The Express.
London, England, 1855-01-17 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 17, 1855. 4"

was a very considerable amount of lichees' among
the troops, sad ales a ',amity of previsions. They
added, moreover, that such bad been found to be
the digitally of procuring the rations, that
two divisions of the Itemise army had been ordered
away from their eecampreents above the lakerinaels
heights, and were ion! into the interior of the
wintry. At-night, lowever, it was observed that
the camp bee exteeded !Libor than usual, and
were more bright and numerous: not improbably
from the circumstanee of the troops. driven out of
the plain by the French having joined the main
body of the Russian army, and being compelled to
bivouack on the heights instead of having the shelter
of their huts.

The Russian sseanspinsat in the plain was pieced
a little northward of the spot where the Tchernaya
river is crossed by the high road between Baktchi
Sera and Balaklava. At this situation there are
many facilities of communication with the Balder
district to the month, and the interior of the country
to the sestward; and it is not unlikely that one of
the important offices of the comparatively small force
lately left at this station 'WY to act u a receiving
depiit foe provisions and supplies for the great body
of the army encamped on the mountains north of
the roadstead of Sebastopol.

For the first time, this morning (Dec. 31st) the
camp ground was white with snow, but it had not
fallen deeply, and the westerly wind and sun have
nearly melted away all trace of it. The fine frosty
weather which invigorated the troops on Christmas.
day, disappeared the day. after, and the temperature
has since been comparatively mild. Still the troops
in front are suffering much from the defective sup-
plies of rations and the continued exposure. A cargo
of timber for the wooden houses has arrived, but
there are no mean. of bringing it up to the camp.
Thus, with numerous stores arriving at Balaklava,
so great is the want of carriage that they are almost
given away indiscriminately to all comers who may
be able to convey them away. Some of the private
bit horses have at last arrived from Varna, and an

announcement has been made that the Comniimariat
are prepared to purchase any which may be for sale.
Some vessels have also arrived with officers' baggage
from the transports lying in the Bosphorus. Tne
following four vessels, the Australia, Melbourne,
Sydney. and Brandon, have been selected for the
conveyance of sick to Scutari, and a permanent me-
dical staff has been appointed to remain on board.
This arrangement will obviate many of the deficien-
cies resulting from want of necessary conveniences
and preparation which have hitherto been expe-
rienced in the transport of invalids from Balaklava.
One sergeant from each battalion of Guards, one
from seat regiment of cavalry and infantry, is to
be pretested to an ensigney or oornetey. Lord
Raglan has the power of nominating the non-com-
neeiesed officer selected to his new rank at once.
The sergeants promoted from the regiments of the
Guards are to be appointed to regiments of the line.
A change has been made in the arrangements of
the post-office. The principal part of the establish.
slat has been moved to the head-quarters of Lord
Raglan, while a branch office will continue open at
Bs'titia'. All the mail steamers—English as well
as French—will come to Kamiesch Bay, whence the
mail bags will be forwarded on pack-horses to head-
quarters preparatory to sorting for the delivery. The
letters and newspapers for the different regiments
will be sent to the divisional head-quarters. A ser-
geant's party has been stationed for some time at
Cherson (Kamiesch Bay), for forwarding, without
delay, communications from the fleet, and by the
French steamers to the Britirh head-quarters. It is
intended now that these men shall be reinforced by a
detachment of the staff corps, who will be employed
in these and other duties. It is trusted that this new
arrangement will expedite the post-office business.
The crowded state of the small harbour of Balaklava,
not unfrequently the difficulty of ingress, and the
limited accommodation of the office itself, have acted
as serious impediments to the regular reception and
delivery of the mails from England.
The east shore of Kamiesch Bay now presents a
very animated and bustling scene. On approaching
it from the barren steppes, on which the greater part
' of the French army is encamped, the extempore can-
vas town, and its busy wharves and streets, are quite
hidden from view, as they lie deeply in the hollow,
in which the bay is formed, and less of the bay itself
is seen than of the broader Dvoooia bay beyond. But
the thicker of masts, which forms a dark line to the
eye, rising between the ridges of the hills, tells, long
before a new of the harbour itself is gained, that this
is the chief port for the supplies arriving for the
French army. Dvonoia, or Double, Bay, is much less
accessible; while, once having gained the heights
above Kamiesch Bay, which is readily done by a
winding ravine having a very gentle slope, a ready
communication can be established between the French
head Quarters and all parts of the (Adv. The dis-
tance between the head-quarters of General Canrobert
and the port of debarkation is between six and seven
miles. An excellent macadamised road, with a trench
on one side, and drains running beneath at intervals,
has been nearly completed the whole way; and along
this route may be seen constantly passing lines of
mules carrying well-balanced packages of biscuit
from Marseilles or Toulon, or other " vivre' mill-
taires," destinedfor the respective divisions of the
army, and trains of waggons, "equipages militaires,"
also drawn by mules, bringing planks, chest•, forage,
and every description of army stores in the same
direction.

