The Express.
London, England, 1855-05-17 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND GERMANY.

The Independance Beige publishes the following
telegraphic devote; dated Frankfort, Monday,
May 14:
" The Russian despatch previously alluded to
bears the date of the 18th (30th) April. It is ad-
dressed to M. Glinka, the representative of Russia
to the Court of Darmstadt.

" It is said in the despatch that Russia considers
the entente obtained at the Vienna conferences on
the first two points as a useful and acquired result.
"In disengaging German interests from the quea
tion, this result must confirm the states of Germany
in their determination to maintain a strict neutrality.

"Russia will not consider herself bound to main-
tain the interpretation of the first two points, as
agreed upon at Vienna, except on the condition of
this strict neutrality of Germany.

THE BALTIC FLEET.

DeNTZIC, MAT 11.
The steam frigate Driver, 6 guns, Captain Gardner,
arrived here this morning, having left Faro Sound on
1 the 9th inst. with the mail.

The advanced equadron, fifteen in number, are in
the mouth of the Gulf of Finland. Revel is clear of
ice. Some neutral vessels, which had taken in their
cargoes before the declaration of the blockade, have
been allowed to sail. The ice still hangs about the
islands of Hango Head and above Nargen.
On the Bth of May, the admiral, with the largest
ships of the Fleet, left Faro Sound, to meet the
advanced squadrons at the entrance of the Golf of
Finland. The gunboats and a few other nude re-
main at Faro Sound.

FRANCE.

(FROM TIM

TONDINT Or THE DAILY NEW/.)
PARIS, WEDNESDAY EYINING.

The Steele has an article, by its political director,
M. Ravin, which speaks out so plainly about Austria
as to lead to the supposition that this opposition
journal, whose private relations with certain mem.
bets of the Government are well known, must have
received a hint that it was at liberty to prepare pub.
lic opinion for a possible rupture with that power.
At all events, no such home truths as the following
have hitherto been ventilated by any section of tie
French press :
As to Austria (says the Suck) always about to preterites
for the West, and every day doing some act of service to
Ruses, we see plainly enough all that she does for herself,
and all that she does for our enemy ; but we seek in vain to
find in what respect she is useful to us. She sea•
pies the Principalities, and so relieves Russia from
the trouble of looking after them. This occupation it
is which enabled the Rueians to march their whole force
front the Danube to the Crimea. She conelndid a financial
treaty with our capitalists at the same time that she con-
eluded the treaty of December 2 with our diplomatists.
The Austrian railway treaty is in course of 'escudos.
What, we ask, has become of the treaty of December 2 ? If
need be, we will reprint this document. Diplomatist' will
see that the utmost time limited hu aspired—yet nothing
has been done.
The Siecle then roundly takes to task the French
government journals—the Moniteur included—for
having lately affected blindness to Austrian do.
plicity.
While we are on this subject (it continue) we will set
shrink from eying, that it is most desirable that the Frei
and English governments should sow adopt a det.nitin
course of action. The rejection of the ultimatum was se
doubt so much gained. It followed as a consequence fete
the resignation of M. Drouyn de Lhuys.
Bat while t►e Sleek sees with satisfaction the re.
'aviation of M. Drouyn de Lhuys, it observes bed
in the Afoniteur and in the semi-oftioial journals at-
tracts from articles in German papers extolling tba
very policy which led to M. Dronyn de Lhuys' fall .

. .
The Conalitutionosel of yesterday contained in ow
column an implicit condemnation of what passed X
the Conferences, and in the very next page a cons•
pondenoe advocating the Austrian proposition of de
status quo flottant for the Russian Black Sea fleet.
Now we know (says the &Ms) that the status gee fted-
twat is nothing else than a very slight modification of the
status quo ants helium How oats it be a:period that the
Government journals wiU carry any weight abroad whin
they make such mistakes I We purposely use a polite
word.

