The Express.
London, England, 1862-04-19 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 19, 1862.

*RETCH AGRICULTURE.—THE INTHRNA. French papers, that had not this ox been here t EMIGRATION OF EDUCATED WOMEN.
I Prince Albert's cup would Lave reamiued iu
TIONAL CATTLE SHOW. ; but this is not so, for there are many We have reported from time to time on various
animals in our short-horn classes quite nnapprosch- plans which veneen concerned, for the honour and
(mu ore coaarsrosnzere able by the pure Durham* of France. The presence welfare of their sex have set on foot to open new
me m. TR pmDA T. lof thisanimal, however, has invedthe jury the trouble occupations to those who are compelled to seek in-
The little town of Poissy was stirred to its centre of Keating this point, and the cup comes to grace the dependent sources of subsistence. Perhaps not many
yesterday. Perhaps nothing since the meeting mahogany of a Idritish subject. Had the exhibitor of our readers know how numerous is the class of
there in 1857 Itsbeen also the breeder, the 12W. cup, offered by the . women who, in this country, have to earn their own
. so
the Minister ..f Aenculture, M. &ether, to ilistri-
French government fur the best male animal in the living, instead of administering the earnings of
English cleans, would have followed the aforesaid, husbands, fathers, or brothers. A writer in the
bute the prizes The public being *knitted free, but in lieu of this • gold medal of honour decorates current number of the National Review has put the
and the monimg being charmingly tine, there was the sable front of the noble ox, which the French had matter in • strong light :
a goodly gatheritg The trains from Paris did better purchase for their beret Eras, to gram- the Without affecti an accuracy of detail which, whom-
not add no nosh to *sell the crowd as might have next Paris procession, instead of one of the leggy figures anaosoernad, is always ostentatious and usually
been expected, but the neighbouring districts sent Normans usually chosen. They will try in vain to Perplexing, the law which determines the proportional
in their small fanners to learn the great lesson, find au animal in any of the classes which girths numbers of the sexes may be thus succinctly stated :
104
awl participate in the pleasure. Perhaps the fact 8 feet 9 inches, measures 7 feet 9 inches from tail There are asuatly
about
100 females : but as mortalit or 105 males born to every
y among males at all ages ex-
of the Lulls" andgentlemen of the French inetrupo- to seat of bores, stands 5 feet 1 inch in height, I oasis that of females, the number of the latter actually
his bring just now oil fish diet renders it inane- whose leg below the knee is only flinches, and whose living is always greater than the number of the former.
potable with their religious views to feast their eyes live weight is 343 stones of filbs. Mr. M'Combie In countries where the natural proportion has not been
upon ouch carnal thine as beef and mutton under shows three heifers of the same breed, and carries I materially disturbed by emigration, immigration, desolating
a skin cover. For the most part the concourse off a second prize and again the first prise for • ' zoniztorto Lan, or
toothbeer about
cfporcauserooot:. the excess of
warn composted of !elided proprietors from all famous Galloway cow. The West Highland breed In Great BALL, to which we shall in future confine oar
parts of the country, who seemed quite as is well represented by Mr. Owen Walla's beautiful attention, the actual excess is above 3 per cent, there
well acquainted with the good points of our ox, which receives the same premier distinction here being 103,3 females actually living for every 100 males, a
animals as with the bad points of their own. las at Smithfield ; and Mr. Stewart's a good second. tanroportion, however, which has. unqueenseably teen n-
eed by emigration. But as in the earlier years of Ids
When the Minister wade his appearance at noon, The pure Ayrshire breed, although much esteemed the proportion is is the other direction, the mess et grown
the -ante was very attractive. He appeared iu full in France, has no representative. The hiatus seems to women over grown me, 1, reee, more thaw three per cent.
state uniform, and was accompanied by a consider- be curiously filled by an Irish ox, which has been Between the ages of 20 and 60 years it is about 51 per
