The Express.
London, England, 1864-07-28 00:00:00

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(nom oos own!

PARIS. WIDNIEDAT EVIDMIG.

The Pays says that we have as yet but Yes;
little information as to the negotiations for peace
now going on at Vienna in a little salon on the
first-floor of the State Chancery, situate between
the ante-room and Count de Rechberg's study, and
two windows of which look out upon the fortifica-
tions. The only thing certainly known is that K
de Quaade, the Danish plenipotentiary, declares
that he is furnished mitt unlimited powers subject
only to ratification by his government.
I apprehend that M. de Quaade is at Vienna to
submit to whatever harsh conditions the conquerors
may think it safe to dictate without too greatly
provoking France.
The Empress, now at St. Cloud, will join the
Emperor at Vichy at the end of this week. It is
arranged that their Majesties leave Vichy on
August 6, and it is expected that in returning to
Paris they will visit several i-on foundries in the
Bourbonnais and the Loire. During the King of
Spain's visit to Paris the Emperor will review the
National Guard.

The opposition has made a very respectable fight
for the vacant seat in the Ardeche. M. Chalamet
obtained 11,617 votes against the government can-
didate, the Marquis de La Tourette, who was
elected by 17,312. In the Dordogne, where
there was also a vacancy, the triumph of
the administration is more complete, Count
Boudet having polled 21,380 against 3,109. The
Opinion Nationale observes that the government
only claims the Marquis de la Tourette as its can-
didate now that be is elected. The Constitutiontiel
and the Pays never canvassed for him, but left
that duty to the Frawce and the Garet& de Prance.
Re was, in fact, the candidate of the clerical party,
and the victory is for the priests of the department,
who threatened his opponents with eternal damna-
tion.

It is said that Prince Couza, that promising
pupil of Napoleon HI., is shortly coming to Paris
to talk over the results of his coup d'itat in the
Danubian Principalities.
The news has reached Paris, but without details,
that the workmen in the tobacco manufactory, a
government establishment, are on strike. M.
011ivier's new law on coalitions, which you will
remember cans the subject of much controversy at
the time of its passing, is now again on the tapir,
in consequence of a lawsuit just decided at Mar-
seilles. The ticket porters of that city form, as
is well known, • powerful corporation. They
lately passed a new rule declaring that no member
of their body should accept any employment what-
ever without having first obtained the leave
of tho council of the association. Eighty-three
porters having, in contempt of this decree,
taken service with the Marseilles Dock Company,
they were struck off the rolls of the ticket porters'
company. The Marseilles court has decided that
the above clause, which, undoubtedly, would have
been illegal under the old coalition law, is illegal
still, as being an attempt to coerce third parties ;
and it has ordered the company, under penalties,
to restore the eighty-three men to their lists.
There can be no doubt that the government might,
if it pleased, have taken criminal proceedings
against the authors of the resolution. The Siide
quite approves of the judgment of the Marseilles
court in this instance, although it does not ag:ee
with M. Darimon, the deputy, and M. 011ivier's
henchman, that the case conclusively establishes
the merits of the new law. At Lille the workmen
have begged the representatives of the department
to draw up a manual explanatory of the law so that
they may know what sort of coalitions are 'and
what are not lawful. I am afraid they presume
too much upon the sagacity of their deputies when
they impose such a task upon them. However, I
am told that the deputies mean to try.
The Bourse closed heavily under the apprehen-
sion of a further rise of discount in London. Rente
for account, after being quoted at 66/r. lk., lett off
at bar. 5c., with • fall of 50. Mobilier fell
10fr. The Comptoir d'Xicumpts, in which a
large speculative business has been lately
done, and which yesterday rose considerably.
fell 22fr. 50c. The cause of the favour which this
security has enjoyed within the last few days is
stated to be that, owing to the success of its
branch establishments in India and China, its
reserve of 10 millions, which was not expected to
be made up till next year, is realised already. It is
also announced that the coming dividend will be the
largest yet paid. The general meeting takes place
in a few days, and people are trying to discount
the results of the explanations expected then to be
given.

