The Express.
London, England, 1852-10-16 00:00:00

OPENING OF THE PARANA AND
URUGUAY.

The intelligence from the Argentine Republic by
this arrival exceeds in importance many preceding
mails. The official Progreso of Buenos Ayres, Au-
gust 31, contains a decree by General Urquiza, pro-
visional director of the Argentine Confederation, by
which the Parana and Uruguay, the noble streams
which drain so large a portion of the interior of
South America, are opened to the ships of all na-
tions. The only conditions attaching to the free nevi-
gation of these rivers are—firstly, that every foreign
vessel allowed to enter must be of more than 120
tons burthen ; and, secondly, that no such vessel will
be allowed to embark or disembark merchandise ex-
cept in appointed ports, where custom-houses are to
be established. For the I'anna tho custom-houses
will be at the towns of Rosario, Parana, and Cor-
rientes, besides one on some part of the coast of the
province of Buenos Ayres, which may be found most
eligible. For the Uruguay. the custom-house will be
at Conception. Further, in the custom-house of
Buenos Ayres all foreign articles of commerce will
be received in bond il solicited by the importer.
The new measure will come into operation on Oct. 1.
Sir George Hotham was received by General
Urquiza on the 11th of August, and delivered his
credential, of which the following is a copy :
" Sir,—The Queen my august sovereign being
desirous to strengthen the bonds of amity and good
will which happily subsist between the two nations,
has entrusted me, in conjunction with the French
Envoy, with a special mission to the Argentine Con-
federation.

"The forbearance and humane consideration for all
interests and all persons which your Excellency
has shown during your recent campaigns, have
inspired her Majesty and the British public at large
with confidence in your wisdom and judgment.
" Her Majesty feels assured that your Excellency
will lend your earliest attention to such measures as
in the execution of my instructions I may at the
proper period bring to your notice, and that you will
consider her wishes are directed to the furtherance
of objects, which, whilst they connect more closely
together the family of nations, she hopes and believes
tend to promote the interest of the countries over
which you preside.
" Sir, I now do myself the honour to present my
aredsstials, convinced that on all occasions you will
lard me support and assistance."
To which General Urquira made the following
reply
Mr. Minister,—The Argentine government,
which feels the most lively sympathy for the British
people and for the government of her Majesty Queen
Victoria, sincerely 'desires to fortify in a
.permanent
manner the bonds of amity that happily exist between
the two states, and that they maybe perpetual, for
their reciprocal benefit and convenience.
"It accepts with cordial complacency the cour-
teous expression which the minister addresses to it,
in the name of his august Sovereign and the British
people, and will endeavour in its policy not to belie
the confidence it has inspired.
" The mission which her Majesty has confided to
your Excellency, conjointly with the French Envoy,
is an eloquent proof of the intentions that animate
the policy of her Majesty, and the Argentine go-
vernment will do everything in its power to draw
closer the relations of amity and commerce between
the two countries.

"It affords me much satisfaction, Mr. Minister, to
receive the powers that have been given to your Ex-
cellency, for the discharge of your mission, and in its
exercise I will lend every possible co-operation, that
it may have a successful issue."
General Urquiza has received the Ilon. M.
Schenck, specially delegated by the President of the
United states to assist the ordinary American
minister at Buenos Ayres. In the course of his brief
y to the minister's address Urquiza said, " The
tical change that was effected on the memorable
of February, had no other object than to render
dhetive the liberal institutions proclaimed from the
ashen declaration of its independence."
The opportune and amicable recognition of the in-
derindence of Paraguay appears to have given great
satisfaction to the commercial public of Buenos Ayres,
that step being a necessary precedent condition of
the opening of the interior rivers of the country.
The following is the treaty by which this important
political act has been effected :
His Excellency the Provisional Director of the Argentine
Confederatios, General Don Just* Joe 6 de Britain, and his
Excellency the President of the Republic of Pompey, Don
Carlos Antonio Lopez, with a view of firing definitively the
relations between the two states, founded on the principle
of reciprocal interest, community of origin, and other cir-
cumstances that naturally unite them, have resolved to
establish in the more necessary part their territorial
limits, establishing at the same time the bean on
which their commerce and navigation are to be ar-
ranged between the two republics; and for that purpose
have named as their plenipotentiaries, viz., his Excellency
the Provisional Director of the Argentine Confederation,
Dr. lion Santiago Derqui; and his Excellency the Presi-
dent of the Republic of Paraguay, Don Benito Varela,
Provisional Minister and Secretary of State of the Foreign
Relations of the Republic; who, having exchanged their
fall powers. end found them in good and due Corm, have
agreed on the following articles :
1. The River Parana is the boundary between the
Argentine Confederation and the Republic of Paraguay,
from the Brazilian possessions to two leagues higher up
than the lower mouth of the Island Atajo.
2. The Island of Yauret.l remains belonging to the terri-
tory of Paraguay ; end that of ApiO, Re., to the Argen-
tine. The other firm or inundable islands belong to the
territory to which they aro nearest.

