The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1859-01-25 00:00:00

AUSTRALIA.

TRADS OF AUSTRLIA, lcc.-The total population of
the colony of New South Wales in 1856 amounted to
268,189, of whom 228,395 resided in the settled and
37,794 in the pastoral districts. The increase in the
town was 381 per cent., and in the rural districts MI
tier cent. The
__proportion of males to females was u
147.001 to 119.008. The population included 271 per
cent. of English, 181 of Irish, 61 of Scotch, 425 belong-
ing to New South Wales and other Australian colonies,
and 31 of foreigners. There were 563 schools, and
29,246 scholars attending them. As regards religious
persuasions it appears that 494 per cent, were members
of the church, 10'4 Presbyterian dissenters, 51 We -
Man dissenters, 299 -Romanist', 06 Jews, and 1•1
Mahomedans, Pagans. k.c. The number of electors in
the colony was 44,526, equivalent to a proportion of
16'76 per cent, on the population. 6.094 persons were
occupied in trade and commerce, 16,728 in agriculture,
8.532 as graziers of sheep, 3,855 estrum of cattle and
horses I,OEI as horticulturists, 196 sa wine growers,
4,451 is miners in gold and silver (371 Maud), 17,326 as
artificers, 15,446 as unskilled labourers, E 43 as lawyers.
441 as medical practitioners, 293 a; clergymen, 1,360 as
teachers, 16,686 as domestic servants or helps, 1,030
were paupers. and 152,213 not classified. There were
in 18.56 10,097 births, 2,778 marriages, and 4,283 deaths.
The total number of inhabited homes was 286,189.
16,001 emigrants arrived in 1858, of whom 7,210 emi-
grated at the public expense, and 8,791 at their own.
There were only 461 convictions in the Law courts for
felonies and misdemeanours. The revenue was
£1,986,553, and the expenditure £1,825,134. Import
duties yielded a revenue of £471,401, and the proceeds
of gold licenses 00,682. 1,143 vessels of 321,879 tons
entered inwards, of which 106 were from Fngland, 123
from New Zealand, 33 from the South Sea Islands,
and 32 from the United States ; 1,219 vessels of
336,113 tons cleared out ; 24 vessels were built, and
9,409 tons registered in 1856. The imports are valued
at £5,460,971, and the exports at £4,4313,880. The
value of the imported produce of the Urited Kingdom
was £3,140,873; the value of the exports to the United
Kingdom was £1,600,187, New South Wales in 1858
exported 54,086 tons of coals and coke, 42,463 ounces sO
gold, 4,125 horned beasts. 128,I91) gallons of spirits,
/12,120 cwt. of tallow, 894,6601 b. of tee, 230,4301 b. of fig
and Cavendish tobacco.and 18.976.3001 b. of wool, valued
at tual,to ; 981,000 sovereigns, 476,000 lialf-sove-
reigna, and 2,550 bars or ingots were issued at the
Sydney Mint, and £940.480 worth of dust or rid was
received for coinage. The capital of banks paid up at
the end of the year was 0,163,800, the amount of
dividend. £340.112, and the aniount of reserved profits,
£1,055,014. The largest dividends are paid by the Ans.
tralasian Bank. the Bank of New South Wales. the
Union Rank of Australia, and the Conimereial Bank (all
from 15 to 21 percent.) The London Chartered Hank
and the English, Scottish, and Australian Bank only
yielded the insignificant dividend of 4 per cent. The
Union Bank has paid as much as 30 per cent. The coal
produced was 189.900 tons, and the value of it £117,907.
There are 1,108,722 miles of post roads, and by these
were conveyed 2,368,E48 letters, and 2,081.347 new.'
papers. Tlie income of the Poet-oalcie was £29,459 and
the expenditure 014,880. 185.015 acres of land were
under crop, producing 1,758,964 bushels of wheat,
1,085,279 of maize, 67,847 of barley, 48,471 of oats,
27,932 tons of potatoes, 2,813 cwt. of tobacco, and
46,6.11 tone of hay. 1.018 acres were planted with the
grape vine, producing 95,645 gallons of wine and 1.547
of brandy. The live-stock included 168.929 horses,
2,0E1,418 horned cattle, and 7,738,323 sheep. There
were 38 boiling-down establislinients, 266,726 sheep,
45,239 cattle, and 788 hogs slaughtered, and 84,768 cwt.
of tallow thence produced. 26,534 yards of woollen
cloth and tweed were manufactured. besides 57,781 cwt.
of soap, 3,428 cwt. of tobacco, and 122,000 cwt. of sugar
(refined). As regards wages, in 1856, carpenters,
smith*, wheelwrights, bricklayers, and masons could
earn from 12s. 2.1. to 13s. 6d. per dies., without boanl
and lodging; farm labourers earned £3O to £4O per
annum, and mere shepherds £3O to 04 ; plain cooks
could earn £2l to £27 a year; housemaids, £l9 to £22;
laundresses, CV to £26; nursemaids, £l6 to £l9; gene.
ral house servants, 00 to 04 ; and female farm
servants, dairymaids, ke., £l9 to £22.