The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1881-10-08 00:00:00

THE RESULTS OF PROTECTION IN
GERMANY.

The Berlin correspondent of the Standard states that
the most important Chambers of Commerce in the
various States of Germany, which consist partly of
protectionists and partly of free traders, have just
published their reports for 1880. The overwhelming
majority of these bodies (the correspondent says) re-
ject and condemn the new protectionist Customs policy.
They oppose any increase in this class of taxes. They
show clearly the fallacy which the protectionist papers
and politicians have been attempting to propagate—
the fallacy, namely, that the high Uustoms duties
which have been imposed are paid by foreign nations.
They show further that the home consumption of Ger-
many has decreased and not increased, as the protec-
tionists allege, and that, therefore, the new policy is
very prejOicial to tlr economic and commercial inte-
rests-of The'emPiik 'en th*Chamber of Commerce
of Strasburg, in Alsace, which is notorious for its pro-
tectionist proclivities, strongly protests against the
surtaxes d'entrepBt.

A "Peeplo's Edition" of Sir Theodore Martin's
Lkie of the Prince Comort will shortly be published. The
issue will be in five volumes, at sixpence each.

A LAND BILL FOR ENGLAND.

The following is the text of the Bill which has been
driifted under the auspices of the Farmers' Alliance, and
which it is intended to submit for the consideration of Par-
liament next session :

A Bill to amend the law relating to the occupation of
lands in England and for other purposes
-

Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent
Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the
Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, in this
present Parliament assembled, and by the authority
of the same; as follows :
I.—This :Act may be cited as the Landlord and
Tenant Act (England), 1882.
2.—This Act shall not apply to Ireland or Scot-
land.
3.—ln this Act—
"Contract of tenancy" means a letting of land for
a term of years, or for lives, or for lives and years, or
from year to year, or at will.

" Isetermination of tenancy" means the cesser of a
contract of tenancy by reason of effluxion of time or
from any other cause.
" Landlord" means the person for the time being
entitled to possession of land subject to a contract of
tenancy, or entitled to receipt of rent reserved upon a
contract of tenancy, whatever be the extent of his
interest, and hlthough the land or his interest therein
is encumbered or charged by himself or his settlor or
otherwise to any extent ; the party to a contract of
tenancy under which land is actually occupied being
alone deemed to be the landlord in relation to the
actual occupier.
" Tenant " means the holder of land under a con-
tract of tenancy.
"Landlord" or " tenant " includes the heirs ex-
ecutors, administrators, assigns, legatees, husband,
guardian, committee of estate, or trustees in bank-
ruptcy, of a landlord or tenant.
"Holding" includes all land agricultural or pastoral
or partly agricultural and partly pastoral held by the
same tenant of the same landlord for the same term
under the same contract of tenancy.
" Improvement " means anything done by the tenant
of a holding whereby the letting value of the holding
is increased. . .

"Deterioration" means anything done or omitted
to be done by the tenant of a holding whereby the
letting value of the holding is diminished.
'The Court" means the Court by this Act estab-
lished.

" Person " includes a body of persons and a corpora-
tion aggregate or sole.

COMPENSATION FOR IMPROVEMENTS.

4.—From and after the passing of this Act, on the de-
termination of any tenancy, every tenant shall be en-
titled to compensation for the improvements made by
him in his holding, or acquired by him under the pro-
visions of this Act.

s.—The amount of such compensation shall be the
sum a that a person having sufficient means to cultivats
the holding is willing to give in consideration of being
admitted as tenant of the holding at the rent payable
by the/out-going tenant, or at such increased or de-
creased rent as may have been determined in the
manner by this Act provided.
6.—The landlord may discharge his liability in re-
spect of the tenant's improvements in his option.
(1.) By admitting the person making such offer as
tenant of the holding; provided that in this case such
person is admitted for a term of not less than seven
years at the same rent as was payable by the oat-
going tenant, or at the rent determined under the
provisions of this Act, and that the incoming tenant
is not subject to conditions, agreements, or covenants
more onerous than the conditions, agreements, or
covenants by which the outgoing tenant was bound;
or (2) by paying the amount of compensation offered
to the tenant, provided that the landlord shall give
six months' notice in writing to the tenant of his in-
tention to pay such compensation.
7. At any time, but not less than one year before
the determination of a tenaxcy the landlord may give
notice in writing to the tenant that the rent payable
by the tenant is too low for the purpose of estimating
the compensation due to the tenant for his improve-
ments, and at any time not less than one year, before
the determination of a tenancy the tenant may give
notice in writing to the landlord that the rent payable
by him is too high for the same purpose. Where no
such notice shall have been given either by the land-
lord or by the tenant, the rent for the purpose of esti-
mating such compensation shall be the rent payable
by the outgoing tenant.

8. Where the landlord and tenant are unable to
agree in respect of such increase or diminution of rent,
eith.r party may apply to the Court to determine
the difference between them, provided that where any
application for an increase or decrease of rent has
been heard and determined no application for an in-
crease or decrease of rent, as the case may be, shall
be entertained in respect of the same holding until
seven years have expired from the date of such deter-
mination.

9. Upon any such application, if it is proved that
the value of the holding has increased in the period
during which the tenant has occupied the holding
from causes other than the improvements made or ac-
quiri2(l by the tenant, the Court shall estimate the
amount of such increase and determine the rent that
shad he deemed to be the rent of the holding to a
per nso offering to pay compensation for sub improve-
ments. If it is proved that the value of the holding
has diminished during the same period from causes
other than the acts or defaults of the tenant, the Court
shall estimate the amount of such decrease, in so far as
it has occurred independently of the acts or defaults of
the tenant, and shall determine the rent that shall be
deemed to be the rent of the holding to a person offer-
ing to pay compensa!ion to the tenant.

10. When a landlord elects to pay compensation the
same shall be due on the determination of the tenancy,
subject to any claim against the tenant for rent, and
the tenant shall have an absolute charge on the inheri-
tance or fee of the holding in respect of such sum ;
and the tenant may assign his charge, either absolutely
or by way of security, to any person.