The Express.
London, England, 1852-04-10 00:00:00

FRANCE.

1

PA/18, FIMAT EVINTIO.
•
You will meneniber that is the beginning of March
wee published in the Monitessr the new treaty of the
government with the Bank of France, according to
which this establishment agreed to lower its rate of
interest from 4 to 3 per cent., and to advance money
upon railway shares. It was announced at the same
time that the official statement of the bank's situa-
tion would only appear quarterly instead of weekly.
Iu the latter respect some concession appears to have
been made to pnblic opinion, the Moniker having
since declared that a statement of the bank's situa-
tion will be published every month. The first of
these documents has appeared to-day, and enables us
to obtain some insight into the operation of the new
arrangements. By comparing it with the last state-
ment, which brings up the bank's account to the 4th
of March, I find the following results, which
are expressed in pounds sterling. The amount of
bills discounted has increased at Paris by 351,680!.,
and in the departments by 144,4801., making
a total increase of nearly half a million sterling. The
advances on railway shares amount to 181,720/. The
advances upon public securities have increased Ly
3,080,840!. Thu metallic reserve has increased at
Paris by 358,1201., and in the branch banks by
63,000/. The amount of bank notes in circulation
has increased at Paris by 2,874,640/., and in the de-
partments by 405,6801. The account-current of the
treasury, creditor, amounts to 2,028,1201., which
shows a diminution of 1,088,960/. Private accounts-
current at Paris have increased by 2,159,280!., and
in the departments by 63,0801. The bank has also ad-
vanced 20 millions of franks to the city of Paris on
the loan of' 50 millions. Oa the whole, the state-
ment published to-day is as favourable as could bo
expected.
The council of state is occupied just at present not
only with the law on the penitentiary system, but
also with another bill on judicial rehabilitation. You
may remember that this question was brought before
the National Assembly by M. de Laboulie, and
that the bill was reported. The object of the pre-
sent measure is to supply the defects of the present
legislation in matters relating to the victims of judi-
cial errors, and the means of restoring to such, or
their representatives, the rights lost by sentences
pronounced against them. fwo systems are pro-
pmed for effecting this object, ono of which would
defer to the courts of justice alone the right of pro-
nouncing rehabilitations, while the other would leave
this power in the hands of the government.
The Minister of Finance is at this moment busily
engaged in preparing the budget of 1853. This is
expected to be ready soon after the Easter recess.
You are aware that the Legislative Body have de-
eded that it should be optional with members to
wear their uniforms or not at the sittings. The fact
is, that the deputies are generally deeply. mortified
by the inferiority of rank and importance implied by
the poverty and plainness of their costume
as compared with the gilded liveries of the
senators and councillors of state. This treat-
ment they find not only humiliating but widely in-
consistent with the "dogma of the sovereignty of
the people," and the respect for universal suffraze,
upon which the President founds his right to be
considered as the most legitimate sovereign possible.
Hence all the independent deputies have, I under-
stand, come to a resolution of repudiating the degra-
dation attached to their official costsmes by never
wearing them on any occasion whatever, even at the
most solemn ceremonies.

The names of the senators who have been so for-
tunate as to obtain an endowment have not yet offi-
cially appeared. It is said that as many as 38 have
already received intimation of the favour intended
for them. Among the names generally believed to
be in the list arc Generals Hinson, Fiat, l'etit,
and Regnault, Princes Murat and Moskowa, M.
Heeckcren, M. Vicillard, formerly tutor to Louis
Napoleon, and M. Thibeaudeau, the oldest member
of the Senate. The amounts vary from 10,000 to
13,000, so that, in every instance, they will have an
interest in voting for the. government, in order to
obtain the maximum pension of 30,000 fr.
Tho titles of nobility conferred by the government
seem to slip out quite accidentally without the pub-
lication of any previous official notice. Thus M.
Hclie Janvier, brother of the councillor of state who
died lately, has. published a letter, at the foot of which
he adorns his signature with the title of Count de la
Motte. It appears that this was the title bestowed
by the government upon the late councillor of state,
and that it was transferred, upon his death, to his
brother. In a somewhat similar way that it came
casually to the knowledge of the public M. de
Cambaceres had been made the Duke de Cambaceres,
this title having been attached to his name in the
list of senators. Meanwhile one is at a loss to dis-
cover what just claim to titles of nobility can be
preferred by advocates like MM. Janvier and Lebeuf,
who have served other governments with the same
alacrity which they now show in accepting office
under Louis Napoleon.
The last day of the Longehamp promenades has
gone off pretty much like the two preceding, in a
style scarcely worthy of the brilliant weather. The
President appeared to-day again, amid the crowd,
driving his phaeton and pair between the double file
of carnage,, without any escort.
The Patric confirms the statement already given
in the London papers, that the Chevalier de Saint
George, formerly minister plenipotentiary of Franco
at the Brazils, has just been charged with an extra-
ordinary mission to La Plata. He will shortly leave
for Buenos Ayms, with the persons attached to his
mission.

