The Press.
London, England, 1855-09-29 00:00:00

SWEDEN.

There has been a popular demonstration of the
students of the University of Upsala, at Stockholm,
to celebrate the fall of Sebastopol. They assembled
about six o'clock in the evening of the day on which
the news arrived, on the great square of that city,
with flags and banners, and, accompanied by masses
of the people, proceeded in solemn procession, sing-
ing at the same time patriotic songs, to the monu-
ment of Gustavus the Great in the Wood of Odin.
The curator of the university then mounted the
pedestal of the monument, and made the following
speech :

On the occasion of the glad tidings we have received of 1
the victorious triumph of the allied Western powers, and
the progress they are making in the war they have so
nobly undertaken for the advancement of liberty and
civilisation in Europe, the students of the University of
Upsala cannot let the opportunity pass without raising
their voice and giving utterance to the expression of their
sympathy, their joy, and their hopes for the future. And
why should not the sons of the country and people of the
Charleses and Crustavuses lift up their voices in exultation
at the glorious news received, when the messenger of vic-
tory is blowing the trumpet throughout the whole world,
causing millions of hearts to rejoice and flutter with joyful
sympathy ! No, the flower of Sweden's youth can never
forget the reminiscences of the past, because they are far
too important, too grand, and too sacred. They cannot
forget them, because they contain their own demands,
hopes, and vows for the future, of which they form the
light and warmth. Animated by the most sincere and
lively conviction, that those high-minded heroes who are
magnanimously fighting the battle of justice, freedom, and
civilisation, against the power of despotism, slavery and
ignorance, are engaged in mortal combat for the peace and
happiness of the whole human race, the students of the
University of Upsala voluntarily congratulate them on
their victory, and express their sincere gratitude, fervent
respect, and disinterested homage to them for their meri-
torious services in the cause of the happiness of mankind.
From the deepest recesses of our hearts we wish them an
uninterupted continuance of victorious successes, which
must sooner or later infallibly lead to the destruction of
despotism, the humbling of arrogance, and the consolida-
tion of justice and good government in every country on
this globe.

This address was scarcely finished when the most
deafening shouts broke out from the assembled
multitude. After nine additional cheers were given
for the allies, and as many groans for Russia, Rune-
berg's beautiful Finnish popular song, Our land,
our land, our fatherland," was sung in chorus by the
inspirited populace, and the singing of the Swedish
National Hymn concluded the imposing ceremony.

THE DEATH OF PROFESSOR JOHNSTON took place on
the 18th instant, in the 50th year of his age. " A
Scotchman by birth," says the Sunderland Herald,
"he had for many years held the Professorship of
Chemistry in the University of Durham, and was un-
wearied in his efforts as a scientific writer and lec •
turer, which had prominently identified his name
with the progress of chemistry and geology in this
country, and with the efforts of such bodies as the
Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland for
rendering those sciences more extensively available
in the cultivation of the soil. His ardour in the pur-
suits to which he had devoted himself was evinced
many years ago by his proceeding to Sweden, and
placing himself under the immediate instruction of
the distinguished chemist Berzelius, whose laboratory
VIM famous as a school in which chemists of no
small standing throughout the Continent., as well as in
this country, might hope to increase their proficiency.
Of late years his reputation had been rapidly advanc-
ing both as a scientific writer and an analytical che-
mist. His latest production, "The Chemistry of
Common Life," in two volumes, did much to enhance
his celebrity, by its clear and masterly expositions of
scientific facts and reasonings. We understand that
at the time of his death he was engaged on a work,
corresponding in its design to that last named, on
the science of geology."
THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE ALMA Came round
on the 20th inst, and on that day the Duke of Cam-
bridge being a guest at Gordon Castle, his health
was proposed by his noble host, the Duke of Rich-
mond. His Royal Highness, in an appropriate
reply, testified to the loyal feeling displayed by every
rank in the Crimean army, stating that our troops,
amid many difficulties and privations, had displayed
the most unwavering confidence in their leaders, and
that he, as a general officer, could say that every
order issued was at once obeyed, not only kith
alacrity, but with the utmost zeal and enthusiasm.

