The Express.
London, England, 1863-12-25 00:00:00

EIIIILPO-TI:17, PICCADILLY. W.

ALFRED WEBB MILES,
Everybody knows Mr. MILER,
REMOVED from Rued-s root, to Ty 1161:107t1ITREILS,
Senor to 196 P. The 16e. TR.OI6EBM ;orighated by
him la aU the New Patterns for trioter.:hettentltsu ever."

SMUG NOTICR TO GEN'TLEMIN.

A. W. MIL begs most respectfully to announce that his
stock In the rations departments of Mt establishment ts now
replete fee Overcoats, Vesting:a. Bedford Cords, and scarlet
waterproof cloth fur huntins The wool dyed Black and Blue
Frock Coats. 50s. A choice of 50 pieces of indettructilde
*aided West if Zeeland Cloths. ESTABLISIIZD Ic4l. Only
address.

HOW COLD IT HAS BEEN.—NHORILTTI
am UMBRA'S celebrated THSYYUWEYW will eor
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Eke ersreoo.

TO 0070JIBPONDINIX

Avertlemeale biteided ter "-liel;We.; Leedom Weenie.
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idea eis lie day of ribbonlike.

oovNmoAsoix,

T0•31,61t0W in 4 ct of TRI BOREVIAN
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Mews. W. H. Payne, N. Parse, Y. Pe.w se. the Brothers
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HAYKARErr.

TO-3101IROW I'VlNDia.7lliiiffilieAN COUSIN. Messrs.
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LYCIIIbI.

TO-XMILOW avrinte. TillLiliT CHILD. Mr. Wlddleomb
awl Min P. Leclereq. —DU Dl WWI% a Love Stem Maws.
peak/. Dreaghaeo, !men Mirka. aad Jordan Mime
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To-roiutow Women. at 12. and In the Evening. the New
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MN WALVIS AT IDADOD BREDOM.
T D*T Di Is Animism. Vt. Va.
foaosaew Moneta& ID. Mi... A.ftassis. tb as

LONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 25.

Tea revolving year brings Christmas again, and
with it the memories of pesos and good-will which
its first advent heralded. Nor, though there be
now not peace on earth, but rather the sword and
the fire which were foretold, and which must
needs do their work while iniquity still prevails,
ought we with doubting hearts to accept the
peculiar message of the day. As the rainbow
shines in shower and storm, the blessed pledge
that no flood shall again sweep the earth, so the
sound of Christmas bells, through the air thick
with rumours of war and echoes of bloody pas-
sions, comes to remind us of that Eternal Love
which once appeared in bodily form on earth, and
which shall yet bring all mankind as children to
a FATitss. So, for one day at least, let strife
be forgotten, and let us accept the inspiration of
that popular belief which tells us that, in the
season wherein our Ssviouit's birth is celebrated,

No spirit dares stir abroad;
Tlin nights are wholesome ; then no planet strikes,
No thity takes, nor witch bath power to harm,
klo bellowed and so gracious is the time.

But even if this effort be beyond our faith, and
our saddened thoughts cannot rejoice in hope
while so much misery abounds, there is one re-
membranes still which is stronger than faith and
hope, and which can never fail. That personal
love which was due to Himself our RSDILMILIL be-
questbed to the poor. He left them in His place
to receive the benefactions which were a weak
tribute of gratitude for His immeasurable sacrifice.
Though He should depart, they should, He declared,
ever be with us. And thus we may recall His
presence, and realise His yet living words by turn-
ing to those of whom He was, from whom He
chose His friends and followers, and by whom, we
know from His own announcement, • humble
offering made in earnest love was •ooepted as
more than all that the rich, men gave of their
abundance.

