The Express.
London, England, 1855-05-11 00:00:00

Asset% A to Peovocoh No. 12.
The Imports' Coolest of Roma, is acc
soteptieg the "four
foists" as a mace of athotiotios, hoe 'so:mm.l*d hots
Wilt their real massisg, acidly: has it ever thought of
elteriag it.
Th • tandem/A.l ides which presides over the deliherst
of the coeNeenes le to put au toil to the isolated p-moi
• the Ottawas empire, to cosecs% it with the behmee et
power is Borers, to brie, it war is the public law of the
aksaapepet werid; la ehmt, to amens to it eonditiose of
ism col
&.
afford pledgee of Ismail to itself, and to
give to Europe guarantees agaio.t fresh complieethms.
The reativatios of this idea necessarily Gilled fret emestial
evi 'bees on the part of Russia. Dsciisil re to .k:•.a As in,
freshly d that tits, really led to the object proposed, Itimej.•
freshly sad siacerely accepted the sew whom".
TO' ploaspoteatiariro of Ramis have so need recalling
OW amp • seaeer in which the baptist cabinet tail nosed,
ed.pted it. The circular of C,ant NOlrMilfoa! joy bete toad
ems here ; it is doubtless present to the vlinde of all.
Daring the whole course of the corSerences, the attitude
of the plenipotentiaries of NueilY. has Mini- otiosely re-
*posited to the scheme. They have ssited all their efforts to.
pet it in opiration atilt freakeese sad eiseerity.
The disesteems which hays takes pled os the future
pi:Mikis of the Panairlities of the Damietta, as veell am os
the free narigetios of that river, famish proof of it.
Limiting themselves to removing host the stipulating, all
that VAIN apprehensions end mistreat, which they so-
rt 1111 seers sad encelted ler, the plirelpotentiarim of
mania entered, is other reepecte, withrest restriction or
ambiguity, into ell views muting se realise the sew prlitteal
system ethics would bare bessetorth to regulate the Sot.
They hare sot receded is this view before any semen
oompatible with the bosomr and the dignity of their sore-
raise, and calculated to midst', to the end which it is pro-
pos. d to attain.
The members of the °inhuman will render to them, it
may b• 'toped, the jestiee to ackeowledge that ell their pro-
smidisss have bid foe their object the reelisatioa of the
1:011116108 view, which is t/ cossolidere the position of the
Emit la a smatter t, pat en cad to tin rivalries of the Great

liowsts.
with the mute self-denial to the see
They bring this idea
lath:mot the third pan% They ealy dome that in order OD 1
arrive at it, all should etteseat to abazdos the roundel
peepediers, end place themselves as that of the batmen of
power in Europe, white mates. the £st qpintilme
la lo .king from thiseloveted poise of view es the esgoale
mints which flaw from the third poles, a stilettos will easily
be arrived at, ftenceseatte for all, sad offering teal gaarantossi
to all the contraerieg puttee.
Before all, it is necessary to =nation that that which it
has bees thoset peeper to call the preened
Ruses in tne BM See, Las brims the moult of the nature I
and the ei hobs nate= of the potitieal relations of the two
empires bordering thereon. It was • superiority of authoh-
rity which Remdayzereieed ratter by the ascendancy whiff
her special treaties with ht °mamas empire gave her,
thee by bee maritime supremacy. It resulted from the
holetiou if the Porte moots more that from its inferiority
am the ems.
Developed by the Maumee of eireanistances unconnected
with Russia. such as the reguieration of Orem., the battle
of Nevariee, the conquest of Algeria by France, the lade
pendent teedeneits of the Pasha of Egypt, of the Beys of
Susie sad Tripoli, which deprived the Porte of sufficiently
important maritime amistaner, that inferiority was not
brought on by Ramis. It had famed the object of no
stipulation. It could have ceased at the will of the Porte.
The topographical coolguration of the Bmphores, so
fayouralte to the orgsnisatioo of en impregnable system of
defence ; the possession of fortresses cud ports such as
Verse, Sisepohe, Bourget, Trebisond, ho. ; the advantage
of being ab.• to veep all her fortes round three contiguous
baba—. AOG were, and they still are, striking advantages
which the Porte possessed sad still poseesees over Russia,
who, obliged to maintain aaval forces in four seas separated
by immense detentes, could only give its navy in the Black
Sea a restricted developmest.
soterithstaading the mistrust which for twenty years
pest ass been excited against Russia, the Porte shod. not
maks use of its advantages, would it not be bracer, instead
dseeing &danger for benell in the maritime duet-anent of
Ruses, she had intuition of those which would mama !
her elsewhere, and spies% which, in time of Deed, the
lora. of Russia might se • morns of defence ?
Morals, es well as materially, fasts seemed to justify'
that view.
People have strangely deceived themselves in Nips" he
the dangers to which the Ottoman empire might lis
on
posed iron the Russian fleet.
In affirming is his work es Southern Russia, that with bey
leer, rated, it is true, at 30 vessel., Ramis could at tub
oseupy Constaatiaople, Marshal Minuet has committed a
double error,. on the an, head, because the Russian sae=
fumes in the Black Sea can never reach that number without
uniting with those of the Beltic—s, junction which is
Beaman'. ; on the other, because if even so gigantic •
maritime development could be effected, it would be very
fsr from leading to the dangers which appear to be appre-
hended. That which is now passing is the Crimea would
be sufficient to prove this.
The real fasts are, indeed, otherwise opposed to these
hypotheses. Let us take for Matinee what permed in 1833.
