The Press.
London, England, 1853-10-01 00:00:00

THE PRESS.

SIR JAXLIII GRAHAM was yebterday expected in
Dublin, en route to England, his immediate presence
being required in London.
Mr. lAusroxE ham written to the Lord Provost of
Edinburgh, declining the proferred compliment of
burgliship in that city. The Chancellor of the Exche-
quer says that he must devote next week to public
business in town.

THE CH4,ly.aa.—The official returns of mortality
trom cholera on Thursday are as follows :
NEwrAsrummos•-Tricie.--Cholers, ; Diarrhma, 5.
GArtsintain, Sept. 28.—Cholera, 12 ; Diarrhoea, 1.
Sept. a.—Cholera, 7.
TYNEMOCTH (WALLSEND DI STRICT ), Sept. 2g.-44-
Cholera, 4.
RYE, Sept. 29.—Cholers, 1.
COLDING HAM •BY-AYTON (BERwIOESNIRE), Sept. 28.
Cholera, 1.
DuNsE, N. 8., Sept. 29.—Cholera, 1.
HOWDON Pass, Sept. 29.—Cholera, 2.

THE TOTAL Loss OF THE VICTORY STEAM•TACRET
was announced in Bristol yesterday. This vessel
was one of the finest packets of the Dull n and
Waterford Steam Navigation Company, trading he
tween Ireland and Bristol. It would appear that the
Victory, which was commanded by an experienced
captain (Stacey), upon her arrival at Waterford, was
engaged by the Government to carry a detachment
of troons from that city to Liverpool. This she ac-
complished, and was on her return voy axe from
Liverpool to Waterford, when, while tiff the Wexford
coast, she struck upon a rock, and went down almost
immediately. It is gratifying to add that all hands
were saved.

CITY, Saturday Afternoon.—Consols opened at
93i to a but in consequence of the aspect of the
Eastern question they tell to 03, sellers. French
shares are rather flatter, on the report that the Bank
of France is about to raise the rate of discount.

English railway shares maintain their value.
Consols, 93 ; Spanish, 221 ; Mexican, 24 ; Peru-
vian, 721 3; Russian, 97 t ; Northern of France,
331 4; Lyons, 25f 61 ; Caledonian, AO; London and
North• Western, 1031 4 ; Midland, 591 00 ; South-
Eastern, 601.

PLAIN ADVICES TO ALL DURING THE

VISITATION OF THE CHOLERA.

THE following excellent series of advices and injunc-
tions have been is,ued under the authority of the
Board of Health :

I. Conform to and assist every measure of prevention or
remedy put in operation by the local authorities ; for such
measures are founded ulx►n knowledge and experience, and
are enforced by the direction of Government for the public
good. If you sustain inconvenience. or apprehend danger,
front any public. nuisance. immediately complain, either to
your local board of health. your town council, or your board
of guardians, as the ease way he, either of whom arc fully
empoee►ed to enforce a remedy.
2.:lpply you►self. Its (SE SS lies in your power. to
render the chief ditties of parochial and other public
officera unneeessary, inasmuch as rega►tds your own
home, by the instant removal of every nuisance about it
and in it. . . . .

3. It is the special duty of the authorities at all times,
but imperatively so now, to have all streets, alleys, and
courts daily cleansed. But it is your duty to throw no
refuse into the streets, nor to collect any in your back pre-
mines Have no dungheapa, no ashlicaps. Keep no pigs
iu close places. Make the scavenger and the dustman take
away whatever is annoying. Have no sloppy holes in your
areas or back yards, but get them paved or levelled. Insist
upon your landlord making your house water-tight. See
that your windows will open and shut. so as to admit air
and exclude :utast ure. Every epidemic. whether lever or
cholera, rages amid dirt and damp, and where there are
stinking kennels and open ditches, toul with dead animals
and decayed vegetables. Avoid all such places to dwell in;
and wake your children, when they go out, avoid all bad-
smelling places.
4. Look to the inside of your dwelling, as well as outside,
to get rid of nuisances. Are the walls and ceilings dirty
or tie:eddy? At the cost of a shilling or two they may be
lime-whited. This has been found one of the most effec-
tual preventives of cholera. Avoid, if possible, crowding
your sleeping-rooms. if there is a chimney in a bedroom.
keep it open, and have no chimney-board, or chest of
drawers, to atop it up. It would be to make a bole,
three or four inches square, near rd ceiling. into the
chimney—a very easy ventilator. Get pure air into your
rooms by every possible means, and get rid of the foul air
in the most effectual manner. If there is a constant
offensive smell within your dwelling, which other people
as Ai ell as yourself notice, be sure that there is danger at
hand ; ana never rest till you have ascertained the cause,
and have got it removed, as far as possible. Complain to
the landlord ; if he neglects you, complain to those who
have to enforce " The Nuisances Removal." If you
cannot get the nuisance removed, you ought to prepare to
remove from the nuisance. If you go to other lodgings or
houses, go to those where there has been no fever.
There are houses, with no fault of construction, that are
always disagreeable to the senses. They are the abodes of
sluttishness—the forerunner of disease. The person is
seldom clean when a dwelling is dirty. Personal cleanliness
and huua CK44/ILUCRS arc hal hvaLthliTcral awl ara of

