dinary eats nt of reprimanding a professor for writing
bad verses in a newspaper. M. Valentin Parizot, a
profoosir of literature in the faculty of letters at
Co-iambic, wrote some lines in a provincial journal
tallied the Nation/it, and signed them " `'al. P."
The authorship being discovered, M. Fortoul, in a
long. formal decree. lays down the rule that although
a private individual may be permitted to brave ridi-
cule by publishing bad verses Sou rhan( rise.), yet a
member of the "corps lilleraire,' the depository and
guardian of sound literary traditions, mutt not, by
publishing verses contrary to good sense and good
taste. derogate from the character of the body to
• he has the honour to belong. Professor Val.
Parizot is, therefore, to be publicly reprimanded by
the aeatlemic council of the Isi:re, and cautioned to
be more careful in future.
The Eehu tle l'i,sone publishes the following com-
municated article:

At the instigation of the journal 1: Enseiptentent, some
teachers have *Jilts seed to the Prince President of the Re-
public colleetive petitions relative to the bill on public in-
struction. We remind these functionaries that collective
petitions are formally prohibited to them, and that they
tanuJt infringe on that prohibition without subjecting
la.:nue:yes to disciplinary punishments.

- -
The municipal affairs of Toulouse are now under
mil.tary management. Since the dissolution of the
municipal council, M. Chapuys-Montlacille, the pre-
fect of the Haute Garonne, has appointed a muni-
cipal commission, consisting of Colonel Cailhamou,
tharged to perform the functions of mayor, and Col.
Paborrv, a commander of the Legion of Honour, and
Col. Polycarp, an officer of the Legion of Honour,
assisted by two other persons, to bo mayors fuljoints.
A eritlit Aticier bank is forming at Lyons. upon
the same principle as that about to be opened in Paris.
At :he Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents.
cloaca without change, at 102.3. The Three per
per Cents. closed without change, at 71. Bank of
Frame shares fell 2.50. The Marseilles Railway
ro..e 1%. ; Lyons, 10; Strasbourg, 7.50; Havre,
G 21: tlrleans, 3.75 ; Northern and Dieppe, 1.23 each.
Trott and Bordeaux fell 1.23.

ITALY.
ROMAN STATES.

A letter from ltome says:—" When the Triumvi-
Tate imposed a forced contribution on the city of
Ferrara, the majority of the citizens resisted pay-
ment until the progress of events brought back the
Pope. The Pupal government refused to acknow-
ledge the impost, and the people of Ferrara were
very well content. Within these few days, how-
ever. they have been informed that the Holy Father,
taking his stand on the principle of equahty before
the law, requires that all who have not paid the tax
shall do so forthwith."

PIEDMONT.
Count Camillo Cavour left Turin on the 26th, fur
London, with a nephew.
The bill on the Na'ional Bank was voted in the
sitting of the 25th of the Piedmontese Chamber of
Deputies by 94 votes to 22. By this bill the capital
is increased from to 32 millions of francs, to be raised
by shares of I,ltistfr. each; 250 fr. to be paid down
immediately, 250 fr. in six months, 2301 r. more in
1%53, and the rest when called for by the council of
the bank, with the consent of the government. The
bank ;a bound to advance to the government, when
required, sums to the amount of 15 millions of francs
at 3 per cent. upon public securities ; and it must
always to ready to meet such demands on the part
of the government. It is authorised in return to
establish two discount offices at Turin and Genoa.