The Express.
London, England, 1852-09-13 00:00:00

THE LONDON COAL TRADE.

(hen Os Norte.: le 01,0404) •
,

The importation Into Leedom isettignet,
omottatod to
Imported from Jon. 1 to Aug. 31, 1861
PP pp pp 1861
Showing an increase of
The delivery In August amounted to 20.5,3b1
Delivered from Jan. I to Aug. 31, 1862
PP pp 1861
Showing an emir of 128,0.12
Inland coal by railway and canal from Jan. 1
to Aug. 31, 1864
OP PP pp 1851

Isere's, 137,0iG

The trade during the put month has presented but little
worthy of special remark. 11. st coals have varied in price
from 16.. to 154. 6d. Second house descriptions have been
in only fair quantity, and have fully recovered their usual
proportionate poition—best Tyne sorts varying from 13e.64.
to 14e. _

The supply of sea-borne coals has been on the whole a
moderate one, and the figure above would have warranted
the expectation of higher rates then thaw quoted, but for the
increased quantity of inland sorts, and the eireumatanco that
throughout the month the market has been affected, not
only by a great regularity in the supyly, but by a large
number of cargoes (varying from 80 to 240) being always at
sea, and preventing any action on prices which the fear of
even temporary scarcity would produce. Oa the first ap-
pearance of any stoppage to supply, we anticipate a rise,
that with anything like judicious management may be ren-
dered permanent, So ea to give a fairly remunerative return
to the coalowner, without his haying to resuscitate si.ly of
the numerous &cheata of regulation in London, the last of
which has completely broken down.
The great increase in the foreign demand for steam coals
has reduced the quantity consigned to London so much,
that the best of those ports are selling nearly as high u best
house coals; and as many of the inferior inland kinds
are suitable foe steam purposes, we fear that the present
high rates will lead to their nbstitatioa to a considerable
extent.

The expectation which the visit of N. de l'enigny to
London had created, that it was in the serious contemplation
of the governments of England and France to negotiate a
treaty of commerce, has been somewhat dashed by the an-
nouncement in the lloniteur that no departure from the
principles of just protection to the home interests of France
was contemplated. The coal owcera of the north have still
some hope of seeing the subject take* up in a proper spirit
by the government, and have, as we stated last week, memo•
raised Lord liialmesbery through the medium of his col-
league, the Duke of Northumberland, to endeavour to
make terms with France, which demands, and with good
reason, a reduction of the duty on wines and brandy. The
most eenemet and able amistanee which the English cost
°wens teeeive is not from their own government but from
the Tread' masumers themselves and the most enlightened
masa et the Preach press. The Chamber of Commerce
of Rests lie addressed a new memorial to the French
government demanding the suppression of the differential
duties on took and the Revue des !ultras Maritime of last
month makes it the text for a clever article on the subject,
pointing out the fatal effects to French industry of taxing
its raw material. Constant dropping wears away stone;
and these continual efforts will at last be felt.

The John Bowes has made several trips since we last
wrote, rarely occupying more than k week in the per-
formance of a voyage, and has demonstrated that vessels of
her description can be profitably employed, where they meet
with the immense facilities for rapid loading and discharging
which it is in the power of her spirited owners to obtain for
her. The question, however, of their profitable employment
in the general trade is still a problem.
We give below our usual statement of the quantities sent
to London from the various ports in the past month:
Ships. Ports. Tone.
300 .... Newcastle
127 .... Sunderland
113 .... &ahem 28,778
192 Hartlepool, etc.
46 Btockton
26 .... Blyth 4,490
86 .... Scotch, Welch, ac. 16,628

890

235,274

(Moos IM Gen howei Chrookk)

There are few topics more frequently the subject
of discusaion than milk and its management, doubtless be-
cause science lags farther behind in the dairy than in any
other department of the farm. Complaints have been
loudly raised of the want of experiments in connexion with
this subject both on the farm and in the laboratory of the
analytical chemist; but whatever may be wanting in the
latter, a little inquiry into the facts of the case will show
that as regards the former the outcry le fa some measure
poundless: for in no department does practice present us
with a greater variety of examples, whether ice the manage-
ment of cows or their produce. For instance :—ln many of
the northern isles the cow has yet the alternative of collect-
ing her meaty fare from the produce of the sea-shore and
that of the heath. Aloog oar Alpine districts, again, from
Cornwall to Caithness, we have many other peculiar and
interesting varieties of sunagement ; while in our lowlands,
Celtic and SAIOII, although farmers number by hundreds
of thousands, it may without eaaggentiea be stated that the
practice of no two of them coincide, la its details.
It is wholly unseceseary, therefore, to put farmers to any
expense in the shape of experiments, all that is necessary
being to furnish our columns with the details of existing
practice, in order to enable science to unravel the chemical
anomalies of the dairy.
Some time ago we stated that the peculiar taste of milk
and its products attributed to turnips and wild onions, was
different from that ordinary rancidity which arises from
exposure to the influence of the air, end -es have little
doubt that the investigation now going on in some of our
laboratories will corroborate this conclusion ; for the acids
peculiar to butter in its ordinary state of oxidation are the
butyric, caproic, and capric, of which the latter two are the
I most offensive. Now, caproie acid, says Sir R. Kane, in
his " Elsoseats of Chemistry," " has the peculiarly cha-
racteristic odour of sweat, and capric acid the odour of the
goat," odour' entirely different from that which has been
variously attributed to turnips and wild onions, and which
often exist in the absence of these weeds. The subject is,
we believe, engaging the attention of some of the first con-
tinental chemists ; but while science is strenuously labour-
ing in se important a field, let not the practical farmer
sit idle. _ .

