The Express.
London, England, 1852-09-09 00:00:00

!NISH IliN:11

Mr. J. A. Br.IIIVr read a paper we this subject yesterday
in Stetion B. Ile • iid, th, valataxes bcarial this name as
found accidentally in the various boggy districts of Ireland,
'ousel 'S also is Secialm.d, and as usually preserved in
vault tens, in which the matter had move probably been
ori.inally doposited. Nothing arrears t 4 be known as to
what this substance Grater!: woo, or the time of its deposit.

TvYJDAT Evsnuto.
tirCTION A.—MATIIrIIATICAL AND Tltroll AL SCIINCII.
Pap. rs wore read in this ret*irs by 1/r. E. Do Bois It:q-
uint& •• On a new eft produced on Muscles by the Dec,
tric Curroot ; " by F. Raisaltis. "The Ninth Annual Re-
poli comooriong the Kew Obsfrsatory ; " by Sir W. S.
Harris, •• Ihe Provisioual lit nort on the reduction of
Anosnometrical Ohs, rva•ions : by Captain Johnson,
It N . On the plac,or of Compasses in Iron Ships ;'•
be Captain Strachey. " Ou the Formula for the
Wet Bulb Thermometer ; " fy Sir W. R. Hamilton,
"O. Iliquateroicias; " by Prtft ssor (I. Stokes, " On the
Optics! Properties of a recently diseovered Salt of
441111111illf." Professor Stokes ilso exhibited irpeeinseos of
sensitive media. I'.pers were a'so read by Professor C. P.
Sonde. "On an improved form of reflecting instrument for
nee at Sat ;" by R. W. Towashond, "On an instrument for
examining the Colours of L,,,tiids by transmitted Light ;'•
by Sir David Brewster. " Baamiaation of I)oee's Theory of
Lustre als iby Sir David Br, wster, Notice of a Tree
struck hr Lightning at Clar.dt boy ;" by F. J. Hoyle, " Re-
sults of hour:y ob,ervations of Barometer and Thermo-
roster at S.aturunpore. in :be northwest of India, lat. 30
deg. .-" by Dr. Tyndall, ••On • new Therovnueler of Con-
taet,sed Certain results els:aimed by it ;" by the Rev. Dr.
Bryce, "On Chinos,. Arithmetical Notation ;•• by AVillisto
Oartland, "Oa Criteria for real sad intsg.naty Roots of
Biome& stir tuati..ns;" by A. Owlet, "On the Stereos
isooporneter ;" by Admiral Sir J nho Ross," Os the Aurora ;'•
be W. 11. Hooper. RM., "On the Aaron:" by J. K.
Watts, "On the Aurora."

APCTION settees.
E. Hunt, Esq., rend a report on the Influence of the
&Fir Itedintions; and D. 1: 'raids, a Notice of the Oil
of the riun•fish taken off the Bay of Galway." Papers
wee* re.sd by J. B. Lewes, Esq., and Pr. J. H. Gilbert,
" On the Composition of Food in Relation to ltespiration
and the Feeding of Animal.:" by Dr. Hodges, " On the
Phosphatic Nodules of the Green Sand of the North of
Irelsild ;" by Or. Penny, " On the Estimation of lodine ;"
by Professor Tennant, "On the Koh-i-noor Diamond."
Samuel Hideo's, Esq., read • very intemting memoir on
Glynn and Appers patent paper for the prevention of piracy
and forgery by the nr.aetatie presses'. Mr. Bateson e.itered at
length Into a description of the proems of transferring printed
eograviags, drawings, eatraye, dec., by the process usually
named the area tots:, which was introdneed by Rudolph
Appel of Silesia, about eight years ago. The facility with
which eosins of bank notes can be made by this
and the difficulty of leteeting the forgery was an orl=
ito the general use of t, which every honest man could not
bet consider as almost insurninintable. The remedy sug-
gested by Mr. Natrona is one Try likely to answer the
purpose mended, and, from its simplicity end apparent
effetiveness, must din et mono attention to this novel and
important subject than it has hitherto met with at the
bands of men of science. lie recommended the use of a
peculiar paper, on which the arum is.e tial to the anostatie
process take such an effect that bank notes nor anything
"ender cannot be copied with any degree of worse? et
perfection. At the eonclusion of the diecuss:on to ',filch
this paper gave rise, Professor Grahaas,vbe presided duriog
the day, 'amounted that the present meeting of the che-
mical section was conclude).

