The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1868-01-21 00:00:00

ilgriculturt.

THE MANAGEMENT
..OF COW STOCK IN

-iioitsrr.

At the last meeting of the Dorchester Farmer.' Club
the aubject for discussion was the breeding and manage'
meet of on. stock, and it was introduced by Mr. If..
Gene, of Watersoo, the Vice. President of the society,
who read the following capital paper
Dorsetehire is justly celebrated for it.. dairy produce,
and no small portion of its agricultural espind to in.
vested in herds of horned cattle. numbering, according
to the statistics of 1866, over 70,000; but I believe those
figures are for below the mark. I therefore venture to
assume that some enquiries into, and remarks upon, the
various breeds and general management of that truly
valuable animal, the dairy cow, may not be devoid of
use or interest. There are few creatures more thoroughly
ueeful to man, or that add more to hie comfort; we
derive very great benefit from it. powers when living,
and from many portions of it. carcase when dead. After
• few brief observations on the different breeds, I will,
with sour permission, take the young animal from its
mother's r&le, and trace its ezietence till it arrives at
full mattority, and is fit to be "knocked down" by th.
auctioneer or butcher. It will be needlem to occupy
',our time by describing et length the varieties of cattle
fop which the British Isles are no famous—Devon.,
Ito Monis, Shorthorn; Alderney's, kg,, are all well
known to you; each breed han its peculiar excellence,
but those perfections are not asleep, to be produced under
the seine circumstances. The diminutive Kerry cow, or
the Alderney, will do well, and make • fair return, one
thin per soil, with scanty berbag ,• where a pedigree.
cow o'oubtlems would obtain • bare subsistence, and
therefore it is incanoleent on the 'soak keeper to be care-
fel that the ohs. of enjoy al he determines to cultivate,
to milk, or to fa tten. is suited for the ei mein steno... under
which it bee to coast; end it may be pnerally observed
that the breed o-r -leeeription of cattle found in a locality
',that beet adaptelto ite peculiarities of soil and climate.
For the large &Ores of this county, I believe the Devons
or Herefords will away, he found to make a better
return than any other ecort. They are hardy, good
milchers, and fatten well, and their beef is of the first
quality ; the best lands will undoubtedly Garry • good
shorthorn, and, to any one not desirous of possessing •
particular breed, the use of a shorthoru bull, with either •
Devon, or Hensler Is, will produce • valuable animal for
the dairymen or butcher. In any me quality must not
be lent eight of; • coarse, largmbered, mongrel-bred
bullock will not prove saleable or profitable; on tie
other hand, atislll too delicately bred may be suitable
for amateur farmers and exhibitor,., but, as rent-payers,
most jive place to their relatives. largo, r, better ludo:hers,
and more certain breeders. Size, aptitude to fatten,
milking qualities, together with adaptation to the soil
and quality of fodder, must be the grand consider.
ations so as to produce the greatest return in milk or
flesh from • quantity of fool. The best milt:ober is fres
quently light-fleshed, and in many points not an
animal you would select to pay most money as 'grazer;
but the latter gives a profit only by its death, whilst
the former probably yields for many years a good
percentage on the cost of the food supplied, and at
hot, if of good quality, is worth something to fatten.
