The Express.
London, England, 1852-10-21 00:00:00

ABD-EL-KADER AND HIS INTENDED
PLACE OF DETENTION.

Tho town of Broussa (or Bursa, as it ii also spelt)
which has been selected as the scone of Abd-cl-K a-
der's future detention, is one of the most prosperous in
the Turkish dominions. It is situated in the pachalik of
Natolia, at the base of the Olympus, whose peak
rises into the region of perpetual snow. It is about 22
leagues from Constantinople, and the same distance
from Kutahich, famous as the place of internemcnt of
another hero in misfortune—Louis Kossuth.

Broussa was once the residence of tho King of
llithynia. In the middle ages, until the falling of
Adrianople, it was the capital of the Ottoman
empire. It is now the seat of a Mollab of the first-
class, a Pectin, a Greek metropolitan, and an
Armenian bishop. The population of the town was
estimated by Balbi at 100,000, which is probably
within 30.000 of the truth. It has extensive suburbs,
is provided with ramparts, and commanded by a
fortress of great antiquity, adorned with Roman
sculptures. The chief buildings are its mosques and
caravanseries. The people derive their subsistence
from commerce and manufactures, in which the arti-
sans are very expert. The satins and tapestry aro
the most esteemed of its fabrics, among which gauzes,
taffetas, and cottons are to be mentioned. The trade
with the interior is facilitated by the caravans which
pass through Broome, in the line between Smyrna
and other Asiatic towns; the trade by sea is carried
on by the shallow port of Moudaina, on the Gulf ofi
Nlarinora. The clay called meerschaum is obtained
from a mountain close by Broussa.
Tho .11,:bals of Tuesday, in an article on Abd-el-
Kader, endeavours to take from the House of Orleans
the disgrace of having detained the ex-Emir in cap-
tivity, in violation of a solemn engagement. 'I he
Dtsbate says :—" Abd-el-Kader gave himself up to
Gen. de Lamoricii:re on Dec. 21, 1847. It is matter
of notoriety that the Emir had stipulated as condition
of his surrender that ho should be sent with his
family to Alexandria or St. Jean d'Acre. Gen. de La-
morick•re, then commandant of the province of Oran,
accepted that proposition, which was ratified by the
Duke d'Aumale, the Governor-General of Algeria.
The government of King Louis Philippe received on
December 31, 1847, the news of Abd-el-Kader's
surrender, and of his arrival at Toulon. On Feb. 24,
1848, the council of ministers had not as yet decided
anything concerning Abd-el-Kader. On April 21,
1848, tho proviaional government caused Abd-el-
Kader to be transferred to the chateau of I'au, where
ho remained a year, and from that place ho was
transferred to the chateau d'Amboise, where ho
has remained up to the present time."
This is true enough as far as it goes, but very
false if put forward as an account of the whole
matter. Let us endeavour to supply the omission.
On the 17th of January, 1848, the government of
Louis Philippe was questioned by the Marquis do
Boisay, in the Chamber of Peers, during the debate
on the address, as to its intention of ratifying the
treaty entered into with Abd-el-Kader. M. Guizot,
in his reply, instead of declaring frankly and clearly
that most undoubtedly the government would ratify
the treaty to which the Duke d'Aumale had given
his approbation, declared that the government was
of opinion that it did not belong to a general-in-chief,
even were he one of the king's sons, to engage poli-
tically, without reservation or examination, the
kings government, and that " in the present question
the government preserved, and intended to preserve,
the full liberty of examination and decision. If these
words meant anything, they implied the possibility of
the non-ratification of the treaty. The l'rince de la
Moscowa, in the same sitting, disapproving of the
language thus used by the hon. Minister of Foreign
Affairs, brought forward this dilemma :—"Now, of
two thinge, one : either you conaider Abd-el-Kader as a
robber—as a pirate, or you look on him as a hostile
general, who has been conquered. In the first case,
have him hanged; in the second, treat him accord-
ing to the law of nations." General Fabvier, also,
spoke strongly against the doctrine which M. Guizot
had laid down, and in concluding his remarks, said,
"There is now neither further ratification nor nego-
tiation to make—Abd-el-Kader is in your hands, he
cannot enter into any further negotiation. Gentle-
men, beware of touching that precious thing, the
honour of France. Remember King John, Francis
1., and Henry IV., those first gentlemen of their
kingdom! I will only add one word more—if you
touch the honour of France, adieu to victory!"
M. Guizot then declared that " the government had
every confidence that it was possible for it to conci-
liate respect for the engagement made with Abd-el-
Kader with what was due to the safety of France.
It was that task which the government had pro-
posed to itself, and when it thought that it had
accomplished it, the chamber would decide whether
the conclusion come to was well or ill arrived at."
The language of M. Guizot produced the most painful
effect on the public mind, so that when the question
came on in the Chamber of Deputies, in the debate
on the address in that house, M. Guizot found it ne-
cessary to alter his tone. The matter was alluded to
on Fob. 5, 1848, when the Marquis de Larochejaque-
Ida, in his remarks, observed, " that many persons
were struck with the difference which existed
between the engagements entered into by the Duke
d'Aumale, and the conduct pursued by the govern-
ment. " How does it happen," asked M. de La-
rochejaquelein, " that when an eugagement of honour
has been entered into by General Lamoricidre and
the Duke d'Aumale, Governor-General of Algeria, the
government now retains Abd-el-Kader in a fort, and
leaves us in uncertainty as to whether the word of
France will be kept or not?" M. Guizot replied
that "hie answer would be the same in that Cham-
ber as in the other. He had in the Chamber of
Peers reserved the right of the government to ratify
or not to ratify the resolutions of its generals, and of
the Duke d'Aumale like the rest; and that right
being so reserved, the government considered it its
duty to conciliate the engagement entered into by
the Duke d'Aumale with the safety of the state. It
was true that the duke had promised Abd-el-Kader
that he should be taken to Alexandria or to St. Jean
d'Acre; such were the terms of the promise—nothing
more, nothing less."
The report of the sitting states that these senti-
ments were received by the chamber with murmurs.
M. Guizot continued—St. Jean d'Acre was out of the
question, but, as Alexandria belonged to Egypt, the
government would enter into arrangements with the
Egyptian government to allow the Emir to be sent
there. The discussion there dropped. Now, who
does not see that if Louis Philippe.' government had
at first frankly ratified the treaty entered into, Abd-
el-Kader would not have been detained for nearly
five years th confinement ? The whole fault, the
world has always thought, lay with the hesitation
of the government in ratifying the engagement of
the Duke d'Aumale. This correction is duo to his-
tory, which will decide bow to apportion the disgrace
of so long &captivity inflicted on a brave and pa-
triotic man.