It is true that even in Divine charity, when it
passes through human hands, there is the inevit-
able stain of human imperfection. To give largely
is not enough unless we give wisely--to give with
the purest motives is not enough unless we give
with the best of our judgment also. Indiscrimi-
nating alms not only cheat the deserving of their
due, but harden the reprobate in their evil lives.
There is no escaping from the necessity of investi-
gation. Nor can the investigation be delegated.
Before we delegate we must ascertain the charac-
ter of those we trust, and if a public body under-
takes to administer our gifts, we must first inquire
into its system of selection and management. But
after all, this is only to come back to the old truth,
that we cannot buy an outran°e into the kingdom
of Heaven with gold alone. To the money we
bestow we must add personal exertion and pains-
taking. Whether we go among the poor and with
our own hands distribute to their wants, or whether
we confide our donation' to the application of
others, they will be meritless on our parts, and
probably hurtful to the recipients, unless we sanc-
tify them with sacrifice of ease. So, though civi-
lization opens up a thousand new channels through
which charity may do its holy work, it
never supersedes the simplest and earliest form
in which brotherly kindness showed itself. The
magnificent institutions with which our cities are
studded, in which it seems as if every form of
human suffering might find succour, do but
methodist, and divide the labour. If for a moment
the watchful superintendence of those by whom
they are supported is withdrawn from the manage-
ment, neglect and fraud creep in. Nor may we
even implicitly trust to those in which there is the
most assiduous supervision. Benevolence unfor-
tunately is often foolish, and selects wrong objects
for its bounty. Many of the old forms of bene-
faction are become unsuitable to modern society.
Many that do real good in their immediate influ-
ence, do a far larger amount of harm in their re-
motor consequences. Still, therefore, we are
brought back to the inevitable condition, that we
cannot with safety bestow an alms unless we do
what is in our power to ascertain that it is de-
served, and that it will be truly biniefictiaL

We may, however, take leave to point oat one
class of establishments in which, if we can make
sure of good management, the chances of erro-
neous application are reduced to a minimum.
These are our various Orphan Schools. It
is quite clear that a very practicable degree

of investigation can make aerlmie..!aLat:
qualification for admission is
possessed. Of the need fee. je-slpis
case of those thus qualified there cen"in general
be but little doubt. As orphans they are home-
less, dependent at best on the charity of relatives,
and bag that resource, having none but the
workhonin But the workhouse is, by the law of
its existence, a hard end cruel school, and it can
scarcely relax its severity in favour of those who
have not deserved severity. For such cases the
milder and kinder refuge which voluntary charity
can supply is justly invoked. Nor let us forget
how much the safety and happiness of society de-
pend on the well bringing up of these
involuntary waifs. There is no readier nursery
of crime than the bands of youthful orphans supply.
On the other hand, they are as yet undepraved,
and may by timely care be preserved. It is true
political economy, no leas than pure religion and
undefiled, to visit the fatherless and the widow in
their affliction. And to give aid to an institution
which is esteblished for this purpose, after due in-
quiry into its system of training, is in such a case
to give aid in the most effectual way, for it is im-
possible that these forlorn children could be edu-
cated separately, and it is only by maintaining a
combined asylum and school that their wants can
be provided for. Yet even in this matter the in-
fluence of holy sympathy is not excluded—a donor
may add to the value of his gift by personal super-
intendence, and may crown the benefit conferred
by effectual aid given to the pupils after they leave
the school to enter into the world.

There are many institutions fulfilling the condi-
tions we describe—we may take am example,

without seeking to place it above others, the excel-
lent Orphan Working School at Haveratock-bill.
This establishment, originally intended for only
20 boys, now contains nearly 200 boys and 100
girls. It has room for a hundred more, if only
the funds were forthcoming for their support, and for
the payment of debt incurred in enlarging the
premises. The system is to receive orphans between
the ages of 7 and 11, to retain them till they are
14 (if girls till 15 or 16), when, if possible, work
or situations are procured for them, and an effort
is made to keep them in sight till they are 21. That
the demands on the institution are numerous we
may infer from the fact that it appears that for
thirty vacancies in October last there were 129
Candidates ; that it is economically conducted may
be judged of from the accounts, which show the
average maintenance of each inmate to be under

111. ; while clothing and education, with all the
other charges of the establishment, average about
IV. per bead more. There can be little doubt
that these sums are well bestowed, for the present
end for the future, and bear good interest to the
community as well as to the children succoured.
And such an institution as this is one that we may
well think of on the day when we think of the
Child of MART and the manger at Bethlehem over
which the star of the east stood still, and from
which the message of peace and good-will to men
was spoken.

To lonely men and women of middle age there
is probably nothing more mournful in life's weary
round than the seasons dedicated to gladness and
joy. To those who have tasted early all the
sweets of fortune, most bitter is the loving-cup
from the bands of happy strangers ! Christmas,
that fills human homes as yet unstricken by time
and change with garlands of living flowers and
the melody of children's tongues, brings to the be-
lated on life's journey visions of vanished faces,
echoes of silenced voices, and of unreturning foot-
steps. Surely it is wall, ea the shadows lengthen and
the golden horizon fades into a cold dull grey, and
even music and the laughter of happy children make
the eyes dim with tears unshed, that the season of
so many meetings, charged with the memory of so
many partings, should be the season of everlasting
promise alike for the happy and the unhappy here
below.