SATURDAY,

Court anb Sastion.

The Court still remains at Balmoral. Her
Majesty, accompanied by Prince Frederick Gf
Prussia, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess
Royal, have taken daily drives or rides about the
neighbourhood, and on Tuesday the Royal party
ascended to the summit of Loch-na-gar. On Mon-
day Major Curzon arrived with the despatches from
General Simpson, and had an audience with her
Majesty. A Privy Council was held at Balmoral the
same afternoon. His Royal Highness Prince Albert,
the Lord President of the Council, the Duke of
Argyll, and Viscount Canning were present. Tho
Hon. Lord Bathurst was Clerk of the Council in
attendance. Major Curzon remains by her Mkjesty's
invitation on a visit at Balmoral. Viscount and
Viscountess Canning and Earl Granville have left
Balmoral, and the Duchess of Wellington has suc.
ceeded Lady Canning in the duties of Lady of the
Bedchamber to the Queen.

We understand the Duchess of Cambridge and
Princess Mary are to honour the Earl of Wilton
with a visit at his seat in Cheshire next week, and
to proceed on a tour.
Prince Frederick William of Prussia (son of Prince
Henry) is at present at Brussels. He travels under
the name of Count de Beare.

Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte and the Count
and Countess Campello have been on a visit at
Eglinton Castle.
The Earl and Countess of Derby, accompanied by
Lady Emma Stanley and the Hon. Mr. Stanley, who,
on closing their visit to the Duke and Duchess of
Richmond, at Gordon Castle, proceeded on a visit to
the Earl and Countess of Malmesbury, at their shoot-
ing-quarters in Inverness-shire, will leave there early
this weak on their way south.
Lord Palmerston, accompanied by the lion. W.
Cowper, visited Sheerness on Thursday, and went
over the dockyard and the floating battery, Trusty.
His lordship returned to town in the evening.
Lord Brougham is still at Brougham-hall. His
lordship enjoys good health.
Earl and Countess Fortescue have left his lord-
ship's shooting-quarters in the Highlands for
Tattershall, Lincolnshire.
Lord Chief Justice Campbell is at present residing
with his family at Hartrigge-house, near Jedburgh.
The Duke of Cambridge has arrived at St.
James's Palace from visiting the Duke and Duchess
of Hamilton, at Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran, and
the Duke and Duchess of Richmond, at Gordon
Castle, near Fochabers, N.B.
The Earl and Countess of Seafield are at present
sojourning at Balmacaan-house.
Lord Blantyre, who arrived in London a few days
since from Carlsbad, has gone to Erskine-house, and
will shortly join the family party assembled at Dun-
robin Castle, on visits to the Duke and Duchess of
Sutherland.

The Duke and Duchess of Montrose have arrived
at Buchanan Castle, Stirlingshire.
The Duke of Manchester has arrived at the Castle
Tandagree, being his first visit since the decease of
his father, the late duke. A deputation, consisting
of all the Protestant clergy, and a number of the
respectable inhabitants, waited upon his grace, and
presented him with an address, which was read by
the Rev. Mortimer O'Sullivan, D.D.
His Grace the Duke of Devonshire has been en-
tertaining a large circle at Lismore :—His Excellency
the Lord Lieutenant, Earl and Countess of Shannon,
Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile, Lord and Lady
Stuart de Decies, Miss Stuart and Mr. and Mrs.
Stuart, Right Hon. Mr. and Lady Mary Labouchere,
Lord Cavendish, Mr. and Lady Fanny Howard.
Miss Peel, youngest daughter of the late Sir
Robert Peel, and the Hon. Francis Stonor, second
son of Lord Camoys, were married on Tuesday, in
presence of a select family circle. The marriage was
first celebrated according to the Roman Catholic
ritual at the chapel of the Bavarian Embassy, in
Warwick-street, and afterwards at the parish church
of St. Margaret's, Westminster.
Amongst the officers just set out for the Crimea
are Major Lord Bingham (son of the Earl of Lucan),
and I.ieut.-Colonel Lord Dunkellin (son of the Ma'.
quis of Clanricarde), of the Coldstream Guards ;
Captain Lord Ennismore (son of the Earl of Lis-
towel), of the Scots Fusilier Guards ; and Ensign
Lord Louth (an Irish peer), of the 79th Highlanders.
Captain Lord Eustace Cecil, of the Coldstream
Guards, has also just left for the Crimea.
Her Majesty, we believe, intends extending her
visit this year longer than usual. She will pro:Ably
not leave Balmoral till nearly the end of October.