C.-010LOOT.
A report was made on Crag Formations and Coprolitee,
in a letter from Mr Long; ani popers were read by Mr.
Smith, of Jordan Hid, "On t.e conditions under which
Fadden occur is Scotland;" by Mr. Bryce, " On the dis-
position of Granite Blocks la Argyl!shire;" by Professor
Nicoll, " On the occurrence of Gimlet Mnrains in Arran ;"
by Major Vicary, of Wczford, " On the Geology of a portion
of tie Himalayan Mountain.," communicated by Sir R. I. !
Mu:chino ; by Mr. H. Twining, " OD some peculiarities of
the Granite in cartain parts of the Pyrenees;" by Mr.
Hennessey, "On some points in Geological Theory ;" and
by Dr. Btalliter, "On certain Furrows and floseings on
the surface of Granite, caused by drift sand, at the Cape of
Good Hope." Mr. Smith, of Jordan Hill, eakiSited a fossil
fish Gain Cariuke, Lanarkshire.
CICTION D.-ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, INCLUDING PUY-

SIOLOGT.
Pipers were read by Precool' E. Forbes, "On a new
Map of the Geographical Distribution Of Mafih, Life, and
on the H0M04024C What" by the Prince of Canino, " On
recent Additions to the Ord., of Died+, and on their Clas-
sification ." by Prof...sun Owen, a " Demonstration of his
tiers on the Crani VerteLla,." by Dr. Gladstone "On
the Influence of Light on Plnats ;" by Dr. Martin Barn;
'On a singular Locality selected for I.feet-building, by the
Black Redstart ;" by Professor Rincks, " On an Anomaly
of Trifolieno repent;" by Professor Dickie, "On a Mon-
strosity of Beau perennis ;" by Major Munro, •• On the
Tresuntutation of lEgilops into 'frith:am ;" by R. Ogilby,
Req. "Oa the Relation between the Organic Structure of
Quadrupeds. and their Bahita: E:uncoms. and Intellects ;"
by rrnirwor Balfour. " Remarks on the 'Flora of the South
nod West of Ireland ;" by Professor Wharton Junco " Or.
the form by which the C.retliatiosi of the Blood is Csrried
on ;" by Dr. Fo•ler. " On the question, what is the State
of Mind and Vit.,:ity during pert...et Sleep, and the Sleep in
which we dream," by Dr. John Barker, "On the part
played by the C ***** ous Sit.a on the Circulation in the
Bram."
11,11.CTIPIN 2.-0101:IRANI T •ND ZTIMOLOGY.