As working oxen, I think none are so active, docile,
and enduring., well.bsed Devon.. In speaking of the
general management of stock, allow me to observe that
I have DO new principle to advance, or any fact not
already well known to the mejority present, anol in
simply quoting from my own practice, I do so with
the hope of having an opportuuity of ascertaining this
evening how far that practice may be approved or
omidemned by the more mature judgment of friends
around me. The dairyman's year moot commonly begins
at Condleones, and at this time, or rather before, cows
sheuld comm.-nee calving; early calves (three born in
January, lhbruary, and March), are always the bout;
they wean better, and generally make the most
progress through the summer. Veal, too, is worth
mme the early pout of the season. and in six or eight
weeks those intended for the butcher should be fit to
go. At about eight days old them meant for .took are
teken from their damn and fed twice • day with warm
ski oomed milk. Thu diet nyay be much improved by
the addition of linseed tea, and at an twly period the
calves should be supplieol with • little barley or besn
meal in • trough, which they would soon learn to
appropriate. The economy of thus rearing calves Is
questioned by some, and those intenotel to compete for
prizes in after life, generelly, I believe, suck their
mothers for many months •' early maturity is then, sod
in many other coos, the object 'tonight, and the young
animal is pampered in every conceivable way that skill
gas d elate. In, however, breedong an animal for stock
purpows, to he fed and kept for smite veers for she sake
of its poodnee in the shape of itoilk, better, and cheese
I think it is highly uudesirable to force name° unoulv ;
proper nutriment mutt be afforded to keep it in health
and vigour, and that need not be exceeole I. Calve.
reared by d•iryman (trim rent cows of the owner, and
who form SO uNeful • claim in this *Gouty). are most
commonly fed on skimmed milk only, with the excep•
lion of a little good hay when old enough to eat it By
the middle of May tbev should be fit to turn out to
grow, and are then taken by the farmer, if h. want.
there. Toe y now requ're the greatest care, and will
we'd repay the cost 'ifs little oilcake daily. A she 1
should he. provided for them to run in and out of either
he shelter or shade; WO Many Must not bo kept
together, nor should they remain too I -ng withoont
change ; loundreem of Cele& are ,ost annually from the
neglect of these precaution,' at this critical age—Oliee
get the animal below par, and it is sehject to hoose,
.cour, iuoligestion, pleura, or some others of the many
to which calfhood is exposed, and the expenae '
then incurred in medioane, and stimulants to
keep alive • poor unhealthy animal will be
double or treble what might have been
judiciounly and proofitebly employed in inaint -ining it in
a snowing and thriving eon-lit:on. :1130111.1 Wahl be
scarce &Mills the summer, calves will de well on veteloos
or trifoilium eut for them. Liter in the season they will
be put into a piece of eftertrass: sortie prefer old
posture; atoll bite of grass is indi•pensable. When the
nights get colol ant frosty in the autumn, thee shoul I
tizain have the bens lit of nhelto r, and • little good bay
in tie mornings. This will be their diet through the
winter, with a run on sonic pale land by day, end if
• .me nor, can lie •ffotolool tho•no an much the bolter,
or • email mortion od c•ke wall be • good equivalent.
In the following May. if they are intended to calve at
two yo &retold, they will ho put to the hull ; in Dila case
they must necesarily be kept well the first year, or
they will be defi :rent in use. A cross-bred animal thus
managed is, I believe, as proetable as any that ran be
kept; it begins to make a return a year sooner than is
customary, and the year's rent is sometimes nearly the
value of the heifer. The more usual course, however,
adopted with herds of a purer breed, is to run the
heifer+ on the old pastures f x the moon I and third
summers, and in the winter in yards, fed on straw and
roots, or cake, and to introduce them to the dairyman at
three years old with calves by their aides. A certain
number of acres of spring feed, eowleme, and after.grass
and hay, is allotted to the dairyman in proportion to
the number of mows he rent, and the quality of the
land, and the farmer has but little to do with them until
the end of the year, or when they are "dry," about
eight or ten weeks before the time they are expected to
calve again. Situated as dairy houses frequently are,
In • remote part of the farm, at • considerable distance
from the renidence of the farmer, it in no doubt most
advieable to let the cow,; but where it is contiguous to
the farmstead, and the °fleshed; yard., piggeries, and
other buildinge are conveniently pissed, it is, I think,
very far preferable to hire • manager, and keep the
bueiness in your own hand.; you oan then feed the
cows where and how you like, according to seasons.