ON TUESDAY Cardinal Wiseman, accompanied by
several dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church,paid
a visit to Wells cathedral. We believe no Cardinal
of the Romish Church has visited this city since the
days of Wolsey, who was Bishop of Bath and Wells,
and resigned his see about 1526.

SEPT. 29, 1855.

THE THANKSGIVING FOR THE VICTORY
AT SEBASTOPOL.—FORM OF PRAYER.
IN accordance with an Order in Council, issued at
Balmoral on the 24th inst., his Grace the Archbishop
of Canterbury has issued the following "Form of
Prayer and Thanksgiving to Almighty God, for the
signal and repeated successes obtained by the troops
of her Majesty, and by those of her allies, in the
Crimea, and especially for the capture of the town of
Sebastopol" :-
0 Lord God Almighty, the disposer of all human events, in
whose hand Is power and might which none is able to withstand,
we, Thine unworthy servants, desire to approach Thy throne
with the tribute of praise and thanksgiving. NVe bless and mag-
nify Thy name for the successes granted to our countrymen, and
the armies allied with them, now engaged in a mighty warfare,
and defending the rights and independence of nations; and es-
pecially for the signal victory by which the stronghold of the
enemy has been overthrown. We acknowledge, 0 Lord, that the
wisest counsels awl the strongest arms, without Thee, cannot
but fail: for Thine, 0 Lord, is the greatness, and the power, and
the 'victory, and the majesty; and therefore, not unto us, 0 Lord,
not unto us, but unto Thy name, be all praise and glory ascribed.
Continue, we beseech Thee, Thy favour to the allied forces,
both by sea and land. Le; not the glory of their progress be
stained by ambition, or sullied by revenge; but let Thy Holy
Spirit support them in danger, control them in victory, and raise
them above all temptation to evil. And grant that this and all
other successes which have crowned the bravery and rewarded
the endurance of our armies may issue in the return of peace,
and the restoration of Christian brotherhood among nations.
Finally. U Lord, we entreat Thee so to dispose and turn our
hearts, that Thy mercy now manifested towards us may engage
us to true thankfuluesa. and incline us as a nation to walk more
humbly and devoutly before Thee, by obeying Thy Holy Word,
by reverenoing Thy holy day, and by promoting throughout the
land the knowledge of Thee, the only true God, and of Jesus
Christ whom Thou host sent: to whom, with Thee and the
Holy Ghost, be all honour and glory, world without end. Amen.
The prayer is "to be used at morning and evening
service after the general thanksgiving in all churches
and chapels in England and Wales, and in the town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, upon Sunday the thirtieth
day of this instant September, or upon the Sunday
after the ministers of such churches and chapels
shall respectively receive the same.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL CLAREMONT has succeeded
General Torrens as Military Commissioner in Paris.
MR. AUGUSTUS STAFFORD, M.P., is an inmate of
the Abydos Hospital, having overtasked his strength
in attending to the sick among the French troops
during his passage from Malta to Constantinople in
the Etna. There were 800 soldiers on board, and,
when cholera broke out amongst them, Mr. Stafford
was unremitting in his attentions to the patients—
reading to them, writing for them, and cheering
them.

