The Press.
London, England, 1855-01-20 00:00:00

TELEGRAPH FROM 13ALIKLAVA TO VARNA.

On the 15th of December Messrs. Newall and Co., of
Gateshead, the submarine telegraph contractors, received
a telegraph message from the Government to make a sub-
marine cable to form a telegraphic communication between
lialaklava and Varna. Within an hour after receiving the
message, Mr. Newall had bargained with Messrs. Palmer
and Co., of Jarrow-on-the-Tyne, for a new iron screw
steamer, which was then not half finished. Messrs. Palmer
employed their men day and night to complete the vessel,
which is named the Black Sea, and on Saturday evening
the last of 400 miles of the telegraph cable was paid into
her. The distance from Varna (43.15 N. lat., 27.08 E.
long.) to Balaklava (44:29, 33.35) is about 40U miles, the
measure of the length of the telegraph. On the following
day the vessel sailed, and it is confidently anticipated that
by the middle of February Messrs. Newell and Co.'s work-
people will be engaged submerging the cable between Varna
and Balaklava, and by the end of that month a direct tele-
graphic communication will be opened between the head-
quarters of the allies in the Crimea and the two great
Western capitals, London and Paris ; for the French and
English Governments have made such arrangements that
by the time the Black Sea steamer reaches the Euxine the
overland telegraph from Varna to Bucharest will be finished,
thus completing the electric communication between the
Crimea and England. The system of telegraph to be
adopted between Balaklava and Varna will be uniform with
the great Enropean lines, and the messages will not require
to be translated, as is the case by submarine and interna-
tional telegraph. The expedition that is proceeding in the
Black Sea consists of sixty persons, who take with them
their own carts and horses to be used when employed on
shore; for tho wires will be taken up to the head-quarters
of the generals, and portable telegraphic apparatus, neatly
fitted into boxes of the size of an ordinary medicine chest,
and about the weight each of a knapsack, with wires coiled
ready for use, which can be joiwil to the main line, will be
taken out, so that in whatever direction the army moves
in the Crimea, the head-quarters of the allies can keep up
a communication with Europe.

The telegraphic apparatus to be employed has been made
for the occasion by Messrs. Siemens and Halske, of Berlin.
It is founded on Morse's American telegra,th. The mes-
sages which it transmits it writes on a paper riband, about
the breadth of a broad tape, every letter of the alphabet and
every figure being formed by a combination of dots and
strokes, impressed by a " style," as the paper moves onward
between two cylinders. The dots or marks very much re-
semble the raised character used in books for the
blind—
only more simple—and are read by the telegraph clerk as
easily as ordinary types. The operator, having command
of the electric current, can make it act at intervals, the du.
ration of which he can lengthen or shorten at pleasure ;
and just in proportion to the length of these intervals is
the length of the marks impressed upon the moving riband
by the pencil which obeys the magnet. The message, us
it issues from the apparatus, can be read off, and arrives as
rapidly as a clerk can copy it on paper in au abbreviated
hand. The gangs of labourers were employed five days
and five nights in paving away the cable before the last of
it was got on board tie Black Sea. It is of the consistency
of a thick bar of iron, and is protected from the action of
the water by a coding of gutta percha. It is confidently
expected that the steamer will make the run out in twenty-
one days.

THE PRESS.

Sortigu t orrtsponttrat.

(From a Correspondent.)

FRANKFORT.