In concluding this article, the &eels says :
Let us, throwing aside all illusions, bear in mind that we
are at war. It is of the last importance not to weaken it.
arm of our soldiers by talking about pacific solutions. Lot
it once be thoroughly understood that Russia, in all be
propositions, has only sought to deceive us, and that we hue
no concession to expect from her. Let it, moreover, be taksa
as an established fact that Austria, from the very commas*
most of the conflict, has weakened and nos strengthened
us; and then the attention—the efforts—of the two goofr
mints will no longer be divided between two opinioal; it
will be admitted that war alone can decide the issue, old
the was will, we hope, be carried on, as it ought to*.
where it ought to be, and as long as is necessary. Our firs
persuasion is that diplomacy his done us more bum this
the Russians have done. How easy it would have tom*
us to have had Russia alone for an adversary ! Whet
Austria and Prussia shall see two such great natives a
France and England resolved to threw aside the top end
rely upon the sword alone, they will refloat ; but until thm
nothing will move them from an effective neutrality, g
thousand times mote dangerous to us than their open hos-
tility. Against the neutrality of these powers we bps
amble( to oppose; against their hostility we should has
the nationalittee—why should we fear to say it—we ding
have the remautiost
Le mot est loch ! I have often said that the re.
volution must be the ultimate arbiter of the preseet
contest ; and now the French government, under the
pressure of necessity, openly coquets with Poland,
and indirectly countenances an appeal to Iluagsrl
and Italy.
The Dads maintains the fidelity of its &scrip.
tion of the violent means of compulsion resorted 10

ter overcoming the repugnance of Queen Isabella,i
and obtaining her reluctant signature to the law for
the isle of seclesiastical property.
The trial of the conspirators accused of having
constructed an infernal machine at Perenehier, with
view to kill the Emperor, will come on befogs the
Imperial Court of Douai in a few days.
At the Bourse the Bente, after an upward move.
meet, attributable to the state of the account, touched
68fr. 30e., declined to 881 r, and closed at 68fr. 200.,
with a rise of 6c. The Lyons railways rose con-
siderably—Lyons, 10fr. ; and Lyons and Mediterra-
nean, 13fr. 7k. Eastern rose Mr. In other lines
there was scarcely any change.

OPENING OF THIS FRENCH
EXHIBITION.

(710 X A SPICIAL

OF THD DAILY

111W1.)

PARIS. TUUDAT, MAT 16.

•
So far u the weather is concerned, the French
Exhibition has not been fortunate. Sunday was a
very wet day, yesterday there was still more rain,
and by. this morning the streets in every direction
were in a state of mud and dirt which those—and
only those—who know Paris well can understand.
In every sense of the word, the quantity of rain
which has fallen during the last two days, and which
poured down still more constantly to-day, has proved
a damper to the opening of the Palais de rlodustrie.
The town was certainly full of people, and every per-
son's destination seemed to be the same, namely,
towards the Champs Elysees, but neither Paris
nor the Parisians show to advantage is wet
weather, and even on an occasion like that
of opening the Exhibition, a fete whilst rain
is falling is shorn of seven-eighths of its attractions
to all French men and women. The number of car-
riages pouring towards the building this morning
Wall very great indeed. In spite of the excellent
police arrangements outside, stoppages in the diffe-
rent lines of vehicles took place from time to time,
and greatly delayed the arrival of the spectatore. As
a matter of course the number of troops under arms
round the Palais, and on duty inside, was enormous.
Dragoons might be counted by squadrons, and in-
fantry by entire battalions. At the various doors of
sigma the new police officers kept order, and ad-
mitted the holders of tickets. There was a great
deal of official fiddle-fuddle in the way people were
let in at one door and nat at another, but then a
French crowd would not think any public ceremony
either legal or correct, unless men with muskets and
meestaftes made themselves officious in every pos-
sible manner. This national liking for what John
Bull hates so much, must have been fully gratified
to-day. From the moment one's carriage entered the
Champs Elysen, until the very end of the ceremony,
there was a perpetual &Buoyant* of being ordered to'
go this way, or desired not to go that way, by fierce-1
bolting soldiers of some sort or other. Aod yet I
don't think order was one iota better kept, if so well,
as would have been the case with a hundred of Sir
Richard Mayne's army, without anything in their
hands but their staves.

