The Express.
London, England, 1863-04-02 00:00:00

[Stamped, ld. Additional.]

samara 'if awes ships are likely to be built
SSG** Lind blighter.) But we have that great faod of
addimel seserdP which my wile friend Lord Nebo hes so
elefeenley empallisied upon—that odds saw of volunteers
noble more peculiarly from the drown-
-swlVhirh led to its erection. In a former period, when;
as • hostile army collected upon the opposite sherds
elf the Straits, when every week might have brought you an
invasion of 200,000 men, it was not wonderful that the
estion should rise in arms, and that you should have her
dreds and thoniands of volunteers lady to stand forthisedr
to defend their sonntey and their homes ; but our maim
teen now have not been milled out by inch imminent
emergenoy—they armed themselves upon a quiet and calm
ealculation—they saw, and when I my the nation saw the
people of the United Kingdom saw, that consistent with
those burdens which aloes could be supported in posse wen
eould not maintain that amount of army which might be
Sufficient on the audible outbreak of war to perform the
duties at home and which it would be required to
Lichens. Wall, then, the publics siArit of the nation ie.
lead tip yotitit of the notion voluntarily to take sp Irma
to prepay and iiisaiplimi themselves for military srevise--,
not to meet an enemy, that wee coming to-day or to-inee,
row, sot to repel a sudden and unexpected invaded,
but calmly and ;quiellY to lay in • store of national
defence which might Niguel all future alarm on the part
of the people of thisftiontry. and might teach other nations
cif any other nations &rad vomit to be so taught—(a laugh)
'-that it was • bet* i more advantageous thing to
be at peeps with Irised, to brads with leglaid. sod to
carry on good fellowship with England, than to put lug
bind to the test to show how it could defend itself. (Loud
cheers.) Well, gentlemen, our policy has been a policy no
doubt of peeps, because—with one single interruptioa—We
have for • great number of years maintained peace with,
the whole of Europa. That interruption was the Crimea;
war ; bat the nation judged the conduct of its government,
'sued deemed that that war was justly and necemarily;
;undertaken. (Cheers.) No doubt all war is an evil, but
is an evil which sometimes leads to good ; and the results of '
that war, without going into detail, must be admitted to
have been politically advantageous to the interest for which
It, was undertaken. There was one circumstance in that
war which diatinguished it favourably from other WWI, of,
much longer duration, in which this nation has been,
engaged. In former times we, with our troops and officers,
bur soldiers and tailors, met the troops, the officers, the
soldiery and sailors of our opposite neighbour on the other
tide of the Channel in hostile conflict, man opposed to man,
bayonet to bayonet, broadside to broadside ; but in that
Crimean war we marched together like good fellows and
friends : the only contest was a contest of emulation, as to
which of the two should best perfoirm the duties which
devolved upon them. We began the war as allies, and we
ended it as friends. (Cheers.) Thee I say there was •
double triumph. There was the triumph which was ob-
tained over the enemy against whom we contended, and we
gained also a glorious victory over ancient national Nymph.
thin and old standing rivalries. (Loud Cheers.) hay that
our policy has been a policy of pesos. You, my Lord Pre-
vost, have stated that, with due regard to the meisitstimes
of pesos, we have exerted a moral influence in Europe in
assisting other nations who were struggling for
institutions similar to our own, and in endeavouring
to attain that freedom which they sought and valued. Gen-
tleman, that is true, sod looking tack to the history
of some years, I think the country has no reason to
repine at the results of the policy which this government,
booked by the feel* of the cabs., lam pursued. Time
was when England stood out, like the rook of Dumber
ten alone, • Gisela eminence with blank gronsds around it,
the oely country that possessed the inestimable blessiop
of a free and representative constitutios. listless ars now
entirely okseged. Them is now hardly atingle ormstey in
sliosope that has sot in some shape or other. with some
modification or other, institutions formed after the pattern,
or at least upon the principles, of our 000stitutios, and we
are proud to say that some of those sauces are greatly in-
debted for the benefits they enjoy to the ansistanes and
00013tO•SOCO which they missive Eros the government of
England. Games owes its separation sod independence to
;a former government, that of Mr. Canning, acting in co-
operation with Boris and France—Belgium, Portugal,
and Spain are also greatly indebted to the diplo.
