The Express.
London, England, 1862-04-16 00:00:00

CITY SEWERS COMMISSION.

At the weekly meeting of the Commissioners of
Sewers, held yesterday, Mr. De dewier in the chair, Dr.
Letheby presented his quarterly report on the sanitary con-
dition of the City, which stated that in the winter quarter,
which has just expired, there were 806 births and 7139 deaths
in the City. Both of these numbers Sr. below the average
for the corresponding quarters of the lut ten years. The
births, indeed, have declined from 919 to 805, and the
deaths from 840 to 769. As usual„ the largest amount of
this reduction has been found in the central division of the
City. 284 or about 37 per cent, of all the deaths were
among children of ►ess than five years of age, and 198
or rather inure than 24 per cent among old persons of
80 and upwards. These are nearly in the proportion
of former years ; and ae usual, the largest mortality
of children has been in the Bantam IJoion ; there
it has amounted to 45 per cent. of all the deaths ;
whereas in the Western Uuion, with a popula-
tion almost as dense, it has been only 33 per cent
Of the canoes of death the largest proportion is set down to
inflammatory affections of the lungs, as pneumonia and
bronchitis, which have occasioned about 22 per cent.; the
mortality has been chiefly among infanta, showing how,
with a tittle care, the high mortality of children might be
prevented.

BOARD OF THAD; WHITEHALL, APRIL 15.—The
Right Honourald• the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade have reoeived from the Secretary of Slats
for F Affairs • copy of • despatch from her Majesty's
am or at St. Petersburg, enclosing • copy Of •
Rummies Imperial decree abolishing, for a petted of six ”ars,
the import duties on detached pious of agricultural impale.
moots Imported into southern ports, such as plZsessoZ
earth boards, retain, the teeth of weeding m
scanders, and cut iron wheels for wheel barrows; and Axing
the import duty on iron shovels, ram, rakes, Pickaxes, and
pitchforks, at 50copeas per pond ( lbs avoirdupois). —Oarette.
PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT Bosun'.
—Names cd candidates who pared the Major Examination,
April 15th, as Pharmaceutical Chemists. —Robert Aviles,
Clapham ; John A. Knights, Norwich ; Henry J. POIXIOD,
Lanai j Robert G. Sampson, London ; Thomas J. Walkin-
toe, Teat; ; Stephen Wtllsher, Tenterden.
UsYstror. Poioos. ONR SHILLING DAT.
TUESDAY, Ana 11.—Admiericms on payment, 648 ; ditto
by moon tickets, 576—total, 1,174.

AlefERIbA.
Per Americo, by toletrosh from New York to Helifu, and
rift O

Qeseastovre.
NEW YORK, Aran. 3, Evzsaro.
General Banks's column oontinnes to advance,
and has reached Edenburg. The Confederates are
retreating and destroying all the bridges behind
them.

