The Express.
London, England, 1852-01-14 00:00:00

LONDON. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 14.

Antosr all the indignation excited by the cruel
and arbitrary conduct of Loris Neroteeor, one is at
host pleased to find absolute power as outrageous
and intolerable in practice, as it was base and immo-
ral in assumption. -Mter the votes of so many mil-
lions of French for a dictatorship, it would. ho a
disappointment were their dictator to prove a King
Lot, A King Stotts he is with a vengeance, slay-
ing, transporting men by thun.and., and sweeping
away every vestige of an institution from the land,
even universal suffrage itself,—that very basis of
the new government. There is not a eomm one
is Fritter. that could not tell what an aggregate lie
moot tare been the vote. We have had letters from
the Var.—that important department. of which the
population turned out against Louts NeeoteoN, and
is a hi h the soldier, have laid waste by tire and sword
I awd any cruelties known in the revolution, Cr
even in the dragunnades of I.oets XIV. The
elMlllllllle. or ',wish, of Luc. in the Var. comprised
1,100 ekytors, that is. males above 20. Of these 1.100,
certainly 1,000 turned out against Louts N %rotten;
the result has been, that upwards of :MO have hos
dragged off from prison to prison, soli
shot, seine to be transported. Upwards of '
200 are fugitives, hiding in the surrounding
woods and parishes. Knowing this. judge of the
Inept ilt) of every one, on learning front the official
returns that of the 1.101) electors of I.ne, 00 voted
fur the full powers demanded by Loftin NAPOLEON.
Er .4,4., .liwr ~,,, ~....
There is. however, hope and consolation in the
fact that a tyrant, even a Box \ PARTE, does not diem
the maintenance of his power compatible with any
one free institution. Universal suffrage, we see, is a
humbug. But municipal rights, freedom of the press,
the jury, the national guard, are all one by one do-
elan d Incompatible with the prerogative of the PRE•M-
SINT. All the IC N ere institutions made bv, and for, the
middle and citizen class, and intended to strengthen
them ; the press to enlighten and informs the jury
to defend them from the inevitable partiality of a
judicial hierarchy. dependent on government fOrpro-
motion and par, the national guard the only power
capable of healing a purely military party in check.
Be it admitted that every one of these sacred and
tutelary institutions were made the worst possible
so of he the French, that the press was factious.
licentious and mad, that the jury, especially
the Parisian jury, condemned innocent men for
no crimes at ult.—such as NI. Hei.o for denouncing the
punishment of death,—that the national guards were
as often bullies to tread down liberty as cowards to
defend it. All this is very true, but it is Mee the
fault of successive governments, which would mot
work representative institutions honestly and fairly,
,than of a public which has always been the child of
'impulse, and never the respecter of principle.
i )For our part we are not sorry to see the
) military dictator declare that his govern-
ment is incompatible with all or any of these
institutions. V. o 'seller° that dictatorship to
/be equally incompatible even with that degree of
social liberty which is allowed at Berlin and Vienna.
in these capitals intelligent persons are free to talk
'amongst each other, provided they do not plot. And
'Baron NI tvreerret. would not think of exiling HA-
°DOM Liz or VINCICE, for fear they should express con-
tempt or disgust of the government in their private
'saloons. But the Parisians have been so accustomed
tto social criticisms, that to render the salons
mute,—as has been attempted by banishing M.
Tom' as
re forewnple, for daring to receive his friends,
° —willrequire a searching and particulurespionage and
[tyranny more galling and humiliating and minute
than French society ever knew. It is not against
one Madame Dr. ST %EL, or one BENJAMIN CoNsrsteg
that hi. BONACARTL will have to defend himself, but
,against scores. Ile must banish all the wit and in-
tellect of the metropolis.
It is, in fact, the intelligent portion of the nation
that is destined to feel must heavily the yoke of
Locts NAPOLEON. And yet it, too, has more
than merited severe retribution. If we look through'
the annals of French literature during the'
last thirty years, we shall scarcely Had one author
who has been respectful, much less favourable, to,
constitutional government. From NI. Louts BLANC,
who spent his talent' in decrying the ascendancy of
the middle classes, depicting them as the worst of
tyrants, and their constitutional monarchy as the
most despicable of systems, to M. TUIERS himself,
the historian of the revolution and the consulate
/there .
French

