The Express.
London, England, 1863-08-03 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 3, 1333.

of b/d. per ton for the sewage applied ; which is
above Professor LIZ9IO'B calculation. But, on the
other hand, certain experimenters have found that
very much greater quantities were necessary to
yield any profit at all. Chief among these doubters
is a Government Commission, which for some years
has been experimenting at Rugby. It is mainly
directed by Mr. Laws, who is • leading manufac-
turer of phosphates for the use of farmers, and
who is a very distinguished practical chemist, and
author of a series of most interesting and impor-
tent experiments upon animal and vegetable nutri-
tion. It is very possible that, had this gentleman
added some of his own manufactured phosphates
to the natural sewage of Rugby, his results might
have been brought in accordance with those of
other observers. The probability is enhanced by
the circumstance that his experiments were con-
ducted on meadow land, which is well known often
to require a special dose of bones to restore what
grazing has carried off from it. At least we may
suggest this experiment, over and above proper
drainage and cultivation, the want of which has
hitherto vitiated any results which the Govern-
ment trials at Rugby have yielded.
Meantime, our practical and pressing concern is
with Loudon sewage. Incredible as it may seem,
where • property of such immense 'value is at
stake, we are actually without any data for
fixing its normal condition and contents. A few
isolated experiments on small branch sewers
are all the guide we have to the average richness
of this lode of gold. Professor Limo is well
warranted in reproaching us with not having made
the easy experiment of collecting at the mouths of
a considerable number of sewers such specimens,
taken at different hours of day and night, as would
have fairly indicated the mean daily contents in
all weathers and seasons. Three years and a half
ago we ourselves urged upon the Metropolitan
Board the propriety of subjecting the material to
the test of actual application to the land in an
experimental farm near London. We believe that
they must still resort to both sets of inquiries, if
they would not squander, through gross ignorance,
funds which would speedily reimburse the rate-
payers for the huge cost of our sewer system.
Fortunately, a few months would soffit* to give
thei.i the partial information suggested by Pro-
fessor Liteio ; and, so rapid are the effects of
sewage on land, a single season might yield the
fuller information which • practical expel:meat
would afford. We commend the matter to the con-
sideration of the Board during the MOM of its sit-
tings. They could adopt no wiser course than to give
Professor LIEBIG, as an impartial and most emi-
nent authority, a handsome fee to act as their ad-
viser in ascertaining the practical value of the
article they have to sell. Such men as Lord
Essex, Mr. MILIB, Mr. CAIRD, and others,
who have applied sewage to land in prac-
tice, would probably not refuse to superintend
the details of an agricultural experiment of such
importance. There are rival theories in chemistly
as in agriculture, and the only safe way would Ez
to engage such a number of representatives of dif-
ferent systems as would secure that the fullest and
fairest conditions were given to the experiment.
But without some such effort the Metropolitan
Board will assuredly put the climax on its repute-
tion by perpetrating the most gigantic job that
ignorance or favouritism ever inaugurated.

be Court.

011BORNI, AUGUST 1.

The Prince and Prinoese of Wales, attended by
the Hon. Mn. Coke, Captain Grey, and Mr. • Fisher, left
Osborne to-day for London.
Lieut.-General the Hoe. C. Grey and Lieut.-Colonel Do
Plat have goixeeded Lord Alfred Paget and Colonel the
Hon. A. Harding, as Equerries to the Queen.

AUGUST 2.

The Queen, Princes. Rama, Princeee Louise, and Prince
Leopold attended divine service this morning at Whipping-
ham church. The Rev. G. Prothero officiated.

Primo. Alfred landed this afternoon from her Majesty's
hip Itaooon, and arrived at Osborne, Attended by Major
CowelL

The Duke of Newcastle arrived from London yesterday.

The Prince and Princes. of Wales, attended by the Hoe.
Wu Coke sad Captain Grey, arrived at Marlborough
House on Saturday afternoon from Osboroe.
The Priam and Primer of Wales attended divine am rice
yesterday at the Chapel Royal, St. James's. The Hon.
Mrs. Coke and Major Teesdale were in attendance.
The Duke of Cambridge visited the Prince and Prince..
of Wales yesterday at Marlborough House.
The Prince and Prince= of Wales took ► drive in an open
carriage yesterday afternoon.
Major Teesdale has succeeded Captain Grey as Equerry in
Waiting to the Prince of Widen'
Mr. Joseph Wyoo has had the honour of sittings from the
Princess of Wales fora medal to be executed for the city of
London.

Viscount and Visciountess Palmerston /eft town for
Brockett-hall on Saturday.
Sir George (hey has left town for a few days.
A deputation from the Woolwich Local Board of Health,
consisting of Mr. John Cowan (chairman), Mr. T. Tuffield,
Mr. W. P. Jackson, Mr. Joseph Cohen, and Mr. A. C.
Reid (clerk), bad an interview with the Right Hoo. C. P.
Villiers on Saturday, ►t the office of the Poor•law Board,
Whitehall.