At that epoch toe Ramis. fleet appears in the B aphides
and eff-cte a descent, but ceder what ettuditious ? It is
with toe consent of the Salm, and to come to his aid.
Moreover, seethes itself of all its sftipoing, the Ramie'.
Seer could oily transport oat that =maim from 10,000 to
12.000 men. And it will be admitted this this fora, im-
portant as an auxiliary, would have been entirely insuill•
cleat if it bed presented itself as an enemy.
Sines that time south has been veil of the develop-
ment of the Ration navy. Notwithstanding al that has
heel mid, what do we m lean after, e twenty yeater, that is to
say, in 1863?
the Raman fleet taken about fifteen days for the unbarke-
tins, toe transport, eel the disembarkation of a division of
inleetry, that is to say, frees 18,000 to 16,000 men, from
Sebastopol to Relents Kale.
On taking into eonstrieratios the proximity of the 'Bul-
b.. establishments of Russia, 20,000 men at most can be
reckoned as the number of troops far descent which the
KRUM! 'Buy of the Black Sea, is its greatest develop
meet, would be in a position to transport, on any given
point of the Ottoman territory, in the epees of about three
weeks.
Is that a very great drawer? Does it justify the spore-
bessions which have been counived ? Is not • risk incurred,
is endeavourag to amid it. of sacrificing to a chimerical
deeper the true conditions of the smartly of the East and of
the European equilibrium ?
Dangers have many times meeaced the Ottoman Empire
from other quarters than the north. An Admiral of the
Sultan hes eves hese sees to lead hi. lest to his rebellious
vases'. Who =awe= that (mu of this asters shall sot'
agate occur ?
Moreover the English and French fleets taken, not col-
lectively bat singly, are neither less powerful nor less
dangerous thee taws of Russia. Because the maritime
estabas: manta of France and England are farther cif,
they are not on that account more inoffensive. Europe
Is few able to watch the evolutions of the fleets that have
them.
By mesas of the rapidity of electric eanatunisations, they
could, by setting tail from Toulon and Malta at the same
time that the Raines fleet should lease Sebastopol, arrive
In time seflleieet to weird eff danger from the Porte. Bet
who engages that they may not one day premed themselmel
with the seat celerity, whether sieg.y or collectively, before
the Seraglio, as enemies of the Peru?
The tepidity with which the French fleet sailed towards
Salamis in 1863, shows the material possibility of this on
the part of Frames. Thu threats of which M. le Lavalette
made see, prove its morel possibility. As regards Breland,
we will limit ousel. es as mentioning the violation of the
Straits is 1819, and. pretest of tempests.
Where, if its Bleck See were disarmed, would be the
security against such edema.? Where the counterpoise
to roust their being lightly undeitaken ?
Them simple refleotioce are sufficient to show that what-
ever system may he adopted is revising the treaty of 1841,
spirts the view of connecting the Ottoman Empire with the
balance of power in Europe, the maintenance is the Black
Sea of respectable naval fora s would not cote sot
be of a nature ti raise serious apprehessissese but would
even be ea. of the anditioss neessary to secure, by way
of counterpoise to naval forees that may happen te be in the
waters of the Covent, the intact etseereaus of the stipula-
tions enaeluded in the interest of the European equilibrium.
And let it not be objected that this would be the satiate-
stases of the aaalasa fro. and that, in eoesequente the tor
peaduseee whisk Raba has exercised in the /Balk Sea
would net geese to an sod.
It has bees before demonstrated that that prepoielemle
aims from the Isolation of Turkey • it will.
ewe with the 'matey of the latter ceder the pshaelherler.
Berope.
2 he Porte would preserve sot only the faculty which she
has always had of giving at will tabor envy the development
which appeared to it needful, bat would acquire another
moral gamete" testiest all attack on the pert of Russia,
who eta surety would sot risk, for the sake of • most
hezerdone undertaking, to draw on herself, by a violation
of the public law of Europe, a general coalition.
Moreeter, Russia would not refuse on her part to offer
sew Fe tames by a revision of the Maly of 1141, if this
were desired by the Sultan.
The beiteestiese of Rossia aonelad-4 directly with the
Porte have sever made of the Black Sea a closed sea. On
tce contrary, the treaty of Adrianople has had the merit of
having opeila that mato mercantile chipping of all nations
wittiest denim:bon.
The closing of the Straits to war flags has sot been the
malt of agrcemeuts of Ram= with the Ports. It has
=keel from the ancient legislation of the Ottoman
MOIL
lie treaty of 1841 has only served to recognise and to eon-
firet this principle, established by the Battens is their qua-
lity of sovereigns of the territory adjoiniag the two straits.
Tee, are free to open the passage, ea they were to keep it
dosed:
So long es the straits remained dosed, it followed nets
ran, th.t the savigation of the Black Sea beams accessible
"bay to the skip eff war of the two Urania( powers: the
ea e, Russia—the ether, Talley.
'll:he &Ivies ple_al poteatiariee are the first to admit the
bash,. which the
Balla& pesseseee, In right sad la tact, to
'pea 'tw.'s pumps of the Mafia to the war lag Of the
Powers w, th when Ws Pares i M peace; but retliwoooll7e
le opening the graft ea Oa Isms, to awl:arise the pas-
from one sea to the ether, east that la favour of all
aatioes.
Adopted by eoft'ud• MN,* is the Interest Of the
•gatittetaak. o.lll..epelise
tad to the may serve to pat an
Biwa Sea latsfateZis:. Inn ate Pena plum the
which wait be et. cesSmirle entlesnesel
1. eledleelthe Mal allpala.