The Express.
London, England, 1855-01-24 00:00:00

TITHE COMbIUTATION—S EPI ENNIAL

AVERAGES.

TO Till IMOD OP THE DAILY NEW.

Sta,—On the Bth lust. I communicated to you the
malt of the Septennul Averages to Chriktmer, 18.54, as de-
duced from the return publuMtd in we London Gazelle et
the 6th Mut.;

Wheat C. Old. per imperial bushel.
Barley.
Oats 2l.
And that each 1001. of the tithe rent charge for the year
1856 would amount to SOL 15s. Btd.
Several communicsti.us have been addreeted to me
expressing surprise that the value of the rent charge should
have gradually decremed sines the year 1849, while the
pries of wheat has gradually increased during the sante
period. In order to show that this may be txplained, I
must draw attenticn to the mode is which the question of
tithes was settled in 1836.

It was enacted by the 67th clause of the Tithe Commute-
tion Act (6 & 7 Wm. IV., o. 71), that the amount of the
rent charge, as awarded or agreed upon, should be divided
into three portions, and that every tithe rent charge should
be deemed to be ad.* value of such number of imperial
bushels, and decimal parts of an imperial bushel of wheat,
barley, and oats, as the same would have purchased at the
average prices for seven years ending 1 hominy before
Cbristmas.day. 183.5. in case one-third part of each rent
charge bad been invested in the purchase of wheat, one-
third part thereof io the purchase of barley, ■ni the re-
maining one-third part in the purchase of ears.
in conformity with the above, we find that 1001. tn.
pended in wheat, barley, and oats, would purchase the fol-
lowing quantities at the average prices for *evert years to
Christmas, 1835, as tiled in the London Gazette of Dec. 0,
1836:

Per Imps Bush. Imp. Bush.
1-3rd or fa: 6‘.13d. in Wheat, at 76 Old.) Is 94.9354.9
rd or ,C 1.7 ea ad. in Barley, at 14.11 id. again- 1.38.1110:2
1..1rd or 03 3a. ed. in Oats, at 2.. Vd. lent to 212.324244

ENO Os. Od.

It is, therefore, clear that the rent charge was not a fixed
money payment of 1001., but only such a sum as the above
quantities of whest, barley, and oats, are equivalent to,
according to the average prices for seven years to each pre-
ceding Christmas.
Tao septennial averagP., as published in the London
Gazette, may be shown to be correct by the following state-
ment of the *canal average.:

Wheat Barley Oa.m
per imp. qr. per imp. qr. per Imp. qr.
e. d. e. d. a. d.
1848 606.... 31 6 .... 20 6
1819 44 3 .... 27 9 .... 17 6
1860 4O 3 .... 23 6 .... 16 6
1851 3B 6 .. • . 24 9 .... 18 7
18.52 4O 9 .... 28 6 .... 19 t
1883 63 3 .. . 33 2 .... 21 0
1864 72 5 .... 36 0 .... 27 11

7)339 11

7)205 2 141 0

8) 48 6 8) 29 3 8) 20 1

Average pm 1 "
imp. bush. f

3 7,

26

The year 1847, which, in the above aeccunt, is replaced
by the year 1854, was, in consequence of the scarcity which
then 'aimed, one of high prices, and particularly so as to
barley end oat', Me. :
1847—Wheat, 695. Barley, 44e. 2d.; Oats, 23.. Bd.
Os comparing these amounts, which are excluded from
the seven years, with thsse of 1854, which are added, It
will be evident that the septennial average must necessarily
be less than the preceding year, although the price of
wheat was a little more in 18.4 than in 1847.

We have seen that the 1001. rent ehargo was, from the
passing of the act, to be represented by a certain number of
bushels of wheat, barley, and oats; therefore, if we value
these number. of bushels by the septennial avenge prices,
as fixed in the London Gazette of the 6th lost , we shall
find the value of 1001. of tithe rent charge fur the year
1866 as follows:
94.93.4449 MAMMA; of vluat, at Ca. Old. per tm. bushel l3
145.421033 „ barley, at 3 71 „ „
243.134)13 „ oats, at 4 „ „

£B5 15 of
I hope the explanatioa I have given will enable any one
to satisfy himself at any future period u to the accuracy of
th• valuation of the tithe rent charge, as well as of toe Sep-
tenial average prima of wheat, barley, and oats.
It may be of mins use to the owners of tithe rent charge
to be aware that by the 20th section of 3 Via e. 15, the half-
yearly rent chew., which becomes due on the Ist of Jan.,
to be regulated by the averages published in the month of
January in the preceding year, not by the averages pub-
imbed a hw dap after the said tat of January.
I remain, Sir, As ,
CHARLES K. WILLICII,
Actuary, Uaiversity Life Office.
26, Suffolk-street, Pall-mall, Jan. 23, 1866.

