The Express.
London, England, 1864-11-10 00:00:00

ttRITANNIA,

into ITZWINO, THE 11./THER's DYING CHILD. ►lle. S.
Lane. Singing by NU. Albert Steele and Sldlle.thmti.—Autt
CAPTAIN JtIIIN LUCK —Commence at oi.

MGR WATER AT LONDON-MUDGE.

TVS DAT Mo;ning. Igh. 46n.... Afternoon, Ilh
Morning. Ilk. 410 m.. iftenagm, oh. Om

LONDON, THURSDAY, 11'01'1131HBR 10.

lr needs a strong confidence in the final for-
tunes of the cotton trade to withstand the
gloomy impression produced upon the mind by
Mr. MAcixaes Report, presented to the Man-
chester Central Executive Committee on Monday
last. our I I,thdAdnil re rd y thousand persons
are now entirely out of work ; one hundred and
twenty-five thousand more are gaining a scanty
and precarious livelihood on short time. This is
a worse state of things than prevailed in Lanca-
shire in the middle of last winter. On the Ist
of January of the present year the number of
operatives iu partial employment was about the
same as it now is ; but then, the totally unem-
ployed were fewer by 11,000. On the other hand,
only 147,000 persons are now in receipt of aid
from guardians and relief committees, as against
196,000 in January. This diminution is pro-
bably due to several causes : the in-
creased stringency of the rules under which
relief is administered ; a diminution in the popu-
lation from emigration and similar causes ; and a
partial diversion of industry to other employ-
ments.

But this is not the worst feature of the Report.
In Lancashire, at least, it has been long foreseen
that the time must come when the long paralysis
of manufacturing energy would produce deplorable
consequences upon the class of employers as well
as upon that of the employed. In some other
parts of the country a vague impression exists that
millowner and millionaire are synonymous terms ;
that men who had made enormous profits in good
times could afford to lie on their oars during bad
ones ; and that closing a mill meant no more than
a temporary cessation of money making, which to
a well-fed capitalist was no great hardship after
all. The letters from the North, which we
published some time ago, will have intro-
duced our readers to a very different
view of the subject. We have only to remember
that the average number of hands employed in
the cotton mills of the United Kingdom was,
before this crisis, no more than 151, to discern at
once that a large part of the business must be in
the hands of small tradesmen. Many of them
manage their affairs on principles which render
such a stagnation of trade as the present eqiivalent
to total ruin. They are working on borrowed
capital, and have to meet large outgoings for rent
and interest ; they cannot pay for their cotton or
their yarn without advances from the Manchester
agent, to meet which their finished production
must be quickly thrown upon the market. In
many cases the profits of good years are spent, not
in establishing their existing business upon a
sounder basis, but in erecting new buildings,
buying new machinery, to be worked in the same
speculative fashion. A number of these men suc-
cumbed to their ill fortune at the outset ;
their factories still stand idle, waiting for
fresh adventurers and brighter times. But others
have struggled ou till now, working or waiting as
they could ; trusting to some unexpected turn of
trade, and endeavouring to counteract adverse cir-
cumstances by desperate personal energy. But
this last crisis has proved too much for them.
There seems to be in Lancashire a strange etiquette
as to the publication of manufacturers' misfor-
tunes ; the catastrophe is to be heard of on the
Exchange, or within the circle of creditors, but
seldom reaches the newspaper—still more seldom
the Why a sp.irlier's failure should be
exempted from the publicity which attends a pier-
chant's stoppage it is difficult to see ; but so the
fact nevertheless is, But now Mr. Mir LURE has
raised the veil, and informs us that during the
month of t ietober no fewer than 68 spinners and
manufacturers have been compelled to sus-
pend payment. Even " in this number
" many are not included who by private
" arrangements have been enabled to prevent
" their dirticulties being publicly known." If to
these, again, we add the numerous cases in wlii,:h
men who, three years ago, were working large con-
cerns with the very smallest margin of capital, will
be compelled under the new conditions of trade
to contract their operations and so to give a greatly
lessened ;uw nut of employment, the severity or
the Mow , hien cotton manufacturers have re-
ceived will becorue apparent. The final loss or
temporary ineorivenience to the community at
large will lie but small. Ai ewer as ever iquorilov
awl weaving again become a safe and profitable
bilaMess t-.-y will promptly attract new energy and
fresh capital. More than any other result of
mechanical ,k,l!, e.ilico is a necr,sary of life:
man caonot do a itboot a shirt, nor even the
!liiidao without the strip of cloth round his loins,
am: the folds filch guard his head from
the tropical sun. 1;4 whenever Lan-
caalaire again sets her face towards pros-