=tic and other assistance of England for the fr-ii
constitution, the parliamentary government which those
three countries now so happily possess and softy. If it be
honourable to a nation to contribute to the happiness of
mankind, if glory consists, not in forcing nations by blood
and plunder to submit to a yoke which they detest, but in
diffusing happiness and prosperity, then I ssy that we, the
British nation, need not look with regret on the efforts aid
influence which we have need in aiding to secure, to those
teatime who are exertiorthemselvee to obtain, the Meetings
,of free and parliamentary institutions. We have recently
given our moral influence to the Italian who are strug-
gling for freedom. There is, mfortneetely, an iambus
white weighs on part of that beautiful and noble land, as
the part whisk ought to be the capital of the kingdom. I
cannot believe that error and wrong can be everlasting. I
cannot but believe that truth and justice must in the end
prevail; and therefore, such as I lamest the shorn posi-
sition of the Italian kingdom, I cannot but believe that a
brighter time is in atom for it, and that • time will oome
whoa all those who are concerned in regulating its destinies
will feel that it is for their advantage, as well as for the ad-
vantage of the Italians, that Italy should he in fall pores-
sloe of its capital. (Great cheering, the whole company
rising to their feet and joining in the expression of approval
of the sentiments expressed by the noble viscount.) There
is, gentlemen, another part of Europe which deeply engager
the feelings and sympathies of these islands—l need not my
that I mean Poland. (Chows.) Would that it rested with
the English government to &obis the destiny of that solids
people ! (Great cheering.) If our wishes, if our elphomeatis
interposition can have any effect, those wishes and theldipb►
macy and friendly interposition certainly will sot be, and have
not been wanting—(reoswed cheer)—bat I presume that
even the most enthusiastic admirers of those Polish poi*
would hardly under the circuenstsoces of the times expect,
or ask, that any forcible intervention should by this coendey
be undertaken. (Hear, hear.) We cannot but hope that
the united opinion of all the powers of Europe may have a
influence on the minds of those with whom it rests to deter-
mine the fate of Poland, and that benefit will still rise oat
of the calamities by which that country is for the moment
oppressed. (Cheers.) I wish, gentlemen, that I could tell
you that we anticipate any very early termination of the
most lamentable struggle which is going on among our
kindred upon the other aide of the Atlantic. We must all
deplore that unhappy war. The most unhappy war of all
wars is a civil one ; but any interference on the
part of the nations of Europe, so far from extinguishing the
flame, would in all human probability have only made it
burn fiercer and with greater heat. When the passions of
men are deeply enlisted in the contest in which they are
engaged, and when foe is opposed to foe, and on the point
of striking his antagonist, any friend who interposes would
only fare the worse for his interposing, and would net avert
the blow which is levelled by the one against the other. I
think the people of the teited Kingdom have judged that
their government has determined rightly in not attempthe
intervention. A greet and most estimable part of our pope.
lation has been suffering deep distress. That distress has
been less perhaps among you in Scotland than is the distriets
south ; but even hero, in Glasgow, and in other places, great
misery has been occasioned by the cessation of the supply of
the great staples of our industry. But if we had attempted by
forcible means to bring over that supply, which owing to the
contest has been withheld from us, I ass conviocod that in.
stead of diminishing the pressure we should have increased
it, and that would very much increase the evil which we
intended to alleviate, and the result would him bees that
the country would have been blamed for having takes a
wrong view and having adopted • policy ill-united to
the ciroutnensoose. I trust that thin war may
soon have an sod. I cannot but think that
who) the passions which excited that war lisle bed
their vent—sad all psalms must have their vent—and whoa
the results of that war shall have pressed more heavily
upon both parties omega is it, that without intervention,
which they would resent as an aff root, then our good sense
and their owls proper feelings may lead them to peaceful
inteetions, and that arningenients My be made which will
put an sad to that dreadful bloodshed and that wide-
spread domlatioa of which the Ammiese ceetineet has now
for *early two yeses been the mom Geetlomen, I can
only mean you that the policy which we, the present go-