A Paris letter in the Gironde says :—" A aad
piers of news has been circulating here during the last few
days. IL Gonead, the composer of Faust sad Miredle, is
reported to have teen taken to a private lunatic asylum at
St. Cloud. Hie case, however, is not considered hopeless.
Y. Goanod had made an engagement to write a work for
Germany, sad it is supposed that excessive application
brought on temporary insanity."

NAVAL Disc! ruse. —The new Naval Discipline
Bill which is passing through parliament is a model of •
bill, so far as its mechsniern is oincerned. All new elan..
or new words altering the existing law are printed in italics;
all words that are in the lan act, but are omitted now, are
printed with • line struck through them. If Hack and white
would keep poor Jack moral, the bill ought to be Weans!.
There is dismissal from her Majesty's service with disgrace,
forfeiture of pay and imprisonment not exceeding two years,
and with or without hard labour and corporal punishmeot,
tot "being guilty of say preface oath, curving. execration,
drunkenness, unclearness, or other scandalous action io de-
rogatioe of God'. tumour and nerruption of good mannen."
INSPRCTION OF THE VICTORIA RIFLES. —The
annual inspection of tits members of this corps by Colonel
Morris, C. 11., took piece last evening on the grounds ad-
jacent to the headquarter,' of the mg. at Kilburn. The
regiment numbered about SCD men. It was under the com-
mand of the Duke of Wellington, Major Greenhill, Captain
Dickenson. Senders, Wilmot, Hay, Aldine., and other
dims. The volunteer+ having hoe put through • variety
of orovionseta, which were performed in en efficient mew,
the inspecting officer briefly addressed them. He said,
although be had seen other corps go through the various
evolutions with greater precision, yet, on the whols, We in-
spection of the gorge was most satiefactory. Tins hispestioe
that terminated.

