The Press.
London, England, 1854-08-26 00:00:00

THE PRESS.

convention may have been an unintentional mistake of your
Government. They may have meant to get their dear Aus-
tria at last, while they were the dupes of her,and made but
to serve Russia. Suppose it a mistake—though, indeed, men
apt to be so entrapped should be sent to their prayer-books,
instead of letting them trifle with the destinies of nations.
Rut if they now allow Austria to occupy the principalities,
then it will be no mistake—more, it will evidently have the
character of collusion with Austria at the expense of
Tnrkey,just as every step of Austria ia a manifest collusion
with Russia at the cost of all of you."

Adverting afterwards to the question of the na-
tionalities, M. Kossuth repeated his advice to assail
Russia through her Polish population !
" My opinion is that it is at Warsaw, by driving the
wedge of a Polish insurrection into the very backbone of
Russia, that Tou can be sure to take Sebastopol. For the
present I desire to warn you against a dangerous imposi-•
tion. The expounders of your Government's policy say,
` The object of the war is to obtain security for the future
against the ambition of Russia, and to reduce her power
permanently, so as to make her incapable to encroach upon
the liberties of Europe. For this true object of the war, a
movement across the Danube would have done very little.
The broad policy of the war consists in striking at the very
heart of Russia's power, and that heart is Sebastopol.'
Now, gentlemen, I proclaim this assertion to be the most
contemptible nonsense, or the grossest mystification, which
diplomatic malice could invent. Sebastopol is an advanced
guard, but not the heart, of Russia's power. The heart of
Russia's power is Poland. With Poland in the dominion
of Russia, the Czar is as dangerous at the Baltic as at Se.
bastopol, at the Caucasus as at the Danube ; everywhere,
with Poland wrested from his grasp, with Poland free, the
Czar is neither dangerous on the Black Sea nor anywhere
else. Can a man in his senses assert that the destroying
of his fleet and of Sebastopol will deprive the Czar of the
power of proving you to have beeti the most silly of mortals
in this war, if you are content with snch an issue? Poland
is the heart of the Czar's power. There you must strike,
if you desire to strike him at heart. if you don't strike
there, then I proclaim aloud, to God and to man, those
assurances about reducing the power of Russia to innoxious
proportions all a humbug. The public opinion of England
cries aloud for the regeneration of Poland. The reconstruc-
tion of Poland is an indisputable guarantee to the future
safety of Europe. Yet Poland, not having been permitted
to take part in the struggle, could of course not enter into
the conditions of settlement. I, for one, knew it from the
beginning that the Government of England is decidedly
hostile to that idea. I have known that the very fleets of
England and France have been sent to Constantinople
with the express purpose of hindering the Turkish Govern-
ment from affording some facility to the regeneration of
Poland and Hungary. I know that England's aristocratic
Government would move heaven and earth, and hell, to
oppose revolution, and rather spare and save the enemy of
England than do him harm by countenancing a popular
movement, though directed against England's enemy. I
know, in a word, that England's Government is the great
conservator of despotism on the Continent."

THE increase in the strength of the nation during
the last thirty years is strongly exemplified by facts
collected in the " Census Report." In 1821 the
number of males in Great Britain under 20 years of
age and the number above 20 were nearly equal.
The census of 1851 reveals a very different state of
things. The increase in the young population
(under 20) since 1821 has been rather more than
2,500,000; the increase in the adult population
(above 20) has been more than 4,000,000. The
males at the soldier's age of 20 to 40 amounted to
1,966,064 in 1821, and to 3,193,490 in 1851: the in-
crease in the 30 years is equivalent in number to a
vast army of more than 1,200,000 men. While the
population under 20 increased 37 per cent., the popu-
lation between 20 and 40 increased 60 per cent.
Assuming that the population under the age of 10
years, and the great bulk of the population of the
age of 70 and upwards, are chiefly sustained by the
industry of Lhs population living in the middle
period of life, extending from the age of 20 to the
age of 60, it will be found that, in 1821, the
6.367,991 persons of the middle age sustained
4,355,166 children and old persons, or 68 per cent. of
their own number; while, in 1851, only 5,797,295
ineffectives by age (57 per cent.) were sustained by
10,082,296 of effective population. Tested by these
facts, the strength of the nation has increased faster
than its numbers.

