The Express.
London, England, 1855-05-11 00:00:00

that he did not understand ...haaaraPlaa &mil Mhos the the Russian project would permit their indefinite' ati
On a general oboe .1018 by Led ammill, two bordering states, of all apporteasnees of war, where..
ciple of limitation, M. de Titoft `tales that, to resolve the Catherine of Russia, desired to make of the Euxinemprels
see
difficulties is an equitable meaner, :end is conformity with entirely commercial, from which should be excludeda the
edering powers, the flags of war of all nations ;
Porte showed itself disposed D. 7 Its pert tesspeme die prin. satiric. France, adopting the idea from the Ella"-
the lan proposed by Prince
p.e_. odtentieries of there. Fiance maintains the principle of I •
ttebtiaewgandtisresantdt zPauplatni:ltlion°sibetht.er teewt:tlab:
moat efficacious method would, doubtless, consist facili- Gottebakoff leads, on the contrary, to invite them call
n ,c osing —R u. sin
Turkey and those of Russia. Fully sensible or he salutary wishes to abolish it.
effeete of a good understanding between the two. he M. de Titoff having observed that Article 6of the project
is pommeled that nothing would offer to the Russian ps:eni- of treaty presented by Id. Drouy n tie Lhuys also infrines
potentiaries • better opportunity of proving the conciliate,' on the principle of closing, even, in his opinion, to an ex-
disposition of theireourt than if they were is a position to :14:t try dangerous to the ineepeedence of the Porte
discuss
their mutual interests with a power free in rose- sari 'me. tiortchalteff having equally declared that lotions and its movements. nothing w cold be menacing to that independence, and to
This opinion having raised frcm several quarters the ob• the Europeat, equilibrium to g I, except combinations
jection that the treaties signed by the Porte on the occasion wk.
would ad,sit on the otter side of the Straits the
Of the war prevented it from coming to an arrangement oilstone" of the moo: formidable fleets in the world, while
with Russia without the concurrence of the allies ot the within, the munterpoiie of the Russian marine would be Sultan, M. de Titeff maintains that to discuss was nut annihilated ; M. Drouyn de Lhuys replied that the
the same thing as to pledge. He therefore thinks that, Ottoman Gevernniont IS the ben judge of the question
without derogating from the obligations which the Porte whether the exceptions stipulated by Article .5 ere or are
his undertaken, the friends of peace ought not to discour• not conformable to its interest ; that, moreover, the emit-
age that Power from adopting a siestas which the nature eon only confirmed the role ; end that, in any ease, there
of things points out to two countries which the war does not ill no pots: ble comparison betweeu the exceptional cases
prevent from having a large number of neigh bowie g into provided be in the article in question, and the total abolition
Irests, susceptible of being better appreciated from the mo- cal the prineip2e of closing, SR proposed by Russia.
must when they should be submitted to the competent Lord John Russell calls to wind that be has already
I elimination of either into its own affairs. proved, at the last conference, that tee dangers which
Prince Golealmkoff declares his cone rrrrr es in the menses the empire of the Sultan come Dilly from Russia ;
sentiments expressed by his colleague, and regrets to see that neither France nor Oteat Britain is suspected of lock-
the Sublime Porte, the 'amity of whom independence tog for the breaking up of the Otteman ,ewer; that nothing
wee in question, in • position which seemed so adverse to it. can prove better the. this war what detereet sentiments
Aali Psalm protestsagainet this of explaining the animate those govern:a eats. The Sublime Porte has celled
question. He expresses his regrrs at being obliged, not- upon the Western Powe."s, as well for their assistance against
withstandiag his &sem out to embitter the discussion, to the aggression of Russia, as to obtain guarantees of security
answer the observations of Prime Gortedakuff, by resin- for the future. England would have seen an efficacious
taming that the Sublime Porta has been forced by Mecum- mode of obtaining these by the adoption of the sy stem of
'Maces which are within the knowledge of all the world to the neutrality of the Blatk tea, of which the French Minis-
have recourse to arms to defend its rights ; that the two ter for Foreign Affairs tie. made mention. Russia could
great Western Powers, haying recognised the justice of its base adopted it without dm esre because the Black Be!
cause, have signed with it a yof alliance, which stands would have remained closed •to all flags of war. Russia
on bases of perfect reciprocity ; that the clause which binds flaying rejected this system, no m'so that of reciprocal limi-
