The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-08-31 00:00:00

THE DAIL/ TIMES, FRIDAY, AUGUST 31, 1860.

\ .
,O 1 the movement, and enable their system to work with
undoubted succor
!Mr., r.-g. Toe; M.P., in speaking at a public dinner
in Galvray onlionday last, said that he had a- convic-
tion thatAhe Galway line would pay bitter than many
lines aciorif thq:_klantic, and that the importance of the
route wet, perhaps, scarcely appreciated. Its advan-
tages were not billy British, they were'European ; for,
according to the emigration returns for the last two
years, whilst the Liverpool steamers have carried only
an average of less than 60 passengers each, the Galway
packets have carried an average of 240.
The English Churchman states that three new churches
are to be built in the parish.of Tynemouth, in addition
to the three already existing, so that the parish will
comprise six incumbencies. The new parishes will be
endowed with £2OO per annum each. To carry out this
plan, the Duke of Northumberland contributes the muni-
ficent sum of £30,000. The Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners will make a grant of a similar amount.
The Great Eastern returns from her first voyage,
having silenced all detractors and evil prophets by her
behaviour and performances, without exciting more
than the most ordinary attention. The first and most
momentous epoch in her life is now fairly and satisfac-
torily completed. After proudly exhibiting her unparal-
leled proportions to our kinsmen across the Atlantic, who
of all the world could best appreciate the achievement
of her construction, as they alone, besides ourselves,
could have shown themselves capable of conceiving and
executing such a monument of skill, perseverance, and
daring, she has returned to her native waters, and hence-
forward to renounce her career of lionising and idle
exultation in her strength and size, and to settle down
into regular habits. She will be placed on the gridiron
at Milford as early as the tides will permit, and she will
be shortly advertised to sail from that port to New
York on Wednesday, October 17.
Sir Charles Scully has recently been sent out to assist
Mr. Wilson, Chancellor of the Exchequer for India, as
he was pleased to call himself, with a salary of £7,000
per annum.

*.* From the extraordinary pressure upon our
columns we have been compelled to give a con-
densed report only of the proceedings at the
Birkenhead Banquet yesterday, and to hold over
till to-morrow several important articles, including
our Paris Letter and other matters of interest.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

ITALY.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
MILAN, August 27.

Without waiting for the official or private
details of Garibaldi's last daring feat in crossing
the Strait of Messina with 150 boats, in sight of

the Neapolitan cruisers, and being able to capture
only a single boat, is so incomprehensible that it
either shows a most lamentable wantof that daring
courage which would have thrown this fleet of
boats into the greatest disorder, and consequently
immense,loss, or it is an incontestible proof that
the Neapolitans have not a spark of Italian pluck
in their souls, or the commanders, fearing the
inevitable ruin of their Government, make but a
sham resistance,' and fire off a cannon or two in
order to be able to say that they attempted to
impede the landing of the revolutionists.
From a private telegram received by a com-
mercial house, it appears that even the Torino,
which was burnt and sunk by the Fulminante,
landed nearly all her men before the Neapolitan
frigate had pluck to come up to prevent the same.
This mode of fighting is most disgraceful to the
boasted courage and daring of the Neapolitan
navy, and a most shameful deceit on the Govern-
ment, by men who are neither serving Francis 11.
nor Garibaldi. The occupation of the town and
Castle of Reggio has made Garibaldi master of
the Strait of Messina, so that he may now, with
the greatest facility, receive from Messina what-
ever number of his men he thinks proper to com-
mence his operations on the mainland with.
The great and important question is, whether
we are to rely upon the intelligence which we
receive from Messina, that the insurrection has
spread itself to several points of Calabria, Basili-
cata, and Capitanata. Should the report be true,
it must compel the royal troops to divide their
forces to keep in cheek the people of these pro-
vinces, and 'thereby weaken the main body of
Bosco and Pianelli's army; but if these reports
turn out to he the simple wishes of the Garibaldini,
then the position and chances of the insurrectionists,
even with all their daring, can scarcely avail them
against such great odds, inasmuch as Pianelli and
Bosco would be enabled to concentrate their entire
forces in one point, or march against Garibaldi
before giving him time to drive the people to
revolt against the Government.
ill.), pi. aLc t. • _-„iva3 Illiorlil Lee wax
General Bosco (the same that was defeated at
Milazzo) has taken up a strong position at Mon-
teleone, having under his command a corps of not
less :than 20,000 or 25,000 men, and, from the
same source I am informed, is determined to make
the most desperate resistance ; but should Gari-
baldi, by that dashing onslaught and those bayonet
charges which have been the great secret of his
victories at Calatafimi, Palermo, and Milazzo,
succeed in breaking the lines of the royal troops
and throwing them into disorder, his triumph is
not yet complete, as Bosco would then fall back
and join Pianelli, whose united forces Garibaldi
would have to engage before he could hope to
reach Naples.
Let us suppose that Garibaldi defeats both
Bosco and Pianelli, it is almost impossible that he
could cut off the retreat of their forces, and pre_
vent them falling back upon the capital, where,
with a force of 50,000 or 60,000 men that now
hold the city, they would make their last and
most desperate struggle before Garibaldi could
plant his victorious colours upon the towers of
Sant' Elmo. All my letters that I have received
from friends at Naples agree in saying, that they
have every reason to believe the troops will
remain faithful. Should this be so, and the peo-
ple revolt against the government, the slaughter
and destruction of the city must be frightful, as it
appears that the King is determined to resist
to the last, even if he should be obliged to bom-
bard the city. With these few particulars, I
shall leave this part of the subject, to enter upon
another, namely—l shall also suppose that Gari-
baldi is, as Punch says, " getting on like a man
with a wheelbarrow, carrying every thing before
him," and that he carries before him Naples,
Rome, and even Venice, which perhaps would be
more easy than the accomplishment of the internal
organisation of mere states, so as to unite them
in such a manner as in one day, or in one year,
to succeed in crushing for ever those old jealousies,
rivalship, and factions, which have ever been the
curse of Italy. Let the correspondents of our
English journals extend their experience further
than the circle: of Garibaldi's staff, or a •particular
class of persons who are the enthusiastic support-
ers of the insurrectionary movement—let them
mix with every class of the people, resort to the
public rendezvous of merchants and tradesmen,
the cafés, alberghi, conversazioni, and the clubs,
then I believe many of their communications about
Sicily, Naples, Sand other parts of Italy, would
present. a very different picture. Is Sicily con-
tent with the present government ? Are not the
most powerfel factions at work to combat " the
despotic and absolute policy of the government.
at Palermo ?" Have we not had four changes of
government in less than three months ? and now
-our last news inform us of Signor Piola, Secre-
tary of State, having given in his resignation.
Has not the Provisional; Government of Palermo,
or rather Crispi, within the last week, ordered
the immediate expulsion from Sicily of Signori
Paternostro, Cortes, and' Campanlle, because they
were pressing upon the government for the
elections and convocation of an assembly of Sici-
lian representatives, and urging the , communes
not to lose sight of the importance of keeping
intact the autonomy of the island ? Does not the
Provisional Government permit a notorious re-
publican journal, that is published at Messina, to
indulge in the most insulting language against
Massimo d'Azelio, Signor Rattazi, Count Cavour,

