The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-11-23 00:00:00

AMERICAN SLAVERY.

Tiii election of 4r. LiNcOii4 to the presidential
chair of the United states One, itiliect; an
event of si alai ii Orttinee. nightly to under-
,:
stand its significance, however, it is necessary to
glance, however: briefly, at the past history and
present position of political parties in the United
States.

The various denominational terms employed
among transatlantic politicians sound strangely
in British ears, and without explanation are
exceedingly apt to be misunderstood:, There are
Democrats, Republicans, ConservatiVes, Aboli-
tionists, Know-nothings, Fillibusters, &c.
The late struggle, however, may be said to have
been between the two great sections called
Democrats and RepUblicans. The strength of the
former lies chiefly in the Southern Siates, and of

course they aVe ont-and-out adVocates for the
,main-
tenance And extension of slavery. The strength of
the Republican or Free Soil party lies chiefly in
the Northern States, and they are opposed to the
extension of slavery. The Republicans are not
to be confounded with the Abolitionists, who
advocate the complete extirpation of slavery even
from the Slave States in the Union. The late Presi-
dent, Mr. BUCHANAN, was elected by the votes of
the Democrats. The new President, Mr. LINCOLN,
has carried his election by the votes of the Repub-
licans. The mutest lietWeen these itVo leading
parties has ink; heen *aged with the greatest
zeal. Bat until this year the result has invariably
been in favour of the Democratic, or Southern,
pro-slavery extension party. Mr. LINCOLN is the
first President returned by the Republicans. The
event then assumes its importance from the fact
that this is the first Presidential election triumph
to the Northern party, whose views, as we have
said, are adverse to the increase of the Slave ter-

ritories.
The elution of President of the United States
has on this, as on all previous occasions, been
characterised by an atamint of excitement scarcely
conceivable in this country. The Democratic
threat of disrUption of the Union in the event of
defeat is invariably renewed and continually
urged on such occasions in the strongest and most
unqualified terms. The tone of electioneering
orators and writers is generally pitched at a
terrific height. There are party demonstrations,
torch-light processions, pyrotechnic displays, and
all sorts of violent and turbulent manifestations,
so much so that an uninitiated stranger might come
to the dismal conclusion that all things were on
the eve of dissolution. One of the most remark-
able features, however, of these popular excite-
ments is the rapidity with which the
feelings of the people calm down immediately
after the election. The threats of secession on
the Part of the South prove futile, and are
forgotten; and all thinking people perceive that
the mutual interests of North and South render a
disruption of the Union the least 'desirable thing
possible for both. It is true that the small State
of South Carolina at one time went so far in the
attemptto secede that -a show of military force
was required to suppress the movement; and it
is also true that at every recurring election
South Carolina has manifested an equal amount
of inclination to drive matters to an extremity,
But, South Carolina in itself is insignificant, and
it is well understood that the other Southern
States, however much they might countenance
the threatening cry of secession during the
excitement of an election contest, would not go
the length of joining South Carolina in taking
active steps towards such a disastrous consum-
mation. They know that they cannot do with-
out the North.
Notwithstanding the exertions of 'the Repub-
licans and Abolitionists of the North, to say
nothing of the appeals against slavery 'from the
mother country, it is a lamentable fact that the
slave-holding element in the Union has been
gradually increasing year after year. A marked
era in the history of the struggle between De-
mocrats and Republicans was the enactment of
of the Fugitive Slave law, whereby the owners
of runaway slaves were entitled to follow
their "property" even into free territories. By
the same law, the magistrates and authorities,
evert of a free State, were bound to assist in the
capture and rendition of fugitives. Thus, in one
sense, it may 'hp said, that the sanction of the
federal Union was extended to slavery—an " in-
stitution" which formerly existed only by virtue
of the laws of each particular State. This was
'a severe blow to the Republicans, and had all the
effect of a federal triumph to the Democratic
slave-holders of the South. The next great
struggle betiveen the South and the North--the
Democrat and the Republican—lay in the question,
should a slaveowner removing to the West have
a right to carry his " property" with him, and
claim full protection therefor ? This question,
if decided in favour of the slaveoWner,--and
virtually it was so by the Kansas-Nebraska Act,
—was equivalent to a repeal of the Missouri com-
promise, by which slavery was limited to a certain
portion of territory in the South and West by
an imaginary geographical line, defined by certain
latitudinal and longitudinal lines. Thus by those
two legislative acts, the principle of slavery and
the indefinite extension of its temporal limits
received federal sanction. Among the other events
which' 'have subsequently led to 'the increase of
the slave power, may be mentioned the acquisi-
tion, by the Mexican war, of territory of a
nature specially adapted to the employment
of slave labour. The same thirst for pre-
dominance on the part of the slaveOwnera
has led to all the Fillibusterism which has
been so great a reproach to the United States.
We may add another fact as one of the conse-
quences of this vital contest—namely, the Central
American difficulties between the British Govern-
ment and Brother Jonathan. It having once
been *decreed that every newly added territory
or State shall or shall not be free of slave-holding,
the struggle has resolved itself into a race between
the North and the South which should people
the debateable land most rapidly—the one with
Democrats, the other with Republicans. Hitherto
the success has been on the side of the Democratic
South;land slavery has carried almost all before it.
At last, however, there seems to have been a turn
in the tide, and the Northern Republicans have
carried the day—at least so far as concerns the
election of Mr. LINCOLN for the Presidency.

