The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-11-20 00:00:00

GARIBALDI AT HOME.

WHATEVER we may think of those who have
made a tool of GARIBALDI, ,we believe 'no
Man doubts the purity of motive, and the dignity
otconduct which have been made manifest by the
successful adVentures of the real 'champion of
Italian unity and independence. A vast change
has taken place in the relation he bears towards
the half accomplished revolution ; but we have
no reason to suppose that any essential change
has occurred in the principles or purpose of the
noble, free, and patriotic chieftain. Ho has
retired from the scene of action, but his heart is
still with the Italian cause. It is not for a
moment to be supposed that he sinks back into
obseurity, satisfied with what he has accomplished,
and resolved 'to enter no more into active life,
unless something he has achieved shall be impe-
rilled or undone. N'either is it to be imagined
that all he desiderates is merely the emancipation
of two small remnants of Italian sOil—the one
from French, the other from Austrian, domain.
He has sought retirement for repose, in order
merely to strengthen himself for an 'onset upon
France or upon Austria. To know the true
meaning, of his temporary retreat from the stage
of political and military life, we must understand
something of , the meaning of what he 'has
actually sought for, and, so far, accomplished.
But,,without pretending to know all that GARI-
BALDI may have actually contemplated, it is
enough for us to Understand that he has not
approved of all that has followed upon his self-
denying victories. His devotion to VICTOR EM-
MANUEL is a great fact ;—his repugnance to the
course of action adopted by the King of Sardinia
is equally established matter of history. The-
simple truth is that GARIBALDI'S secession from
the scene of action is only a solemn protest
acaninst Sardinian invasion and infidelity to the
universally recognised,principles of fair play and
even-handed, justice. How far it redounds to
the credit* and respectability of VICTOR EM-
MANUEL that he has not been able to reconcile'
GARIBALDI to his policy, and what probability
this significant fact affords in favour of the
future progress of Italian unity and freedom, we
leave impartial minds:to determine. In our hum-
ble opinion it does not augur well.
GARIBALDI looks upon the present government
of VICTOR EMMANUEL as opposed to the cause
which he, had always, and still has, at heart.
France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia have alike
protested against the course of„ Sardinia. The
pusillanimous Foreign Minister of ',England alone'
has gratuitously and unnecessarily stepped aside
to applaud the irregular and unprecedented pro-
cedure of the Sardinian, Government. The people
of England sympathise with GARIBALDI, and
recognise the propriety of the protests of the Great
Powers We have named. Lord JOHN• RUSSELL
therefore stands as much isolated in England, as
Vicrou EMMANUEL does in Eui-ope; in his daring
attempts to set at defiance all international law
and order, Whatever may be said in vindication
of GARIBALDI as an independent and successful
adventurer; riot one word can justly be advanced
on behalf of the invasions of the Piedmontese
Sovereign of the, territories of other sovereigns
with whom he was at peace. GARIBALDI, as an
Italian; fought for the regeneration of firs country.
The whole task he had set before him might
or might not have been Within his power
to achieve. But he has been set aside by
one who haS riot thought the most unprincipled
concessions to foreign—even to French—in-
finenceS, an obstacle to the gratification of dynastic
ambition. Our hearts are with the Italians, and
against their oppressors. Our voice is for. GARI-
BALDI. But his voice and ours are equally
opposed to the unscrupulous avarice of VICTOR
EMMANUEL—the sycophantic creature of French
intrigue and Napoleonic aggression.: GARIBALDI
has besought his countrymen to rely on them-
selves. VICTOR EMMANUEL,-for well-known and
base reasons, has taught his subjects to rely on
French patronage, and to succumb to French
dictation. The explOits of GARIBALDI have been
achieved, in the face of all enemies, reliant only
on his own and his army's prowess. The stealthy
and .inglorious marches of the Sardinian arms
have been only where no resistance worthy of the
name remained, and its last and only triumph
has been over the one disinterested Italian, to
whom alone is due what progress has been made
for the unification of Italy.
r!!
The present position of Italy, therefore,