parity, her path cannot but be strewn with ruint,
If the workman looks back to the years of dishiest
as a period of insufficient food, at scanty clothing,'
and bitter dependence, the master may well re-
collect the long-deferred hope that made the heart
sick ; the unavailing struggle against an almost
undeserved misfortune ; the final disappointment
of a life's hard work.

As far as the operatives are concerned, it may
fairly be hoped that with nearly 400,000 bales
of cotton in Liverpool, and as much more upon the
sea, their average of employment during the winter
will be far higher than it is now. Experience has
shown that whatever the difficulties and fluctua-
tions of the market for yarn and cloth, all the
cotton that comes finds its way before long to the
factories. Under these circumstances the relief
given by the various committees should, we think,
be looked upon as a temporary expedient in aid of
the working class, and not in any sense
as a permanent resource. Relief boards
should ►e ready to resume or to suspend
their operations at brief notice, according to the
state of work in their districts; helping to tide
the workpeople over a stoppage of the factories,
but sternly refusing aid whenever work is to be
had. The establishment of a second—and in
some cases of a rival—Board of Guardians in
every district would be an unmixed evil to all
classes of the population. The transition from
living on charity to living on wages is not yet
accomplished, and is beset with many difficulties;
it is the business of the relief boards to help the
people under their charge to make it with as little
suffering as may be, yet to give them clearly to
understand that the time has come when it must
be made. Lancashire relief committees have
won for themselves an honourable reputation
during this term of their life. Let them show
that the manner of their death becomes them no
less.

WE venture to ask whether the time has not
come to put an end to the venerable nuisance which
every November robs the metropolitan public of its
principal thoroughfares, and concentrates an idle
rabble in the very heart of the capital ? There was
nothing in the civic procession of yesterday,with its
draggling detail of faded finery, tin armour, and
transpontine knights, to compensate for the ob-
struction of the route from the Bank to West-
minster-hall in the busiest part of the day.
And there never will be. Within the last fifteen
years we have seen various attempts to inspire •
meaning into this obsolete performance. Succeed.
ing Lord Mayors have had their " ideas "as to
its revival, and have tried to redeem it
from ridicule. We have had the allegorical show,
the representative show, the spectacular and pic-
torial show, and all having failed we have got back
again to the melancholy exhibition of old and bat-
tered theatrical properties which we saw ye►terday.
Alderman HALE was too wise to try his hand on
it. There was, in fact, no new course open to him,
unless along with the horses and knights he had
borrowed the MENKEN. The show has imposture
written in its every lineament, from the resigned
and rueful aspect of the Lunn MAYOR,
and the ashamed look of the officials
down to the " get up " of the man in brass
from Astley'a, who leers from his csaque as he is
chaffed by the boys in the gutter. When impos-
ture is thus self-eonfessed, it is time to have done
with it. The Lord Mayor's Show has long been
tolerated for the sake of the young and of
strangers, but it has now ceased to interest even
children and country cousins. What future Mayor
will be the first to distinguish himself as a man of
sense by sending the 9th of November coach to
the lumber-room at South Kensington, and driving
to Westminster as a man of business and a
gentleman !

Zbt Court.

WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 9.