How far this fact is to be hold conclusive
evidence of the real state of the case, it is
difficult to determine. It seems pretty certain
that the Republican President will meet with
opposition from a Democratic majority in the
Legislature. The organisation by which the
President is elected apparently admits o
the anomaly that the choice of the United States
for the highest magisterial chair shall not repre-
sent the views of the actual majority of the
population of the individual States. What the

issue of the present difficulty may be it were
impossible to determine. All men in the North,
and not a few in the South, are satisfied
that slavery in itself is an evil, a cancer,
and a sore. But these are not agreed as
to the best mode of dealing with it.
All men in turope must hail the accession
to poWer of an anti-slavery liresidenti but it
remains to be seen hew far it is an exceptional
circUmstance or a true indication of a healthy
reactionary feeling among the people of the
triiited States... We are not so sanguine as to be:
lieve that the battle. of freedom for all mankind,
whatever be the col Our of the skin, has new been
definitively won on the continent of America.
There are many distracting circumstances sug-
gestive of serious doubts as to the immediate fate
of the accursed " institution;" but let us hope for
the best: It may be that the stars of the North
are' now really dominant ; and we Must all
sin'eerely pray that the Ottipbs of the South are
abOut to clisapp r iii the purl eilibreal blue
which represents the groundwork of transatlantic
freedOM; independenCe, and national greatness.
But the future alone can determine.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRANCE,
CritoM gtht ti*N
tiAttis) Ikr'edtlbscl4;

In some of my former letters I Babe prepared
you for the corning conflict betWeeri that section
'af the French. Church which represents the ancient
Gallican eleMent and Which, under the auspices
and niide'r the foStering protection of Napoleon
and,for his own purposes; is again raising its
head in France and the Holy See: The Lienation.
between.the Gallican and Ultramontarte ~iarties i.
gradually, but rapidly, widening; the authority
of the sovereign Pontiff is diminishing, and those
of the bishops who espouse his cause and advo-
cate his unlimited right of interference with the
affairs of the church in France, are being put
clown by the strong arm of the law, and treated
like ordinary offenders against the public peace.
Under the heading, "La Tradition Franqaise
et Les litandemens E'piscopaux," the Patrie of
Tuesday has an article of a 'very significant tenor,
which recalls the entire ;potion of the Galilean
Liberties Of which the Celebrated Bossiiet was the
firm and undaunted champion, and paves the way
for an entirely new definition of the claims of the
Sovereign Pontiff 'on the allegiance and submis-
sion, in spiritual matters, of the French Emperor
and people. After explaining why the numerous
espiscopal mandates relative to the invasion of the
Roman territories by the French troops had not
been discussed in its columns, viz., because it was
unwilling by so doing to compromise ‘f the
prestige and the holiness of the episcopal
character," the Patrie, after a variety of
quotations from the correspondence which took
place bet Ween Bosstiet and the See of Rothe
relative to the question of the itegcile, sa3* "-W e
have only further to put one
.simple question to
the Ultramontane papers= f Where lay the error
between the two parties ? (the Trench Bishops
and the Pope). Was it in the Apostolic Brief,
which censured the language and the conduct of
the Bishops; or in the severe judgment which
the BishopS expressed regarding the Apostolic
Brief ?"

