The Press.
London, England, 1855-09-22 00:00:00

THE CAMP KITCHEN.

The full success of his new camp and bivouac
kitchens, after prolonged trial on the scene of action,
is announced by M. Soyer in a letter of the 4th inst.
from the Crimea. The chef writes :
No doubt your readers will feel interested in hearing of
the success with which I met at the opening of my field and
bivouac kitchen, which cannot fail to prove beneficial to the
future comfort and welfare of the army in the Crimea. It
is very gratifying to me to have gained so much approbation
in so short a time, from eo many eminent and distin-
guished personages, numbering above one thousand ;
amongst whom were Generals Simpson and Pelissier, his
grace the Duke of Newcastle, and all the leading Crimean
authorities. Everything prepared for the monster martial
banquet was made out of the soldiers' usual rations, which
I must say are amply supplied by the Government, and
only require attention in the preparation. Seven of my
camp stoves were placed in the open air, on the esplanade
in front of the Guards and Highlanders, containing the
various specimens of food, recipes for which were distri-
buted throughout the camp. The stoves are now in daily

SATURDAY,

use by the Guards and Coldstreams, where men from other
regiments are sent to learn the simple art of camp cookery.
By the time the other cooking apparatus arrives the whole
of the army will be able to cook under my new system,
which is now recognised by all those who have witnessed it
to be expeditious, clean, and economical, most especially
in the consumption of fuel. I inclose you copies of the
opinions expressed upon the subject by
.Generals Simpson
and Pelissier, and I assure you it is with unfeigned
pleasure I acknowledge that the Government has in every
instance afforded me the utmost facility in carrying out my
views. I would mention one misfortune on the occasion
of the opening my bivouac kitchen, or two days prior, viz.,
that Colonel Seymour (to whom I was referred by the
Commander•in-Chief for necessary assistance) was in the
trenches and seriously wounded, but is now out of danger.
In my next I will forward you a statistical return of the
saving that can be effected by the use of these camp stoves
as compared with the old system. I am happy to add,
that all the hospitals in the Bosphorus are in a most
satisfactory condition in the culinary departments.

THE BALTIC FLEET.
(From our Own Correspondent.)
NARGEN, Sept. 11.
Muca vexation has been caused among officers of all
grades in the Baltic fleet by the invidious and unfair
remarks made in the Times regarding our highly
respected admiral and his colleague, Admiral Penaud.
Whatever may be the blame (and it must be ad-
witted that some cause exists) that can be attached
to the Government for dilatory conduct in the man-
ner in which this campaign has been conducted—
whatever may be said of the absurdity of losing the
two best months of the season for operations, from.
the want of the forces to be employed being ready in
the Gulf of Finland—whatever may be said of the
want of foresight displayed by the authorities at.
home in not being prepared to follow up a result so
fortunate as that of the bombardment of Sweaborg—
nobody can call in question the fact that the project
was well conceived, well calculated, and well executed,
and that it is an undeniable fact that the attacking
party, the party attacked, the authorities in St.
Petersburg, and the authorities in France and Eng-
land, were perfecty astonished at the immense effect-
of our fire and at the enormous damage done to a
place hitherto considered impregnable from the extra-
ordinary strength of its fortresses and the great range
of the guns mounted en barbette on the top of the
batteries. From our fire being excessively rapid, the
place the sooner felt its effects. On our part, our
mortars were (as it was proved perhaps for the first
time) unable to stand so heavy a test of their
strength, and consequently split at the vents. I am
inclined to think that such a mishap was not to have
been anticipated. It occurred, in all probability,
partly from want of sufficient experiments having
been made. But in this no blame can be attached
to our commanders. What earthly use would hare
accrued to us from attempting an attack on Cronstadt
with three or four mortars and twenty gun-boats
Nothing but to have shown the enemy their weak
points, and to have enabled them to make every
description of diabolical preparations for our grand
coup next year. And, regarding Helsingfors, we,
hear from unquestionable, nay the very best, authority
that the inhabitants were frightened out of their
lives, that they had got up a huge petition, signed
by nearly all the population, headed by the Civil
governor, in which they appealed, in the most humi-
liating (to themselves) terms, to our humanity to
spare their town, and that after we had left even the:
bigoted Greek Church priests returned thanks before
the altars in their churches to the commanders of
the allied forces for their forbearance in not attacking
private property. Moreover, that the impression
made on the Fins (who only serve Russia because
they fear her despotic rule) by our philanthropy is.
more deep by half than could have been made by
half a dozen victoria., over Russian troops.
All the reports of the great )oss sustained by the
enemy during the bombardment are more that cor-
roborated. Numbers of deserters come away in,
small boats, whose accounts agree in the main.
It has been decided by the Governments of the
allies that nothing more can be attempted here this.
year; so we have nothing to look forward to but•
dull monotony, unless we can get an occasional slap.
at the enemy in the neighbourhood of Wiborg or
Gulf of Bothnia.
The French mortar and gun boats and transports
go home immediately, and colliers and store-ships
are all on the move. The admiral, it is supposed,
will soon pay a visit to the King of Sweden, in which
case his ship will probably go to Ebsnallen. The
Edinburgh has just returned from having been at.
anchor near to Sweaborg. She received certain in-
formation that it was meant to attack her, during one
of the dark nights, with steamers and gun-boats.
As she was anchored in a creek, where she could not
turn round, and was surrounded with rocks and
shoals, it was thought better to recal her. It cer-