able number of senators. The procession, cur- worked nine years out of twelve, and shows but sorry cent, and after that still larger ;so that after 20 years of
roweled by soldiers and followed by a band of condition, a little Kerry cow, which is certainly age we may state broadly that about 106 women, are to be
music curl a considerable tail of tag-rag, made a pretty, and a very tiny, and one of that curious long- found. frur evweerbealeTeinwen. )NtheiTistfawthoreeede are serriletv
natund.in li-
turgical circuit of the exhibition, and pro- term"' breed which seems designed to show the souruNnudng, and satisfactory state of society all wousea:m a rule,
eyelet to a (averse'. tastefully decorated, where French breeders the dilemma from which the short- above 20 years of age—except the reduodaat 6 per cent, for
the prizes were ediately awarded. It was cer- horn and Hereford have enabled us to escape. The whom equivalent men do not exist here—would be married,
taiuly a disappointineut not to see more of a crush ; British cross-bred animal, are more interesting and then the number (over 6 per cent.) who are single may be
but the number of vi..itore was far inferior to that important at home than here ; we will therefore tosoeden aa the measure
raw mii our
tion. ntiparroture.fros
wthaomtetealabtobz
which atteu.ds our mire local shows at home. This, leave them fur another occasion, and take a glance 20 4„, Poef then, who must and ought to be tangle,
however, e oulv evnience of another character to at the French
,pure breeds and their ameliorations. 1301.146 percent., the actual proppoortion who are single is
that we have already noted, as to hew much re- Before starting on this somewhat lengthy review 30 per cent. According to the • •General, "Out of
nil" he done in "'Met to give agriculture some- it may be well to state that the French and English every 100 females of 20 yean of age and upwards, 57 are
what more than an administrative denomination. cattle, sheep, and pigs, were judged by two juries, wive ,13 are wroidltior
to 30 amerns
teben, and thus bring
Thee, ineetiugo are now conducted at in,- consisting of government inspectors of agriculture, the fact, more early before os, med.., minds, we nil
l'emee t., the nation. Private enter- the managers of government agricultural establish- quote another statement of the Registrar-General. There
prise ohoulti take the ouus of them upon itaelf. menta, members of the French Zoological Society, were in England and Wales, in 1861, 1,248,000 women in
Breeders surely cauuot need the temptation managers of the imperial farms, landed proprietors, the prime of life, i.e. between the ogee of 20 and 40 yews,
of great Prieto in order to gain that inform*. the directors of the celebrated veterinary colleges, Thrigowro.aeranilLe total number of lees than
to our assumption there ought wily
tion which comearhieu can only give. Priem of sod several butchers. Both juries consisted of to have been 150,000 (or 5 per „et.) in that e,3oditiee
'wooer might suffice, and then such • feed only 12 members and • president. On each jury our in- which would leave 1,100,000 women in the beet and most
would be melded as would be quite within the tenets were represented, in the one case by the well- attractive period of life, who must be classed as
power of the advanced agriculturists of France to known Mr. Fisher Hobbs, and in the other by unnaturally, if not ell uninientioselly, single. There is no
rime from their 01%11 pocket'''. It is well that go- Captain Ball. Great care and impartiality were ex- need, however, to place either figures or inferences in too
strong a light; Ind as neinestaonably many sienna do
vernment should step in to supply the place of a (=ewe heat, and doubtless the presence of many between the ages of 20 and 30 years, we may perhaps
lax private interest, but why, in the present state the butctistept the breeders from yielding a little reduce the number althea@ who are spinsters, in coneequenee
tf•iuge, everything sid be left to official rule too much to their partialities as tobreeds. They did et social disorders, or anomalies of some sort, and not from
it is hard to bay. But this is • discursion. The their wore well, and have given more satisfaction choice, to abont 750,000, or three quarters of a million—a
day pissed very pleasantly. Sunshine, music, and than juries usually do. figure large enough in all someneses.
eloqueuce gave effect and point to all its proceed- In all the French exhibit about 960 animals of It is plain that while this disparity exists in Eng-