Thr wood section of the Emperor's decree, dis-
missed in part in our impression of yesterday, contains'
the roles and regulations concerning emigrant ships—
• wide field, and one that requires to be thoroughly and
carefully enemies& Every ship carrying more than
forty emigrants is to be considered specially chartered
for emigration. Each passenger is to be allowed a,
space of from one square metre 83 centimetres to
two square metres four centimetres, according to the
height of the decks. This is the same space as the
Americans allot in their emigrant ships, and, the re-
port says, will prevent the accusation of the " white
slave trade," so often given to the transport of emi-
grants. All the minor details, of ventilation,
stowage, &c., are borrowed confessedly from ourselves
or the Americans, and need not be entered into here.
No emigrant ship is to receive on board any cargo
unwholesome or dangerous in its nature. The
Commissioners of Emigration hare the power
to force emigrants to take such a quantity
of provisions, of good quality, as shall serve for the
maximum probable length of the voyage. The cap-
tain is bound to furnish cooking utensils and table
service. The maximum probable length of the va-
one remits is calculated as 55 days for New York ;
90 days for Canada; 65 for New Orleans; 55 for the
Antilles; 70 for the Gulf of Mexico, and for Brazil ;
80 for La Plata; 120 for the countries beyond the
Cape of Good Hope and Caps Horn, to the south of
the Equator, and 160 for those to the north. Each
ship is to carry a surgeon and a medicine cheat, and
into be provided with boats—we hope more service-
able when wanted than ours generally are.
Before an emigrant ship sets sail she is to be visited
by the inspecting officers, who have to certify
to her sea worthiness and complete equip-
meat ; afterwards by the Commissioners of
Emigration, who must verify that her appoint-
assinS and victualling ars such as the present decree
demands. Her papers are to be signed by these two
ofikial bodies, and in cue any of the required con-
dittoes are unfulfilled, the commissioner can oppose
the embarkation of the emigrants. Twenty-four
hours before sailing the captain must send in to the
oommisaioner an exact list of all the emigrants on
board, their ages, sex, country, and destination. No
emigrant seriously ill,or afflicted with any contagious
malady, can be received on board. His pump-
mosey, and that of all his friends who remain behind
with him, is to be restored. Emigrants may go on
board the day before that fixed for sailing, and they
may alto remain there twenty-four hours after an-
choring in the port of their destination,unless, indeed,
the ship is obliged to leave immediately. The cap-
tain, or owner, is to pay each emigrant the sum of
we franc and a half for each day's delay after
the day fixed for sailing ; if this delay extends to
10 days the contract may be broken, should the
emigrants desire it, and their passage-money re-
stored, without reference to the damages which the
civil tribunals may award for loss of time, &c. If
an emigrant ship goes out of her course or stops by
the way, voluntarily, and beside the course originally
laid down for her, the emigrants are to be kept on
board at the captain's, or owner's, expense, besides
claiming damages from the civil tribunals, as in the
former Ca,e of delay. This closes the decree con-
oseniog emigration.
"in acknowledging the wisdom of these rules,"
aye the report, " it may be objected that they will
mast authority, and that the vessel when once out
of the French seas will escape all repressive action."
It is to answer this objection, and to supply
this authority, that the emigration companies
and agents are required to deposit a cer-
tain sum, as security, with government ; and
also that they are to be licensed by the Minister of
Commerce, before they can so establish themselves
as emigration companies or agents. The whole
weight of responsibility rests with them; and in the
event of any mismanagement or illegality the go-
vernment can call on them for indemnificatioo, and
can visit them with punishment. The reason for
this the report gives in these words :—" This system,
year excellency will doubtless acknowledge, was the
only one practicable; otherwise we should have flung
ourselves into innumerable complications, and per-
haps have raised international difficulties. Certainly,
it is at the least doubtful that foreign vessels would
have voluntarily submitted themselves to demands
which would have directly affected them; whilst, on
the contrary, there is every reason for believing
that they would make no difficulty in fulfilling the
peascribcd obligations, when they were the conse-
quences of the contract made by the service with
the emigration companies or agents.
Friendly societies, under the immediate patronage
of, if not 'directly instituted by, government, are to
be established in the ports of Havre and Dunkerque,
at Paris, and at Strasburg; but the report and the,
imperial decree are alike silent on their constitution,
not wishing to multiply minute and perhaps vexa-
tious details where so much must necessarily be left
to experience. The report deprecates the possibility
of French emigrant ships ever being among the
umber of those " which founder midway, or mark
their track by numerous corpses." We hope that
this present intention, of as perfect safety as care and
foresight can insure, will be carried out in practice.
It will be matter for serious and searching inquiry
among as, should they manage their emigration
matters better than we, whether, in some
instances, a stricter governmental supervision
than shat we sanction among ourselves is not allow-
able, or even necessary. It is against our national
tamper,' and beside our national institutions, to
soffit such stringent interference as our neighbours
admit and admire. But if an infinite amount of
property and the comfort and safety of thousands on
thousands of emigrants are to be sacrificed to our
irresponsible management, we do think that the
rigorous rules of the French decree would be better
end wiser then our own. If we would prove the
superiority of our institutions, we ought not to abuse
the liberty they give us; we ought not to allow any
ogre to drawa parallel between the system of leading-
strings and the system of individual freedom unfa-
vourable to the last, as we fear many might now
draw it in the matter of our emigrant ships aid the
disgraceful circumstances too often connected with
them.
Algeria is the lend towards which the mind of
France turns as the probable place of her future co-
ionisation. Near at hand, the scene of her military
glory, a cherished conquest, and eventually to be-
come a rich possession, it is almost the French'
Indies--a mythic land of poetry and romance and
riches. The system of emigration put forth by the
Emperor means the peopling of Algeria more than
anything else, which, as he knows, is the only true
and certain mode of conquest. Dependencies held by
force of arms give but a false strength to a nation ;
united by the ties of blood they become one with
the parent land—a colony and a province, not a fief.
If anything car make a Frenchman a willing emi-
It will be the hope and pride of peopling
Algeria. And if nearly fifteen thousand Chinese—
those histor cal petritleations of humanity—could
have so broken through their habits and traditions as
to sail from Hong Kong in the space of six months,
surly Fiecchmen can do as much. Emigration
owe become the _ fashion in France, all the rest