NM 141

SEPT. 22, 1855.

tainly is strange that the Russians have never
attempted to cut out, or at any rate disturb, most
seriously our cruisers, who anchor daily almost
within range of the guns of Sweaborg and its
surrounding islands. For example, the Amphion
daily shows the most utter contempt for the euemy,
anchoring almost wherever she likes, and if a fort
fires at her she returns the fire and passes on at her
leisure. No sortie has been made by the Russian
vessels at Cronstadt since I last wrote, and the hopes
of getting a slap at them are fast dying away. Admiral
Seymour continues at Seskar, two ships of his
squadron being constantly cruising off Cronstadt.
Mr. Galbraith, a mate of the Geyser, has been tried
on the serious charge of being below in his watch
during the night previous to the bombardment, the
Geyser having the guard on the right of the mortar-
vessels for their protection. He was sentenced to
be dismissed the service. The weather is very
changeable and bad, strong winds and heavy rains
being prevalent. All quiet in the Gulf of Bothnia.
The poor are suffering frightfully from the want of
salt and other necessaries of life. Even at St.
Petersburg salt is selling at four shillings a pound,
and they appear, from what we can gather, to be
perfectly unable to procure such things as sugar,
coffee, and groceries. It is affirmed that another
year's blockade will force the Russians to come to
terms. If we could only stop the Memel trade, there
can be no doubt we should soon make them advance
overtures to us, but while that iniquitous proceeding
is allowed to go on the blockade cannot strictly be
culled an effective one. It is generally believed that
the admiral will blockade with his whole force
(excepting, of course, the gun-boats) until late in the
season, and keep a strict watch on the enemy in
every hole and corner of the Gulfs of Finland and
Bothnia. Our gun-boats will be a great loss, but
the weather after this month is not at all adapted to
their manoeuvres. The Austerlitz (French liner)
has gone home. All well in the fleet—thanks be t,
Providence.

