The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-12-04 00:00:00

AN APPEAL TO THE LAMES.

The following letter has been sent to the papers
and deserves all the publicity which can be given

to it :

Out of 60,000 men, women, anti children engaged in
the manufacture of ribands at Coventry and the neigh-
bouring hamlets, 40,000 are at the present moment
unemployed, and thousands are positively starving.
This state of things is not occasioned by the French
treaty, because the French weavers are almost as badly
off, but the fashion of wearing hats instead of bonnets,
and trimming dresses with other materials than riband
is doubtless the cause. It would be useless to ask the
ladies to excommunicate the hats, and equally futile to
request them to trim their robes exclusively with
ribands; but, if all who read this, will at once purchase
even a yard of ribbon, they will assist in creating a
demand for the article, and procure employment for
thousands of starving families, to assist whom is the
object of _ T. C.
_ _

Meetings are being held to devise means to assist the
starving operatives, and Lord .Leigh, the Lord-Lieu-
tenant of the country; is using all his influence in favour
of the appeal.

GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY COMPANY Or CANADA.—
Traffic for the week ending November 10th, 1860, and
corresponding week in 1859 :
Passengers, &c. Merchandise, &e. Total Miles
Date. No. Amount. Tons. Amount. sterling. open.
1860 15733 £5451 6 2 15054 £11366 12 0 E 16817 18 2 970
1859 14932 4504 7 6 12171 7034. 4 0 11538 11 6 880

Incr 801 946 18 8 28831 422 8 0 5279 6 8 90
Gross receipts for 19 weeks, from July 1, 1860—E265,480 0 7/
Ditto corresponding period last year 195,007 1 7

£0,47219 Oa
BANKRUPTCY COURT.—In re J. IV. Welch : This
bankrupt, a cOachbuilder at Nantwich, appeared yester-
day on his last examination. Air. Tyrer, on the part of
the assignees, offered no opposition, and the bankrupt
passed. The certificate sitting was appointed for the
3rd January.—ln re Elizier Timewell : This bankrupt,
a cartowner at Kirkdale, also came up on his last exami-
nation. -Mr. Tyrer said that the assignees would', not
consent that the bankrupt 'should pass till they had
perused the will of the bankrupt's late father, ,for they
were given to understand that the bankrupt had an
interest therein which. had not been set forth in the
balance-sheet. Mr. Copeman, on the part of the bank-
_ ,

Increase

rupt, undertook to furnish the will ; acid the last exami-
nation was ordered to stand adjourned to the 17th
December.—ln re John Nicholson: This was an appli-
cstion for certificate by the bankrupt, a currier'in Liver-
pool. Mr. Collins, who represented the assignees,
briefly examined the bankrupt, and afterwards addressed
the court, contending that the bankrupt had been guilty
of reckless trading, and had carried on businesss long
after he knew he was insolvent. Mr. Tyrer replied or.
behalf of the bankrupt, and asked for a certificate with-
out any suspension. His Honour said he could hardly
assent to that, but the certificate would be suspended
four months, with protection, and when granted. to, be
of the second class.