The acceptance of the four points of Vienna by
the Czar has caused some speculation. The re-
fusal, however, of France and England to suspend
hostilities places the matter in its right position,
and it is principally considered as a stratagem to
gain time. This is the more prudent view from the
fact of the Emperor not having acceded to the four
stipulations without reserve. His first intention
Was summarily to reject them, and he yielded reluc-
tantly to the only person who is cognisant of his real
sentiments. There is a mystery in the more private
relations of the Emperors of Russia and Austria that
is not always easy to unravel, yet with care, caution,
and perseverance, there are few things that cannot
be traced. After all, common sense is the best
agent. Whenever man employs on his secret missions
"that one which was made him an help for him,"
there is certain to be a weak point to be made avail-
able as tact or daring, or both combined, may
accomplish.
A permission was given to Austria to occupy the
principalities upon certain conditions. These con-
ditions place it out of her power to occupy a common
ground with the Anglo-Frank allies, unless the Em-
peror Francis Joseph personally breaks away from
his word of honour. This is' not a case simply
betwixt nations, for there is besides an honourable
pledge from man to man, a violation of which on
either side will damage the cause of thrones more
than tens and hundreds of thousands of Red-Radical
and Republican battalions. The permitted occupa-
tion of the principalities binds Austria privately to
construe the four points in a Russian sense, or at
any rate not to break ground offensively on that sub-
ject. A perfect knowledge of this by the Emperor
Napoleon made the refusal to suspend hostilities
peremptory. Lord Aberdeen has played the Czar
false, and the Russian Court are allowed and even
charged to say so openly, and should deception be
practised upon him by the young Emperor, who
affects the blunt and frank character of the soldier, his
temper will be sure to run riot, and not without
cause. If Austria understands the third point re-
lating to the Black Sea, to contemplate the posi
five reduction of Sebastopol, and a curtailment of
Muscovite power, then the Austro Imperial word of
honour will have become forfeited. The whole case
will turn upon the extent. of concession by Russia,
and, whatever that may be, Austria dare not enter-
tain a contrary view without breaking faith with the
Czar, and sapping the foundation of her empire.
The presentation of the Order of St. Stephen to
the Emperor of the French has led to much and
imprudent conversation—at least, if Ministers are
supposed to represent neutral powers, some kind of
decency ought to be preserved in not publicly taking
a part. M. de B inveighs in private,
although practically in a public manner, against this
act of courtesy by the Emperor Francis Joseph, and
declares it to be at variance with a certain under-
standing on the subject of France. As he is an
Orleanist of the most determined temper, he ta.tes
upon himself to say that it is an infraction of a pre-
determined scheme, upon which the German powers
had been afraid. This is the direct inference.
When he talks of his master having been deceived,
he should recollect the antecedents of his present and
late master, which were fully detailed in a former
number of THE PRESS. No doubt this was not agree-
able to M. de B--, neither was the list of the
Russian alliances. The latter had not appeared three
weeks when the German principalities, true to those
alliances, refused to abide by the constituted and
Germanic agreement, and resisted the official notice
of Austria to place their contingent upon a war
footing.
M. de R-- affirms that the mistake of Russia
proceeded from the incorrect information on the state
of feeling in England towards France. The several
members of the imperial Russian family who were
in England in 1853 were wholly in the hands of the
Aberdeen party, and the loadings articles of the
Times, Daily News, Morning Chronicle, in teeming
with abuse of the coup &kat of Dec. 2, and of the
Emperor Napoleon personally, were forwajded to
Russia as true versions of public opinion. The
speeches of Sir James Graham and Sir Charles
Wood were certified to represent the Red-Radicals ;
and this was true, as the approbation of the Man-
chester democrats was most marked. The party
constructed by Lord Aberdeen into au Aberdeen-
Peel, Red-Radical, Romanic and Materialist combi-
nation, with the advantage of high Germanic favour,
was described to represent the popular party of Eng-
land to be England herself. This belief was con-
firmed by the well-known opinions of the Chevalier
de Id—, which were in the extreme unfavour-
ably to Louis Napoleon, and to Russia also, and the