the Ottoman Empire to the Western Powers not to arrive tattoo of river. bordering state., a ith the admission of a re-
al a conclusion without coming to a previous understanding .triCt•id number net ships of war o. the contracting powers,
with them, binds them in return in a similar degree to the and having on her aide only prop need a plan based on a
Sublime Porte; that, in fact, hie fall powers do not au. totally opposite principle, and riot o. Bering, is his opinion,
thorise him to enter into a separate negotiation with Russia any guarantee against tee dangers w nuts it is proposed to
Irrespective of the sonfineence. remove, be can only express his deep regret that it has not
(Signed) BUOL-13CRAURNIITZIN. been possible for the conference te co. ne to so atreement
GORTCHAKOFF. PROILMICH.OBTEN. on measures for a pacific solution, and that England and
Temps. Dnours Ds LRUY.. France ere reduced to the acceasity el se 'eking those india•
BOOKtitithEY. mumble g tees In the continued occupation of the
J Rveeu,t.. Black Sea and the Baltic.
The Earl of Weeimurland concurs in tit a opinion of his
colleague.
M. de Titeff regrets that the plenipntentt elite of Great
B are not authorised to discuss the pro 1e et proposed
by Musa., while such latitude would have u !feted a real
pledge 01 the sincerity of their deeire for peace.
M. de B m quene y havirg observed that the whole plats
delimit:teed by the Hendon plenipotentiaries had the cha-
racter of Mewing met tie preeonde ranee of Russia ix the
Black Sea, to which the conference has to seen the means
cal putting an nit, is an •bsolute necessity for the Earth
peen equilibrium, Priem.. Ourtchek. ff replies that .the dons-
went preeea'ed by him heti the double object of provieg,
Ist, that the aggressive twee of Russia in the Emmy is net
nearly so redoubt. ble as it appears to be considered ; and
moreover, that in the in r of the European equilih: ium
as s ell as the independence of the Porte, the existence of a
Russian naval force in the Black Sea is neci awry.
Count Buol said that Austria haying nothing more at
heart than to contribute to the re-establiehment of peace, he
regretted sincerely to see Rustle proposing a principle of
opening the Black Sea, while the other Powers are unani-
mous in proclaiming the contrary principle as necessary to
the tranquilli•y of Europe. Austria can underarm:id that
Russia holds to liming a respectable force in the Black Sea;
bat she sees in the unlimited extension of that force a dan-
ger not only tor Turkey, but for Russia herself. The Russian
plenipotenriarice have themselves shown that their fleet in
the Black flea was too weak to contribute in this war to the
deice es of the coasts. It is net the less true that it is, never-
theless, toostrong for the Ottoman navy, as the results of
the war have 'treads proved. It he, therefore, with the
object of provide g against new complications that Austria
*Mears see .certain limitestien to the Reeeien naval forces
is the Black Sea.
M. Drouyn de Lhoye Pha.s that Russia will not give any
species of guarantee to the Ottoman empire. In regard to that
provided by the first article, sod adopted at the lost confer-
ence, Russia 'educes it to a chimera, because even in the case
lot • Turkish province b'irg invaded by one of the contracting
I powers, Russia, according to Prince Oortchakotre inter-
pretation, will confine herself to the employment of its
good dices On the other hand, the admits of no limita-
tion to a fleet which, in the judgment of all the Powers, is
disproportioned to the eces of the other river-bordering
power to such an extent as to form a permanent mensal
epaulet her. Russia herself points to the danger to the
Porte of the assembling of European forces round Con-
atantatople, end nevertheless she proposes a plan according
to which they could Ireely come there, and which would
even permit the Russian Baltic fleet to go and join that of
the Black Sr...
Prince Oorichato ff does not pretend that his plan has no
ohjections. It would be better in general to abandon the
Sublime Porte to its own iespirations, and to give it greater
freedom of action. In any c so, his preys-m.11.s fewer lemon-
y. esteems than that of M Drouyn de Lhuys, to which he
attributes the design of wishing to humiliate Russia, because
the principle id limitation touches upon sovereign rights.
M. Drouyn de Lhuys protests egotism the tendency im-
puted to hi. project If Russia hen no intention of giving
to its Blasi Sea fleet an indefinite development, why doee
she nut come to an tie demanding with the adjoining power,
upon a basis of reciprocal limitation, why should not the
two power. then realm knows to the conference what they
had agreed upon between themselves ? Where would there
be in each a proceeding humiliation or dishonour ?
Baron Prokesch observes, that when four powers are
