The Express.
London, England, 1855-02-28 00:00:00

1855.
THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY Ii7ENING, FEBRUARY 28,

broeght by 13111P30N against Lame for a breach of
contract. It was contended that a letter to Swam,
in which Mr. Lute used exprenioas to the effect
that a purchaser would be wanted foe the West
Hackney living, amounted to a permission to the
former to sell. liiimrsom flock a purchaser, and brings
his action for 5 per cent. commission. The jury I
seem to have thought that the contract was not made
out, but they showed clearly their belief that 131111.-
sox was acting under Mr. orders, by giving
a verdict for SW. for labour.

Details like these, which are constantly appearing
before the public, are very sickening, and do the
greatest possible damage to the Church. It is the most
glaring absurdity to make simony a crime, and yet
, allow transactions which only by a mere legal quibble
escape being classed as simonises'. It is quite certain
that had Mr. RODWELL bought the presentation, all
the parties concerned would have been morally. if not
legally, engaged in a simoniacal transaction. Ifl
livings are to be sold—and they are sold
daily—let them be sold formally, with the
sanction of the bishops, and in courts or
offices appointed for the purpose. Every bishop,
knows by what means every clergyman inducted into
a benefice in his diocese obtained his living. Every
bishop on the bench knows that many of the clergy-
men in his diocese have bought their livings as truly
as if they had paid money for them over • counter.
Some are of opinion that in the present state of the
English Church it may be that the purchase of livings
is a custom which is productive of as much good as
evil. They argue that many a religious man of pro-
perty, seeing no means of finding active duty in a
Church the avenues to which are only to be opened
by patronage, may do good to himself and to a
parish by purchasing a living, or a presentation to it.
We confess that we cannot view the matter in this
light ; but, assuming for a moment that snob an
opinion is tenable, why should a man be obliged to
enter into the Church by a lie ? Why should he sneak
in under false colours? The laws of the Church are
so imperative upon the subject of simony—they are
so positive upon the subject of direct or even the
most indirect pecuniary payment being made in con-
nexion with a presentation to a living—that •
clergyman, however remotely connected with such
a transaction, must look back upon it with shame.
In addition to this, public feeling is outraged.
la the present instance, here is the purchaser
inquiring into the money proceeds of the living, as if
there were no other interests than his own in the
purchase he was about to make. Here is the would-
be vendor stating that 3,0001. is the price for a
property which the solicitors to the property say is
only worth 8001. or 9001. Here is a third party,who
intends to get 5 per cent. out of both buyer and
teller. And the thing to be sold is the right to take
charge of the spiritual education of a parish. Such
scandals ought to be avoided. If livings and presen-
tations—like commissions in the army—are to be sold,
let them at least be sold with solemnity and decency.
—Daily NM..