afthrds ,but small ground for congrattilatipn
The future is still' more. problematical. That a
system inaugurated under auspices, upon which
the great GARIBALDI frowns Witt. disgust, should
ever do much for the real benefit of that country
seems more than doubtful. TO Europe generally
and to all who especially deprecate the perpetua-
tion of Franco-Sardinian conspiracies against the
present balance of power on the Continent, it
cannot but be matter of intense satisfaction that
so able a soldier should .have taken a stet); by
retiring to his. rock-girt farm and island; which
secures-his independence of thought and action:
It were indeed a strange sight toi see the standard '
of England flying alongside the red flag of the
Garibaldini, in 4eganee of French usurpation
and Sardinian complicity. It were still more
odd to 'find GARIBALDI erig,aged in one com-'
pact with Austria to defend the pretended
friends :of Italy. But who can scan thii
firture P Arid stirely, while there is only 406
geed reaSon to fear that LOUIS NAPOLEON medi-:
tates the subversion of Eifglish influenee and
power in the Mediterranean, and eqiidl ground
for suspecting. that VICTOR EMMANUEL is pre-
pared to back Loris NAPOLEON against both
England and Austria, it may not be altogether
beyond the calculations of probabilities to stir
pose that such at present apparently anomalous
combination should be formed. In any case,
' •
GARIBALDI has silently, but solemnly and effec-
tually, protested against Sardinian policy, and
set himself free to act according to the require-
ments of any emergency.
The question of most practical ,importance to„
England now seems to be, shall Genoa and Sar-
dinia, and probably some other valuable terri-
tories, become French ? We have no reason to
trust to VICTOR EMMANUEL to prevent the
realisation of this ambitious project. May we not
safely calculate on the veto of GARIBALDI against
such a proposition ? Austria, having Venetia at;
stake,. might also be enlisted in the prohibitotYl.
enterprise. "Necessity makes strange bedfellows,"
and there is no saying what necessity,there may be
for our seeking alliances elsewhere thari in France-
In the event of certain emergencies, the indepen-
dent position of GARIBALDI may be invaluable.
At all events, it is satisfactory to know- that the
disinterested soldier of freedom has no participa-
tint in the wily schemes patronised by France
for the'promotion of Napoleonic ambition. If 'we
.had a more competent Foreign Minister,' this fact
of itself might be turned to the best account for
the future. Fortunately, the. people of England
are so 'far alive to the inadequacy of our present
Ministers, and we have every hope that the pope'
lar impression will be maintained as to the iieeeS-'
sits 'of unremitting watchfulness over their
foreign policy. .While we may have no objet'
tion to the cry of " ItalY'for the Italians," let ti. 3
see to it that the working out of the problem
does riot involve the transmutation of the Medi-
terranean into a French lake.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE•

FRANCE.
(PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Monday, Nov. 19.

In Italy, the progress of the siege of Gaeta,ha&
naturally come to
.be the 'principal subject of
attention, the taking of that fortress being inclis-•
pensible for the fusion of the southern' provinces
with the kingdom of Victor Emmanuel. Accord-
ing to Turin accpunts, several ships of the
national navy will contribute their aid toward&
the operations of the besieger's; and competent
judges give out that from twenty-five to thirty
days, must elapse before_ the assault can be ded
livered. But it can scarcely be supposed that
the garrison will hold together during the con-,
tinuance of a protracted',: bombardment, and
therefore a capitulation may be daily looked for.
The latest intelligence from-ciaeta (13th Nov.) is
to the effect that the Pialmonteie 'commenced.
the bombardment on the 12th, the fire -blra._g
directed against the suburba of the` inaed.l Trlte
Neapolitan troops .are spoken of as,fighting with
great resolution, but the clefeCtiOns among the
general officers and the staff are hourly increas-
ing. The Espero of Turin, of the 15th, has the
following remarks on the difficulties of the
siege operations :=7--

The works against Gaeta are, being continued with
activity, but our officers and engineers are meeting with
great difficulties; owing to the irregular and rocky
nature of the ground. ,
The attack against the place will commence imme- '
diately, If the fortress requires to be taken by assault,
it is estimated that the besiegers, in consequence of the
nature of the ground and of the fortifications thrown up
by the enemy, will not be in a condition to deliver it for
a month ; but it is expected that the; garrison, being
unwilling to 'endure a long bombardment, will be com-
pelled to; capitulate. Had our navy co-operated with
the lantVforces, the siege would have been less pro-
tricted;' but as.things sare, the attack can onlybe made
from the land side, which is to be regretted, as it wilt
involve a greater amount of bloodshed.
The Libera Parola of Naples asserts that the
recent order of the day of 'King Victor has pro-
duced a bad effect in theranks of the Garibaldian
Volunteers. The. officers and men, as was per-
haps not unnatural, fully expected that they
would have been received into the army of Italy
on equal terms with the Piedtriontese; but, in-
stead of that, King Victor,, while declaring that
" the Garibaldian army. has deserved well of the
,country and of us," has contented himself with
appointing a commission, with General Fanti at
its head, assisted by Generals Sirtori,
Cosenz, and Cialditii, to enquire into the whole
subject, and report. It seems'to be considered very
doubtful whether'. anything like an assimilation of
the two armies will be recommended; and if so►
there will necessarily be a great deal of discon-
tent and dissatisfaction.