The late Russian fleet in the harbour of Sebastopol
consisted, before the battle of the Alma, of five ships
of the line of 120 guns each, eight of 84 guns, one of
80 guns, four frigates of 80 guns, and five corvettes
and brigs of 18 and 20 guns each. In all 108 sail,
mounting 2,200 guns.
Lord Panmure has intimated to Lord Hardinge
that two regiments of the Foreign Legion are now
entirely at his disposal for field service.
THE Moniteur de 1 'Armee compares the actions
which have led to the fall of Sebastopol with the
battle of Moskowa

The battle of Moskowa was fought on the 7th of Sep-
tember, 1812, that is to say, fortythree years all but a day
before the one that now occupies us. At both periods, the
forces in presence, along the entire line, were nearly the
same, since Napoleon had only 140,000 men to oppose to
160,000 Russians. Lastly, at Moskowa the attack was
directed against formidable positions, behind which the
Muscovite army had intrenched itself, after a continued
retreat from Smolensk, and these intrenchments bristled

with a numerous and formidable artillery. The principal
redoubt was carries by storm after a furious combat, which
decided the victory. The total amount of the losses sus-
tained by the French army was more than 28,000 men
disabled, of whom were nine generals Killed and thirty-
nine wounded. The Russians lost 50,000 men, Recoill-
ing to Colonel Boutourlin, and this, too, was the estimate
of Napoleon, when he visited the field of battle on the
bllowing day.
THE Trieste Zeitung states that during the battle
of the Tschernaya a large dog, belonging to Colonel
Metmaun, of the 73rd Regiment of the Line, break-
ing his chain, burst into the ranks of the combatants,
and, having saved the life of a sergeant and a private,
made three Russian prisoners. Though struck in
the foot by a bullet, the brave beast still continued
the contest, and, throwing himself upon a Russian
officer, hurled him to the ground, and detained him
there till he was captured by the French. After the
battle, the animal's leg was carefully dressed by a
surgeon, and it is said that he will receive a medal
as a reward for his fidelity and valour.
THE vestments worn by the Archbishop of Paris
and the clergy at the " Te Denm" at Notre Dame, on
Thursday last, were the identical robes which were
presented by the Emperor Napoleon I. to the clergy
of the cathedral at the baptism of the King of Rome.
A DETACHMENT, consisting of two hundred of the
Army Works Corps, as organised by Sir J. Paxton,
took their departure on Monday for the Crimea, by
the South-Eastern Railway to Dover, and will then
proceed to Marseilles and the overland route. The
men were loudly cheered on the departure of the
train by several hundred persons who had assembled
in the vicinity of the station. The train also carried
a vast number of artificers' tools, with several large
tents to accommodate sixty men each, made of strong
canvas, and other necessary articles for the comfort
of the men. This detachment will be followed by
250 others, all first-rate workmen, on the 25th of the
present month. Sir J. Paxton and many influential
gentlemen were present at the station to witness the
departure, and were evidently well satisfied with the
good spirits and satisfactory appearance of the men.

THE PRESS.

lortign 6ffrnsponbtnct.

FRANKFORT, September 16.
"L'AVENTURE de la Crimee " is the expression which
M. de Bismarck Schonhausen has hitherto been
wont to adopt in ridicule of the siege of Sebastopol
by the allies. The term of irony is not original, and
has been gathered from the pages of the Gazette
Nouvelle de Prune, or Journal de la Croix, the
official organ of the royal and Russian camarilla.
Henceforth this unworthy Prussian improper and
contemptible Russian proper must seek some other
word to suit the sympathies of Russian favoritism.
The question is not of the northern or of the southern
side of the town. Sebastopol, " toute entiere," in
the words of the Indipendance Beige, has fallen.
The prophecy of the Russian princess at Paris, that
the " virgin " fortress would outlast the century in its
untainted state, is nullified, and the citadel is reduced
to her own level, with honour unstained in each case.
It is in the nature of things that they should fulfil des-
tiny. What the effect may be on German politics is
matter for conjecture. _