of its utility, does it not appear extraordinary that
the commanding officer, engineer, quartermaster, and
whoresoaver else it may concern,ehould,with unlimited
means,'.bays taken three months to do three times
the work these ladies did in ten days ? The com-
mandant nit? "it was a very good thing, indeed,
but he could not be expected to be an engineer," and
look after it. The engiueer paned it on to some
one else, and that some one else did not think it
was in his department. In short it was nobody's
business; and, now three have been nearly got ready,
and will be so this week, is quite wonderful. When
I see and hear these things I often think if her
Majesty's service would suffer, or what would be the
shock to the military discipline of tee British army,
if the commanding officer were to make over the re-
sponsibility to some one of having a useful thing
like this finished off in a reasonable length of time.
From the one hastily constructed kitchen eight hun-
dred men are daily supplied with a greater or less
quantity of well-cooked food. Of the amount of beef-
tea served out no account is kept. Thane who are
acquainted with the plan of cookery pursued in bar-
racks, where all a company's meat and vegetables are
I boiled in one copper, the portions belonging to messes
being kept in separate nem, will know how that food
is likely to suit the delicate appetite of a fevered pa-
tient ; but the means for doing even as well as this are
wanting here. No blame is to be attached to the
cook, who, of course, is picked at random from any
number of men available ; and in this case, and to
supply this want, the nurses and Miss Sellon's Sisters
of Charity shine, as well as in otherwise attending to
the wants of the unfortunate sick. They step into a
berth absolutely vacant, and assist the surgeons,
not only by seeing that the food ordered is well pre- I
pared, but by personal attendance A sick man's
appetite is fickle, and a hospital orderly, having'
many duties to perform, cannot give that immediate
attention which the cue may require. At the
best of times such delay occurs that when the food is
brought the appetite is gone. As it now is, the
orderly has only to tell one of the nurser, and imme-
diate attention is paid. I have heard many complaints'
of the ninon, but cannot trace one to anything but
prejudice, the style of argument pursued evidently 1
being—" The army never has had female curses, and
therefore it is • dangerous innovation, highly to be
censured, and at once to be put down." lice of the
doctors, who had spoken and written against them,
was very thankful, when ill, for their care. Miss
Nightingale herself was unremitting in her attention,
and closed his eyes when he breathed his last.
Our accounts trom the Crimea are, of course, second-
hand ; but from all officers I hear but one opinion of
the state of affairs there. Ooe who had been with
the army from the time it landed, and took part in
the celebrated cavalry charge, told me that from the
thy before the battle of Alma until he left the army
he had never seen tho commander-in-chief. It was
reported he was gone to Malta, and all were confirmed
in the belief of it by his never being seen. Colonel
Airey has for two months been laid up with ophthal-
mia, but keeps his high appointment.
Officers are losing confidence is their leaders, and
no wonder, when the chiefs are never visible, and
utterly careless of the health and comfort of those
under their command. Unless the new ministry
take some decided steps, or Lord Raglan alters his
plans of proceeding, the army will soon be discon-
tented and disorganised.

FRANCE.

(PROM THZ

IDENT 01 nil DAILY NZWB.)
PARIS, TUESDAY EVRNING.

Although many people who are inspired by the
opinions expressed by Cabinet Ministers, still doubt
whether the Emperor will go to the Crimea, I repeat
my impression of yesterday, that the journey is
positively resolved upon.
An underhand appeal is already made from Mi-
nisters
to the public. Yesterday and to-day police
agents have visited several manufactories, and asked
the workmen their opinion on the subject, evidently
with a view to the concoction of a manifesto. The
manifesto will doubtless appear in the Moniteur this
week. The sth is still thought the day fixed for the

departure.
The Bourse was extremely heavy, owing to the in-
creasing certainty of the Emperor's journey, and was
also disturbed by rumours connected with the
Brussels pamphlet. The Rente fell 13c., closing at
66fr. 20c. Moat of the railways fell from 2fr. 50c.
to 51r.
The Constautionnelsays:
_

We have received a confirmation of the sad news which
has been these two days rumoured about in Paris. The
ifrigate lost I. the Straits of Bonifacio, is the Shaillante,
which recently left Toulon with 400 soldiers on board. The
vessel struck on one of the reefs in that passage, and imam-
dimity Stied. The crew and pameopre, making together
704 men, all perished. No other details have been yet re-
ceived of this catastrophe.

AFFAIRS OF THE UNITED STATES.

020:11 7112 221101 AL

NEWS)