They need not be confined to a prescribed range, and
the flock, or other stock, may sometimes he benefited
without injury to the dairy ; scope Is only given fo-
artificial feeding—roots, 'eke, grains, and other things
may be used with advantage when grass is short, or hay
dry and perhaps badly made and innutritions. Almost
starry time the produce of a dairy sow may be increased
by an allownnes of rape, Gotten, or linseed cab.;
the milk will be better In quality, and the
quantity of butter more. Another advantage
arising from managing your own cows is that of breed-
ing pigs, for whieh the assistance of • daisy is no
serviceable. When old enough they may be trans-
ferred to the farm, and, with some roots aul barley,
converted hoe pork; not at all time; You will says a
paying concern; but on the other hound, pigs and pork
are not sissy, so unreasonably low in price as of lam,
and the quantity of valuable manure made is worthy of
oonsideratioe. Partly from the system of making, and
In some tie mare, p. rhapa, from peculiarity of soil.
Dorset butter stands unrivalled, and oommanes thn belt
prise. Cheeee made from the ekinuned milk has its
Patrons toe, and • good "double Dereet' is preferred
he many to the beet Cheddar. The production of
whole, or hest cheese, after the fashion of Somerset-
shire, is, I believe, on the increase in the county, anal is
said to be more remunerative than better making; but
the process requires to be well understood, and must be
conducted With great care and precieion. To sell the
milk unmanufsetured, If you our Pt • convenient
• market for it, is undoubtedly the way to make the best
return front • dairy, even without the assistance of the
"cow with the iron tail." When the cow. are relinquished
by the dairyman, usually about the end of November,
t ey are put in • straw yard, sometimes; with • run by
day on some rough grass lean. The plan of compelling
the peer animals to eulogist on straw and water only is
midday besioroing obeolete ; the manure so made can be
, but little better than straw, and the eoonotny of tieing
from 21b. to 41b. per day per cow of either rape, cotton,
or linseed cake. is unquestionable ; the animal will pay
for it, whilst the manure will be of fur superior valise.
Befere leaving this part of my subjsct, I wish to call
your attention to the lose frequently experienced from
cows and heifers casting, or warping their oojees, This,
no doom, sometimes arises from could and exposure on
wet badly drained land, and from not being supplied
with shelter and dry food in prelim- season ; at other
times it is difficult to assign • cause. For years peat I
hare mwroell had • slip-calf cow, certainly have not
averaged one in two 'SAM ; but now the MISS la altered,
and this was partly My reason for chosoine this subject
For discussioon, as I wished to get some opinions on the
matter. My cows have been treated SS Usual, with the
exception that, instead of the early ones, having been put
away to • straw-yard, the weather baying been so dry.
they have bean running in the ordinary ...low with
these later in calf, and have been tied up in • stall at
night, with straw and a little rape cake (about 21b, per
day). Seven of the best cows have salved, and from
them I have but two living calves, mid one of them is
premature and scarcely worth saying. Of the others
two were cast at about seven months, and the others
within • week or so of their proper time, and were
apparently heathy and well developed, but dos& f
can think of no reason for theme mishap*, and hope there
will be no more of them, as the sew. are strong and
healthy, but shall feel obliged if gentlemen will give
me their ideas on the ease. A few remarks on grazing
will now conclude my paper. I believe the principle is
correct to a great extent, that on moot farm, as much
as possible of the out•going stock should he Gold fat.
Animals can no doubt be grazed at less wet on rich
land ; but the poor thin farm requires ell the geed
manure than can be made epee it, and tint derived from
growing or breeding animals as root no powerful as that
obteibed from adults tied on rich nitrogenous food, a
portion, only of the compounds of which has been
assimilated by the animal. Stall feeding, as well as pie
fattening, may frequently be proved not to pay; but,
at the same time, it may iedireetly be good economy to
do both, and lain sure our old friend, Mr. Meehe will
support me in this lINIHDPMOO. A lett., of his In
Belts Jleastoper of Monday lash me much to the point,
and is well worth studying. He says, "fhe food
Mat mak« fee will mot =ate bop or Lean, and so on,
with other puts of the Wag. •WI grows

with it. bone and lean already made, sheath'
differently fed from a young growing animal. From
want of knowindge in this matter, some farni,na
wage an iminniMe quantity of food by failing xo
a proper return for it in meat or milk lw
the following table it will be awn tbat I mve bran
' to mate bone, malt womb* to produce lean or mueol.