MY DI

would follow. Ce n'est qua le premier pas qui
toile. If fully convinced that their favourite
. police s 3 stem followed them across the wide sea, and
that they were watched, and guarded, and looked
after as well on board ship as within the walls of
their ne.tive towns—that nothing was left to indivi-
dual exertion, and that all was pre-arranged for
them by government—they. would colonise with
more hopo and with more patience. We rebel against
over-care—it is an insult to our manhood, nationally
sad individually. The Frenchman is desolate with-
oat it, and feels delivered up as a prey to the design-
ing and the cruel. In hedging round his system of
migration with every possible preventive decree, the
Emperor has again shown his profound insight
into the character of his countrymen, and his
wonderful tact in dealing with them. Wham
will the time come when they shall be able to
live without police agents and police regulations
dogging their steps at every turn?—when will they
learn to simplify their machinery, and reduce it to
self-government P—and when will we set them the
example of liberty without neglect, and prove to
dim that the want of government control does set
wan the tyranny of capital and station, bat that kop-
eks supt•raedes law, and that true mantillas neither
oppresses nor crouches?—Daily News

44113) initUtanitt•
THE EBENEZER DAVIES v. DANIEL
PRATT, PIIBLISHIR OF THE "BRITISH
BANNER."-ARBITRATION.

