The Express.
London, England, 1852-02-12 00:00:00

TO TD■ EDITOR Of THE DAILY NET.

have read with unfeigned satisfaction your
excellent remarks, and the various letters which have ap-
peared in your popular and influential journal, against the
government project of calling out the militia. Your corre-
spondents, " A Freeman." and " A Christian Gentle-
man," express the positive feeling of the middle and work-
ing classes of the United Kingdom on this subject, and
unless some strange change comes " o'er the spirit" of my
mind, I am resolved to act in accordance with the determi-
nation of your latter correspondent, neither to serve in
the militia or to pay fur a substitute, and I call upon all
men of independent minds and moral dignity in the land
to register in their hearts a similar feeling. We are come
to a pretty peas, if, in the middle of the peaceful, prosperous,and enlightened nineteenth century, Englishmen are to be
compelled, coerced by law, to become fighting men. After
the spontaneous readiness which has been manifested in so
many quarters to join rifle clubs, is it not a government in-
sult to talk of compulsory means to raise a civil force
against the contingency of French aggression ?—this in the
teeth of the tact that we pay millions a year for an army
and navy to fight for us. Instead of enrolling a militia,
let the government assist in the universal establish-
meat of rifle clubs ; provide rifles at a low rate
and, if necessary, gratuitously. Such volunteer clubs
would become far more valuable and efficient than a body
of militia composed of unwilling citizens. I would just re-
mark, in closing this letter, that in the event of a militia
force being organised, men will grow reckless of business,
and innumerable homes will be rendered miserable.
Women of England, let me entreat you to petition Queen
Victoria against tearing your husbands, and brothers' and
fathers from your homes for the purpose of making them
militia men—soldiers, in fact, without their pay.
Once more, Sir, accept my cordial thanks for your noble
stand in this . matter
. _

Stepney, Feb.
11. Sir, your's very obediently,
AN ANTI-MILITIA MAN.

RIFLE CLUBS.

TO Tat TIMOR Or TRI TIMMS.
Six—Through your valuable medium I appeal
to the Lord Mayor and aldermen to grant the use of the
area of the late Fleet Prison, which, covered in and en-
closed with galvanised iron or some other bullet-proof sub-
stance, would form a most convenient and of
place for muster end practice. I will engage that two
thousand gentlemen would instantlycome forward and form
themselves into "The City Volunteer Rifle Corps," and
other clubs would be soon formed everywhere, on the
model which I propos* this dub should be. The club, by •
subscription ages guinea entrance, and halls guinea half-
yearly, would be able to make the Fleet a very suitable
place. All danger of stray shots would be avoided, and the
noise effectually drowned by the enclosure. All the ar-
rangements se to uniform, Me., could be settled in • very
short tint* by a eseueltear.—l an, Ac., A. B. C.