Or TED DAILY

iTENV YORK, Fas. 10, 10 o'C;Ocx M.
Ono form in ohtich Know-Nothiogism is making
itself felt upon the financial interests and classe: of
this country, is in a movement for taxing foreign
capital, which has hitherto contributed little or
no king to sustain the state governments. Up to the
present time several hundred millions of dollars of
European capital, invested in American commerce,
has escaped taxation. The laws of New York have
not exacted from foreign mercantile houses, or their
representatives, that tribute which our own citizens
pay. The partners or agents of foreign houses, who
are carrying on very heavy business, by residing out
of the city of New York, are enabled to evade the
letter of the law, although in direct violation of its
spirit. Personal taxation escapes them, and they
escape personal taxation. Laws will undoubtedly
soon be enacted to reach their case.
As there are only twenty days more left of the
session of the present Congress, it is not believed that
any change is likely to take place in the tariff of
1846 ; while it is entirely certain that the next Con-
gress will be more deeply imbued with the spirit of
protection than the present. It may be safely pre-
dicted that the friends of free trade can resign all
hopes of any further progress in that direction
among our Congresses, for some time to come.
Indeed, several important movements are now in pro-
gresa, which will enable the separate states vir-
tually to prohibit the importation of foreign
manufactures, where they compete with our own,
although the constitution of the United States has
vested this power solely in the national Congress. Iu
every state applications are made for charters tor new
railways, or for modifications in charters already
granted, or for liberty to make loan., so that in some
form or other legislative authority is continually in-
voked for railroad companies and chartered institu-
tions of every description. It is clearly within
the authority of the state legislatures to grant
or withhold the privileges petitioned for. These
legislatures can and will affix such conditions as
they please, and in some cases they will
grant the privileges asked for only on condition
that these railroad companies use none but
American iron. At an early day in the pri sent ses-
sion of Congress, leave was asked to introduce a bill
remitting the duties on railway iron ; but permission
was instantly refused. Leave was then asked for
introducing a bill to postpone the payment of cus-
toms already due, or which would be due when some
millions of railway iron were taken out of bond. This
was as peremptorily refused. In a recent letter I re-
marked that Europeazi might with 'some advantage
to themselves tun their attention to Kno w-Not hi ngi sm
in the United States,for it is certain to affect European
interests and European policy, to some extent at least,
for the next few years to come.
My anticipations in regard to the financial affairs
of the country have been fully realised. All signs
of the late panic have disappeared—confidence
is being restored, stocks of almost all kinds have gone
up, importations have declined, economy in the
administration of corporate institutions, as well as
private life, has produced a marked effect, the spring
business is beginning to open, the high prices of
breadstuffs, and all the products of the sail, have
enriched the rural district., and we now universally
feel that our financial troubles are over, and of course
we enter upon another florid period of prosperity and
speculation. One of the most striking features in
the money market during the week has been a
decline in the redemption of the public debt by the
Treasury. The official report of the revenue for the
last quarter shows only fourteen millions, embracing
four millions from public lands, and other sources
than Customs.

I can hardly describe the feeling of disappoint-
ment, of mortification, and alarm which pervades the
United States in reference to the position of the
British army before Sebastopol. Indignation against
the British ministry can hardly be greater in London
than in New York. The break up of the cabinet, by
the resignation of Lord John Russell, was every
where entertained with satisfaction. It is certain
that we find it difficult on our side of the Atlantic to
account for the fact that the mighty energies of
the British empire have been wasted away in this
terrific manner before the walla of Sebastopol. We
ask, how long this is to continue ? We inquire, what
causes can be assigned for such a state of things,
as you describe in the Crimea? We ask why the
French army seems to be so much better appointed ?
Why their men suffer so little, comparatively, both '
in battle and in camp ; and we are forced to the con-
clusion that since British valour has not been called
in question, there must have been the worst possible
management on the part of those who have carried
on the war. There has been no such drift of Ameri-
can sympathy for Russia as your journals complain
of, although it is not to be denied that your bad
management has coat you that warm feeling of
sympathy, which came from our hearts involuntarily,
when we knew that the Anglo-Saxons of England
had landed in the Crimea. The Americans now think
that Russia understands the art of war better than
England; that her officers are abler men ; or, at
all events, that they have seen more service.

NAVAL AND MILITARY.

ADMISALIT, FEB. 27. APPOINTEIENTS.—Lieu-
tonarit J. J. W. Jarvis (1850), to the Coast Guard.
Master of as Flat K. Stokes (1840), to the Duke of
Wallington, 131, screw steam ship, of Zoo hone power, in
the Baltic.

