The Express.
London, England, 1852-12-14 00:00:00

"-------- ' to draw in brilliant solemn am areas
there was en oression
ft —(., hear, hair" and laughter)—
oft▪ ihreste tends rlicT
they found re s didence of 500,0001. between the
.. temente On this /object hi must my that
it",‘' ta
thought they ought to limit their attention to
0, ~, it year. Amongst the items of levies he hued use
d ...sysil. oh account of the supposed teviabatios of the
Bathe war. On that point he meet my ems word. The
iiiiir war would terminate as a war whatever it was the
pI littoral Cathcart I. my that it had mama ; but
laite" slu o
irLh-ter, the plunder, the espouse, and the name
poneequ, nee. of the war could sot be expected to tem&
site at ones.. Peace and war were mere tames when they
were dealing with a bantam's enemy, whom so faith oeula
1,,,,j, no force swiftly subdue; who ehodedthers whesevre
thee attempted to mect him, and returned when they Isnot
es•••ctsil him. Ile therefore thought it extremely
~:nude that a portion of the item would yet be
demanded. and he, fur one, would never be.
here that they were free frost the expendi
tan of the fiddle war until they had withdrawn
the troops from the colony, with the esei3di
or as many as might be necessary to delsti
axial ...taboo. haute. a liberal supply of arms, and had
ceeerel..l to the eoMnists the full roanagemeat of their owe
mr,,,,. (t.l..rs ) Ile would sot repay' what had been so
wed saw with respect to the Eva-Anion Loan Commission.
lie !wooded that matter to this point of Mew—The go-
s. mment bad borrowed mosey on Exchequer Bills is
order ts lead it est, sad they had lest it out at a profit.
hat. sew, was that a legitimate financial operation?
,Ih a. he it) Ile maintained the contrary. (Hear, heal
1. null not be pottage:lW for an indieiolual, and it coal
icy be so for • nation. (Chien.) He would suppom
2 gentleman to be possessed of a large farm, and
to base no ready mosey ; he would suppose him
ti base an opportuotty of putting one of his nom to great
,Isaulogo is bualiorsa, but that 3,Uutli. was rsquired foe that
purrs,; he would suppose him to have mortgaged his
i•tate to the estate of the o,talltl., on the emulttion that hi
co, should repay him by instalmerits aceordiog to his
;:siclay ; and lastly be would suppose the son to have prow
Is the world and bi have continued refunding the
mosey until be had tetrad the whole. He asked the bouts
whether a perm in th it situation, having • landed estate,
as they I, it in this i ...led, and livi.ou • posterity, as they
bad, to pr.-vale foe. s -old be actin.? Es • careful prudent
tat& r of a family, in.. he receirel those inn/el/neat, hi spent
no m as part at hoots :me; or whelk• r he ought not to carry
theni to the orehunt of the moots/au,. t" Hear." and cheerio
He trusted that who it the right boa. gentleman the Chan-
cellor of the Exel.equer roe to answer the right his. gee-
lemon th• niemoer to the University of Oxford, he would
t.on.l.o.rsed to notice that illustration. Ile meat now pass
an to the next year; fur in oril• r to estimate this memory
they mast - oia their maul, to April, 11)1;
they bad to look upon a polootbdiry upon • poen-
m,ts, • coojettiare upon • conjecture, an estimate upon
an intimate, a speculation soon • *omelettes. Sep.
peso,: thi y had I,Sieiv,OUtli. in April next, what
WO
to be the state .of things in Ara', 18i14 1 First, they
were to hove • surplus of 10.00,0001. ; and ankle they
were satioolited of that, they would be Mem-amble if is the
pr. c•nt state of the houses they took one shilling from
• moo remunerative ea the malt tax. What was there
is toe cm.titatioo idlest house which gale it • prescience
aeon' granted teams 1 How could they tell that out of so
many ways and mean. none would fail, that amongst so
way items of expenditure none would be ex-
eewise—that there would be no reverse and no change ?