NZWICT AND Faginsinum RAILWAY.—The re-
portdirs=aj
of the tie he submitted to the proprietors at
the half-yearly ea the 17th inst., mates that the
accounts have helm d y audited ; that the receipts during
the half year amounted to 1,4171., and the payments to
6131. The former include a small loan from the bankers
of the company, which has enabled the directors to pay
off on the let of January the balance of 1,0001. due to
Mews. Walken and Co. This loan has since been repaid
out of interest received from the Newry and Warren-
point Company, and the directors consider it a matter of
congratulation that every admitted liability on the cum-
ronayrdu now discharged. An award had been made by the
of Trade in favour of the Ulster Company for a con
tribution on the part of this company of 3,9971. 7s. to-
wards the expense of altering their gauge; but the dire°.
tors had filed a bill against the 'Ulster Company to
set It aside, and the court, after hearing both parties,
granted an injunction restraining the Ulster Company
from recovering at law until the matter shall have been
finally determined by a court of equity. The court, how-
ever, made this injunction conditional on the payment
into court, on or before the Ist of March next, of the
amount In dispute, and under these circumstances the di-
rectors have been compelled to make a call of 10s. per share,
ad they trust the great urgency of the demand will induce
the shareholders to pay the same within the time limited
for that purpose. With reference to the contemplated ar-
rangement with the Dublin and Belfast Juncuoa Cosa-
pear, the directors regret to announce that, after a long and
anxious negotiation on the subject, they are unable to agree
to the terms proposed by the directors of that company.
The directors, therefore, recommend the shareholders to
await the result of other combinations of great importance,
which are now in progress. The accounts to Dec. 31 show
that 09,94.51. had been received, and 90,7431. expended,
leaving a balance of 9,2021., of which 8,0001. is invested in
debentures of the Newry and Warrenpoint Railway, bear-
ing 6 per cent. interest, and the remainder in cash at the
hanker's. The assets are estimated at 42,8421., all the claims
having been paid off and settled, with the exception of that
of the Ulster Company referred to above.
COLLISION ON TUE IttvErt.—On Tuesday evening,
about half-past six o'clock, the Harbinger, steatn.ship, for
the Cape of Good Hope, ran into and sunk the brig Resolu-
tion, Captain Billings, of Lynn, coal laden, off Nortbfieet,
craw saved. The Harbinger sailed yesterday afternoon
foe her destination, apparently without damage.

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY AND THEIR
CHARTER.