Lord Brougham has arrived in Paris, on his way
to Cannes. . ..

M. Abbattneci has lately given a grand dinner to
the judges, at which ho took occasion to explain to
thee, for their government on the bench, the objects
insollod to be effected by various recent decrees. It
is believed that some heavy blow at the bar is in
Intinn, It would be to run counter to all
traditions if advocates were not to be looked
apes with disfavour.
la,,Fisere Dupont has been sot at liberty to-day.
The all'aiire was seized yesterday. This is the
East boluses of severity towards any journal in
Pa& don the promulgation of the new law of the
prs The Courrier de Martinique has been sup-
ra/ma in that colony, for having suggested that the
nt had connived at the escape of a prisoner ,
I=l
. Two German papers, the New Prussian
Gm/band the Nationale Zeitung, have been inter-
dicted from entering France.
The negotiations which some time since were set
on foot between the French government and the
governments of Bavaria and Mare, for connecting
the German railways with the new branches under-
taken by the Paris and Strasbourg and Strasbourg
and Bile Companies, have been brought to a success-
ful issue. The Bavarian government his jest brought
forward a bill in the Munich Chamber of Deputies,
for the continuation of the palatinate lino to the
French and Hesse frontiers. A bill is now under
the consideration of the council of state, and will be
. .

presented to the Corps Legialatif, for conceding the
Lower Normandy lines to the Rouen Company.
It is said that the government is about to cause
surveys of a railway from Marseilles to Nice to be
made; and that the Sardinian government on its part,
intends to have one surveyed from Nice to Genoa.
In 1844 and 184.5 a line was surveyed from Mar-
seilles to Italyr. by Toulon or Aix.
It is intee M aikbilsh a long line of dykes
between Ham obi Ihresur, to defend the low plain
called Plan dla Nam, from invasions of the sea.
The is adheited at 3,000,000 fr.
The • Ali= that the Minister of Finance
Ira suiskid tram eil the departments, except Cor-
daVe meesile lb* demands for reimbursements
Pie. pet Oats. The total of these demands
samis to 1,936,783 fr. of rent., representing a
capital of 38,735,660 fr.
At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half fell 6c., dosing
at 101 fr. 10c.; the Threes fell 10 e., and closed at
71 fr. 60 c. ; Bank of France shares fell 5 fr.; Rail-
ways again rose, Rouen 15 fr., Lyons 11 fr. 25c.,
Northern 7 fr. 50e.

ITALY.
PIEDMONT.

M. do Saint Sauvour passed through Genoa on the
3rd instant, with the instructions asked for by the
French authorities relative to the conduct to be ob-
served towards the Prince de Canino.
The bill for the continuation of the fortifications
of Casale was approved by the Piedmontese Senate,
on the 6th, after a three days' diacuation, by 30 votes
to 32.

_
GERMANY.

AUSTRIA.
The Debata of Paris says :
We learn by telegraph from Vienna that, immediately
after the death of Prince de Schwarsenberg, the Eaaperor
sent by telegraph to Count Iluol Behauenstein, request-
ing him to wait on him without delay. Count Boot
hen been for some months Austrian minister in London, and
his different missions at Turin, at St. Petersburgh, and
more recently at the Conferences of Dresden, had excited
the particular attention of Prince de Schwargcnberg, who,
finding bin health Impaired, (pointed him out to the em-
peror as his ZUCCCISIOI. Count Bun' is about 45 years of
age. Ito will continue the line of polity of the deceased
minister in the direction of the foreign affairs of Austria.
)le parsed through Bewails the evening before lest on his
way to Vienna.