,
in addition to the ordinary food. The eondimentalfoo4
I Bad important. In the crutihed and boiled linseed we
get rich and soft fat; bean meal gives 6rmneen Animals
that oat 11,1E10 generally turn over or double themselves
in four month.- Food consumed by each bullock
weekly and it. coat
..d.
Linseed and cotton or rape cake mixed ... 28 2 4
Bean mini 42 3 6
Hayinchal • 28 1 0
hlnitcoombs . . ... 6 0 4
Condimental food ... ••• 3 13 7

Total ocet per week 8 8
Ronts, 30Ib. per day ; straw chaff, ad tallest, shout 2
rase or
attendant*, all the rest charged at market vein." You
see, he gives but 30Ib. of roots per day, and I think
many of us Proved satisfactorily, about four years ago,
bushels ler i.e. No charge made for roots, so
that we had been in the habit of using more then was
either necessary or dnirable. I have never allowed so
*many since. I think Mr. Mechi is quite right in reocisi.
mending a variety of food. My fatting beasts have
lately been eating 41b. of meal per day, made from oats,
ha ley, benus, and pen emend together. This is mixed
with atra• chaff, on which gruel, made from steeped
linseed, is poured, about 1301 b. roots, a little rape oaks
and hay ad libiiret. On thia they havebeen doing well,
but will soon have an adriitinn of best cake, and I ex.
peat their progress then wil be much more rapid. They
hive not eaten repo cake so well this 1•••013 as 0111141.
When sold to the butcher, I expect they will pay for
what they have consumed, and • fair price for the lean
oniniale, az well as leaving a quantity of rich manure
behind them. I should observe that the sooner you let
off your harreners in the summer the better, so as to get
them in fresh oindition before they ere tied up. Oen.
tleceen, hiving now briefly alluded to most of the prin-
cipal point. tormented with the rearing and feeding of
cattle In our own district, I beg to thank you for the
kind attention you have paid me, and hope you will
enter fully into the discussion of the subject. Our
deliberations will not be in vain if they tend, however
slightly, to increase the production of beef, milk, butter,
or cheese—necessaries of life, in the supply of which the
general public hat WI lively an interest as ourselves.
After a few introductory remarks from the President,
Mr. E. Whittle said he agreed with Mr. Oenge as to
the mansgement of calves, bet he did not think they
should be turned nut at May-day. The ',stem which he
had adopted, and found to grower well, was, when he
took calves from the dairyman at Misy.clay to put them
in a sheltered place—in the cowshed, when the animals
had gone out—and feed them on mangold wurtzel,
, clover, vetches, or any similar food he had got, with es
' much eon as could be given them. He believed that
the higher the price they gave the dairyman at May.
day for his calves, the better they would wean, and the
less they would wet afterwards. After shoot two
months of the treatment be bed described he turned
them out, and he had some billy land which he found
the best place for calve.. If placed in low-lying lands,
where there was any shelter, they became liable to
various dioceses. Some few years ago him °elves had the
house or "husk" very bad, and several of them died.
He would tell them what he had found to be • remedy
for the home, which, as they knew, affected the larynx
and windpipe, choking them. It was to pot the cairn
into a closed house, and fumigate them with • mixture
of sulphur and tar, which could be burnt in • trough.
He never brought heif. re into the dairy till the third
year. ms first winter be treated them as Mr. Genes
described.tbe second they lived rough, and the third they
should calve down early, and the sooner they were let off
the better. With regard to breed he win certainly partial
to Llevons, but not pure. He we, at Syrnondabury on
the previous Wednesdty, and a friend of hi. said "The
Doyens are not worth %farthing r and their Mend. Mr.