The Sleek says : "The act of the President of the
Republic, by which he grants liberty to the ex-Emir
Abd-cl-Kader will bo well received by France, which
' admires everything that has the character of grandeur,
generosity, and confidence. The sentiment which has
inspired Louis Napoleon is the same as that which
inspired the Duke d'Aumale and General de Lamo-
riciere in the treaty of the 21st December, 1847 ;
but governments cannot always yield to the same
instincts, tho same emotions; and we can under-
stand that the governments of Louis Philippe, of tho
Republic, and of the President himself, long hesi-
tated before ratifying the promise made by our
young generals. Let us hope that Ahd-el-Kader
will not be ungrateful, and that he will know how
to recognise the magnanimity of the French govern.
ment ; that he will be faithful, as the official Jourcal
says, to sworn faith, and that he will not attempt to
disturb our domination in Africa. Let us hope that
the presence of the Arab chief in the states of the
Sultan will not excite the spirit of rebellion amongst
tho tribes who only obey with indignation the law
of the conqueror. In the words which the Pneident
was kind enough to address to Abd-el-Kader, we

remark this idea, which is so fecund and so true—.
that—' Generosity is always the best counsellor.
For our part, we shall see with joy the chief of this
government often listen to this politic and noble
counsellor of all governments. It will not allow hits
to forget the Frenchmen, who, in consequence of our
civil discords, are still wandering in foreign countries
far from their families and their dearest affection,'

THE ATTEMPTED REGICIDE IN PERSIA.