(bait Daily Nap.)
Loan JoIIN RUSSELL must lead the way for the
coming discussion upon that important subject—
, the form of government to be conferred upon our
Indian dominions after the term of the Company's
present act of incorporation has expired. More
rational counsels sway the cabinet than those which
dictated the silly averment made last year by Sir
JOHN CAM ROIIIIOUSF, that in existing circumstances
the act might be renewed as a mere IliJi ter of course.
The years 1852 and 1833 will be des oted to inves-
tigation, to debate, to reflection ; in 1854 India will
receive its new constitution.
We wish we could persuade ourselves that this
important inquiry will bo approached in a right
spirit; that it will be conducted %%Ali the dispassion-
ate temper, and comprehensive, Mittesniatilike views,
that are required to guide the national council to the
adoption of a safe and honourable policy. But wo
have our fears. On the one hand there will be the
barrow-mindedness of official routine, and its indo-
lent aversion to all change. Ott the other will be a
multiplicity of passionate private grievance*, of men
who have, it is true, justice on their side, but who are
too much in the habit of fancying that their own
peculiar cases are all that require attention. Amid
the clamour and contest of mere personal aims truth
will be of difficult attainment.
The great Indian question is not alone difficult and
complicated in itself. lhe remoteness of the scene of
action—the perplexed and complicati sl state of society
—the unreasoning and passionate eagerness; with
which all the parties concerned cling to and assert
their peculiar views, —are bewildering in the cxtrrme.
A great majority of the Legislative .satienittly which
will have to determine the future destinies of India
know nothing of the country ; nod, N% ihtt is worse,
are extremely indifferent übLut the mutter. They
have no standard by which they can test the value of
the utterly irreconcileable statements that will confi-
dently be made to them ; they entertain very inade-
quate notions of the importance of our Indian posses-
sions; they are precisely in that state of information,
and that frame of minJ, that will predirpose them
to regard the Indian question as one of those secon-
dary considerations which they may sacrifice to tho
maintenance of concert and ft tinnily union in their
respective party combinations.
Now it cannot be too often, or too earnestly, im-
pressed on the public mind that our Indian don&
ideas are an essential element of our national power.
Whether the people of this country, individually
considered, are wealthier or happier on account of
the possession of India,—is a speculative question on
which theorists may plausibly maintain diametri-
cally opposite opinions. But apart altogether from
the consideration of the rich field which India opens
to our commerce and the gicit doubts that may lie
entertained whether that commerce would be equally
sate and equally extensive were tic people of laths
left to themselves or to the domination of some other
foreign power or powers,—it is undeniable that our
Indian government has afforded opportunities of
developing talent both in the visit and military ser-
vice by which this country has largely bettetited;
that tio inconsiderable portion of our middle and
upper classes arc indebted to Indian employments
for competence or wealth; that our possession
of India contributed to strengthen its for that
protracted and for some time single•handed s'ruggle
against Europe banded in hostile array against
us, out of which we issued triumphant in
1815, but of which the sears are still mani-
fest and green. The loss of India would cripple
our resources and abridge our power; and at
this moment, when the bay inlet and the caution reign
supreme in Russia, Germany, Italy, and France—
when the sole hope of constitutional freedom in
Europe, the last asylum of European liberty is to be
found in England—and when America, however
ardent in the cause, is distant and better fitted for a
defensive struggle than for carrying aid to foreigners
—what patriot, what lover of his kind could bear to
see the power and prestige of England become less?
And be it also kept in mind that if India is to con-
tinue an element of English power, it must continuo
not only subject to British rule but prosperous in
itself. An impoverished and discontented India
would be a drag-weight on this country,—not a
source of strength.
To many we may appear to dwell, in these re-
marks, with exaggerated emphasis upon a mere com-
monplace. It is not so. We are convinced that upon
the continued ascendancy of the liberal party depends
the prosperity and power of Englund. But we cannot
conceal from ourselves that a large nnd estimable
portion of the liberal party. are apt to approach
questions of this kind with inathquate information,
and a dogmatic assertion of mere abstract theories.
Exeter Hall, and no inconsiderable number of the
liberals, are but too ready to sacrifice all other
considerations,—the one to their vague impulses of
benevolence, the other to their sense of the necessity
of liberating commerce from everything said to
be like shackle or impediment. They persuade
themselves that the complicated questions of
motional policy may be determined on the same
Sigh
_principles as mere domestic considera-
tion. They are rash in proportion to the tiler-
11111111111M of their views. Liberal statesmen cannot
ailed to dispense with the support and co-operation
et than honest and well-meaning allies, but liberal
elateumen are often hampered by their dogmatism.
This is not flattering but where great national
interests are at stake flattery is base cowardice.
The classes to whom we are adverting are ex-
tremely liable to be made the dupes and uneon-
maim Instruments of selfish and designing men.
Onside who have not had the promotion they fancy
their deserts entitle them to, or who have been
punished for misconduct, appeal to their generosity;
speculators, who have same job to promote, affect to
love in view the promotion of their benevolent aspi-
rations, or their sound views of commercial policy.
Imperfectly informed, they dream they are co-
operating is obtaining justice for the injured, or
easeseipating the enslaved, and only discover, when
ten late, that they have been weakening n
authority, and abetting the selfish aims of pelcaeuTbrre
jugglers. And such mistakes have too often the
idect of drawing many whose principles and views
as. sound, into the ranks of superstitious and selfish
easservatiam of all abuses. The Tory triumphs
berme the liberal has not time to be well-informed.
Owe thing is certain, that India must be governed
V a liberal spirit, and with respect for local opinion.
The last renewal of the company's lease of power
ionferred upon India a free and independent press.
Socha boon, once bestowed, cannot with safety be
withdrawn—even were it desirable. A spirit of inquiry
hem been awakened, which cannot be repressed. All
theme of European residents,and those independent of
the ment, have been materially increased in
austtier, and are daily augmenting—even the civil
and military servants of the company have contracted
a balk geanvaasing the policy of their rulers. The
railheads' of all denominations have established a
firm footing, and the obsolete idea of leaving native
superstitions unassailed can no ionger be realised.
The natives themselves have learned to reason and
assert their real or fancied rights—the Brahmin, the
Mussulman, the Parsee, arc all jealously on their
guard against the encroachments of power. The
remaining Princes cling tenaciously to their rem-
mats of privileges—the very ryots have learned
that they have rights. It is only upon a general
ammiction that even-handed justice is administered
to all, that a stable government can be based and
upheld in India.
On the other hand, Indian society is not ripe
tier self-government. That wide empire is in-
habited by an immense number of varied and
unamalgamating castes and races. The Joins,
the Juts, the Bengalese, the Tamed and Telinga
races, the hill tribes, the Sikhs,—all have their irre-
aoncileable distinctions. The Mahometans have not
forgotten that they were masters of India before the
Europeans gained the ascendancy. The domination
of the English, administering the comma affairs of
all upon pnneiplesof European equity, --and supported
by their numerous, disciplined,. and regularly paid
army,--is essential to the maintenance of law and
order in India. Were it withdrawn that country
would be a prey to miserable personal ambition and
anarchy.
But the dominions of the Anglo-Indian govern-
ment have outgrown in extent, and the social rela-
tions of their inhabitants have outgrown in com-
plexity, its narrow and imperfect organisation. The
general government is encumbered by the details of
the administration of one presidency, and its atten-
tion diverted from matters of general concern. Two
of the presidential governments are invested with