unanimous in geeing in the existence of an unlimited fleet
in the Black Sea a danger for the Ottoman Empire, the
contrary opinion of Russia cannot prevent them from
devising means of precaution mimed that danger. The
Russian plenipotentiaries hove themselves admitted that
en unlimited development of the Russian naval forces in
the Block Sea was neither fur the interest nor according to
the ibteutions Of Russia. Wbi, then, not impnee upon
hermit a limitation in so convenient a form as that of a
recteroca' agreement between sot; .itsieg powers ?
Prince Gerichakelf replied to Baron Prokesch that he
could not hut participate in the respect which the Austrian
plenipotentiary manifested for a right of sovereignty of the
Sublime Port, : that he recognises it as incenteitible, and
bows to the principle ; but, in return, he asks the Austrian
plenipotentiary why the same value is not placed by him
on a right of sovereignty equally ineontestible on the part
of the Emperor of Russia, that of deciding urea the num-
ber of vessels which it may suit him to have in his own
pmts? It seems to him that, in this case, reciprocity
should be in strict equity.
Baron Prokesch said that the answer lay in the difference
between the respective positions, Austria being et the actual
crisis the ally of the powers at war with Russia. Besides,
whatever coefiderce may be merited by the wisdom and
moderation of Sovereigns, them does not suffice to render
superfluous the positive stipulations of treaties, which will
be necessary as long as there are governments.
M. Drouyn de Limy. repeated that the emoject produced
by:him had been originated in • sincerely conciliatory spirit,
and that it coimined absolutely nothing offensive or pro-
ve:eatery to Russia. The problem to be solved consisted in
the means of connecting the existence of the Ottoman em-
pire with the European equilibrium, end of putting an end
te Russian preponderant), in the Bleak Sea. lint when it
is a question of placing the territorial integrity of Turkey
beyond danger, Russia says she. will maictailt, but not
g tee it; and when it is a question of guarding against
the dangers which menace Rumen on the sea coast, Russsia
peremptorily rejects every specie& of limitation to her fleet,
even under the form of a direct arrangement with the
Sublime Porte.
The discussion having bent brought back to the question
of the guarantee spoken of at the opening of the meeting,
and to the different opinion expressed on its beatings by the
Russian plenipotentiaries to that of the other members of
the conference, Baron Bourqueney stated that, sa having
signed the treaty of 1841, he had already seen a similar die-
agreemeet to that of which he was this day witness. If his
effort. did not then succeed to puss the principle of the pre-
paratory preamble, he should at least have the satisfaction of
twice maintaining the name doctrine, though in the face, it
was true, of the same adversarit a. Who would venture to
,contest that the intereationsl obligation solicit to-day from
I Russia by the Four Powers, then written in the articles of a
treaty, had not imposed on all the contracting parties duties,
the ',tempt aceomplishetent of which would have nipped in
the bee. the existing complications 1
Count Boot said, that if one of the contracting Powers
attaches to the common guarantee a meaning different to
that given to it by the lour others, she would do so at her
own risk sad peril, as the otheta would maintain their
Interpretation.
Asti Pasha proposes for Article 1 a modified version, of
which n copy is annexed, milked C, adding that the en-
gage^ eat made by each of the contracting Powers in virtue
of that article consists, in his opinion, M respecting and
musing to be respected the independence and territorial in-
tegrity of the Ottoman empire; anti the common guarantee
applies, therefore, to the strict observance of that meagr-
ment on the pert of each of the contracting parties.
Baron Prokesch thinks that it would be more logical to
unite Articles 1 and 2 inv.) one.
The Conference will consider them propositions at the
time of the final settlement.
Count Baol does not consider the different modes of
Sllll4Oll as exhausted, and considers it especially the task of
I Austria to look for means of an ommodation. He hopes,
therefore, that the conference will meet again as soon as
any of its members shall have any new propositions to make..
Lord John Russell, in doing full justice to the coming..
toy spirit of toe Austrian Minister for Foreign Affaim,
declares, se 'regards himself, that his instructions are
exhausted.
M. prOlr in de Lams made the same declaration• adding,
that he under the necessity of taking the ord ere of the
Biltlw.or, his master, and he to himself to mike an
swotted communication thereon to the ter,
resentative of
Flame at Vienna. _ _

