The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1875-11-20 00:00:00

SATURDAY, NOV. 20, 1875.

1111. GLADSTONE ON SCIENCE

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AND ART.
4412
it„. e Lecture Hall, Greenwich, on Thursday even
Alii last week, the Right Hon. W.
E. Gladstcne,
tt'l:r. for the borough, distributed the pra won by
iz
and
Art
ci`slarocesaful students of the Scienceend
the hall
we, eB' Dr. Be ,
nnett was in the chair, -
Tter°Wded.
8 kslt : Gladstone, who was received with much enthu-
sale after some suitable introductory remarks,
lla;
teki es., led of the instruction which is now tendered
wtiolnyou,-
tee, b„"i,ell the people of this country show not only a great desire to obtain, is to render assistance to in-
oe,,,i,,Drocesses. The object is that the
.industrial pro.
tine „°' this country, upon which, unquestionably, more
b 0 coepa anYthing else, Its material greatnessnerre
wtsin,
emh may
bloat e nctecone and all of them, in
.the n
NA
~e?,boraical, most effective, likewise—and
so that
tessty""en. left out of view—the most beautiful,
amnda this Is an ele-
which litay attach to all the productions and commodities
a ,ert are the result cf human industry. Nlteel',l,lllllon, or marriage, of beauty andltuutn ittnye.rweDfhieeprcenalitas.
reett. 7:tted in the work of the Science and Art d
in what I
bay call thiolle saY here that beauty and 7
qpolea
~ lowest or most practical view, utility,arnot things
°l)Posed. At, the degree in which many think they are
It ;Tett, uil tbe contrary, it is literally true
that
this
sutiys
to eer,„„,elettent of utility. I do not mean.
..__ ,_
opny Or
natriTgkig to the laws of any particular PMl_°,! is, per_
"'tight, but according to that law wan,.
aa it'i. all others the most generally understood—the law,
steselterketiet„
In that
e , called, of £. s. d. (Laughter.)
i 10,0,8,0, eaTet',4,,a great and an essential element ofuitnilitthye.
'"6 lia 's",..P ill particular—the second country
rhighboair-
r-elogre,ign commerce is
which
mean. our
at in the ma,„• etir a country of which I will ventuutryeorf
Zelli,eh it pro-citTueesl6B trade is founded upon the beauty
th,e.r,clas wen
48 i
I:11(z French aree
bap _
e.
Theyingenumnudsersmtainedai
a me thatos say
pmost 4,,is`ll%tratealod better than Enyglishmen do, theeco
I economical
t;_gilire sn..tolneefilis to. ends. Still, upon the whole,
eel esliekiTiltou,t_let opinion that the high position which
4ntially Y.! tU•arkets of the worldis a
that from long culture and
btziti 14 litoon the fact tha
mind they combine
position mainly
fro rat_rith eriTia
e national
"1 d --"Y In theni6rtohdunctioin of such objects as result
bl.Porgirell..--,48_4Y of man. (Hear, hear.)
1r- ii4•,_ I -.e it, I insert a few Parenthetical words in this
s -e'l, If LL-. g°lllg tO speak of these subjects in a manner
to
rereask-ecuoPanied by no qualification, nallgregevrse
V°oldi that 1
obi, ,I 1 Net
_, !vas recommending to Y
worldly and visible
tee,4 le de, ottact be a worship of w
higher duties and
what
tbA 'Jai "gation or in neglect of the
0e",;(115,,.T e eribanz_ Now, in the days in which we live, wrhbeend
cited and dis u
telt featehim;nununity is m
DUratertek3'serf ,‘e'',s,n°, itterii, I wishnethoeexnteraary think o
respectful
thepro-
tio (Ik Luis Point. Whatever I m
fry *and science, and of the
_trihuemsephtshianngds
btttree,eiretrieettirlit:
Ole grezi,,
.do not mention any one f t
I believe
lile for alleviating the sorrows of human life,
1411;14 acies'e!" evils which deface the
but I ,
and art for their own purw.peovseai.uel; believe
for% the 3', their efficacy, and their
se,tlr,hlel, tf4e eft cacious and valuable for
purposes for ,
Were ordained, and not
hellir re 1' :ere not ordained If I the purposes I
human
tiltatoLlthras'y fq the deeper sorrowsfaomori
tashkeed what
aole,r hie qtlio Mould chiefly look to
uinndehr
di/n.4! his aim widell to Sustain him something very
414(1'44 to ,_ etion—l must point ois trialsla' and
1t05.,, the .',"!stnetlaing which in a well-known known hymn is
tilW4 tok tr`l'T, old story." (Cheers.