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. —The monthly meeting of
the council was held yesterday, W. J. Tomlinson, Esq.,
president, in the chair.—lt was referred to the commit-
tee on commercial law to consider the desirableness of
memorialising Government .for a consolidation and
amendment of the acts relating to stamp duties. The
same committee was requested to report whether it
would be advisable to ask Government to introduce a
measure for the registration of partnerships.—lt was
referred to the customs committee' to consider and
report by what means a substitute may be provided
for the revenue derived from the bonding and
other charges imposed by the Customs .Acts (1860).
—The president reported that he had attended the
meeting of the Social Science Association,. and that the
principal subject discussed was international general
average, upon which certain resolutions were passed.
A measure embodying those is in course of preparation.
—Consular Invoices to Hayti: A letter from the
Foreign-office was read, in reply to the memorial from
the chamber, intimating that instructio,2s had been sent
to .the British Consul-General to untie the Haytien
Government to . repeal tlio reeent decree upon this
subject.—New Tariff of Charges for Cartage : A letter
from the town-clerk's office was read, 'asking the chamber
to ascertain the opinion of the public as to' whether it
is desirable to adopt a scale of charges, or to leave it
entirely open to parties to make their own bargains.
The opinion of the council was in favour of a tariff being
settled, and the same opinion was expressed, by most of
the associations consulted by the chamber.
IMPORTANT TO SHIP AGENTS.—At the County Court
yesterday, before Mr. J. K. Blair, Messrs. Kenworthy
and Co., the eminent carriers, summoned Mr. John M.
Gladstone, of the firm of Gladstone, Holden,. and Co-.,
ship agents, &c., for 14s. 10d., under the following cir-
cumstances Noirember, 1858, it was stated by Mr.
Rixton, on -behalf of the plaintiffs, Messrs. Gladstone,
Holden, and Co. opened a monthly account with them
for the delivery of goods for transmission to Wales by
the Rhyl steamer Lion. Thirty-three monthly bills
were settled—in fact, all accounts were paid up to the
month of August last, when the bill of 14s. 10d., now
claimed, was repudiated by the defendant •on the ground
that he and his partners had acted as agents only to the
reputed owner, Mr. James Napier, who had become a
bankrupt. Previous to that date, •Messrs. Gladstone
and Co., it was asserted, had never disputed their
liability, and the plaintiffs were entirely ignorant of the
alleged fact that Mr. Napier was, and Messrs. Glad-
stone were not, the owner or owners of the steamer.
Mr. Gladstone, in his defence, reiterated the assertion'
that the firm of which he was a member were only
agents in the concern, and stated that it was almost
impossible that the plaintiff should not have been aware
that such was the case, inasmuch as the advertise-
ments in the Daily Times and in the Daily Post
repeated daily, and bills published and distributed
by the thousand monthly, had led every one at all
interested in, or associated with, shipping o•
and coasting
steamers to a knowledge of it. The plaintiff, on theb
other hand, produced a Daily Post of the month of
August, containing au advertisement in which the
defendants' name appeared, not as an agent, but, in a
manner, leading the reader to understand that they were
the owners. Mr. Gladstone remarked that that was the
printer's mistake, and that agents generally were not
responsible for the debts of the principals in any
.case.
His Honour deferred judgment until Friday morning.
IRELAND FOR THE IRISH.—In the Teutonic-hall,
last night, a meeting of the Liverpool Irishmen was
held, for the purpose of taking into consideration •
measures to effect an object, to the accomplishment of.
which Daniel O'Connell had devoted his genius
during a long lifetime, and to attain which many
deluded but gifted sons of Erin were found.,
seconding the arch-agitator's efforts in the fruitless
struggle. The repeal of the Union has long been a
prolific theme of song, story; and oration for the melli-
fluous talkers. of Ireland; and, judging from the
harangues delivered in the ball last night, by sonic
of the "hereditary bondsmen" resident
,in Liver-
pool, it would seem that theglbrious subject of "regale"
was not yet exhausted. The meeting was very .well
attended by a large number of
by fir.
Irish-
women, and 'was presided over
who 1 n
oan i
t the energetic
thespeecb,oipneed the ro
course
pointedotlrvhciellihnegs
count-
lessfiow I.‘.worfongtisie h"
etahratt had inflicted osnea::,thaeadfiranst
'unanimously. The
earth, first berstgen infl
gem of t
unfailing panacea for considered,Twhhrieche,relsioleatioas.were p
wroapsotshede
repeal of the Union.
to the meeting, and carried almost kinani
purport of these
Repeal should be conferredinotionso•ans
tthlemltrtilsihe
ngarteiaota b;boon oiff
two of the enthusiastic orators de.-.
a thatglarden orious Marathonr r Oyf,
where Smith O'Brien led on the brave patriots of '4B government, this desidetratounien
orNvere not conceded by the British
itcioncabobf
Ps
teot
death or glory—would again emblazon the military'
annals of Ireland; and showed forth to the world that4.B to
cilrareleadadtiatthret repetition
it is not alone at Rome and Spoleto the chivalry and
prowess of Ould Ireland can distinguish itself. The
usual rhetoric and rhodomontade were indulged in
against the Sassenach enemy ; and flowery (or rather
cauliflowery) grandiloquence in' praise of the unfading
glories of the Emerald Isle was let run waste at a
earful rate.

BRITISH AND AMERICAN COMMERCE.

(From the iVew York, Herald, 110r..21.