Walter Farthing, was there—(laughter). The breed he
liked best woo the large red animal, but not coo pure,
and he should not like to graze • pure Devon after the
eitiryman had done with it—(heor, hear). For this
district be believed there wee nothing equal to the red
animal—a :mode cript hardy breed, • good rancher,
and when the deirym•n had done with it. at about six
or seven 7. ars of age. could go to the gresier to be fed, and
thence to the consumer. He thought beasts were token
out of the dairies at the wrong time, and he had
adopted the plan of letting his yearling innalf heifers
calve down by May-day, whereby they only had half •
year to stay in the dairy, and he then took out the had
milchers. These were usually the best graziers, and
could be got ready for the Christmas markets.
Mr. T. H. &tinders, of Watercombe, said that five or
six years ago his calves got in a bad state with the
" and he treated them in the way his father did
before him. He put. gravy-opoonful of turpentine into
each nrodril nf the calve., followed directly in a !similar
quantity of linseed oil, and he had never found it fail
till this par, when two calves were not quite cured by
tie trot odininisiration, and he repeated the treatment
•se and time, and the result was FUlrelic The worm;
which characterised the "hick" disease, were in the
windpipe, and as soon an he perceived his celves COUP
mencing to get thin, he began to think it was a bad
job, he adopted the treatment he had stated, and
they soon became all right again. As to the breed of
boasts he thought every man should breed according to
the land he champied, for what annvertal well in one
place would not do in anther. When he first went
to Wstercombe he had Devon., but the dairyman soon
told him he could not ray rent for thefts, and now he
generally hr. d vrhite.f•ced beret., because be had got a
lot of heath land, when there was rough beep for them
while in • growing state. He found Invons dirl not
reach the Biz., they should, ad that shorthorns became
coarse and would never keep quiet. The beast which
answered his purpose best were the white-faced breed :
all his were of that scrt now, and he meant to keep to
it. He advised, if a farmer had premises suitable, that
he should breed and feed his own calves and beast..
As to the grazing of pigs, he thought it waoadviuitageoue
on account of their manure.

Mr. G. Galpin said be had been • sort of dairyman as
well as farmer during the few year. he had had any-
thing to do with • farm, and has plan had been to
measure the milk obtained. Ile had kept ea account
every year of the quantity of milk obtained night and
morning, and from that he knew exactly what batter
was or ought to have been made. Some time ago Mr.
Horsfall wrote • paper in the Agricultural Journat, in
which he gave the results of his experiments in hotter
making. He believed Mr. Hors!.ll obtained Bost of
butter from each gallon of milk, bat be (Mr. Oalpin)
had never ben able to get each results, but it must be
borne in mind that Mr. Hordell fed his cows very
highly indeed ; they were kept in stalls, and as they
went off their milk wan sold to the butcher. He
advised the measuring of the milk from each individual
cow, and also of the butter it produced, observing that
some cows would give • larger quantity of milk than
others, yet that larger quantity would not produce so
much butter as the milk from the cows which gave the
lesser quantity. He thought that (iota Noes. to 51ozo.
had been the avenge amount of butter he had made
from each gallon of milk. One experiment be could
not undtrstand. Some years ago he bad been feeding
his cows in the spring on hay, with an addition of
margold evangel. By this be bad a large increase of
milk,but when it was churned he obtained less butter
than before Heshoulil have been prepared to account for
this decrease if be had had the same amount of milk ;
but after obtaining, say ten gallons of milk first, and
then by giving them mangold and producing twelve
gallons, he actually received less buttes, he could not
explain it at all. With regard to the fattening of
Waal, he was told, be thought the year before last, of
• person who had some first-rate calves, and they were
fatted by not allowing them to suck the mother, but
after milking the cow, mixing the milk with some
barley-meal and linseed tea, and drenching the calve,
with the mixture. He tried it; but whether his
dairyman did not take sufficient pains with it or not he
did not know, he weld not get the calf eiperimented
upon to do nearly so well as the others. With regard
to weaning he had tried fatting calves by giving them
skimmed milk, and trying to make up the deficiency of
butter by giving linseed tea and so on, but had never
found it answer for butchers's calves. Speaking of the
rearing of weanling calves, he had always done the
same u Mr. Genie, and he quite agreed with Mr.