AMA.
AAHIP.

ANRIX A TO PROTOCOL No.
Article 1. The 'sign contracting parties wishing that the
Sublime Porte should participate in the advantages of the
system established by public law between the cl,fferint states
of Europe, angels themselves ally to respect the lode
pendence and territorial integrity of the Ottimen empire,
guarantee together the strict observance of tnia engagement,
and will in consequence consider every act or event which
should be of a nature to infringe on it as a question of Eu-
roi.ean Meerut.
Art. 2. If a misundentaneing should arise between the
Porte and one of the contracting parties, these twu States,
before Laving recourse to the employment of force, should
place the other powers in a position to anticipate this ex
*ems muss by pun& means.

ANNEX B TO PROTOCOL No 11.
Art. 3. His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russia', and
his Highness the Sultan, wishing reciprocally to gite a
proof of their confidence, and to anticipate the mitgiviesia
which might arise from the emigre development ul their
naval forces in the Euzine' engage respectively not to have
in that sea more than four ships, four frigates, with a pre-
pertionate number of light vessels and of unarmed vessels
etclusively a laptcd to the transport of troops.
Art. 4. The rule of the cicsia4 of tha Straits of the Boa

phonic and of the Dardanelles, kid down by the treaty of
July 13, 1841, shall remain in force with the exceptions,
specified in the following articles.
Art. 6. Each of the contracting powers who have not en
establishment iu the Bleck See shall be authorised by a fir-
man of His Highness, on notifying it five days beforehand,
to bring into that sea a number of vessels equal to half the
naval forms which each of the two powers bordering on the
sea shall maintain there in conformity with article 2.
Art. 6. At no tune shall ships of war of foreign nations
with the reception of light vessels belonging to the embas•
Gies admitted heretofore, be able to anchor at tte Golden

Horn, and in time of peace the• nuttier of vtuels of the

line a the contracting power who have no establishment
in the Bleck Seashell nut be allowed to be more than four

tat he came time beforo Cuni is in
from the Dardanelles to the Black Bee, and from the Black
the to the Dardanelles.

Art. 7. In cue (which God forbid !) the Sultan should be
menaced by an aggression, he reserves to himself the right
to open the passages to all the maritime forces of his allies.
Art. 8. The two powers bordering on the Black Sea, in
order to testify to the other high contracting parties their
desire to maintain with them the most friendly relations

engage to admit in all the ports situated in the Black See'
1 the consuls which the latter may consider it useful to Ws

bliah there..

Art. 9. His Majesty the Emperor of all the Ruuiss and
hie Highness the Sultan, wishing to give a proof of tho
generous sentiments with which they are animated, pro-
mise a full and entire amnesty I. all it:lll.hr alit., and
officers of the provinces which have been the Utters of war.
None of them shall be molested nor prosecuted fur his (vi-
sions, for his acts, or for the conduct he may have held
during the war, or during the temporary occupation of the
provinces by the respective troops of the belligerent parties.
The inhabitants of the Islands of Aland are admitted to the
benefit of tbis provision.
Art. 10. His Majesty the King of Sardinia is comprised in
the present peace. Commercial and other relations are re•
established between that kingdom and the empire of all the
Russia., on the same footing u they were before the declare-
tion of war.

PROTOCOL (No. 12) OF A CONFERENCE MILD AT VIENNA,
APRIL 21, 1866.

Present —For Austria : Count de Buol-Schavens.ein ►od
Baron de Prokeach-Osten. For France: Drnutn de
Lbuys and Baron de Bourqueeey. For Great Britain: Lord
John Russell and the Earl of Westmorland. Fur Russia :
Prince Gortehakoff and N. de Titoff. For Turkey : Asir
Pasha and Aarif Effendi.