ings. Seise who arrived at Poesy with confidence all kinds. Of theme we shall now only deal with land, the mere opening of new employments for
went home humbled • some who came trembling sonic 500 head of cattle. Of the Norman pure women, such as book-keeping, law-eopying, print-
returned jubilant ; and all who came curious found breed, judging from the seven specimens of steers ing, and the like, can be but mere palliatives of an
themselves iostructed. and oxen, there is considerable hope, but the great evil which bail deep roots. The natural balance
Just as we deed our last letter we slipped in all breed is yet very gaunt, and the small breed used of the sexes must be restored, or, at all events,
that was then known of the awards in the English AA a milker does not seem to answer so well as the attempt. must be made in that direction ; and for
clams. It is now neeeesare to say something Ayrshire. There are various methods of remedying this we must look to new countries, where the
respecting teens Taking the French programme these defects, but the breeders of Normandy prefer number of the hardier and more adventurous sex
there is tar same natural division as before. First using the English short born as the most expede is so much greater than that of women as to
areas the pure breed., and then the subilivisieus of taus mode of cutting the difficulty. There are make the difference a serious evil. It appears from
usals and female, secerdiug to age. Under the first several animals thus produced which are very saris- the reports of the Registrar-General already quoted
we (vine 1.0 the only 3-year-old short-horn steer, factory. This Norman breed with its crosses es esti- that the excess of women over twenty years of age
exhibited by Mr. H•dland, M.P., alone labia glory. mated to yield about one quarter of the meat con- in Great Britain is about 406,000, but that such is
Net es eel cis nee. for the first, be receives the second Willed in Framer : half is eaten in Paris. It extends the scarcity of women over 20 years of age in the
prue lu the de., fee oxen there is the same sin- over about five departments, at the rate of one head United States and the Colonies, thatif the redundant
gulanty. One fine animal is exhibited by Mr. to 74 acres, which would give a bovine popu- numbers bare were transported there, they would
The. C I Lee but a. it had nut been purchased from lation of one million, equal to 1-10th that scarcely be filled, and we should have to complain
lewd drueer four lunar month* before being en- of France. The Char:Zen, however, seems to beof of a deficiency. The following figures represent the
travel for the show, it it disqualified. In this part all the native breeds of France that which is moat facts more forcibly than verbal statements could do ;
Cie Eughsh 'show is certaiutepo or. But we make readily convertible to the wishes of the breeder. In the North American colonies, the proportion is as fol-
lememis sn the short-(loco bailers and cows. Here It looks like an expansive breed, and by means of lows:
we se, e•lden honours ; but before advancing to careful selection its peculiarities—ouch as a jutting
remark ou these beautiful animals it may be well shoulder' an irregular back, and huge development
to point out that tire French have never before ad. of bone, all due to centuries of hard service beneath
mittel tau females of our herds to stand in any the yoke—may be in time ameliorated. The twenty
degree upon a retied of equality with the male*. departments which form the angle of the east con-
There he. pn.rxiled here a eon of Chinese preju- tun, it is thought, about • million and a half head
dice agamet the feminine gender, which has hitherto of cattle. After the north-west it is the richest
excluded cows and heifers, the pride ..f our own region. This bovine population coneentres through-
shows, from .all competitiorn. This year the out in the mountainous portion which forms the
fence is thrown down, awl the ladies of ten departments of the Vosges, the High and
the herd move majestically to their acmes- Lower Rhine, the High Saone, the Doubs, Jura,
tweed eleece, and receive with couileereimiou their Ain, kc. And here is the home of the Charolaise,
accustseuel honours. The fact is that M. Trebel'. and beside it of the Comptoise and some sub-
nais, editor of the journal Revue Agricuk, and a breeds. Of all these the Charolaise is best known in