SATURDAY,

vital importance when the elements of disease and death
are around us.
i. This advice, with regard to your dwelling, assumes
that you live in a populous town ; hut the principles on
which the advice is founded hold good whether you dwell
iu a village, or even in a lone cottage•. AU places, it is to
be feared, have their nuisances. If there is a dungheap at
your threshold, remove it to a distance. if a foul ditch, or
cesspool, stir yourself to have a change. If the pigsty is
offensive, cleanse and wash it daily. Have no poultry or
rabbits within doors. In a word, get dirt and damp away
from your house and out of your house, and get pure air
into it. lie clean yourself, and have everything clean
about yeti.
B. Having looked to your dwelling within and without,
consider what is best tor your welfare as to food and cloth
Mg. Whenever cholera is present in a locality there is a
general tendency to irritation of bowels, and warm clothing
and wholesome food arc more than ever necessary. These
happily arc within the reach of the great body of the
people. The extreme poor must be righteously cared for
in these respects out of the abundance of the more fortu-
nate ; but all have in their power to avoid what is hurtful.
Avoid cold ; but make yourself strong by exercise in the
open air, it your employment is within doors. The same
duty of exercise applies to all your family, male and female.
If there is any loud or drink injurious at ordinary times,
it is doubly injurious when there is pestilence in the at-
mosphere. he very careful not to drink impure water;
and take heed that wells are not polluted, and that water-
butts and cisterns are kept cleansed. Spend less money
on beer and other drinks, and spend more on flannel and
coals.
7. Cholera is not so suddenly fatal as is supposed; it
comes on with looseness or bowel complaint, which goes on
for some hours, or even for a day or two. There is often
no pain ; but no one must be put cff his guard by this cir-
cumstance, but must immediately, when purging comes
on, apply for proper medicine, by which the disease is
usually stopped. Where cholera is prevalent in a district,
the neglect of this caution for a few hours may be fatal.
Cholera is often brought on by improper diet. Tainted
meat and fish, and damaged vegetables, should be carefully
avoided. Cholera is often brought on by excess even of
wholesome food. The greatest moderation should be
practised both in meats and drinks, always avoiding long
fasting. Ardent spirits should be taken only under medical
advice: drunkards always suffer most. Cholera is often
brought on by cold. Wet clothe', should be immediately
changed ; the feet especially should be kept warm and dry.
The most violent attacks often come on immediately after
incautious exposure to damp foggy night air.
s. If an attack, even the slightest, should come on in
your household you must immediately apply for medical
assistance. Amengements will be made in every locality
to render such assistance promptly and effectually : there is
no disease which can bu more readily met than cholera iu
its first or premonitory stage. In cases of ciiarrhcea, or
looseness of bowels, the following medicine is recom-
mended by the board, but avoid, if you can, exercising
your own judgment in giving medicine at all :
" Twenty grains of opiate confection, mixed with two
table•spooniuls of peppermint-water, or with a little weak
brandy and water, and repeated every three or four hours,
or oftener if the attack is severe. Half the quantity to
persons under fifteen ; smaller doses to children."
O. If the disease W4,11111c a violent form before help can
be obtained, put the sufferer into a warm bell, apply bottles
of hot water or heated flannel to the stomach and feet, and
along the spine. A dessert-spoonful of brandy may be
given from time to time in hot water. Constant friction
with flannel dipped in hot vinegar is recommended, as well
as the application of a s iiiegar and mustard poultice over
the belly. A prudent person will have the necessary arti-
cles at hand ; but promptitude in getting assistance is the
first duty. liy 'light or by day send for the doctor ; and
such is the zeal of the medical profession that the hum•
blest person will not send in vain.
10. If any of the evil habits and neglects referred to in
this advice exist in yourself or your family, begin to alter
such habits and avoid such neglects without an hour's
delay. The desired change to enable you to meet this
epidemic disease is good fin- every other; and an immediate
preparation may save n vast amount of misery. The con-
dition of the human body cannot be altered at once, but the
practices which tend to an evil condition may be instantly
changed. In days you may Cfleet a change which you
cannot effect iu hours.

11. VI nether the disease of cholera come into
your household or you be spared, keep up your spirita,have
no vain fears, relax no industry, shrink not from assisting
your neighbours, and put your trust in Him in whose
hands are the issues of life and death.

THE approaching reception of M. Berryer, as
Member of the French Academy, is creating a cer-
tain sensation in the Legitimist circles in Paris.
Yielding to some scruples of conscience, the Legiti-
mist orator hesitated to make the usual speech in
which it is the custom to pronounce an enloFtium on
the head of the Government. On the other hand,
the dignitaries of the Academy remarked that thi:
hesitation lasted rather too long, and that a delay do%
years is sufficient to reconcile him to his task. 'I be
friends of M. Berryer are pressing him to get rid of
the obligation, and remark that M. Chateaubriand
did not hesitate to present himself during the em-
pire, although blaming that form of government. M.
Berryer has, it is said, consented to present himself•
in December.
THE REPORT ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN FRAM( E
since the establishment of the present Government
(2nd Dec., ISM), presented to the Emperor by, the
Minister of Public Instruction, occupies fifteen
closely-priuted cell Inns vi the ✓eetwal oks Debal4

OCTOBER 1, 1833.