and Cipriani ? This is the harmony which is at
present prevailing in Sicily. Let it not be
imagined that I am unsupported in what I have
written here, and in my former letters ; I send you
facts, not inventions to please but deceive my
countrymen, of the real state of affairs in that
island. The press confesses the disorder and
want of union that is now prevailing, and which
is even admitted by the Lombardia, the official
gazette. Here is an extract :—" The news
from Sicily is now beginning to assume a very
grave character, and creates much uneasiness, in
consequence of the great disorder which now
exists in some of the principal cities, owing to
the bitter contention between the partisans for
the immediate annexation by universal suffrage,
and those who insist upon the proclamation for
the union of all Italy, and consequently the post-
ponement of the wishes of the majority of the
every part of the Peninsula is free.
Signor beprotis Ana* the greatest difficulty in

the discharge of the duties of his office, by the
opposition he meets at every step. We hope,
however, that these parties will arrange their

differences, especially as this is not a moment
for disunion among Italians." With these facts

before us, and to almost repeat the same words
as abOve, let us suppose that Garibaldi takes
Naples, Rome, and Venice, will he or the Sar-
dinian Government succed in the organisation of
these states, without calculating the changes of
feeling on the part of the people, and the great
time that must pass before they can be brought into
anything like working order, or seasoned to the
laws of Piedmont ? Again, how many cries

would thunder forth for keeping inviolable the
autonomy of this state, the preservation of
especial privileges by another ; the determined
opposition not to yield the prestige and influence

of a third; the entire annihilation of the seat of
Government and court of a fourth; the utter
destruction of the interests of many of the prin-

cipal cities by the concentration of all, or nearly
all, the administrative affairs of the kingdom in
a central capital. In a word, the entire trans-
formation of almost the whole of the Peninsula

would be such a gigantic undertaking, that every

- -
Italian minister would sink under the task, and I

firmly believe end in such a chaos as to lead to a
civil war among the Italians. Again I repeat
that I am not unsupported in this opinion : it is
the conviction of thousands of the most en-

lightened Italians of every city in Italy. Last
evening, being at the club of this city, my con-
versation with a very distinguished nobleman

turned upon the same subject, when he said—" I
tell you frankly, sir, the union of Naples with us
would be a great embarassment, and no gain : we
have already enough to do. Let us have an
alliance, honestly combined, between Francis 11.
and Victor Emmanuel. The Neapolitans them-
selves do not wish for tke annexation, but a loyal
alliance of the governments ; this is also the
general wish of this part of Italy. lam afraid
Garibaldi is pushing matters too far." This I
know to be the general opinion of the people of
the North of Italy. Make Italy as free and

constitutional as you please, enter into whatever
alliance you wish, even take the political pro-
gramme of the Emperor of the French for the
final adjustment of the peace and happiness of
Italy, but to talk of making it one kingdom is
not only a gigantic delusion; but to talk of that
which, if realised, would speedily open the way
for the return of those despots who have been so
justly and ignominiously driven from their
states. Time will prove the truth of these obser-
vations.