Despatches were received on Saturday et the Colonial.
office from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian
islands. Despatches were bent to the Governors of the
West India Islands, British Columbia, Bermuda, and the
Bahamu.

The Prince and Princess of Wales will arrive in
Edisbumb by special train at 7.50 p.m. on Thursday, the
Bth August. and are expected to leave for the north
between 9 and 10 o'clock on Saturday, the Bth.
The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland enter-
taised the Saxon Minister, the Portuguese Minister. the
Hanoverian charge d'afraires and Baroness Biome, the Duke
and Duchess Se!Jambs and Donna Emily, and a select party
at Sion House, lsleworth, on Saturday and yesterday. The
circle 1011 separate to-day.

The Duke and Duchess of Argyll and family have
arrived at Inverery Guile, Argyllshire, for the autumn.
The Duke of Newcastle left town on Saturday
for Osborne, Isle of Wight, oa a visit to the glees. The
noble duke will return to-day.
- -

The Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster
have bees detained in tows (otherwise they were to have
bees at Eaton Hall, near Chester) by the indisposition of
the marquis, who has bees suffering frown OA attack of gout.
His lordship in much better within the last few days, and ss
soon as be is recovered will leave for his seat in Cheshire.
The Earl and Countess of Derby left St. James's-
square Os Saturday, accompanied by Lady Fauna Talbot,
for Knowsley Park, Lancashire.
_

The Earl and Countess of Zetland left their re-
sidence io Arliegtosatreet on Saturday for Asks Hall, mar
Richmond, Yorkshire.

The Earl anci-Co- notelet Spencer left Spencer
House, St. Jeanie's, as Saturday, for Althorm Northarep-
toes!tirra_

The Countess; Cowper has been entertaining at
Wrest Parka succession of visitors daring the past tai-
llight.

-Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P., and the Hon.
Junes Frederick Stuart Wortley left tows en Saturday for
Paris, and intend to proesed by way of Vienna and Coa-
-1 etantinople to Persia. It is doubtful if the travellers will
return before the meeting of parliasaset in February.
The Right Hon. Sir John and Lady Pakington
have left their boos. in Eaton-wpm, fur a short tour cm
the Continent.

Mr. sod Mn. George Lex Jefferson and Mrs.
and the Mime Jeffetvoe, al the liaited Bteiste, bays WI
the Broaswiek Hotel. Jeraiya-siresi, for Park

LATEt3T INTELLIGENCE.

INTENDED DEPARTURE FROM BRAZIL
OF THE ENGLISH MINISTER.
(By ILICTRIC AND lIITZILBATIONAL TZLEGIAP/L)
(rims ova owl cosszsrotrnsier.)
SOUTHAMPTON, ABOUT 3.
Arrived, the Magdalena, which took out the
news to Rio de Janeiro of the rupture of diplo-
matic relations between England and Brazil.
The Brazilians were much excited and the
Emperor was very angry.
One of the members of the British Embassy at
Rio has come home in the Magdelena.
Mr. Elliott, our minister there, will some home
by the next packet.

(ssortz's masium&)
RUSSIA.

FREEDOM OF THE CROWN PEASANTS.
BERLIN, Amon &

Intelligence received here from Bt. Petersburg
to the let inst. states that the Emperor of Russia
has issued a ukase declaring free landholders the
two million peasants who are tenants of the crown
domains and appanagee.

PORTUGAL
(Per the Maidalena.)_

LISBON, JOLT 30. •

The royal family continues to reside at Mafra.
The state of the Queen's health is very satisfactory.
The King and the Duc de Penthievre are to-day
on board the Portuguese war steamer Minden°,
which is practising her artillery.
The Duo de Penthievre, who has been staying on
a visit to the King, leaves shortly for New York on
board the American frigate Macedonia, which has
arrived here.

It is said that the King intends to open the
Agricultural Exhibition at Braga,
The reported resignation of the Bishop of Oporto
is unfounded.

There is every probability that the ministers
will not renew the present tobacco contract, and
that the commerce in this article will be thrown
open.

The government are prosecuting the company
formed for supplying Lisbon with water for breach
of contract.

The government has purchased, on account of
the crown. 500 contos of rein in the Portuguese
funds, with the proceeds of the diamonds recently
sold. The sale wee effected in Lisbon to the agent
of a French house.

The misunderstanding between the government
and the representatives of Senor Salamanca con-
tinues.

The bat section of the line of railway from Crato
to the Spanish frontier continues closed to traffic, by
order of the government surveyors.
The Viscountess de Cartacho is dead.
The subscription in Lisbon for the survivors of
the wreck of the Catalonian has been closed, and
amounts to 2001.

The keels have been laid at the Royal Arsenal of
two new corvettes, to be named Duke of Palmella,
and Duke de Terceira.