Li out a page, not a soutane from which a
.sch reader could derive any love be a !epitome-
Afire system. As to M. Tint:m.4's book, it is a sure
lapology for military despotism. Even the feeble
opposition of the tribunate in lend calls down apes
it from M. TIIIER4 the most sweeping sentence
contempt. M. Tumait deprecates such •
'opposition as likely to " inoommaiParhaalsal olue,"
not dangerous, and oars the ciretusstamse "as a
proof that there arc tines is which a diststesibip
necessary, even in free countries, or is countries
destined to be so."( His f. de antstaltat, Book 14.)
On the chief and grand difference between Bona-
partist government and a constitutional system, via.,
• the principle of election, men upon this M. Tithes
himself is not very explicit, and does not at all
show clearly what lie would prefer. It is well
known that the great principle invented by SIEVES
and adopted by BuNArAWD: was, " Covi&giet from
belve., power frusta abort." In other words, the exe-
cutive was to kccislate and nominate—the people to
approve. Anything like a representative system, like
election by the people. was abhorred by StrALs, and
his abhorrence was highly approved by BONA,' %SIT&
Then fore the latter made himself emperor, and seat
• his prefects to govern the provinces,whilst he arrayed
all the able and clever men of the kingdom into tins
or four bodies, where they were to _ est
in their advice, and where they were to be paid shad
honoured, but where they were as totally sispinint
on the government and its chief as the molls, ef
a Turkish divan. In fact. the system adapted by
Sterr-s and by RON tralre, and not eamillsomsed in
any flagrant way by the French historians sad poli-
ticians who have treated of it, was mach nearer to
that of Constantinople than to any other known
regime.
Of this system of Foreroment, independent of po-
pular election, yet with the lacquer of popular assent,
this system of the Pediechali, with full power over
the lives and persons of his subjects, in which power
he is upheld by the Muftis and Imams. as well as
by the Pachaa —of this we arc promised a new
edition on the tath or the 215th. Whilst, as is tilting,
room is to be made fur the inauguration of this new
Turk law over France by the banishment from it
of everyman of free intcll'gcnce and Christian civili-
sation.

TO-DlTwo print a documen tor much public interest.
It ix a declaration, hearing the signature of 3,262
of the clergy of the church of England, emphatically
recognising the royal supremacy in all matters and
things ecclesiastical ; expressive of thankfulness for
the judgment given by the tat;t:tx, on the advice of
the Judicial Committee of Privy Council, in tho
Goan au case—" a wise and just sentence (they say)
in accordance with the principles of the church of
England "—protesting against all attempts to bring
that judgment into contempt; and repudiating
the enforcement of any standard of doctrines in
the church by unauthorised individuals. This docu-
ment has been presented to the two primates of
Canterbury and fork. .knd to it those digni-
taries of the church have made graceful replies:
Archbishop SUMNER, in his usual suavity and kind-
liness of language, boldly reasserting for the clergy
" freedom of opinion," within reasonable limits, " in I
a case where it is not denied them by the Word of
Gin, or the declared doctrine of the church of
England. In other words, claiming for the church
that gnat principle of comprehension on uncertain
points which only can bind together the members of
a spiritual organisation, on whose behalf infallibility
and divine attributes are not raised.
In such n declaration,—mado however late in the
day,—and in such a reply of the Archbishop of CA.N.