[TWOPENC

rent, rune feapded upon mu' belief "
the faithfel exponents of the fiwilep and eentisawale of
FAA& people. I believe, and all istbestions lows cur
Irmed the conviction, that in that judgment we see not
mistaken ; and I will my this, speckled as I now do te an
onsembly not composed entirely of men of one political
party —I will my in the spirit of an Englishman—
fchess,l—that I am caesium' that If airetuselessell
should lead es • Asap is those who aidellibe
the affairs of the country, and that if the men W now ell
opposite to me, andare politically our unarm** Gam&
not personal* oar 0101102iea, should take the
pdrplarmtt
we now occupy, they would, both from thole
log. but more than all by the effect and pressure bf pukes
opinion in the country, pursue a coarse much the NNW AN
140 which we are °undoes pursuing. I may it not
to their disparagement, bet to their liowour, far
I hope and trust, maid behove, that the Mom
and interest of the country would be safe in
their hands. I do not it the use IWO tell you that I look
forward with any great or pertieular impagemse to 'the
moment when they will be put to that, which I trust wield
not be to them • severe trial. (Laughter and chasm) The
noble lord concluded, amid loud cheers, by again thanking
his fellow-citzens for the oompliment they had paid him.
and the cordiality with which they bad weird him.
Viriesis other torts followed, and the preemie. did
I not terminate until • late boar.

Al soon as bie lordship had inertia to the ante-doom
41( the City Hall, Gia, Oit Teensy, Mr, Dalglish,
ILE. ininulated Ma Um/ImM elerble WWI^ in miler
that he might present as sachem la behalf of the Mall.
plop&
Mr. Camera sahl—My Ind, this memorial =a adopted
at a kW Pala ruslig of 0" 0918,9107•11. oP4 1 hen
hem norm to read it, and present it :at lordship.
He thou reed es folio= :—" Unto the t Vis-
ion= Palmentas, kw Majesty's Prime. of Mats.
the memorial of the unemployed =Cs: Glizsow alto
public meeting assembled, 24th 1883. resportfully
absereth, 1. Tleatnamemialistehavellein
re
thevartoge =endow commend wig*, el eon.
ton fabrics a= other branches of skilled and labour.
2. That many of your lordehip's memorialists ban faml-
lies, wends, and ether °Mauves, yeses and old, diurnal=
on them for support and Macaneq whisk meseoriends
deeply deplore they are tingle to enmity in °misquote of
the =Ken fader= being co alert time oralether dosed.
3. That memorialists bare been for mime awns depeeding.
on a small ;intones doled out to them from robe:2loWe'
obtained from the wealthy and cheetah, of their fellow-
citizens and ether, the avenge eniesel of whisk is dab
lee. 3d. for each man. wean& sad Mild weekly, and with
this sum it is expected to procure food, clothing, sad
bat which I. totally inadequate to sushi them in •
condition. 4. That by the peer law of fisoliandall
persona out of employment are emendated " =Maws,
therefore memorialists do not receive half se rue sureent
as the =employed working clamor el laamiebe end situ
planes in England. 5. That your leedshigle
feel deeply degraded by being treated worse la •
are the paupers, or even the Inoue el the
ressoriabsts ars able and most MEOWS to L AP
work at such occupations as will yield than wao
a moderate subsistence and educate their 1/DW
left to grow up in igeonnos. 6. That your me-
morialists, as citizens of this country, to wholes greatuans
and wealth they have contributed by their labour
end skill, feel that they him, by the laws at
name, a right to live by their labour, and br the
principles of justice to be fairly represented in the Home
of Commons ; and therefore it is the duty al the raVillh
meet sad the loginstare to adopt inessinne or them per.
poses. 7. That while per lordship's memerialide have no
wish to dictate the immediate mesons the government
and leginateini sheeld adopt for the loaf cd year memo-
realists, and is future as far as pomade menet eignier
periodic stageatioes which are gun to follow en over-
stocked labour =net, messonalists wadi Most raped-
fully submit to your lordship as the prise minister of
Greet Britain and Ireland, the necessity of amending the
Poor-law of Scotland by seising • t employment
ea* and also for the purpose d• to say of the
dominions Winging to her Majesty. & That seek em-
ployment, ensigratioo, and colonisation late should be
mind co a ern ar priocipn to that el the loco=
tax, and be under the oottrel and measestmet of a
board of commissioners chosen by the netimayemaad
supervised by the government ; that seek head shodd be
empowered to pureness land at home set shred, for the
purpose of cleans& ontivating, and improviag it ; also to
erect suitable dwellings, workshops, factories, Khans. and
pies el wean= for the coirmies—the °anal oil which to
be Wanda by it. menthes le the board of supervision, and
Quimby increase the mains for further extending reproduo-
tire =plummet, and Imam bunion on the ratepayers. 9.
That inemodnisty b emensioe, beg to express their
oaoddesos in your loedship's desire to do all in your power
to alleviate the distress sad misery whin your
nogg with others of her Majesty's miller* an sow suffer
lag from no fault of their mrs, sad therefore reeneenelly
solicit that your lordship will, at your earliest coo
give the statement of facts and suggestions contained la
enesnerad your lordship's early sad termini= comidendimi.
And, as in duty bound, your memorialist' will ever may."