Muters J. N. Willis (1846), to the Hecate, 6, paddle-
wheel steam ship, of 240-hone power, Mediterranean
statics; and W. Mills (1812), to be additional to the
Iff=42, at Woolwich.
Master J. H. Ryan (18.51), to the Volcano, 3,
paddle-wheel steam venal, of 140 hone power, at Woolwich.
Naval Cadet H. T. Stephenson, from the Tartar, 20,
mew steam corvette, of 250 horse power, at Chatham, to
the Royal Albert, 121, screw steam ship, of 600-horse power,
ha the Black Sea, for disposal.
THE COMMANDS IN TEE CRINKA.—Sir George

Brown hujoinsd the army, and resumed the command of
the Light Division. General Jones, k 8., hes taken charge
of his duties. The changes in the army are—Sir Colin
Campbell to have the First Division; Sir John Campbell
the Highland Brigade ; General Bentinck to command the
Fourth Division; General Barnard a brigade of Fourth
Division.

The following, it is stated, are the arrangements,
regarding, the reserve force for the army in the Crimea.
The provisional depot will consist of drafts of the three bat-
talions of the Guards and 40 battalions of the line, now
In the Crimea, to Constitute the first reserve force; aid
the proportion of officers to each draft of the depot is to
be (ultimately) 1 major, 6 captains, 12 subalterns. Die.
tribal:ion of companies, 8 in the Crimes, 4 at Malta, 4 at
home, so as to have 2 supernumerary captains, and 4
ditto lieutenants at Malta, and 4 ditto lieutenants with
head quarters in the Crimes. The immediate strength
of each draft at Malta will be-2 captains, 4 subs., 6
sergeants, 122 rank and file, and the whole forte at Malta
will number 6,160 rank apd file. The 43 drafts will be
formed into as many. provisional battalions as there are
divisions in the Crimes. The battalion, for each to
be commanded by a major, and the entire force to cow
Tries 2 commands, under Brigadier Generals Williams
and Rumley respectively. Lieut.-General Ferguson, on the
staff at Malta, to have the chief command. The reserve atl
Malta will be detailed off into five provisional battalions,
corresponding with the number of divisions in the Crimea,
and they will be drilled and exercised in all camp duties,l
rifle practice, for which 10,000 smoothbore percussion
muskets are in requisition, pitching and striking tents,cook-
ing, and the officers and men are to be placed under canvas
and huts alternately. No soldier under 18 years of age is
to be drafted to the army in the Crimes.
Colonel Alexander M. Tnlloch has proceeded to
'Turkey on special service with Sir John Manned.
Captain Hutton, 31st Regiment, has been ap-
pointed to serve on the staff of the army in the Crimea, as
Idetruty assistant quartermaster-general, and is to be at-
; tar.hed, in that capacity, to the land transport corps.
I The government has entered into an extensive
vontrset for the supply of Minbi Mu, rifles for the use of
the Rib Brigade and 60th Royal
.Rifle Regiment, and
riled carbines for two cavalry guanas, which will hi
designated "Mounted Riflemen." This fatter branch of
the Nevin was found to be most efficient in the campaign►
on the Rhine in the years 1793 and 1794. A large contract
for eareby sabres, lobar pistols, and lances, has also been
alined to, in Mho W place the cavalry arm of the service
en the most ARAM hating. A quantity of musquetoons,
=oatbrass, banding pikes, and tomahawks have also
stilesmi Re the navy, the greater portion of which are
M be isliverod into store at the Tower, by the middle of
lbws are 220 new horns in training at thee M 0.-
amiss barracks, and 140 recruits. A detachmnt will
Who* be sent to the Crimea in the course of next meth.
• Weep eargeaat-major is also at Manchester as quarter-
finals% fez a field train, which is forming there, for the
PQM Of @gaming stores to OW sal in the AO&

LETTER FROM A PRIVATE SOLDIER IN
THE CRIMEA.