THE KING OF SARDINIA has been seriously ill, bu
is now progressing favorably. His visit to Paris will
therefore be delayed.
A RUSSIAN LOAN will, it is stated in late accounts
from America, be negotiated in the United States.
RUSSIAN VESSELS, to the number of 135 in all,
have been captured by British ships, between the
28th March, 1854, when war was declared, and the
Bth of August last.

THE FRENCH WOUNDED are so numerous that the
hospitals and ambulances at Constantinople, which
afford accommodation for 15,000, are found iu-
sufficient for the patients who arrive from the
Crimea.

LADY CAMPBELL, widow of the late Sir Donald
Campbell, died at Down, on Monday last. Her lady.
ship was taken with a fit, and although medical
assistance was immediately obtained, life was found
to be extinct.

Ma. DUNLOP, M.P., met his constituents at Greenock
on Wednesday, and made a long speech on the topics
of the day. With regard to the war, he expressed
his opinion that it was a contest between despotism
and constitutionalism. As to home topics, he pointed
out that administrative reform would best be pro-
moted by the constituencies refraining from inter-
ference with patronage, as the Greenock constituency
had done. He referred in succession to several
Scottish and local topics. A vote of confidence in
Mr. Dunlop was unanimously passed.

ROYAL DISPENSARY FOR DISEASES OF THE EAR.—
The half yearly meeting of this useful institution,
founded in 1810, for the cure of deafness, discharges
from the ear, noises, and other affections of the ear,
was held on Friday last, at the dispensary, Dean-
street, Sobo, Mr. William Temple Cooper in the
chair. The secretary announced the amount of sub-
scriptions which had been received during the last
six months, which was -.ery inadequate to the
number of applicants for relief. Mr. Harvey, the
surgeon to the dispensary, stated to the meeting that
the number of cases admitted on the books during
the last six months were upwards of 429, consisting
of cases of diseases of the throat in connection with
deafness, rheumatic affections of the head, and
noises in the ear, with numerous cases of neglected
discharges from the ear amongst children. The
committee appealed to the generous public for their
support of this useful institution. The thanks of
the meeting were given to Mr. Harvey, the surgeon,
NW to the chairman, and tbe meeting seporsted,

THE PRESS.

AGRICULTURAL GATHERINGS.

AGRICULTURAL societies are meeting in different
parts of the country, and under circumstances
favorable to the landed interest. The harvest has
been gathered in excellent condition, the yield is
moderately good, and prices are at least fifty per
cent. above what would in ordinary times be esteemed
a remunerative rate. Cultivators are, therefore,
well inclined to listen to suggestions for improve-
ment, and even urban communities begin to perceive
that they must look to home growers fur their prin-
cipal supplies of food, and to feel an interest in the
increasing success of British agriculture. At the
Paddiham (Lancashire) Society Sir J. Kay Shuttle-
worth distinguished himself by an excellent address
in proposing the health of the Lord Lieutenant and
magistrates of the county. Comparing the produce
of continental countries with that of England, he
observed:—

The result is that the whole moneyed produce of the
farms in England, on the good farms, is nearly fourfold
that of the same extent of land—even of better land—in
France. I connect these facts very much with the toast I
have the honour to propose to you, and for this reason,
that I think a very large part of the success of the agricul-
ture of England has been owing to the good feeling which
has subsisted between the proprietors and tenantry of the
whole of England, to the extent to which the gentry of
England have lived among their tenantry, and been ready
to associate with them in such meetings as the present,
and their readiness to pay close personal attention to the
improvement of their estates, of which we have had such
noble examples as Mr. Coke of Norfolk, the late Lord
Leicester, the present Duke of Bedford, and many others
whose names I might enumerate as examples of a class of
proprietors who have spent their time, fortunes, and talents
which would have made them probably statesmen of the
highest order, on the improvement of their estates and the
welfare of their tenantry. I believe these results are to a
very great extent owing to the attention the gentry have
paid to the improvement of their estates, and likewise to
the energy, skill, and enterprise of such men as Mr. Bake-
well, the Elmans, and others, who have especially devoted
themselves to the improvement of the different breeds of
cattle in this country and the introduction of right princi-
ples of culture.