As soon as the brow of the bill overlooking
Hamiesch Bay is arrived at, the spectator exchanges
the comparative desert plateau, the monotony of
which for the last two or three miles has only been
broken by the presence of a ruined farm-house, or the
remains of a vineyard, once flourishing in some little
sheltered spot, for all the varied scene and business
of an active seaport. Up to the very end of the
harbour itself, as far as depth for anchorage can be
obtained, almost from its mouth, is densely packed a
I long line of merchant vessels, ranged side by side in
rows varying in depth according to the variations in
shape and capacity of the bay, from eight or ten to
five-and-twenty in number in each row. Stretched
across the wider part of the bay near its communi-
cation with the sea are several large line of battle
ships, between which from time to time is sailing in
or out some of the smaller merchant craft. Several
large vessels are lying in Double Bay beyond, and
from the point of Cape Chersonese, with its white
light-houses along the coast towards Sebastopol, other
war steamers and ships are moving along, or lying at
anchor.
The new town is built, or rather encamped, toward
the southern end of the harbour—the military stores,
landing place., and offices, being nearer to the sea-
board. The principal street, the " Rue de Com-
merce," consists of two lines of booths and stalls of
every imaginary shape and contrivance for answer-
ing the double object of protecting the articles from
the weather, and at the same time exposing samples
with an inviting aspect to the gase of the visitor.
Masts, beams, rigging, and canvas from the ships,
have been the chief materials used in the con-
struction of these shops and dwelling places.
Every house is numbered, and placards announce
the name and place of concexion of its mer-
chant proprietor, and the principal wares to be sold.
Articles of clothing, preserved provision!, and gro-
ceries are the staple commodities. Wines and French
liquors are to be obtained, but generally of an inferior
description ; the better sorts can only be purchased
on board the vessels in the harbour. Among the
shopkeepers are several of t►e French suttlers; and
the regimental " cantinieres," in their trim military
attire may be seen busily following their active
avocations. Some of the shopkeepers are Maltese;
there are a few Germans also. Some very large
stores with stone walls, and others of considerable
extent made of wood, are rapidly advancing toward
completion. In a short time the Rue de Commerce
will be put into the shade by its broader and more
solid neighbour, which is stretching up the hill, and
at right angles to it.
Great activity prevails at the military end of the
port. Stores are being landed from the ships, and
packed on the beach, or are being carried up by the
troops into temporary storehouse and depots. Mules
are coming down with empty pack-saddles, others are
passing on their return to the camps laden with their
respective burdens. Large piles of timber planking
are stacked up, and there are heaps of grain and
forage, casks and boxes of provisions. A number of
Ottoman troops are encamped close by to assist in
, the labours of the port. These troops have made long
lines of ground huts for themselves, which appear
sudiciently snug and warm.

Although Yankee Bay has not the same 'dun-
taps as a harbour as are presented by the sheltered I
port of Malik's. its Acres 'belying very gra.ivally,
and rising to an extensive plain. offer unlimited space
for the landing of stores and erection of storehouses-
None of the diliculty is therefore experienced which
so mush impe&s the progress of disembarkation of
atoms and military materiel at Balaklava, where one
narrow road for some distance forme the only available
line of route for all the pallet:igen' and traffic panning
lin and out of that mountain looked inlet.

Jan. 2.--We had wows very heavy wind, at times
amonoting to a gale, from the mouth-west and west
last night. This morning heavy rain is faUing. The
accumulation of mud is nearly as great as it has ever
been in the direction of Balaklava.

FRANCE.

(PION IND 001111111PO)DIUIT OP 111111 DAILY waws.
PARIS, MONDAY EVIIIIIIIO.
The returns of the indirect revenue, published in
the Monism., show an emss of receipts of 458,000 f.
as °unpaved with 1863, and of 42,928,000 f. as com-
pared with 1842. The total produce is 847,280,000 f.
The three last months of the year have been the
most prosperous. Daring the first nine months
there was a decrease, as compared with 1853, of
7,291.000; but in the last quarter the increase was
7,747,000 f.