What he objected to was treating that as reality which
. merely speculation. The surplus spoken of was
merely spreshative, and yet it was that the right bun.
gest:roan denuded or, to meet the reduction in the malt
us. To illustrate the inaulticienee of trio inundation be
Would • Oppoae • ease. Suppe., • obit) were to go a voyage
awl he to speculate on the protits of the cargo. Ho could
inside the skip. although unhappily be eetild not insure the
govenneent—(a laugh)—but suppose he had a reasonable
sate-Talon of pt tit, he might fairiy draw bills in advance
agony the cargo, but if in arlditt-m he were termini. shin she
MT would return safe, and on her return would proceed
en .nether tropism, which could not pnesibly take place
moil after the Knot hall brew terminated, should he not, if
hr ;cl. Mated en the pronto of that second cargo, be looked
larrok as an idle dreamer, loom like Voucher with his
boat of glass, than a praetiel finnocier ? (Cheers.) The
Croarellor of th.• Exchequer bowl nit soivanced the alighteat
rrawn tor expect's., flu. surplus it 1.8•10,000/., further
Thom that it was to be in ale up of two probable items. On
I..:socium. he calcutettsl for laeia, ',cermet it had existed in
lis.;.;, and 100.S11/. from the Ceo3trula of the Kafir war,
al:hooch thy had Ward no annowininent of the policy by
lii, ran 01 which that happy result was to be brought about.
(dear) Such were the two items from which the right Isom
gentleman expected his eurplus. and failing which, hew.
have a deficit of 1,400,9001. in • year of the highest
atonal presperity. (Hear, hear) With respect to the
Douse viz, it would ihtlict • peculiar hardship oa his
(Mr. Lowe'e) constituent., because in 1841 an set
was paned exonerating house property below 101. value
annually from a'd taxes whatsoever, and the result
hail been enormously to encourage that tacit* of
lovesmont. If now this now inducement were
ado.ed he fear. 4 that • very extensive oisfranchise-
meat of the emotitueney would take place. (Hear, hear.)
It appeared that in taxes which noiaxly quarrelled with,
the tight hon. gentleman took off 1,2110.14114., end that to
meet the deceit of toe malt tax, be trusted to the chapter
Cl secolcuts. He, for toe, was not satisfied with
the neht hon. gentlentau'eargument. lie trite 'evinced that
ii the nation did not meet its obligations in a year of
onexarah.ed prosperity like the present, it would
to at any taste period. (Hear, hear.) If they set the
example of laying their hands on money which they should
not touch, if they set the exactople of reducing in • time at
prosperity the malt tax when the people were quite of
tested to pay it, there would in his 'Onion result IMO gle
ton thugs: future parliaments would follow their tennis
pie, oe wry would not. If they totlowed mph, they
would win to rack sod ruin the finances of the nation, and
Imola shipwreck our credit, thus holding us up to the cos-
tempt of the rest of the wend; if they dad nut, they would
held es up to scum and execration aa reckless stewards, and
• disgrace to the noose of parliament. (('heers.)
Mr. MILLS (who a mks from the ministerial side) To-
rreon! that he could not cones,; agate with the govern-
stunt io their plan. The present was • moat unfortunate
Lae for ditiblior the house tax ; and he could not concur
in that part of the scheme; but the extension of the urea of
te, at waaequi.able and Jo.'. lie did not believe that this
extension would have the antiripsted effect upon the free.
en 10, which he was Inc extending to all nameable livid a.
II• aired *re sc.orrostent wool I rrOolroder toe inustarr.
Mr. BARS, refeniag to otoory.tioce made by Ite.
Lowe, dread that the browses entoyed aay ammeguilys
tenet that which belayed to @warier eatergt:::
Cr.lity. It would le. as r.-asonabie to complete Ile
i ,o.eellor of the Exchequer enjoyed • monnpuff
he hal more brains than his collector,. With mad le
the muloble rednetico in the pros et Mier, spa
the proposed alteration in the malt tan. ha UV
tn.t it ought to !Mount to from four Me de a
barrel. is pt patios to the quality el the bit
eseeek,
(added the hon. gentleman, amidst roan Of Si.
a . odes of the house) it would be pate le
neat a 1.4*C.1011 in the price of the lila alert —la
eia,„
;,..,, ale fir example—al in that of a dmieriptios.
i he duty us hope was a suourct to width eareeetlycalled
the alteration of the government. Ihi wars prepared to
tr.. uo half of it, and ho• f 1,611/ asked them liar the other.
