The Press.
London, England, 1855-11-03 00:00:00

CAMP MOVEMENTS.

The telegraphic despatch received by Lord Pan-
mure on the 14th, announcing that Sir Colin Camp.
bell had been sent with a strong force to Eupatoria,
appears to have been incorrect; for, on the 18th, the
correspondents' letters inform us that the expedition
was countermanded :
The expedition to Eupatoria has been cancelled in con-
sequence of a telegraphic message from Lord Panmure, to
the effect that the Russians meditated an attack. Inker-
inann is the quarter in which it seems to be expected. It
is hard to say what the Russians think to gain by attacking
us now.
Of the expedition to Eupatoria the following are coun-
termanded—viz., the Highlanders, two batteries of artillery,
and the company of Sappers. The cavalry has sailed. I
have not yet heard whether they are still to go or be
br iught back. They were ordered to embark several days
before there was any question here of other troops going.—
Times Cor., Oct 10th.

Lord Panmure's " special information " was, how-
ever, not verified up to the 20th, at least according
to lottets, and by telegraph certainly not up to the
23th
In the hasty lines I added to my last letter, just before
post hour, I mentioned that the projected expedition to
Fupatoria was given up, an attack upon our own lines
being expected. Accordingly, we since then have been
turning out before daybreak every morning, and occa-
sionally at other hours Elso. Late on Wednesday night
the reserve ammunition was warned to be ready early in
the morning, as there was every probability of an attack.
On Thursday forenoon the French were formed up in the
Valley of the Tschernaya, awaiting a foe who cattle not.
Yesterday, about noon, there were movements of troops,
and it was reported that large masses of Russians were
visible. Much note of preparation and clash of arms, but
it nevertheless is the opinion of many here—some of
them nersons whose opinion has weight—that our Mus-
covite friends have not the remotest idea of attacking us,
and that Lord Panmure's information to a contrary effect,
derived from Berlin, proceeds in fact from St. Petersburg,
or at any rate from friends of our enemies, who desire to
pravent us from taking advantage of what little fine
weather remains to undertake fresh expeditions. If this
be the case, how heartily the Russians and their under-
hind favourers must have laughed when they heard of the
trip to Eupatoria having been abandoned.—Tines Cor.,
Oct. 20th.

The Russians were making some slight prepara-
tion., apparently for attack, though the writer
bel.eved them to be merely a ruse de guerre:—
The enemy is said, to be clearing roads !through the
brushwood down from. Mackenzie's Farm, (and to have

THE PRESS.

planted four guns to command the causeway across the
marsh at the mouth of the Tschernaya. This loose as if
they contemplated an attack iu force along our line, but 1
persist in thinking that their apparent preparations for
action are made merely for the purpose of deceiving us.
The Russians are the most patient and laborious people
in the world for ruses de guerre of that kind.

Of the result of the Kinburn and other expeditions,
the Times correspondent is not over-sanguine ; for,
although the weather now is fine, he considers the
time of year too late for the expeditions to carry out
their objects :

Expeditions are quite the fashion of the moment, and,
had we before us the prospect of two or three months' fine
weather, we should be bound to suppose that an important
combined operation was about to be entered upon. But,
judging from precedent and probability, two or three
weeks must close the campaign. At present the weather
is all that could be desired. The sun, which in that little
kettle, Balaklava harbour, is still oppressively hot, is tem-
pered on the heights by refreshing breezes; the ground is
everywhere dry—the atmosphere pure and healthy. Never
was our army, since its first landing, so free from disease
as at the present moment. But this second summer may
any day be brought to a close, and exchanged for a season
of rain and tempest. It will be unusual, not to say extra-
ordinary, if such be not the case early in November.
Brief time, therefore, remains for the expeditions to carry
out their objects, whatever those be; but there will be
abundant leisure, when the rain descends in the cascade-
like fashion common in the Crimea, and the wind shakes
our huts and blows our tents about our ears, foi those in
authority to regret the months wasted after the fall of
Southern Sebastopol.—Times Cor., Oct. 15.
In Sebastopol itself little was done. There was no
sign of that " speedy retreat" from the north forts
which was anticipated even by Lord Panmure ; and
on the power of the Russians to supply the force in
possession during the winter, opinions differed :