powers which hamper the free action of the general
government. And the presidencies are too =triune,
for the existing machinery of departmental adminis-
tration. Numerous abuses, too, have crept in or
been allowed to become inveterate. Both the civil
and military sere ices have been extensively corrupted
by faulty systems of appointment and promotion,
and by lax and negligent control. An alarming
rottenness pervade.* the whole fabric of Indian go-
vernment, and the cur must be bold, pervading, and
speedily administered.
An instinctive sense of the nature of the abuses
under which India labour's, and the dangers to which
it is exposed. have directed the mind, of men, though
not with sufficient distinctness of conception, to the
true remedies. Amongst the things talked of are
abeam* in the depositaries of supreme power; re-
distribution of the administmt'se districts; the
emancipation of the general local government
from mere departmental functions, and a change
in its place of residence; a rtsorganiaation of the
civil service; greater caution in the bestowal
of military commissions, and an improved dis-
cipline; extensive but cautious law reforms; in-
creased security of property, and a more liberal com-
mercial system; more respect fur native opinion, with-
out senile deference to native prejudices. All these
ameliorations. and many more, are urgently requi-
site. Bee 44 wary caution is needed to steer safely
between dangers w hich threaten from the most uppo-
• site quarters. British ascendancy cannot with safety
be diminished or weakened ; --the interference of the
home authorities must he restrained within narrow
limits, and yet the undue power of load functionaries
must steadily be kept in check; —uniformity in the laws
must be promoted. but without rash changes in local
customer—the whole system of finance must be re-
vised r—free *rope must be afforded to native talent
and legitimate ambition without favouring encroach-
ments by any caste or sect. The task of governing
well so extensive and populous an empire, with such
diversities and inequalities of civilisation, and with
the supreme authority located at an immense die-
tance—is one of unsurpassed and unprecedented
; hat one front which the people and legis-
lature a (treat II; itain cannot shrink without incur-
ring unsateruble disgrace and loss.
No more uced be- said to show the necessity of im-
mediately gripplitter with this herculean task, and
that in a spirit of caution and dieldence, but of
indomitable resolution.

THE socurry OF THE FRIENDS OF ITALY,
EXPLANATORY ADDREsR BY M. MAZZINI.

The first cuarerarnitime of the above society was
bold yesterday evening at the FreemArons* Tarere, Ore.st
n• in t, and err attended by rune hundreds of ladies
sad reo.lvieets. The great feature of attraction was an
•fitIMPIU.c mitt that M. Mazaisd would deliver a lecture
as the Ita.i.w qtnstism, with spend mferenae to the eon.
&hue of Lhn w and the puaiiion of this country at the
peach Coasioicaola I. the ex.ecably were the faces
of
many of that snatiensaa's cwontr)inen now roniknt in
1171116•1044 At right Welsch the (hair was taken by Mr.
Pinta Ton.on.