The Baninsore American states that there is no
doubt that the Merrimac is thoroughly prepared
and ready for another expedition. The delay in
the Merrimac's coming out is believed to be that
she is waiting for ammunition for the heavy guns
which have been placed on board, and also for
some infernal machines constructed by Professor
Maury.
The Oonfederste steamers Jamestown and York-
town are being more thoroughly iron-clad- to au-
company the Merrimac-
. The shots from the Monitor are represepted to
be the only ones that injured the Merrimac. Then
shots were thrown coder the shield of the Merri-
mac at the time she attempted to run the Monitor,
down.
It is reported that two other steamers are being
iron-clad at Riebmona, to accompany the Merrimac.
Refugees from Charleston report that a panic Las
prevailed there since the capture of Newborn, and
that women and children were leaving the. ci ity
was expected that the Federate won* fitrits. is
..„
blow there.
Commodore Dupont offitillThrtainets
from Port Royal :
The Confederates hive shad „Wthiii
Wise on Skiiiikwey end Otteigallilliai heel=
tide gees to 'dem them newer ilmwened..
meat of these batteries gives so geggglate contreled,Werearr
sad Gen= fkoads, sad of lit-mouths of Vines sad.
Wlli=ton Rivera, which form important approaches to
fts
The New York 2'imea affirms that there is no
doubt that active operations against New Orleans
have commenced, as a despatch published in the
Charleston papers, dated New Orleans, 20th, an.
seances that two Pedaled gunboats oommsadsd on
the 28th an attack on Fort Jackson, sousettistence
'above the bead of the posses. ,
The Washington correspondent of the mane jour-
nal says it is stated that General Besmears= has
resigned declining to serve underGeneralFrionont.
The !I.w York World &anemone that all mere-
spondenta connected with the army are ordered to
MO= by theßecretary of Wan, and int prohibited
from remaining =dears penalty of arrest and im-
prisonment.
Accesding to the Richmond papers near 100
Federal traneports and other veegel,, are in Hatup-'
ton React, and a large number of Federal, troops
have recently been landed in that vicinity.
The Journal of Commerce announces that the,
Confederate generele Johnston and Lee are en-
trenching themselves on the Rappahannock with
a force estimated at 160,000 to 180,000 men, sad
they ere also believed to be throwing up works on
the Rapidan, "The position thus chosen by the
Confederate army in Virginia is favourable to de-
fensive warfare, being rugged and homily timbered."
The Federal generul Miodonnell is watching them
cm) one aide and M'Clellan on the other.
General Burnside's expedition will, it is expected,
storm Fort Macon as soon as reinforcements arrive.
The Cohfederatei have strongly fortified Geld-
borough.
The New York Awning Port, referring to the
fact of the Senate having peered the bill for co-
operation with States to abolish slavery, says :
At present the relations of the Federal sr to slavery
are simply advisory. The President sadCmgew merely
express a determination to moist in the extinction of
slavery whenever the States may initiate the wham. But
under the sdvies there is dee a weenie& while there is yet
`Mae, in remove the come la a poseeilikrway. - The re.
Torment intimates that it would be douse end that it will
do all that it can to lessen the incideetal evils of the transi-
tion to loyal men who may meet with losses or make
sacrifices. It does not, however, conceal the fact
that the time may oome when the exigencies of
war will so longer leave so either party a choice. if the
nide peolut la their wicked revolt, if they coetinne to M-
ast the nation the hordes and suasings al a pro-
tsasssi ver, sunned public sense will desiend a more sum-
mary tnaireent of their case then it has yet found. It is
idle to imagine that tliseople of this country will much
longer endure a war w io defence of en inditution which
they hate, that they • see their eons wasting away in the
pestilential climate of the South, their property used up in
the expenses of a large military estabhshment, and their
business exposed to the irritations and grievances of era-
dicated tax levies, for the mike of an odious system. They
1 Lime thus Ur been forbearing, they have not desired to pre-
cipdate evade, but their patience will not hist for ever.
In reply to a communication from Governor
I Johnson, of Tennessee, requiring the municipality
of Nashville to take the oath of allegiance to the
United States, the City officials replied :—" We
respectfully ask to be excused from taking the oath
sent us, honestly believing that under the constitu-
tion and the charter, we are not properly subject to
such requirement, and believing that the same was
made of us under a misapprehension of what was
required of us heretofore."
The President of the New York Chamber of Com-
merce has sent the following letter to Mr. John
Bright.
It has been a matter of surprise in this country that the
attitude of the Federal government towards the rebel States
was so little understood in Great Britain, that public feeling
there should have been so extensively enlisted in favour of
causeless winked rebellion against a most beneficent govern-
ment, and in favour, too, of a Confederacy based on the
institution of slavery, which has been justlyyded as
the reproach of our republic. To have irow en ebb
end fearless eddiedte under such circumstances was a pri-
vilege which we mince too fully appreciate, or acknowledge
with sufficient warmth. The repent *mousse of the Unite
arms, and the well-organised strength of the Federal forces,
warrant the expectation that the rebellion will soon be
crushed. With the return of poem we shall witness return-
ing prosperity, and this ration will ever remember with
gratitude the noble advocacy of our cause which you have
had the firmness and courage to maintain in the face of
public prejudice and ministerial opposition.
Mr. William Slade has been appointed consul to
Nice.

The Chung() Tribune says :
The Southern journals state that Jefferson Davis in secret
session had advised the Confederate Congress that the pri-
soner released by the Federal government upon parole
should be absolved from their oath, and allowed to take
part in the approaching struggle fur independence. He
urged it as a retaliation for the infamous and residue
breach of faith committed by President Lincoln is the ex-
change of prisoners.
Generals Vail Dorn and Jefferson Thompson are
concentrating a large force at Pocahontas, Arkansas,
preparatory to au attack upon the Federala at New
Madrid.
In Mississippi the planters were piling their
cotton ready for firing.
According to a despatch from New Orleans, the
Confederate steamer Vanderbilt has foundered at
sea with all on board.
The ladies of Charleston are contributing jewels,
silver spoons, watches, and money towards building
a gunboat.
A portion of General Banks's corps d'arm4e has
arrived at Manassas, after a tedious march from
Winchester. During their march they encoun-
tered no portion of the Confederate forces.
The New York journals publish letters from Port
Royal, stating that the Federal expeditions had
found a wide-spread Union feeling iu all the park
of Florida which they had occupied.
The Confederates have sunk the celebrated
yacht America in St. John's River, Florida.
In reply to a resolution of the Senate, calling for
General Mansfield's official report concerning the
engagement between the Monitor and Merrimac,
the Senate has been informed that it is inconsistent
with the public interest at present to furnish the
document.