CITY INTERMENTS.
rLAGRXNT evils having proved the necessity, and private
enterprise having indicated the way, the civic authorities
of London are at length endeavouring, in good earnest, to
organise a system of extramural interment for that section
of the metropolis which is under their control. The ides
has indeed taken long to arrive at its present state of ripe-
ness. Writers, from Defoe downwards, when delineating
their "pictures of London," from whatever point of view,
seldom failed to find occasion for some remarks upon the
absurdity, the indecency, or the insalubrity attending the
practice of intramural burial. With time and the increase
of population the evils grew fearfully aggravated, and the
descriptions deepened in horror. What the earlier ob-
servers deduced from theory, or noticed in the occasional
visitations of pestilence, became a conspicuous and normal
atrocity. For twenty years past the publi' have been only
too well familiarised with the sickening details of :.ernes
°aining, as matters of course, in the overcrowded City
churchyards, where room for fresh tenants is made among
the festering and half decomposed remains of former
occupants; and, fir an equal period, the medical reporters
and population-enumerators hate been able to state. almost
to a fraction, the extra percentage of disease and mortality
which is disseminated among the living by their fatal
proximity to the sleepim.,,places of the dead.
However, the authorities have now been warned, advised,
and rebuked sufficiently to induce them to act. Aud, as
the usual preliminary to action, they have obtained a
report" from a properly-qualified fitnetionary to whom
it was entrusted to examine the subject in all its bearings,
elucidate the evils of the existing system, and lay the
foundations for another and better one. This repo rt is
,just piffiliahed. It bears the official signature of Mr.
John Simon, the City "Officer of Health," and is ad-
dressed to the " Improvement Committee " of the Com-
miesioders of Sewers ter the City of London.
The first thing which strikes us on perusing this very
sensible and practical document is this :—That the pnie-
tical difficulties are but a very trifling proportion of all
those which have to be surmounted in accomplishing the
desired result. Three points, says Mr. Simou, require the
attention, and will come within the responsibilities, of the
Burial Board " constituted under recent acts of Parlia-
ment. First, to .provide " sufficient extramural burial-
jdaees ;" secondly, to thrnish "commensurate fiwilities
fur transit and conveyanee to such burial-places ; and,
thirdly, t...) put a stop to the injury which now accrues to
the health of the City " from unnecessary delays of inter-
ments, or from keeping dead bodies in the dwelling-rooms
of the poor." Respecting the first point, nothing more is
required than a brief process of arithmetic to ascertain the
area of ground rinuired, and a comparatively trifling out-
lay to purchaac it. Three thousand two hundred burials
are estimated as the animal average among the population
who can " claim " interment 'utile hands of the City Board,
including the resident householder, certain ratepayers
non-resident, and (possibly) the families of the latter.
Taking, therefore, an average space of twenty-eight square
feet for every separate grave—and that all interments
should be single and separate Mr. Simon Includes among
the recognised principles whereon the new system must be
fon:id:A—and further taking twenty years us the maximum
period required to obliterate every trace of organisation in
a buried corpse, even the most solid portiona having then
inoiddered and eiiimbhal away so us to allow the spot it
ones occupied to be 118411 OHM more fur interment—we
find that a total area of fifty-four acres will suffice on sound
principles for the ordinary interment:semis:vent upon the
annual mortality in the city of London for twenty ) ears ; and,
therefore, by an easily-arranged process of succession, in
perpetuity.

Collateral purposes, however, require a considerable ex.
tension of this aura. There must be ground for the at.
tached bu►ldings and faces : fur edifices provided " for the
temporary actsonnuidati of persons resorting thither at
the! burial of their friends; or fur the religotts services of

different congregations." A further allotment is also sug-
gested for strangers who may have wished to find resting-
places in the City Cemetery, although not entitled to claim
tone ; and tier such wealthy inhabitants as may please to se.
cure, by purchase, a continuous or perpet tad p►ssession of tha
space occupied by their grave, instead of a twenty years'
tenancy. And yet another addition mina he made to the
estate on account of the trees. turf, undulating walks, and
other appropriate decorations which Mr. Simon judiciously
recommends to be introduced on considerations bot.h of
health and taste. Altogether 1w calculates that every pur-
Pose will be nerved by an area of 100 acres " in a suitable•
soil. • This is, however, an inPide. measuretnent. '►onside
the eemetery itself some more land, and even larger Nur-
faee WV l of it. will be requisite to carry out the intentions
of the Legislature on the subject. For as usual the Le-
gislature in the acts hitherto passed has failed to carry
them out for itself. The law forbids the construction of