Led Pammsron, US reply, remarked—l need ant ray
that the coadition of a portion of the inluattants of ado
city which is represented by this =UMW h a meat et
very great regret to her Majesty's goverment. WWI re-
gard to theme= best adapted to apply a needy to that
charm, I asa sere that you will teal that it has been a
matter of grave consideration. It would be impartible for

meta say more to you than that this memorial will be read
with all the attention which it oo eminently deeervas.

The deputation then withdrew, and another, consisting of
John Liddel and Alex. Crawford, from Pollokahaws, was
Introduced to present a memorial from the cotton opera-
tins of Pollekshews. Gbawford was shout to read the
dormant, when Mr. Dalglish suggested that it would be
better if he would merely leave it with his lordship. Tha
noble viscount, however, requested Mr. Crawford, not-
withstanding that he appeared extremely fatigued, to read
it.
Mr. Caawroan aceordingly read as follows :—" Unto the
Bight HoisouraWe Virtuosi Palmerton, K.G. First Lad
of the Treasury. the humble memorial of the Cotton opera-
tives and other inhabitants of the Burgh of PoLlekshaws,
in public reeetiog 'rambled, showeth that the hough of
Polloluilsaws has a population of 8,000 almost entirely.de•
pedant On cotton manufactures, and, like other places simi-
larly circumstanced, is bas suffered severely from the failure
of the supply of cotton aid the resequent stoppage, wholly
or partially, of numerous public works within the burgh.
That the memorialiate, While gratefully acknowledging the
arms adopted to relieve the necessities of the cotton
operdivrare:d opinion that in the at crisis substantial
permanent relief can only be found through emigration to
her Maiesty's colonies, where tree Is an ever increasing do-
tard fur labour, and where by settlement on unappro-
priated land, the cotton operative may, by hie labour, re-
serve his independence and improve his social portion.
That the aremoriahrs are altogether disinclined to look for

costumed relief to public ben-iivolence, however generously
or liberally contributed; they would still more deprecate
seeking for relief from parochial funds ; they would
Prefer to maintain by their industry • spirit of
independence which boa hitherto characterised the
people of Scotland. That the memorialists hum-
bly submit to your lordship that her Majesty's
government would consider the large oontributicas
made by Scotland to the national revenue, and supply to
some extent the means to molls the usemployed entice
operatives in Scotland to emigrate ; bat until emigration
mw be elected, the memonaliata humbly conceive that
• part of the national funds might be justly appropriated
for the =lad of the existing gamest dietivis • but they
would leave the matter entirely in the heeds of your lad,
ship, believing that your lordship and other members of
government are actively alive to their &threw, and are
sincemly desirous to adopt any properineathre for itsallevia-
timi and removal. The memorialise would respectf ally offer
to your lordship the homage of their great respect for your
lordship's high personal obarnisier end Megtheeed and im-
portant puUse eerviom, sad we beg to express to your lord-
ship the great satisfaction which your present visit to Scot-
land hes given to the humbler classes. May it, therefore,
please your lordship to direct the attention of ►er Majesty's
government to such measures as to you may seem just and
proper for the removal of the existing distress in the cotton
maanfacturiag chstriete.—And your memorialists will ever
pray.—Signed by W. 111.11DHI, Provost of roUokshaws."
Lord FALMMTON, in acknowledging the memorial, said
can only give the same answer to thia memorial that I
pee to the other. The questioss presented in it include
many points far Onellidientinil, and oae asnsot give as
answer at asses. All that I oaa say is that I feel very deeply
for the dietrese which u promoted in this petition.
The depetatios thee withdrew.