The Duke of Saxe Cobourg Gotha has appealed to
Prussia and to Austria against the decision of the
Diet, which would constrain him to break his
oath to the Constitution, by authorising a return to
the " droits equestres " according to the law of the
Confederation prior to 1848. Both sovereigns have
refused to interfere, and have urged him to be passive
in his duty and obedience to the Diet, which, accord-
ing to M. de Buol and Manteuffel, has the power to
absolve princes from the constitutional oath delibe-
rately and solemnly given. This refusal of the King
of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria has been fol-
lowed, on the part of Austria, with a notice to
Germany that the Diet is to be reinstated in the
powers possessed before the reforms of 1848. Here
is the proof. The Lloyd of Pestb officially declares :
" Le gouvernement Autrichier a lintention de porter

prochainement devan t la haute Diete la question de
revision de la Constitution fiderale, dens lee seas des
propositions qui avaient déjà ete faites avant 1848."
Now, the revision of the federal Constitution mewls
simply that the reforms granted at the period of
1848, and which laws are now alike obligatory upon
the governor and the governed, shall be abrogated by
a Diet representing the sovranic princes alone, with-
out any interference by the governed. It is hardly
possible to conceive that Austria, with her ally of
Prussia, divided into two distinct parties, German
and Russian—with Hungary ready to rise at any
moment—with her own powerful Schlave population
directly opposed to her in favour of Russia—and with
a certain war in Italy, can be so utterly blind to her
interest of the hour as to seek an open conflict with
the German people? But so it is. And, to avenge
herself of the one source from whence the punish-
ment of despotic evil emanates, the official Gazette
Autrichienne of M. de Buol thus vents its displea-
sure :

England has been unsuccessful in making the Austrian
army her mercenaries; and as the idea of a pacific solu-
tion has already commenced in France, the policy of Eng-
land, alarmed thereat, holds up the revolutionary torch in
order to spread hatred and discord, and to finish the work
which was for a time checked in 1848. England may
decree laurels to Piedmont; Austria will be as little moved
thereby as by the hollow phrases of the English journals.
Austria, like the whole world, knows the value of British
faith and England's friendship, and that she is ever ready
to let slip her mad dogs upon those who refuse to hunt
for her.

The indignation of Austria at the substantial
incorporation of constitutional Sardinia with the
European system, and its treaty offensive and de-
fensive with England and France, can be well under-
stood. In Italy it is about to bear fruit, which fruit
will be speedily ripened by the risen sun of the
Western powers. Be it noted that "la pensie d'une
solution paciflque " in France is proclaimed at the
very moment of the fall of Sebastopol, and when the
heavy losses of the French, and their unflinching
gallantry and determination, are practical evidences
of a mood essentially not peaceful. Austria is deeply
sensible that the power of France on the Danube,
under any provision of peace, is about to be nationally
enlarged. For this there is no Austrian hindrance,
and "the material guarantee" will be held by
France in a mode even less palatable to Austria
than to Russia. It is the support., the frank and
honest support, of England to Imperial France that
has extracted from chagrined Austria the abuse of
England, that, if she dared, would be bestowed upon
the " gros bataillons " of Napoleon. The position of
the house of Lorraine is not moderately critical. If
it declare for the Western powers, then, and in that
case, the nationalities become instantly and practi-
cally Russian; per contra, a common cause with
Russia will make Hungary and Italy throw them.
selves upon the assistance and safeguard of Western
Europe.

899

The circular of Count Nesselrode accepts, uncon-
ditionally, the explanation of Austria officially signi-
fied upon the present complication of continental
policy. The words of Count Nesselrode, in speaking
tor his master, are significant- The aged Minister
remarks : " The Emperor Francis Joseph.cannot con-
template any chance combination of events that
would induce Austria to make war upon Russia.
Russia hastens to express her reliance upon his
word." In large accordance with the spirit and the
sense of the Nesselrode circular, M. de Benkendorf,
the military and Russian envoy at Berlin, assured
Count S—b--g, without any reserve, that the Czar
had long possessed and fully counted upon the word
of honour, solemnly and privately pledged by the
Emperor of Austria, that he would not, and that he
would never, join the Western powers in armed oppo-
sition to Russia, whatever might be the pressure of
circumstance—whatever might be the result- This
pledge was given before the Conferences of Vienna
took place ; and Lord John Russell has the satisfac-
tion of knowing that he played one of the most
derogatory parts that a political " rut ano "—in the
Italian sense—was ever called upon to enact and to
endure.