A private despatch, received from Southern
Italy, confirms the fact of the arrival, at Verona,
of General Benedek, commander-in-chief of the
Austrian army in Venetia. It is stated that in
an order of the day, dated the 18th instant,
the General has arrived ; that his Government
has decided not to take the offensive ; but
that, if it be attacked, it will defend its posses-
sions in Upper Italy to the last extremity. The
same despatch confirms the intelligence that
Venetia Will receive institutions of a very; liberal
nature; It is likewise announced that an Austrian

corps of observation is about to be sent by the
Court of Vienna to the frontiers of Moldavia, and
that the head-quarters of the corps will be estab-
lished at Klausenbourg, the chief town of Tran-
sylvania.
A despatch from Gaeta received by one of the
evening papers, mentions that the marine suburb,
which extends along the edge of the harbour
outside the town, was attacked with great vigour
by the Piedmontese on the 18th. The citadel
which flanks this suburb made a sharp
reply to this attack. After a very smart fire
had been kept up on both sides, with almost
equal loss, the fighting ceased, without having
been attended with any appreciable result.
According to the latest dates, the occupation of
Terracina by the Piedmontese had not taken
place, and it was not known what decision
would be taken regarding it ; but the Piedmon-
tese squadron had sent a division of vessels of
light draft of water, to cruise in the Gulf of
Terracina, in order to intercept the communication
by sea, between Gaeta and the • States of the
ChUrch. This step will render the supply of the
place with provisions a much more difficult
matter.

The Government journals in Prussia continue
to combat with a degree of persistency that is
quite remarkable, the unification of Italy, as well
as the late plebiscite in favour of King Victor
Emmanuel. It is evident that the Cabinet of
Berlin is extremely desirous to let the world see
how greatly its policy with respect to Italy
differs from that of the English Government.
The Prussian Gazette refuses to regard the
popular vote as the veritable expression of the
wishes of the nation, and in this it is perhaps not
for wrong, but like so many other fault-finding
authorities of the present day, it omits to mention
what in its opinion would have been the proper
mode of getting rid of Francis 11., and substi-
tuting King Victor in his room. Prussia seems
again to be playing fast and loose with the ques-
tion of constitutional reform; and has again
placed herself between two fires. The movement
party in Germany is quite convinced that
if its wishes and long-cherished dreams are
to be realised, this result must be obtained
in spite of the treaties of 1815, which
treaties guarantee the sovereignty of all the
petty States of the Confederation. Thus the
Sovereigns of these States, in opposing any
change in the statu quo, are simply obeying the
instinct of self-preservation. Prussia desires to
have the support of both parties in her endea-
vours to secure the leadership in the Confedera-
tion ; she therefore extends her patronage to .
" liberal" ideas with one hand, in order to please
the movement party, while with the other, she
keeps a firm hold upon the treaties of 1815, in
order to secure the co-operation of the petty
States, which is the only security the latter have
for not being swamped.
There is wonderfully little going on here at
present. The Emperor has requested Baron
Rothschild and M. Fould to join him in a separate
hunting excursion; and rumour not unnaturally
infers that money is the object of the chase.

The enfans de troupe of the age of fourteen
years, who belong to the regiment of Grena-
diers of the Guard, have been armed with rifles.
These boys, it is stated, are to form a company,
commanded by the youngest officers of the army,
for the Guard of the Prince Imperial. They will
take the name of " Pupils of the Guard," an idea
which is merely a repetition of a similar corps
instituted for a like purpose by the first Napoleon.
For the first hour after the opening of the
Bourse yesterday, the market had a very satisfac-
tory appearace, but prices afterwards fell. The
Rentes have continued to maintain the figures of
70. -