to be found
kled ~trideir,„ 4g,_ood old book, with the teachingisthis "old, old
ltiokia.3,lft 44 0,-- ..'t greatest and best gift ever given to man-
(ch ectiese,4/leiping With it and imposing
Nets and responsibility,
upon all alike the
.
"Diningthe fullest
p 51,4,11.) It °I the Past and the brightest hopes of
the future.
aes''er vibleille Were here to night to consider the main pur-
e B.
ou. .
114:hi dttate.,,We live, that is the topic on which ve litieebreit re ' But I am free to own that even those
n who
la
44 ,to of t474.7eti1 Zealous for religion, and Perhaps in conse-
liese‘e taell for religion have sometimes pushed that
ur t
otOasarylDoint that they have lapsed into ne tkekk tzttat I think the disturbing and injurious y the
think
view 1 Lille flotirorle ,„
ein the dispensation under which w 4'4 t 4 taifriVn are well instructed in the principles of
tale Ilk ~.eY.profess, nothing else
is
worth attention
-
t,i4t I s 551,14. believe that is not perhaps
l'lelPeNT6e4,B‘ and dangerous error, becaaufsal but eel.
uretaidainsasds of
Of the • °lll the general course of thought t
from
seit,itieete,.neeessities of man's condition, and
eilliczp,o4:Rerect t 0
tolin, ~*e ale, -•. and .
ens him by the faculties he possesses
efomr
illee'ulnis . Lan Wdevelopment The human n
ee not endowed and equipped with all its
f
teeelaittori.aonlties for nothing kCheers.) The glory
Iseill tsians. the eztereal and Inanimate world is net to be
-t}?UO object Only here and there, but in every
me
an,
wnecliesatrill;
blea4l;olthilielei, at,.? elitstaa-Zilitßtio:llfeesalltthiloeu Creatorgh
and
.capabilitilels. oalinhdi telia.re keroteirtionai. ° seen in them a
io ill% tall lie ea 73? .apd effective more
it natureris the tdhuaen,
which he is sent
ilities which condsetiv'teulteepsmtheettreufe that
-nlelf, tehee,e';'3' of Man in the world in w
tthieVeat, , I venture upon this observ.atilsonto for
it tho ',lto tiP)eagizg of the immense value whio,b
trelo.ll4 be „„ Inbjects with which we are eleallye_tog-nsigmhte.
beg 4 al re steposed I vvas setting them up?
, as), to au
, .) rate
.e glance upon your minds h (Hear,
llok --erig 4 .
' a right Paramount to every aostnaaenrvdmhearts,
ilt-lehleat ttst°etti,RektY, then, and without pretending to philo-
may contemplate that the classes
..tti,tite'llna-tre,,"'td tO science Consider the useful side of
7,711°-:sse,lU`„4,l,on, while the application of art to indutso-
NI-4beautiful side" Now it is interesting_ e
a, the realoeetive subjects Present themselves to the
'''ilse"„4leli jiteleitlatunity, and looking into the docanni_uail
Illeati,,e`tltsbe,
oaltebheen furnished I find some information tm"
qerad 'kis endeerl;°,oPle who receive_iusetrueti Co
by tee sstei:losen.lelr
agegleirmeenita ovfeth Privyb
t the Schools of
nutnhceiLrels-f
i'l4ttlsteN) C 481°°° Dunne, and in the Schools ofSArel:
berkse ties itiuntcil 24,000 pupils There is also a systemh f
Art aided
P1'1414'1,44 to,W,llat are termed night classes, in whir 8,000
tttaktillt,4;‘,iatabrp;oighatt.tidroawtbin
„em, thereforea
g3,2,llooo(nalttthi_verutoldtal number of Art
''itlbimir stritifceeteY natural, the usefulness of scientifict-
ate d' that, e,a the Mind more immediately and more.r
oitheihese h toe cultivation of the sense of beauty,
%Mee, kilarger number of pupils in the ' le ." be t those more immediately
4,4ti5t....0t a 4144111 Side of industrial production.un-
to eNies),that is upon the whole, seetilesl,es irreillike Ona the
ic:ontroarry,
persons oniss
attendingsatisfactoryan
l'tg 41terabe°flnezion wilgteesrchools of Art, because we
.
