The Press.
London, England, 1855-09-29 00:00:00

TIIE PRESS.

fire of the enemy. It is besides useful to add that
any offensive attempt on the part of the Russians is
impossible."
Accounts from Constantinople of the 17th state
that the Turkish troops intended for Asia have
been sent to Eupatoria. Ten vessels have already
sailed.

A despatch from Vienna, Thursday, says :—" Kars
is greatly straitened for provisions. The garrison is
eating horseflesh."
The Russians have abandoned the neighbourhood
of Erzeroum, and are at Malagu-leiman.

The Emperor Alexander, according to leters re-
ceived from St. Petersburg, has approved of a law
which has been presented to him by the Minister of
Finance, relative to a compleie reform in the old
system of commerce with China, by way of Kiachta.

The Duke and Duchess of Brabant are to proceed
to Paris on the 12th October. The King of Sardinia
is not expected there, owing to his late illness, until
the end of that month.

The Piedmontese papers contain a second letter
by Signor Monin, addressed to Signor valerio, a
deputy. This letter incloses a copy of the writer's
previous letter to the Paris papers, and amplifies it.
The Republican party so much calumniated, he says,
makes a new act of abnegation and sacrifice to the
national cause. " That party says t•) the house of
Savoy —Remember Italy, and we are with you. They
say to the Constitutionalists—Take thought for
making Italy, and not for aggrandising Piedmont.
Be Italians, not burghers, and we are with you, if
not, not." " I, a Republican, raise the
standard of union."

Letters from Athens of the 17th, state that the
news of the fall of Sebastopol had produced in that
city the utmost joy among the national party, and
the deepest consternation and dismay among the
partisans of Russia, who were always boasting of
the invincibility of the Czar, and the impossibility of
the allies ever succeeding. The Ministers lost no
time in waiting on the French and English Ambas-
sadors to offer their warmest congratulations on the
happy event. The question relative to M. Kalergi
has not yet been resolved.

MR. COXWELL, the mronaut, made a most snc•
cessful ascent at the Surrey Zoological Gardens, on
Monday last, and after a rapid journey descended in
safety on the borders of Hampshire. Mr. Coxwell,
on this occasion, contemplated using the system of
telegraphic signals invented by himself, and satisfac-
torily demonstrated in several previous instances,
but the boisterous state of the weather frustrated his
intentions.

IN the Court of Bankruptcy on Thursday, the
affairs of Partridge and Oakey, of Paternoster•row,
came on for hearing. Their accounts extend from
November 1, 1853, to August 9, 1855, and contain the
following items :—Dr: Unsecured creditors, 10,454/. ;
secured ditto, 1,5791.; liabilities, 1,7511.; profits,
1,9801. Cr.: Good debtors, 710/. ; doubtful, 794/. ;
bad, 6101.; property given up to assignees, 1,2601.;
ca.sh, 23/. ; property held by secured creditors, 8501.;
works in progress, 1201. ; joint speculations estimated
to realise 3501.; losses, 6,3111.; trade expenses,
2,921/. ; law charges, 2041. ; drawings by Partridge,
590/. ; by Oakey, 7291.; ditto by T. Sercombe during
his partnership with us between November, 1853,
and March, 1854, 1201.; deficiency, November 1,
1853, 4,567/. The list of creditors includes this
novel description :—" Mother of twenty children," 11.
The following institutions are also entered as credi_
tors for various small sums :—Borough.road Schoo_
Calvin Translation Society, Evangelical Tract Associ
ation, Irish Church Mission, British and Foreign
Bible Society, Protestant Malta College, Night
Refnge, Ragged School Union, Highland Emigration
Society, Emigration Fund, Deaconness's Institution,
Society for Female Penitents, Tuscany Christians,
Samaritans at Naiton, Protestants at Neurvica, New
Church at Lyons, City Mission, Aged Pilgrims, Pro-
testant Ministry, London Jews Society, London Mis-
sionary Society, British Missions, Female Refuge,
Colonial Society, Ragged School, Thirsk ; Sick and
Wounded in the East, Patagonian Mission, Protes-
tant Hospital, Genoa; Hungary Lyceum, Distressed
Jews, Distress in Silesia, Peru Convalescent Institu-
tion, Religious Tract Society, Sabbath Committee.
The list of works in progress include, " How to
Choose a Wife," and the joint speculation is in Tait's
Magazine, the bankrupts being the holders of two
shares, and Mr. W. Wilk, Fleet-street, and F. Young,
Gough-square, one share each. The bankrupts
passed their exiluilyit4on unopposed,