On Wednesday the telegraph brought fresh information,
originating in Vienna, to our head-quarters, to the effect
that the Russians were about to abandon the north side.
At present there are no visible signs of such approaching
evacuation, nor is there any probable reason to assign for
it, excepting one, which is that the Russians find it impos-
sible to supply their army during the winter. On this
point opinions differ much. Some think that there will be
no difficulty in bringing enough supplies by the road from
Perekop ; others doubt that road being sufficient, and
think also that the Russian means of transport will run
short ln Sebastopol itself there is nothing new.
The Russians continue firing at the town, with little reply
from the French. They fire principally at Sebastopol
proper, but now and then drop a shot or shell into
Karabelnia, and sometimes take the flagstaff on the Mala-
koff for their mark. It is difficult to say why we spare
them so much, unless it he that we soon expect them to
walk away, and leave us their north-side forts in good
order and condition, which would be expecting rather too
much. There would be no difficulty in forming batteries
of heavy guns, to knock some, at least, of their defences
about their ears. Outside the town the French are hard
at work levelling their siegeworks, tilling up trenches,
ttc., though why they should take that trouble it is hard to
say, unless they contemplate the probability of Sebastopol
being garrisoned by the allies, and they, in their turn,
besieged by the Russians.—Tines Cor., Oct. 20th.
Hutting and draining were going on apace, and
hopes were high that this Christmas, at least, would
be passed in more comfort than the last. Still, with
all this constant employment, and daily drill and
exercise into the bargain, the drunkenness and in-
subordination of the army appears to be of a marked
and increasing character:—

The well-intended kindness of the " Queen's sixpence "
is doing, I fear, much harm, used as it is by a very large
portion of the soldiers as a means of excessive drinking.
The consequence of this, and of the insubordination and
many offences it leads to, is a large amount of punishment
of various kinds—extra guards, atone carrying, and flog-
ging. The cartwheel (here substituted for the triangle )
is frequently rigged, and the provost-marshal and his
assistants have plenty on their hands; but twenty-five
lashes, or even fifty, are all insufficient to wean the
British soldier from his favorite vice. I hear of regi-
ments in which there are literally scores of men under
punishment of one sort or other for intoxication. One
regiment was cited to me (I refrain from naming it) in
which there were sixty offenders of this sort at one time.
In another nine sergeants were broken for drunkenness.
On Saturday there was an issue of back pay ( the extra
sixpence), and I never witnessed a more disgraceful scene
than was presented by the part of the camp in which I
happened to be at about an hour before sunset on Sunday
afternoon. I have no reason to believe that it was con-
fined to that part of the camp, but I mention only that
which I and a military friend who accompanied me actually
saw, as we leant against a railing enjoying the beauty of
the evening. Half the men who passed along a track a
little in our front were more or less intoxicated. Some
were merely unsteady, others staggered and straggled out
of the path. Some were pugnacious, and we saw two
fights begin, which were only put end to by the arrival
of a patrol. None, more than myself, would advocate
every reasonable indulgence to an army which has deserved
so well of its country as that, of the Crimea, displaying, as
it has done, on repeated occasions, and for long periods,
the utmost valour, fortitude, and patience. But if means
are not found of checking the great drunkenness that at
present goes on here, the result will he a grievous setnebil
to the service. At the same time that I gladly record the
physical well-being of the troops, I am bound to declare
my conviction that they have never, since the oommence-

1043

ment of the war, been in worse discipline and subordi•
nation.—Times Cur., Oct 15.

1044

looking stone forts. These could, no doubt, be battered
all about their eyes and ears, but the troops would keep
beyond the luie of the, and we could not land with a small
force in a large city defended by a numerous garrison, so
the only result of an attack would be the destruction of
private property, the lives and limbs of people who must
curse this war every day of their lives, and the infliction of
injury on one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.. . . .
The mortar•vessels, gun-boats. and floating batteries might
have easily gone close enough to pour long.range shot,
rockets, and bombs into the town without the chance of
being hit by the enemy, save by great luck. The city could
not be missed; but it is very nice practice to hit a long low
black line—a snake in the grass, wheeling and twisting
about—at the distance of 2,500 yards. Such, however, was
not the policy or the feeling of the admirals, hut the world
will probably be told by the Russian organs that the attitude
of their troops and the appearance of the batteries fright-
ened the French and English fleets, and that they aban-
doned their intention of attacking Odessa, awed by the
courage and devotion of the " holy Russians."—Oct. 13.
The town of course is sketched by Mr. Russell,
though not quite so happily as in his inimitable de-
scription of Constantinople.