goq foe Dr et'.that th kr ger tt,ctieei ese things are very novel;
eteheoyf be.
Re Dr geilerati DUrPoses, only to the e
tale eh oDoetth„anion g us, whosee, form a
I am
glad
to
1 to be 1
tils,ll4iii.'l a gon-,i-P nIY andien es. :There is a good deal
popular
't esi'adie,;"' 'teal has to beb ought home to the
14).4Drel'Oect eirid consciousneessrin this country, respecting
I'4 the (anheapY• Everybody understands thaotnme
would her4ied 41,!1°,111ett °,lt ifiotility arises, and every
en should be so con-
tr,l 14,10 too°,h1?0 trioreeor resas useful'
to that end. But it
L't Drs'e,;lotiotT,,,gen our habit in this country to regard beauty
mtletioh-' koniething quite apart
4,t4eief,Whise'ht and at the time to look on the
from usefulness
vao for uitallYe result from human labour as a luxury
Deny v.. rich alone, for those who
Now,
.71 etilreed, ue leisure Which belongs to property. ,
44; raleti:VY sotil;,r elei °f the commercial value of beauty, cs ee were to make out a case of commbeerd-
ttoo•tllkiltethaaatartliele_nt_ foundation might soon be Bunn,
human education.
Ilao.llay tea Dart of Int, however, to look at this suniect
%oho', et collect that ge a! bus in ESSwof
world e are all at school.
ti,?oolleiN allii4e,„wllo ar this
llred and gray are It
heeti lc Yoeti„-IgLas theose who are in the freshness ande
;Or% b • t'lleers.) I hope, then, the day will come
7htleweat th 0 More fully understood than it has hitherto
1,1,41.1;4 all ethatterunt to intertwine and unite beauty with
141'41 PI enittalbleidshuects of human industry ought to be
d
:Ith bel:lie wort!' °I exaMpleasndshonwndthisaptut thised i
sg
ne no e
visionaryr ai
,_olte ,aOte ~, atof Creation are everywhere overspread
, 400 theti.'.ooarged with it, from their largest ranges
.
ahe ta,,,,koat Minute forms I do not wish
'144 ' do '-'llage of etaggeration, and, on the
.other
111 ale iii not
tth eid ,desire to f-1
tllaick We live
k ore interest-
all
,izinto tliiettrirno_raofmdepreciating
telveneratihrte Present hasobneeen given to mankind for
Ilkte, hei:ilild, iris- Still it is best to be truthful with our-
-4.'11 otre err, to err on the side of
.depreciat:,oh
etre, tvr(e,„ !ifiated conceit and presumption. '
"anf'sei
14e,1„,tfis be;t_ tont I fear that, owing to whatever cause,
al;
adreiTtlon etgit great decline in the genuine sense an -
till tbatt eaUtY
freely and gladly
Netio her amOtig Uk• • • • I•
rest, Int etio 6 are various descriptions of industrial pro.__e
e. °I ant I, 118 which appear to show a considerable
Ns ittisl `,C feeling, though I fear that the modern
'kelf° be 4 ta sornetimesnot favourable to it, and
alroPaoth ?a, wheVliled iti this country by other influences. In
(level e the industrial spirit is, perhaps, mored
1-b4 4 MAaPred than an}, '6 th-.411111e --' Want of the e f beauty. In truth, we
Other country, I fear we shout effet.f! welt that this is a time 11 who feel concerned
Itatr-"liotil4ere et the countrye feeln'ta to be desirable that
40c1E°„„te the khbe niade to , -
gve snatrtieltion in science so as to
reewsolemzoWledge
''th o eßritish the artist and workman,
ianst
'ore,' I .lO hold his Position markets i in the mkets of the
e;',lnei,b-'`e' hear me to
t beware of imagining
'Lie' ',eerie-int Meat this reanitb attained through any
1111:4 Allitlhthe rettin thanetahnat eof the individual mind
all, De 4,,, ,
oelleveat others can do is to offer assistance.