Protocol No. 11 having been read, Prince Oortcheknff
took the opportunity of requesting that express mention
should therein be made of the explanations which he gave
to the preceding eaaference in order to prove that he does
not attach to the guarantee mentioned in Article 1. which
was unanimously adopted, the sense of an active guarantee
of the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.
Y. Dronyn de Lhuys states that the engagement to be
contracted by the Powers, as recorded in the last confer-
ence, imposes upon them the obligation theniselv, s to re-
spect, and to force the other contracting parties to respect,
the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman
Empire, ae that any contracting power which should make
an attempt upon that territorial integrity should be respon-
sible to the others, who then, in order to cause respect to be

paid to the common engagement, should employ all the
means in their power, force not excepted.
Prince Gortchakeff recognises that Russia would be ob-
liged to consider any act hostile to the territorial integrity •
sa a question of European interest, but he refuses the ea- i
gagesaent to make it a cams of war. He insists on the in-
sertion,
in the preceding protocol, of his explanatory oh- •
servation.
The plenipotentiaries of Great Britain and Austria, ed.
herieg to the opinion expressed by H. Gronyn de Lhuys,
require on their part at the same time that the plenipoten- •
tiaries of France will record, in the protocol of to-day, the
expression of the regret with which they learn the restric-
ties interpretation of PrinceGortchaktff.
Count Buol adds that his impression bad been that the
ezplanations given on all sides, at the last conference, had
entirely dispelled the difference of opinion manifested in
the best instance by Prince Gortchakoff.
The reading of Protocol No. 11 having ended, Prince
Gortehakoff said that the plenipotentiaries of Russia have
this day a double duty to fulfil; that of giving their opinion
epos the propositions made at the Met conference, and that
explaining their own views on the means of developing
the tt ird principle.
The propositions which have been made to them being in
their eyes deregatony to the sovereign rights of the Em-
peror their master, eontrary to the European equilibrium,
and dangerous to the independence et the Ottoman empire,
they cannot but decline them.
Before making known to the conference the views of the
Ti114:011 the manner in which the treat
could be revised, Prince Gortehakc,ff

of the 13ih hay, 1841,
nperrted his regrets at not seeing a representative here of
ens of the European powers, whose double right to parti
efpan in these deliberations arises, in his view, from her
car dry as a state of the first order, and from the fact of her
ha wing been • party to the signature of that treaty.
After having read the memorandum annexed, marked A,
'c'rince Oortchthoff inquire* whether the conference desires
to know the ideas of the Russian plenipotentiaries on the
mode of carrying into effect the general views which he has
just made known.
Lord John Russell declares that the plan developed by
Prince Gortohakoff rests on • basis on which he is nut
authorised to treat ; that be is, therefore, precluded from
entering into a discussion of the details of this plan, which,
however, he cannot prevent Prince Oortchakoff from
making known to them.
Prince Elortchakoff, after having read the d paper
marked B, holds that Russia, having engaged to propose
the meths of re-establishing the equilibrium of forces la the
Black Sea, has redeemed her word.
Anil Paella declares that his instructions prescribe to
him the maintenance of the principle of diming the Straits,
which the Russian plan tends to abolish ; that the Sublime
Porte having at all times considered this principle as a gua-
rantee of its independence, holds to its being respected,
excepting in certain eases which might be stipulated ;
that the opening of the Black Sea would in her eyes ma-
'titan not only a danger to the Ottoman empire, but
[ would also multiply the occasions for a misunderstanding
between the European Powers.
M. Drouyn de Limy' says he wits not authorised to die-
[cure the details of the Russian plan, the fundanental idea
of who:his diametrisally opposed to the 'Men which France
would ham wished to have NOR maintaiesd. That silt.=
tended to obviate the danger of leaving two unequal lona
in thopressase of one another, b7cettoblll the diuPPesraSSi
from Sth Mack Bea, empties as regards the politg ii lig

(Signed) BtroL•SonnormsTi/N.
raomiscm-Ornut. GOUTCII•IO77.
DROUYN DB Llillrd. Tivm.
BOUR4OII2CIT.
J. Rossais,.
WiarYOULAND.

AALL
Aana.