The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-10-09 00:00:00

FOREIGN INT ELLII4ENCE.

ITALY.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
Oct:
. The proceedings of the present Sardinian Par-
liament, and the opening address of the Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Count Cavour, are of such
importance, that I am certain the.principal points
of that minister's speech have already appeared
in the English journals. It is more than probable
that many of those who have hastily read that
studied Ministerial -address, which was as mach,
if not more, intended for the mists of Europe
than the deputies of the Assenibly, passed the
same over Withont intich attention to
many of the most important points, which I now
propose in a few words to bring back to the
memory of your readers in a plain, straightforward
Manner, so as to be understood, but without run-
. ning with the popular mania of jiidgiig too
hastily onlythe superficial eliaraCter of the Italian
qtestion. Conk CaVoili stated to the Assembly
that the beginning of the present movement was
commenced by Carlo Alberto, and since whose
death has been unceasingly protected by the
Government of the King. It is therefore clear
from this assertion that the Government of Victor
Emmanuel has been secretly and "cliligetitly
working for the last twelve years to krest Lom-
bardy and Venice frcni Austria, dethrone the
Dukes of Central 'ltaly, the' reigning Sovereign
of the 'two Sicilies, and strip from the Pope the
Pontifical States, all of which are now (with the,
exception of Venice and Rome) to be incorporated
under the Crown of the House of Savoy. This
is, as I have just said, a plain, straightforWard
manner of putting the real 'filets before "your
readers, because it is free from the alloy of cant
and diplomatic sophistry. Was there no ether
means to be adopted, for the salvatimi of Italy
than the dethronement Of Pra'ii fsh. tilll the
usurpation of the Marches aid Umbria ? Was
there net the slightest hope" that, after the
campaigh a 1859 and the annexation of the
central provinces and the Romagnas to Sardinia,
making her mistress of half the peninsula, and
more than a match for Francis 11. and the Pope,
with the moral and military support of France
by her side, that the King of Naples and his
Holiness would be obliged to introduce such reforms
as would approach the constitution of riodotofit
Let us ask, were not those States kept in continual
agitation by the intrignes otthe SeVel'ationarY party
vichpreclucled those adVenithehts from introdUc-
any Chaise in their laVss, and was It not t `the_
interest of the RevelitiOniStS, in 64 aliVe the
agitation of these States 'arid itfiresent in the
darkest coloneisViry act 'd the Governments, but
which we. have teen equalled if not surpassed
daring the short existence 'of the Republican
Ministries of Sicily, and would be infinitely
eclipsed in cruelties, if they .possessed the same
absolute powers as the Governments of Francis
IL .and Pio Nono ? Another paragraph of Count
Cavour's speech says " That as Ministers. Of a
Prince who is free Ihnt.eVery persdnAailittion,
who has consecrated his sV7di:a alld life to the
grand work of
,restoring Italy to the Italians, we
most firmly declare iii his name, that whatever
may, be the vote of the people, it shall be
religlgtsly respected." It would. be almost mad-
ness to doubt, the pure intentions of the 1?e
Galantuomo, but we cannot forget that we are
all men, and that ambition is one of the pretto-
minant vices of mankind, sortietimo Mere pro-
minent in the zeal of Minc.l)t 'f, than with their
royal masters: With reference to the vote by
universal snffrage, I put that entirely out of the
question, as we have already had enough of that
in the last comedy of Nice and Savoy. Let any
man ask Garibaldi if he is satisfied with the vote
of Nice, or persuaded that the people were not
tampered with by the swarms of ,French agents
spread in every hole and corner of that P
The Count asks a question amid ieoe-8 to it him-
self. He demands with an that mock solemnity
for which he is so notorious, " What will be the
result of that vote ? The reply will be in the
electoral urn." Why, Cavour perfectly knows
already the result of the vote. My only surprise
is that the solemn comic face of the speaker, with
a wink of the eye to his colleagues when he
uttered those words, did not excite loud laughter:
Then follow these words, ".As Italians, we.excleit4
desire that the inhabitants of the provinces not
yet united will not act differently from those of
Central Italy, bat, with the same enthusiasm de-
clare the Unity of the peninsula under the ,consti-,
tutional sceptre of Victor Emmanuel." Count
Cavour and his agents will not be less busy in
Sicily and Naples, in order to secure their
triumph, than the Emperor of the Pittioli. and
his police agents and others *ere in Savoy
and Nice. I now come to a most important part
of Count Cavour's speech, which says : " Italy is
at last fret, with the exception of unhappy
Venice. With respect to this most noble province
of the Peninsula, Parliament is acquainted with
our thoughts, which were clearly expreased in a
recent diplomatic document. We judge it pru-
dent not to begin war with Austria .Sgailist the
almogt unanimous wish of Europe. We who are
the daily, and certainly not indifferent spectators
to the cries of the Venetian people, do not
abandon their cause ; but we repute it more
effications to serve them by first rendering Italy
powerful." • Which, in plainer language, means,
and which of course will be interpreted by the
Austrian. Government in their true sense, that at
present the forces of Victor Emmanuel are not
sufficiently strong to cope with the formidable
legions of Austria; but as soon as her naval and
military strength is properly organised, and the
internal disaffections of the political factions
calmed down, Count Cavour will easily find out
the means to commence hostilities with the Em-
peror of Austria, despite the remonstrances of the .