3. It is stipulated as a special condition of this treat
frank communication between the towns of the Parana y,
San Borja del Uruguay, for the Paraguayan .ind 11 um
• •
posts, with the necessary escorts fur their safety.
4. The River Paraguay, from bank to bank, beloage re
perfect sovereignty to the Republic of l'ar.iguay, tot,
confluence with the Parana.
6.
the two Thesta navigation of the Bermejo is perfectly common
4tes.
6. The landward coast from the mouth of the Bermejo
the River Atsjo, is neutral territory fur the distance of out
leajiue, so that the high contracting parties shall n,, rem
military cantonments, nor police guards, cot even for the
ter _
_ of obeceeing the barbarians that inhah.t the

7. The Confederation concedes to the republic the trot
navigation of its flag through the Parana and its effbent°4
extending to it ad those immunities and advantages thy
civilised governmente, united by special treaties of
cem.
mace, grant to each other; it will not detain, or prevent,
or impose duties on the passage of any mercantile expedi.
tion that may have OCCI4IIIII to puss through the fluvial or
terrestrial territory of the oonfederatMn tu puns of Para.
guay, Sr trim the latter to any other foreign puts, *gime,
subjecting them to fiscal charges, duties, searches, undoing
of packages, eke., Ac., which, at the mime time that the
incommode commerce, annibilete it, Icy alarming it, aria
deterring it from frequenting the most productive routes.
In the same terms as the preceding article, the its.
public concedes to the Argentine flag tie, free navigation
oitfsttleienLateritiutaeyniattotdryies allluento, and a free pecsage through
9. It is distinctly understood that both S'ate, ore en-
titled to dictate the regulations that they may cc:which, •
pedient, to avoid contraband during the transit, to pr,eido
for their security, with a complete reserve of the law_
feel used their perfect sovereignty in thi it fluvial territory.
that is not limited by public law or earth i.e to
10. The Confederation shall gave a free trai.eit through
the Person to other foreign flags, es noon as it has mule 'Lo
arrangements demanded leer the same.
11. The government of the republic of Paraguay, in 4.
medium° with that of the Argentine Confederation, lei::
operate with the means aflicriled it Icy the topoiread,,,,,,,
tuition of the republic, to facilitate the navigation el tis
River Berinejo, removing the obstacles that may tars
formed in its channel, doing certain works that may n n kr
its navigation practicable, and establiebing pcsitiens tee;
may servo as touching points for vessale, in the sass ;ad
places that may be agreed upon and pointed out by b.th€,.
vcrrunents.
12. The government of the republic of Paraguay, 'hit
the case arrives of ics being invited an to d, by that d
the Argentine Confederation, shall sanction Geld NM*.
with previous accord a port in the River Plitoll,4r), at
high up as it may be navigable, so that from it a lend route,
the shortest possible, may be afforded to commeri c thee*
the Paraguayan territory, to the frontier of Bolivia.
13. The Paraguayans established or casually resident ig
the Argentine Confederation, and the Argentines data.
Wished or casually resident in the Ikpublie, shall person-
ally enjoy all the advantages and immunities of thc citizen
themselves, their individual rights being reelected, Lein
betel subjc et only to the civil laws that are in force, tad to
the mode of procedure mat ked out by them.
14. In consequence of the fraternity established b,twees
the two republics, by community of origin, uotereste aad
resaective eituation, the citieens of Paraguay whom there
government may think proper to destine to cultivate theix
talents in the estetilishnivits of higher branches and stuhe•
that may be maintained by the general government of the
Argentine Confederation, shall be considervl on a footing
of equality with Argentine citizens,
15. The present treaty shall be ratified by His Little
limey the President of the Republic of Paraguay sap,
nix days of its date; and within sixty by his fee,„;,,,,,„
the Provisional Director of the Argentina Confederate%
the ratifications to be exchanged in the city of Cor-
rientes.

In testimony whereof the plenipotentiaries sign the ?re.
sent treaty in duplicate, Pealing it wi'h their arm, ad
countersigned by their respective secretaries, in A•ar..a.
capital of the republic of Paraguay, the Kith July,
[L S.] SANIIAI,O Drl:4l. I.
MANI'LI. CARRAL.
[L.S.] BENITO VARELA.
MARIAN,. GONZALES.
. .

The Council of state remitted to General Urquirs,
on the 4th of August, a memorial, on the appina:iaa
of the ex-Dictator Roses, asking that hi, propitty,
which had been confiscated, might be restored to his
agent. 'The Council report favourably on the ap.
plication, considering that the Argentine republic
should deal with Roses less after his desert than '
according to its own honour and dignity. In one of
the passages of their report they say:
"The confiscation of the property of General Itosas
as a political measure the Council unanimously re-
jects. Confiscations, in the opinion of the Council,
even should they be practised in the name of li,ierty,
I almost always servo to fortify arbitrary power,
and to enslave communities. ('ontiscation,
evitably prepare civil war. Civilisation con-
demns them : they are erased as a political
punishment in the codes of all civilised nations; and
are not to be tolerated, unless when the property
happens to be employed, according to the opportune
expression of your Excellency, as an instrument
against society, and as a means of attack against the
established order. But even so the council would
not vote for the exception, except as to the tempo-
rary occupation of the property, which would break
the arm destined to wound the country. The Min.
Cil will not conceal from your Excellency its immense
satisfaction, should the case submitted to its opinion
give occasion to a special declaration of your Excel-
lency, fortifying the right of property, already re-
cognised as inviolable by our laws, and condemning
confiscation as a crime of treason against the
country."
Urquiza replies by a decree concluding thin:-
- - -

Art. 1. All the property belonging to the ex-governor of
the province, General Don Juan Manuel de Roams, shall be
delivered up, in the state in which it may be found, to lu
agent, Don Juan Nepomuceno Terrero.
Art. 2. Consequently the decree of the IGth February of
the present year, by which it wu declared confiscated, is
abolished.
Art. 3. The present decree shall be submitted to the sane.
dm of the General Constituent Congress.
Art 4. Let it be communicated to whom it may concern,