correct knowledge of England and the English
rightly attributed to that upright Minister induced
them to believe that they had an accurate report of
the real feeling of the country.
Nothing can be more erroneous than that the
prestige of the English Government has been
weakened by the strong remarks on the Foreign En-
listment Bill. The secondary and tertiary States
alone are sore, but the people generally fully appro..
ciate the disrelish of a nation such as England, not
to seek the assistance of allies, but to give "solde" to
foreigners to fight under her flag as bondsmen.
What has seriously injured the character of the
Ministry is the coroner's inquest on the sailor of the
Himalaya, who died from want of care from the re-
fusal of hospital authorities to serve him without
official orders. A clerk in an English mercantile
house has made a fair profit by translating the first
and second reports in the Times, and circulating
them at his own risk. The free city looks sharp
after the liberty of the press, and would be guilty of
any meanness to find favour with the higher autho-
rities. The continuation of the accounts from the
Crimea, summarily dwelt upon in the Ind/pen/lance
Beige, one of the best and most free of the coatis
neutal journals, has raised a storm of vituperation
against the English Miuistry for their incapacity and
inhumanity. As this just indignation is echoed by
the people of England, they naturally ask, Why are
these men tolerated' Why, indeed ? lf, say they,
popular opinion and rectitude of conduct is to be
disregarded, and though members of the House of
Commons loudly proclaim that they are compelled
to vote against their consciences, there can be little
difference betwixt the English Parliament and our
Diet.

The speech of the Prince of Prussia to the troops
at Coblentz was most injudicious. To tell a fine
army, well appointed, and animated by an honest
spirit, that it was probably about to take the field,
but that it would only be told on which side it was to
fight on the eve of battle, irrespective of right or
wrong, was a gratuitous insult that will be long re-
membered. The crowned heads and princes are
becoming deranged, and are courting popular dis-
favour by every means in their power. M. de
B is reported to have said that the Czar had
in his possession that which would surprise politi-
cians more than the correspondence with Lord
Aberdeen, and that the English Ministers would be
amongst the superlatives of the surprised, and to
their great discomfiture. Certain it is that the Czar
will have a victim somewhere, and that, if he be.
comes de facto isolated, he will do every mischief in
his power.

An episcopal dignitary belonging to the French
Church passed through this place lately, and, con-
versing in confidence with a fellow dignitary on the
doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, remarked,
" How much it was to be regretted that so good a
man as Pius IX."—the only Pope for a long time
who really believed in the "Bon Dieu"—" should
make such a fool of himself." This is rich.
J. E.

FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS of preserved
boiled beef, packed in tin cases, are now being sent
out to the Crimea for the use of the troops. liovern-
went are also about to despatch q portion of the
London Fire Brigade to Constantinople, with the
necessary apparatus, to protect the hospital at Scu-
tari from fire. _ _ _

MR. °Lamas, the member fur Pontefract, has
been passing some time iu Cadiz for the purpose a(
obtaining acctuate information upon the subject of
the wines of that part of Spain. He 11114 visited
many of the large establishments at Fens and Port
St. Afarys, and the proprietors and merchants have
shown every disposition to assist him in the object of
his inquiries by furnishing him with every infor-
mation relating to the stock of wines on hand, the
annual produce, and the probable increase of pro-
duction. It is understood that on the reassembling
of parliament Mr. Oliveira will immediately bring on
his motion for a reduction of the duty.
OF.sausr. Sia ANDRYW BAINARD,C3.C.B. and G.C.H.,
died on Wednesday morning, at his residence at
Chelsea Hospital. Sir Andrew, who was Lieutenant-
Governor of Chelsea Hospital, had been in indifferent
health for the last fortnight, but it was only within
the last few days that his decline threatened an early
dissolution. The deceased general was the eon of
the Rev. Henry Barnard, by the daughter of Dr.
Robertson, and grandson of the late Bishop Barnard
of Derry. He was born in 1773, and entered the
a►my as ensign in the 90th Foot, in 171)4. The
colonelcy of a battallion of the Bide Brigade has
become vacant by the death of Sir A. Barnard.
THE extensive and valuable property of the Earl
of Portarlington was sold by auction on Tuesday
last by the commissioners of incumbered estates.
The lands are situate in the counties of '1 ipperary and
Limerick. They contain 23,147 sores, and produced
in the whole 274,1601. According to tinfliths's
valuation they are worth 21,1721. yearly.