It is never a pleasant task to expose the absurdi-
ties of others ; when, however, such exposure may
afford a lesson and an example to what extent a
course of systematic wrongdoing may injure intellec-
tual perception, it becomes an act of morality and
necessity. In a conversation held at the house of a
cam atilla leader at Berlin, Count V. F. expatiated
freely and fully on the enormities of the French, as
national and natural enemies to European peace.
He advanced seriously, and in detailed explanation,
the opinion that when the " fontanelle de sang " in
the Crimea should have sufficiently exhausted
France and drained her resources, it would be a wise
and protective measure for Prussia and Germany, in-
cluding Austria, with their confederated army of
1,500,000 men, to aid Russia in dismembering the
Gallic kingdom. "D'abord," observed the Count
V. F., "la Bourgogne nous appartient, et ]'Alsace
aussi et la Lorraine, et le Luxembourg—pourquoi
pas ? Coute qui coute it faut absolument se defaire
de ce gredin d'Emporeur avec ces gros bataillons ; "
and we must place a large frontier kingdotn,'"la
Belge grandement allongie, par exempla," between
Germany and France. Now, these words were
uttered by a personage of high family, belonging to
a " maison princiere," and in the hearing of, and in
consentaneous agreement with, Messrs. De Stahl and
Niebuhr, the willing coadjutors of the King in the
interest of Russia—in fact, the leaders of "la Croix."
If the want of common sense be patent, not less so
is the animus that dictated the folly. It is clear the
will is not wanting to perfect the wish, and pervades,
without a single exception, the entire " parti de la
Croix."

This anecdote is a fact, and the words retailed were
uttered within ten days of the fall of Sebastopol.
It will now be for the heroes of "la Croix
Prussienne" to determine whether and when they
will undertake to encounter, aggressively, the heroes
of the Legion of Honour and of the Malakoff,
bearing in memory that the Napoleonic campaign
of 1814 was the act of Napoleon I. single-handed
against)Europe—the greatest military achievement on
record. Prussia and the allies were united and sup-
ported by England. At this present moment Prussia
is disunited, the nationalities are expectant and
rising, Italian, German, and Hungarian, and France
has the support of England against those who oppose
the just balance of power according to race, nation-
ality, and enlightenment. The solemn idiotcy, or the
deep crime, of the above conversation, propounded
seriously and with a view to results, suffices to
demonstrate the motives which direct the Cabinet of
Berlin. J. E. L.

SIENA, September 15.
WHEN valour, cool and determined, is on trial, and
when that trial has certified its truth, the estimation
resulting from the possession of such heroism as-
sumes a firm and respectful character. Passion,
from its volcanic impulse, may spur even the most
timid into a momentary display of courage, but the
evaporation of false spirit dispels the propulsive
force, and gradually reduces excitement to the abject
level of harmless inanity. In this wise may be dis-
tinguished the intrepid and intensified gallantry
of disciplined troops from that prurient ebullition of
violence that propels democrats and demagogues, and
incites them to do battle with the dagger of the
assassin rather than with the sword of the patriot
hero. The instruments of warfare exemplify the
nature of the combatants. The constitutional Italian
meets his enemy in broad day on the field of battle;
the Mazzinian republican waits for the night, dogs
his victim—politically guilty no doubt, but still a •
victim—and strikes him foully on the threshold of
his home. Prince Liclinowski, Field• Marshal Count