Whittle, that they ought to have frequent change of
food ; they should riot be turned out too soon, and
changed as often as possible.
Mr. W. Denman said, having only had a dairy
one year he could not speak much from experience
upon that subject ; but with respect to the
cattle he found the mixture of the Devon
and Dorset longhorn breeds most profitable to
him. In bit experience in rearing stock Ca. 110 Elle years
past Ida animals had suffered very much from the
”bisk," and this year he should have been pleased had
he known of the antidote which Mr. Saunders had just
given to the club. In the late Mr. Redwood's time
that gentleman came to his farm at Tr“ytown, and
"smoked" his diseased salves in the way Mr. Whittle
had related; but the fumigation waa carried to such an
extent that when the man WM sent into tlie abed to
stir the fire, he had to keep his nose sloes to the ground,
as he could not live in the smoke, anal ten of the calves
were suffocated by it—(laughter). He generally reared
about 20 calves annually; but he was of opinion that if
they went to Poole, Wareham. or Code Castle, and
gave 10s. or a sovereign each more for yearl.ngs, they
would ultimately save £2 or £3 each upon the beasts,
:10 say nothing of the trouble aviiided. If they wished
to obtain young beasts to answer their purpose they
, should buy those off the poorest land they could. He
had gone upon the plan of keeping the beasts as well as
possible, and letting them off at two years old the
third year be found they had a "larger mouth" -
(leughter)—so that if they could bring them to market
at two years of age it was more profitable.

-- - -
Mr. J. Chick said he knew from experience that if
they were more careful in selecting the male animals
from wood ruddier', 90 out of 100 of the heifers
produced in the next generation would be good milchers
gdscs. (hear , hur). On the contrary, if they got •
bull who.. darn was • bad mileher the progeny of that
animal would In. majority of humours be of inferior
quality.—(bear, hear). With regard to salves, be knew
• man who always reared exeellenl eaves by following
the whin of taking them when a week old, and keeping
them In a pen, where they were littered from time to
time—say on.. or twiee in • day—and the pen was
nese, cleaned out until the calves were taken away at
May-day. Thus calves were fed on skimmed milk
twice • day, with • little oats or beans ma soon a. they
amid set, and a little 'rhorley's food. They were
gradually takes from this hot heap of manure, and pot
for • time in a limns or shed in which there was no
snob beat, being allowed to run out in the day time.
The calves when first taken away should be allowed to
eat as much cake u they chose, and it would be found
that for the first fortnight they would to very well on
111 b. per day, until they hart • piece of after-grass to put
them in, when ihey would do without cake Xll the
grass failed, when they could be gives lib. of cake •
day till there was plenty of grass again. Mr. Gauge
had asked whether any explanation weld be given as to
the cows producing dead calves ; bat, although he was
sorry to say he bad suffered tionaiderably in the lame
way, be could arias no reason for it. This year, out
of flu heifer*, four had produud dead offspring. He
thought • mixture of food was desirable, and sometitnes
housed hewed sake, and at others a mixture of linseed.
Midi, Of bailey, eceordiag which was the sheerest
(Wiwi).

Mr. Norris, veterinary surgeon, said, when • farmer
thought of keeping • dairy COw he onght to be quits
sore that be selected an animal which was likely to
yield him the 'neatest amount of profit, not only urn-
larded the milk, but also in respect to her propensity
for fattening, after the lima period when she mooed to
be valuable as • milch sow. Holsgazed with Mr.