•.
's Lt- , JUL • 28,
I 4.
E ARTS. •
• 11 lON OF ST. PAM% -
• Tbe Ul2' • of the first of the mthalb plot
is the spandrels of the arches which support the girt d
offers an opportunity for noticing what progress boa been
made in the decoration of the noble metropolitan cathedral,
and the parrs the nadattakiag holds out of being worthy
of the grand work of our one great English architect. It is
now, Imbiber, seer ten years since the Dean and Chapter
directed their attention to the decoration. in addition to the
substantial repair, of the cathedral, and Kr. Pearees, the
able surveyor and architect of the building, was employed
in considering the design of Sir Christopher Wren as to the
completion of his grand work with colour, and some other
details of ornament. Various derennents and memoranda
left by Wren have enabled Mr. Perces to make himself
' acquainted with the great architect's original design, and
we have had the opportunity at seeing a model of the
interior, entirely decorated in the manner proposed by Mr.
Prior as the development of Wren's idea for the decora-
tion of the interior. To demi* but very inade-
quately, this fine scheme, we should say that it
proposes to cover all the sculptural ornamental
work in relief with gold, the smaller enclosed surfaces
being filled with arabesques in subdued oolour, and the
principal spaces, Inch u the vaults of the root, the sides of
the dome, and the spandrels between the arches, with
pictures In proper colour exerted in mosaic ; the windows
being also filled with painted glass of the same style as the
architecture. It is remertrable that Wreak should have him-
self proposed this method of decimation, no doubt being
fully alive to the peculiar advantages of monk in the decors-
Son of interiors of such immune size, although Sir James
Thornhill was set to work to paint in chin? cern the walla
of the whispering gallery. At that time to talk of mosaic
work on that male would have been viewed by the Dean sad
Chapter as a mere utopian scheme of the enthusiastic
architect ; it would have been impossible to have found the
artist.workmen to undertake large and Important work
of this kind, if the artiste had lived in that time who could
have designed the subjects. Sir James Thornhill's work,
although so recently restored by Mr. Paris, might well have
been spared, and we should hope may Dome day give place
to • design more in keeping with the general scheme of
colour. As it is now in its beet dregs of clean cold colour,
it is feeble and similar, Drat alleuggestiveof things celestial.
as the interior of a dome should be. Time will soon inevit-
ably reduce this work in oil painting to a dull and indis-
tinguishable mom of heavy colour, and then we shall begin
to wish for the everlastiug purity and brighter@ of the
atomic pictures. However, such fortunately has been the
demand for church decoration of late years that the old
art workshops of Italy have been stirred mice more, and
Murano has beau set to work as vigorously as in the days, a
thousand years ago, when the Greek mosaic workers were
busy in the dome of Si. Mark's, at Venloe, when to this
hour their pictures an shedding fresh and glorious beauty
down upon the worshippers. From this very Murano came
the first of these mosaics to fulfil the wish and complete the
design of our Bramante. This has Leen formed upon the
picture designed by Mr. Alfred Stevens, a sculptor cf
abi-
lity, who seems to emulate the example of great artiste of
old, is being painter as well, under the direction of Signor
Salviati, the principal maker of mosaics at Murano. Before
speaking of the dirge sod the picture it will be
well to say a word as to the fact of this im-
portant work berg areuted thread, at a time
when our exhibitions at South Kensington and others are
showing vet/ excellent specimens of mantic decoration. It
wall naturally be asked by many disposed to be patrons of
national sit why these men are not encouraged, and why
has not the school of South Kensington been engaged in
this important national work of art. The dimple &newer
we find is, that the Italian workman is satisfied with hes
than half the wages of an English art workman, and does
his work better. The very best art workman in mosaic
employed upon this picture was paid 101. a day. The
whole cost of the work, including &Miring it in the spandrel,
which has only commie& two months, amounts to 7001., a
sum probably some hundreds less thaa it could have been
dooefor by English workmeo. We are not aware whether the
same applies tothe painted windows, which are also beings:.
routed abroad, in Munich, of ter deaignaby Professor &ham ;
but if not it is clearly desirable that the work should be
done satisfactorily to those entrimted with the general en-
dertakieg, although it would have been doubly gratifying
to see the one really grand example of modern architecture
we can boast entirely the work of English art. By far too
many good things have been spoilt by the absurd prejudice
for having everything home-made : our art workmen will
reach a high standard so long as they know they will
be preferred because they are English, and not because they
are good artists. Everyone most feel that the ideal of art
is entirely removed from any considerations as to the coon-
tr r where it happens to be found. The ancient Greeks'
rued and painted for the Romans ; in later times they
worked for the Helium, and their sureasors, who learnt of
them, decorated with mosaic many of the churches of I taly—
the chapel of the Madonna del Soccorso, St. Peter's, and the
Chigi chapel io Sta. Maria del Popoio, where are the beau-
tify' mosaic pictures of the Creation designed by Raphael,
and the work of Ladovieo di Pre. These last named, which
may be referred to by the set of outlines recently published
by Dr. GI tater, are in the same style which has necesaa-
rily been adopted in the mosaics for St. Paul's.