In this superiority the agricultural population fully
shared :

One thing which strikes one's eye abroad very much is
the extent to which the labour of women is introduced
upon the land The consequence is that at the age
of forty-five, or even at forty, the women are haggard, worn
out with constant labour in the hot sun, from early morn
to late at night, in the most laborious operations on the
land. There is scarcely any kind of farm labour which
they do not regularly perform, and they hoe, they dibble,
they weed, they even trench the soil, they load carts; and
even drive them, and from morning to night such labour as
this forms their habitual occupation almost all over the
continent of Europe. Now, I think it is a very great ad-
vantage indeed to this country that that form of labour for
women is rather the exception than the rul;s, and that even
in the agricultural counties it is chiefly in harvest time, i
and, to a certain extent, in weeding and hoeing, but rather
as the exception than the rule, that female labour is em-
ployed upon the land.
Occasionally, however, we have seen women,
apparently paupers, employed in breaking stones by
our waysides in rural districts. If the practice be
sanctioned by poor-law authorities it is discreditable,
as it is opposed to our general usage, and the labour
is of a very unfit kind for women. The conclusion of
Sir J. K. Shuttleworth's speech was gratifying :
I am very happy to find my opinions and convictions are
supported by the most recent labours of political econo-
mists, and of men of high science, who have visited this
and foreign countries—that the system of English agricul-
ture is one which not only contributes in a much larger
degree to the health of the nation than that of foreign
countries, but that it also contributes in a much higher
degree to social contentment, to the maintenance of healthy
relations between tenants and proprietors, and to that
happy constitution of society which makes, as 1 think, and
as 1 trust foreign countries also believe, the condition of
England one to be envied by the rest of Europe.
In TIPPERARY, which has obtained in years past
such unenviable notoriety for agrarian outrage and
cold-blood assassination, Lord Stanley has proclaimed
that " a new era has opened for Ireland." His lord-
ship presided at the recent meeting of the Agricul-
tural Society of Tipperary Union, and, with the frank
ness which is characteristic of his nature, stated the
result of his observations, more especially, we may
presume, in relation to the estates of his father, Lord
Derby. The following suggests that, notwithstanding
the new era, there is ample room for improve-
ment :

He would not speak from imagination or from fancy—
he would not tell what he had seen, and what they had
seen not only within the last few days, but years ago.
They enjoyed an unparalleled climate and a soil the
most abundant in the world. They had seen fields
and farms divided eight, nine, ten, twelve yards from
side to side, with fences which were not only wasting all
the land that might be used profitably, but a nursery for all
those weeds which overran the fields, and for those blazing
flowers of red weed which they knew so well, and which
appeared like an overgrown crop in some localities. (Loud
laughter and cries of " Hear.") Be bid seen the farm-
yard-well so planned that all the reit. god Plaware 0( the