The Senate has passed a bill for the relief of the
Danish barque Jorgen Lorentzen, which had been
illegally seized.
The ship Samuel Russell has arrived at New
York, and reports that on the 23rd of January, in
Lt. 19.20, lon. 72.40 E., abe boarded the Bntish
barque Flora Hastings, from Houlmien, The Flora

Hastings had, to all appearances, been abandoned,
and the crew. taken off hi some rasing_ vessel.
The Samuel Russell took from the Flora
the captain's writing desk and papers, which are in
New York at his disposal.
WASHINGTON, MARCH M.
In yesterday's sitting of the Senate, resolutions
from the Legislature of Maine were presented in
favour of the President's emancipation policy. The
bill for the abolition of slavery in the district of
Coliimbia wag taken up, and Mr. Sumner, of Mas-
sachusetts, addressed the Senate In favour of its
passing. At the conclusion of his speech the bill
was postponed until to-day, and the Senate, after
an executive session, adjourned.
In the House, the Senate Bill, remitting duties on
arms imported by States, wag passed.

fft. LOUIS, Maws 31.
General Curtis bas issued the following special
order, dated " Read-quarbies of the Anny of the
South-weet, Marsh 98 ?'
Charles Morton, BlZlgitell Kennedy, and Alexander
Leer* coloured asu, formerly slaves employed to the rebel
wok" and takes ea astralmsd of war, are hereby roods-
sated, aod, lot Wag seeded for the public service, are
permitted to pass the plekole of this command art►wad
without let or hindranm, and ere for ever emancipated from
the service of their swolem, who allowed them to aid a the
efforts to break up the premessmirt and laws of our comstry.

INKA SWOT lA.
HALIFAX. Aram 4.
The airsantio M.% arrived hero at 41p.a.. to-
-4•60
nsiderabls exeitegiest dill exists as to tie tats
of the Howe' overnmenr, -Tut their supporters are
maittullintbs4 the brisis is dyer and that the 'wows-
went will be sustained.

• The Governor has assented to s Revenue Bill
(cominginto operation on the let April, for one r),
the Gold )lining Bill, and the Bill Tor the incorpera-
' tion and winding up of Joint Stock Conipanies..This
lad-nsismil act provides that five or mow peessos,
baviag obeyed pre scribed forma and paid up 26 per
oent. of nominal capital, may register them/mires
as incorporated until the year 6 ; init not for
banking, insurance, or ormunere purposet. •
' Immigration has already co inenced 1;5 the
various gold mines, especially to Sherbrook,
is at present the favourite locality.
General Doyle is about to visit Bermuda on: a
tour of inspection.
The transport steamer Adelaide, from St. John's,
New Brunswick, arrived at Halifax on the 61st of
March.
Dates from Prince Edward's Island are to the
28th of March. The House of Assembly had de-
bated on the Land Commissioners' award, and
finally reecdved, by a vote of 23 against 6, to
confirm it in all its provisions. It had also resolved
that the qualifications of electors should be 1001.
freehold or leasehold ; and of a candidate, live
years' residence in the colony.
The hoariest snowstorm had occurred at Prince
Edward's Island that had been experienced for the
last 20 years.

The Owe/island Guardian publishes the following
aumntary of news for England :

BRISBANE, FIX 15.

The government have &Lindy acted on the bill weed last
month to prevent the introduction of pleuropneumonis.
A proclamation has been iasped forbidding the importation
of any tattle without a certificate of health from one of
the colonial inspectors This bas had uo effect on prices.
The simultaneous arrival of three large immigrant vessels,
on the 29th January, added to our population more than •
thousand mule. The manes of the ships were JOSllit, Mono,
from Gravesend ; Saldanba, from Loudon ; and Cesar
Godeffroy, from Hamburg. A fine lot of people, and
needy all ewged.
Waiter of Lands sad Werke, Mr. Gan, oil op-
W,41,0w his constituents for re-election, was defeated by •
new man, a Dublin barrister, Mr. J. Gore Jones. This is
the first real shock the government have ever received. Mr.
Gore will probably have to go into the Upper House.
Mr. Herbert, the Chief Secretary, is away on a tour
through the country districts. on • neat* his constituency.
Parliament will meet April 29th.
The Woolloomooloo sailed with • full cargo of wool for
London January 27. The stores are overloaded with wool
waiting for shipment.
The cotton companies are proceeding satisfactorily ; crops
now in flower and looking very well.
The ship Wendell and the huge(' George Kidd are loading
for London.

FRANCE.