With regard to the choice of mosaic as the form of picto-
rial decoratioo, there cannot be a moment's hesitation as to
its fitness.. Beyond its immense advantages of retaining its
colour pure in • smoky atmosphere, and possessing in its
golden ground • reflex of side light that throws up the pic-
ture when there may be little daylight in the interior, the
mosaic picture is necessarily freed from any of the over
minute touching which destroys the character and
boldness of our modern fresco painting. This mosaic
of Mr. Stevens may not be more meritorious in its
art than the fresco paintings in the Rouses of Parliament,
but it is unquestionably • grander and more impressive
work ; the very nature of the work compels simplicity and
power combined. Anything expended upon refinement
would be destructive of the effect of a work of this kind
viewed from a distance and at a great height. The subject
of this first picture is the Prophet Isaiah, and the artist has
followed the treatment of Michael Angelo end Raphael in
representing the prophet in • decidedly academic attitude,
turning eagerly towards a tablet which an angel boldest his
side, while another angel wale with another tablet.
There is no pretence at a naturalistic feeling ia
the work, and we are glad to me this, as it
would have been out of keeping with the style of the
architecture ; it may be • question, indeed, whether
the attitude of Irish is not almost too Michael Angelesque
The colouring is extremely simple, chiefly red drapery with
blue in the scarfs of the angels, the golden ground giving
all the brilliancy and variety of tint required. From same
positions the effect of this one picture is extremely fina, and
it serves to convey some idea of the splendour of the whole
series when complete. It is intended to adorn the vault of
the Dave and transepts with pictures illustrative of the
church militant, with various emblems of Christ and the
Cress. The eight spandrels round the dome will be occupied
with prophet', while the dome Reel( is to be filled with a mag-
nificent work in gold and colour embodying the conoep.
tie, of the church triumphant. The choir is already
highly decorated with gilding and arabesques, and await'
the painted windows at the east-end, sad a splendid Bal.
darrhino, in accordance with the original design of Sir
Christopher Wren. Two of the windows have been pre-
sented by the Goldsmiths' Company and the Drapers', and
two others by Dr. Rogers and Mr. Thomas Brown, of the
firm of Lawman and Co., the great publisher, ; the remain-
ing seven will have to await till funds are subscribed.
Barely the City of Londos, and the rich City companies
ought to be envious of the honour the Goldsmiths and the
Drapers have done themselves, and at once choose their
window. One feast the lees would almost furnish the funds
for this tribute, so inexpressibly graceful and worthy. At
peewit the funds at disposal for the purpose stand
at the low sum of 1,6001.. when it is calculated
that 10,0001. a-year would be required to complete the
cathedral io five years. The 1,6001. is • miserably poor
and inadequate aunt to all a asthma subscription, and it is
to be hoped those who have a sympathy with art in this
country, and • pride is seeing oar few great national build.
logs cared for, will take fresh heart from seeing this fine
work in 1330114iC, and not osly subscribe to the best of their
own means, but aid in crating an interest in the noble
undertakinr. The work once begun will go on, it may be
mid ; but it will take twenty years to complete it at the
present rate, and then few of as indeed can hope to see it in
all its beauty. Unless some increased effort is made even
this one series of pi.itures cannot be finished for several
years ; but we have the greatest confidence in saying that
there is ample promise is this first example of the artist's
ability, and that its merit, as well as the elevated purpose
which it cascaras, have the strongest claim upon the public
support and interest.

CZTATAL PALACI. OAZ SHILLING DAT. •••
WIDSTISDAT, JOLT oo pagarst, 7.506;
ditto by Burgos rotor, 2,958 ; total. 10,463.

imeam-.

LA/fWIN 4LIGENCE.
OWN DAT.)
• 401/4„:
HOUSE OF LORDS.-APPEALS.

YELVERTON v. YELVERTON.

