The Express.
London, England, 1864-05-27 00:00:00

ediemodnos of Ms errantry, and be wield sescriAcie all be
had te ememplish it. (Hest' beat.) It Poised
art onsaimity that tier seas, in Qs Moe el yeam efd
martial
Ira and anprosedented omissible, ware prepared to Me is
the defence of their eciuntry, was there say 01101111 for
deeper? Is 1831, when the Lapeer Nichols. "rushed
oat the Polish realise, be tamed *hem—deserted by
Sir Robert Pea se nether wise oar safe—by which nude
addrea wee taken from QM mothers' arms and sent to
Siberia. Is oar own day Qs extermiaatice and exile of 30
yeses ree had been actually vindicated by • thee =bona
ones. (Hear, bear.) For suab affects Poland was la • great
mearore indebted to the =robin of her danghtes. Great
public spirit was sometimes displayed by women in England,
France, and elsewhere, but with the woolen of Poland it
was permed, sad the extent to which it went was illus-
trated by the recent sale here of the jewel" of Polish ladies
'tripped off to supply comforts to their muttering
countrymen. But there war • still stronger lad.
cation of the future of Poland in the fact the there
were in the collection then brogight together wedding
Tiny taken from their fingers, aad sent to London by
widows who bad before parted with all other valuables to
equip their husbands for the field. With these facts
before him, and remembering that such men as Edmund
Burke, Talleyrand, Mettentieh, and Oastlime6, bad de-
clared as indepeadeat Poland inevitable, when the Emperor
Napoleon L had mend= the opinion that an iadepeodent
Poland was sential to Europa, and we • certainty in the
future, and when the present Emperor of the French had
republished the sentiment of his exile, that Paned was
the sister of Frame, he could not despair for that country
wbose claim rested capon public law, sad in the hearts of
the peopled Europe.
Lord PALMERSTON said —A lama& there in mach in the
speech of the hoe. gentleman with which I entirely and eon
deny agree, I cameos concur in the cone/Mos to which he
has arrived, sad I certainly shall vote for going into com-
mittee of supply instead of agreeing ie hi anteadnient. I
shall sot follow the hon. gentleman late the historical de'
tails white he has given of the earlier period of the polish
nation. I epee with him entirely is the 000demeation he
has pronounced of that great European mime—the needless
of Poland—sod I entirely concur with him, it is needless
to say so, in the immune and condemnation which he peed
on the conduct of Russia throughout the whole of her rela-
tions and connexions with Poland. (Hear, hear.) I might,
indeed, remark of that part of the speech of the hoe. gen-
theme, but reverting the sentiment, " quis vituperabit
HercoJetn ?—who has palliated, excused, or justi-
fied the conduct of Ruses In Poland? But that
is not the question on which this house is called on
this evening to decade. The hon. gentleman has coodemsed
the conduct of the government is the recent tramections
with regard to Poked. Ido not revert to those former
periods to which he has referred, beams they really have
aothugg to do with the queens at preset at issue. But,
' though the boa. gentleman says in he meolutioa—in which
I agree with him—that the efforts which her Majesty's go-
vernment hue made in favour of Poland have sot been
suoceseel, yet 1 em at • lam to undimmed from him what
we ha'ye not dooe and what lie thinks we ought to have
I dom. He says it is oar fault that we have not been more
sucossafid thee we have with regard to Poland. But I
appeal to the memory of the boa. gentleman himself to say
whether in the whole swum of last year, when be Was
urging upon us repeatedly to exam the inflame
of Great Britain in favour of Poland, be did not
repeatedly say that he did not ask for war,
for the display of arms, but that he wanted end
withed the inflames of England should be exerted to Mena
from all the prim:lira powers of Europe • coneurrent opinion
as to the duty which Russia owed to Poland, sod the win
lations of her mgagetneots under the treaty of 1815. We
did all the hoe. gentleman asked us to do. We did go to
the utmost extent and length of diplomatic exertions ;we
did snowed in gettiog most of the leading powers of
Surer
to mucus with us in represesting at St. Peterebure
meaner la which Russia had failed to perform the.. Negate-
. near, sad we exhorted her to perform thee esgagemaam
sad to del differently with the Polish nation. What wee
Use next step thee we had to take ? Why, there were °sly
two thing" to be dome, either to sews those represeetatioas
which, however respectable and powerful the quarter from
which they came, had sot been eroded with success, or do
that which the nght hon. gentleman the member for Beek-
laglisanshire said oa a former occasion would be an act of in.
sanity—go to war with Ruler an account of Poised.
Well, we were not Mime : we did not at say moment con-
temp going to war with Russia for the sake of Poland.
(Hem, hear.) My noble friend the Secretary for Foreign
Affain stated that man than cam in his place in =dm
meat. There are many reasons why it would have bees an
sot et made= to have done go. The hon. gentleman said
that upon one occasion we decked the co-operation of
Austria sad France is favour of Parted. Why he after.
wards mentioned in terms of condemnation the conduct
which Austria is now punting towards the Polee in Gabe,
and jell likely that, Austria having Galicia and Prune
having Posen, both of which are occupied by fragments of
the Polish nation, would have concurred in atrokieg Russia
sad compelling her to perform eapgements which in point
of fact they had no great interest in asserting on behalf of
the Poles. Thee with regard to France, it would have been
impossible. TkeFreosh legislature peed resolution@ far nem
years similar to that which the boa gentleman uow proposes to
the Home of Commons. But at lad the French legislature
felt they were placing themselves in an undignified position
by peens resolution. seed expressing opinions which they
did nut follow up by practical acts on the part of the exe-
cutive goveresteet, sad they abstained from doing so.