Thu ia opening the proceedings, ex-
mooed the ;demure which be tole in introducing fur the
ti's.-, .m teen a platform, and to the English public,
ern of whirs be might dot lore, thit the more this nation
beause ecumenic.' with Inns, the mons wit their
respect i.e.-mind, wt only for the cause which
le advocated, but for his peat inal conduct while
struggling lot it. (Chem.) Without 'enteritis to
mousse a prophetic chanter, he would mans his belief
that i• that great l'asthoo• of the future evicted fee men
who had strisguled fur • Noble mane in thir nettesst way, by
• life's& 'wino. none would *bind limber thug' Joseph
Measial. (land cheer+) Newer was such a necessity as
that MOM inventively called for. Never wee then • pi,
vial whew it was more incumbent on the airs and ON
wooers of England, cm all who had brains to think sad
Mart. to rest, It • sprar their allegiance to the great
cause of truth and freedom all over the world. (.. Hear,
hear" and eh. ere.) T.+ capers. their conviction that the
principle, of Imams were sot to be bound up within this
narrow sea-girt We, and that neither the honour nor the
freedom, neither the commercial properity nor the
poliheal existents of England would be oak unless the
people of England were prepared to protect this standard of
freedom, whototer SACTiticvs might be nacerary br that
end. (('hien.) From one end of Europe to the ether the
dart of di sioiti‘m reavion was &ratios sitrastraised.
- -••• • ---

M. MAZZINI, on rising, was rec,:ived with had mini-
holmium ul .empathy, which be arkaewledosil Y syru-
p/lat.. terms. Ile then proceeded to say that la segsogaeses
of heel...wing been mist. pretested on many poists. end of
bis being imal.le to .pal: English otherwise Mon_ eery Ism.
perfect y, he hot th.nyht it best to redoes Ildelliagglin to
Wilting, and at would now read what he hed purred to
the meeting. He then reed, amidst first out-
bursts ut applause. • lecture espiuttory his views,
and wh.ch occupied shoat an hear is delivery.
Ile divided the subject into three &tads. The two first
formed tl.e confession of the creed of the National Italian
&Met), and showed what they were not, sad what they
were ; the lest comprised the espeetations which hi-
shard in of co-operation on the part of this country.
were not minute, enhelievers, or sceptics, fur they
in God as drinly as they did in the final triumph of *tin
on Perth -they were not anarchists or destroyers of ales.
tbority, fur they thirsted for authority—nut the astiseity
of the despot, for that WSB • phantom, but the
autiority of the people. They were not tommehietit.
arity
bad no need of terror over • people whom asidarnif hal been
un•Linionsly recorded A re; shire eat no Piper They
were 0.4 esisomonnes, or levellers, or mairillein. es the MOM
Was used by system makers sad seciarmus is $ selplamorlog
country. They ignored each impotent esseeptiess es the
abolition of premwty, for that would lead to the abolition
of liberty; bat they were so far imbued with lie spirit
of SOCIS./411, that they would open wide the veil of
activity to all—that they would wish to think, Soil. eml
legislate fag themselves. and this cree el the; had siumed
up in a few words—. God and the people. M. Illagoin.i
then pr weeded to draw a pieta,: of palitiald essilitles of
Italy. WIC ia refereace to the celebrated pemphist of
Gladstone, an the state of affairs in Naples. sold that Wthe
writer went to sojourn in Italy, similar pees would hew
from his honestly-indignant, though inemistestly-ess-
@creative ago. He would sok were they—twenty-dee mil-
lions of Italims—to be doseeed for the sake of a Pope meat
emperor, to bat the Pariahs owl the Holum of nature ? Thu
they not catitled to • satiessi Yet. to • seined
and a nationelia? And whoa the mime 11=
they most re wiliest theme sips of Ifireney. were
they to submit w dhow • struggle ? That woe the
which tholteglish pm* were sidled ups to If
they answered to to iemsies, ties they were hewed to
afford help to these suenting hr freedom • ills *a sip
tire, tiro were they usweedry d hip peeq wild" thewed
their shores. But the WPM* WSW lento& at last ren
honest streak, semishied by Providesse, sod whelk he
said this he spite the imemaissesido seesintio• of Whim,
whose watch-wed wen =is same srpshilles
was so orreetel. hot isisompes esuld pus
free" town to town in Italy with nearly the sup mcurity
which pewits were Warded in tkis tree esswiry. And so
to the pert which Engird elessid play. Ilhe shoshifir
the Italia* peeps
_bet seed help—byshellestig
came le her es soll eimewie—.she shesid give
bee pertississury help. by appesting to bee repreeen-
lathes, and thens to her etessemen, to take a
better view ef
he 's sini
eh ss ia Mama heilests
inert, threiding pilsel peuld relipese pel seepoonsl
!inwslest the wee ol
d. The yeiudgie ed Ps-
interventios, mil it wee • salute=adieree
•iolated ley doer* wpm; mad bowel=
to Ross. " Yes shell nu stub Heal y. emits trees,
• You shell net crush hely.- Her hest dews lay is the
popular liberty egaatrise. our, sans ma deeps&
power mild over be &mhos to be,, a alp) Is ody.
giveranimil YAM 1b Wow ofMld
over be het say, Ibiedly. hot sell that
that
material hey shish Ildeish impitoliets extends( it dttpelis
powers. Is eeselosies. M Pahl soy he MN prietelour
the bewritality be hod net with is HP . esd hod
formed m many deer iblesdshlys. AU if me t woe
dearer than this the mem of hie osseAry, Set
theaght would he, that lisehad shoal ishrlis he Rely
a eogd.gl sawn sympathy, eat OP there maid eyrie up
• Sr. alliance between thistles wrestrion
M. bleasisi basis neared hi mu midi* lead re-
iterated simians', the Asiems• iodinated that be we. pre-
pared to 1.1/1/••• say meeellans winds say person assegai
myths wish so peat to him. Time wee se regamiase te this
invitation.
The consmay them whisk of refushasests. sad slisetly
afterwards &seemed.