SATURDAY,

WINTER OPERATIONS IN THE CRIMEA.
ON Thursday orders were forwarded to the Ordnance
storekeepers in the Tower and Woolwich Arsenal to
forward without delay to the various outports, for
shipment to the Crimea, as many of the new pattern
blankets and rugs, waterproof coats and capes, ox-
hide boots, and Canada stoves, besides the requisite
culinary stores, as may be ready for delivery. Nearly
the whole of the huts contracted for by Messrs.
Cubitt and Lucas Brothers are completed, and a
very large number have been forwarded to their
destination.

As the question of further operations at this season
of the year in the Crimea naturally arises, it is
worthy of note that many of the Russian successes
in that quarter last century were obtained in the
wintry season. It is recorded in "Nash's Historical
Researches " that, as late as December, in 1708,
Marshal Lacy, an Irish exile in the Russian service,
was detached with 15,000 men to the Ukraine ; in
December, 1789, the Russians fought and gained a
great victory on the Don ; in January following, the
battle of Bender, where another of the Lacy family
served with éclat. In 1787, Potemkin led his army
against the Turks and Tartars in the Crimea so late
as November, and gained several victories up to as
late as the 3rd of December. Marshal Francis Lacy,
of Austria, also led the Austrian armies to several
victories on the Danube and its tributaries. So late
as the 17th of December Oczakoff was stormed by
General Maurice de Lacy, another Irish warrior. In
the campaign of 1790 the several forts of Kenia,
Tulsea. Isaachia, and Ischatel, on the Danube and
Black Sea, were stormed and taken between October
and the 18th of November. The great Ismail, "the
Impregnable," was invested on the Ist of December,
the batteries opened on the 20th, and the fortress
stormed on the 22nd, by General Maurice Lacy,
who headed the first attacking party, and took it
after four hours' carnage. During these opera•
tions the Turks were masters of the Black Sea,
Sea of Azoff, and the Crimea. The nephew of that
general, Cornet Pierse, also served in the war of
1828-9.

SLAVE LABOUR.
TO THE EDITOR OF " THE PRESS."

Sir,—l take the following from a Jamaica paper of
Liberal views, the Morning Journal, of August
the 4th :

Thus, in whatever aspect the sugar question is viewed,
it will be but too apparent that our planters, while they
have to pay their labourers wages, however low such wages
may be, cannot compete with those who have an almost
unlimited command of slave labour at their disposal. . . .
One thing is certain, however, that whether or not sugar
cultivation in Jamaica ever experiences a revival, or
whether it becomes extinct, the time has arrived when, if
it is desired that the island shall enjoy even a moderate
share of prosperity, united and well•directed efforts must
be made for the development of our innumerable
resources.

The argument, that well-directed efforts must be
made to obtain even a moderate share of prosperity,
seems, to say the least of it, a singular one, after
stating that while they have to pay their labourers
wages they cannot compete with slave-owners in the
production of sugar, as in any other tropical produc-
tion the negro slave would be still equally valuable
over the negro freeman, and bears out the fact of the
increasing value of the slave, which I stated in a
letter you did me the honour to insert in THE
PRESS of Saturday last.—Yours, sir, most obediently,
ANTI-SLAVERY.
September 25, 1855.

