The Press.
London, England, 1853-07-23 00:00:00

CANADA.

The Earl of Elgin, tiovernor-General of Canada,
has accepted the invitation to be present at the open-
ing of the New York Exhibition.
The Canadian Parliament has closed an active and
profitable session, resulting in the completion of
many important measures. A decimal currency has
been established. The Grand Trunk Railway has Mien
organised, anal on so sound a footing that the stock
is at a premium in England. Four hundred miles of
the road will probably be finished before the hat of
.l,unu►ry. Au 11ectut Steam Navigation Company has
been incorporated, and two pioneer vessels have
already made the voyage. An increase in the re-
presentation of the province has been carried. A
law facilitating the settlement of wild lands has
been added to the statute-book. Increased security
has been given to municipal debentures in Upper
Canada by the Consolidated Loan Fund Art. A
measure providing fir the better treatment of luna-
tics has been adopted. All religious sects have been
]►laced on a footing of equality as regards the cele-
bration of marriage.
Immediately upon the recess a t►tal recoil:4rue.
tion of the Ministry took place, in which Mr. Ilincks,
late Inspector-6eneral, was made Premier, and Mr.
Norris, the late Postmaster-tieneral, was appointed
Speaker of the Council.
WEST 1N 1) I ES.
The last intelligence from Itarbadoes reaches to
the lstla ult. The island was in a very healthy con-
dition, and the growing (Topa appeared to be more
abundant than had been known for maniv years.
:{o,laSi hogsheads of sugar had been shipped, and
about 11,0110 more remained.
In British Guiana trade was in a very dull state,
anal provisions scarce anal dear. Great improve-
ment had taken place in the cane cultivation, which
hwl entirely recovered from the effects of the seven•
drought. Another Colonial School Bill had been
proposed. A bishops college for the training of
schoolmasters, and the preparing of candidates for
the ministry of the Church of England, had been

opened.
At Jamaica matters were no better than when the
last advice left, and no steps had been taken, either
by the Council or the Assembly, for the purpose of
effecting a reconciliation. The monetary condition
of the island continued in the MIMI embarrassed
state ; the treasury shut, the executive almost para-
lysed, and a large number of convicts hod been let
loose on society. The minim.: d►str►cts of the coun-
try contilined to attract greet attention, and confi-
, donee existed that that portion of the wealth of the
island justified very high expectations.

REPLY To Tim RUSSIAN MANIFESTO.
Count Nesselrtsle's second note has elicited a
second reply from► the French Minister for Foreign
Atlairs. This despatch was drawn up with extra-
ordinary promptitude, and appeared in the Nat West,.
of Sunday last- It has given much satisfaction in
Paris, by its vigorous and dignified tone. The
following are the more important passages of the;
note, which, like the preceding paper► on both bides,