MR. LINDSAY, M.P., BEFORE THE . CHAMBER, OF
COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR. THE
REGULATION OF TRADE —VIEWS OF THE PRE-
SIDENT AND CABINET, LORD LYONS AND MR.
LINDSAY, &C. •
An interview of a very interesting and highly import-
ant character took place yesterday between Mr. William
S. Lindsay, M.P., and= the Executive Committee of the
Chamber of Commerce. Peletiah Perit presided over
the meeting, and the. British Consul and many promi-
nent merchants of the city attended.
Mr. Lindsay informed the committee that he arrived
in the country about two months ago, since which time
he has visited the principal cities of the United States
and Canada, and especially the seaports of both countries.
While in Canada he had an interview with the Cana,
dian Board of Trade, and discussed questions of much
interest to the commercial public. During his stay in
America, he said, he has received much valuable infor-
mation which is useful to himself, and which he would
endeavour
to make useful to his country. He hoped,
when he made his views well known in England; people
there would be better able to understand America and
her citizens than they do at present. After having
visited the principal cities to which he" had referred, he
then visited Washington, where he spent last week,
and was received in a manner highlywh gratifying to him,
by the President and the Cabinet are now engaged
in considering subjects of the deepesto interest to the
commerce of America and Great Britain. had also
an interview with Mr. Cobb,prin .ewiphioessittalvteedlyteodhitfmthat he
would desire to have the his,, views
put in writing, and also the best plan that su„ suggested
itself to him .for carrying out those principles.
Lindsay then read the following paper before the l.com-
mittee

SUBSTANCE OF ARTICLES TO BE EMBODIED IN. A CON-
VENTION OF COMMERCE BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN
AND THE UNITED STATES.