TERBURT, there is real satisfaction. There documents
are at once indicative of the strength aid the danger
of the church. They show that to the great bulk of
its laity who hare adhered faithfally to the plain and
simple doctrines, the rational aid useful ch:eacter,
and to the subordinate position of the cbu'ch inthis
country, is still to bo added a firm and ?mooted body
of the parochial clergy. They tench the wisdom
and the safety of our temporel rulers elevating
to the episcopacy men of moderation, of per.
sonal piety, free from sacerdotal pretensions,
and unharmed by tile allurements of etelesiastical
ambition. They pedve that between the principle and
the practice of a scriptural standard of divine truth
and the prinAple and practice of human authority
there is yio via media ; and they establish the ne-
cessity of greater union, more defined and positive
views,—and, we will add, of higher courage—amongst
all who entertain this correct appreciation of the
protestantism of the church of Englund.
.Ind if another reason for such more active co-
operation be needed, we surely have it in the
danger which this very declaration,—when looked
narrowly at,—will disclose. We do not at
all undervalue the expression of opinion on
such a matter of upwards of 3,000 of the
clergy. On the contrary, as we have already in-
timated, it shows an amount of unanimity by which
we cannot le. too gratified. We feel the force of all
that Mr. (loom:tells Archbishop Sunset' as to the
imperfect organisation by which signatures were pro-
cured; and in the spontaneity of those who have
signed we see increased hope and great encourage-
ment. And lastly, we know how the poverty of a
large part of the second order of the clergy,—how
the influence of their high church bishops,—how
the power which episcopacy has over the success
in the church of thu younger clergy,—we know full
well how active these inarticulate but effective agen-
cies must have been in preventing many from
signing this declaration, whose hearts were in its
language, and whew spirit finds expression therein.
But properly estimating its value,—fully appreciat-
ing its unpurtance,—and amply allowing fur tho last
mentioned consideration, it would nevertheless be
self-deceit for anyone it may gratify to overlook the
fact that the total number of its signntures do not
represent a very large proportion of the clergy of the
church of England. This Overtax controversy has
rent the church in three fundamental points;
it brought distinctly and practically out the sacri-
ficial and niediatorial pretension of a priesthood; it
raised doubts as to the subjection of the church of
England to the laws of the land and the ordinary
legislative action of parliament ; and it was nearly
successful in narrowing the terms of subscription to
the church to such a degree as would,—had success
been obtained,—have amounted to a denial by the
eiureli of England of the two great principles of
the Reformation, that CHRIAT left the outward
polity of human churches to the discretion
of each Christian society, and freedom of thought
to each individual Christian. And such being
the inues more or less involved in the de-
cision which the QtEEN, on the advice of keel
Privy Council and the two Primates, made in the
GORHAM case, it is significant that, though there are
in the church of Engd upwards of 17,000 priests
and deacons, yet to this declaration in support of
that decision, and in protest and repudiation of those
offensive positions, there arc only 3,262 signatures.
Though numerically large, the declarant clergy
is, therefore, comparatively small. They arc little
more than one-tifth of the whole body. We
must not, however, suppose that the force of
the aggressive, the revolutionary, and the sa-
cerdotal- party in the church is to be esti-
mated by the other four-fifths who have not
signed. Very far from it. A large, perhaps the
most considerable portion, of the beneficed clergy, are
content to pass the remainder of their lives without
acquiring in their maturity or in their age any very
defined views of church government generally, or of
the exact position of the church of England in the
realm. No such controversy disturbed their academic
nurture; and they will not plague their pastorate by
sharing in it. They are willing to enjoy all the in•
creased personal importance which the pretensions ot
tractarianism may give them, without mastering the
premises on which they rest. They admire the zeal
that ani mates thcircurates without thoroughly compress
hending the principles whence it springs. They sup-
port their high church diocesans, but entertain the
highest personal respect for their metropolitan. They
appreciate the enormous advantages of quiet for the
church ; and they are too much of gentlemen to take
part in any agitation. This class—the successors of the
old high and dry schodl--includes the great proportion
of beneficed clergy; and they, of course, rigidly ab-
'biped from Mr. themes movement. The number of
adherents to his declaration represents in all pro-
bability the strength of avowed evangelicanism
amongst the clergy of the church of England. And
it would not, perhaps, be far wrong to rate their
active opponents of the sacerdotal school at much
less than another 3,000. 'the number of the clergy
who, on the relations between church and state,
have the courage to utter correct views, is, therefore,
small.