AN OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA AT MARSEILLES has
compelled the authorities at Malta to impose a
quarantine of observation of five days from depar-
ture, or, in case of attack at sea, from the date of
such attack. Despatches from her Majesty's con-
sulates at Naples and Messina report the imposition
of a quarantine of fifteen days on arrivals from
Malta; and the same course is said to have been
adopted in Greece, owing to a ease or two of cholera
among the military.
THE IRON CHURCH erected on the vicarage grounds
at Kensington, will be opened by Archdeacon Sinclair
on Sunday next. It is handsomely fitted up for the
accommodation of about 800 persons, and is the first
sacred edifice of this material put up in the metro-
polis. The arrangement is, that five shillings a year
shall be paid for each sitting to the contractors,
Messrs. Hemming and Co., of the Clift Iron Works,
Bow ; and if the proceeds of the seat-rents do not
suffice to meet the annual expenses, the deficiency
will be made up by the Archdeacon. If a surplus is
realised, it will be applied in aid of the fund fc,r
building a permanent edifice in stone. This expe-
dient for providing means cif public worship may
he usefully resorted to in poor districts, where no
funds for church-building can be raised, or in parishes
such as Kensington, where several churches have
been built by voluntary contribution, but where,
owing to the rapid increase of population, further
provision is still urgently required. The new chutvit
dedicated to St, rod,

SEPT. 29, 1855.

GERMAN VIEWS OF THE FALL OF
SEBASTOPOL.
(From a Correspondent.)

The fall of Sebastopol has been celebrated by
public dinners of French and English in several
places on the Continent. One of these convivial
meetings in honour of the victory took place at
Homoourg•es•Monts, in the course of the last week.
The dinner passed off with much spirit. The Queen
of England, the Emperor Napoleon, the Sultan, the
King of Sardinia, and the allied forces, were drank
with all the honours ; and the cheering, long and
loud, stirred even the phlegm of the more apathetic
of the Saxon races. Sir William Fraser, Mr. Hud-
dlestone, Q.C., Mr. Kerr, Mr. Edmonstone Lendrick,
Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Howard, Captain Macdonald, R.N.,
Mr. Harris, Mr. Arundell Harris, Captain Dash-
wood, (tic., were present; and among the distin-
guished foreigners were Count Hippolite de Bothtnar,
Count Scherrthoss, Marchese Tezorchi, Count Lesky,
&c. In fact, each nation bad its representative.
The health of " Prince Frederick William of Prussia,
and a German Empire," elicited marked attention,
and the two noblemen who responded to the toast
spoke out boldly and freely. They had both served
with distinction in 1848, and one especially was the
person deputed to offer the Crown of Hungary to
tle Duke of Leuchtenberg in 1849. Among the
more prominent observations were the following :

Germany desires to be united ; she demands the re-
establishment of her old empire, and offers to Europe, by
a consolidation truly Germanic, to be that safeguard against
Russian aggression the duties of which formerly devolved
upon unhappy Poland. Do not believe, gentlemen of
England, that in Prussia the " parti de la Croix " repro•
sents Prussian feelings or Prussian interests. We, the
fiends of the Prince of Prussia—the nobles, the army, and
the people,—are not Russian in our sympathies, but
loyally Prussian and truly German in our desires and
determinations. We regard the English as our legitimate
allies, and we trust that the young prince to whom we now
do honour may, at a future time, be a bond of union and
affection betwixt the two countries. It is in the early
dawn of existence that the man is moulded, that the patriot
is educated—it is at the apronatring of the mother that
the heart receives its first and deepest impression, that the
mind learns its earliest lesson—and it is from the know-
ledge that the Prince Frederick William has been brought
xi? under the careful superintendence of oue of the most
highly gifted, accomplished, and resolute princesses of
Europe that we derive our hopes for the brilliancy and
patriotism of his future career—a career that shall tend
to regenerate Germany, unite her energies, consolidate the
empire, and free her for ever from the dominion of the
house of Lorraine. If the victory which we are now met
to celebrate be followed by a hasty peace, the interests of
Germany will demand a speedy renewal of the war Your
Minister, Lord Palmerston, has already betrayed us in the
Danish conflict of 1849, wherein he sided with Russia
a :ainst Germany. But, without looking back upon past
e •ror, let us hope for bettor things,—that your Minister
may seize the opportunity now offered—and it is one well
worthy the display of his great talents—and make those
changes in the political map of Europe that national ne•
cessities demand. Unless patriotic reforms be made, and
should a peace be patched up, insincere and ill-digested,
rely upon it, gentlemen of England, that another war will
be shortly forthcoming, and be one of extermination, with
place, power in the hands of the republicans, and utterly
destroy that constitutional liberty for which we, Germans,
Hungarians, Poles, and Italians, are prepared and ready to
do battle unto the death.