.
v.
PARIS, Nov. 22, 1860.
The mystery which veiled the entrance of the
Neapolitans into the territories of the Pope is now
somewhat dissipated. It appears that it was the
King of Naples himself who suggested to the
troops the idea of withdrawing into the Pontifical
domain, hoping by that means to obtain sub-
sistence lor them. It is stated that M. de Gra-
mont, the French Minister, insisted on the
fugitives at once leaving the Pontifical States,
otherwise the Pope would soon have been utterly
ruined. Several of them have succeeded in
eluding the French troops and escaping to the
Abruzzi, where they will be of great assistance
to the reactionists in those localities. Many of
the others have sold their horses for a mere song.
The Piedmontese are much annoyed to have
missed so many thousand good horses (5,000),
which were taken possession of by the French
troops, '
when they disarmed the fugitives ; and it
is asserted that the former are about to occupy im-
mediately either Frosinone and Terracina, in order
to prevent further disappointments of that kind.
On the other hand, the Moniteur l'Arntee
insists that Terraeina is to be occupied by the
French, as being a position " indispensable" to
the French troops in a strategetical point of view,
and moreover very " anxiously desired by the

inhabitants, who entirely sympathise with our
soldiers," in order to protect :Won against the
incursions to which they are constantly exposed
of undisciplined bands of annexationists. On the
saine subject the Patric, of last evening, has the
following :--

A despatch from Rome announces to us that the
frontier of, the States of the Church on the side of the
Two Sicilies." is about to be occupied exclusively by the
French troops. Already two battalions of infantry of
the line have received 'orders to be ready to march on
Terracina to garrison the Place; so that they omay.arrive
there by to-morrow (the .28rd). The presence of our
troops in this port; and the necessity of Watching the
coast since, disembarkation of yolUnteers effected
at Cape Circe, has itifitiCed„.it is. said, the commander of
the. French ,Ila+al Ilivisibrl AD: detach fropi9apta
ship of war, which will be stationed n terracuaa:,
is understood that the steam advice boat the Itenette
has .been designated fur the service."
We learn also from the same souree4—
That no decision had yet been taken on the subject
of the Neapolitans who had taken refuge in the States
of the Church ; but it is said, that they demand either
to be permitted to remain with the French, or to be
sent home.

There are some delicate matters to be arranged
between General Goyen and the. Piedniohtese;
prising out of the disarmament of the NeapOlitan
troops, and I should not be Siiiiirised to find 461114
.events,of rather a grave character develop6d b 1 t
of the negotiations.
of the small gunboats which is being,built
at Bordeinik is
to arrive very soon at
HaVre. The El:oar:Tr, who is krlown to be the
author of the model on which these boats are
constructed, has expressed a desire for an oppor-
tunity of judging for himself as to the success of
his plan,. and accordingly one of the boats is to
ascend the Seine as far as Paris, for the purpose
of beiti4'eiaiiiined by his Majesty, This model
vesgel is armed with Only O. single gun, and has a
VerY light draught of Water; . .
A reinarliably' thick fdg enveloped the city yes-
'ttrday, towards evening. The atmosphere became
so dense in' at, iia vruer --=fnt accidents,
,it
Was found necessary for the police to light Inv
street and squares with torches. All carriages
were forced to proceed at .a walking pace. At
ten o!elook the Stars again appeared, and it Wag
thought the:oi had :cleared, off, but by eleiren
it had redmibled its intensity,,,,. ‘, ,
A ministerial decree has appeared, anspendins
the journal called "La France Centrale, for th
following'reasOns:—" Considering that this num-
ber contains.violent attacks on .the constitution
and the laws of the country ; considering, more-
over,' that this journal, under pretence of defend-
ing the interests of religion, makes constant
efforts to,excite political passions." This is rather
a summary proceeding in the face of recent
Government explanations on the subject of the
§orship:
Th,e Emperpi lids, Jett the Palace of St?, Cloud,
in order to take up his i-esiqbtibb tithe
It being reported that the metallic reserve 8:t
the,Bank of France was to be increased in a day
or two, under an arrangement with the Bank of
England, a great deal of animation was instantly
imparted to the business of the Batirse yesterday.
Rente was at One time so high as 70.20. It ulti-
mately closed with firmness at 70.

ITALY.
(FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.)

MitANi NOV; 17.