Our private despatches from Naples inform us
that a desperate fight took place at Reggio,
between the Royal troops under the command of
General Vial and the Garibaldini, which, it is
said, lasted five hours. Vial retired to Monte-
leone, and immediately sent to Naples his
resignation, the cause of which is beyond all
doubt that the Government refused to send him
the reinforcements demanded more than ten days
ago. Benevento is in a state of insurrection.
Armed bodies of men are marching towards
Avellino. Boldoni is at the head of 2,000 men.
The Royal troops have abandoned Puglie. A
despatch received this morning informs us that
another body of Garibaldini, 8,000 strong, have
also effected a landing in Calabria without the
least molestation from the Neapolitan cruisers.
I cannot close this letter without giving your
readers a sample of the impotency of the civil
authorities of this city, and the savage fury of
the mob, which every day is getting the upper
hand of the force for preserving public order,
and, if allowed to go unbridled by the strong
arm of the law, God only knows where it will
end. The first ease occurred at a cafe well
known to me, called the Cafe Swizzero, and
almost entirely frequented by Swiss and Prussian
silk merchants and their clerks. On Wednesday
last a report was current that some of the cus-
tomers on the 18th instant, the anniversary of the
Emperor of Austria's birth-day, expressly met to
drink to the health of the Emperor, but which
has been denied by all who were present, many
being men too honourable to descend to a false-
hood. However, this was no preventive to a set
of brutaFrascals, who entered the cafe about ten
in the evening (the hour it is most frequented)
and place upon the billiard table several pump-
kins (which are here considered as symbolical of
the Germans), at the same time saying " take
these and present them to your Emperor." An
unprovoked insult like this naturally called forth
a PPrws,-...0 L of
LIIVZG V, Lo.• yCI
present, which was met by the foulest language
and a general onslaught of those ruffians, who
were joined by another party outside, when the
Swiss and Prussians were obliged to make their
retreat from the fury of the mob, but not before
several were severely wounded and beaten. Then
commenced the destruction of the property of the
cafe, including several large mirrors, and per-
haps would have ended by setting fire to the
house, if the officers of the Questura and National
Guard had not arrived to stop further mischief.
On the following evening (24th instant) similar
scenes took place • at the Pensione Swizzero, Pre
Swizzeri, Beiclnann's H'titel, and several other
Swiss and Prussian houses, the mob yelling in
the most frightful manner, and threatening
destruction of life and property unless the signs
of these houses were immediately removed, which
of course was done to appease the fury of these
rascals, the poor foreigners who were lodging at
the same being almost frightened out of their
lives. If this rabble is permitted to run unchecked
through the city, not a single foreigner will be
permitted to open his mouth, or whose Govern-
ment does not favour the revolutionary or republic
7endencies of a brutal mob, without the certainty
of being insulted and illtreated. I have heard
that the police have ordered the closing of the
above cafe, without a centesimi of compensation
for the destruction of the proprietor's property,
thus driving the poor devil to a state of ruin.
This is Italian liberty.
I must add a few more words. A friend has
this moment placed in my hand the Unione of
yesterday evening, which states that on the 23rd
instant 400 volunteers left Parma by the morn-
ing train for Genoa, in spite of the remonstrances
of the civil authorities of that city, whose only
resource was to immediately telegraph to Genoa
the departure of the volunteers. 'The governor,
on receiving this news, immediately obtained a
sufficient force, and went to the station of Genoa
to wait the arrival of the volunteers. As soon as
the train came in it was taken possession of by
the Carabineers; and ordered to return imme-
diately to Parma. A show of resistance was
offered, but it was at once put down, when the
volunteers shouted Viva la .Republica ! These are
-the little beginnings to more serious disorders.
Now that I speak of silk merchants, I cannot
understand the reason that we have not one
English silk house in this city. We English
spread ourselves to almost every part of the
world, and notwithstanding that this is the
largest silk market in Europe, still we have not
even a branch house in any part of Lombardy or
Italy. Here we have Prussian, French, and
Swiss houses—why not an English house ? lam
positive that it would be an excellent specula-
tion. I know many young Swiss and Prussians
who came here ten or twelve years ago with
scarcely a franc in their pocket, and little by
little, backed up with industry and perseverance,
have in this time accumulated a capital of not
less than 2,000 or 3,000 francs. Cannot some
young English merchant do the same ? Another
fact worthy of mention is that for the last fifteen
years I have not known one of these silk houses
to fail.