A Mahommedan gentleman, resident in Lando;
furnishts the following elucidation on the latest sews teat
Persia :
" A person of the name of Moollah Sadique, desiug4 at
Sheeras, made a public declaration that in the year id the
!fogies, 12.54, corresponding with the Christian era 'Ur.
a prophet would make his appearance, and that his muse
would be Baub, which signifies that all the knowledge ~ed
sanctity of prophecy would ho possessed by Lim_that his
mission would nullity all the modes of faith set forth by the
ancient prophets, and that the whole world would emioraee
his religion. lie further announced that Haub woe:dn:tiro
a Heavenly Hook,' and that ail the treasures of the world
both what was already discovered, and whst was yet
hidden in the bowels of the earth, would be put late Lia
possession.
" Shortly after this announcement, be declared
to he the prophesied Haub, provided a liwic wlueli lie
called Heavenly, and obtained several followers, chi. Ii
from amongst the ignorant and uneducated clan tit p,ui,le
On hearing of this, Mahomud Shah, of blesr.,d mew `7r
King of Persia, ordered the most learned men of Lt, Leas
to examine into and tit side upon the matter. An invi
lion accordingly took place, and the result war that M0...4
Sadique, calling himself the Haub, was found to be an us,
pouter and a false prophet, and,. as such, was semi
by his judges to be beheaded. His Majesty, the Lite
of Persia, would not, however, v.aseut to the er.
penalty of the law being execute iciu,
d; but spared the Lkthe offender, on condition of his destroying Li, Im:tel:lid
' Heavenly Hook,' and making a public declaration of la
_
repentance.

On the decease, however, of the late kiwi, an I the
cession of his present Majesty to the throne of Persia, hie
impostor returned to Isis old courses, declaring that, it.,
old king being now dead, the time fir his prophetic ILI.
lion hail arrived. Ile accordingly sent letters in every
reetion within the limits of Persia, despatched an air,ut to
the city of Astrabad to foment disturbances there ; and Lyi.
ing assembled round his own person a band of betetia
three and four thousand infatuated and desperate falloa,n,
he straightway began to enforce his new doctrines by
of fire and sword. Whoever refused to embrace L.,
gion was sentenced to be burnt in bis own !muse,
with his family, and in this manner several thousand per.
sons were barbarously monk rtd. A Imdy of
ties, about tho same time, made an attack up°, the aac;,l
of the present King of l'crsis, but he succeed, d M etG,awg
Isis escape ; while a younger brother, who we. so uumm-
nate so to fall into their hands, was burnt alive, acteao.a.;
to their custom.

"As this fanatic rebellion appeared to bo gaining ler, ....all
a body of the royal troops were now marched from the a a.
tiers of Mazindran and Astrabad for the purpose of aerie-
ing it. Every effort was made by way of exhortatiie. by
the royal commanders to iodate the rebels to return to
their duty, but to no purpose. The infatuated men were
resolved on enforcing their prMciple and ngeining peeer
by bloodshed and rapine. A sanguinary ece mita ter,g
place between them and the royal troops, in w“.ch co; ...a
than four thousand fell on both sides. Among the fee
the rebels who ROTC made pi iso..ers was the ricertenct
er
principal agent of the impostor ; and even him the Kcg
did nut put to death, but sentenced him, with eleven ~tear
desperate fanatics, to be imprisoned for life.
" Sume time after this, in the country of Zanjann,
Tehran, Moollah Mahomed Ully, a leader of the fana;.e.
raised the standard of rebellion, expelled the govenv,.:
that place, toore forcible possession of the me,ruioe
artillery, and for nine months maintained himiell in a..-ea
of hostility to the royal authority, and did great injury .11
that part of the country. At length, att,r about tout
thousand of the royal troops had fallen in the endeavour to
suppress this outbreak, the fanatic leader :Nloullah Mahni..ed
Ully having been killed, the rebels were worsted and ths•
perked.
" Upon this a representation was made to the Sine of
Persia on behalf of the great body of the people, thawing
that as the most learned Maliomedans had proved the Ifiaa
to be an impostor, and sentenced him to death, it was
necessary that the sentence should be enforced, seeing that
SA long us he should be permitted to live the peaceable W-
I habitants of the country would be in cous•:int danger from
' the outbreak of his fanatical followers. tin this represen-
tation, and by the advice and recommendation of the chief
men of the kingdom, his Majesty ordered him to be be-
headed. The freedom from seditious fanaticism that the
kingdom of Persia enjoyed for upwards two years, may
be fairly cited in proof of the salutary client of this decision.
Front the private letters of friends, as well as the publics
intelligence from Persia, I am informed theta person named
Hanjec Soolaiman Khan, who was one of the Ilmilr,OT
followers of the Haub, had formed a design to hill his Ma-
jesty the King of l'ersia, persuading his adherents and
abettotz that he was then to assume the empire a: prophet.
This was the man who attempted the life of the Keg, sal
who was pat to death fur the crime."