The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-07-12 00:00:00

released the woman, who ran away, and so did the prisoner,
but he followed the latter, and never lost sight of him until he
gave hint into custody in Whitechaiiel. The officer who had
the prisoner in custody (the Prisoner-was in plain clothes) said
the man was the worse for liquor, and when he took him into
custody he said he knew nothing about the matter at all. Mr.
Matthews swore positively to the prisoner, but the latter as
positively denied the charge, lie admitted that he was at the
races, and got too nitioh drink. He was sent for trial.
TIM Ill_Org WATCH,
George Davies was charged with stealing a watch, belonging
to William Peters, of 324, Nethertield-road North, master
pilot of No. 7 boat. Mr. Cobb appeared for the prisoner. The
prisoner was stopped offering the watch for pledge for £5 ; it
was worth about £2O. He stated that the prosecutor sent him
to pledge it. The chief part of the ease was elicited from MI.
Peters, who was cross-examined by Mr. Cobb at great length.
lie admitted that he used to visit the prisoner's wife, at 17,
Great Newton-tiffet, and that the prisoner knew that he used
to visit his wife, whom'hYltn#W before her marriage. He ad•
//lifted that he -was about "half-ale-half" in drink, and that
he could not till whether he sent" the.pi'ketrer-to pledge the
watch or not.
.Mr. Cobb gave the prosecutor a eiblide facera-
'lion, and Mr. Raffles slid, altogether the case on the' p-iirt of
the prosecutor was most disgraceful. He discharged the psi-
loner, as the evidence was not sufficient to establish the
stealing.

AN INTERESTING PEEP AT CENTRAL

AFRICA.

CAPTAIN BURTON'S EXPLORATIONS.
- (From the Critic.)
It was in June, 1857, when Captain Burton, accom-
panied by Captain Speke, both of the E.1.C.,- started
from Kaole, on the Zanzibar coast, to proceed into the
the region of the central lakes
.of Africa, under the
auspices of the Royal Geographical Society. To follow
him in• his outward journey of 955 statute miles is
obviously impossible, and consequently we limit our-
selves to a few of the more interesting points. The
travellers were attended personally by two Goanese as
servants, two negro gua-carriers, and eight " Baloch "
mercenaries, appointed by the Sultan of Zanzibar as their
body-gaard: They hired besides a number of Pagazi,
or. porters, to carry their ammunition and packages of
cloth and beads. Altogether the "East African Expe-
dition" formed; at starting; a very respectable caravan.
.... The first region traversed Was from note on -the
coast, hit. 6 2.5 S., lon. 38 51E., to Zungemero, thief
district of K'hutu; lat. 7.27 5., lon. 37 22 E. Here we
have account of the coast tribes; the Wamrinia, or hill
people ; of the Wasahili; that is, says Captain Burton,
"the artful dodgers," "dupersubtle and .systematic liars ;"
and of the WazaramO, "an ill-conditioned, noisy, bois-
terous, violent, and impracticable race." This region
has an abundant and luxurious vegetation ; there are
clearings in which are cultivated tobacco, maize, holcus,
manioc, beans, sweet potatoes, and other inter-tropical
crops; but it is a region which the traveller traverses
with terror.;. it has its "Valley of Death,' and ".Home
of Hunger;" and savages lurking in the fetid swamp to
carry off or pillage the unwary straggler. Every station
in the line of march had its incident. At Ngasa in
Uzaramo the travellers witnessed a dance .
At 4 p.m. a load drumming collected the women, who
began to perform a dance of ceremony with peculiar
vigour. A line of small, plump, chestnut-coloured
beings, with wild, beady eyes, and a patch of clay-
plastered hair, dressed in their loin-clothes, with a pro-
fusion of white disks, bead necklaces ~a little square bib
,of beads Called. a " Chin& " partially concealing, the
upper bosom, with short coils' of thick brass wire wound
so tightly round' the wrists, the arms and the elbows,
and the fat ankles, that they seemed to have grown into
the flesh, and--hideous perversion of taste'—with ample
bosoms tightly cOrded down, advanced and retired in a
convulsion of wriggle and contortion, whose, fit expres-
sion Wai a long discordant howl, which seemed to
Einhowel.7ith outrageous noise the air. •
I threw them a few strings of green beads, which for a
moment interrupted the dance. One of these falling to
the ground, I was stopping to pick it up, when Said
_whispered hurriedly in my ear, " Bend not ; they will
say, ' he will not bend even to take up beads,' "
The author's limning of the ladies of Central Africa
is nowhere flattering, save in one place, and that is
where he enters the Land of the Moon. Quoting the
Castilian proverb, which says, the English woman should
be seen at the window, the French woman on the pro-
menade, and -the Spanish woman everywhere, he add's,
" the African woman should be seen nowhere, or in the
dark." But then what beauty iu maturity
expect of the children who can we
have; not a few of them,
" that amusing prettiness which we admire in pugpups ?"
The second region traversed was horn Zungomero,
over the mountains of Usagara, to Ugogi, in lat. 6 degrees
40 minutes S., and lon. 30 degrees 6 minutes E. This was
along and toilsoinejourney. At starting, the traveller and
his companion were so feeble, through the effects of
miasma, that they could scarcely sit on their asses. On
their way they passed
.a thermal spring, which some-
times casts up boiling water in the manner of a geyser.
The water boils and bubbles out of a white sand. The
area is about 200. feet in diameter, and the centre of
ebtillition is unapproachable, owing to the heat and
instability of the soil. The clime.,e at Mzizi Mdogo,
which lay in the route, is described as truly delicious, a
"pure, sweet mountain-air, alternately soft and balmy,
cool and reviving." Here for once their gipsy encamp..
meet lay.