The decision of the homes ia tide came was delivered to-
day. The facts have been so ellen reported, and the argil-
made during the buries have beta ast down at such length,
that they must be familiar to the puddle. It may mad"
therefore, to say that the respondent is Merle Theresa
Yelvertoe, formerly Lengwortb, and she chime to be the
lawful wife of Major William Charles Ytiverton, • son of
Lord Avonmore, and now heir-presumptive to that title,
formerly of the Royal Artillery, by virtue of a ceremoey
and form of promise of marriage gone through between the
parties in Edinburgh, and which the respondent cootie&
is a good marriage according to the law of Scotland, and
also in virtue( • ceremony of marriage gone through between
them wording to the rites it the Roman catholic chunk. at
Radrevor, in Ireland. After the marriage the appellant
and respondent cohabited together for some time es man
and wife, but in about a year after the alleged marriage, the
appellant married smother lady, Mrs. Forbes, widow of the
late Professor Forbes, of the MtivereltY of Edinburgh. In
conaequeoce of the claim set up by the respondent to be his
wife, the appellant brought a suit is the Court of Session
in Scotland, the object of which wee to have it declared that
he was free from all matrimonial bonds in relation to the
respondent, and the respondent simultaneously brought her
snit to have it declared that she wee by the law of Scotland
the wife of the appellant. These suite were practically
brought to trial together in the court below, and, in the
first instance, the Lord Ordinary made an interlocutor by
which he decided that the respondent mu not tbe wife
of the appellant; and en an appeal taken to the
judges of the first division of the Inner Horne, this decision
was reversed by a majority of the judges, the Lord Presi-
dent being in the minority, and an interlocutor was made
declaring the respondent to be the lawful wife of the
appellant by the law of Scotland. Against this decision the
present appeal was brought, and was argued for some 12
days before this house by Mr. Bolt and Sir Hugh Cairns for
the appellant, and by the Attorney-General and the Lord
Advocate for the respondent.
The Lord Chancellor said that the respondent sought to
essablish the fact of her marriage in the court below, first,
on the ground of a present promise made between the par-
ties ; secondly, if that contract wee not sufficient, there
was a subsequent marriage followed by oohabitatiou in
Scotland. There was • subsequent religious core-
muoy in Ireland, but on the court below having
ceded that point, the respondent had no right to plead
it in this appeal, and he should not consider that question.
but confine himself to what constitutes Scotch marriage.
As to the first point, that there wee an immediate pro-
mise of marriage by mutual consent between the parties in
Edinburgh on April 12, 1857, he agreed that there must be
a complete mutuality of oonsent to make • marriage ; bat
the facts neceseary to show a complete contract were allowed
• wide latitude by the 4, of Scotland. When a marriage
is alleged to be made by mutual consent, it is neounary
that there mint be certainty or allegation of time and
place at which the promise wee made. la his judgment,
however, where marriage was pleaded by parties 4 Scot-
land by mutual consent, it was not necessary to prove
the particular place and time at which the deliberate
promise was made, and the rule as laid down by the
Lord President wee in his opinion put too strictly.
The form of the promise, as alleged by the respoodent, wee
the weeding of the marriage movies of the church of Eng-
land, and the Lord President urged that there wee no evi-
dence of it preserved by interchange of writing, or by the
evidence of persona peeeset. It wee true that this omis-
sion had weakened the respondent's power of proving her
we, but her statement was in accordance with the whole of
her we, which was that the marriage was to be kept secret,
sod wee sonata after the parties had visited the Continent in
1858. Bat then were is the correspondence may allusions to
the °maniere; of the 12th April which went to prove the truth
of the allegations of the respondent ; such as one written
in • letter of 12th July, in which the respondent raid that
it was three months before that the appellant
had azquired • right to call her his own. Hs wee
of opinion that the respondent had achieved • marriage
on the 12th of April, but ref used cohabitation, central y to
the P Ilrmatioo of the appellant, until a subsequent religious
ceremony was performed. It was much to the respondent's
credit that she made this denial, as an admission of
cohabitation at that time would have been to her advan-
tage io one view of the can, as it would have folly com-
pleted the marriage "de preseati " in Scotland. It via
alleged that for three or four years before the alleged
marriage in Scotland, in a long correspondence, the re-