9517

yard and the pigstye drained into it—(" Hear," and laugh-
ter),—thus not only wasting the manure, which might be
placed to profitable account. but poisoning thatwater which
might be a source of health and cleanliness to himself and
to his family. (Cheers.) He had seen whole families
living in rags and in want on a miserable patch of land
which was not sufficient to afford them sustenance for three
months in the year, and they lived on that wretched patch,
in that misery and destitution, because they preferred the
" dignity " of occupying land to the labour of earning a
livelihood from others who could afford them employment.
Because the times were now more favorable to
agricultural industry than they had been, he urged
his bearers to take advantage of the opportunity for
improvement opened to them:—
Let them only use half the energy in the good work
which they had wasted in feuds and in factions—in political
and sectarian dissensions,—let them, he said, do this, and
they would go far to make Ireland what God and Nature
intended her to be, and what man had hitherto prevented
her from becoming—the garden of Europe and of the
world. (Loud cheers.)
His lordship's speech has been closely criticised by
the Irish press. In some instances objection is taken
to his opinion against small holdings, but in general
his address seems to have produced a good impres-
sion and to have met with warm approval.
At AYIESBURY the annual meeting of the Roi al
Bucks Agricultural Association was held on Wednes-
day. The occasion was chiefly distinguished by the
presence of Mr. Disraeli, hut in his short speech the
right hon. gentleman entirely avoided allusion to
politics, and confined himself to the business of the
day. Prizes to the amount of nearly 501., including
three prizes given by Mr. Disraeli, were distributed
among farm labourers and servants. At the dinner,
Mr. Lowndes presided. In acknowledging the toast
of the bishop and clergy, the Rev. E. N. Young
defended such agricuitui al societies from the charges
brought against them :
Livin?, as the clergy for the moat part did, among the
people, u was impossible for them not to feel and recognise
the salutary influences of such societies. It had been sais
that agricultural associations, or rather the giving away
prizes, bad, if not a demoralising, a degrading efli•et upon
the labourers. He, for one, did not hold that opinion ; and
he could not see anything either in the distribution of the
prizes or in the annual dinner afterwards which could Ft
vent either the clergy or country gentlemen from taking
part in those demonstrations.
On this text Mr. Disraeli spoke a little later:—
These societies, as my friend Mr. Young has men
tioned, have sometimes been subjected to ridicule ; and
hardly know anything in a country remarkable for its ree-
dom of speech, as well as for everything else, which has nut
at times been subject to observations of a depreciating
character. But these societies, notwithstanding those re•
marks of ridicule which are generally made by those who
are not acquainted with the subject, and have no persona
experience of their bearing and influence—these societies,
I say, have continued to flourish, and the one of which we
are members counts, 1 believe, a quarter of a century of
existence. (Hear, hear.) I never myself could discover
any valid ground for those charges and sneers that are
sometimes indulged in. Now, with respect to the instance
mentioned by my friend Mr. Young, who said that it was
held as degrading to a labourer to be called up to receive a
special reward for his services, it appears to me to have
very little foundation in reason. I read in the newspapers
the other day that one of the ambassadors of her Majesty
appeared in a very interesting scene•—l allude to the
Crimea, and called together half a dozen general officers,
who had pre-eminently distinguished themselves, in order
to confer upon them, by command of ber Majesty, a deco.
ration to express a public sense of their public services.
But he would not say that it was more degrading for those
general officers to have come forward and receive the
public expression of the value of their services, than for
the peasants of the country, who had shown their integrity
and ability in their vocation, to have come forward pub.
fitly to receive the respects and marks of regard of those
present on an occasion like this. (Cheers.) It is quite
unnecessary for me to trouble you with any arguments on
this head, because every one present must know from his
own practical experience the beneficial influences of these
institutions. 1 think there has been a very great error on
the part of those who made comments upon the influences
of these societies, in having an idea that they are scientific
institutions ; whereas, the fact is, they are social institu-
tions. We do not pretend to make any scientific disco-
vesies, nor do we suppose, in oar limited and contracted
sphere, that we can revolutionise the agriculture of the
country. Such are not our objects; but our aim is to
cherish and encourage good feeling and brotherhood
among the various classes of the community—an object
which we believe to be highly important to the general
welfare of the country. (Cheers.) In my opinion these
societies have been eminently successful in this respect,
and I am certain, as you all must be, that this association
has in its peculiar sphere exercised a very beneficial effect
upon the feelings of the labouring classes of the district.
If this be our conviction I am quite persuaded that the
Royal Bucks Agricultural Association will sustain itself
with credit and influence.

Sir H. Verney, in a short speech, advocated the
cheap and easy transfer of land, as likely to prow
beneficial to the agricultural interest.

THE " HORSE FAIR "nF MLLE. RO4A Bowstrtiß
has received the compliment of a letter from the
Queen to the fair artiste, expressing high •dmiratioq
of the merits of the picture,