sot.rriow or mr °your or Maisimosa To ma
Gazer Mom -.TM Duke of Ricksoad bee Lid on the
table el' tbe dere of Leek a bin, whisk his jail bees
rialeal. Isabelle the sire of weesearmeeor pareeivest es
lb. Grose Met. .ad M pooriar for dos extsaarasa of Obi
dude" thosla Tbe dud. beereefeee perbeird la dee
Coen of Cbaasery psresbest to dr Ofoot am, to
be led * die Asera Tbe bin
for the treabuirioa of reds, et. fie obtellosi o".
mute re peen sad osembere of
I. to be mods to the pmt holder of the .
of
raiklitoon to be made le the oohs, of the WiNVIOW
the Crows-Aloe for the dudes imposed by the pee.
peed set
Mumma Or A GA11111112104.-1141111111d011 bIIII
bees neared of a sae bates on mashie
committed es the wises of Mr. B. W. WytkvillisisC
apighhoortisoi sf Geethowls wed Llesairlstra, Dss
bieish,,, is the mow of Thoseity aloha or Friday nets-
leo• TO. enlerisAmle meelsee who yoolobed was s pew
wevh. r, noised Willem Dodo. It wowed this ho west
es dot, at the toodffillifil Thaffolay *Mt% owl
nese was woe of hho by Me Moods mill the
morning, whoa he deed belly ass boa r a Mid
to s ..,04 is sir. Wyower'e Ms &dime
le by rrigblllane fredavelose of INN
Out off, sad Mile* wee womb rheoldsoilyeaSisisg
wee evident Ire
,thee est Mew lid bees wow
smarderosetimg trelbileL mob of the mirosie
blew hos Ima