By shallow rivers, to whose falls
Alehidious bards sing madrigals.
I never wearied (says the traveller) with contem-
plating the scene; for, contrasting with the splendours
around me, still stretched in sight the Slough of Despond,
unhappy Zungomero, lead-coloured above, mud-coloured
below, wind-swept, fog-veiled, and deluged by clouds
that dared not approach these delectable mountains.
Nowhere did the travellers experience the romance of
travel ; the author gives sis no moving accident, records
no hair•breadth 'scape; but theii path was not strewn
with flowers, nor did they sleep on beds of roses. If
they had not to contend with lions and to dodge croco-
diles, they had -to deal with enemies more persistent
and less easy•to avoid—as the -red ant, whose cruel sting
almost makes a man wild, and a huge black pismire. •
The pismire, known to the people' as the " chungo-
fundo," is a horse ant, about an inch in length, whose
bulldog-like head and powerful mandibles enable it to
destroy rats and mice, lizards and snakes. It loves
clamp places upon the banks of rivers and stagnant
waters ; it burrows, but never raises hills ; and it
appears scattered for miles over the paths. Like the
other species, it neither knows fear nor sense of fatigue
it rushes to annihilation without hesitating; and it
cannot be expelled from a hut except by fire or boiling
water. Its . bite, which is the preamble to its meal,
burns like a pinch with a red-hot noedle; and when it
sets tp work, twisting itself round and " actroupi" in
its eagerness for food, it may be pulled in two without
relaxing its hold. The favourite food of this pismire is
the termite ; its mortal enemy is a large ginger-coloured
ant, called from its painful wound " maji m'oto," or
" hot water."
The white ant is another tioublesome neighbour, an
industriously destructive insect which makes terrible
havoc with his mandibles, reducing clothes and umbrellas
to rags, and rendering mats and sleeping gear tattered
and unserviceable in the shortest time. lie has his
reward, however, " Man revenges himself upon the
white ant, and satisfies his craving for animal food,
which in these regions becomes a principle of action—a
passion—by boiling the largest and fattest kind, and eat-
ing it as a relish with his insipid 'lrgali or porridge.'
•Varioui • amusing incidents broke the tedium of the
march.• The caravan, if sometimes thinned by desertion,
was at other times recruited by slaves purchased by the
Baloch; or by a " nice gift," such as the lady Zawstdi,,
a present made by an under-chief to Captain Barton's
guide, who is sketched as " a woman about thirty,, with
a black skin like a patent-leather boot, a bulging brow,
little red eyes, a wide -*mouth, which displayed' a few
long, strong, scattered teeth, and a figure considerably
too kulky. for her thin legs, which were unpleasantly
straight like ninepins." -
But Zawada was nothing- in comparison to the Lady
'Sikujui, another female slave added to the Caravan'at
mnange Sikujui, which beting interpretts2 means "Don't
Know," is described-as-,- . . - .
A " mulier nigris dignissima hart*" whose herculean
person and virago manner raised her value to six cloths
and -a large coil of brass wire. The channel of her
. upper lip had been pierced to admit a disk of bone; her
Arab master had attempted to•correct the disfigurement
by scarification and the use of rock-salt. Yet the dis-
'tended muscles insisted upon piojectin„e• sharply from
her countenance, like a duck's bill or the beak of_ an
ornithorhynchus. This truly African ornamentation
would have supplied another instance to the ingenious
anther of " Anthropometamorphosis." "Don't Knew's"
morals were frightful. She was duly espoused—as the
forlorn hope of making her an " hohest woman"—to
Goha, the sturdiest of the Wak'butu porters, after
a week she treated him with sublime contempt. She
gave him first one, then a dozen rivals ; she disordered
the Caravan by her irregularities ; she broke every
article entrusted to her charge, as the readiest way of
lightening her burden; and—" le moindre defaut d'une
femme galante est de l'etre "—she deserted so shame-
lessly, that at last Said bin Salim disposed of her, at
Unanyembe, for a few measures of rice to a travelling
trader,- who came-next morning to complain of a broken
head.