spondent made indecent overtures to induce the appellant
to marry her. and failing that, to iodate him to enter into
• cormeniois of • different character. This past was
laboured at great immerge on behalf of the appellant, aid all
he (the Lord Chancellor) would remark on that point wee,
that it wam • most unwarrantable deduction. Quoting
some of the passages from which this deduction
was attempted to be draws, his lordship stated that the
contrary was to be inferred. When the parties came to
Edinburgh in 1857, they met for the purpose of arranging
how the secret which bad been for years contem-
plated by them could be carried out, and that • promise to
marry wee given. It was alleged by the appellant that
intercourse took place between the parties at this time, but
no proof wee given of it, and it was disbelieved by the
jades. below. The falsehood of this assenice ought
to be taken into consideration in dealing with this
case. A cot:apeman of the lady, Mies M'Farlane,
and the persons is whose house she lodged proved
that there was no opportunity for each intercoune, bat
that the appellant visited her as an accepted suitor. Lack-
ing at the correspoodence after the date when the riligni
• took place, it would appear that the respondent
left iuburgh to avoid the importunities of the appellant
to be allowed to consummate the marriage, until after some
religious ceremony bad taken place. It was difficult, how-
ever, in considering that corramoodenee to say more Ursa
that it appeared that there was • promise to marry—some
solemn engagement to that effect. On reeeinug some mar-
riage cards of • Mr. and Mn. Shears, the appellant affected
to believe that the respondent bad married Mr. Shears ; and
he said " that he hid base placed in • damask position with
raped to her, and an of all others the most painful—vii.,
that be hid romised to do more than he could have per-
formed when the time came." This wee an elaborate piece
of affectation; end it did not derogate from the
deduction that Uwe had been • promise to marry,
and that inference was streagthened by the reply
of the respondent, in which she said that she had sacrificed
all but Gcd to him. The true deduction from this part of
the correspondence waa that the lady firmly believed that
there was a solemn engagement of marriage between them ;
almost made perfect by a legal form and requiring • reli-
gious ceremony to be binding on her conscience. After this
difference there was a reconciliation, and things went me
their previous footing, the cotrespoodeoce
a part of that which took place proceeding
the
ineetiog of the parties at Waterford in July had been
destroyed, but, on the whole, be (the Lord Chancellor) had
come to the ooerlusion that the respondent after meeting
the appellant at Waterford, and relying on the promise of
an immediate marriage, the lady permitted co-habitation
before the ceremony which took piece at Rostrevor.
The evidence gainsaying this on the part of the
respondent be did not credit, but was of opinion
that cohabitation recurred at Watinford. Whether the
respondent relied on the Scotch or the Irish marriage, she
was entitled to the benefit of the fact that she stated what
had occurred ia Scotland, and subsequently, to the Roman
catholic bishop, who wee of opinion that no further mar-
riage ceremony was neosanary ; but on her re-
presentations be consented to the performance
of a cerenmoial which wee not an integral
marriage, but • renews! of the matrimonial consent,
the form used being that adopted according to the Roman
catholic ritual when only a renewal of a marriage was is-
beaded. Much comment had been made on the fact of Mr.
Mooney, the priest who performed this ceremony, having
giving • certificate sofa regular marriage, and although It
was alleged that this was only intended for ;corpora, of
baptism of a child abroad, yet it was • most repro
heosible proceeding, and tended much to render the
evident.) of Mr. Mooney queetiatable. But on the other hand
his account of the ocremonv performed at Roatrevor was con-
finned, and it might be taken that it occurred as stated by
bier. This being so, he (the Lord Chancellor) thought
there was nothing granting to show by ex post facto acknow-
ledgmeet that a previous marriage hod taken place
between the parties, and this notwithstanding the
allegation of tee appellant that he only went through
a form to satisfy the conscience of the lady. On
their return to Scotland the parties lived together
es mac and wife. It was to be gathered from the corm-
spondaic. which subsequently took place that the appellant,
in conternplatioe of the birth of a child, treated the eon.
seliou between him sad the respondent as a marrisge,
though he still insisted an its being • secret ace ; the lady
having chosen this opportunity as a favourable ea* ler a
public declaration of the marriage. Lord Brougham, who
bad been obliged to lases, had requested him to state that he
was of opinion that them wee a promise of marriage "de
presenti.".