By degrees, as we rose, the land, a white lighthouse, a
guard house, a white telegraph house and station, with farm-
houses, white villas embuwered in green trees, pagodas,
minarets, domes, church spires, came in view, and clustered
together till we had a day dream of Constantinople and
Naples together with a dash of Boulogne in it, and Odessa
came in sight. As lam neither a voluntary tourist, a
universal gazetteer, or a photographer, I shall not attempt
to describe the city, which must indeed be well known to
Eaglishuieu, though few artists can do justice to it. These
barbarous Russians have a tare knack of building graceful,
light, cheerful, and clean-looking cities, which even the
"Stones of Venice" might not utterly despise, and if it be
distance which lends enchantment to the view they have at
least the satisfaction denied to more civilised people of
saying there is one point of view from which their cities
win the senses. As we slowly drew up to our inevitable
" five miles S. by K of Odessa," we passed a wonderful
creation, which, compared to the slow efforts of our ancient
builders. seemed almost the work of enchantment. There
stood an extensive city, built on the curve of a high sea-
shore, with descending terraces and broad Bights of steps
to the beach, which was inclosed by broad quays and the
walls of ports and casemated batteries, all shining brightly
in the morning sun. Broad esplanades or boulevards lined
with trees towards the sea-front ran along the top of the
hank, with a background of stately mansions worthy of the
best " rows" near the Ilegent's park, and we could see a
numerous and gaily-dressed crowd of men and women all
along the promenade gazing on the dark clouds of smoke
which were slowly drifting in on them from the distance.
Behind and in continuation of this esplanade are splendid
residences, with pillared porticos and ornamented peri-
styles, magnificent public institutions—the temples erected
by despotism to civilisation in hope of making peace with
her, barracks, palaces, governor's house, prisons, rising in
front of a confused and graceful mass of domes, columns,
steeples, and spires. One huge dome is of an intense ulna-
marine blue, and is topped by a gilt cupola ; another is of
bright green, surmounted by a golden star; here is a Greek
temple, there a Tartaresque-looking mosque; there a un-
mistakeable "little Bethel," here a Byzantine church; again
an Eastern minaretlike spire. This beautiful city is sur-
rounded on the left by woods, bestudded with the houses
of princes and counts engaged in the corn trade, and of
merchants deeply interested in the state of the English
barometer. On the right is a suburb where the " poorer
sort" live and make money for their masters, and die out
like bees when the honey is in the cells, leavinz materials
for fresh hives behind them. The etetnal Cossacks were
standing by their horses in groups of two or three, as vi-
dettes, by the numerous signer and telegraph stations
which line the coast at intervals, and are in connection with
a'semaphore in Odessa, which was tossing about its arms
like Niobe gone mad; others were galloping over the fer-
tile steppe, appearing and disappearing over the low lines
of hills. and numerous herds of cattle all over the country
afforded proof that we have exaggerated the general ex-
haustion of the enemy's resources, if any were needed in
addition to the prosperous appearance of all the white farm•
houses and harnlete, with their enormous stacks of hay and
corn around their homesteads. Some of the inhabitants
seemed to be moving away from the place by the north
road, and many waggons and carts were visible going to
and fro by the road to the northwards.—Times Cor. Oct. 8.

SANTA. ANNA, the late President of Mexico, is the
subject of a story which, if true, proves his tact
and shrewdness. The Governor of Vera Cruz re-
ceived a communication from high authorities at
Mexico to the effect that, should he arrest Santa
Anna, they would reward him with fifty thousand
dollars. The governor, a Spaniard, forwarded it to
Santa Anna, who on the instant gave an order for
the amount to be paid by the Custom house autho-
rities, who on their part pleaded want of funds.
The ex President, backed by his troops, then in-
quired if they did not hold securities from the
merchants for payment of duties, and, if so, to
remit from teq to fifteen per cent. for prompt pay-
ment. The terms were accepted, the governor, the
troops, in fact all parties were satisfied, and Santa
Anna embarked on board tho national squadron
(two steamers), amidst the thunders of artillery and
great parade.
His EXCELLENCY COUNT COLLOREDO is daily ex-
pected at the Austrian Legation from Vienna, in
order to resume his diplomatic functions as Austrian
Mistiater at the Court of Et. James's.

THE PRESS.

lortign dortcspoittturt.

FRANKFORT, Oct. 30.