other Powers. I must now go back to the above
quoted words,— We judge it prudent not to
.begin
war with Austria against the almost unanimous
wish of Europe. • Then some one of the Powers
is indifferent, or rather would wish Piedmont at
once to throw down the gauntlet to Austria.
Does the gain of England, Prussia, Russia, Spain,
or any of the smaller Powers, depend on the
triumphant success of Piedmont in such a war ?
Would either of these Powers take up arms to
assist Piedmont against Austria ? Does not the
insatiable and astute ambition of France justify
us in coming to the conclusion that the almost
unanimous wish of Europe points to France as'
being the exception, and which we all know
would be the only power that is certain to reap
any advantage by again interfering in the affairs
of Italy ? Count Cavour further says that he is
certain the nations and cabinets which' are now
opposed to any hostile declaration on the
part of Piedmont towards Austria, will in
the end be favourable to the same, or '
words which mean the : same thing, as being
the only means of finally settling the Italian
question, and for ever putting an .end to the era
of war and revolution in the South of Europe.
Upon the same principle, Fiance 'br any other
ambitious power jealous of England, might orga-.
nise revolutionary committees, and fish out from
the Continental cafés and wine shops swarms of
political adventurers, ever ripe for disorder and
mischief, and ship them off to some of our colonies,
or despatch them to every province, city., and
borough of Ireland, to stir up the Ribbon societies,
and spread discontent and revolution in every•
part of that ebuntry; then back up the same by
an armed assistance, composed of the dregs of the
Continent, and afterwards calmly turn round and
say to England: The best means of putting an end
to these disorders and revolution is to throw up i
that country, and let the people chose by universal
suffrage the government most genial to the character
of the people. I can just bring to my mind a faint
idea of the frightful spectacle that would ensue
should such a principle spread itself among the
nations of Europe. Rome, like Venice, we are
present,told y Cavour, is to be abandoned for the
consequence of supreme reasons
which oblige us to respect the city where the
head of the church holds his seat, but which,
by-and-bye, the minister hopes to obtain by the
force of moral conviction and the lasting interests
of Catholicism. The Allgerneine Zeitung, arrived
this morning, states that there is not the slightest.
discord between Garibaldi, Cavour, and Louis
Napoleon (the invariable title given him by the
German prints). The pretensions of Garibaldi
relative to Venice and Rome, are physically
impossible iu the actual condition of Piedmont ;
but present events open a splendid move for the
game of Cavour, who now wishes to persuade
the diplomacy of Europe of his desire to put an
end to the revolution, but which is no more nor
no less than to give time for the coming struggle,
.as well as a justification for the entry of the Pied-
montese into the Neapolitan States. Presuming
that Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and the Emperor of
France are perfectly agreed uponthe future events
to be pursued with reference to Rome and Venice,
will the hot-headed republicans now congre-
gated. at Naples be contented to abandon their
march against those cities and the brilliant open-
ing such a course would afford for their ambition
and personal interests ? What becomes of Gad-
baldi's last proclamation to the people of Palermo
refusing the annexation of Sicily and Naples
until he declared from the heights of the Quirinal
the entire liberation of every
province within the
Italian Peninsula ? Can a man like Garibaldi be
guilty of such deception, or lend himself to the
deceit of others ? or does it mean that Garibaldi
has been persuaded to abandon for the present
his " programme," and recruit his strength
during the winter months, to commence again
his daring Operations on the other side of the.
Mincio or on the shores of the Adriatic? These
questions and the answer to Cavour'
only be revealed by the magic wansdspeech can
of diplo-
macy, which will probably come into action at
the approaching meeting to be held at Warsaw.
Lord John Russell's note to Sir James Hudson
still continues to occupy the journals of this city,
some taking the same view of that decument as
the Daily News, declaring that is as much an
admonition to Count de Rechberg as to Cavour,
reminding the former that the
i principles of non-
intervention will be
rigorously supported by
England, and the latter not to be so stupid as to
rashly run into danger with' his eyes shut. Other
journals assert that the object of England's warm
support of the principle of non-intervention, and