Lord AIiOLIOII Us TANI imegilmeated the Chancellor
of the Eulogiser ea his rot,. Iletaperett, and generally
defended the propuoitioss of than Wept, and had us health.
LAI in supporing both the extends. and the thiphostim
in ,4e Loose tax, believing, not only that seek a 11111111116 Wel
in.', but that tee combined prepositions of mievermemial
would benefit the per of the country. He condemned the
az... ,t.eo Ouch certain alwisthers were getting ay, out of
• ,r., rue. out the house•tes resolution.
Mr 1.. I' ahL, alter some gement remarks upon the pre-
poety rat combining ilidirest with direct taxstioo, went
through the various schism mataismid a the budget, is
let.,ch he futiud ouch ho ohject to. The house tax was ow
left a .ry. sad sot w minted by the nature of the enter-
itco.y ; the income tax, ni prepaid to be modified, wail full
,t otornelna and somas distinctions; the say og in tea
.n. 11.1 lie very {nog is coning, and not worth mach when
.o.d come ; mad as for the malt tax, it was the bee, tax we
444, mad it would he moot mamas to 'edam it. Tb, effect
is 'lv !mama generally was to eabeettete a real earplug of
a ratolOo• anti • half i.ie • imitiens surplus of Iris than half
• mnim. He was doaptraimeed altogether in the scheme.
Mr. WALPOLE said that they had some important ad-
lx-ium is the blunt of the debars. (Hear, hear.) They
he,: bees declassing the question is llso manner suggested
'iv the nob:, lord the member toe Leedom as s whole, t iken
a. s ivied., cad oons.dcred se • whole. (Hear, hear.) There
nil win important admimions mode In the debate when .
1,.. of.oort wan rmstdvred. Tatra had been the admission
of t.te hon. emmiemes who hod just sat down, and which
was iii roalcarmity situ Inc adssiations made by others, that
the remissions( the duty on tea was wise end ben. 86.1.
I ht a there was the adinisans of the right his. gentles-in
the late (Season's./ of the Excheiser, that the ye-
esnistat had dealt with the shippiag interest
, . wive yodel to that iiverest train res.rieteetua to which
... et...toned and twee reasinious also were wise and
• nelicio. There was the admissioo of the hon. member
I r do ‘I • a* kiiiiiir ut Yorkehire ano.unting to half ..1 the
nauseate on the oth, ride on • most important point in the
Clain, that the pespasi ion of the government with team'
t'i'ne income tax win wise and beneficial. there had Wen
Inn+ treat adatianows, and there had been an ethoosiou
wilt errant to the ghettos.' resolisimin with which they were
a iw &eon., that though there might be obketl-tee to the
rote is which it was carried out, there was no iobjeetion to
the am on which they went. In junky they night not
have token such ao ohje lion. These being the admissions
wish hod been made, and eonsidering the budget as a
*We. whit we, it that lii:i were opposing ? It was a nut,
"d /Sly • mall part. (... 0,•• n 4 ehr.ra.) Ti ii pied*
apemen which hod beim rased were two—the ingress. a
the house La nail any nottioiion nt all of the melt tan.