WHEN will England learn to appreciate, at its just
value, the conduct of Austria? When will the Go-
vernment honestly declare before an approving House
of Commons, the danger of longer relying on the
false assurance of a perfidious ally ? Within the last
few days Austria has signified her assent to a reform
of the Germanic Confederation, and has, in a con-
tradictory temper, completed a concordat with the
Pope, utterly destructive of the slender measure of
civil and religious liberty that existed within the pre-
cincts of its empire. Of those liberties it is proper
now to speak iu the past sense. The flagrant anta-
gonism of the two policies reveals the secret motive
of action:—

La teudresso etrange dont se sont prig subiternent les
orgaues de la politique Autrichienne pour l'idee dune re•
vision du parti federal, et rintuation du Gouvernemeut
Auttiohien de formuler, ou du moins d'appuyer, des pro-
positions de cette nature si elles vensient a so produire
au sein de la Diete Germanique, ont fait une certaine
sensation. L'etonueruent cease du moment oa lon ap•
precie le veritable setts duns lequel l'Autriche vent °parer
cette reforzne. Faire une Allemague forte, unio, ralkie
altiee autour du drapeau d'Autriche et servante d'instrument
docile a la politique du Cabinet do Vienne, voila le pro-
gramme que la presse Autrichienue noits a maintes foes
preaente en s'effurcant de lui donner respect le plus se-
duisant.

The testimony of Le Nord is conclusive of the
fact. Jealous of the growing influence of the "parti
Liberal de Gotha," which meets with a firm support
in Prussia by the friends and followers of the Prince
Royal, Austria seeks by a jesuitic compliance with
the proposition of confederation reform, false, not
real, treacherous and perfidious, to neutralise the
liberalism that each hour partakes of a character
more distinctly Protestant and anti. Catholic. In
the event of the Liberal and Gotha adherents being
recruited exclusively from the Protestant ranks, a
heavy weight would be thrown in the balance against
itoman interests ; and the facility for Prussia " Prin-
ciere to assume a determined predominance in the
Confederation would lead to immediate consequences
irresistibly detrimental to Austria. The war, if not
of nationalities, at least of national interests, is com-
mencing. The official pamphlet of M. de Gerlach
openly proclaims the intention of the " parti de la Croix"
to re establish, if possible, the Holy Alliance of 1815,
the cause of the revolutions of 1848; and Austria,
sensible of the false step made by the Prussian
Minister, now hastens to assure the German Liberals
that she will side with them against the present
Cabinet at Berlin. Austria cannot cloke her covert
intention to advance Roman Catholic interests in
order to occupy a forward position in Germany when-
ever the ostensible war of religion shall break forth.
In that forthcoming war, nominally spiritual but
essentially temporal, she counts upon the aid of
Russia; in the Roman conflict she hopes to dissever
France from England. This is her secret project,
the object of her sleepless solicitude.
No one the least conversant with continental
affairs dreams of the possibility of a proximate peace.
The Danubian principalities will not be easily
evacuated by Austrian troops ; and the recent tenta-
tive to exact an undue influence in Bosnia and
Servia, if it does not adorn the Eastern tale, may
earnestly point a moral. 'Should it be neglected, the
fault will lie with the English Government, fore-
warned by acts that would be almost palpable to the
blind. Nothing can be less correct than the asser-
tion that the Vienna interests on the Eastern ques-
tion are entirely opposed to those of Russia. Those
who would affirm this confound the words German
and Austrian, and would make them synonymous in
utter contempt of history or geography. Let the
C;rirnea be gained by the allies, Austria will remain
in the possession of the principalities, and be passive,
if not careless, of the disposition of Eastern affairs,
certain that the results will be favorable to her.
In some respects Count Buol is a wiser Minister
than Prince Schwartzenberg. When the Prince
said, "Le moment n'est pas eloigne ou l'Autriche
etonnera le monde par son ingratitude" for the sub-
jugation of Hungary by Russia, he did not foresee a
war betwixt Russia and the Anglo-Frank allies.
Count Buol judges astutely of the altered circum•
stances, and sees in them the reconstruction of Im-
perial power by their gradual conducting to a
difference, possibly armed upon a religious and