(Chews.) lf the hoe. gentleman asks my opinion whether
Reser has sot in point of fact forfeited that right which
by the treaty of Vienna she =reined with regard to Pola
nd,became she has not fulfilled the earre=tateeeatiftmenta
which that treaty imposed on her. I very much
disposed to coacur with him. (Hear. hear.) Bat I say it
would be =dignified in this house formally to ounce
that opinion noless the house =a to fol.
low it up by an adder to the crown to give effect to the
decimates which they had made. (Hear hear.) If people
were prepared to go to war to-morrow, and to follow up that
"sates= of forfeiture by execution—if we were prepared,
either singly or in coojunetion with any other power, to go
to Poland and say to Russia, not only have you forfeited
your rights, but we mean to wrest Poland from you and to
take from you that territory which we say Tom have no
European right to, I ea understand the propriety of coming
to such a deem if founded in justice sad right. But to
pronounce such an opinion without being prepared to act
upon it would be to place us, I will say not telly in an =-
dignified but even • ridiculous position. (Hear, bear.)
Bat has this country • right to deal meetly with this
matter! Does RO/1116 Poland simply by a treaty
between her and ? By no means. The treaty of
Vienna, by which the duchy of Warsaw was give to Reda,
was aped by ekht E powers, and not by Eagland
alone. It weaved by , Frame, Austria, Prussia,
Spain, Portugal, and Sweden. I say that Eagle= aloe
he no right to abrapte say part of that 'testy on the
ground that it was violated by one of the powers--a cam.
treating party to it. Therefore, the declaration of England
slate would not be valid as patting an sad to the right of
Russia. And it would be most undignified on the part of
this house to procaine an opinioa wiles they were pre-
pared to support it by practical operatioes. The boa.
'marten says the Poles are suet anxious that the
house should pronounce that opinion. I um only say,
if that in the use, the Pole are vary short-
sighted with a view to their own interests. What
happened after the insurrection of 1831-2? It was suppressed
by the armies of Rune with the passive 00-operatioa of
Pease (Hear, hear.) We remonstrated with the Rue-
siaa government for abolishing the constitution which the
Emperor Alexander bed panted. What was the reply of
the Emperor of thatday? He mid, " You had no ht to ap-
peal sow to the treaty of Vienna. Ido not hold by
virtue of the treaty of Vienna. I hold Poland by the sward.
I have subdued it ; it is mine by right of ooaqueet, and you
I have so more right to talk to me about Poland than about
any other portion of Rusin" We greed =lisp, a consider-
! able one is my opinion, I. oar recent segobatioos with
Russia, because in deference to the collective opinion of
Europe the Rosin government admitted that they
do hold Poland by virtue of the treaty of Vieeee,
and that they ere bound by the engage-
most they hue undertakes towards Poland
by the stipulations of that treaty. They said, " We acknow-
, ledge we are bound by them, bat we cannot fail those
engagement while the issurrection is going on ; bat when
order and tranquillity are restored we will do that which we
are bound to do:" Surely, that is • better position for the
Pole than if we were pow to unsay that which we hitherto
gaid,.aad to make an Weenie° which would throw as back
to 1832, when Ruses said she held Poland by her right of
conquest, and was at liberty to deal with the Poles as she
I pleased. I say that in the interest of the Poles themeless
such a declaratiou as that which the Mo. gentleman see
the house to pass would be as injurioes u an the
house could do with regard to the Poles at the present too-
moot. Therefore I hope the house, notwitlistagthe
queues of the boo. gentleman. and all the statements which he
I made, sod I thick justly, with regard to the wrongs which
Pored has endured at all times, and the cruelties practised
of late, especially by the agents of the Russian government,
will not be led away by their feelings to aet in a manner
which reason would forbid—will not take away from the
Poles the only remaining diplomatic protection which the
treaty of Vienna gives them, and deprive them of that
shelter, good, bad, or indifferent, as it may be, sod throw
them back into that condition of things in which the Russian
government asserted they were when they repressed the re-
bellion, or rather the civil war, of 1831-32. The hon.
gentleman stated truly that the Poles manifested a degree of
national feeling and of attachment° their native country,
powers of edorsee, coulee. and enterprise, which are
almost noexampled in the history of any nation. (Hear,
hear.) But the more you admire the Poles, the lees you
ought to comer in the resolutions of the hoe. geed/emir ;
the more you think they deserve the sympathy of Europe,
and such sentence as can be given to them, the lees
ought you to deprive them of that diplomatic and political
protection which the treaty of Vienne affords them, and
which at some future period we are entitled to expect the
Russian government will acknowledge. The hoe. (mias-
ma. metro= two instances in corroboration of has pro-
posal. The OM was a declaratiou made with regard
to Russia, that we did not acknowledge her so-
vereignty in Gras=; the other, that we did
sot acknowledge the dominion of Turkey over Greer.
Now, with regard to thee instances, I do not think the
one is very eneurseiog or the other applicable. What is
the state of anemia now! Has that declaration laved
Orem= from the conquest of Russia! (Hear, bear.) Do we
not know that heedreds of thousands of the Whereon of
Circler are expelled from their country by ROOM, mating
• refuge in Turkey, sad expired to every kind of misery sad
mimeos ? Do we mot know that Use &minks of Russia