Lord Chelmsford, interposing, said it warn sot regular that
the opinion of a noble and learned lord is a ease under coo-
sideration should be cited in support of the opinions of
another member of the house.
The Lord Chancellor said that be had often seen that course
tskeo, though such statement would not weigh with the
home, but he would rather mate so contrormy en the
matter. Resemiog his own judgment, be said that if the
widows, failed to elbow the first point, that there was an
immediate mutual comet to marry, there was proof of a
promise to marry in titan', followed by cohabitation is
timtland, and this, aooording to Scotch law, furnished a

presumption that "copula" was the result of pre, i 0.4
matrimonial consent. The only question was whether there
was sufficient proof of such a promise. It wan not meatus
that the promise should be in writing, but it was necessary
that there should be indirect evidence in writing of such a
promise having been given, and circumstantial evidence in
this respect was often more effectual than what was called
direst griddled*. Triehd by this nth, in the letters of the
appellaot, to which e had alluded, taken in coonexion
with other circumstances, there arse sufficient to utudy
the rule of law that there must be written evidence of
promise to marry. It was alleged that this amounted to a
pregame relating to marriage, and not to a promise to marry,
bat be was of opinion that the evidence in question wu not
oto any such subtle distinction. It was aeosesary that there
should have been sexualaintercoune to make the eviden
of the promise complete, and he was of opinion that there.
spondent by consenting to cohabitation in Ireland did in
on the faith of the promise of marriage given in Scotland.
It was urged that the cohabitation to Scotland was to he
referred to the marriage in Ireland, and not to the previous
premise in Soothed ; bet he was of opinion that this w,s g
emacinelon which was not warranted by the law. The case
wee reduced to the question whether the cohabitation in
Scotland was to be referred to the previous marriage in
Scotland. He wan of opinion that that was the case, and
that according to the Scotch law the appellant and re.
'pendent were legally man and wife.
Lord Wensleydale, who was most indistinctly heard, was
understood to state his view of the requirements of the
Scotch law neoessary to establish a marriage, and to 1,1
down distinctly that the marriage which took place
between the parties in Ireland was void. Stating
these two point. as to the Scotch marriage, namely whether
there was a promise to marry " per verbs de preseuti,"
and whether there wee • promise to many de Siture,
followed by cohabitation, be said that he had
come to the decided conclusion that there was no
proof of promise of marriage per verbs de presenti. As to
the second point it appseud to him that the evidence failed to
establish an acknowledgment of promise to marry in future,
and with regard to cohabitation it was necessary to have found
that that took place within twenty-one days after such a
promise in Scotland ; and there was not enough is
the evidence with regard to whet took place in
Ireland to bring the cue within that rule. Os
• review of the whole correspondence and circuit.
stances it was impossible to cone to the conclusion
that there was any complete and unconditional promise to
many between the parties up to the time at which
they returned to Scotland from Ireland; nor was
them anything In the enheequent correspondence "%Wicket
to supply that proof ; and it was to be gathered from the
logien of the remoodent that she had no complete promise
on which to rely, for she even stated that he had performed
more than he had promised.
Lord Chelmsford said the question to be decided being
whether the appellant and respondent were lawfully man
and wife—the cans of proof of marriage bag
on the respondent, who asserted that she was
lawfully married by • marriage " per verbs
de pres4inth" by an acknowledgment of a promise to
marry in Intern," followed by , . • copula," and by a
marriage in Ireland. It was not in favour of the respon-
dent that she relied on three alternative marriages, the
proof of all and each of which was to be extracted
from a mass of evidence sod correspondence laid before the
house. It wee not aeoessary to enter into the question of %boor°.
priety of the reepoodent's conduct at her first meeting with the
appellant on board the steamer on the passage from Boulogne,
or in the renewal of the acquaintance by letter by the
respondent ten months after a single interview, or any ef
the correspondence which ensued. It appeared that both
parties bad entangled themselves ia • romantic
correspondence, with what ulterior views it was
not indispensable to dwell on more than as au introduction
to the case, as it culminated ia the meeting of the partial in
Edinburgh. Having glanced at the relations exist*
between them at Constantinople and in the Crimea, he
stated his opieion there was nothing in the circumstances of
that time to show that there was any promise to many
by the appellant, although the respondent took mina
always to prom upon him that such a promise
had been then made ; although the marriage was to
he private. The appellant denied that he had urged a mar.
risme, even of one, necessarily irregular, in • Greek chapel
at Gahm ; but be admitted that great familiarities took
place between them, although there was oo evidence
of these facia. The conclusion be drew from the
circumstances of this period was that the respondent be-
lieved in the probability of • marriage between her and the
appellant, on which her feelings and perhaps her pas-
sions seemed to have strongly set. But if any
such promise had been made, it bad been withdrawn beton
the parties separated eo the Crimea, and this was
shows by the palpable absence of say preparation
or apparent predisposition on the appellant's part
to marry when they met in Soothed, where the
material points of the was arose. The respondent pro.
oeeded to Edinburgh evidently for the purpose of
meeting the appellant there, where aloes the alleged
Scotch marriage eoeld have taken plese. having
stated the two h ems of legal marriage in Scotland,
he was of opinion that there had been no such "copula" in
S wetland as would constitute • legal marriage acoordier to
the Scotch law, The " copula " was necessarily to be
I local, and it was impossible to connect that which was
alleged with the previous promise, nor could a re.
Dews! of cohabitation, which had originally been
illicit, be referred to any alleged promise to
many which occurred after that illicit cohabitation
had taken place. In the first proceedings which
the respondent took in Scotland to establish her
marriage she relied entirely on the marrius In
Ireland, and made no allusion to any right fouWed oa
• promise to marry in Scotland, and this was a presumption
against the case which was subsequently set up. He had
examined the facia with the utmost cars, and he bad ar-
rived at a conclusion wholly inespeetive of feeling;
and while being of opinion that there WAS mach
to blame in the conduct of both parties, be was of opinion
on the @video"), and the law applicable to the cam that the
respondent had faised to establish her claim to be the lawful
wife of the appellant, and that the interlocutor appealed
against must be reversed.
Lord Kingselown, having pronounced against the Irish
marriage, and bean stated the allegations of the re.
spoodent as forming the basis of the cue, mid that these
astonish were not very mealiest with the oircumetames