The Windy Pass, the summit of the third and west-
ermost range of the Usagara Mountains, is 5,700 feet
. above the sea-level. It was cleared, and the frontier of
.Ugogo was reached—Ugogo "stern and wild, the rough
muse of rough men," upon whose plains is found a large
crevasse in lofty rocks of pink and grey granite, which
goes by the name of Duugomaro, or the Devil's Glen.
There was new to traverse the third region, through
Urnbo and Mgunda Mk'hali, to Tura of Unyamwezi,
which is situated in fat. 6 deg. 27 min. S. and
long. 34 deg. E. This is a -formidable region ;
and before entering it Ridogo, the guide, found
it necessary to fortify the courage of,. itisr.tnel by
delivering .hi if Vihiculq4fe,ol%7ll3/41Krciii4ri es
of ‘4,lllaneno :tort o%4,.ipxylia_
aleatory " Tica,s.llie rg -4 ,C#o4o i, Alelivered with
wild esticula eteet Hearken
tpitny Ot,ye oftiptlnt of the Melt !.1 The ibutil
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atereth tszfgav Bel'Efli-44kalit
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(Ireitampe44 A AvealcL
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Tea-laifir,.lloltrANYFA;goite,.tottn9 dreg' Uhl' teltiV
every settlement turned out its swarm of gazers, man