fit
evnenitroostrottsf
Fi.n,:aftothrrrnoezripaCgnyriydommue
hao,ottb:elfro,are:lflogetakbtastinetogtpoohnel.,plPrefthebay.
ne7,trypoi ;ay:
Ton since I arrived in the Crimea, one
written to Widmer, two to Portsmouth, and two in answer
to the two I wrote from Constantinople. In one of the
lettere directed to Portsmouth there were ten stamp., but
they were spoiled with being damp, and stuck to the letter.
But in the first of the last two letter* there were three
stamps all right, which you will find on the .:lotside of tide
letter. We left Constantinople on the 3rd of Ineusr7,, and
arrived in Belaklava all right a few days after. We dis-
embarked and joined our respective regiments. Out regi-
ment is pitched right opposite Sebastopol and n VAR
any other in the field, and I can enure you there is nothing
enviable in our position. The evening we arrived was
dreadfully cold, and we had to pitch our own tents, as the
old part of the regiment were clean worn out : most of them
wire sick, and the others are as bad. We managed to pitch
our tents some way or another. In the first place we had
to shovrl the snow, and when you had got it all cleared away
you could see your bed—it any rate the place where it was
to be made. After marching from Balaklava, a distauce of
nine miles, with • heavy lead, you had to make your bed
on the cold wet ground with your great coat and one blanket,
and nothing to eat or drink except a dry biscuit and cold
water—not much of a delicacy. But we got the first night
over, and the day atter we began to make improvements.
We dug the inside of the tent fourteen inches
deep, which left it tolerably dry, and put a trench
round the outalde to keep out and carry off the
water; aad with the warm clothing that has been
sect out for us, and the small allowance of rum (which is •
principal thing here), we manage to get along better than
we expected. In the first place we have our own great
coats made of thick grey cloth ; and next, a large sheep or
goat-skin coat, with all the wool on (not very neat or
dressy, to be sure), but very beneficial, which is all that is
required here. In the next place we have boos made of
strong yellow leather, which come half way up
our thighs, in the real cavalier style, and splen-
did fur caps, that cover your ears, and turn
down on your neck, and a great number have oil-skin coats
to cover the whole ; four II innel shirts, two pair of flannel
drawers that come down to your feet, woollen gloves three
pair to each man, and every other comfort that expensive
c:othing can contribute. All our razors are thrown away,
and, with the clothing I have mentioned and our long
beards and moustaches, you can form some idea what
a figure wo cut more like Esquimau: or Lap-
landers than Englishmen. Ile is an ungrateful
wretch who is not thankful for the benefits received,
as • great part of them are sent oat free, which is an
honour to the nation, sad of inestimable value to the
troops, as the clothing has saved thousands of lives;
till we are losing a great number by sickness, die:nines.
being the only complaint. In my regiment we are losing
ten or twelve a day. Rum is served to us twice a day, and
three times when we are in the entrenchments, which is a
great help; it warms ue, and helps to keep up our spirits ;
and I can Bay I have not heard of such a thing as teeto-
talism since I came on the island. With respect to myself,
I never was in better health or spirits in my life.
The only thing I dislike is the rations. Nothing
but hard, dry biscuits, and salt pork or beef. Such a thing
as bread we have not had since we left England.
iln Constantinople we ordered fresh meat during the time
we remained in harbour, and the rascals sent us two dead

comas, nearly all bone, and not a pound of fat in the two.
They must have walkt d the bills of Scutari a long time, anil

I have no doubt they were two very ancient animals, u we
could neither cut, saw, nor tear them; and since we came
up here we have had no fresh meat, except a few sheep the
Sultan sent up, ablut the size of doge. Our commissariat
is ab minably mstmed. While we are starving on dry
sea biscuit, the French have erected bakehouses on the
hills which supply the men with fresh bread; and the
officers are buying it of them at the rate of 3s. the loaf that
weighs between 2 and 3 lbs. But the French are superior
to us for a campaign ; they have no mains', being bold and
determined, and if they cannot get what they want by fair
means, if it is there, they will have it by some other means,
whether just er not ; with respect to the Turks they are
neither one thing nor the other ; they are too lasy to do
anything hut smoke. I cannot tell what the men are that
' • " "

are with Omer Pacha, but what we have here seem to be
neglected in every respect, badly clothed and badly fed,
and lost in dirt and filth, which appears to be quite
natural to them, and they are despised and knocked about
shamefully, especially by the French. But the most of
them are kept in Balaklava, doing all kinds of fatigue work
along with the Tartars, who are inhabitants of the place;
they wore for small wages at making roads and unloading
vessel.. The Tartan are short, thick .sot men, with heads
as large as a bag of biscuit, and apparently devoid of all in-
telligence or sensibility—mere automatons, that drag on
from day to day without a thought for to-morrow. Balak-
lava is an awful place, up to the knees in dirt and puddle.