The speech was received throughout with loud
cheering. Neither the English Ministry, the Em-
peror of Austria, nor the King of Prussia were
mentioned ; and the silence of disregard, and some-
thing more, interpreted intelligibly the sentiments
of the meeting.
Another dinner, of at least fifty persons, took place
at Hombourg, on Saturday, Sept. 22, presided over
by Sir Alexander Malet, the English Minister at
Frankfort, and which has been already reported in
the Times. In proposing the allied forces, the Eng-
lish Minister spoke in severe terms of the King of
Prussia, and dwelt sarcastically on the insignificance
of the German princes and their hollow declarations
of neutrality. An exception was taken by the chair-
man of the former meeting to such censure being
extended to the Prince of Prussia, whose regard for
England and the English is well known, and whose
son, Prince Frederick William, is now on a visit to
her Majesty at Balmoral. The room in which the
dinner was given was tastefully decorated with flags
and mottoes emblematic of the Crimean battles and

THE POPULATION OF NEW YORE amounts, by the
census of 1855, to 623,170 souls, being an increase of
107,634 in five years. This is equal to a growth of
twenty-one per cent. in five years, or nearly four and
a quarter per cent. per annum. The growth from
1845 to 1850 was from 371,000 to 515,000, or nearly
forty per cent.
IRE TICKET-OF-LEAVE SYSTEM has received a
check, owing to the number of recommitments which
have taken place. On the Ist of February last
there were 5,686 convicts under sentence of transpor-
tation, and up to that date 2,360 had been released
on tickets of leave. The number released in the
year ended the 30th of June last was NO.

THE PRESS.

GENERAL SIMPSON'S DESPATCH.

We reprint the following despatch from General
Simpson, as it appeared in only a portion of our
impression of Saturday last :

Before Sebastopol, September 9.

I had the honour to appriseyour lordship in my despatch
of the 4th inst. that the engineer and artillery officers of
the allied armies had laid before General Pelissier and
myself a report recommending that the assault should be
given on the Nth inst., after a heavy fire had been kept up
for three days. _ _ _

1 This arrangement I agreed to, and I have to congratu-
ate your lordship on the glorious results of the attack of
yesterday, which has ended in the possession of the town,
dockyards, and public buildings, and destruction of the
last ships of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea. Three
steamers alone remain, and the speedy capture or sinking
of these must speedily follow.
It was arranged that at twelve o'clock in the day the
French columns of assault were to leave their trenches
and take possession of the Malakoff and adjacent works.
After their success had been assured, and they were fairly
established, the Redan was to be assaulted by the English ;
the Bastion, Central, and Quarantine Forts on the left were
simultaneously to be attacked by the French.
At the hour appointed our allies quitted their trenches,
entered and carried the apparently impregnable defences of
the Malakoff with that impetuous valour which charac-
terises the French attack ; and, having once obtained
possession, they were never dislodged.
The tricolour planted on the parapet was the signal for
our troops to advance.
The arrangements for the attack I intrusted to
Lieutenant-General Sir William Codrington, who carried
out the details in concert with Lieutenant• General
Markham.