1. Liability of Shipowners.—To secure national treat-
ment for the vessels of the respective countries, so that
the extent of liability may be limited and governed by
the law of the country in which the case is tried.
2. Rules of the Road and Lights at Sea.—To obtain
similarity or identity in the practice and in the laws of
Great Britain and of the United States, with respect to
the rules and precautions to be observed by the vessels
of the respective countries, in order to avoid collisions
at sea.
3. Offences Committed on the High Seas.—To make
provision for rendering more easy and more certain the
punishment of crimes committed on the high seas on
board a ship of one country when that ship arrives in
the ports of the other country.
4. Settlement of Disputes between Masters and. Crews.
—To arrange so that the disputes which so often arise
in the ships of the respective countries, may be promptly
settled on the arrival of these ships at the ports of either
country.
5. Desertion of Seamen.—To agree that the courts of
the respective countries where the ships shall arrive,
shall have summary jurisdiction over the seamen of
the respective countries, who violate a contract into
which they have voluntarily entered, and desert from
their ships.
6. Shipping Offices.—To establish shipping offices at
the leading seaports of the United States similar to
those now in operation in Great Britain, and to grant
to British shipmasters the use of these offices, provided
Great Britain grant to American shipmasters the use of
her offices, from which they are now excluded.
Could not the same code of signals be adopted by the
ships of the respective countries ? Would it not be well
for both countries to have one meridian for longitude ?
The principles named in the accompanying paper No.
1 might be carried into practice by clauses in a conven-
tion somewhat as follows :-
1. As to the Liability of Shipowners.—The ships of
Great Britain and of the, United States respectively shall
be placed upon an equal footing as to liability for loss
of life or personal injury, or loss or damage to ships,
boats or goods; and accordingly the liability of the
owners or such ships upon the claims made in the courts
of either country in respect of any such loss, injury or
damage, shall be limited in like manner and to the same
extent, in each case; and the mode of procedure in refer-
ence thereto shall be as provided by the laws of the
country where the claim is made.
2. As to the Rule of the Road and Lights at Sea.—
The ships of Great Britain and the United States,
respectively, shall adopt one and the same rule of the
road (as may be hereafter agreed upon) for their guidance
when meeting at sea, and the ships of the Unite States
shall adopt the system of lights, or signals at sea, now
established in Great Britain. The courts, therefore, of
either country, in determining whether a vessel which
has caused or suffered damage is in fault, shall be guided
by these rules, and the adoption or otherwise of the sys-
tem of lights or signals which have been agreed upon.
3. As to Offences Committed on the High Seas.—ln
the case of heinous offences (named in the Extradition
treaty now in force between the two countries) it is
agreed that power shall, on the representation of the
Minister or Consul of the respective countries, be given
to the federal courts of the United States, and to the
courts of Great Britain, to apprehend the offenders on
proof being given, such as would justify his committal
in either country. But such prisoner can only be
delivered to the Minister or Consul of his country, to
be sent home for trial, by an order of the Secretary of
State of the country where the prisoner was arrested.
In all offences of a less heinous nature, not included in
the Extradition treaty, the power of summary jurisdic-
tion shall, on the representation of the Minister or
Consul representing the country to which the ship
belongs in which the offender serves, be given up to
the federal courts of the United States and to the courts
of Great Britain.
4. As to the Settlement of Disputes between Masters
and Crews.—ln respect to all claims and demands by
owners . and masters; officers or seamen, against each
other, if any ship belonging to either country in the
ports of the other, which shall have arisen since such
ship last sailed from any port or place of the country to
which she belongs, and which shall not have been pre-
viOusly heard and. adjudicated upon; or in respect.of any
breach or neglect of duty, or non-performance of any
contract, all such eases shall (but only on the represen-
tation of the Minister or Consul of the country to which
such ship belongs) be heard, tried, and dealt with in a
summary way by the courts of either country where the
ship at the time may be.
5. As to Desertion of Seamen.—ln cases where sea-
men who have voluntarily engaged themselves to the
ships of the respective countries, or apprentices who
have been duly indentured to the owners or masters of
these ships, shall desert in the ports of either country,
the magistrates of the respective countries shall, on the
application of the Minister or Consul of the country to
which the ship belongs, grant a warrant for the appre-
hension of the deserter, and, on due proof of the deser-
tion, cause the seaman or apprentice to be sent back to
the ship from which he deserted; and in case of refusal,
shall inflict such punishment as the law of the country
where the offence was committed would have inflicted
upon the subject of that country for a similar offence.
6. As to Shipping Offices—The government of Great
Britain shall make provision for extending to American
shipowners the privilege of shipping crews for their ves-
sels in British ports, on the same conditions as the crews
of British ships are now engaged, provided the govern-
ment of the United States establish somewhat similar
offices at the" principal seaports of the Union, and grant
to British shipowners similar privileges; and it shall not
be lawful for engagements to be entered into with sea-
men of either country in the ports. of the other, unless
through the medium of these shipping offices,, or by
shipping masters duly licensed by the government of the
respective countries.
Here Mr:tindiay-made w few remarks in reference to
what he considered the coasting trade, but he added very
little to what is contained in the. following paper, which
he read evidently as a connection with the preceding
I one :

1. Coasting Trade Proper.—That is to say between
port and port of any State, or between port and, port of
contiguous. States.
The President, while speaking on the subject of the
coasting trade, remarked that as his term of office would
soon expire; he could not promise anythingin its behalf.
He was willing, he said, to discuss the question, however,
and seemed astonished when he heard of the extent to
which American ships were employed in the dolonies of
England
2. _Lake Trade.—Between port and port on the lakes
or inland waters.
3. The trade between the Eastern and Western ports
of the • United States; as, for instance, between New
York and California, either around Cape Horn or vid
Aspinwall and Panama.
Mr. Blunt here called attention to the fact that the
_ .