Whittle that an animal not al • pure-bred
Devon, but one that had • little coarseness in her,
was found generally to be most profitable u • mileltes,
and when she had reached a certain age, she could be
readily fatted with profit to the grazier. He thought
also that the occasional ensuing of such sbeast with the
shorthorn produced a progeny that was most valuable
givenht
ly
by
far
ost
ing
ld
'4lb*nty, es
bktneher
'ail:dab:4a Jar retiltrse.
*lt:
ohhawiltiE I".idbfe:fir....:htoeh: this omeeefirnb:lelf; dt
oewfwopt f
noige allowed
to
thneuetihnenn.himb "!;IgieMeobnimfm: Nut
'tit'
DI
"4:
temn
urgatt often
miserably
cowl,
visit.
elm
ukele-
eoo
would
ree
ak, were
stead of allowing them to piekkuntiptbseysea.noturldlivb:libroood In
the etrowyord or abut the farm ; they would Shed befound to come out better la the .prnx i and to yield •
greater quantity of milk, .
Iris
prone to disease. He was often called upon in the
m lithe of February and March to look at animals which
he mold only describe as • mere "beg of sad if
any disease crossed them at that time, and when they
were in such poor condition, death wee miry often the
consequence. As to the management of esivea, be am,
sidered that any former taking an animal from its mother,
and turning it out immediately to salmis% entirely on
herbiferous matter -ao that the stomach of that antatal
was called upon to digest fibrous food instead of that
which was more readily taken into the system—oom.
ken
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weaned and suddenly turned out to grass, but that was
a great mistake. They all knew a gall bad four
stomechs, and whilst living upon milk only two of these
were in use ; the other two were at that period not so
largess when required to digest berbUsrous food, and,
therefore, how could they expect, when the young
animals were suddenly pot into the field, that they
could be in a fit state for digestion ? This rapid change
woe • fertile source of disease. The boose was a malady
which had been very correctly described by one or two
gentlemen present, that proceeded from the develop.
meet of parasites in the windpipe, the ramifications of
which were in the lungs. The only thing, therefore, was
to destroy those perasites—(hear. hear). In the first
place he might say that be had univereally found that
those animde which were badly kept were more pre.
dispoaed to these parasites than those better fed, and
another cause was keeping than out at night too
late in the autumn, when they were about six month's
old, and when, like all young animals, they required
greater warmtb—(hear, hear). As to the remedy, he
oonsid.iredithere was nothing better than fumigating them
with sulphur and Mr. In addition to that he would
pour • small portion of spirits of turpentine into each
[meth!, but without the hawed oil, u recommended
by Mr. Saunders. The turpentine was the effective
agent, and they must rely upon that. He would sdd
this caution, if they fumigated their animals,they should
take care not to suffocate them— (laughter). If the
•nimole were kept too long in this medicated air they
were liable to be suffocated.
Mr. J. Rowe, veterinary surgeon, said he bad always
been in the habit of administering turpentine by the
mouth for the home. He believed linseed tea was very
prejudicial to young animals, as it produced loouness,
and not unfrequently brought on the scour. In such
casco he had ordered flour lobe substituted, ands little
carbonate of sods in small dous was beneficial to young
animals when suffering from diarrhea'. As to the
slipping of calve., ha knew • farmer, nearly half of
whose cows bad aborted for several years, and he had
been told by &friend that If he had bled them of too
or six goads of blood a few months before calving. it
would Lave the desired effect. Last year he (Mr.
Rowe) assisted him in this operation, and he did not
lose a single calf.

Mr. Rowe, in reply to question", said by administer
-
log the turpentine through the nostrils, it did not, of
course, go down to the lungs ; but by 'vaporisation,
it wa" brought immediate into contact with the
diagram. When fallen through the mouth it was
absorbed by the blood and carried to the wind-
pipe ; the paraaites then relaxed their hold and were
thrown on'.

Mr. E. Whittle said the parasites were about the
size of thread, and were foend in the sir passages of
lungs, and he thought it liras only by a process of
inbilstion that they cou'd be reached. In rtference
to whae Mr. Galpin had stated sato measuring the milk,
he had divided the old and young cow. in his dairy,
and found he had one-third more milk from the old ones,
but from the small yield he produced a similar quautity
of butte r.