THE COURT-MARTIAL ON LIEUTENANT PERRY
closed formally on Saturday last, but the members
met on Monday to consider their sentence, and re-
mained in deliberation thereon with closed doors for
several hours. The nature of their decision is kept
a secret, but rumour goes that it is favourable to
Lieutenant Perry. There are even reports current
in Windsor of an intention to bring a third (or
fourth) charge against him, so as to place him once
more on trial. Lieutenant Perry is a native of Rom-
sey. His father rose from the ranks, and was made
a paymaster. Perry had his commission given to
him on account of the long services of his father.
He was always considered a very worthy young
fellow. Arrangements are being made in Windsor
for the purpose of getting up a subscription to aid
Lieutenant Perry in defraying the enormous ex-
penses to which he has been subjected by the late
trials.

1'97

lottign anb dolonial gtatiligrat.

FRANCE.

On Saturday last the cannon of the Invalides, with
a salute of 101 guns, announced to the Parisian
public the capture of llomanund by the allied forces.
Much interest and gratification were occasioned by
the news in the French capital. The Mites rose
considerably on the Bourse. In the evening the
salons of Marshal Valliant, the War Minister, were
crowded with official and military personages, who
came to congratulate him on the triumph that had
been achieved.
The Emperor is expected in Paris on the 28th
inst., and will proceed to the camp of Boulogne on
the Ist of September. All the troops destined for
the camp of the north are either already arrived or
on their march to their cantonments. The grand
manceuvres are not to take place until the last two
weeks of September. The Emperor has placed at
the disposal of the general staff a considerable sum
for prizes to be distributed to the best marksmen.
A communication by telegraph is established
throughout the camp, and also with Paris. Orders
despatched from Biarritz arrive in twenty-five
minutes.
The Manger de Bayonne of the 19th gives the
following details of the movements of the Emperor
and Empress of the French :

" The Empress takes her bath in the sea every morning,
and during that time the Emperor visits the works of the
new imperial residence, which are going on with great
activity, and are to be completed in ten months. The
chateau is to be called the Villa Eugenie. The effect pro-
duced by the baths has been so favourable to the health of
her Majesty that she will continue them for about a month
longer. The Emperor will return to Paris at the end of
this mouth, but her Majesty will remain until the 20th of
September."
At the request of the Minister of War, twenty-five
sisters of St. Vincent de Paul wi II embark by the
next packet from Marseilles, and will be followed by
twenty-five others as soon a .9 possible, to attend the
French hospitals attached to the army serving in
the East. It is expected that the number will be
increased to one hundred.

The followiag communique is published by the
Bayonne journal :
" The foreign press has been greatly preoccupied with
the visit of M. de I'ersigny to Biarritz. It states that he
had been summoned there by telegraph, either to proceed
on a mission in Spain, or occupy a new post in the
Government. We are authorised to declare that the visit
of M. de Persigny has no political object."
The Minister of the Interior has addressed a first
warning to the Pays, for the publication of an article
" containing erroneous allegations relative to a pre.
tended refusal on the part of the Ottoman Govern-
ment of the intervention of England and France in
the guarantee and survellance of the Turkish loan."
Wednesday's Moniteur publishes a decree reducing
the customs duties on dye-stuffs, vanilla, beet, potass,
and marble.
Mademoiselle Sophie Soult, the sister of the late
Marshal Soult, died at SL Amans on August 13th,

at the age of eighty•one.
The Government will, it is said, publish an official
return of the cases and deaths by cholera in Paris,
there being a decided diminution in the number of
cases, and an amelioration of the character of the
malady. Hitherto the mere fact of publicity not
being allowed created a suspicion that the cholera
was raging furiously in Paris. There was an im-
pression at Rouen that the cholera was causing from
three to four hundred deaths a day in the capital
when the number wai really under fifty, and two-
thirds of the merchants and manufacturers, who
had been in the habit of coming to Paris once a
week, have not been there for nearly two months.
The same impression seems to have prevailed in
England. The number of English who have visited
Paris in July and the present month was little more
than one-tenth of what it was in the corresponding
periods of last year.
GERMANY.

The Moniteur contains an official announcement
that the Austrians entered Wallachia on the 20th
(Sunday). The whole corps of occupation were to
have passed the frontier by the 23rd. Two brigades
have marched from Hermannstadt, and another bri-
gade from Kronsdadt. Bucharest, Krajova, and Lesser
Wallachia will be occupied. The advanced guard
will reach Bucharest on the sth of September.
Three brigades of the army of Count Coronini
are preparing for a similar movement into Moldavia.
Letters from Orsova, to the 22nd, state that the
anniversary of the birth of his Majesty the Em-
peror Francis Joseph was celebrated on the 18th at
Rutschuk with great rejoicings. Omer Pacha, with
the whole of his staff and all the foreign officers,
attended the ceremonies usual on such occasions in
the consular chapel.
A Berlin despatch of the 17th states that " the
Prussian Government insists that the negotiations
between the Western powers and Russia shall be
submitted to the Diet. This Austria refuses."