The Queen, accompanied by the Princess of
Wales and Priam* Helena, drove out this morning in a
carriage and four, attended by the Equerry in Waiting.
The Princes' Louise went out driving.
The Prince., Beatrice, attended by Mdlle. Nomlle, took a
carriage drive.

This morning, it being the anniversary of the birthday of
the Prince of Wales, the band of the Sod Regiment of
Life Guards performed the following selection of mum in
the quadrangle:
Choral-- ti 'thou to whom all creatures bow"..Copposed by the

Ovrrture—.. Flauto Majico"
Writ-- I would that my love'
The Priu.e of %% ilea' quick March

l'n hee Con or
.Mhz.art
. Wentletssolau
. Com p..te.l I,y the

DuZ-heas

The Prince of Wales went out shooting, attended by
Teesdale, Lord Methuen, Colonel the lion. A. Hardinge,
and Lieutenant-Colonel liingscote.
The following, in addition to ber Majesty's and the Prince
and Princess of Wales's household, had the honour of
being invited to the Castle in the evening : Lieutenant-
General the lion. C. and Mrs. Grey, and the Hon. Mrs. W.
Grey, Major-Geneml and Lady Mary Hood and Mime Hood,
Major• General and Lady Emily Seymour rod Miss Seymour,
the Hon. Lady Biddulph,, the Demo of Windsor and the Hon.
Mr.. Welleeley, Colonel mad Mrs. H. Ponaonby, the Rev.
C. T , Mr. Buff, and Mr. Sahl.
au] be Grey mad Ripon arrived at the Castle yesterday,
and bad the honour of dining with her Majesty and Royal
Family.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial•ofEce
front the 1..0v rnors of the Bahamas and Labuan.

THE VIsIT OF THE PRINCE AND PRINcErSs OF
WALES TO LIVERPOOL.—Mr. Laurence. the newly elected
mayor of Liverpool, announced yesterday to the council
that be had received a note from the Earl of Derby t, the
effect that the Prince and Princess of Wales would visit
Liverpool text week, probably on Thursday or Friday, but
that the Prince was desirous that the visit should be a
private one, and that no addresses should be presented. The
arrangements therefore have been left in the heads of the
mayor.

The Prince and Princess of Wales will leave
Windsor Castle on Tuesday next for Knowsley, on a visit to
the Earl and Countess of Derby. Their royal bighnesaes
will be the guest* of the noble earl and countess till the
following Saturday.

PRINCE LEOPt.I.D. —On Tuesday afternoon his
Royal Highness Prince Leopold commenced the first of a
series of rowing lessons on the lake in Frogiuore grounds.
Mr. George Talbot, the Prince of Wales's waterman, was
in attendance, and gare the young prince his first instruc-
tion in aquatic exercises. It is understood that his royal
highness will cintinue his rowing lemons should the weather
and his health permit.

The Earl Russell and Lady Georgians Russell
left Alderley-park yesterday for Edinburgh, whence they
proceed to-day to Aberdeen. The Countess Russell was to
arrive at Petnbroke•lodge, R chmond-park, from Alderley
park, last evening.

Lord Palmersto❑ has promised to open the new
Corn Exchange at Romsey, is Hants, on the 15th proximo.
The Doene-s of Somerset :old La.ly wendolut.e
St. Maur, with L Edward Sc. Mane, tare returned to
the Admiralty from Paris.

The Earl Cowper has arrived at Wrest Park,
Berle, from •isiting the Marquis eel Marchionesa of Aber.
corn at Beaudeelrt, S:stfordsLire.

The Conote,. of Cork gace birth to a son on
Tueaday at the family ri.idenca in firafton.etreet. The
countess and intat.t ale progrcadog eatisfactorily.
Lord and Lady Duiferin have arrived within the
last few day • a• Liidie, Highgate, from a tour of
•isita in Scotland.

THE. HIGH lt'RN" TRAINING INATITUTION.—TiIe
committee of the Church of Eogland Metropolitan Training
Institution itoCo t ea lilting clittlielettneeS,
it will oot be expedient to open the cAlege after Christmas.