This year Christmas Eve, the day of all the
year on which a good man would be content to die,
comes charged with • sad message to us all. A
light has gone out among us ; • light that forty-
eight hours ego was burning bright and clear aa the
piercing flame of genius. A light has gone out
that no human industry or enterprise can rekindle :
no spark of royal favour or ministerial patronage
can relurne. Statesmen, successful lawyers, mili-
tary chiefs, are little missed, soon forgotten, easily
replaced. As often as not they are the
creatures of patronage, of intrigue, the
favourites of fortune, the reapers of harvests of
renown sown by obscure and unrewarded hands.
As they sink beneath the horizon, the fame of such
men seems to fill the sky, but when they disap-
-1 pear they leave nothing but darkness behind.
But the genius that has warmed the world with
its rays sheds • stream of radiance in departing
that gives delight to generations unborn. English
literature has lost in Mr. THACKSHAT one whose
name and works, as long as England has • litera-
ture, will take rank among the English classics.
In the literature of fiction he will take his place
by right divine in the goodly company of those
English humouriata whose shrine in our national
Pantheon he has contributed to preserve and
adorn. Beside ADDISON, FI•LDINO, SWIFT,
%mass, and GOLDSMITH, WILLIAM IifAiII9LACZ
THACKERAT will, we are persuaded, bold a place
distinct yet not unequal, by the right of a genius,
within its limits, one of the most profound and
penetrating in insight, most subtle and delicate
in perception, most exquisite in expression, that
even England his produced. MACH/21.4'S fame
as a writer blossomed late, and in this at least his
was no exceptional career. Dying at 52,
it was not before his thirtieth year that
be became known in his proper person to his
countrymen as the author of • world of imaginary
men and women, whom in his own pathetically
disdainful way he milled " puppets," but whom
his readers recognised as beings of flesh and blood.
He had written already much and admirably, as he
could not help writing; but be had written on water,
and his name was still a shadow. But sines, in
" Vanity Fair," he first revealed the full strength
of his finely tempered intellect and his most learned
spirit in human dealings,' what treasures of
wit, and humour, and pathos, what a
gallery of speaking pictures, be has created
And of these writings, however different in in-
terest or merit, it may be affirmed that all are
finished pieces of workmanship, and all destined to
survive, because they all essentially belong to the
man that wrote them, and to no one else ; in the
whole of them there is not • line of mere reminiscence
or imitation. There was in THACILZHAY, too, that
temperament of genius, that originality of power,
that particularity, that flavour which some writers
call cynicism, some bitterness, but which is
really nothing more nor less than the humorous
sadness of • man of the world who, being also
• man of genius, has a mental eyesight like a
double-edged sword, a heart all tenderness, bet •
hand against every pretender in • world full of
pretenders.

bhe heart to: judge too nicely what remains be to
While we are lamenting all that has been so sud-
denly Wm. away f This true gentlenan, bi-
loved bimany, and by all regretto& -gave the
world during five-and-twenty years st• life not
exempt from pain and sorrow his " immortal
" part" Let us know how to be grateful to the
memory of one who, having suffered with an equal
mind the trials and temptations of good and evil
fortune, turned the evil into good, and grew richer
and happier as he approached the autumn that was
to know no winter, in making the world richer and
happier by the work of his heart and brain. Our
readers, while they make merry iu their homes to-
day, will spare a sadder sympathy for that house
of mourning at Kensington, which will henceforth
be often gazed upon by curious and loving eyes,
as the house in which WILUAX hf txzerrce
THACILIIILLY died.

DEATH OF WILLIAM MAKEPEACE
THACKERAY.