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'798

Considerable sensation has been caused at Berlin
by a very simple fact. The King has ordered that a
marble tablet, with an inscription in letters of gold,
shall be placed at the spot where the first soldier fell
in 1848 from the fire of the insurgents. This act of
reparatory justice has given rise to some protestations,
not, however, of a turbulent character, but which
have led to several persons being arrested or sum-
moned to appear before the magistrates.
Warlike preparations are making at the Prussian
ports on the Baltic. The garrison of Swinemunde
has been strengthened by a part of the 9th Regi-
ment. Reinforcements of artillery have been or-
dered to Dantzic, Pillau, Stralsund, and Kolberg.
Peenemunde and Stralsund are to be immediately
placed in a state of defence. An order has arrived
for arming the fortress at the mouth of the Vistula
and the fort of Neufahr.
By a Cabinet order of the King, the newly invented
flat drums are to be introduced into all the regiments
of the Prussian army.
The export of flax, hemp, linseed, and wood from
Russia by way of Memel, both by land and river
conveyance, continues on the same increased scale
as hitherto. The extent of increase since the re-
opening of trade this spring under the liberal
auspices of the English and French concessions to
neutral powers may be estimated by stating that the
turnpikes in the neighbourhood of Memel take ten
times as much toll now as is usual at this time of
the year. One of the Prussian custom houses on
the Russian frontier sometimes takes as much as
1,0(X) thalers a day for import duties.
SWEDEN.
Immediately after the surrender of Bomarsund
General Baraguay d'Hilliers and Mr. Grey, Secre-
tary of the English Legation, started for Stockholm,
it is supposed with a view of inducing the Swedish
Government to join the Western powers.

ITALY.
The Piedmontese Gazette of the 19th announces
that a treaty for the reciprocal freedom of the coast-
ing trade has been just concluded between England
and Sardinia, and that a treaty of commerce has
also been concluded between Sardinia and the Sub.
lime Porte.
Garibaldi has issued a declaration from the baths
of Acqui, declaring that, being tired of hearing his
name constantly coupled with wild attempts at revolt,
he frees himself from all personal responsibility
respecting them.
Letters from Naples, of the 16th, state that two-
thirds of the inhabitants of that city have emigrated
on account of the cholera. Among the victims of the
epidemic are the Duke of Lieto, Gen. Nunziante, and
the Prince of Aci.

SPAIN.
The latest news from Spain is of a gloomy cha-
racter. The present state of tranquillity is said to be
only apparent. The new Ministers work not well
together, and the provincial juntas are in fierce op-
position to each other. There have been rumours
of the resignation of Senor Coiled°, the Finance
Minister, and of other tokens of impending crisis in
the Administration. Clubs are being organised,
where the acts of the Government are freely dis-
cussed, and the decrees of the Queen trampled
under foot. Catalonia has become the place of
resort for violent political refugees, and their move-
ments are both watched and feared. There is evi-
dently a feeling in operation that is intended to effect
another revolution, which, it is believed, the Govern-
ment will be unable effectually to resist.
It is calculated that the deficit bequeathed by the
Sartorius Ministry to the public treasury amounts to
seven hundred millions of reels, about 6,600,0001.
sterling.
Marshal Espartero and all the Ministers took part
at a banquet given on the 15th by the French
Ambassador in honour of the fete of the Emperor
Napoleon.
A new civic decoration has been instituted at,
Madrid as a reward for the "splendid feats of valour
and patriotism which have immortalised the days of
July." The decoration consists of a civic crown, with
a gold hand, hearing the motto, " To the defenders
of the liberty of July, the gift of a grateful country."
This crown is suspended by a red and green riband,
indicating that the people shed its blood to reconquer
liberty.
The Duke de Montpensier sent 0,000 reals to the
wounded, the widows, and orphans of the 17th, 18th,
and 10th July.

PORTUGAL.
Advices from Lisbon of the 19th instant contain no
political news. The vine disease was spreading, and
doing incalculable injury.
A royal order directs the remaining surveys for the
railway front Madrid to Portugal to be urged on as
rapidly as possible.
TURKEY.
The Porte, aided by Lord Stratford, has finally
obtained from the Greek Patriarch a consent to
denounce the conduct of Russia, in regard to the
orthodox Church, which is placedunder his guardian-