The President gaid that during the 28 years he bled
been a dairy farmer be never suffered horn the "hick"
among his calves. He, therefore, thought it was
attributable in • great meesure to the managszoent end
nature of the Boil on which they were k. pt. He did
sot quite agree with Mr. Norris as to the reinatks he
made as to the calves going directly from their intik to
gram feed or hay ; beams.* it heel been brought up
during the weaning time on skimmed milk, with oat.,
or beans end le•y ; therefore it was • mixture of food,
and the stomach was not suddenly changed from the
milk. as it had been initiated in • manner to. digestion
of other food. He agreed with Mr. Whittle that, some
time after weaning, calves require a certain amount of
nutritious food. He had always avoided allowing calve.
for the first three months/after they were weaned having
access to water. When turned out the, would naturally
run to water, and this often produced scour; but he
thought that mangold wurtzel or some such food should
be given them to prevent them wanting water.
Keeping them well he thought was • great preventative
of the " bi.k," and he had never lost a calf through
that malsdy in his life. He agreed that animals should
he kept well during the winter season, for by no doing
they turned out better in the spring ; and he believed
by giving his cows. bushel of mangold wurliel and
three or four lb. of cake per day, they were worth El
or £2 more to the dairymen than those that had been
poorly kept during the winter. He agreed with what
lir. Chick had said with respect to the mole animal, as
the produce would generally turn more after the male
than the female parent; therefore they ought to make
it • great study to breed the male animal from a good
milking cow. It is • difficult matter to combine good
milking and good grazing properties, end a man who
kept his own dairy must look equally to the acquire-
ment of both. By giving mangold wurtael they
produced a greater quantity of milk; but it seemed
It did not increase the amount of butter; while, on the
otter hand, it appeared that, by giving them °Heals.
the quality of the milk was enriched, and
consequently more butter was obtained. He con-
sidered that, by 'giving cows ("Hoak' in the
spring of the year, they realised cent. per
cent, upon the price of that food; be always gave cake
to his heifers, and found it most advantageous. He,
like Mr. Gangs, was unable to tell the reopen why dead
offspring were produced, and he suffered greatly by this
last year. He had 35 cows, 15 of which he gent off to
the straw-yard early, while the other 20 went to a pieoe
of fresh grass. He believed out of these 20 be had 18
dead calves. The cows at first appeared rather weary,
so he gave them hay morning and night ; bat within a
fortnight afterwards they began to have dead calves.
Of the 15 which were taken away early, on• only pro.
dooed dead offspring'. He attributed it to the great
change, though in what way it had effected them he
did_ not know.

Mr. R. Gangs said a great deal was to be learnt no
doubt by the experiments of measuring the milk of a
daiiy. He had said nothing paid so well u selling
milk, the price of which in large towns weal.. a gallon,
and he believed U. per gallon was about the average
prise obtained. Now a gallon of milk was only equal,
as Mr. Galpin had proved, to 5) ou. of butter, and even
taking it at 6u, at In. 4d. per lb., that would only
realise 6d., 'radial selling • gallon of milt, exclusive of
the labour of churning, ke., would fetob 61.—(applanse,
and voles "You would lose your 'double Dorset'
cheese, though.") The extra labour and risk of its
turning sour would, he thought, more than make up
for the lus of which his friend spoke—(hear, hear).
He felt that the practice of weaning calves allot ones
was not desirable, and his plan was to give them milk
once a day for a fortnight after they w-re turned out.
He believed, with Mr Norris, that hone or "hick"
often resulted from keeping young animals out late at
night in the autumn ; but he had tried Mr. Sanaders's
remedy and had found it very dilution..
A vote of tharks to the lecturer, proposed by Mr.
Damon, and seconded by Mr. T. Hi Saunders, termi-
nated the proceedings.