Iheir opponents, to greater courage, have ano-
ther advantage— they have greater youth. The
strength of the aggressive high church party lies in
the rising and younger clergy; and the full force and
vitality of this party will not be felt until they, in
their turn, shall have become beneficed, have ceased
to be curates' assistants, or missionaries, and have
become incumbents. Then they will acquire an in-
fluence, a power, and an opportunity to propagate,
and extend, and confirm their views, which as yet
they do not possess.
And it is this that forms the least. agreeable pros-
pect of the church of England. It is this prospect
which renders it so necessary to interpenetrate the
mind of the laity of that chinch with their own true
position ea members thereof,—with the reasonableness
sad expediency of tho power over the church which,
b its constitution, has in England been reposed in
the sovereign,--and with the subjection of the church,
as a subordinate corporation, to the jurisdiction of
parliament.
For it is only by the laity fully asserting and exer-
cising their own legitimate power in the church, re-
pudiating for the existing establishment every preten-
sion of a mystical or preternatural description, recog-
nising the clergy as officiating ministers and ap-
pointed instructors only,—not as mediators,
sacrificers, or intercessors,—putting aside the
offensive and mischievous pretensions of any
Divine •ht in episcopacy, and treating the
whole esta as a temporal organisation
to be altered and reformed, and made to accord to
the wants of the age which it has to serve by parlia-
ment—it is only in this manner and by such means
that the rising waves of priesthood can in England
bo checked and curbed.
The declaration in question shows then that on the
laity the brunt of the battle will fall. It is for them
to be armed and trained by times.

1111sNetoN-nocsa.— Last Monday being Plough
Monday the Lord Mayor entertained the household, and on
Wednesday, the :Nth hritsuit, the Lord Mayor and Lady
Maoress are to receive at dinner the members of the Court
of Aldermen and their ladies.

PROYOsED ILLIORM MEETING IN ST. PANCRAS.—
Yesterday at the meeting of the board of directors of the
parish of St l'ancras, held in the Vestry Hall, King's-road,
T. Eld Baker in the chair, Mr. Steelton communicated
the following letter from Sir B. 1101, requesting the meet-
ing on the above subject, appointed for the 26th instant, to
be postponed till after the meeting of parliament:—
"My dear sir,—lt is almost certain that very important re-
velations will be made the tint night of the session, I
would strongly urge you not to have your meeting before
that time, and to have a meeting of the whole parish or
borough afterwards. Yours, &e., B. helot..--I.lanuver,
Jan. 11."—The subject of the letter will be divided on by
the vestry.
EARLY CLOSING MOVEMENT IN TIM IRON
Tutim.—The following circular hts been addressed by
nearly all the large Scans to their connexions:—'• We beg
to inform you, that on and after Monday, the 19th instant,
we purpose closing business at 6 p.m.: and on Saturdays
at p.m., instead of 7as heretofore. From the expen-
mace of other wholesale houses, who have kindly adopted
uranjp ments, fur the benefit of those engaged in
their service, and from the cordial co.rmeration they have
received from their connexions, we feel hopeful that a
similar result w.II follow in the trade, with which wo are
emtnected ; we therefore make the proposed alteration, re-
lying capon your kind support and assistance in carrying
out the arrangement."
Sr. Cluns flosrrraL.—ln accordance with the
mandamus for that purpose, lately granted by the Court of
Queen's Bench, the inhabitant, of the parish of St. Faith's,
Winchester, in which this hospital Is situated, met on
Friday evening last and appointed two churchwardens. By
them the chats I of the hospital will have to b taken charge
of as the parish church; the incumbency of which is sup-
' posed to he now vacant in law, in consequence of the Earl
of Guilford not having been properly appointed master of
this hospital.