The bourse opened with great firmness. It was
understood that the subscription to the loan ex-
ceeded 16 millions, and that even subscribers for
500 f. rente only would have to suffer a reduction. It
was consequently anticipated that :a great mass of
capital would be thrown upon the market and would
seek investment in the rente. The Three per Cents.
at one time were as high as 67.75. There was after-
wards a reaction, and they closed at 67.40, but still
with a rise of 35c. Railways were from sto 10
higher.
The subscription to the new loan terminated yes-
terday at dve in the afternoon. The anxiety to
subscribe was, if possible, greater during the last few
days than previously. At the Treasury, in the Rue
de Ricoli, many persons passed the night under the
arcades, and before daybreak there were queues at
all the Maine., at the Remits Central., Rile Neuve
des Mathurins, and at the Caissed'Antortiesement,

It was deemed neosseary to send detachments of
infantry to all these places to preserve order. A
number of persons deepairing of having their sub-
scriptions accepted at Paris, went by railway to dif-
ferent towns in the provinces. But in: all parts of
the country the desire to subscribe was just as great
as at Paris. In fact, the eagerness of the public to
take part in this national operation was far greater
than on the preceding occasion in March last.
Two companies of engineers quartered at Arru
have received orders to hold themselves in readiness
to march at a moment's notice. As an instance of the
scale upon which warlike preparations are going on,
I may mention that to-morrow, Jan. 16, tenders will
be received at Metz for 327,500 boards for making
powder barrels.
Gt neral Ulrich, commander of the regiments of the
Imperial Guard proceeding to the Crimea, arrived on
the 13th at Marseilles.

The Moniker gives the following letters of fare-
well, exchanged between Admirals Dundu and
Hamelin :
On Board the Furious, Baysteh Bay, Dee.l9..

My dear Admiral,—l cannot resign my command with-
out bidding adieu to the fleet under your command, with
the operations of which I have cooperated so long with
pride and pleasure.
I shall carry with me to England. and I shall always
cherub, this reinembranceoso dear to me. I beg you, if
you hare no objection, to ezprets my sentiments to the
officers and seamen under ycur command, with the assu-
ranee of my constant wishes for the signal realisation of
their hopes. _ _ _

Receive for yourself, my dear Admiral, my desire of
among you dad, on your return to
.your country, all the
happiness you can wash. J. W. D. DUNDAS.
Montesuma, Kaenieseh, Dec. 22.

My dear Admiral,—l have the honour of informing you
that I resign to-morrow, the 3rd of December, the com-
mand of the Frisch squadron to Vice-Admiral Bruit.
At the moment of separating from you and the squadron
placed under your circlets, I beg you, if you see no objection,
to express in my name to all your officers and seamen how
del.ghted I have been with the constant concurrecce and
the good harmony with which we have effected in common
all our naval and military operations since our entrance into
the Black &a. Although far from them, my sympathy will
be with them, and I shall joy in their successes, and the

remembrance of the time wehave passed together will be
for me one of the dearest recollections of my naval career.

For yourself, my dear admiral, accept my wishes for your
happitter, and the expression of my most affectionate and
most devoted sentiments.

The Admiral of France, Commander-in-Chief of the
Mediterranean squadron, Hamzurs.

INDIA AND CHINA.

We (Daily News) have received our despatches
from India acd China by the Overland MaiL The
dates, as stated in our telegraphic summary of
Monday lest, are :—Calcutta, 13 ; Madras, 10; and
Bombay, 14th Dec.; Hong-Kong, Nov. 27.
The following is from the summary of the Bombay
Times of Dec. 14:

The Burmese ambassador arrived at Oklcutta on
the 28th of November; his visit was one of ceremony
and friendship purely ; he was received in state by
the Ooveraor.O I on the 11th Dec.
Bombay has been visited by a slight shock of
earthquake, preceded and followed by a state of the
weather almost unprecedented. Captain Collinson,
with the ship Enterprise, arrived in safety at Hong-
Long on the 14th October. As no provisional
member of council has been appointed for Bombay,
it is supposed that councils are to be suffered to
die oat as authorised by law. Peace is universal
throughout India, with every prospect of its so con-
tinuing. The steamer Assays split a cylinder from
priming, and has been rendered unserviceable, on her
trial trip, just as she was about to proceed to Cal-
cutta. At Bombay money is extremely scarce, and
trade unusually dull. Dates by course of post ex-
tend from Calcutta to the 4th, Madras and N. W.
Provinces to the 7th December. By the electric
telegraph we have news from the first named place
to the 13th instant.