Yesterday Mr. listanst 1111111108 proseeded with his M-
oms es behalf of the dellealltst. Is rederesee to a ling
Misr written by Mr. Aloft argimatory of his
hit Meths galas up the dellissoM Mr. mot Mrs.
mad his Mob, kit the Congregational Huai, the
biros&
serjenot lassostsd to say that it cortainig base es dm
the dastallosislits Of Dist 4WD/ fw whisk Mat
was so semseimbia no basimisegMantaant la
the Mehl& ble apish win salad fa
the New, eat grossodal at
essiel
pseseribs the smosar ha whisk as if
should he sepseest These whose diatyerrissi Is sepia the
proceedings of lima es any other court of Judea abiedde,
he said, seam Illsmadoss Is that duty, waist indulging
in sommoste of Their duty weal boat be din
shoved by layag Mith sidesof the ease beau the publial
and whin they &ansiarised his address, as " ahnsiva,"l
they shodd au to the " abuse" on the ether side. [Mr.
Wilhite. states (says the Doily Nees) that we called
his spook "abusive." ' This is simply mans. We said
It was violent, and we say so still] Had sot Mr.
Ballantlas sailed Mr. Stacey a self- convicted Noun.
drel—had he not represented bias as a most miserable
oresture, the tool and the slave of the mildewy society
for their dirty work—bad he not described him as a sun
unworthy of credit is any court of justice. Soak language
was " abusive " is one sense of the word, but Hass it was
sot only just but it was the duty of his learned Mend to
do so. It was his intention to speak the truth
Oa kill and
he would not sacrifice the interests of truthtruththo
(avow of any man living. He had stated bo midi ay beat
the infamy of this man Davies; be MI set dase with him yet.
It was idle to say that a man is this suintry could not be
provided with animal westonneas, it here was Mr. Davies,
who declared he had hem poinesated by the Missionary
Society, still mash'sg is a handsome chapel in the Cals.
donian-road, and, as he undsettood, to a rather large ass-
gregation. There wars aims who would still (request his
chapel—some who maid go to see him out of curiosity—
south who would coatisse to support hip, that through
him they might vest Shea masa es eshen—sumo
would support him hoessas theywest nut Auk they bad
been wrong, and while ming, hal maligned sehses. Mr.
Davies had said he would net deny the atillt4tof the
Wellagbotuigh letter until Ms aseaser was forth.
He might as well have said that if his he were the Ire
he would sot withdraw it until be had discovered who had
lighted the lire. If he had been an fanciest Emm—
a he had loved his wife as a man should,
would ha have allowed this shame so bag to have
been heaped on her, would he have allowed this
so long to attach itself to him ? Why, the sassiest
• giaat's strength if conscious of right, but with ma a
man as Davies his refutation of the charges brought against
him was not a matter of impulse, but of saleslation. Dr.
Tidiness bad acted as a ehristian and a gentleman in giving
him an opportunity of denying his guilt, and removing the
scandal. Hs would fearlessly declare that thsosgbast this
whole matter Dr. Tidman had acted not only blamelessly,
but in the most praiseworthy manner. There was not a
single appeal in this pamphlet from beginning to end
in which Mrs. Davies was not placed in the first rank as
a stalking horse, and yet her husband had had the sedulity,
had bad the hypocrisy to declare that he would not seek to
prove his innocence because he did not wish to plus her
in • position painful to a lady's feelings ; but she was placed
in that position. She knew that she was accused of
having received rush a letter from her husband—she knew
that Dr. Tidesaa, Mr. Front, and a " subordinate" is the
Mission-house had seen the letter; and if he had had a
spark of manhood in him—if he had not been lost to all
shame, he would have miscued her from infamy each as this.
As to Mrs. Davies, he would have thought it the height of
cruelty to have kept that poor woman one moment in the
witness-boa. It often happened that a woman in her ruin
clings with greater tenacity to the author of that ruin—that
la this constancy of her nature and the strength of her affection
she sacrifices the highest interests in the promotion of the
temporalwelfare of him she loved. No doubt the mind of Mrs.
Davits had eau been pure—no doubt that, if trained to
good, she would have been a proper and becoming member
of society ; bat she same Into that court with a miad per-
vertad—thi MO there with all the love of a woman for a
man, ens though la hod messed her, and even though
that love waits to bedieeded, bitterly wu its cossequences to
be deplored. It bad bees said by her husband that the Green-
wich letter babas written with her knowledge. How could
it be supposed that she had approved of esprestions most
wounding to her vanity as a woman—most calculated to
arouse her indignation as a wife. Yet she had come there
to save her husband from rain; and, in order tolefect that
object, had made statements which no one could believe.
He would fearlessly say that if he could prove that Mr.
Davies bad stayed at Mr. Keep's, that the plea of the defend-
ant was made out. He was determined that this man Davies
should not go forth from the court without a full and fair
investigation. He had courted it, he had invited it, and he
should have it. This was a man who had called others
high above him perjurers and conspirators; but it was his
(the learned serjeant's) determination that this man's ohs,
racier should appear naked before the world ; and when
1 that was done, henceforward his only claim to protectioa
would be, his penitence. Let him come, with lowly hoed,
and acknowledge he wu penitent, and let that confes-
sion not be an hypocrisy. The learned serjeant,
Wing referred at tome length to the evidence oddment
es behalf of the plaiatiff, concluded his address
by saying he thought be had now laid the cam fully and
Eribefore the learned arbitrator • be had spoke.
y, honestly, and bluntly, and he United he had down
duty. When he found a man seeking to cover his own,
adlamy under the veil of hypocrisy, he sought to unveil that
=by, and show him forth to the world in all his
W.
The proceedings were then adjourned.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.-JAN. 23.

MICII C

svanca
JIM= inuaans.
IAINNLL AND ANOVISR, P. ONITE.—