FRANCE.
•
PARIS, Teastsay Evvornro.
I hive ttiay to announce to you fresh acts of
violence on the part of 'the government, which have
produced a very bad effect upon the dart commove
of Paris. Two wealthy merchants, one a Spaniard
and the other a German, in the Quartier du
Sender, one of. the richest districts of the
capital, have fallen under the displeasure of
the authorities, and, I hear, haw Veceived orders
to gait Paria within three menthe. This res-
pite has been accorded to give them time for winding
up the affairs of their extensive establishments. 'Die
motive alleged by report for their expulsion is the
expression in conversation of opinions condemnatory
of the policy of Louis Napoleon.
I remarked yesterday that a decree abolishing the
national guard altogether would have been better
received than the ordinance published in the Muni-
teur, which totally. perverts the character of the in-
stitution. This opinion is very widely echoed, even
by those organs which are counted among the fore-
most supporters of the government.
The Chasseurs do Vincennes have taken possession
of all the posts of the mayories that were occupied
by the National Guard.
Several National Guards yesterday brought their
arms to the different mayories, and deposited them in
the halls. They were afterwards put into small
hand-carts and conveyed to the Tuileries.
The Conatiledionmel reports that there will be pub-
lished shortly an ordinance of amnesty applicable to
all the disciplinary peoalties pronounced against
National Guards for acts previous to the re-organisa-
tion of that service.

A letter from Rome, in the Unirers, gives the speech
of General Gemeau to the Popo on tho Ist of
January. The general raid that whatever might
happen it would always be the greatest glory of the
French army to have re-established the Pope in the
capital of Christendom. Ilia holiness, in his reply,
avoids all compliment to Louth Napoleon, and coldly
expresses a hope that the " events which have just
brokm out" may be productive of benefit to the
Christian world.

The Mon tear contains a decree, proposed by Gen.
do St. Arnaud, Minister of War, re-organising the
three administrations of military provisions, hospi-
tals, and clothing, with a view to their greater ef-
fectiveness in time of war. Thus, the faculty of
choosing civil auxiliaries for these services is repro-'
seated as an inconvenience in case of war; and
henceforth it is proposed to restrict such employ-
ments to non-commissioned officers who are qualified
by their good conduct, instruction, and aptitude.
The agents of the three services may be employed
without regard to their speciality. The persolind of
the provision department is to be placed on a footing
of equality with the other two, and to ie increased
from 28t4 to 300 employes, who are henceforth to en-
joy the pay of officers.
Another decree accuses a naval lientenant, Le-
tierree, of grave insubordination towards the mari-
time prefect of Lorient, and places him in non•ac-1
tivity, by withdrawing his employment.
The rest of the Monitcur is occupied with the
names of persons proposed by the Minister of the In-
terior as deserving honourable rewards for acts of
courage and devotion.
M. Bourret, former representative, was yesterday
transferred, together with several other prisoners,
from the prefecture of police to the fort of Bicetre.
The Mondanr quotes at length orders of the day
issued by the commanders of the gendarmerie of
Bavaria and of the grand duchy of Baden, and con-
taining the most extravagant praises of the services
lately rendered to the cause of Louis Napoleon by
the French gendarmerie, whose devotion the former
are called upon to imitate.
The Chancelry of the Tuscan Legation gives
notice that all travellers starting from Paris and in-
tending to pass through Tuscany, or to spend any
Itime in the Grand Duchy, are obliged to provide
their passport, with the rtsa of the 'rusean Legation
at Paris.

Cirardin is suffered to remain at Paris for the pre-
sent unmolested. M. de ltemusat, included in tho
same category, has not yet received orders to quit.
Certain representatives, included in the first list of
the lloniteur of Saturday, have not been able to
procure foreign passports; and the Minister of the
Interior and prefect of police have declared that they ,
,have received no orders to give any. M. Pierre Le-
franc has, however, been taken out of his bed by
agents of pollee and conducted to the frontier.
Yesterday M. de Maupas gave a grand dinner at
the Prefecture of Police.