Once inside the building, the first things that
struck the eye were the dirt of the staircase, the ter-
rible confusion in the side galleries—which are still
completely filled tip with unpacked cases--sod the
unfinished state of even that part of the Exhibition
which is said to be opened. Who is to blame I know
not ; but certainly a more complete case of Balsklava-
like confusion than the interior of the Falais de l'ln-
&grit can hardly be imagined. Nor were the ar-
rangements fur the placing of the spectators very
much better. The doors opened at ten o'clock, and
it was given out that they would be shut at noon—
the ceremony bring announced for one p.m. Many
people—amongst whom were several ladies—took up
positions at the different entrances as early as nine
am., and one strong-minded Englishwoman told me
the had been there since eight o'clock. When
the doors were opened a great rub took plasm
for the front seats, and many of them were
secured by men—not by any means gentle—whilst
hundreds of ladies had to stand. About an
hour before the ceremony commenced, some of the
commissioners endeavoured by. means of persuasion
to induce thaw persons to give up their seats and
allow the ladies to sit down, but their success was
very partial indeed. All round the building could
be seen men occupying the front and best mats,
whilst ladies were positively fainting from the
fatigue of havtog to stand so long. lam happy to
my that I did not observe an instance of an English-
man behaving thus. The authorities, or the com-
missioners, are greatly to be blamed in this, as in
other matters connected with the opening ceremony,
and such of your readers as have not come over hem
for to-day, mat take my word foe it that they have'
lest nothing whatever by remaining away.
In spite of the bad arrangements, and the rudeness
of the men who persevered in keeping the front
places, the sight inside the building was extremely
brilliant. Everybody knows how well French
women dress, and the vast number of ladies,
in elegant morning dresses, made the galleries
appear—if I may use so stale a simile—like
an immense bed of Bowers. But they was a some-

thing wanting. The spectators, numbered about
8,000, and of these but very few indeed were of the
lushest classes. There was wanting that nationalityl
which is the chief charm of all our English exhibitions
which are honoured by the presence et bee Majesty
Quell Vittoria. In London, or elsewhere, whenever
our Queen appears in public, all sorts of persons
We the pear to the peasant—do their bent to hid her
welcome; and the wealthy merchant is not leis saw
to do her honour than the patrician who data Its
pedigree from William the Conqueror. This wee act
the ease to-day. The middle classes were ear-
-7 present in peat numbers. Merchants from
Marmilles, menefecturen from Lyons sad Lille,
beaten from all the principal towns of Freese, sad
wealthy stockbroker. of Paris, were all present as
'editors of the ceremony. But of the higher classes
of the nation there were few, if any, and this aloes
wee a carious, if not a painful, contrast with the
opesinp of oar Hyde-park Crystal Palace in 1851,
m well as that at Sydeaham last year.
Bet, without controversy, the view of the beild-
iag—or rather, of the centre aisle, for that is all
that can be said to have opened to-day was
splendid in the extreme. The great number and
variety of the different Preach uniforms was
alone enough to make the WNW a gay one. His
Majesty arrived about a quarter past one. The
state carriage in which be and the Empress were
seated was perfectly new, and we much remarked
for its splendour and elegem*. I never remember
seeing any state coach so richly decorated, and yet
in each perfect and admirable taste. The body of
the carriage was green, ornamented with gold in a
way that shows the French coechmakers are before
at own in this kind of equipage. In the carriage
with their Majesties was Prince Jerome and the
Princess Matikle, and in the three or four carriages
which followed were the diffeuntreat people
°f the Imperial Court. The royal
which cum from the Militias to the =et a;
Pao. was preceded by a number of eta
solesdid new Burke of gmea sad tell The
"cat was composed of Cuireiniers of the Guard sad
the Gat Guards. Throughout the lime the Eateeee
viva received with cheers and cries ad "
Nviw r but the demonstration was by no means so
enthusiastic as it was a fortnight ago in Loudon.
viten the Emperor paid as a visit. Arrived at the
Pal* their Majesties descended from the carriage
sad walked in to the throne pre-
tol for them athe centre of the building.
Emperor and the &sprees mounded the
!bier* asd bowed to the essembled people,
_ma did am sit down. Behind the thyme stood
Ma 4460,1 Mapes, Marshal Vaillaat, and the Doke of
a1a0.,, The Pristine Matilde was doss to the
loPfur, and five ladies of honour also attended ca
b."l Mticesy. Whoa all bed taken their places,
rmee Napoleon, Preeideat of the Imperial Commie.
ma, advanced, and reed an address to the Emperor.
Ta this his Majesty replied in very few
"ads, the meet remarkable of which were :
Is eadeavouring to call together all
eatiese, I wished shove all thiege to open here a
?Ns* et Gamed" The Emperor end Empress
dies limeades' from the throne, and turned towards
the east end of the building, proceeding along the
NO* path= of the sm. They nut puma'