Ilwattere ':.
tt that the great object of Government in
ItozeNtottevrnokeeetlineeeenteeLl vvsth scenes and art is as far as pos-
it . ti, tillities '6.r end power that lie, not in them, but in
w!lei,to esir eat_
4,rsather than to displace local communities
te over the
4 li
tliets„Yl7 iltPwirleboefasfeeny_cyFaenadt dominate
indeed
, ?.l State Agency iLowes the originating and
an ''ssaratatters of this sort. It ought to be, as I
agency altogether. I believe that it
. s
Department has of itswn o functions, an
that conception may be entertained withl
0 the coubtry. I believe every one will agree
that it is really in the individual that
~, 6 whole matter lies. It is not as one booy
t
eezn_ohesle of of this room; you are here as indivi-
4e'L us as a single human being possessesai
be ari.tilti by which the great object we have b
con-
our o,i,rinetl. It is your own thoughts andi.
si,dew.n resolute and honest
efforts t
- the etnd wisely and energetically to cleirectpyreour e v
resoh„ ‘aaintrient of a certain end, that constitute
ine,
po"l,,eue to which we have to look. No auxiliaries,
wipa and ostentatious, can supplant that prin-
"Ul energy, and, in so far as they tend to
3' are not doing good, but they are effecting
Every man who betakes himself to
.an m-
ot any kind undoubtedly has a notion of
Which is most useful, and has a sense t of
een more useful and less useful; hut it is
tecl that in a civilized community every
have a sense of the difference between the
and the lege beautiful. rather, as I am afraid
o
a great deal that meets the eye, oognt t,
!ence between the beautiful and the _ ugly.
_,:t_ ,
Win of the dif
It is not by any means a question .
one of
-,ore or less beautiful, but it is
the beautiful and the ugly. . to submit to your c is
onsideration _
eauty is not, under natural and equal volired inheritance of a few, bat is
, and may be the universal inheritance
That ia a very important proposition;
true? I will endeavour to illustrate
,tter which I think is relevant, and
wn recollection—that is, the state of
England with regard to music. You
hen you look at the popular instruc-
e public mind is becoming more and
I universal teaching of music. and, of
:aching of music implies the universal
-"ape or another. No doubt it is Mil-
ree, and no doubt there are certain
s here and there who have no sense
no of melody or of harmony,
nothing of concords or discords, and
out from the pleasures of music and
lacord will inflict on the cultivated
g, we have almost come, xo the
using,
inheritance, that the faculty
y of the people forming an in-
, faculty
that so 50 years ago? 1 re-_
-het wycia„ were laughed at in this
the Icl2:ifi
s itontly contending thatulidered a fool, a
teal ; you were
9o° -a-- .‘
I can't tell
carried you
11.(rf '"ti,",,-- nurse
Peop,le,aureseda tbi
13 aYbont music ; "
to not he able to
continued to
allowances, and
oreBi.l monthse o , yoi i oldwo whoha d
:neve that, makinga
the application
faculty uncultivated
extent that a
description
that de
nd
the illustration
hind is not like
within
but it has .
or culture;
lice.tiOn
11 for the aPP
that casts off the finest fruits a
ted
faculties;toca
Will i;:fdeveloped.