(Hear, bear.) 'These were the principal °Nettles* against
which or -et the schwasions which had been mode ; and be
xtod th t, destine, Nit.. the question a, a whole, they might
support the scheme as • whiii.., although they might think
'n-' 'he 111 tails sight lie ri a...nobly modified. (Cheesed
sad main cheers.) The subject was • Mgr
ae. and .mss of (treat importance ; and he wit
hi bring them to the test of redneiag it hili •
Ow ; riiii-oles who. ti were iavolad and the conseqatelled
they !..el to view, and thc results to which they snood lea
o•. I
whs. err. the !.rioerld 1 If they examine.. tire propthiri
bona of hi* riots hon. friend, it would be found that *VI
Vert anly its suu.lser, end that the objections to *OS seorreshadowl in ntenster. The Snit principle was, Ow dew I
stolid adioft to, or. es the laogoage of gmtlennu meet 1
belly Molina an ri d pendently extend the primal* '
harem:idled eompctitiou. That pnosiple was, that all WO&
del Of ,eilen and domestic produce (if they would hie •11111 e,
llittr'il) shoold by obtains d as cheaply sad as readily as petal

seek That priaciple was serried its in the form of a re-
Weiss al Ills tea dudes sad the malt tax. The mooed
=ltat she budget vas, that Mktg ea the remnamenda-
s *mesh from the dime. that if it was toned that
ila establiablag the esemercial pelley it which we how
Mid say Wog Ins ass to say particular iittetrit, you
Wre; in 11111111111111erka to eadlesieur to mitigate that
aed aid& dela to meet suritiosfully the *are-
Misted eampleision whirl' was to be est-Wished. The ob.
jast eithet tee, that the.. at boom should enjoy the same
sieweemes Is Ileaspatialicr: loh others as si rs enjoyed is
ampollei with them t was a rest principle, and
!hey 11.1 Malt with kjamtly. The third principle (which
bf 11111111 mmt ad le in the debate) was the made in
whisk lillegaissamsat was to deal with the measles et the
smithy, se se te pat kit a lair sad equitable fleerlag, end
that all vibe view sear naming the me of lbw tradesalp4
rue equally. uasanrabered with Impadiseare which did

not press on the rest of the eosantunity. Those were the
principles on which they had meted, and he undertook to
prove that ttey were just in themselves and fairly
anted on in the proposition of his right hon. friend. He
wield begin firstly with the commercial fiefdom policy.
lm *hoot was to give the prism neresaaries of life to the
pm& as cheaply u they =mid be procured. How had
thee principle been worked in the last ten years 1 In
14142 this lint alteration bad been made in the tariff. By
She ewaravel of prohibitory duties they had brought anise'
dbwl to the coneumers of this country at a cheaper rate. 1.
OW years after tea removal of those duties, instead of no
welmale being imported iivo this ciuntry, it would be found
*in 'undies) of the larger :animals had been ine.
pined, and 200,000 sheep end lambs. Whether it
was wise to let those animals in without any duty
which would have produced some revenue was clues-
, double. (Opposition cheers and minter cheers )1
It was questionsble, on the ;emend that, although you
would nut have materially rate. a the price, you would yet
have obtained some revenue. Whet had been done with
=other great article of food ? Ten years ago the quantity
of corn imported into this country was two million. and a
half of quarters, arid of in, al dear one million and a half of
cuts. In November, le-12„ the quantity of corn imported
1 was five willies@ and a holf of quieter., and of meal lour
three Neuhaus sad • ball of ewn., being an increase signor*
than two millions in each article. 't hat was the manner in
which they had dealt with artieles of food of the people
and prime seesweries of life. But had they benefited the
CUllllltaer equally as regarded cheep beverages ? (Lauglver
and cheers.) No! they had left the duties on malt and
tea where they were. He knew that they would say that
there was a good reason tar that, because thay would have
been dealing with such an amount of revenue that it =old
not be done. But he (Mr. Walpole) said that on their own
principles, if they were s.neere, they ought to have bene-
fited the coasumer with rs lard to what was •• much a ne-
=fury as mod. (" No, no," sheers and laughter.)
Certsiolv, he thought there was sot • cottage so poor in all
England but that any addition to its beer—or its tee—
would Mere= its comforts. (Cheers and laughter.) He
would reply to whet the right bon. gentleman (Sir C.