900

Lemberg, Count Latour, the Princess Windisch-
gratz, Count Rossi, &c., are cases in point. Silvio
Pellico, lJgo Foscolo, Ricciardi, and others, created by
their writings an impatience of wrong, that on one
hand brought into existence the brutal enormities of
republicanism, and on the other have led slowly but
safely to that resolve for emancipation which bas
thoroughly succeeded in establishing the constitu-
tional freedom of Sardinia.
The conduct of the Sardinian army at the battle
of the Tschernaya and the taking of Sebastopol has
done more towards rousing and consolidating the
energy of Italian liberalism than all the Mazzinian
manifestos with which the country has been sedu-
lously deluged. It may now be assumed, as a fact,
that in every town throughout Lombardy, Tuscany,
Rome, and Naples, the Sardinian king and the Sar-
dinian army are regarded as the future liberators of
the Italian peninsula. Whether Italy be simply, for
the future, a geographical expression, according to
the saying of Prince Metternich, and without national
importance, is a postulate that will be tritely solved.
The victory of the Tschernaya and the fall of Sebas-
topol have had the instant effect of causing a deser-
tion of the Hungarian and Lombard soldiers in large
numbers to join dill Anglo Italian corps at Novara.
A well informed journal, not adverse to Austria, con-
veys the following intelligence :
Nous aeons mentione it y a quelques jours la rentrie
subite, dans la vine de Milan, du corps &armee Autrichien
camp& u Somina. Il parait qua la dislocation du camp de
Somme, et le deplacemeut des troupes, dolt i:tre unique-
merit attribue b la crainte de voir deserter les soldata Hon•
groin, dont quelqu'uns avaient *leju pris le court chemin de
Somma 1 Novara, pour aller s'engager dans la legion Anglo-
Italienne.

This is a cautious mode of mentioning an evil that
cannot be kept back from public notice. But the
journal in question refrains from relating that
several soldiers and even some officers have been
shot privately, "pour encourager les autres." De-
tachments have been sent out under picked officers
to Resto Calende—Somma, Legnano, Nerviano,
Bufalora, Rosate, Bereguardo,—on the line of the

Tien,* to Pavia; with plenary power to shoot
every suspected recruit they may secure. The
powers are large and are largely used. In the mean•
time the troops are withdrawn into Milan, and not a
soldier is allowed to pass the gates. Notwithstanding
these precautions, the boats on the upper part of the
Lago Maggiore land men each night above Palanza,
from whence they cross the mountains to Orta, and
on to Gozzana and Ghente to Novara. To increase
the feeling in disfavour of Austria, M. de Bruck is on
the point of imposing fresh taxes in Lombardy to
replenish the dilapidated finances of the worn•out
empire. "Quem Deus vult perdere," Sac.
Nothing could be more happy for the cause of
Italian independence than the withdrawal of the
Minister of Sardinia from Florence. It is not for
the Government of the Grand Duke to sit in judg-
ment on the antecedents of M. Casati, for if a refusal
to receive an energetic constitutionalist be conceded
to the Tuscan Government, it must follow that the
Ministers and the partisans of Victor Emmanuel
would be one and all ostracised. This diplomatic
embarrassment originates with the Jesuit confessor
of the Grand Duke, who persists in advising his weak
prince, the greatest Jesuit in Italy, not to accept any
envoy from Turin who shall have taken a prominent
part in the suppression of the monasteries.
At Rome, the Campagna is in the possession and
occupation of the brigands. They have the command
of the markets, and take toll or tithe of everything
before the " fattori " and " contadini " can bring the
produce into the town. Impunity of depredation,
and in many cases of crime, has been acquired by
these brigands from a league—a serious and solemn
compact with the Jesuit party—against the constitu-
tionalists. The Jesuits accept Mazzini upon his own
terms for their present purpose, and consent to adopt
his assassins as a Papal guard. A deputation from
the municipality of Rome, in remonstrance, was sum-
marily dismissed with reproach by the Pope. When
the Holy Father appeals to the arm of the assassin
as a safeguard to him and to his cause, the value, the
purity, and the truth of such a titular vicegerent of
God, and of such a cause, may be safely deduced.
M. T. A.