shipowners of the United States had sent a memorial to
the British Parliament to place lights on the coast of its
territory on the Caribbean Sea. Great Britain had only
two lights in that quarter, and yet the coast extended
over 420 miles. He knew there was a desire in Eng-
land to conform, to the wishes of this country, and by
placing additional lights on that coast she could further
the interests of commerce throughout the world.
Mr. Lindsay then resumed the reading of the paper.
These are the papers, gentlemen, which fpurposed sub-
mitting to you to-day. I left a copy with the President,
and also a copy with the Secretary of State, and they
informed me that they would lay those papers before the
Cabinet at Washington. In a subsequent interview with
the President he informed me that they had taken the
papers into immediate consideration, and referred them
also to the Secretary of the Treasury, who requested that
a special meeting of this board might be called, before
which they 'night be also considered, so that the mer-
cantile community of the country might take them into
their consideration, and if any points were not taken
into acCount,. which might have escaped their notice
or mine, they might not be omitted in any action
which might be taken by your government or mine
on those which are embodied in these papers. I am
happy to say that when I called on General Cass after-
wards, he informed me that he was pleased to say
that so far as the Cabinet considered the questions
which I had the honour to bring before their netice, my
opinions met their views, and that. they considered that
they removed in a great measure the difficulties that
stood in the way of the settlement of the questions
which arose as difficulties in regard to these matters
between the American Government and the British
Government ; that the other questions were questions
new to them, but that they entertained them so favour-
ably that it is their intention, by the mail of next week,
to send in the very words what I have read to you,
nearly to the British Government, 'so that when the
measures come before the Government of Great Britain
for action upon them. they may be prepared to act upon
them intelligently. I also laid those papers before Lord
Lyons, who will also enter into immediate communica-
tion with our Government, so that our Government may
be prepared to receive the communication from your
Government. Therefore, so far as I can hear, there are
no difficulties in the way of the settlement of those
questions in the present year. I hope there will be no
obstacles thrown in the way by our Government, and if
there arc I will on my return endeavour to remove them
so far as I. have any influence. • This is the way the
question now stands. It stands in a way to be settled,
hope, to the interest of the great commercial commu-
nities of both countries. I consider myself a perfectly
free agent. I came here on a visit of pleasure, and
having that amount. of leisure time which every traveller
• can turn to advantage,
doing good for I thought I might spend it in
others. When I first came
here, I Considered myself free to act as I
pleased, but having been received by the PreSident and
Cabinet and entertained by them, and having submitted
those papers, I feel that I am not authorised to say one
• word more than is contained in the papers which I have
laid before you on these subjects, without the sanction
.1 of your government and that of Lord • Lyons, as the

representative of ours. In my interview with Lord
Lyonsi said I had great faith in public opinion—l said
that in questions so important as those it might be im-
portant that the public, both in England and America
might be informed on them, so that we might have
public opinion in England and America on the views
that strike me; and that, though he and I considered
those views all that were necessary, there might be
others connected with them which did not occur to us ;
but by having public opinion we would not only remind
you of those, but if our views were wrong we might be
corrected. I aatedstlie same t 6 the President, and lam
happy to say. that I have the sanction of both—l might
say the desire of both—that they should be made
known. Therefore, lam laying my opinions before this
Chamber to-day with the sanction of both your govern-
ment and the representative of my own.

Mr. Lindsay now ceased speaking, and the chairman
of the committee remarked to him that there are
differences of opinion on the subjects of " signals" and
the rule of the road.