The evening papers yesterday contained, in just
two linen, the sad and startling intelligence that the
author of " Vanity Fair" was no more. During
the week Mr. Thaelteray's familiar and command-
ing figure has been seen moving among us, and
perhaps there was scarcely any public character
whom we associated lees with the expectation of
early death. The illness which has terminated thus
fatally was of three days' duration, but came
to an end suddenly. It was but two days ago that
he might be seen at his club, radiant and buoyant
with glee. With all his high spirits, however, he
did not seem well ; he complained of illness ; but
he was often ill, and be laughed off his present
attack. He said that he was about to undergo some
treatment which would work a perfect cure in his
system, and so he made light of his malady.
He was suffering from two distinct com-
plaints, one of which has now wrought his death. 1
More than a dozen years ago, while he was
writing "Pendennia," it will be remembered that the
publication of that work was stopped by his serious
illness. He was brought to death's door, and be
was saved from death by Dr. Elliotson, to whom, in
gratitude, he dedicated the novel when he lived to
finish it. But ever since that ailment he has been sub-
ject every mouth or six weeks to attacks of sickness,
attended with violent retching. He was congratulat-
ing himself the other day on the failure of his old
enemy to return, and then he checked himself, as
if he ought not to be too sure of a release from
his plague. On Wednesday morning the com-
plaint returned, and he was in great suffering all
day. He was no better in the evening, and his
servant, about the time of leaving him for the
night, proposed to sit up with him. This he de-
clined. He was heard moving about midnight, and
be must have died between 2 and 3 in the morning
of yesterday. His medical attendants attribute his
death to effusion on the brain. They add that he
bad a very large brain, weighing no lees than 581,
oz. He thus died of the complaint which seemed
to trouble him least. He died full of plans and
hopes. On Monday last be was congratulating
himself on having finished four numbers of a new
novel ; be had the manuscript in his pocket, and
with a boyish frankness showed the last pages to a
friend, asking him to read them and see what he
could make of them. When he had completed four
numbers more he said be would subject himself to
the skill of a very clever surgeon, and be no more
an invalid. Li the fulness of his powers he has
fallen before a complaint which gave him no alarm.
So lately asthe 12th of this month Mr. Tbackeray
was an honoured guest at his beloved "Gray-
friars," on the occasion of the anniversary of the
death of Thomas Sutton, the munificent founder of
Charter House. He was present in his usual hack
seat in the quaint old chapel ; lie went thence to
the "Oration," in the governors' room, and, as he
walked up to the Orator with his contribution, be
was received with such hearty applause as only
Cartbusians c►n give to one who has immortalised
their school. At the banquet afterwards he sat
side by side with his old friend, John Leech, at
the high table, and, in a humorous speech,
proposed the health of the noble foundation
which he has adorned by his literary fame,
and made popular in his works. Last
Tuesday he followed to the grave his relative Lady
Rodd, widow of Vioe-Admiral Sir John Tremayne
Rodd, K.C.8., who was the daughter of Major
James Retina, F.R.S., Surveyor-General of
Bengal, by the daughter of the Rev. Dr. Tbacke-
ray, head-master of Harrow SchooL His valet
called him yesterday morning about 9 o'clock
and found him in his bed quite dead, lying placid,
apparently without having suffered any pain. He
leaves behind him two daughters to mourn his loss.
It is no secret that one of them, inheriting tnuch of
her father's talent, is the author of the " Story of
Elizabeth " in the Cornhill Magazine.
William Makepeace Tbackeray was born at Cal-
cutta in 1811. His father, the son of the Rev.
Richard Thackeray, of Hadley, in Middlesex,
was descended from an old Yorkshire family,
and held a post in the civil service of the East India
Company. The future author was sent to England
in his seventh year, when, the ship having touched
at St. Helena, be saw Napoleon. He has himself
described the incident. " My black servant took
me a walk over paths and bills till we passed a
garden, where we saw a man walking. ' That is
Bonaparte,' said the black ; ' he eats three sheep
every day, and all the children he can lay his hands
on." Thackeray was placed at the school of the
Charterbouse, commemorated iu more than one of
his works in a spirit of affectionate loyalty. From
thence be proceeded to Cambridge, but left the
university without taking a degree. On coming
of age be found himself in possession of a fortune of
20,0001., but not wishing to had an idle life be chose
the profession of an artist, in the pursuit of which
be visited Italy and Germany. For a time he re-
sided at Wiemar when Gothe was at the summit of
Ibis fame, and in a letter to Mr. G. H. Lewes he has
consigned his reminiscences of the greatest of Ger-
i
man poets and critics. The influence of his artistic
studies may no doubt be traced in his writings,
' soma of which are illustrated by sketches from his
: pencil ; but Mr. Thackeray has given the world no
work by which it may judge of the rank he might
have acquired in art had he remained constant to his
first choice of a profession. It was when be was
about six or seven and twenty years of age, and
when his inherited fortune had been much reduced
by losses, that rMr. Thackeray addicted himself in
earnest to literature. His fame, the reward of
steady conscientious industry, weeded slow growth.
His earliest writings are now confounded and for.
gotten with the miscellaneous outpourings of the
anonymous press of that day. The first contribu-
tions be made to literature under a distinctive name
were the tales, criticisms, and descriptive sketches
which appeared in Fraser's Magazine under the
pseudonyms of Michael Angelo Titmarsh, and
George Fitz-Boodle, Esq. The keen observation,
I delicate irony, and refined style of these magazine
' papers attracted the notice of readers like the late
. John Sterling, who predicted the author's future
fame, but left the mass of devourers of monthly'