THE firstnews of the capture of Sebastopol reached
Stockholm by way of St. Petersburg. On the 11th
the despatches from Paris confirmed that great
event. Great (says the Moniteur) was the joy of the
population, and, as the people possess more feeling
than diplomacy, they did not fear to give vent to it.
Many of the merchantmen at anchor in the port
were decorated with flags. At night many of the
houses were illuminated, and crowds proceeded to a
garden of public amusement which had announced
that, in honour of the happy news of the fall of
Sebastopol, the grounds would be brilliantly
urinated.
THE HANG° MASSACIIF..—Dr. Easton, surgeon,
lt.N., and Mr. Sullivan, master's-assistaut, who were
captured in the Cossack's boat at Hango, were ex-
-0144114 at ()dose QU the 48th wst,

TIDE PRESS.

prtigu an 4 gototal alnttiligente.

FRANCE.

The Emperor and Empress of the French visited
on Monday the wounded soldiers from the East now
at Reuil. His Majesty distributed several crosses
among those brave men.
Vice-Admiral Bruat, Commander-in• Chief of the
Naval Forces of France in the East, is raised to the
rank of admiral.

The Semaphore of Marseilles states that the taking
of Sebastopol has certainly caused to be suspended
the sending into the Crimea of the park of siege guns,
but by no means the sending of field artillery and
troops. Several detachments of hospital aNsistants,
to the number of about 400, arrived two days ago at
that port by railway en route for the Crimea.
Vessels continue almost daily to leave the ports
of France with additional troops and stores for the
Crimea.

The King of Sardinia was expected in Paris on
Sunday last, but his visit has been postponed till the
beginning of next month, when, it iii said, he will
come accompanied by the Chevalier Massimo
d'Azeglio. Count Cavour, the President of the
Council, will join the King later. His Majesty will
proceed from Paris to London, as at first intended.
The Industrial Exhibition will remain open till
the 26th of November.

M. Erdan, the author of " La France Mystique,"
has been sentenced by the Tribunal of Correctional
Police to eight days' imprisonment and 100 f. fine for
making some remarks in that work reflecting on the
Catholic religion. The printer and publisher were
condemned also, but in mitigated penalties, the
former to pay 100 f., and the latter 40f.
The monthly return of the Bank of France, as
made up to Thursday week, exhibits important re-
sults, the most serious feature being the diminution
of upwards of two millions sterling in the coin and
bullion. The total amount of bullion held by the
Bank is now only eleven millions and a half. Last
month this item showed an increase of 966,1001.
The heads of "discounts" and Treasury deposits
were largely swelled last month by the operation of
the French loan, and now exhibit a great reaction.
On the whole, the position of the Bank is proved to
be much less strong, and indications of approaching
tightness in the French money market are afforded.
At the same time the heavy amount of the advances
on French Government stocks and railway shares
shows that considerable speculation is afloat. A new
security—the shares of the company of French clip.
pers—has been brought out on the Bourse and well
received.

The price of bread was on Saturday raised again
in Paris two sous the loaf of two kilogrammes. This
is the second rise in the course of the present year,
the price heretofore having been maintained on
grounds of public policy at a rate lower than the
natural price, and the city making up the difference
to the bakers. It is still lower than the price the
corn averages would indicate.
The Municipal Council of Orleans has voted
unanimously the creation of an alimentary society, to
give food to the poorer classes at cost prices. The
mayor of Amiens has lately sent in a report on the
same subject to the municipal council of that town,
recommending the adoption of a similar plan.
GERMANY.

Immediately after receiving the intelligence co! the
fall of Sebastopol, the Emperor of Austria ordered
his representatives at the Courts of St. James and
the Tuileries to present his warmest congratulations
to Queen Victoria and the Emperor Napoleon.
Reports concerning the state of the King of
Prussia's health of an unfavorable character have
been for some time put forward without meeting
any contradiction. They now assume a much graver
form, and there are speculations built on the pro-
pects of the throne becoming vacant, which point to
better security for the stability of Central Europe
than the wavering conduct of Frederick William has
of late been calculated to afford.