It would haw; been a eery pretty tillage had they let

it staud as they found it ; bat they expected to take
Sebastopol in a few days, and consequently they knocked
down the houses, and now they find the loss of them.
Lord Raglan's quarters are very pleasantly situate, being at
a farm houio of the second class. But all the other officers
have to live in tents the same as ourselves ; but I must close
the letter for the present, as it is four o'clock in the evening,
and I have to go into the trenches at five o'clock, and pan
another night of danger and difficulties, and if I live to
come out I will continue my writing, and give you some de-
scription of the entrenchments.
Wednesday Morning, Feb. B.—l promised to Give you
some account of the entrenchments. In the first place we
have to enter and leave under cover of darkness. As soon as
it is dark we march silently down, and relieve the men that
entered before daylight the same morning ; if we were to
enter by daylight they would destroy us before we could
get in. But, once we get in, we are tolerably safe, with
great care. The Russians commence firing as soon as it is
dark ; they fire Millie ball, cession of all sites, rockets,
shell, end all kinds of missiles that are in use ; bet prism-
pally shell. They pitch them in all directions, but, for-
tunately for us, we can see every shell leave their mortars,
and the directions they are pitched. The fusee is burning,
and we can see the process from starting until they alight.
They have to pitch them very high in the air, on
account of our trenches being so very near, so that
they may drop into them, and they will take half a minute
in their progress, which gives us time to alter our position;
and another thing in our favour, they throw them with
very little accaracy, very few of them taking effect. I
counted six shells in the air all at once last night, all of
which either dropped short or overshot the mark. But

lately they have begun to fire a volley from their cannon
instantly after their shells, which is very dangerous, as we
cannot see the black boys, and they fire them very
accurate; snd the only way is to keep our hunk
below the trench. Last week we bad two men
killed by a shot striking against a rock and splintering
it; but we are so used to them, that we take
very little notice of them, as they never cease daring the
night, and I have seen men asleep in the trenches whoa the
very ground has shook beneath them. We had four or five
killed a few days ago who had laid themselves down behind
a pile of muskets. They were asleep, and a cannon shot
struck the muskets and knocked theta men's brains out.
But those cues are all carelessness. Our batteries an
doing next to nothing at present, but they are in admirable
order. We have a 24.g0n battery ready for opening
that can play upon their shipping, and what is the
Teasels they do not work them 1 do not know; but I think
it is of very little use, as they can fire six guns to our one..
and unless they find some new or novel mode of operation..?
they might as well keep quiet, as by_ all appeareace.
Sebastopol will stand as long a siege as Troy, which wee
besieged for ten years. The French keep up a constanc
cannonade, which is of no use, as what damage is dams
by day is repaired by night; and if we fire a few
sharp shots, we draw down upon ourselves a firs that
is like hell opening. The very ground shakes for miles
round, and shell and cannon balls fly is all direc-
tions like hailstones. While I am writing ne•Re beg
some in that, last night, 36,000 Russiae.• sur-
rounded Selektive. They expected an earagement.
Last night or early this morning one of the Rues,.an officers
al
deserted and cams down to Belittlers, from whom our
officers got a great deal of
I, sable news. They turned
out all the sailors and marines in the hartocr, along with
all the regiments in the neighbourhood, being the whole of
Bir C. Campbell's Division, consisting of the Highland
Brigade. This morning we could see them on the hills scat-
tered in all directions, aid our men an in readiness to re-
ceive them and every hour we expect orders to join them.
There is a tremendous fire going on from Behastopol all day
the very tent shakes as I am writing. We to eau sty tl.
attention from Balaklava ; but it is Of. no use.
The weather is beautiful, and, if they commence they will
get Inch a drubbing is they little expect. The French are
Marching over the hills to strengthen oar most dangerous
positions. We are &tag off our muskets and cleaning
them that they may he is working order, and apparently
they contemplate Kane serious operation. But I must close
this part of my letter, arta if anything particular omen I
will write sgsin,—l remain you son,
Q.1101113X SAYILLE.

i
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