Roman basis, that shall consume Italy, sow dissen-
sion in liermany, and disunite the Anglo Frank
alliance. He would count, whether rightly or not
events will prove, on the support of Russia on one
hand and on France on the other. The Schwartzen
berg phasis is past and gone, and a new combination
is about to be formed ;mire in consonance with the
counsel of the late Emperor Nicholas to Francis
Joaeph at tits conference at 911auti, tio ti rn 415

aITURDAY,

attention Danubianwiirds, if he were anxious to
satisfy the pride of conquest. Despite of this pal-
pable lesson of facts, past and present, England
doggedly persists in abusing the Liberal an I Gotha
party Protestant of Prussia and Germany, which is
the natural and valuable counterpoise to Austxo-
Jesuit encroachment upon the libert,ies of central
Europe. To all the Roman schemes of Austria for
political aggrandisement, Lord John Russell tent
attentive ear; and it is not improbable that he was
courteously informed of the principles contained in
the Papal concordat, in the same manner as the
famous Wiseman rescript was shown to Lord Minto
in the Palace of 'Monte Cavallo by Pius IX.
himself.

The preamble states that the concordat is made
manifest before the face of all nations, " according to
the order established by God and the capopiey
stitutions." It thus commences with a demi to
ecclesiastical prepotence over the consciences or all
men, subversive of individual right, and said to be so
willed and upheld by the order of God. Of these
divine rights, possessed especially by the company or
Jesus, it is stated that the Roman Pontiffs "were
utkiustly and fatally despoiled in Austria and the
kingdoms appertaining to the empire by one of the
predecessors of the present Emperor." This is in
allusion to Joseph IL, and proves the imperfect
acquaintance with history of Pius IX. and Cardinal
Antonelli. The curtailment of ecclesiastical privi-
leges, and the suppression of prelatic tyranny, were
crudely effected in the first instance by Joseph II.;
but the canonical emendations were reduced to their,
present shape by his brother and successor Leopold
11., and these are the precise liberties which have
now been Pontifically and Imperially rescinded.
First in order comes the repeal of the " Placetum
.Regium," by which the Emperor yields, without
restriction, the right to episcopal anti other clerical
nomination, and consents to abandon his privilege to
object to any such persons, of whatever nation, that
shall be appointed by the Pope. Thep follows the
absolute power to possess church property in every
shape; and, with a view to its particular protection
and administration, ecclesiastical tribunals are to be
established, having separate and distinct jurisdiction
over and above the civil courts, meaning thereby
that against an ecclesiastical judgment the civil
power shall have no control ; but, on the other hand,
the decision of the executive on a case affecting the
rights of the Church, specially or collaterally, may
annulled by the higher power of an ecclesiastical
tribunal.
Tithes, and all other pecuniary demands of the
Roman Church, are reinstated according to olden
practice.
The control of bishops over the inferior clergy is
to be absolute and without control. This also
extends, to the nature and measure of punishment
for clerical offences.

The education of the people to be under the
exclusive superintendence of the Roman clergy, and
no other religious instruction is to be tolerated, or
permission to be granted to teach doctrines within
the empire, adverse to the Roman faith.
A right of censorship is to be vested in an ecclesi-
astical commission, over works of science, literature,
and publications of every description. The offences
under this head to be judged by the tribunals of the
Church, and to them are also intrusted the prosecu-
ti3n of published libels, and of verbal libels, if
directed against the honour and safety of the Roman
Church, with an unrestricted polyps to apportion
punishment.
In case of contempt of jurisdiction the ecclesiasti-
cal tribunals are empowered to demand the aid of
the executive to compel obedience.
In one word, it may be said that the Emperor
Francis Joseph has agreed and bound himself to
the stipulation without consent of his subjects,
patrician or plebeian, that the Pope shall exercise a
power within the Austrian dominions superior to that
of the Imperial. Like Barbarossa, he has both held
the stirrup and bowed his neck beneath the sandal of
the Pontiff; and Pius IX., after the example of
Boniface Viii., has issued another decretal of
"Anam Sanctam," which laid down a divine canon,
" Secundum plenitudinem potestatis, jure possumus
supra jus dispensare." It is needless to state the
general dissatisfaction and disgust that the spirit of
the infamous concordat has caused it Germany and
Austria, or the loss of personal character sustained
by the young Emperor in his unwise compliance
with the advice of whoever may have beep his coun-
sellor. It is the work of the Jesuit. Rather Russia
ten thousand times, with her open schemes of cop-
quest, than the secret tyranny of bigoted Austria,
with the rack and the dungeon of the inquisitor.
The salvation of Germany depends upon a Protestant
Emperor. J. E. L.

SIENA, Oct. 27.
UNLESS the foreign Ambassadors of England are
prepared strictly to du their duty to their country'--
unless they are actuated by some higher motive than