Every communication that I have received frent
Naples • within the last two or three days fully
confirm all the circumstances contained in my
letter of the 14th inst., relative to Garibaldi and
he offers made to him by King Victor Emmanuel.
onb of thefts ctimatunications my informant
tells me that . among
,the. many inducements used
to keep Garibaldi wdi die following :---That the
four divisions of the Garibaldiati army *ere to
be reinforced with their full complement of men;
to effect which, instructions should be sent to the
proper authorities for the enrolment of volunteers,
in order that this branch of the army should be
entirely composed of volunteers,. and entirely
under the command of Garibaldi. This was the
determination come to before the General left
Naples, but which , was changed immediately
after his departure by the intrigues and jealousy
of Fanti and the Cavourian party. The result of
which is a comparative dissolution of Garibaldi's
army, to whom the Piedmontese owe their pre-
sent occupation of that kingdom, and Victor
Emmanuel his triumphant entrance to the capi-
tal of Francis- 11. Before entering upon this
subject, and in order the more clearly to bring
before the eyes of your readers the jesuitical
double dealing of Cavour and his party, let me
bring back to the mind of your readers two cir-
cumstances contained in my letters of last August,
namely, the opposition displayed on the part of
the Sardinian Government towards Garibaldi, so
as to prevent the departure of the expedition for
Sicily, and later, the trienading attitude of Sar-
dinia towards Nicotera's contemplated expedition
from Leghorn to invade the Papal States. . I can
positively assert that at the time Garibaldi Ntra
preparing his expedition the greatest opposition
was displayed on the part of the government,
which even went so far as to threaten the arrest
of the committee at that time sitting at Genoa.
So strong was the opposition on the part of
Cavour, Farini, and Fanti, that the whole affair
would have been stopped by the interference of
the authorities, if the Government did ,not fear a
general rising on the part of the people in, favour
of the expedition. The opposition of the Govern-
ment against the expedition was the certainty of
its failure, and the fear that the same would give
birth to fresh embarrassment and further compli-
cations. Fortunately for the expedition it more
than realised the most sanguine expectations of
its promoters. If it failed, there is not a man
who formed the committee of that daring under-
taking but would have been immediately arrested,
and God only knows when he would again be
able to obtain his liberty. As a further proof of
the strong feeling on the part of the Sardinian
Government against. Nicotera's contemplated in-
vasion of the States of the Pope, your readers
will remember that the Government of Turin,
being informed of the same, immediately despatched
a frigate, with two companies of bersaglieri, to
arrest the departUre of the volunteers from Leg-
horn, unless under the express condition and
promise of Nicotera not to violate any part of the
Roman States, but to start direct for 'Palermo,
which promise you will remember was kept by
Nicotera, who, on arriving at Palermo, explained
to Garibaldi the nature of the opposition adopted
by the Sardinian Government, and in consequence
of the same at once tendered his resignation to
Garibaldi. At the time that Nicotera was orgy
nising his men for the contemplated invasion of
the Pontifical States, Lamoriciere was informed
by Cardinal Antonelli that the French ambassador
at Rome had assured him, ,in the name of the
Piedmontese, that this power had not the least
intention either of invading the states of his
Holiness, or in permitting- any band of volunteers
to land on any part of the Pope's territories. We
must not only remember that Cavour gave as
positive an assurance to Sir James Hudson that
Sardinia did not intend to cede to France either
Savoy or Nice, while at the very time the under-
standing was already concluded between Cavour
and Louis Napoleon ; but, to render the policy
and faith of the Sardinian Government still more
clear, we must also remember that at this time
Garibaldi was only in possession of Palermo, and
the result was still uncertain, the battle of Milazzo
and the possession of Messina being subsequent
to this period. These two important moves hdving
followed in due course,' the game was then more
in favour of the' revolutionary army than before,
and, for the first time, the Sardinian Government,
being certain of its ultimate success, began to
countenance, encourage, and support the revolu-
tion. Emissaries were spread in every part of
the Neapolitan kingdom, money- distributed in
every direction, the most seducing promises held
out to corrupt the base men who surrounded a
young and inexperienced king; the invasion of
the Papal States took place by the Piedmontese
troops without any formal declaration of war ;
promises and international law disregarded, the
pioneers of the revolution urged on to prepare the
road for the Piedmontese, the invasion of the Nea-
politan states by Sardinia without even a pretext
for a declaration of war, the Sardinian Ambas-

sador being still the representative of his govern-
ment at the court of Francis IL, which was at
that time industriously plotting the destruction of
the young King. The impartial historian, at
some future period, will not fail to denounce

the conduct of tne Cavourian government
as the blackest treachery and the hollowest
deceit which have ever disgraced a ministry.
In the meantime, the Garibaldini continued their
brilliant triumphs, until they met more stubborn
opposition on the banks of the Volturno, where
they most certainly would have been defeated if
it had not been for the assistance of the Piedmon-

tese. The great battle of the Ist of October was
decided in favour of the Garibaldini. The

