The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1872-10-15 00:00:00

THE DIAN OF CARLISLE ON 01011 PRICIS

AND 111011 LIVING.
The Dean of Carlisle, presobiog in Carlisle Cathedral
on Sunday. upon the prnepecta of the bad weather, the
murrain among earls, the oonfliets between labour and
capital, end the preepeete of mereity of food end con-
sequent high prier is the winter, meld It appeared to
blot tbat under its peculiar eiregmetaotna of the times
our diet duty we. to endeavour to reduce out luxuries:
—There was no question that our nation at this time
Indulges in a greater degree of lazory than any other.
There was more spout in dress, in gratification. and
travel than by any other nation on earth. And It had
been genceally observed by those who studied history
that when • nsUoa roar to such a pinnacle of wealth
and luxury, that was the beginning of her dory. If,
therefor, w• •ould avoid that catastrophe, we should
I miry ems set oareelyss to see what we *saki do to
•Mhbittateedlees expense. He um not addressing many,
be lholdemd, who indulged In extraromat lacurita,
sma as were sees Is the metropolis and Is theft places
where Mower seemed the business of the day, sod
arratias and folly the gods Mat were werskioa
sin it might be that, in their hotrieholis and t
families, and theft doomed@ arrangements, there Me
want et roomy and self-dosial, and want of general
eadoevour to avoid extravagance. Oasis were t•
be high in prior. What ea important this( that was.
Honsebolders should every ooe of thee bosoms air
MINIS et bow mach waste there was. Betty wag
adds/ le the exposes of everybody. Let than pa
Womb overytideg la their households, sod em
whetter they weld EMI do without this or that. It wee
the duty of everybody mum gerbils grounds, it we. the
duty of every msa, woman, sad arid smogs us who
had somperative ease, who had daily iodelpness and
food soil elothes, to emmemile sad see what ahoy eaglet
do without for the good of the wholes. AM here Ms
seasolease would not allow him to be sliest la regard
to the explode* todulgeasies of drink sad
Wham. Ware they aware that the money spat In this
mustry upon thise two things 11011111 PS, the notices'
debt In three years? Thu' were no half-deem expellees
—way, met eve° the expense of the 111110-001rell and
gembdag on racehorse, willed sweated to so many
adding as were spent In annothlag not . He
remembered • time when not • parses In the
mart very kw people ladalged is tobacco. When be
left the University In 1820 be did not know • Mead
who smoked. Now the dillatlty was to know whe did
sot. He was speaking of it sow et an extraysgent
blowy, ant U any ass gave It up, although it would be
palatal far awhile, be would be *sly dmakf al aft's-
wards Ice having lest a tyrant.