But this is not the hour or the place to yen- ,
ture to speak critically of one whose loss we
mourn to-day. Can we hare at this saaabssi

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENINGS DECEMBER 25, 1863.

The
1 form
"The

literature urnioneciomii of extraordinary
first of his works witich appeared in a sa
were "Tke Falb Sketch Book " (1840),
Second Funeral of Napoleon," and " Chic
nicles of a Dream," in metre, published together
(1841). But neither these, nor "The Irish Sketch
Book " (1843), made a permanent impression on the
public, which, so faithful to old friends, was in
this case slow to discover unaided merit. Some of
Mr. Thackeray's best smaller pieces, as " The Bog-
garty Diamond"and "Barry Lyndon," appeared in
Fraser.

The foundation in 1841 of a weekly periodical, serv-
ing as a vehicle for the circulation of the lighter
papers of humorists, had unquestionably au im-
portant influence in the development of Tbacke-
ray's talents and fame. From an early date he was
connected with Punch, ut first as the " Fat Con-
tributor," and soon after as the author of the
inimitable "Jeames's Diary" and "The Snob
Papers." If satire could do aught to cheek the
pride of the vulgar upstart or shame social hypo-
crisy into truth and simplicity, these writings
would accomplish the task. Thackeray's name
was now becoming known, and people began to
distinguish and inquire for his contributions. In
1846 he advanced to • higher form of composition
than he had before essayed. His first and perhaps
greatest novel, " Vanity Fair," began to appear in
that year, and being continued in monthly parts,
grew in public favour until, on its completion in
1848, its author was universally recognised as one
of our greatest living writers of fiction. Nowhere
is Thackeray's peculiar power more concentrated
than in this novel, and the heroine—the cool,
clever, unprincipled Becky Sharp—will long re-
main the type of feminine intellect without virtue.
Passing over some small occasional and Christmas
books, " Notes of a Journey from 03oenhill to
Grand Cairo" (1846), "Mrs. Perkins's Ball"
(1847), " Dr. Birch and his Young Friends" (1849),
we come to "Pendennis," the portraiture of a man
of unpleasant character, notwithstanding his sense
of conventional honour, whom Mr. Thackeray
invited the world, " knowing how mean the
best of us is," to receive with charity
"with all his faults and shortcomings, who
does not claim to be a hero, but only a man and a
brother." It was in " Pendennis " that critics
first discovered the tendency, which has since been
frequently charged on Mr. Thackeray, and traced in
nearly all his writings, to dwell by preference on
the dark and unlovely aide of human character, and
hold up the petty and ignoble aide of all things
while overlooking the goodness that exists
in the world. The charge first took a serious
form in • criticism of "The Kikleburys
on the Rhine," Mr. Thackeray's Christmas
book in 1859, and provoked an exceedingly caustic
reply, prefixed to a second edition of the volume
which was immediately called for. In 1851 Macke-
ray delivered at Willis's-rooms a course of " Six
Lectures on the English Humourista," which de-
lighted the most brilliant audiences which have
honoured a literary man in these days, and have
since been numbered with Lis published works. In
1852 "The History of Henry Esmond, Esq.," was
given to the world. As an achievement of literary
art this has usually been considered the greatest of
the author's performances, but if the test of
literature is the interest it excites, " Esmond"
has been surpassed by many of the author's
works which exhibit less technical skill.
The nobler tone of this work may be con-
sidered either as a refutation of the cen-
sures founded on the features of " Penden-
Dim," or as an improvement suggested by the taste
of the public, expressed through the medium of
adverse criticism. " The Newoomes," published
in 1855, revealed a deeper pathos than any of Mr.
I Thackeray's previous novels, and showed that the
author could when he pleased give us pictures of
moral beauty and loveliness. The success of the
lectures on the English Humourists, and the ten-
deny of the historical studies evident in "Esmond,"
led Mr. Thackeray to prepare • series of lectures
ou " The Four Georges," which he first delivered
in the United States. The subject was not fa-
vourable to the display of the author's more genial
qualities : very little that is good could be said of
the Georges. Yet where in English literatureshall
we find anything more solemn and affecting than
his picture of the affliction of the old king, the last
of that name