Wood) had said on this subject (the malt tax), on which
after all the great objections to the budget were based;
and, for the moment, he would deal with it as entirely a
consumer's question. Tne right hos. gentleman doubted
whether the consumer could be benefited by a reduction of
the price of malt bocatee he found, from statisti:s in his pos-
session, that it would not he possible greatly to increase the
quantity. Such a statement had greatly astonish=
his (Mr. W,ipole). The mad tax was first imposed at
the cud of lb. 17th century. It wee raised denim the
whole of the 18th century from 4.. up to 11. 15s. per qr. at one
time, subsequently being reduced to 11. 8.., and tin n to
le 2a. 7d. per qr. ; and those who would go into these figures
would find that there was but one conclusion could be
drawn. The tint and must startling fact (and it was most
astonishing that this should he denied, as it had b en during
that evening, and by the right hos. gentleman the late
Chancellor of the Exchequer) was, that, notwithstanding
all the increase in population and in wealth, the melt mann-
future of this country had remained almost stationers for
• century. (Meer, hear.) Why ? Becouse of the high
taxation. A great authority hod said, " There shnold be
no Mistake shoat the tact that while milt liquor lied hemanill
the principal beverage of the people of England during a
lengthened period, the menuteeture, instead of increasing
with the population, hail keen nearly stationary for the
hundred lean soiling IMO. In proof of thin, there might
be taken the quantity of malt which paid duty in England
and Wales on SVC rages of 12 years. In the 12
years ending 1720, 24,000,000 and a fraction
of buihels paid duty animally ; whereas the en.
anal average quantity that paid duty in the 12
rue ending 1816, was only 23,000,000 bushels
maga fraction. This apparently anomalous result was per-
hope, in some sense, to he at:coveted for by the inmost
Slainimpuos of tee—which had come into almost universal
wire. But there could not he a question that it was mainly'
swims to the exorbitant duties with which malt and ale sod
beer manufaetures had been loaded, and to the oppressive
end= teseilatioes imposed." The authority he bad quoted
Wne (Hear, hoer.) Another important
"bet to be deduced from these returns (a fact answering
the whole argument against the proposition of th.. govern-
Went) was, that as the duty was increased the consumption
pee head was diminished. He hold in his hand tables of
SS Important character, to which he would refer. One hun-
dred years ego, in WOO, the quantity of bushels of malt
Unfit in this country was 29,000,000 and a fraction ; the
Olaf y was 6d. per bushel; end the consumption was live
15.3e1s per head. Between 1760 and 1801 the duty was in-
illeserd, first to Is. 9d. then reduced to Is. 41d.,
and 'seta increased to 2s. and • fraction per
bushel ; and the effect, in 1801, was that the quantity
Wade was 30,0,00,000 bushels and a fraction; the
Soy beiug 2.. Al.e per bushel ; and the consumption per
Ina was only 3 bashels and 3 gallons. (Hear, hear.)
'Nag praie6 of IV years, he would show how taxation
balepealel en this article. Itetween 1801 and 1811 the
dog WO Mood to the enormous amount of 4.. Std. ; but
ban tedand is 1806 to 2s. 34. a bushel. In 1811 in
&eat Britain and Wales it was 26,000,000, and a fraction
bushels, the duty being 2e. 6d.; and the consumption per
head, instead of being 6 bushels, es it was in 1860, and
hosed of being 3 bushels and 3 gallons, as it was in 1801,
walk reduced to 2 bushels and 4 gallons per head. Tbs
Nan period was as remarkable. In 1821 the duty wee
wised to 3s. 71d. per bushel ; and the oonsumptioe per
bead fell again from 2 bushels and 4 gallons to 2 bushels.
in 1828 the duty was reduced to 2s. ld , and in 1841 Om
quantity of malt manufactured rose to 32,000,000 bushels,
the ditty beim 2.. 7d. and the consumption 3 bushels per
beat

. - Mr. 08BORNB—The duty was taken sift 1830.