In returning each an account of dairy management as'
that proposed shove all the different circumstances which
I affect the quantity and quality of milk and its products
would require careful notice. These circumstances may be
, enumerated in several divisions, thus :-1. Age, breed, end
detailed description of the cow as regards, size, form,
health, general state and constitution,distance from lvin',
&c. • 2. The food and treatment of news • 3. The dairy
treatment of the milk ; end 4, climate end season of the
year. All then affect milk, end in giving in reports of
them each division would require to be further subdivided,
and the different subdivisions then circumstantially treated.
From the importance of ,the subject the details of different
districts might be usefully collected by the various load
agricultural exietin.
The above divisions, it will readily be perceived, and still
more the different subiivisins, are ist intimately connected
with each other, as on some occasions to render it no easy
task to distinguish effects produced by the one from those
produced by another. Cows, for instance, are very vora-
cious, not unfrequently foul feeders, and consequently are
every now and then suffering from attacks of surfeit and
stomach complaints. When first turned out to gram, put
upon turnips, tarn, or any other similar change of that,
such attacks are of considerable duradon—severel days,
even weeks elapsing before the sufferers are able to over-
come them, during which time the attack of neomeity affects
the secretion of milk. On ouch occasions the character of
the food cannot be considered the only cause of any altera-
tion in the ordinary character of the milk. In general,
however, no doubt the milk cow may not ineptly be com-
pared to a distillery or brewery; to throw ell sons of trash
into the mesh-tun, end yet to expect to drink the same quality
of liquor es from pun melt is, to say the least of it, expect-
ing too much.
In the dairy, again, it may often be equally dialeult to
trees chemical results to their respective sources owing to
the susceptibility of milk end its products toetiange, and
their being continually surrounded by so many chenging
causes. When milk is newly taken from the cow, end
when it has not remained too long in the udder, it is
slightly alkaline, bat from this state to various degrees and
kinds of aridity it hurries with a rapidity often during the
heat of summer scarcely credible. if the cow is labouring
under sickness or usitemeet of any other kind, from
causes such as these alluded to by our correspondent
" H. D.," the work of secretion may be improperly per-
formed, so that the milk may only be partially manlike-
' tured, as it were end consequently deconsposiuon will be
both more rapid Lad diffneet from what it would have
been if the milk had been properly manufactured.
On the other head, the organs of secretion may be
healthy and perforating their fanthiens with ease, end yet
passing stemmas sufficient to the milk, which devour
may be either agreeable or sett Then we have the atmo-
sphere of the dairy always nether Ire. contaminated with
I elements injurious to milk, arising frees the presets of
natural decay. Now, under all them ithennthennehoonsi-
I climb's difficulty may often be eaperitheed In tresing causes
' from their mulls ; and there is the meth wede therefore,
that the chemist should receive the anditelthe of anner.

Such is the position and proipecu of the dairy, and it will
readily be perceived from it, that while aliments are active,
an important work lies at the door of the farmer; via., to
render a more accurate account of facts eenneeted with cow
feeding and dairy practice, than has yet appeared before
the public, for which very flattering prorpreta are held oat
in return.

CONDEMNED STORES.—The Muter•Oeneral and
Board of Ordnance, haring made an official tour of inspec-
tion round the Channel Islands to sec the efficiency of the
defences of the coast, condemned nearly 100 guns a• unfit
for seternment service, and ordered theta Is be met by the
Peen, lighter, to t►e Royal Arseasl ss udsrsd item,
sad to be missed by new ease.—L.Wiat Army.

THE POLICE COURT&
__ MANSION-HOUSE.

Lewin Yaks FoLonass relay, and henry
Birch, who have been several times examined upon the
charge of having forged and uttered a bill, purporting to
be for the acceptance of Coleman and Bolton, of Nicaragua,
for 187/. 18e. 9d., wen brought before Sir R. W. Cardea
for Baal examiaatioo, and were committed for trial.