considereble exporter of English cattle to France, Paris. It has now extended through all the neigh-
Vi 46 isertruniental in overcoming the dein- terming districts by its precocious qualities.
dimities, of the administration of agriculture to Having been treated by skilful moulders it has
give wee en this point. Paris rules France, and risen high towards perfection, and will soon run the
Pens his. deckled against ouw beef, which on that English breeds close. It is the French abort-horn.
ground t w impactor of markets always quutee This breed goes far to supply the two great French
much below steer and ox beef. The experience of markets, Paris and Lyons, together with the inter-
Engle-'ll grazierog,,Cl to setablieb thegreat value, ea- mediate population, and is estimated to produce
s.f the s.hurt-lione Hereford, and Devon cows. annually about 50,000 fat beast per year. This
They Isv.l very quickly, and i,reduce great weights vigorous breed is absorbing the smaller and weaker
awl prime quality. It is well, therefore, to have ones. In the Moreau mountains there was for-
correct. een economic error into which our neigh- nierhy • working bullock of great strength, used to
hours bad talkie Amongst the heifers some appear toil with heavy loads through frightful roads. This
to think that Mr. Pain a third prize should have breed, the roads having been repaired, is giving
given wet to Mr. It. Stratton's animal, which only way to the Charolane, like some others which de-
m-tire* eenoural•le mention. Brit inasmuch es appear fur 'Muller reasons. The crosses with this
the girth en I weiela of the fortuerare greater though breed are very useful indeed. Of the Partheuaise,
the age i- leas scarcely a doubt, in • fat stock Choletaiee, and Nautain breeds few representatives
show, can be felt as to the correctness of the award. have made their appearance. As there is nothing
The breeder probably would prefer Mr. Stratton's, particularly recommendable about them, we shall
whirls theugh finely moulded is scarcely in sof- nut dwell here. The Salem, a tremendous race of
ficieut cenditiou, and stands over, as we hear, fur working bullocks, some of them 6 feet high behind,
Clienteles. Mr. Ball's find prize white heifer, and 5 feet 9 about the region of the shoulder, may
which stood first iu the same class at the last Irish do well for present purposes, but it would be a
meeting, is very fat, but not quite right in the costly experiment to cover such a huge frame with
hair, but has more the character that pleases a eatable meat.
French, butcher than the sewed prize heifer, Mr. The three departments occupied by the Limousin
Teunante, which it too fat iu the rump, and falls breed, the Hente-Vienne,theCreuse,andtheCorreze,
away in the thighs. There are only two more contaiusbout4oo,ooo head. Parisconsumeagenerally
animals in this dame both rimier one year, belied- 20,000 head of this breed • year, of which a
ing to Mr. Hales, and only brought for male. In the third come directly from Proveuce, and the rest
nest (lee Lady Pigot (Branches Park, Cambridge- after having been grazed in Vend4e and Normandy.
hire) exhibits a reran cow, which is one of the This is nearly all the production of the breed.
wonder. ei the show. Fur this animal her lady- French authorities entertain a high opinion of it.
ship, a frequent winner at our shows, receives the They say that it would be easy to double or triple
gold weird of houour awarded ter the best female the produce of meat in Limousin without any change
in the ehiowe not French, together with the first of breed. It would be only necessary to improve
prise amongst the short-born cows. She peewee-is the pastures, to promote irrigation, to cultivate
all the (seminal qualities of the short-horn tunops, ka, and open railways or good highways
breed--level back, cylindrical body, set of to produce this result. The representatives here
tail, bee bone, great depth in the region of certainly confirm thegeneral opinion. Next to the
the vital I,IVAII:,' and wonderful niellowuces of Charolaise and Normaudy, they appear to be the
touch. A second cow LIMO from the same Irene most improvable breed of French cattle. They
an, I meets with honourable mention. Besides are very large generally, with mild, expressive,
these, Mr. Jonas Webb and Mr. Eastwood bear off placid eyes. The prevailing colour is a rich cream.
tile eemeel and third prizes. Mr. Webb's, evidently Their bodies are expansive, and though their