Orden have been received for the immediate des-
patch of four Queen's regiments from India to Turkey
via Egypt. The 10th Hussars march from Kirkee
to the Presidency. where they are expected a fort-
night hence; they will proceed direct to Suez, and
thence march across the desert. Two officers of the

Quartermaster General's department leave by to-day's
mail to make arrangements, and it is not supposed that
any difficulty will be experienced in cover►ng the dis-
tance of 88 miles from Sues to Cairo in four forced
marches. They will then proceed down the Nile by
.boat to the railway terminus, and may probably be
at Alexandria within a fortnight of their reach►ng
Sues. The 14th Dragoons, now at Meerut, are ex-
pected to follow, and the 80th and 83rd Foot are
understood to be under orders. These regiments
might have been all conveyed more safely and eco-
nomically round the Cape to Gibraltar, and thence
transferred to the seat of w►r by steam, and be at
Constantinople by March; as it is, the Hussars will
hardly be there before the beginning of May, nor
can the other troops be expected earlier than June,
considering the great deficiency of steam convey-
ance at Bombay for large b-dies of men on
long voyages. The first detachment will proceed,
in the Punjaub, rigged in haste with the Acbar's
masts and yards betore she receives her engines on
board. She will have a fair wind to Aden, and be

towed up the Red Sea, possibly occupying a month 1
from Bombay to Suez. India can easily spare the
troops, which are in point of number greatly in ex.
mos of what the act of parliament allows, as well as
of our requirement. in periods of profound pesos, '
Two of the Russian frigates in the Pacific are
understood to have been captured by us; and if the
Czar has any other ships in the Eastern seas, they
will speed►ly be in our possession.
Another serious disturbance has been occasioned
by the Rohillas in the Nizam's dominion,. A force
under Brigadier Mayne left 'beguile on the 24th,
and on the 30th came up with a party of the
depredators, wbo were cut to pieces. Oa the let of
December a large number of prisoners were taken,
and on the 3rd troops were sent in parties to scout
the country round in quest of more. The troops
seem to have behaved with their usual intrepidity
and order, and were complimented as they deserved
on these points by their commanding officer.
Important changes are expected to take place
almost. immediately in our Indian armies : the senior
officers on becoming entitled to off-reckonings are to
be promoted and shelved—they are to be disabled
from holding auditor generalship. and other appoint-
ments heretofore entrusted to them. Lieutenant-
colonels of three years' standing are to be promoted
to the rank of colonels, and 220 majors-general,
including those now existing, are to be added to the
army, etch regimeut having an officer of this rank at
its head : at present a colonel never sees the corps to
which he belongs.
So short is the supply of civilians in Bombay,
suited for:high appointments, that young men not six
years in the service, and not seven and twenty years
of age, are holding appointments worth close on
2,0001. a year, others of from ten to fourteen years'
service, holding those from 2,000!. to 3,0001., for
whicl no special or Haileybury qualification is
required.
A singular system of fraud has of late been di.-
covered at the Custom-house, in goods that had
suffered sea damage and were sent to auction. 'f he
Custom house officer in attendance to note the price,
was offend a large sum to falsify the entry with a
view of defrauding the revenue of the ad valorem
duty as well as the underwriters of the set-off against
the insurance. The party attempted to be bribed,
under instructions from his superior., accepted the
money as evidence, and immediately gave the infor-
mation which led to the investigation now in
progress.

An engineering class has just been opened at Cal-
cutta under Colonel Goodwyn, chiefly intended for
the Matt uction of the natives, who now, it is hoped,
will begin to see the importance of this variety of
knowledge. A professor of engineering wee not
out by the Court of Directors in 1843, but, though a
man of ability, he failed in his efforts, partly for
want of the means of giving practical instruction, but
principally from the indifference of the natives to ever,
thing which failed to secure an immediate return.
They expected public employment the instant they
left the class room, and this could not at all times be
' secured. Now there is a vast demand for surveyors
and engineers which can only be supplied from home.
Much difficulty seems to present itself in getting the
Sir Jamseijee grant of 10,0001. for the promotion of
instruction in the industrial arts made available, in
acaurquence of the form in which some European
seems to have recommended it to be given. Twenty
or thirty th,usand pounds would require to be contri-
buted by government before the independent semi-
nary for which he has undertaken to provide stipen-
diary pupils can be established, and this is more than
government are likely to afford in the present state
of their financis for any peace project whatever.
The Governor-Gentral acd Governors of Bombay
and Madras continue at the head-quarters of their
respective governments: the commanders-in-chief I
are all is the districts.

(II ILICITIC