along the French side of the same, returning to the
throne, having passed successively_ by the way the
stalls of Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Hanover, Prussia,
Austria, and Belgium. Throughout the progress of
the procession the crowd was put aside right and
left to make way for their Majesties but an instant
before they actually passed, and I must say that not
even in England could there have been lees precaution
taken against treachery. Had there been any
=with evil inclinations the Emperor might
been struck down a dozen times over. The
beauty of the Empress was the theme of every one
present. Both bar Majesty and the ladies iu her
suits appeared in full court costume, and were, for
Frenchwomen, remarkably decolletee. I never saw
dresses made so low, particularly behind. Of the
beauty of the ladies who belong to the imperial court'
but little can he said. A plainer set than those who
followed the Empress to-day I never beheld. Neither
good looks nor high breeding was conspicuous amongst
her Majesty's ladies of honour. After making the
round of the building, the Emperor and Empress re-
turned to the throne, where they bowed again to the
spectators, and then retired amidst the same cheers
which had greeted their arrival. But these chews, I
most say, were by no means enthusiastic. The Em-
peror must have contrasted them in his own mind
with those which welcomed him to London a short
time ago. Shortly after their Majesties retired, the
barriers around the intetior of the building
were taken down, and the exhibition of the
Sue arts was at the same time thrown open
to the public. I cannot very well say that through-
out the ceremony mach interest was shown by the
ictators regarding anything concerned with the
Exhibition. Up to to-day only 5,000 season tickets
have been sold, and of these 2,300 have been pur-
chased by English people and other strangers. The
French seem to have gone to the ceremony with
much the same feelings that they would have dis-
played at a review of the troops or a high
mass at the Madeleine Church. They care little
for the Exhibition itself, and would have
gone with equal pleasure to see any other
ceremony which afforded an excuse for a holiday.
The Emperor looked very ill throughout the morning.
He is certainly twenty years older in appearance
than he was three weeks ago in London. Of the
beauty of I'm consort I have already spoken ; but she
too has a most careworn, anxious appearance.

The most conspicuous figure throughout the whole
building was one of our Loudon aldermen, who ap-
peared in his scarlet robe of office. The French could
001 make out who or what he waa. Of English
uniforms there were not more than half a dozen
present.

(110 X MI DAILY DEWS

PARIS, MAT 15.

May 15, 1835, will hereafter be remembered as a
day when the long growing friendship between
England and France was cemented by the meeting
of nye industries, as it had before been cemented
by the blood of two brave armies fighting side by
side against a common enemy, and by the meeting
of the allied Sovereigns. We have a right to regard
the imposing ceremony. just closed from our own
point of view—to note its promises to us, as well as
its possible influence upon the world. We must be
just in our acknowledgment of the many useful les-
sons we may learn in and around this Palace of In-
dustry. While claiming our own conspicuous place
among the industrial communities of the civilised
world, we should survey with liberal eye the
glowing pages of French history, wherein the
struggles and the glories of the workmen of
France are written. From the times when
Charlemagne bade his daughters spin and sew ; when
industrial corporations first menaced the tyranny of
feudal lords, and afterwards served to depress the in-
dustry that, in their origin, they supported ; when
courtiers preyed upon the commerce of the nation •
when Dagobert kept his dogs and horses in the
Louvre; when Ellxeuf, Louviers, and &flan began
to make known the prodnoe of their looms; when
Philippe le Bel proclaimed his sumptuary laws -
when the French army was astonished, at the Battle
of Crecy, by the explosion of gunpowder from can-
non ; when the first silk manufactory was established
at Tours, under Louis XI.; when the first printing
press was set up at the Sorbonne, in 1470—from
these times, through the brilliant ers of the Renaisaaoce
and the gloom of the Itevolutico, we arrive at that
turning point in the history of civilisation when
the workman made his high claims good, when
Freedom sprang with one bound to the helm of
affairs in France, and left Industry to play its part
without hindrance. We might trace the stories of
the many manufactures which France has nursed and
perfected. We might describe the first pair of silk
stockings, the first carriage, the first fan, the first
wig, and, contrasting these primary experiments
with the present developments of the same idea, asto-
nish many a reader whe enjoys all these luxuries.
Then the stories of the corporations, of their exec-
, lions and tyranny, and of their stupid restrictions,
enter largely into the consideration of every man
who would form a true idea of the various influences
which have affected the development of French in-
dustry. Nor is the establishment of the first journal
in France, by lienaudot, under the auspices pf
, Richelieu, so far back as 1631, without its relation to
the present Universal Exhibition. The story
of the woolen-merchant's son of Rheims also rises