58

jortign ant( dolonial 3nttiligente.

FRANCE.

The subscription - book for the new loan closed
on Tuesday evening, and on Thursday the Moniteur
announced that the sum total subscribed for
amounted to 2,175,000,000 f. 177,000 persons took
part in the loan. Algeria, Corsica, and the offers
inscribed in some of the departments during the last
few days are not comprised in this amount. The
departments furnished 126,000 subscribers, the sub-
scriptions of whom give a capital of 777,000,000 f.
At Paris there were 51,000 subscribers, with a capital
of 1,398,000,000 f. The foreign subscriptions were
then divided England provided a capital of
150,000,000 f. (6,000,0001.), and Germany, Belgium,
Switzerland, &c., a similar amount. In the original
programme of the loan there was a promise that the
minor capitalists who offered for amounts not ex-
ceeding 500 f. (201.) of annual Rentes, should have a
preferential claim to the allotments. It turns out
that the whole twenty millions sterling has been
subscribed for by this class, who will accordingly
absorb the entire loan, so that all the large capi-
talists and foreign subscribers must be altogether
refused. It is stated that the French Government
have returned the ten per cent. deposit paid on the
larger subscriptions. Messrs. Rothschild and Baring
have notified to the English subscribers that their
deposits will also be repaid.
Before the Imperial Guard left Paris on their way
to the Crimea the officers were entertained at a
magnificent banquet given by the Emperor at the
Tuileries. After dinner the Emperor and Empress
mingled with the groups of the guests, addressing
words of sympathy to each of those brave men. At
the moment of departure, the Emperor, raising his
voice, and in accent full of emotion, uttered some
words, the latter portion of which were as follows :
" Go," said his Majesty, " my thoughts will follow
you in the distant country to which you go to fight
for the cause of right and for the country's honour.
I shall be with you yet more when absent than
when present." His Majesty afterwards presented
to each of the officers a magnificent pelisse, lined
with fur. Before marching to the terminus of the
Lyons railway, the detachments assembled under the
windows of the Emperor at the Tuileries. There,
in the presence of a crowd, which joined its accla-
mations to those of the soldiers, the air resounded
with enthusiastic cries of " Vive l'Empereur !" From
the height of the balcony the Emperor responded
by waving an adieu. The first detachment of the
Guard, 1,100 strong, sailed from Marseilles on
Tuesday, on board the English steamers Vulcan and
Ripon.

GERMANY.

Instructions to open the conferences for peace, at
Vienna, were on Wednesday received by Lord West
morelaud and Baron de Bourqueney by telegraphic
despatches from the respective Governments.
Regular advices to the same effect were transmitted
on the same day to the envoys from London and
Paris by special couriers.
The Emperor received a deputation from the
National Back of Vienna on Sunday, and in the course
of the interview is said to have expressed his hope in
the re-establishment of peace.
Baron Baumgartner, Austrian Minister of Finances
and Commerce, tendered his resignation on the 11th.
It was accepted, and a telegraphic despatch imme-
diately forwarded to Trieste, to be thence transmitted
to the Baron de Bruck at Constantinople, inviting that
diplomatist to take the vacant porfolio. The Baron
de Bruck formerly held the post which M. Baum-
gartner has quitted. Baron Prokesch, the present
Austrian Minister at Frankfort, will, it is believed,
succeed Baron Bruck as ambassador at Constanti-
nople.
The negotiations with the Vatican for a Concordat
are very far advanced. The Austrian negotiators
are the Cardinal-Archbishop of Prague and the Arch-
bishop of Vienna ; the latter also has credentials from
the Primate of Hungary.
The addition of the Radetsky steam-frigate to the
Austrian navy was celebrated at Trieste on the 10th
inst., with prayers, church music, the national hymn,
firing of cannons, and a ball at which the Archduke
Max was present.