I determined that the second and light divisions should
have the honour of the assault, from the circumstance of
their having defended the batteries and approaches against
the Redan for so many months, and from the intimate
knowledge they possessed of the ground.
The fire of our artillery having made as much of a breach
as possible in the salient of the Redan, I decided that the
columns of assault should be directed against that part, as
being less exposed to the heavy flanking fire by which this
work is protected.
It was arranged between Sir W. Codrington and Lieut.
General Markham that the assauleng column of 1,000
men should be formed by equal numbers of these two divi-
alone, the column of the light division to lead, and that of
the second to follow. They left the trenches at the pre-
concerted signal, and moved across the ground preceded
by a covering party of two hundred men, and a ladder party
of three hundred and twenty. On arriving at the crest of the
ditch, and the ladders placed, the men immediately stormed
the parapet of the Redan and penetrated into the salient
angle. A most determined and bloody contest was here
maintained for nearly an hour, and, although supported to
the utmost, and the greatest bravery displayed, it was
found impossible to maintain the position.
Your lordship will perceive, by the long and sad list of
casualties, with what gallantry and self-devotion the officers
so nobly placed themselves at the head of their men during
this sanguinary conflict.
I feel myself unable to express in adequate terms the
sense I entertain of the conduct and gallantry exhibited by
the troops, though their devotion was not rewarded by the
success which they so well merited, but to no one are my
thanks more justly due than to Colonel Windham, who
gallantly headed his column of attack, and was fortunate
in entering, and remaining with the troops, during the
contest.

The trenches were, subsequently to this attack, so
crowded with troops that I was unable to organise a second
assault, which 1 intended to make with the Highlanders
under Lieut.-General Sir Colin Campbell, who had hi-
therto formed the reserve, to be supported by the third
division under Major-General Sir William Eyre. I, there.
fore, sent for these officers, and arranged with them to
renew the attack the following morning.

The Highland Brigade occupied the advanced trenches
during the night. About eleven o'clock the enemy com
menced exploding their magazines, and Sir Cohn Camp-
bell having ordered a small party to advance cautiously to
examine the Redan, found the work abandoned ; he did
not, however, deem it necessary to occupy it until daylight.
The evacuation of the town by the enemy was made
manifest during the night. Great fires appeared in every
part, accompanied by large explosions, under the cover of
which the enemy succeeded in withdrawing their troops to
the north side by means of the raft-bridge recently con-
structed, and which they afterwards disconnected and
conveyed to the other side.
Their men-of-war were all sunk during the night.
The boisterous weather rendered it altogether impossi-
ble for the admirals to fulfil their intention of bringing the
broadsides of the allied fleets to bear upon the Quarantine
Batteries; but an excellent effect was produced by the
animated and well-directed fire of their mortar-vessels, those
of her Majesty being under the direction of Captain Wil-
cox, of the Odin, and Captain Digby, of the Royal Marine
Artillery.
It now becomes my pleasing duty, my lord, to place on
record the high sense I entertain of the conduct of this
army since I have had the honour to command it. The
hardships and privations endured by many ofthe regiments
during a ling winter campaign are too well known for me
to comment upon. They were borne both by officers and
men with a patience and unmurmuring endurance worthy
of the highest praise, and which gain them the deserved
applause and sympathy of their country.
The Naval Brigade, under the command of Captain the
Honourable Henry Keppel, aided by Captain Moorsom,
and many gallant officers and seamen who have served the
guns from the commencement of the siege, merit my
warmest thanks.

931

The prompt, hearty, and efficacious co-operation of I er
Majesty's navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Eduim d
Lyons, and ably seconded by Sir Flousion Stewart, b.
contributed most materially to the success of our undet-
taking ; and here, perhaps, I may be permitted to day that,
if it had pleased Uod that the successful result of this
memorable siege should have been reported by my ever to
be lamented predecessor in this command, I am sure that
it would have been one of his most pleasing duties to ex-
press the deep sense which I know he entertained of the
invaluable assistance and counsel he received on all occa-
sions from Sir Edmund Lyons. When at times affairs
looked gloomy and success doubtful, he was at hand to
cheer and encourage ; and every assistance that could tend
to advance the operations was given with the hearty good-
will which characterises the British sailor.

Nothing has contributed more to the present undertaking
than the cordial co-operation which has so happily existed
from the first between the two services.