naie they are analogous
thteoertenbtbioteslleetdhwohtsoeo
Le and consequentlynihearpe'zest enjoy-
for from one of
t re. i be-
Withfor humentonathne sense of
• aarae respect
with a
in spite of
'.
but those
disadvantages ,
powerful sense of
te its own way
line ; must fa'voured few, the children of
and We m not 0011-

sider that the general level of the community can be brought
up to compare with thew

Again, there are considerable advantages in this matter of
class over class. We have often been struck with the im-
mense advantage that is possessed in regard to matters of
art and taste and the perception of beauty by the higher
classes, among whom these qualities are to a great extent
hereditary. Tee original capacity lies in the nature; that
capacity is medified from generation to generation, and the
cultivation of it in certain generations affects the capabilities
with which the children of those persons are born into the
world. Those whose parents have been conversant for a long
period of time with objects of beauty and the exercise of the
faculty of taste have great advantage, a considerable start in
the race. In the experience of life I am constantly struck
with tee remarkable abundance of the faculty, within cer-
tain moderate limits, of painting and drawing in the higher
classes of English society. There is a lady whose name Ido
not feel at liberty to mention, of whom one of the first
painters said to me advisedly, "if that lady had a proper
amount of technical instruction she would unquestionably
be the first painter in this country."
I have mentioned the advantages possessed by the children
of genius, and now I mention the considerable advantage
the start in the race possessed by others, in virtue of their
belonging to certain classes in which certain pursuits have
been hereditary for many generations; but do flatlet us be
discouraged because we have not any of these advantages.
Depend upon it, it is in the masses of the people that the
deepest fountains of true life reside; of that I have not the
smallest doubt. The people are the trunk of the rree,
and the classes are the branches of the tree. As I have said,
you will find among the higher classes a much more easy and
rapid appreciation of works of art without effort; but the
great artists have not come from the higher classes. (Hear,
hear.) If you were to survey their history in all times, it
would be difficult to establish any extended connection
between them, and the original possession of great worldly
advantages and of high station. In every one of us there is
enough to work upon; it is upon the manliness and the
fidelity of the effort made to improve that which we possess
that the ultimate result will depend.
I have arrived at the point at which I wish to mate what I
had to say available as far as I could to those in this room
who are nearest in condition to the most numerous class of
society, and to those who outside this room, through the
agency of those I see before me, if they think well, may give
a little attention to the subject. We have arrived at a time
when, I am thankful to say, elementary education is being
very widely diffused, and when we may hope that before very
long it will be universaL When we consider of what ele-
mentary education consists, in its first three branches—
namely, of reading, writing, and arithmetic—it will readily
occur to the mind as probable, and we find it to exist in fact,
that one of the first effects of this kind of elementary educa-
tion is to produce a desire, either on the part of young per-
sons themselves or on the part of their parents and friends,
escape from the necessities of manual labour and pass
into the region of that which is called not hand work,
but head work. Here we have before us a most im-
portant subject. In my belief—l speak it frankly—there
is far too much eagerness on the part of the working
classes—l do do not say for themselves, but at any rate
for their children—to get out of the working class into
another which is not the working class: and I have a con-
sideration to urge in support of that which I say, and of
the advice I would presume to give, that advice being, Be
not eager to raise your children out of the working class,
but be desirous that they shall remain in that class and
elevate the work of it. Not long ago, in a town near which
I live, it was my duty to say something upon this subject, to
make a rough division between head work and hand work,
and I made this division probably in a manner not
sufficiently accurate and careful. Two or three days after,
I received a letter from a working man, who thought I had
treated society as if it were a pyramid you might cut across
at a particular point, arid say, "Above that, all is head
work; underneath, all is hand work. Where there is head
work there is no hand work; where there is hand work .
there is no head work." That was the language he under-
stood,me to hold, and he writes to me in words which are
original and worth reading. He describes himself as a
young carpenter who works ten hours a day, and says
"If tee carpenter is a thoroughly skilful workman a selec-
tion of the best work is given him, and I assert with the
most complete truth that during the progress of his work a
constant communication must be kept up between his brain
and hands, not merely passive in character, but active, con-
centrated, and almost unintermittent. It is necessary for
him to consider economy of time and labour, and I might
add material; ready methods of mechanical resource must
suggest themselves to his mind, his eye is being educated
with new forms of design and finish; and in proportion as
machinery supplants in heavy work the manual labour of
the artisan, are fresh demands made upon the intellectual
resources of the craftsman." (Cheers.) That is an excellent
passage; it shows you better than any words of mine can do
how the operations of the mind enter into the labour of the
hands.