Tax LIVERNX/ L AND LONDON STIPKNDTART
KaolersxVis.—At the meeting of the Liverpool Towu
Ocaumil yesterday, after it bad heed decided to haeseme
the ahoy of M. Mafflea, the preempt Liverpool stipendiary
magietiate, from 1,0001. to 1,200/.. Mr. Robertaoo filekletone
(loather of Kr. W. E. Gladetess, MX.) &tingled to the system
I al mem the Load= otAgistratee from the masomal tape,
and denounced it am .. a crime, a shame, sod a dim/ram" to
tax the tea. sugar. mid coffee of the general public is order
to provide footle which should be furnished by NM rate.
Ipayers of the district.
i vs.,. lb.
tea with.,:irthil..zu teews r ou tits le
ee es zit;
7
:amp. Mid km Packet bf 9.280 spiala—ladvertleemeat.l

SPECIAL NOTICK—TO 01CCTLIKEN.
IVIRMILES (Alfred Webb Hiles), 73, Brook-
.trest, maDover4Quare. L prepared to wenn for pultle
approval all the
NNW TROUSERS ?AMENS
for Spring and summer wear, which will be found to greater
variety sod better than ever. The oesthutal remark of PLUS-
mem te their heeds te, Why pay none than Ite. for your
gasser beam
EVERYBODYs KNOWS Mr. MILES removed from Seed-
street to ISSN

HARMONIUMS.-NEW MODEL.
CRAM= MALL sad WOOD, 101, Pagest•sireat

ght el:Preoo#

TO Cp*RESPONDIII7S.,

Avail womb Inoinidii for " TVs 11111;;; " tweeloa IMAM
~r..rt baw:,
ptijoripowie. Bouverlowino; by Two

LYCII73I.
On RUM YonnaT, A WIDOW; AITACE. Mews. Shore and
7/14dicomb ; Was Hamada sad Mn.s Lao.—Aad THR UU CRS
MOITO. Wain. Isokter, norm Brougham. and Raymond ,
Mamma C. Lariat% I. Tarry, and Ihmorthr.

HAYMARKET.
Om UNIX MOIDAY, MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING.
Mews. Howe, Compton. TUMID Mendsmes Angel. Terry. Ac.
BUCKSTONS AT HONE; sad BORROWING A HUSBAND.
Has Hula Han%

BRITAWNLIL
TM STAMM TEL 00171111 k OF LYONS. Nears
1041 Bird, and Donainand ; Mn. TansoId.—JEANNIE
1114 Yr. Bigwood and Mn. B. Lem.—And THE =TUBE
OF THE WANWLIAB. Mr. and ilia. Crauford.

HIGH WA AT WIDOW BAUM.
TON DAT —Nos Oh. 64a.....A110r00m.
104.011i0V—*Ubh& th. Ma— . ••hlOomoolo• is 406‘

LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 2

Ir would be curious to ascertain from some
authentic source how often crimes perpetrated by
several persons remain unpunished because none
of those engaged will betray their comrades. It
requires no common daring, we should think, to
commit a burglary, or to plan and execute a suc-
cessful murder, and therefore it is not surprising
to find that those who are found guilty of such
offences are, almost without exception, men who
have had long experience in such enterprises. The
selection of fit men to do such deeds cannot be an
easy task, but the selection of men who, in
Othello's phrase, will play the part of "honour-
" able murderers —who if they are appre-
hended will not betray their comrades to
screen themselves—would seem to be a
task even more difficult. Personal revenge is
comparatively • rare motive to murder, and even
when it is the motive, the crime is committed by a
single individual. Cupidity and avarice are the
passions which generally induce men to conspire
against their fellow-creatures ; but as the desire of
life is always stronger than the desire of wealth, it
is singular that a number of conspirators, after
being arrested, should ever remain true to each
other. If all remain silent, no doubt all have a
chance of escape. If any one of them turns
approver, that chance is infinitely diminished,
whilst the approver himself is saved. The
wonder is that approvers should ever be wanting.
The man who will murder his fellow-creature for
the sake of a few pounds, and will at the same time
stick to his comrade in the crime from a sense of
honour, is a marvellous anomaly.
These reflections have been suggested by a cam
which has just been tried by Mr. Baron Msarrx
at Liverpool. It seems that during the month of
November last year a certain ANN/ WALNE was
living in a lonely house near Ribchester. She was
79 years of age—and besides following the bun-
nem of a small farmer, kept • beer-house.
Living entirely alone, and having the reputation of
being eccentric and penurious, she was of course
supposed to possess a considerable sum of money,
which it was said she kept concealed in her bed.
A few days before the 10th of November she had
disposed of a cow, in order, as it was supposed, to
meat her rent, and the produce of the sale was
probably in the house. About 8 o'clock on that
evening Mrs. WALNI was seen by the man who
need to tend her cattle standing at her door. They
exchanged salutations. He heard her bolt the
door, but be never again saw her alive. The same
man came next morning. The barn door was open.
He knocked at the house door. No one answered,
but on going round he found that the window
had been taken out and stood 'against the wall.
Upon entering through the window frame there lay
the old women dead. She was nearly stripped.
Both her hands were fastened to the bedposts.
One handkerchief was tied tight round the neck,
and there was another between her lips. The
head was cut, the nose was broken, and the face
bruised. It was obvious that the poor woman's
house had been broken into, and that ehe had
been murdered. The house itself was in confu-
sion. The door of the old clock was open, and
the hand pointed to seven minutes put 2, as if
some robber had been searching it for money
about that time and bad touched the pendulum.
Moreover, inside the window, which had been rr
moved, there were marks which showed that
matches had been struck against the wall. In
abort, there was ample proof of a burglary and •
murder. But who had done it
It is somewhat remarkable that until a game-
keeper, BOWLING, told his story to the inspector
of polio., little if any suspicion attached to the
men who have just been convicted. But if
Bowtixo is to be believed, one of these men,
M`Pasir., volunteered the confession that he had
taken part in the murder, mentioned the names of
his companions, and when BOWLING asked him
why he could not have taken the old woman's
money without murdering her, be replied that

" the old devil should here told us where her

" money was." No motive is assigned for M'Prun.
volunteering this statement, and therefore it might
have been difficult to obtain a conviction upon
Bowuno's evidence alone. But fortune.ely for
public justice, another of the men, ELLZTLIY, re-
solved to betray his friends. He told the
whole story of the murder, and his story
was corroborated in several important particulars.
According to Hairrur's account, about a week
before the fatal night, M'Pasit, made the propose.
They were to be joined by Geoaos Wool*, a dis-
charged soldier, and Deem. Cass, woo died sod-
denly • few days ago in prison of heart disease.
M`Pairt was a hawker, and had aacettained from
Mrs. Wits& that elle had sold her cow to make
up the rent. M'Pasm., being "fast for money,"
was resolved to have it. Matters were arranged.
Twice the scheme failed. At length, on Monday,
the 10th of November, the four—Whim, Cent,
WOODS, and HAZTLIY—met at Salford-br'dge.
One bad a stick with lead and • crowbar, another
bad a stick, M`Pitan. himself had •
dark lantern and a pistol. The men
proceeded towards the old woman's house.
From 8 until 12 they remained in • barn,
and thence went to Mrs. W.tuir's barn. There
they lay down in the hay. Presently M 'FRAIL
said, " It's time to begin." He went out.
HAIRTLrf wee left to watch. The others took out
the window. This done, the four entered, struck
• light, seized the old woman, and asked her
where her money was. Instead of answering
else screamed, and to stop the noise they beat
her about the head, and finally left her
tied to the bedpost. The house was searched,
and the sum of 401., partly in gold and portly in

silver, was carried off. They took *A roar",
Preston, threw away their weapon% ayd dirtily&
the spoiL Then they went into a publialionee,
had something to drink, and finally took the rail-
way, and got out at what is called Cherry Tree
Station.
Such was the story told by HARTLEY. It was
confirmed by the facts that the four men knew
each other before, and were seen in company on
the night and morning in question ' - that they
were identified as having been at the railway sta-
tion mentioned, and that they were in possession
of money, which they are described as having spent
freely at public-houses in the neighbourhood. But
besides this, the man HARTLEY having pointed out
the place where the crowbar and the pistol had
been thrown, both of these weapons were recovered.
Under the circumstances it is difficult to doubt that
11.sicrixv told the truth. But at the same time,
if that man had remained silent, it is equally diffi-
cult to suppose that either HARTLZY or his com-
rades would have been convicted.