to the mind as we survey these glittering
galleries. France owes to him this wondrous lace.
Abbeville remembers that he tempted Vanrobais from
Reiland; St. ()obtain, proud of its colossal contribn-
ties, bows to the woollen merchant's boy ; and the
Gebelins workmen, who still owe much of their re-
to the great artist who directed their pre-
to Lebrun in short—should think re-
d their great founder,thewoollen matineeseon,
ler re-
Col ! Members of the Academy of Sciences
who have psentuy paced these glistening galleries
hoer give also to your founder, Colbert!
heft the brilliant products from fievree—which
ben even more remarkable but for the
fles-.4he allin et the Marquis de Fulvy, governor of
Viola s% three to the mind ; and in the brilliant
trees whom the rich silks of Lyons glisten under
andirrest. the name and fortunes of Vaucanson
as:nmi arise.
Beleleiher in the eastern gallery, and surveying
the bit awes before him, the visitor who has
Nei Ogle Ai mem of history which sum up the
bet Nowt selOdis will see in this l'alais de
nein& the sphold monument of that memorable
To the Revelation France owes the de-
ekslll es the serpentine; the establishment of
Ile Osseervatoire des Arts et Metiers ; the Bureau
in Longitudes, where Borgast and Berthond have
essiind ; the establisinant of public drawing
andemies. which hoes mud a nation of artistic
wain= I the Memel of Natural History, with
whit dm time of Daabentoo, Foarcroy, Hatiy,
Clavier, he., are inseiated ; and lastly, the idea of
industrial exhibiting of which the present is in
many respects the most notable. This idea has
been very generally given to Francois de
Heenan's, who is said to have proposed
an exhibition of industry to celebrate the
sixth anniversary of the republic. We are
told that this idea was the elaboration of a pro-
pains for the display of works of art. But this
as a tales ens. the Marquis d'Avdse was ap-
oommiodoner to the manufactures of the
(tegestry), Sevres (chins), and the Bun-
mob (auvoN4 in 1797—the fifth year of the am
palls. He bimd the workshops of these national
sernahlinnesis deserted ; the workmen were starving;
the wereasems were crammed with geed& The
at ease thought that an exhibition of the
of die national manufactories would relieve
she Aetna et the men, and perhaps revive a demand
slat their labour. He forthwith drew up a plan, and
aelleekleti it to the Minister of the Interior—Francois
lifseiblatean—who at ones approved of it, and
wind it to be carried into effect. This exhibition
ft 1111111distara was arranged at St. cl•ud. The
walls weee:haeg with (lobelias tapestry; the floors
ware seemed milk carpets from the Bavoonorie ;
asst s~irsifi Win from Sines ornamented the
nom Us Cimmbr. de Mars was crammed with
1/=ll sell it tbe central spies was a who'd of
IN=to a visitors were to draw for prism
ta• Media MI ben fixed for the 18th Front/ Aim
Oa Or *fee semis remind orders not to spa
the ohallen, and land his name in the list el ail&
lity hem issesse. This the idea of en kb-
dial exhibition le imilagetellig des to the Memel'
d'Atese; aid It is melba preeable that Far*