All light, all reason, all sound of human voices, all the
pleasured' of this world of God, were taken from him.
601114 slight lucid moments he had ; in one of which the
Queen, desiring Loose him, entered the room, and found him
singing a hymn. and accompanying himself at the
harpsichord., When he had finished, he knelt down and
prayed aloud for her, and then for his family,
and then for the nation, ooncludieg with a prayer
for himself, that it might plow God to avert his heavy
calamity from hint, but if not, to give him resignation to
submit. He then burst into tears, and his risme again
What preacher need moralise oo this story ; what
words save the simplest are requisite to tell it? It is too
tenth:* for teary The thought of such a misery smites me
11 down in submission before the Ruler of kings and men,
the Monarch Supreme over empires and republics, the in.
Imitable Dispenser of life, death, happiness, victory. "O
brothers," I said to those who heard me first in America—
'' 0 brothers ! speaking the same dear mother tongue-0
comrades ! enemies so more, let us take a mournful hand
together as we stand by this royal corpse, and cell a truce
to battle ! Low he lies to whom the proudest used to kneel
oaos, and who was cast lower then the poorest; deed whom
millions prayed for in vein. Hush. Strife and Quarrel,
over the &ems grave ! Sound Trumpets, a mournful
march. Fall, Dark Curtain, upon his pageant, his pride, his
grief, his awful tragedy !"
The man who wrote these lines was no cold-
hearted cynic. In 1857 Thackeray solicited the
' suffrages of the constituency of the city of Oxford.
He had an odd way of canvassing, declaring that
his opponent, Mr. Cardwell, was the better
man. The citizens, perhaps, thought that
he would be better engaged in writing works for
posterity than wearing out his life in committee
rooms and late sittings in the House of Commons,
discussing railway and gas bills or fixing the rate of
d uty'oncorks squared for rounding. Atalleventsthey
did not bind him to their service, and in the same
year he was writing and publishing his " Virgi-
nians," the last of his principal novels. In 1860
he became the editor of the Corakill Moraine,
which rapidly attained a degree of swoons without
example in English magazine literature. "Lovel
the Widower" and " The Adventures of Philip"
appeared in its pages, but are not to be compared
with the aeries of fictions by which they were
preceded.
This is not the time to attempt to do justice to
Thackeray's genius and character. Many of the
faults with which he has been charged existed only
in appearance. The work he set himself to do, the
relentless war he waged with hypocrisy, exhibited
the sterner side of his nature, and led people to
speak of him as a cynic with only one text, "Vanity
of vanities, saith the preacher, all is vanity." If
this were true, it might be urged that the age has
flatterers enough in all conscience. But it is un-
true. A tone of benevolence accompanies his
saddest reflections on human life. Let it be re-
corded to his honour that he uniformly employed
his talents to make men better, and that his literary
teachings were supported by the high example of a
correct and honourable life.

orissigs ors
_

EMPRESS 111031 PARIS.

I PRIM. THURSDAY EVINIIIIO.
M. Pelletan took his seat in the Cape latigislatif
to-day without opposition.

i
- -
M. Thiess s now speaking in support of his
amendment to the Loan Bill. The report of the
debate, which you will receive by the next poet,
will deprive the comments of the evening journals
of all interest.

I notice, however, as a resume of the situation,
the statement of the PMWe that "the war policy
so solemnly condemned by the Emperor in the
memorable speech of Nov. 6, so manifestly contrary
to the tendencies of both chambers, and to the
wishes of the country—is now also reprobated by
the most influential members of the democratic
party."
In point of fact MM. Ravin and Gueroult are
at this moment the only prominent advocates of
war in France. They certainly have not a large
following.

General Mieroslaweki writes to the French
journals that M. Bonjean had no authority for
dating in the Renate that he had been dismissed
from his post of " organisator of the Polish
forces except in certain parts of Poland." Prince
Dedham Czartoryslu, however, says that although
at the time he wrote a letter cited by General
Mieroelawski (Nov. 19) he did not know of his
dismissal, he received the news on Dec. 9 direct
from the National Government. There seems,
therefore, to be no doubt that M. Bonjean was cor-
rectly informed on the subject. This incident
shows that grievous divisions among themselves
add to the other misfortunes of the Polish insur-
gents
Nubar Pacha sends the following note to the
Nation :

Hum Pacha think, it beneath the dignity of the govern-
ment which he represents to reply to libellous !mirage and
a mode of proceeding which he abstain, from describing.
He awaits the action which fiL de lemma says he Main to
bring.