BRAP.SBY ON WORK AND WAGER
Mr. Bruer has furnished all persons who tabs part
In the °authored's, repeated with capital and l
with a retreats of most valuable fate. His own
observation and hie father's farriers hare given him
great opportuaities for earring enders on the
ixtisat, and Wort and Wars shows that these oppor-
tunities hays her turned so good aronnt. The most
Interesting raptors perhaps are those which deal with
the qagrons whether renamed waged or shorter
hoary do or do not imply greater cost of production,
whitlow wagee have trio more rapidly in England than
In other contd.'s, and whether the commercial pro-
gram of other eountries has of late base pester than of
our own. Upon the fir point the easels arrived at by
Mr. Breary will perhaps astonish some readers. "Daily
wagea," he says, "are no criterion of the actual rot of
executing worku or of carrying out manufaotenng
operations. On the contrary, expenses* tram that
there is a most narrator sendantry to equality to the
oral or of work throughout the world." This
result isle part due to the superior diligent'., skill, and
irony on the part of the workmen which usually
amourry a higher rate of war, and is part to the
stimulus which dear labour of vie to the remotion of
machinery. In making the North Devon Railway the
laoriters were at fir pold 2s. a day, afterwards Bs, a
day. The work was done more cheaply at the latter
rats than at the f fire,. On the Main Deacon works
Is Oxford-street the wages of the riskier= were at
first 61. • day and afterwards 10t. The oast of cos-
etruotion per cubic yard was actually has rafter
the wages had been err than It wee at first. On
the Paris sad Roma Railway the son of • outhing
made by English labourers who were paid ss. a day wan
lower per cubic yard than that of ea adjurer cutting
made by Frei' labourers at 25.61. • day. Murry caste
LI much is Italy as in Ifireherer,though the nits of wages
Is meek lower. In Wary; the reifreament-room at
Basingstoke, a London brialayer was employed coo one
made of the stades st si. 61. per day, and on tbe other
side two country bricklayers wars employed at 3.. 61.
a day. The more highly paid workman laid more brier
in a day than the other two aril lay together. The
explanation Is not merely that a higher wage is a
stinturs to exertion, bat thrift enables employers to
have the pia of the beet men It is the superior work
which is the rase of the higher wage, not the converse.
As regards hours, we are told that when MIL Doling of
Malheur reduced their working hours from twelve
to eleven, making no Morro* in the pay, they found
that the era did five per rot. more work in the
shorter time than they had dor in the longer time,
In South Wales, before the trent rise of wages, miners
worked on as average twelve bolus • day, while la the
North of Ragland they worked only seven; yet the
oast of getting coal at Aberdare wee teary-fin per
rot, more than in Northumberland. In making the
Treat Valley Railway it was found that two staff* of
men, each working for eight hours a day, got through
more work than the semi number of men all workbag
ten hours • day. At the beginning of the present yer
Mere. BASISOIDO and SIMS Muer their thee from 54
to 51 hears a weak. The men working the machines
have se exerted theemeline that the power required to
keep them ring has irreased from twelve to after
per rot. Tier tasters' show the art on the or
of reassert* of an improved sundries of the labourer,
whoa the labourer is really willing to de his best. It
mast la remeathered. however, that the aloe hours
raoreent in this country is supported by the Trade
Calor avowedly on the ground that it limits predes-
tine and ramie the emplorseat of three mot to do
two oten's work. 11 may of were, be assumed that,
when this is their choler they will do Ora beet to
attain h. Other examples show the effect of stian-
lated inveatioe. Is the United lityytel the areal
oat of labour lias led to such 1
Is manefaotur• that the insertstere are ablei tvo""millitc:
earkon wheels that will reed an amount of weer mod
tear whir roves wrotagbt-iree wheels made in England
eon hardly madam A rainwater pips la America will
rue be atareely more this the eighth of an ler thick,
In England it would be five times that thrums. In
the hardware trade an American worrier earns doable
the wages el an English workman, but "labourving
appliances have bees brought te such parterre that
in tweedy-five Glaser of hardware geode the United
States are are to export largely into essistries la whisk
the pay of arras is rarely • quarter of the wage pad
in America." In California, in 1870, the wages of fano-
labourers during harvest were from 88 to De • month
with food sod lodging found. The harems in the oast
of sgrisaltaral prods,. whisk this stir of things might
sere to nesessiate has been barnewzoinl go exterive a
recourse to machinery that the on of labourers
to cultivated land' probably does not exert one heed
demtle°l.ll.7yerion mwskwowuhlod*Thwit"Ton:Urirtneilaktoosladha:wrionkdisinismustraoseerth"gbeearielhp:
of the demands of the workmen. There are some
Parsons, however, to whom sothiag soarer so mush
ration as the spectacle of • fellow-safferer, and to
them Mr. Bnuesey's raptor en the rise of wages arced
may be reeommeaded. In Franca ewes have isereard
forty per sent during the Ire After Tears. At
0 ten zot era is 11 y, where 10,000 wearer are employed,
rawer 1850 and 1866 ir mese rate advaeoull thirty-
eight per cent, while 700 families are lodged at half
he usual boor rent, and provided with gardens for a
nominal payment of two arm a year. At Y.
Drantey's militery clothing mit•bUshoseut in Paris the
hightail wages earned by mea and rare respectively
are 81, 44. and Es, 41. • day. In Leaden the outside
rata would be 7a and Is. 61. At the great nine works
near Logo wages have risen foity-fir per rot. in
twelve yearn in Italy, woos 1861, they have then r
some trades frost thirty to Arty yet ear Nevertheless
Mr. Brame, repeatedly and emphathally warns working-
men not to peril their own prosperity es well as that if
their employers by insisting on too 1451:Loregrds es or too
short hours, gad it is eertain that mar may be
pushed to a point at which they could not concerted
without Ingle serious injury upon trade,

A guild of ming woweew has been famed lo oonasotion
4th tbe abuse& id Chipping Bodbary.
Dr. Glies Mesh, • retired physidea, of Torquay, bee
2000 knocked down by • bomber's start and killed.
The Northern Ohio Lunatie Asylum dee been
destroyed by Are. Several of the 600 turnatee 'scalped.
The Maiquis add Ihrehiosess of L.rns will, it id
expected, itsee Wetmore Heuer Wlndaor Great Park,
Winders.' allotted them as reei:lesisa by the game.
Their Royal Higbiseasee the Prior* end Pi loans of
Wales will Mime Abergelum for elrillledbasn-park, the
most of the Berl of Taakerrilis, on the 14th last. *I
The Warwick Corporation. who ay. yaws ago owls-
tamped the experlissat of amigo irrigation', Imo I
revolved t. lot the form, is view of the asoirtoiaty of
realisischay mops aid the dooromalag (lewd for rye-
pt u a prossat thole the moil* sod gam•
haws molly boloosod.

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