BERLIN, APRIL G.
The telegraph has probably conveyed to you by ,
this time the news of Prince Schwarzenberg's death,
which became known here a little before nine last night.
I need scarcely say that the intelligence has made the I
deepest impression in all circles of society in this
city. For the la.st three years the name of the de-
ceased prince has been so completely identified with
Austria and her policy in men's minds, that an
Austria without Schwarzenberg has all the strange-
ness of a new idea. The telegraphic despatch which
informs us of the fact, was addressed to Baron Man-
teuffel, who proceeded to communicate the informa-
tion to the King at Charlottenburg. To-day the
wires have been in active requisition, but we arc as
yet placed in possession of only a few of the circum-
stances attending the melancholy event.
It appears that Prince Schwarzenberg had just
left a cabinet council, and was proceeding to the
house of his brother Prince Joseph Adolphus, with
whom he was to dine, when ho was seized with a fit
of apoplexy. A surgeon saw him within less thus
three minutes of his tall, and tried to relieve him by
opening a vein, but life was extinct. Sudden
us is this event it can hardly be said to have sur-
prised the public. A few weeks ago your Vienna
correspondent was writing to you of the illness of
the Premier, and it was noted at the time as singular
that the government organs of the press should have
contained a prominent announcement of the Prince's
audience of the Emperor within two days of the
crisis of his disease. A few days afterwards it was
stated in some of the Berlin papers that the Prince's
countenance bore traces of his recent indisposition,
and straightway he mounted his horse as if to defy
these unfriendly rumours. A day or two ago fresh
reports were spread to the effect that the Prince was
so ill as to be brought to the point of resigning the
conduct of affairs, and thereupon he went to the the-
atre and showed himself in his box, gave a banquet
to the Russian princes, and sought to conceal
physical debility by the violent efforts of a
proud and unyielding spirit. The Prince had
seen a deal of life, had always in fact
lived too fast. Pleasure had done its work on him!
when at the age of 48 ho took in hand a task for
which an iron constitution would not have been too
strong. At play or at work Schwarzenberg was
energetic and impetuous. His temper could brook
no opposition. His character, such as it was, was
decided and independent. Until the " punctuation"
of Oliniitz, his course, although beset with diffi-
culties, was successfuL Ills circular addressed to
the representatives of Austria at foreign courts, im-
mediately after that event, is an open exultation over
the degradation of Prussia, and when he appeared
at the Dresden conferences, he, despite of his
whitened locks, the youngest statesman there, was
looked up to as a hero. But this may he said to have
been the culminating point of his success. Nothing
was done at Dresden ; the troops of the empire were
marched to Holstein and back again without ar.y ap-
parent gain to the state. Hanover and the Ilene-
verians rallied to the commercial policy of Prussia,
and the Austrian provinces were kept out of the
confederation. The external administration of
Prince Schwarzenberg is that for which his friends
claim for him most credit, and yet these are its fruits.
Within the imperial frontiers the late premier en-
countered equal difficulties. His favourite system of
extreme centralization brought him into perpetual
conflict with the higher aristoracy, of which he was
a member. The nobles saw the government sanction
and seal the abolition of their remaining feudal
privileges, especially those which gave them claims
on the labour of the peasantry, and felt annoyed as
bureaucrats usurped the functions which, before
1848, they had exercised. To add to his embarrass-
ment, the practical men of office, the Cardwell!' and
Gladstones of Austria, shunned connexion with
him, or were found too liberal for his purpose,
and thus he was left without experience to work
out his conceptions, often very vague and general, as
he could. While the Prince could count on a power-
ful army to support his policy without, and upon the
confidence of his sovereign to strengthen him within,
he could afford to despise his difficulties. But the
army itself became a source of weakness, and the
confidence of the sovereign come to bo shared by
men inimical to the Prince and his system. Bodily
disease was hastened by the excitement of an uncon-
trolled temper and the fretting of a proud and im-
patient spirit, and it may be, that the event which
has removed the Austrian prince from the scene has
exempted his friends front witnessing an affliction
more distressing than any mere bodily suffering.
The death of Prince Schwarzenberg must very
seriously complicate the state of affairs in Austria.
For some time past the state of public opinion in that
country has been such, and the general dissatisfac-
tion with the internal administration of Austrian