With respect to the task which has devolved
on M:Farini, in his capacity •of Viceroy of the
Neapolitan provinces; I have seen a letter from
Naples, which states that he has already encoun-
tered the greatest difficulties. The pro-consuls
it is said, who were sent into. the provinces by
M. Bertani, have so•disorganised the administra-
tion of public affairs in the departments, and se
identified themselves, with a .system of political
favouritism, that
.fresh evils have been `added to
former, ones. "The moral force of authority, has
disappeared, or, if it exists, it is weak andineffi-
cacions, It is, in fact, difficult to give even an
idea of the -real situation of the country."' The
labour of Hercules will haVe to be .repeated.
While on this subject I nia,y give you the follow-
ing account, which is re-published in one of the
Paris papers 'from an ordinarily well-informed
journal, "II Tempo " (The Tinzes), of the mode
in which the division of now Italy is to be carried
out. • This journal says— . _
The continental Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples
will be divided into five grand districts, and Sicily into
three. • Ombria and the . Marolies,-.will each form cue
province.. The system of GovernorS'ivill shortly be stir
pressed, and that of
," Intendants " will be reverted to.
There will afterwards be only Governors of districts,Od
not of provinces. A fresh. enumeration. of. the. number,
of inhabitants in each sub-division will be proceeded
with; "Some of the. sub:-diviSiOna which are inOre exten-
sive in size and population than ihe others, will contri
bnte' to the enlargement, in these respects, of the smaller
ones, tllo basis on which the reparation is to take pia°
buin2; that of 100,000 souls to each:sub7division.

The following remarkable compliment to the
loyaute of the French. Government was inserted
in the last number of the Gaeta Gazelle, and
was reproduced in the Paine of yesterday even'
ing, without comment of any kind :
The Customs authorities of France have decided that
the native ships of the kingdom of. the Two Sicilies, if
they present themselves in the ports of the French
empire ,with their .papers, and under the revolutionary
flag, shall not participate in the advantages which are
guaranteed to royal subjects by our treaty of commerce
with Frati6e. This determination, which is so highlY,
honourable to the Imperial Government, has no need of
comment or eulogiums. It has been dictated by that
straightforwardness (lo.ilaute) of intention and of poh-
ticAl conduct which uniformly distinguishes all the acts
of. the French GovernMent. _ _ _

Credo Judecus. The Emperor Napoleon will here
see that there is one quarter'of the world, at ,all
events, *here the .acts of his government aro
appreciated.
It is stated 'that Garibaldi met with a most
agreeable surprise on his arrival at his home
in
Captera. The circumstances are thus alluded to
in one of the Italian papers :—" General Gari-
baldi 'arrived safely at Caprera, but on nearing
the shore he was agreeably surprised to find►
instead of a barren land, of the wild and savage
aspect which it presented. when he left it, a
flourishing, island, bearing traces of recent culti-
vation, plantations in good -order,.-.bushy

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and shrubs in abundance. He inquired whether
the island before him were really his own
Island of Capiera, for it seemed as if it had
been changed by the wand of a magician ;
but: hi-s astonishment was still further increased
when, in lieu of his own modest little house, he
found himself standing in front of an elegant and
charming little villa. What enchanter's hand
had effected all these changes ? He was at no
loss to answer this question as soon as he entered
the house, for on the walls of a large handsome
(lining-1.60in, in which he found himself standing,
there *as before him a large picture, which he saw
ti glance was the portrait of Victor Emmanuel."
This is a most interesting story. I only fear
that there is too much of the air of romance
about it.
The Vienna papers publish a. prOCiamation
Which tl;'as clandestinely pelted up in Venice,
-*lid in. Which the 'Central Venetian committee
calls upon ail the Venetian sailors to go and take
berViee in the Sardo-Neapolitan fleet.
The following extract from the Moniteur of
yesterday says all that has been said in the Paris
press respecting the voyage of the Empress ,to
Scotland, excepting what they have reproduced
from the English papers:—" The grievous blow
Which Her Majesty the Empress has experienced
In her family affections, has rendered 'a
change of air necessary to her health. Her Ma-
Sesty left three days ago to ma'ke a journey of
Some weeks in England and Scotland. Her
Majesty set off on Wednesday morning, and the
mperor accompanied her to the railway station:"
To conjecture and imagination, 'therefore, must be
left the office of supplying all the other facts of
the ease.
There was another Council of Ministers held on
Saturday, under the presidency of the Emperor.
A short time ago, M. C. M. Guillemin was
instructed by the telegraphic department of the
Government to investigate a variety of questions
relative to the construction of submarine tele-
graphic cables; he was recommended especially
to ascertain why the condensation, and con-
sequently the delay in the transmission of the
Eignals, varied with the. nature of the thickness
of the isolating substance on the one hand, and
With the length of the conductor on the other.
M. Guillemin has arrived at the following con-
chisions Caoutchouc isolates better and
condenses less than gutty percha ; 2nd, condensa-
tion diminishes with the thickness of the insulating'
covering; 3rd, the electric charge increases with .
the diameter of the conducting wire ; 4th, in a
cable composed of several insulated conductorS,
the effects arising from condensation, compared
With-that which takes place in a Leyden jar, are 1
very intense, and the currents of induction
analagous to those
,of the " bobines." are very I
Weak.

LATEST NEWS.

(13Y BRITISH AND IRISH MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)

PREPARATION AT THE CASTLE OF
BITTERSTEIN FOR FRANCIS 11.
The Castle of Bitterstein, near Munich, is being
Prepared for the reception of Francis 11., of Naples.