The Bonne remains with acareely any change.

PARIS, WIDIMIDAT NIGHT.
M. Goalies report on the bill for • loan of 300
millions commences by stating that • proposition of
that nature could not be too seriously considered,
when it is connected with expenditure as to which
it is the duty of the Chamber to form an opinion,
but that such was not the present case, because
the product of the loan was intended to be applied
in liquidation of liabilities which had already been
sanctioned in preceding sessions. The Chamber,
therefore, in the opinion of the committee, was not
called upon to exercise such • severe control as in
the cast of • new expense ; but it still had a duty,
and that was to assure the fulfilment of the engage-
ments which it bad consented to. The resources of 11
several precediug budgets having proved in-
sufficient, the Treasury was called upon to cover the
deficits, and hence bad arisen a too considerable
augmentation of the floating debt. The question
before them was therefore very simple—there was
no question of any fresh expenditure, but merely
whether the present state of things should con-
tinue, or whether it was not more prudent to
diminish the floating debt by creating new re-
sources for the Treasury. It was a pure financial
measure.

After explaining the well-known difference be-
tween the floating debt, which entails a liability to
reimburse capital at a abort notice, and tbe conso-
lidated debt, which is satisfied by regular payment
of interest, and adopting M. Fould's opinion that
the floating dobt had become too heavy, the report
says :

We hasten to declare that in accepting this financial op..
ration we by no means intend to give the government the
mans of readily incurring fresh expenses beyond those
which our budget affords ; on the contrary, we insist with
ell our strength that the government should confine itself
within the ordinary resources of the budget, and not enter
upon *course of extraordinary expenditure which would

bare the gravest consequences for our future. Let as
henceforth learn to resist the eeductioes of glory : let us be
satisfied to enjoy the glory which we have already, sad in
the tranquil pomention of which we may very hooourably
wish for that pawed which all peoples stand is great need.
lAPPlaseall Let us have peace, and our finances will im-
prove ; we may then spend more upon public works, which
will be • fruitful source of wealth and prosperity for our
populations.

After stating that the committee considered it a
mere matter of course to leave to the government,
conformably to all precedent, as to the time and
manner of negotiating the loan to the beat advan-
tage, whether by public subscription or otherwise,
and after expressing a passing--and probably also
a matter of course—hope that the time might come
when economy would restore the regular action of
the sinking fund which had been long suspended,
the report observes :
Loans are no doubt necessary under curtain extraordinary
circumstances, but they ought not to be consented to with-
oat the firm intention of demanding from yam of peace the
diminution of debts °Detracted in tame of war. (Hear.)

The following conclusion of the report anticipates
to a certain exteotthe opposition amendment which
is now making so much noise :
There is a flail question which has been mooted in your
committee, and me to which the government 001111WWWZ1011
have been heard. We have asked ourselves whether, geeing
that the los& will soon be realised and the proceeds paid
into the Treamui, the Firms lliaister should mediums to
have the discretion given to him by our financial laws to
raise 250 millions annually by Treasury bolls. The govern
meat commissaries are agreed with os that the power may,
without inooevenieeoe, be successively restricted—in 1864
to some extent, and further still in 1865. As to 1864,
we must necessarily take into account the amount
of the present floating debt, in respect of which
the Finance Minister, by 'decree of September 6, was
authorised to issue Treasury bills to the extent of 300 mil-
lions. Furthermore we must not lose sight of the fact that
the lose will only be realized by instalments which will
only provide the Treasury with feeble resources during the
first months of 1864. After, therefore, having admitted the
possibility of reducing, after 1864, the maximum of 250
millions of Treasury,bills fixed by the annual fisancial law,
we have come to the conclusion that the amount of the
diminution to be made will be best Nettled when the Corps
Legislatif come to consider the final budget of 1864. It
is for that reason that we do not sow make this subject
matter for an additional article. In accord with the
government commissioners we reserve the question. We
me the lees inoonveoience in this adjournment bemuse the
Seestos Consultum of Dec. 31, 1861, prevents the govern.
meat from using the resources of the floating debt, except
for expenses authorised by a law ; and if, when the house
L tot sitting, unforeseen and urgent circumstances should
pledge the floating debt to any engagement, the payments
cannot be made until they have been submitted to us.
That is undoubtedly a guarantee which the Corps Legis-
Intl( will not lose sight of.
In a supplement to the report M. Gonin notices
the presentation of the amendment, proposing that
the issue of Treasury bills for 1864 shall not ex-
ceed 100 millions. He observes that the objects of
the movers of the amendment were present to the
minds of the committee, and recapitulates the rea-
sons to which the committee still adheres for
postponing the considetstion of any restriction
upon the issue of Treasury bonds until after the
realisation of the loan, and upon the occeaion of
the settlement of the definitive budget for 1864.
Let me call attention to the great importance of
the above report in this respect, that it emphati-
cally endorses the views of the Senate in favour of
peace.