As to that distinction between the working class and the
non-working class of society, it must be recollected that
persons who move in the highest circles belong to the work-
ing class under any definition you can give. The painter
and the sculptor labour in the production of visible objects;
their labour is of the hand, and is, therefore, also
the labour of the mind; mud that which is true of them is
true of this joiner, not, perhaps, in the same degree, but in a
thousand varying degrees according to the varying
exigencies and capabilities of production; and to ennoble
labour by bringing labour into the best forms is the special
and proper vocation of the workman. When a man has
made his fortune in commerce, I say it is a vulgar thing for
all the children of that man to endeavour to get out of
commerce and disown their connexion with it. (Cheers.)
If a man is a carpenter or a stonemason, it is a poor
and vulgar thing if his great object is to get his children
out of his vocation. The first thing is to elevate
the vocation and to see that better products come from the
labour ; that is the walk which is opened to him by Provdence
by his calling in life—that is the special work to which he
ought to address his energies, and for it there is unbounded
scope. Look at this picture of the work of the village
carpenter in Monmouthshire 400 or 600 years ago. Com-
pare it with what a corresponding carpenter would do in
the corresponding place now; then see what room and
scope for improvement there is. Jam not going to say that
from time to time one does not find the sense of beauty
developed in artizans of the humblest means, but that con-
firms my case, which is that it ought to be the special duty of
the workman to raise the character of the work which he per-
forms, and in doing that he is doing infinitely more to raise
himself, his family, and his class than he can possibly do by
a desperate and precipitate effort to get out of it, either for
himself or his children. There is strong commercial reason
for it, and it was with that I was dealing when I read the
letter of Mr. Francis Moore, whose name deserves to be
known. The commercial reason is that the value of
manual labour is almost universally rising and that of head
labour falling. If you ask the poor author bow he gets on in
the present day and whether his wage is increasing in pzo-
portion to that of the blacksmith, you will find that the
difficulties of the pen authors are, perhaps, greater than ever
they were, because his returns are no greater, while the
social calls upon him—l say nothing of commodities, which
raises a disputed question—are undoubtedly so. It is a broad
and unquestionable fact that the price of nearly all descrip-
tions of labour is rising considerably, and that in London the
number of unemployed clerks presents an astonishing contrast
to the number of employed builders and carpenters. Of
that which is called head labour there is more in the market
than is wanted; of that which is called hand labour the supply
is limited, and the price rapidly and progressively rising,
(Cheers.) That is the mercantile view of the case. The
other view, which rests upon the solid foundation of the
needs and capacities of human nature, considered as a per-
manent thing, considered as the nature of a being born for
eternity and not with reference merely to his daily wants, is
that which I would humby presume to commend to your
deep attention and careful reflection. It is time now that
I passed to the discharge of the duty for which I have come.
Bs assured that the words I have spoken I have spoken in
all sincerity and earnestness of purpose. The subject is one
which I am perfectly certain deserves the utmost of your
care and attention, and if it has failed in being brought home
to your hearts and minds it has been his fault, to whom for
the moment it has been committed. (Great cheering.)

The prizes were then distributed to the successful
pupils in the schools in a large district of the South of
London.

Dr. Bennett moved and the Bishop of Rochester
seconded a vote of thanks to Mr. Gladstone, which
wa..9 carried with loud cheers, the whole audience
_ _ _

Mr. Gladstone briefly responded, and remarked that
in disclaiming the compliments which had been paid
him he would not deny the fact that his life had been
a laborious one, and that the working men of the
assembly might well own him as a comrade.

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