Mr. Lindsay then read over the sections of his papers
which referred to these subjects, and showed that they
were merely suggestions, which would no doubt be acted
upon to the best mutual advantage when considered duly
by both governments. In my interview with the Presi-
dent 1 informed him that I would be candid, and give
him the views of those mercantile men with whom I had
conversed in the various cities of the United States with
regard to the opening of the coasting trade. At the
North the people interested in commerce were opposed
to the opening of the coasting trade ; but their views, I
believed, had :undergone considerable change from the
effects-of discussing the various questions arising out of
the subject. The President stated to me that, though
he was not in favour of opening the coasting trade, he
had-read my statements on the subject in the papers, to
my 'astoniihment, as I expected his time would be too
much Oceupied.by other important matters to permit
of his giving much attention to what I might state in
reference to these subjects. He added, that he consi-
dered I was .already aware that he was opposed to the
opening of the trade, but that he was, nevertheless,
quite willing to hear me, and entertain my views.
I told him that in' the Western States the majority
of the commercial community favoured the opening of
the coasting trade to the competition of British ships, ;
but in no place vas the opposition to it so great as in
the Northern Atlantic cities. The press, too, though
disposed to discuss the question with much liberality,
were adverse as a general.rule to the throwing open of
the trade. Their desire seemed to be merely to ascer-
tain the truth upon it. Mr. Lindsay then continued to
say,rd iyoe
drt
snh:aaiattt
nt aenddl
necessity
;I:iassastt
teiyt
tvhelel
would
read as folio :—ln regard to the second division of this
trade
rviaonsupc
nlrldeaeociesetohe
mteohrpfe
ew parties
traffica.etsrhet ie enn inter-
ested
re-
move
was
so very
dent to wait till necessity forced a change. In regard to
frankly aln irnboakapj
the third, I did not find a single intelligent man --amongst
the many with whom I conversed, who did not frankly
admit that our trade between India and England was as
much a coasting trade as their trade between New York
and California. They all said :—" Whatever construction
diplomatists put upon the words 'coasting trade,' equity
says that a passage of 1,700 miles along the shores of va-
rious foreign countries, and transhipping cargo over a
foreign soil, is not a coasting trade, and we ought at
once to meet England, and open it to her ships." Has
America anything to fear from, or anything to lose by,
the competition of British ships ? Has she not rather
much to gain by free intercourse ? She can build, quality
considered, and sail ships, quite as cheap as ever any
English colonist, and cheaper than we can in England.
Her ships compete with success in our trade ; why should
she fear competition in her own ? All experience has
proved that every nation (even some of the poorest and
weakest nations of Europe) can manage its own coasting
trade to the greatest advantage, for the ships of other
nations do not enter it when opened. All experience
again proves that the removal of the barriers which
now exist would, by facilitating intercourse along the
shores of the United States where the produce and
manufactures to be exchanged are so great and so.
rapidly on the increase, greatly develop the traffic.
Then, as the ship is the mere carrier, depending for its
existence entirely upon the amount of goods to be
carried, it follows that, with more traffic, more ships
will be required, and consequently there would be more
work for the shipowner and more work for the ship-
builder. But England has much to do also ; she has
burthens to remove which would be a great relief to
American shipping—such as her light dues, passing
tolls, local charges, and compulsory pilotage at places
where the services 'of pilots are not required. For all
these American shipping pays to England a very large
sum annually. Canada has also a duty to perform.
She would require to remove all barriers on her side of
the lakes, and on the shores of the St. Lawrence ;
'abolish differential duties of every kind, if any still
exist, and, I think, ,make various concessions in regard
to the high duties she now levies on American produce
and manufactures. Would the shipowners, of either
country lose by these changes ? Would both not
rather be vast gainers ? and what a boon to the
people of both countries, and to mankind by the
removal of those numerous causes which tended to'
create a bad feeling between the people of the two.
most advanced nations upon the whole earth. Mr.
Lindsay next referred to the absence of a just law
in America on the subject of smuggling goods into the
country. There is no law existing on this subject,
except an old one, passed in 1799, which is so utterly
unsuited to the present time as to be very detrimental
to commerce. By this law, if a man on board any ship
entering an American port brings with him a pound of
smuggled goods, the whole ship's cargo in which it is
conveyed is liable to confiscation. lie qnoted an instance
of where a British seaman employed in one of the
Cunard steamers smuggled one pound of tobacco, and
Messrs. Cunard were obliged to give bail, in conse-
quence, to the amount of £lO,OOO. Mr. Lindsay stated
in conclusion that he had no more to say. He expressed
himself much interested in his visit to America, delighted
by his intercourse with its President, its various public
men and its public commercial bodies, and he especially
thanked the New York Chamber of Commerce for the
kindness and attention which they had shown him, and
expressed the hope that all his exertions and conferences
would tend towards the great object of cementing more
firmly the ties of friendship and kindness which should
ever hold the two great nations in union and harmony.
He had received meat kindness in America, and he had
now only to say Farewell, as he was departing for home
to-morrow (to-day), and add that he would always be
glad to entertain American citizens at home, if not in
Oriental splendour, at least with true hospitality, in his
home on the Vanks of the Thames.
The following resolution was then offered and adopted
unanimously, after some discussion, as the proper method
of tendering thanks to Mr. Lindsay :
Resolved, That the thanks of this committee are due
to W. P. Lindsay, Esq , M.P., for his exertions in
bringing to the attention of our government the pro-
posed changes in the laws of the two countries affecting
important maritime interests, as well as for the simple
and interesting manner in which he has submitted his
views to the Chamber of Commerce of this city ; and
that the thanks of this committee are accordingly ten-
dered to him, with their best wishes for his safe return
to England.
The committee then adjourned, the members taking
warm leave of Mr. Lindsay as they departed.
Mr. Lindsay subsequently expressed his desire to have
the New York Herald represent his views as fully as
possible, as that paper had so large a circulation in
England. He also said that on his return he would
show the falsity of the stupid; malicious and scholastic
articles of the London Times in reference to the affairs
of this great country.