MM. Davin and de Ls rochejaquelein, the eloquent .off
of IL Hubert Delia* sod Count de Beaumont (of the
Somme)—itopreestious, spoetrophes, and worde which to
as. ha the Bust* thought fit to take *aloe of.
.

So, thee, the matter is settled ; we doll% lika Euphad.
Xde Below would say, perhaps, we ditsst her. Awl why.
if you plum ? Why? Hearer ! yo( have been told us
ones that no one is igooraat of the mum

We dislike England because she is an egotist and a big
ally.

ir A that's slaw enough. Let as tIIIMiIIIII, therefor.,
than two sonata is tha isdicameat.

A bad ally ! &island was not so, it same to us, Idyl
beneath the walls of Sebastopol her beet blood minglad
twenty impagemonts with that of the soldiers of Frame,
No, the grievance is mote moot Let us anise at ones 4
the Noxious badness. The ant runners dale from that
But take an ! Too have two powers to detest : for Bpi*
our second ally at the commencement of the affair, did sot
are to follow us either io ao enterprise which assumsdunit
lonians proportions. Everybody is not equally &Toted to
go and till the soil of Amman and to water it with
their sweat and blood in order that it may be more it
afterwards to receive some sprig of a Europtan dynasty,
That is a glorious experience doubtless, but costly sig
hazardous, the honour and the profit of which oar alliss
have preferred to leave to us. When chivalric Spain her.
self retired, can we be astonished at the retreat of Eaglet*
whose policy sesuredly does not aim at the same renown

To ihis Mt ipievanew another, bran new, has to he
added. Ensisad (honcho rtferetsa) is the only power
which hasdistiactly deelmed that she did not believe is the
*Meaty of a Cooper, sod which has refused to participate
in it. Others hare clearly shown that they did sot M.
Here in it either ; bat the diplomatic hooey with which
their replies were mewed appeared so sweet is flavour that
people have been pleased to see in three replies smelting
lib sequieeosnos.

We willingly admit that with regard to its form the re•
ply of England was not satisfactory. But after all, who
would dare to say that, the British goverment is really
wrong, or even that it has sated badly towards us'' Wlws a
government like that of Great Britain believes, rightly cr,
wrongly, but sincerely, that the proposition submitted to
it is an unreslisabie Utopia, is it not more worthy of it to
declare so frankly than to join, from a frivolous courtesy, is
an attempt which in its opinion would fatally deceive the
hopes of Europe? And if eves, believing la the peal•
bility of a relative success, it decided, as far as it was coo.
corned, not to contribute its part to this work of salverd
abnegation, is there not more freedom, 121011, loyalty, in sb•
staining than in acquiescing. like so many others, under the
reserve of particular interests
No, I repeat it, England haa not betrayed oar *Mace.
But it will be said, its policy at least ',dap Irma sa
odious egotism. This complaint is not new, sad mdarta.
lately it has more than once been justified. England I
not like as, always disposed to take the sword in band for
the defence of the right. of others. Her temperament and
ber internal orgaoiaatios favour but little this noble part.
She has not, like us, an imposing army always ready. Cos•
tioental wars are with her such weighty affairs that she he-
sitates fur a long time to undertake them, and does sot
like to return to them often.

In 1855 she hoped, thanks to our assistance, to humble
the power of the Czar. The moderation, a little ill•tiossd
perhaps, of our government decided otherwise. Ought es
therefore to be much astonished if England, disappoisted
then, has not oared to resume now, at great expease, the
task voluntarily left nothaisbed?