Royalists then sheltered themselves behind the
walls of Capua and Gaeta, and at the death up

comes the army of Piedmont, having left all the
most difficult work for the Garibaldini. The

King and Garibaldi meet, and warmly embrace
each other. In a few days after the hero of Italy
hands over to his Majesty the country that he
had conquered in his name, and retires to Caprerat
leaving his army under the protection of the King
and his Government. It cannot be denied that

to Garibaldi, and his brave army of daring spirits,
Victor Emmanuel owes his present position ; it
was therefore but natural to suppose that the
King and his Government would give to these ,
youts the most ample proofs of their gratitude
many of whom, to follow the fortunes of Gari-
baldi, have abandoned widowed mothers, wives,
family, position,.and brilliant careers—all for the
liberation of their country. But, now that the
Sardinian Government is invested with the go-
vernment of Naples, will it be believed that the
intrigues and ambition of the Piedmontese party
have been such as not only to induce the King in
his late order of the day to dissolve the army'
but a commission has been demanded, on the part
of the Piedmontese generals, to examine the pro-
priety of sanctioning the commissions of those
officers . that have been promoted by Garibaldi
and his generals to their present rank. Are

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thb Piedmontese generals and others officers
of the Sardinian • army, who have comp in
at the death, to absorb all the advantages
for which the Garibaldini have been fighting
for the last six months ? Are the Piedmontese
officers ashamed to rank with the Garibaldini ?
Is justice and promotion to be denied those young
men who have' sacrificed so much for their
country ? How truly does the accusation of the
Pungolo tell against the Cavourian Government,
that the liberation of the TiVo Sicilies Was rather
for the enlargement of Piedmont, and the mini-
isteritil hangers-on, than tiny *Varili and disinte-
patriotismeated patriotism 'fqr the entire emancipation of
the Penin,sila,, What is the brilliant compensa-
tion And gratitude of. Piedmont to the Garibaldini
tei the liberation of nine millions of Italians, and
the most beautiful part of Italy? 'lt iathis-: the
King, in his order of the day, tells the officers of
the Garibaldini Army that a commission will be
held to examine whether they have merited their
rank. Is not this an insult to Garibaldi, and
base ingratitude to these young soldiers who have
cheerfully supported, for six months, the hardest
fatigues and perils P Those volunteers who wish
to return home; ate to have all their travelling
§iperisespaid, and three Months' pay in anticipa-
tion; by way Of compensation The government
668 hot forget to hold out a temptation to those
, ,olding commissions, to give up the by pi4O-i
raising six: months' pay in anticipation, to all
those officers who shall give in their resignation.
In order to effectnally break up the artily '• of
Garibaldi, those who desire tet cdaituide Will net'
only be obliged to enrol theniselves in the rert,,tor
army; but sign for two years service. What
young man who has left his hoine, profession, or
business, would sign such a period, the more especi-
ally as he would be subject to be incorporated with
the Piedmontese regiments, without conserving
either the distinctive character or prestige of the
. This dider of the day., and the,
generiii conduct of the Sardinian Government has.
been severely criticised by. the liberal press, and
am. certain that very few of the youne' men who
.Otli posed the army of ciaribaldi will consent to
remain in the service with the condition kir the
further enrolment for two years. In fact within
the last Week the streets of our city clearly show
that hilndreds •of.the LOnihardiang,hate already
kq'nrne4:. The Ding hai prOthised to give the
Poltintebrs a medal of military valour, and also
the Cross of Savoy. It .is the least his Majesty
could do. If the Piedmontese generals, officers,
and. men, are entitled to the Order of Saint
Uaurice and. Lazarus, the military medal of valour
and Cross of Savoy for the invasion of the
Marches and Umbria, surely the Garibaldini are
entitled to the same for such
.hrilliant engage-
Ments as those of Calatafinii, Palermo, Milazzo,
and Caserta.