Mr. WALVOLE world come to that, al would Mee
anew. r the extraordinary assertion of the IMO Ohancether el
the Ezehequer, that the remission el the bur duty Waft
had the effect of inereaaing the quantity of be maw
• faetursd. 'rho beer duty win ',peeled in Ina The nunlber
of bushels of malt made in 'AI 30 .....e.•23,4281/A NI 182 P, aid
26,900,000 in 1830. But in 1831 the amifilber rem Ms
25,4n0.i5m to 34965,000 ; in 1832 to
.18/oa#Bll la
1b33 to 33,789,000; up to the year 1810, WIMIN the Demme
was 36,642,01.10 bushel*. (Hear, bear.) Bat the thte Chan-
, celor of the Bleheqaer had Imre:rent., the f filing off in the
years 1841-2. lie had r. minded the right boo. gentlemen
at the time that 5 per cent. was then added to the Oneelien
on malt; and it was just that 5 per cert. which soda so.
dace.' the quantity of met manufeetured. Huth( been
in 1840, 36,1553.000, it fell in 1141 to 30,966,000; and in 1842,
to 30,706,000. No uoubt these two wereyearsof considerable
distress, and that distress had had its effect in conjugation
with the 5 per cent additional burden. The years MO
1842 downwards were, however, not years of deptentieny
and in the four last years the manufacture of mak limb M
armed as compared with 1840. (Hear, hear.) laskitti g
at these facts it was impossible to doubt that the consump-
tion of malt in this country had been materially im-
peded by the unequal legislatioo, and if that were
so, was it not logical to anticipate the greatest
benefit: from the reduction of taxation in this
lireetios now propose I by the government ? (Hear,
Mu.) He believed it was ; and that the measure they had
%ought forward would prove " wise, just, and beneficial.”
(Yew trade ironical cheers.) He thought they would admit
that it was wise to increase the quantity of that which was
the swholesornist end hest Liquor used by the people—
(cheers, end cries of "No, no ")--and that it was just to
enable the aviculturist to cultists his lighter soils in the
meet profitable manner—(cheers)—and be thought they
• would not deny that that legislation was beneficial
which conferred advantages on the community at large.
(Cheers.) He come, then, to the consideration of the pro-
noun reduction of tea duties. Upon toe espediency of this
redact on the whole house wu agreed ; and he thought that
for this part of his *theme his right bon. friend was enti.
tied to the greatest e. edit, seeing no Chancellor of the la•
chequer fur many years had had the courage to deal with
the matt-r. (Hear, leer) The people of this country
would be benefited by a redaction in the tea duties in three'
points of view: socially, commercially, and financially.
&call, it would heneht them as cheapening the beverage
which, after all, should be most encouraged—(ironical
cheers front the oppositioii)—coorrirtei.illy it would
open up to us a larger market, just in the
same way as the opining up of the Nut ladle
Company's trade had increased our market, mantithe-
tours finding a greeter readiness to exchange as the qua-
tit, of articles the Chinese lent to us became increased,
and financally because what experience we bad had showed
that a benefit to the revenoe itself followed a reductiou of
the tea duties. (Hear, hear.) He thought he hail
now answered the main objections taken to the go.
vernment scheme. Tbe government were acting as
the pri,ripl- at commercial freedom, applying that principle
by the remission of two great duties, the remission of h .tli of
which would benefit the consumer, while, as regarded the
malt duties, pronto ion great advantages, as he would show,
to the producer. lie now came tithe second principle
contained is the hudget, via, as concerned the mode in
which the government dealt with those interests which had 1
been mituliarly sleeted by recent legislation. In no de. '
gees, her., eauhl it be said that they were acting muffin.
siantely with the recouoised new commercial system. The
interests elected were the colonial, shipping, and agricul-
tural. With respect to the colonist interests the
government proposed to enable them to refine the pro.l
Jule of their 'stet.. in the manner they declared to 1
he most conducive to their interests, and this, surely,
wen Jut and reasonable. The shipping interests were
to be gradually ri leased fro n those restrictions the
evils of which the noble hord (Rueell) bad pointed out
from the hustinesot the City of Loodon. The cirieultural
'surest moo to he hen rth it by enabling them ti cultivate
Maielmis la the way, end to an cutest, in and to which
q UMW nut cultivate them if the burden, which now
UMW were to be left en them. The hm. gentlemen
(Mr. Colin's) hail Mato el the question very lairly that
evening wise rimed to tile agriculturists; and h..d made
the important admission that by remitting the whole malt
tax the legislature w.itild be doing only what it had
doe* la 1830 for the calico maaufeetursm in taking off the
duty of aid. a mean yard. TM sleet of that reduction on