I cannot sufficiently express my approbation of the con-
duct of the Royal Engineers under Lieutenant• General Sir
Harry Jones, who has conducted the siege operations from
the beginning of this year. For some time past he has
been suffering on a bed of sickness, but the eventful hour
of the assault would not permit him to remain absent ; he
was conveyed on a litter into the trenches to witness the
completion of his arduous undertakings.
My warmest thanks are due to the officers and soldiers
of the Royal Artillery under the command of M ajor-lieneral
Sir R. Dacres, who, during the arduous operations of this
protracted siege, have so mainly contributed to its ultimate
success.

I must beg further to record my thanks for the cordial
co•operation and assistance I have received in carrying
out the details of the service from the Chief of the Staff,
the Adjutant and Quartermaster Generals, and general
staff, as well as generals commanding divisions and bri-
gades of this army.
I must reserve io myself, for the subject of a future
despatch, bringing before your lordship the particular
mention of officers of the various branches of this army,
whom I shall beg to recommend to your favorable notice.
1 intrust this despatch to the care of Brevet-Alajor the
Hon. Leiecster l'urzon, who has been Assistant Military
Secretary to my noble predecessor and myself since the
commencement of this war, and who will he able to give
your lordship more minute details than the limits of a
despatch will allow.
JAMES SIMPSON, General Commanding.

MARSHAL PELISSIER'S APPEARANCE 18 thus de-
scribed in a private letter from the French camp:—
" From his character I expected to have seen a young
active man, whereas General Pelissier is an enor-
mously fat man, with very white hair, which is cut
very close; he is so fat that he is unable to ride any
distance. He was in an open carriage drawn by four
greys, and two soldiers as outriders, and an Arab
with a white flowing robe followed it. The general
was dressed in uniform, with a number of decorations
on his breast, and over his shoulders he wore a white
cloak somewhat similar to those worn by the Arab
chiefs. He is not very tall, and his face has rather
a good-humoured expression, and quite different from
what your imagination would portray from his history
either here or in Africa."

WAR ANNIVERSARIEB.—September is distinguished
for being associated with many a great battle and
commander. On the Bth, we had the anniversary of
Oliver Cromwell's death, recalling to our memories
the civil warfare of the seventeenth century, and the
deeds of blood under the Protectorate. On the 4th,
the mobbing in London of General Haynau, for his
woman.flogging during the Austrian troubles. On
the sth, the capture of Malta (1800). The 7th, the
bloody battle of Borodino, in 1812. On the 11th,
the battle of Stirling (1297). On the 12th, the
death of Prince Blucher, one of the 'Waterloo heroes
(1819). On the 13th the killinf of General Wolfe
(1759). On the 14th the burning of Moscow in
1812, the death of the Duke of Wellington; 1852, and
the landing in the Crimea of the allies engaged in
the present warfare. On the 15th the taking of
Cadiz (1596). On the 17th, the siege of Gibraltar
(1782). On the 18th, the bombardment of Messina
(1848). On the 19th, the battle of Poictiers (1356);
and next day the battle of the Alma.
THE El Heraldo of Mexico, received by the last
mail, contains an article on the electric telegraphic
communication in that republic. It appears that
there are already two lines of telegraph in the re-
public, the advantages of which are known to all.
The capital is already in contact with the first port of
Mexico and various populous cities. "The commu-
nication with Vera Cruz is the more interesting," ob-
serves the Mexican journal, "inasmuch as the events
of the war in Europe, which occupy the whole world,
are fraught with as much importance to us as to any
other country." The Herald() goes on to detail a
plan conceived by Mr. William George Ste!fart,
possessor of the Government "privilege," which is
nothing less than the putting a telegraphic commu-
nication with each other of Tampico, San Luis
Potosi, Zacatecas, Aguas Calientes, Guadalajara,
Tepic, San Blas, Mazatlan, and other cities, so that
between the Mexican ports of the Gulf and the
Pacific advices may be despatched in the shortest
possible time. It appears that Mr. Stewart's plan is
supported by persons interested in. the progress of
the country, all of whom admit its immense '<lvan-
vantages. Nor will the Money be !Natant