affairs so general, that a great deal more uneasiness
has been felt in tho cabinet of the Emperor than
has been outwardly evinced. I do not hero refer
to the state of the Italian provinces, which always
were, and always will be, more or less in a disturbed
state while under the detested rule of the House of
Hapsburg. A systematical passive resistance to the
government is well known to be generally organised
there, and possession of the land is only kept by
the army. It is not, therefore, to these notorious
facts that I now allude, so much as to the state of
feeling which prevails in Hungary and in the heredi-
tary provinces.
In Hungary the measures which have been adopted
by the government, since the conclusion of the civil
war, have alienated many of its most devoted ad-
herents, and driven them into the ranks of its bit-
terest enemies. No matter what may be the con-
flicting opinions in that country, about what ought'
to be done for the future, all parties aro unanimous
in condemning what has been done and what is
doing. The whole body of the people are angry and
discontented, and the end of it, for some time im-
pending, must certainly be hastened by the death of
Prince Schwarsenberg. Among the most prominent
causes of discontent is the immense increase of taxa-
tion, without any apparent or pressing necessity
which can justify it in the eyes of anybody, or re-
concile the most well-disposed to it. It is not, how-
ever, the taxes only, however severely they may be
felt by a people hitherto almost exempted from them,
but it is also the tyrannical and offensive manner of
levying them, and the arbitrary and shameless con-
duct of the police, and the subordinate officers of the
government, which have inflamed discontent into
hatred. A sentiment of indignant regret con-
tinues also undoubtedly to be felt at the aboli-
tion of the constitution. Whatever may have been
the faults of that constitution—and they were
certainly very many—there was much in it which
flattered the national pride, and it was dear to all
classes of the community. It must be remembered
also that the tie which, up to 1848, bound Hungary
to Austria, was neither more nor less than a voluntary
contract, revocable by either party if its conditions
were not adhered to. Hungary, however, now
stands in the position of a conquered province. It
is not very likely that the proud sensitive
Hungarians would bo very satisfied with thin
state of things, and hence comes the pas-
sive resistance which they are showing to
a government against which they know that they
aro for the present too weak to contend actively.
Wise and prudent measures, exactly such as no Aus-
trian government is likely to take, might yet arrest
the progress of discontent in Hungary, and the con-
stitutional crown of St. Stephen might be yet long
preserved to the house of Hapsburg Lorraine. But
the very pride of despotism blinds it to its true in-
terests. In spite of the unexampled severity with
which the government has injudiciously pursued po-
litical offenders, not a week panes without some
new symptom of popular tendencies; and those who
have not courage enough for active daring are known
to plot secretly.
In Vienna, perhaps, at this moment, as well as in
the hereditary provinces generally, the feeling
though worse than at any time since the revolution,

le not quite so bed as elsewhere. People are wear
of struggling, and too much taken up with public
amusements, to give . great attention to other ques-
tions. In the provinces, however, the communal
law has created so much disgust among the conser-
vatives, that even they do nut scruple to condemn
the government for establishing it ; while in Vienna,
the state of siege, the spy system, the floggings, and
hangings, have no doubt created a much stronger
impression on the public mind than is openly shown.
The men of science and letters bitterly lament the
failure of all the bright promises of the constitution.
The clergy is too divided to make its support of any
use, and there may be a good deal of doubt as to
whether even that would be cordially given. 'rho
revenues of the church have been extensively plun-
dered.

Notwithstanding all this, however, no present out-
break need be expected so long as profound peace
may reign in Europe ; and while 100,000 men lay in
and about the capital, while guns pointed on the town
so as to sweep the streets from end to end bristle on
every battery, and while no one can doubt that there
exists the stern will to use them, the court sulks
with the Viennese even yet, and would not be sorry
of an opportunity for inflicting on them some signal
act of vengeance. The people know this, and keep
quiet, but the apathy is only outward ; and public
peace throughout Austria would scarcely be safe for a
day, after the declaration of a European war, nor the
people tranquil for a week, if they saw any hope of
success in a rising. Anxious eyes read every tele-
graphic despatch from Paris, and thirsting ears are
listening for the first sounds of disturbance in the
I same quarter to raise their hopes of revolt against
the power that now tyrannises over the length and
breadth of the Austrian empire. The death of Prince
Schwarzenberg, by unsettling the court and councils
of the Emperor, must tend to weaken the reign of
power by which alone things are now kept together
in Austria.