The Ike. Dr. Hume :cad a curious and entertaining
paper, entitled " Same &coma of the Origin, Character-
istics, and Dialect of the People in the Counties of DAM
and Antrim." The distrie, he observed, of which Belfast
is the natural cfnfte, is car which has exercised a mat im-
portant infisicce on the destinies of the human race in these
bloods. In Down the patron mint made his first convert,
and there his ashes repose; is Antrim the real Daiwa°
poems are supposed so Lass seined. Is Doss was the
ancient Ulidia, from which the extended name Ulster is
derived ; in Antrim was the ancient Dalradis, the name
of which was applied to a large portion of modern Soot-
!mid liihnid was oriiicaUy knows as Scotia, or Scotia
Major ; and, when the Luce was saperseded,:at home, it
was retained be our enterprising colonists to Argyle and
Lore, and afterwards extended to all North Britain, after
the coesqueet by Kenneth :n the ninth ci Dairy. The line
of kings, descended from Fergus, the son of Ere, not only
mingled his blood with Saxon monarchs of England, but
was afterwards traniferrtd to England ; so that Queen
Victoria traces an authentic descent from the petty chief-
tains of this neighbourhood in the fifth century. More
than • thousand years slterirarels the debt of colonisation
was repaid, at the time of the plantation of Ulster. The
Anglo-Saxon population had been so long separated into
two brow-hes, the English and Scotch, differing is country,
laws, religion, manners, prejudice', de., that they mar be
regardeda, two people., ant not one. If to these we add
the remnant of the native Irish, there are three distinct
element., from the comportiou of which, M different quan-
tities, and localities, the inhabitants of the two countries me
derived The names of reran* and of plasma are highly MUM
hatless of the people. Having given &somber of examples of
Irish names', Ur. Huse cone.aded bis remarks with a Mai
rico description of the lash dialect in these two ',sentries,
and showed, by various quotstions, its local charseteristice
and she its usefulness. From the foam of many peen-
heaths, end the minaling of provincialisms from Miens
parts of the United Itingd-en, it is particularly natal in
the illustration of old English liteemare.
Richard Cull, , then read a paper ea the abappliea-
tion of the terms "development" area 616111111•11." 6) the
formation of the inflectioai nt. a Isagew else mos on
Illumenhach's clarification of the human raer.
Mr. Rink, of Denmark, read a meet on the lea masa of
Grovaland, and on the icebergs is dm, Arctic Sea: esinsin-
&Mated I the Royal thsoftraphisei Beeiety.
The above were the principal mono Is tb meth"
wheel hotly &sod at three o'
SSCTIOII r.--eremense
Dr. Netermes seed a paper es ids morel
ry
he
duty ef. gesed-
lei mid diem_ whim eaetmerhe
esed eta 'impuratg;dblia
the ems, ends ebeeielhas ibes eve
desk, se treeld.bli eledee, ebeeld. he the premedee
if hada. tele a nerehei bath, pedesedea energise, and
beeihe end day • pure Mr. Attar elhowies hew El-
-sues deedesed end @lamellae by atmegdosele team

sad want of cleanliness, and alluding to the want of said-
tory arrangements in Belfast, he stated that the reepirstion of
impure air was the sole cause of omentriptlon, and that were
a perms to live night and day in the open air he could not
become consumptive. To eosins the consumptive person
also in heated apartments was but to increase and beaten
the disease. They ought to ho kept as math le possible
In the opus and pure air ea malle et *gyps being
worth a ton of fish oil. Owing to perfumes sad heavy
hangings, the atmosphere of the louses of the rich was as
impure as that of Pima of the poor, and the result showed
that the rich were no more exempt from etiasumption than
die poor. The lecturer thee caromed the necessity of all
homes being ventilated with large bodies of air, sad °fried
ammo and cloudiness, for the promotion of beakh.
Dr. Malcolm then read wine practical saggestions fmaded
upon the gaudery statistics of Belfast.
A short conversation ensued upon the subject, and, at the
suggestion of the chairman, a resolution was pared, mom-
mending the putdica•iou of the above papers.
Mr. Heywood, M.P., stated that the Health of Towns
Ilia aspired met year, and ea it would have to be renewed,
if the mendieis took the matter up, it might be extended to
Irelaud.
A subecription was then opened for the publication of the
two papers. It was tuaded by the contribution of 21. from
Mr. Heywood, and, before Use elms of the meeting, it
snouted to ten guises'.
Dr. Strong then reed a paper on the pelgress and extent •
of steamboat building on the Clyde, from which it "proceed
that it was 40 years since the lint steamboat ever sailed
from it. In 10.31 the number of steamers sliding from the
Clyde was thirty-Byr, with a tonnage of 4,09.1; and in 1852
the number bad risen to Minty-three, and the tonnage to
11,002. There were, also, on the Clyde, Ore dredging
boats, by which the average depth of water had been in-
creased from 10 to 17 feet. The number of persons em-
ployed in the comtruetion and repair of summers was
10,820, who received, on an average of men and boys, 10e.
per week wage.. Them were also employed a large num-
ber of iron-founders, decorators, &c., in connexion with
the trade, rendering it one of the most important in
S dand.

The Soliciter•Clateral called the attention of the section
to a ecent proposal for the estabAshment of steamers a
larger class, by which the passage between Llnlyhead and
Kingstown would be accomplished in two hulas, and be-
tween Galway and Halls: in 4i days, and to tho United
States in silt days.

113