not long out of the straw-yard, very bones are large, there ie • mellowness
superior quality, and will also o well at the of touch which indicates a strong tendency
Chrietnoss Show. She girths three inches more to early maturity. The Garonuaise and Bozadiae
than tee first prize. Mr. Crisp shows a good- , are also of a cream colour and red, but not nearly
quality cow 1.. complete the list. The Devon steers Ire, prepoesesaing as the last. As workers they are
end oxen here but three representatives. Messrs. both useful. We have then the Mancean breed,
Heath is oh Pain are the i•rizeenen. There are no from Maine-et-Loire, which shows a particular des-
Devon I heifers ; hut the cows, three in number, position to improve under crown, as we shell pre-
ens each .letinguished. Than is no doubt about Mr. I south y see, a substantial black and white breed ;
Hembree cowbeing fint—thepleeesheoecupiedboth ' the Cuiptois, a fine red and white breed, which
atSuoitleieeland Binniugliamehristuuusrhows—but also creates well ; the Maratchin, the Savoisien,
some doebt is expreeel an to the second and third the grey thick-set Aubrae, the white Bourbonnais,
awards for cows exhibited by Mr. C. Smyth and and the Modem, a deep reel breed, in poor oomli-
Mr. Pale. But judging Mum by the same Lion. The singular little Bretonne breed, extend-
mate as Cm butcher wound, Rue probably the breeder ing over five departments of the peninsula of Bre-
ton, we think the prizes are properly given The et- tngue, is promoting a great deal of interest just
coal prize cow is e'er years youinger, while it girths Low. There small cattle are not estimated at less
more mei weighs heavier than the third prize en. than 1,500,000 head on about 9,000,000 acres, or
The Hereford classes du not show anything very nearly 1 head to five acres. This little breed is,
remarkable, but they are guod. There are four par creeUevire, adapted to arid soils. It finds note
steers, Mr. Heath's, first ; Mr. Monkhouse's, so- rudiment where others perish of hunger, and the
one ; Mr. Williane's third. Mr. Heath's wo cow gives as much milk and butter relatively to
have sera heftier, at tin :Bermingham and Smithfield the amount of food taken, not the quality, as other
'bows, slecerated. . The WWI geutleman good milkers. It has recently been discovered
takes the first maul ouly rile in the next class for that the Bretonne will fatten rapidly on the
the only oz. Mr. Niggler' heifer receive' a second best pastures ; and now that this fact is
prize i,s a clam which consists of two animals, while discovered a good trade is being driven in them.
Meagre 'furrier and Mum's vein find and newel A union with Durham and Ayrshire stock has 'me-
in the cow class, Mr. Turner's having won the ceeded admirably, and there are • number of fine
second prise at Leeds. In the pulled clameethe great spectinens here. There are also some wonderful
.scows of the meeting Appears to he, not that this little Algerian cattle, taken wild from the herd and
breed is likely to become very extensive, but be- transplanted hither just to show the zoologist what
cause of one of those chance productions uniting can be done with animals in that state. In colour
great size with wonderful symmetry which do oc- they are white, black, and grey, and range in age
ea remally occur at times i• most breeds. The from seven to eight months. • The following statement is gives in, the supplement to
Ahersleen 'deers stand well, Me ll•Consbie and The notice of the pure Durham breed of France, the Report of the Statistical Congress whisk arse is Perim,
Mr . .1 !element taking first and second for as well as of French and English classes of sheep and sad may be regarded se approximately cement for 1.• cat of
animels ehich display great maturity quality ; pigs, must be reserved for to-morrow's oummunica- the savers num,:e,7,ll•lsbad„„, 1tt3.11090 fete!** 1r
but a is In the toms clams that Mr. M'Combie's lion. There will then be an opportunity to show to. 7184471.;
fish es, the pride of Birmingham mud Smith- what listed the English short-horn stock, and Let- IFOramel.62 teals to 100 males; Austria m(1840), 10129
melee to 100 males ; Prussia (1849). 100.07 females to WO
field, towers abs.'o everything. It may. perhaps, enter, long-wooled and South Down, are likely males; Russia (1855), 101.60 females to 100 males; Oohed
he euil by "we, and is hers stated by various improve the character of French herds and (docks. State (1850), 95.02 lessees to 100 males.