272

takes the form of a despatch addressed to the foreign
agents of the Government:—
" Paris, July 15.
" Sir,—The new despatch of the Count de Nesselrode
has produced on the Gemmed of the Emperor an im-
pression which his Imp:dal = has ordered me to
communicate to you without .
"We cannot betagstr MAN Russia, at the very
modest when the of all tie Cabinets to bring about
a estishetery wham or the present dilhaulties testify so
cies* te their modsmaties, take an attitude which renders
the moss at *sir segelatletes 1101'0 uncertain, and im-
am seine of then the duty of repelling the responsi-
C 1:; which it has in vain been attempted to throw upon
their policy.
" I should not wish to come back upon a worn-out dis-
cussion, but as the Count de Nesselrode always alleges in
support of the pretensions of St. Petersburg the offence
which the Porte Is said to have committed with regard to
it, in not holding good the promises which it had made to
the Russian legation at the period of the tint regulation of
the question of the Holy Places in PM, 1 am forced to
repeat that the &mans granted by the Sultan, in conse-
quence of the mission of Prince Menschikoff, have taken
away all foundation for any such grievance ; and that, if
there is any Government authorised to raise lefitimate
complaints, it is not that of his Majesty the Emperor
Nicholas.
" In fact, at the date of the 10th of May last, the Count
de Nesselrode, who had just received despatches from the
ambassador of Russia at Constantinople, congratulated
himself to General de Ctuffelbeje,c on a result which he
considered as a happy conclusion of the affair of the Holy
Places. M. de Kisseleff, at Paris, made me a similar
declaration; and everywhere the agents of the St. Peters-
burg Cabinet held the same language.
"The demands presented afterwards by Prince Menschi-
koff, when the principal object of his mission had been at-
tained, and when his return had been already announced,
were in no manner connected with those which he had got
the Porte to socept ; and it waa, in fact, a new question, a
graver difficulty, which arose at Constantinople at the very
time when Europe, for an instant alarmed, was invited by
Russia herself to be perfectly tranquil.
" Taken aback, to a certain degree, by exigencies which
they could not have anticipated, the representatives atCon.
stantinople, of France, Austria, Great Britain, and Prussia,have loyally employed their efforts to prevent a rupture
of which the consequences might be so fatal. They have
not advised the Porte to a resistance of a nature to expose
it to the most serious dangers ; and unanimously recog-
nising that the demands of Russia touched too nearly the
liberty of action and the sovereignty of the Sultan for them
toopermit themselves to offer an opinion, they leg to the
ministry of his Highness alone the responsibility of settling
what view they should take of the matter. There was,
therefore, on their part, neither passion of any kind, nor in-
termeddling ; and if the Ottoman Government, left to itself,
did not choose to subscribe to the conditions which it was
atte to impose upon it, it must surely have discovered
that were entirely incompatible with its independence
and its icy.
It
"It was in such conjunctures that Prince Menschikoff
left Constantinople, while he broke off all diplomatic rebi-
d.= between Russia and the Porte ; and that the powers
11111181 e by their traditions and their interests to maintain
the halegrity of Turkey have had to lay down a line of con-
duct.
" The Government of his Imperial Majesty, in accord-
ance with that of her Britannic Majesty, has thought that
the situation was too threatening not to be watched close
at hand, and the squadrons of France and England soon
received the order to proceed to Itesika, where they ar-
rived in the middle of the month of June.
" That measure, entirely of foresight, had no hostile
character as respected Russia ; it was imperiously de-
manded by the gravity of the circumstances, and amply
justified by the preparations: for war which for several
months were making in Bessarabia and in the roads of
Sebastopol.
The motive of the rupture between the Cabinet of St.
Petersburg anti the Porte had, so to say, disappeared. The
question which might arise unexpectedly at Constantinople
was that of the very existence of the Ottoman empire, and
never would the Government of his Imperial Majesty
admit that such vast interests should be at stake without
immediately claiming that portion of influence and action
which its power and rank in the world entitle it to. To the
essence of a Russian army on the frontiers of Turkey, it
he right and the duty of answering by the presence
of its naval forces at Besika, in a bay freely open to the
navies of all nations, and situated beyond the limits of
which treaties forbid the passage in times of peace.
" The Russian Government, besides, was soon to take
upon itself the explanation of the necessity of the move-
ment ordered for the two squadrons.
" On the 31st of May, in fact, when it was impossible to
know at St. Petershurgh (where the news did not arrive
till the 17th of June) the resolutions which France and
England might adopt, the ('omit. de Nesselmde sent to
the Porte, under the form of a letter to Reschid Pack*, a
last taiimatent. with a brief delay, and which contained.
very clearly expressed, the threat of a speedy occupation of
the principalities of the Danube.
" When that resolution had been taken with a solemnity
which no longer permits a Government jealous of its dignity
to modify it—when by a circular, dated the 11th of June,
his Mejesty the Emperor Nicholas caused it to be announced
to Europe, an if to make the execution of it the more irre-
vocable—our squadron was still at. Melamine, and that of
England had not yet left the port of Malta.
" The simple comparison of these dates suffices to indi-
cate from which side bas sprung the initiative which it is
attempted to-day to deny, while throwing the responsibility
of it on France and England ; it is also sufficient to prove
that between the communication made at Paris and atLon-
don of tho step attempted directly by Count Nesselrode at