and women, boys_and girls, sonic of whom' would follow
f them 'for' miles, with explosions of !—i
screams of la:lighter and cries of excitement, at a long
high. trot—" rifest'_ ungraceful of motion '." says; Ole
author ; who adds; "lied' with a scantiness of toilette
which displayed • truly utisetnly spectacles." The
hidging-houies in Central Africa CM, net particularly-
tempting . •
some regions, as in Ughgo; these -lodginp- become
peculiarly offensive .if not burnt after the first ?ear..
The trampling of the Owners upon the roof shakes mad.
and soot from .the ceiling.; and the rain washes down
masses of earthwork heavy enough to do injury. The
interior is ay nleffagerie of -hens, pigeons, and rats, of
peculiar impuderite.• Sccorpions .and earwigs, fall from
their nests in the warm- -of shady rafters. The former,
locally termed "Ngerie a =VII yellow variety, and,
though it stings spitefully, the pSdn. seldom- lasts through
-the day, as many as three have dropped' qua my couch
in the course of. the-week. In Ugego there is a green
scorpion from four to five inch-ea:long, which inflict& a
torturing wound. According_to the Arabs, the scorpion
in: Mast Africa dies after inflicting five conseeutite
stings, thid oittrofts suicide if a bit of stick be applied
to the middle' of its back. The earwig is common
all damp plaeec.l and it haunts the huts on account of
the shade. .... A saiseli .-Xylophagus, with a large
black head, rains a yelloer duet like pollen from the
riddled wood-work ; house-Crichets• chirp from evening
to dawn ; cockroaches are • plentiful apt in an Indian
steamer ; and a solitary mason wasp, the "liumbharni"
or "potter's wife" of Western India, burrows in the
wall, or raises plastered nests and buzzes ahocrt the
inmate's ears; lizards, often tailless after the duello,
tumble from the ceilings ; in the darker corners spiders__
of frightful hideousness weave their solid webs ; and
the rest of the population is represented by tenacious
ticks of many kinds, flies of all sorts, bugs, fleas, muss
quitoes, and small ants, which are, perhaps, the worst
plagues of all.
The fourth and longest region. traversed was through
rnvamwezi, Ugara, Uwende, and tryinza„ to the ford
Of the river Malagarazi, which is situated in lat. 5 deg:-
7 min. S. and long. 31 deg. 13 min. E. Unyamwezi is
the far-famed Land of the Moon.' The- Man of the
Moon—or at least -one- Of the chiefs of. -the:land—is.
described as a large-limbed, gaunt; angular,- tall old
man, with a black oily skin, seamed with wrinkles; and
long wiry pigtails, thickened with grease, melted butter:.
and castor oil, depending -from the sides of his purbald
head. The women of the country appear to haVe made
amends, in the eyes of the traveller, for the ugliness of
the men, espeeillly the ladies Of Yoinbo :
. Among, the fair of Yombo there were no less than
three beauties—women who would have been deemed
beautiful hi any part of the World. Their faces were
purely Grecian; they had laughing eyes ; their figures
Were models for an.artist, with - • - • •
. .
Turgide, brune, a r:tondette mamnie,
like the " bending statue that delights the world " case
in bronze. The dress---a short kilt-of:calabash fibre—
rather set off than concealed their charms, and, though
dettitute of petticoat or crinoline, they were wholly
unconscious of indecorum. It is a question that by no
means can be answered in the affirmative, that real
modesty is leis in proportion to the absence of toilette.
These "beautiful domestic animals" graciously smiled
when, in my best Kinyamwezi, I did my devoir to the
sex ; and the present of a little tobaece always :secured
me a seatin the undress circle. - _
. . The Land of the Moon is the garden of Central
Intertropical Africa, and that Eves should be found in
it is no winder, nor less that the devil should slip in.
In some parts of Eastern Africa, when a child is born
.with the-two -tipper incisors cut in its head, it is put to
death ; here, in the Land of the Moon, when twins are
brought into the world, which is not common, -One of
the two is invariably put to death. The universal
custom among these. tribes is for the. mother to wrap a
gourd of calabash in skins, to place it to sleep with, and
to feed it, like the survivor. The men of the Land of
the Moon have adopted the curious practice of leaving
property to their illegitimate children by slave girls and
concubines, to the exclusion of their legitimate children,
as they consider that the latter are in a better position
to take care of themselves.
But we must hurry on. The fifth and last region
traversed was from the Malagarazi Ferry to the rid-
ranga, on _the Lake Tnnganyika, in lat. 4 deg. 5S min. S,
and loag. 30 deg. 3 •lithe. 30 sec. E. 'The fartheit'
:western point gained by the Expedition, however, was
tvira, on the western coast of the lake. Tire travellers
had surmounted many perils, but were. suffering -greatly
in health. Capt. Speke was labouring under ophthalmia;
but they were gradually nearing the goal of their desire.
After a long march, the caravan halted upon a slope
beyond a weary-swamp. •A violent storm was brewinee;
but in the far distance appeared walls of sky—blue cliff
with gilded summits, which were 41; a beacon to the dis-
tressed mariner. The march was resumed -through
screens of lofty grase, which thinned out into a strag-
ling.forest. .
After about an hour's march, as we entered a small
savannah, I saw the Fnndi running forward and changs
ing the direction- of, the caravan. Without supposing,
that he had taken upon himself thii responsibility, I fol-
lowed him. Presently he breasted a steep and stony hill,
sparsely clad with thorny trees. It was the death of my
companion's riding-ass. • 'Arrived with toil—for our
fagged beasts now refused to proceed—we halted for a
few minutes upon the summit. "What is that streak of
light that lies below ?" I inquired of Seedy Bombay.
" I am of opinion." quoth Bombay, " that that is the
hater." I gazed in dismay; the remains of my blind-
ness, the veil of trees, and a broad ray of sunshine
illuminating but one reach of the Lake, had shrunk its
fair proportions. Somewhat prematurely I began to
lament my folly in having risked life and lost health for
so poor a prize, to curse Arab exaggeration, and to pro-
pose an immediate return, with tie view of exploring
Nyanza or Northern Lake. Advancing; however, a few
yards, the whole scene suddenly burst upon my view,
filling me with admiration, wonder, and delight."
Lake Tanganyika is a great inland sea of about 300
miles in length, from thirty to forty miles broad, and
containing a'sheet of water of 5,000 square miles. -There
are Several islands in the lake, the largist of which,
inhabited by a most-savage-tribe, is called IThwari." The
waters are tweet, abound in fish, and are Often lashed
into waves b' the fearful tempests of these regions.
Captain Buiton maintains that, like the Dead -Sea, this
lake has no outlets. But his opinions on this subject,
as well as on the geography of the Lake Nyanza, suhse-
quently reached by his companion,- Captain -Speke,. die
open to considerable controversy. - The discovery of
these lakes was the crowning reward of the East .African
expedition. Pity it is, however, that it should have given
rise to the unseemly recriminations which appear in these
volumes. It-would now appear to be certain that lakes
Ngami, Tanganyika, • and Nyanza, are all several and
distinct. Whether the litter is the great fountain of..
the 'Nile, Speke claims it to be, remains to be-
proved. It ie the sore point of controversy. The has-
yellers embirked tanganyika Lake; and. ascertained
some geographical facts respecting, the northern ex-:
tremity ; but the southern has still. to, be explored.. The
Wabembe, on the western coast of the lake, are man-
eaters. They are tan apathetic to -cook" him; indeed,
they prefer man rair, unlike the- people of Udoe on the
coast, who prefer him roasted. Bat,. besides -Mail; they
devour all kinds of carrion and vermin, grubs gaud insects,
whilst they abandon to wild growths a land of the
.richeit soil 'and. of the most prolific climate. -The
author says:

A hungry look hung upon them-all ;.
and amongst cannibals one always 'fancies .one's sell
considered in the light of butcher's meat—the poet-
devils, dark and stunted, timid and degraded, appear
104 living to the Jiving than to the dead. • , • -
There is nothing in the home journey which calls for
particular remark. Captain Burton, though necessarily
egotistic, speaks with the modesty of a courageous man of
.the dangers he encountered and the sufferings he tinder-
went. Though his colours may be laid on rather thick bere
and there, on this point he cannot be chargedow ith making
use of tine arlieetives towards himself. With blemishes in
composition which wo have referred to, these volumes
will nevertheless be accepted as important contribntiona
th our- knowledge of the interior of . Central.
That many of his conclusions will be debated there can
he no doubt ; and we must say he rather -coprte hostility;
because, thOngh we have awarded him the tribute or
modesty where he has to speak of his personal adventure
he is not without a certain self-sufficiency and easlir
manner of pooh-poohing his. opponents. We would •
especially commend to public attention his -final
chapter on "The Character and Religion of the
East Africans, their Government and Slavery."
No piece of writing in such small compass portrayi
so clearly the degraded condition of the descendants of
Ham, morally, physically, and politically. The curse-
of slavery is nowhere so painfully visible. • '" This Reo7;
ple, robbed and spoiled' by their oppressors, who are
legionary, call themselves ' the meat,' and the slave-
dealers the knife ; ' they hate and feat ,their own
demon Moloch, but they lack unanimity to free their
necks from his yoke. Africa still ' lies in tier blood ; '
but the progress of . human society,- -and the -straiten.
bonds which unite man with man,: shalt eventually res-
cue her from her old pitiable fate."
•So
.concludes the
author, and every philanthropist will readily add his
Amen !

The
Swiss riflemen have issued a grateful
address, on their departure from England, for the
hospitality shown to them.
The entire sum taken at the show of the Royal
Agricultural Society, at Canterbury, on Monday,
the first day, was only I:215 against X 1,400 at-
Warwick, last year. -
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