The vine disease continues to be developed.
Barites, 481. Coupons, 481. Exchange on Lon-
don, 54 at 90 days. Paris, 528. Hamburg, 48.
Bank of Portugal shares, 535 dole. Bank of
Oporto shares, 252 dole.

THE BRAZILIAN AND RIVER PLATE
MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, Ammer 3.

The Royal Mail Company's steamship Magda-
lena, Captain Robert Wooaward, with dates from Buenos
Ayres, June 27, Monte Video, June 30, Rio de Janeiro,
July 9, Bahia, July 13, Pernambuco, July 15, St. Vincent,
July 22, nod Lisbon, July 30, has arrived here.
She brings 124 passengers (she landed 119 at Lisbon),
15,7884 in specie, jewellery value 80/., four packages of
diamonds, and n general cargo, emulating of 300 roils tobacco,
100 barrels tapioca, 50 serous ipecacuanba, 23 oases plants,
87 bales cotton, 232 boxes apples, 46 boxes pears, and 147
packages sundries.
The Magdalena experienced during the voyage fine wea-
ther and light winds up to St. Vincent, thence to Lisbon
very strong N.E. winds. Fine and light winds up the Por•
tuguese coact, and across the Bay fine weather and westerly
winds.

On July 9 she spoke English barque Orion, from Liver.
pool 50 days, strived at Rio this day. July 11, in lat.
10.47 S., long. 36.19 W., exchanged colours with French
mail steamer going south. July 17, in lat. 2.57 S., long.
31.10 W., exchanged colours with English barque Monte-
zuma, from Glasgow to Valparaiso, 40 days out. Oa July
21, its lat. 13.27 N., long. 26.17 W., passed Royal Mail
steamer Oneida, going south, and on July 26, in lat. 27.58
N., long. 19.01 W., exchanged colours with Bremen ship
Willey, steering south.
Her Majesty's ship Leander was at Rio, and the Strom.
boll sailed os July 9 for Pernambuco. Satellite was at
Bahia. The admiral's ship Forte and remainder of squad.
run at the River Plate.
List of the stations of men of war in the River Plate :
Buenos Ayres, June 28.—Her Majesty's ship Curlew,
Captain Pakeaham.
Monte Video, June 30. —Her Majesty's ship Forte, flag,
Rear-Admiral Warren; Alecto, 0001. Blake; Triton, Com.
Kerby; Sheldrake (gunboat), Spider (gunboat), Dotterel
(gunboat).
Spanish men.of-war.—Brigantine °ravine, 16 guns ;
steamer Venoedara. French store-drip Fortune ; frigate
L'Aatres (flag), steamer Falminanto. Italian corvette Iride,
16 visa -

PERNAMBIJOO, JOLT 15.

The Coofederate steamer Georgia, Maury commander,
captured the American ship City of Bath, 736 tons, W. J.
Cooper, master, on the 28th June, in lat. 20.30 south,
long. 29.30 west, off the desert Wend of Trinidad, belong-
ing to Brazil. This vessel was from Callao, with a cargo o 1
guano on French account, bound for Antwerp; the master
being compelled to give a ransom bond for 20,000 dollars,
the vessel was allowed to proceed on her voyage.
The Georgia had taken the American ship Constitution
on June 25, with 1,300 tons coal, from Philadelphia bound
for &angles, and was discharging the coal for the purpose
of fitting out the ship as a cruiser ; also the ship Good Hope,
released on giving ransom, and the Dictator, burned. The
Vanderbilt has proceeded to Trinidad.
The American ship Pemuel Robertaon, 421 tons, Monter
master, which vessel put in here Juoe 15, on her voyage
from New Bedford to Honololu, having been condemned,
was sold by auction.

THE FRENCH PAMPHLET ON POLAND.—The new
pamphlet on Poland is regarded with great contempt by
some of the Paris journals. The following is from the
Prase :—" Pacific on one page and warlike on the next, this
pamphlet is a mere tissue of coatradictious. What would
make
us think that it was written by M. Grimier de
Canavan is the fact th►t it is equally injudicious
and superficial. Had lie object been to alienate
us from England by threatening Prussia, it could not
hare set about the task in any other manner, or hare
come to a different conclusion. As was truly remarked
yesterday is Paris, it ia not a pamphlet, but a paving-stone
slipped from the hands of a man who has Men in the at-
tempt to throw it."
The Duke d'Aumale is at present in Switzerland
with his young son, who is studying engineering at the
school for oon•commissioned officers at Solemn, and has
recently passed a brilliant examination there. The Duke
de Nemours and the Princess Clementine, his sister, are
also on a tour in Switzerland, and are now staying at Inter-
laken. The Count de Paris, es has been stated, is in
Germany.

The Vienna journals express in the most ener-
getic manner their approbation of the conduct of Count de
Reehberg with regard to the despatch of Prince Gortch►-
koR, which tended to separate Austria from the two other
powers. The reply of the Austrian minister to the
prance is considered as a proof of a moral separation be-
tween Austria and Rails.