The DEbate of yesterday says :

The Patric is pleased to avert that the recent debate in
the English parliament has not advanced the Roman ques-
tion an inch, and that, after the debate, as before it, Italy
tlods that she has to content herself with only " the moral
support of England." True, alas ! The Patrie is right ;
now, as heretofore, Italy can count only upon the moral sup.
port of England ; &be asks nothing more ; she can expect
nothing more, for it is not to the English parliament
that it belongs to salve the Roman question. The Patric
sought to know that the knot of the question is
elsewhere. But we cannot participate in the disdain which
the Paine asserts for that moral support which England, by
the mouths of her most illustrious and popular statesmen,
has now for the twentieth time accorded to the diuse of
Italian independence. Far from it, we are ocovineed that
the eloquent protested Mr. Gladstone and Lord Palmerston
will ring through Europe with a mighty resonance, which
will contribute more eflicaciona!y than the despatch of a
fleet or an army to the solution of the Roman question.
" The Roman question is a moral question, which can only
be solved by moral means." Such, it is well known, is
the principle of the policy inaugurated by M. de Cavour,
and accepted and sagely tiontinued by his suc-
cessors. Well, then, it is in this muse and in
this way that those weighty manifestationsof the sym-
pathy which the English people feels for the Italian cause
will, as we believe, exercise a great and salutary influence
upon public opinion ; it is in this sense and in this way that
the English statesmen appear to us to afford the statesmen
of Italy a potent and precious co-operation. And this is
why the speeches of Lord Palmerston are for us, pare the
Petrie, something else than "sonorous words :" they will
produce their natural effort in aiding the Italian nation and
its government to solve a moral question by moral means.
A Paris letter of the 13th, in the ./Cord, says :
The Lavalette affair is decidedly approaching an arrange-
ment. I can communicate details concerning it which I
have from a very sure source. Id. de Lavalette will not
rehire to Rome, except upon the express, condition that
AL de Goyon shall oome back to France. The Emperor,
therefore, to put rn end toe state of things which, if pro-
longed, might have deplorable consequences, has resolved
to recall the general to Paris, whilst still permitting Lim to
retain the title of commander of the troops in Rome, and
to provide a temporary substitute for him in the person of a
general, who will at all events not be General -Troche, as
was alleged. hi. de Lavalette will return then to Rome,
whore he renders the most efficient services to the French
government.

PHOII.PECTIVI RIVINUE OF Till UNITID STATE.
—The following are the particulars of the estimated revenue
to be derived from the I uited States Tax Bill, iris, from the
tax on malt liquors, 200,0001. ; spirit', 6,000,0001. ; licences,
600,0001. ; linseed, lard, &c., 1101,0004 • candles and soap,
300,0004 • petroleum and coal oil, 6410,0001. ; leaf tobacco,
1,000,000. • snuff and cigars, 600,0001. ; boots and shoes,
600,0001. ; frao hats, cape, bonnets, cloaks, shirts, umbrellas,
Ito., 400,0001. ; paper, 200,0001. ; from leather, 200,000/. ;
paints, ink, tic., 200,0001.; from coffee and spices, 100,0004 ;
starch, 106,0001. ; salt, 45,0001. ; sugar, 100,0001. ; gas,
200,0001. • rectified and adulterated spirits, wines, vinegar,
Sox, 200,0001.; from slaughtered cattle, 100,0001.; railroads,
ferries, steamboats, sod omnibuses, 1,930,000/. ' • watches
plate, carriages, pianofortes, and billiard-tables, 400,000/. ;
railroad bonds, 200,0004 ; banks, 160,00014 advertisemeets
400,0001. ; income duty,l,ooo,oool. ; stamp duty. 1,200,0001.;
patent mdico's, 300.0001. ; legades, dc., 200,0004 ; Wa-
nes, 240,000/. ; manufactures, 6,000,0001. Total from in-
ternal revenue, 20,525,0001. From direct taxes, 2,400,0001.
an 3 from imports, 10,000,0001. Aggregate total,
32,925,0001.
[Advertisement}-11mowAr's Prus.—All our
al ost all disorders of the human body are dia-
-1 riance'llytiT— in
o be t •Li to impure blood. The purification of
that fluid is the first step towards health. Holloway's Pills
recommend themselves to the attention of all sufferers: no
hilarious consequences can result from their use, no mistake can
I be made In their administration. In indigestion. confirmed
dyspepsia, and chronic constipation the moat beneficial effects
have been, and siwus must be obtained from the wholesome
power ezerted by these purifying Pills over the digestion. Per-
WWI, whose lives were a continued series of sufferings, have been
restored to eue, strength, and perfect health by Holloway's Pills
after the fruitless trial of the whole phannaeopmla of pbyite.