To-day there was a general meeting in this
city of all the Venetians resident in Lombardy,
the subject 'of which was to adopt measures for
the ensuing spring and to appoint a president.
Garibaldi was unanimously elected, and a depu-
tation will start next week for Caprera to beg
his acceptance of the same, and receive his in-
structions for their guidance.
Victor Emmanuel has given 200,000 francs out
of his private income for the peoples' educational
institutions of the city of Naples:

GRAND ANNIVERSARY BALL OF THE
4TH LANCASHIRE ARTILLERY VOLUN-
TEERS.
r Last night, the 4th Lancashire Artillery Volunteers
celebrated their first anniversary by a grand ball in St.
George's-hall, under the immediate patronage of Mrs.
James Bourne, the lady: of Lieutenant-Colonel James
llourne; Mrs. James Walter, the lady of Major Walter;
Mrs. Charles R. Bean, the lady. of Lieutenant C. B.
pean ; and otherslistitigiiishdd ladies. Long before and
long after, nine o'clock, the hour of assembly, the exte-
toor df ifie hall was crowded by parties anxious
obtain a glimpse of the fashionable arrivals. The
vestibule of the hall resounded rather too powerfully
With the strains of the magnificent and highly effective
band of the regiment; and Streather's elegant and effective
Choir of instrumentalists did good duty in the dancing-hall.
A,s. the company assembled we observed present—His
Worship the Mayor and the Lady Mayoress, J. A. Tobin,
sq., Captain Luckraft, R. N,, Captain Goldfinch, ILN.,
Colonel- Smythe, Captain M'Mullen, Captain Faulkner,
Colonel Monntstephen, Colonel Turner. Lieut,-Colonel
tousfield, Captain Forbes, Councillors Clarke lA.spinall,
,e• Mozley, H. Shimmin, T. Littledale, Major Clay,
Major Greig, Alderman J. H. Turner Major Tinley,
Major Bonnie, Lieutenant Rogerson, Ensign Maitland,
Deputy-Lieutenant Harvey, Major Chambers (accom-
allied by a son of the Italian liberator, Garibaldi),
'Lieutenant Parks, &c., &c. The company of ladies and
gentlemen assembled numbered nearly a thousand, and
Comprised representatives of.every artillery, engineer,
and rifle corps in town. The programme of the dances
Was as follows :—Quadrille, waltz, polka, lancers, plop,
Waltz, quadrille, polka, lancers, galop.
To attempt to describe the appearance of the well-
tiled and truly
,magnificent ball-room were a difficult
task. The success of the affair was as apparent to the
most superficial as it was certain to the initiated in
matters' connected with such fashionable assemblies.
-the hdbittie's of the Wellington Room assemblies were
there ; and the Mayor's a feast" was prematurely
token up in order to give eclat to the occasion. The
kefreshments were provided by Mrs. Oakes. We do
!Pt consider it desirable to publish the meagre bill of
fare, the only drawback to the success of the meeting.
AB the hours advanced the hilarity of the occasion
increased, and all went merry as a marriage-bell until
tar into this morning. In many respects the anniversary
?f. the Fourth Lancashire Artillery will long be remem-
bered as one of the happiest Volunteer celebrations of
the season. It-is simply our duty to mention that the
Lady patronesses' room was fitted up by Mr. Holden,
tornamentations
he of which were kindly furnished by
Mr. Mayer, and.the beautiful water-colour drawings by
kr, Grtuidy. The flags over the orchestra were lent by
Messrs. Jeffery '& Co.

TRADE WITH AMERICA AND FRANCE.

MR. MItNER GIBSON'S QUOTATIONS FROM MR.

BRIGHT'S-SPEECH.

Ile had observed a.;er37;ensibleieinailimade by Mr. Bright
at Wakefield, that it was a strange thing that 30,000,000 of
Ple in England and 36,000,000 of people in France, separated
:3313' by a narrow sea, could not just as well have as extensive
A trade with eaph other, as with people separated by the
411 antic. (Cheers.)

TO. TREI EDITOR OF VIE DAILY TIMES.
u.SITI.,—The answer to this " very sensible remark " of
Mr. Bright's is that America furnishes us with a raw
_katerial, which provides employment to about one-third
;.f. our whole population, which France can never do.
:f France sends MI 'raw silk. she sends French ribbons
1$ ruin Coventry, and French silks to swamp Spital-
4elds. As Oienstierli said, t. With how little wisdom
the world is governed."
t, The above ",sensible remark" is a fair specimen, of
Whig-Radical wisdom by which this country is
Eqerdied.-7-Yours, &c., " A LOOKER-ON."
Liverpool, Nov. 22, 1860.