Tho Paris correspondence of the ludepoulanee
Belye reports that the law requiring newspaper arti-
cles to be signed by the writers is to be abolished.
This appears to be a natural consequence of its being
the interest of the government to afford as much pro-
tection as possible to its own satellites, who are the
only writers in the press whose pen may range with
license.

I hear from an authentic source that application
was made recently by the ministry to Count D'Orsay
to form ono of a committee for the purpose of found-
ing at Paris a &don des Elrangers. The count has,
to his credit, with the indignant zeal of a new con-
vert, refused to have anything to do with the foun
dation of an institution, in the background of which
lie ambushed the vicious varieties of gambling.
The only remarkable feature in the press of to-day
is another letter by M. do la Rochefoucauld, Duke
de Dodeauville, in the Ilaxtte de France, claiming
the privilege of discussing with a little less restraint
the acts of power, no praise of which, he says, can be
worth anything until tempered by permitted blame.
The Conslitutiann el publishes this morning the
following official returns of the election in the de-
partment of the Basses Alpes:—Yes, 34,215; No,
614 ; void bulletins, 81. The prima facie infer-
ence from these figures would be that the
partisans of Louis Napoleon in this depart-
ment far exceed the average throughout
France. The general returns only require us to be-
lieve that about fourteen out of every fifteen men in
the country have blindly surrendered their freedom
to Louis Napoleon. But in the Banes Alpes it would
appear that the proportion of Bonapartist enthusiasm
is something like 57 to 1. It might have been
thought that if the maintenance of order could any-
where be safely left to the ordinary civil authorities
it would be is a district, the inhabitants of which
were so nearly unanimous in support of the go-
vernment u these votes would seem to indicate.
We know, however, that the Basses Alpes was long
the theatre of obstinate civil war, and that the votes
were taken under the terror of the state of siege.
and if any proof were wanting of the utter falla-
ciousness of the vaunted plebiscite vote as a test of
public opinion, it may be found in the comparison of
the above figures with the actual state of things in
the Basses Alps. The same column in the Condi-
tutionnel states that the revelations made
to the courts martial attest the frightful
state of demoralisation of that department,
" demoralisation" of course meaning anti-Bona-
partism. It goes on to say that there was perhaps
not a single commune without its secret society, and
in many communes in the canton of Manosque all
the inhabitants, without exception, wore affiliated to
them. The number of individuals now arrested in
the department is 992. It further appears, by a pro-
clamation of Colonel Fririon, commanding tho state
of siege, dated January 5, that most of the leaders
of the insurrection are still at large and have taken
fight. This proclamation goes on in the approved
form to sequestrate the property of all absent per-
sons,:against whom warrants of arrest have been
issued. And, further, it declares that any person
who may bo convicted of having given money, food,
clothing, or shelter to any insurgent will be punished
with all the rigour of martial law as an accomplice
of the insurrection.

A fournai journal says:—" A journal announced
some time since that a considerable legacy had been
bequeathed to the Countess of liocarm;. by an Eng-
lish gentleman residing in Paris. This news has
since been confirmed, and some persons at Brussels,
who arc in a position to be well informed on the
subject,state that the young Englishman, who wished
to marry the Countess, but was refused, left her by
his will, which has not up to this time been disputed,
a sum of 600,001 fr." _ _

An English lady, named Lloyd, arrived from Folk-
ston° at Iloul%me on the 10th September, 1050, and
took her place, with a considerable quantity of lug-
gage, in a train about to leave fur Amiens. She
kept in her possession two carpet bags; hut one of
the railway ofhicials told her that she could not be
allowed to tnkc them with her into the carriage, as
they would occupy too much room. She gave them
to him, and they were registered. On arriving at