VI they appeared in evidence. It WY the respoodeat • i.e
that from the first the appellant pressed fora secret msr-
riage ; but the allegations of the appellant were is direct
contradiction to these statemeotr. The objections which
he made to the respondent's pressure for a mu-
' riage, and which were based on family obstacles, would
have been as applicable to a secret as to a
public marriage. It was dear that the appellant, at
the early part of the correspondence, was writiog in a way
to alienate the respondent's affections, and his °wind was
mach sa to lead to a belief that he was dolma of avoiding
the danger of is meeting her. After all that bad that
occurred, and after • long correspoedence, the respoodeot
went down to Scotland to meet the appellaet, and the
evidence, in his judgment, of what occurred, was
such ae not to show either that a marriage took
place between them, or that any promise to marry
passed between them. But the respondent, perhaps sup-
' peeing that something of the kind had occurred, proceeded
to induce the appellant to go through a religious oerernocy
with her; that idea hay* occurred to her previously, when
she had urged a meeting at Manchester. The pat ties met
I. Ireland and travelled together aa man and wife before the
ceremony took place at Roetrevor, eltheugh the rrepoodat
denied that intercourse took plum between them 1-fore
that ceremony. This was assented to by the spoollsot
mainly with • view to satisfy the lady's cooscreace,
and without any notion of marriage. The intentions of the
appellant were to be gathered from his letters, sod eves if
they pointed to 6.'7 design of marriage after the obstacles
alleged by him arising from family reasons were removed, it
was clear that they were not referable to a Scotch marriage
or prowl,' to marry. On the whole, he was Denim that She
respondent had failed to establish a valid marriage with the
appellee, and therefore the judgment of the court below
oughte to be reversed.
jadgmeet ot the house, therefore, by • majority of
threenoble and learned lords to one, was that the decisioe of
the court below be reversed, and the minims between the
appellant and the respondent be declared to be void.

COURT OF PROBATE AND DIVORCE.
(Before the Judge Ordieery.)
BANCROFT r. BANCROM-PART BRAM

' This morning Mr. Montagu Chambers, Q.C., replied on
behalf of the petitioner.
Sir J. Y. Wilde summed up at ooes'ulerable length, ob-
serving there could be no doubt that a shameful fraud Lai
been proctised upon the husband—a fraud well calculated to
campmate anyone that bad the feelings ohs man. It was sot
oely that the petitioner bad before her marriage bid
child by her uncle, and that the fact had been concealed
from the impudent ; but the child was actually brought
to his bowie. and passed off as hie wife's niers.
It was sot therefore at all surprising that
he should have fallen into a very angry and a very sus-
pickier state of mind. It must be remembered that the
wife had lived for Id rears with her brother-in-lie,
and if there had been soy intrigue between
them before the marriage it might not impos-
sibly have been renewed within three weeks after-
wards ; otherwise it would be a most singular thing if a
wife bad so quickly gone astray. On the other hand it
was ronteeded that the whole charge was a trumped-
up story, the only object of which was to enable
a hustisod to get rid of a wife of whom he was tired. It
would, therefore, be most materiel to uncertain bow the farts
may stood. The learned judge thee read over a great por-
tion of the evidence, and was so engaged when we watt to
prem.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Bofors Mr. Commis:beer Cieslbws.)
IN HE W. PALWZR.
The beak apt, described as a mariser, of Commerci.d.
road, cause before the mart, crying 1201. oaly. The debu
were of meet contraction ; the bankrupt bad not been nod
or premed be his creditors ; and at the last sitting an ad-
journment bed base ordered that he might make a propod
tolls creditors. _ _ _

—ii;.—Alcfrid—re elated that no eoo► propond had been
leads, and the bankrupt did not now appear.
Adjourned eine die.

We wee a ease is wbicla a similar order bad been made.
TherbeekrapS waa described MS a beam, c 4 Upper Hide.

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