Canada (Census oafig
Ill•wfoundJaad '

1567,
N.. Snumnriek (Census
.4 1861)
Nova Scott. (C el

11111)
Prime Edward Mandl
(Census of 1801)

Tow.

11.219.195 j

1,161.1

rota

2,670,4171

Muer ol
Maks.

In tits Australian (okras' tie following kale proportion :
torotarios ow AVIIMULLA AIM FEW ZEALAND.

Year.

MO
11111
It./
La
1180
1980
ltle)

Cobay.

!New Rosa Wain
Victoria

18=Atiandis, .
ern Matrons

iiew Zealand ...

Total

MAU
314.01
*SIS
9,Se
140117
Ale
Moil

147,4* 900,427
111L.71 940,322
68,760 10601 1175,,967
6,503
11,09, 143,
39,173 27,27
22.2841 70,626
721,066 607.612 1,220,706

Assuming that the proportions of the foregoing
table hold good for women over twenty years of
age, we get the following results :
slimmer or 110E01 MS WNW TIMM
'United States llO,OOO
Canadian Colonies. 66,600
Austraklan Colonies 146,000

Total 440,000
Here we have one clear indication of the directio
which effort should take, and in the letters which
now frequently appear in the daily papers we
hope we have evidence that the public is
beginning to see the matter in its true light. At-
tention has lately been called to it in COnneXiou
with the work iu which Miss Maria Rye has been
engaged, that of sending out educated women to
the colonies, under arrangements carefully framed
with a view to their protection auckwelfarc Miss Rye
is happy in having recently obtained for her scheme
a gratifying measure of publicity, and the recogni-
tion of philanthropists and social nformers ; but for
• long time her most valuable labours have
been sustained chiefly by her own wisdom and
energy, under circumstances which would have
discouraged ladies of lea patience and reso-
lution. Miss Rye's plan is to open commu-
nications with persons in the colonies whose sta-
tion and character make them suitable co-operators
in her work. Thus at Sydney, Melbourne, Natal, and
Canterbury, she is in communication with the
bishop and the leading merchants or their Wives.
It is of course important that a very extensive
and intelligent correspondence with the colonies
should be kept up to prevent the evils of over-
crowding. The good work commenced in June ;
since then thirty-eight governesses have been sent
out, at a cost of over 8001. (raised privately, with
the exception of 801. lent by the Society for Pro-
moting the Employment of Women). There has
only been time to hear of the arrival of eighteen
out of that number, and Miss Rye has heard not
only of their arrival but also of their success in
obtaining immediate employment, at salaries vary-
ing from 261. to 701. a year.
" Our greatest difficulty (Miss Rye writes) has
been, of course, the money difficulty. We have
sent out nearly all our emigrants second-class, but
the passage-money is rarely less than 251. Some-
times an emigrant can pay the whole passage,
and only requires information, letters of introduc-
tion, for permission to join other ladies. Some-
times an emigrant can pay half the passage, in
Which case we lend the other half without interest,
but on good security, for two years and four
months ; while in a few very destitute and de-
serving cases we have lent the whole anon. We
are very particular about character and capabili-
ties, and, I may add, also of the safety of
securities offered, as we are calculating upon
the return of the moneys so lent, in
order that the work may be self-supporting.
I have also an impression, though all the colonies
at present are scarcely prepared to assist me in a
pecuniary manner, that the day is not far distant
when a certain sum will be devoted to the introduc-
tion of women into our colonial possessions of a clam
very superior to those now sent. Indeed, a pro-
posal to that effect is at present before the Mel-
bourne government, and I am very sanguine of its
success. During the past ten months we have had
147 applicants. Several have, of course, from