The Press.
London, England, 1853-11-26 00:00:00

'1'1t:11►4: 'l'o► AUSTRALIA.

A anti important alteration' Ints been perceptible,
within the part few clays, in the eliaraeteroof the Australian
I roule.

---
The late rhinor in the markets of the (Nagai). from lA-
eesmivo buoyancy null hileellildisall to the ordinary 1.111111111•
of busilieW4 has bad the etl'eet of '• %%coaling" the trails. sal
'Nearly sill atoms who 111.1.111.1. 111111 11111.11111111111111 %%1111 11. The
vlreet of this reset • has hewn seen by the very quiet pro.
gress of tniale, and the fall in freights during the last two
or three months. There 11E11 111/W. 111/WVV/.1., 1.V1111.1114.14 111.11
111,1V111 111 11'01111111W 1/11/11111.SN. 1.111. 111111111111 I.ol' tb ge
has during the last fa.w allays sensibly increased, anal in
eiilltiellltellee freights have milled 61 1111.1 1' \ll.llt 14 I.l'lllll IA
to 211 per relit. 61101111 V 1 Well Well. Shipped btrlc at
IlOs, per ton could Mit now tie put sill b.nutl till' LOSS 1111111
Vbs. to s4ls. for Melbourne and S)altary. Thera, is, indeed,
no probability of the Alistnaliatt etolonies being in waist of
adequate supplies 111 goods Or merchandise of buy kind.
For the future the traile a ill lae m 41110411 with less excite-
ment and speesilation, atial aith more il.glilarity HMI last-
ing Iwnelit to the manittheturers, Marl Millet', Mer-
chants, anal shipowners of this a try. The amnia wants
of the severs/ isalonies will in future he better known, anal
supplied with .l. certainly. The enormous increase to
their popidati Millet' the illsesiVel) gishlesifllloilleil With
the maid 111441810 W Or prosperity to the eolonists, has neces-
sarily vaulted a much greater 14111,41111114 hill of bur manufac-
tures than would litherwist. have lieell the Oise. The Aus-
tralian dependencies ale dratintvl to be Of mita+ greater
important... to the Heather county 1111{11 they have yet been.
They will attract and absorb the surplus isaptilatisat, anal
make thousands also were belt are is it Willits her re-
soirees isintributely largely Igo her individual still national
wealth. Poverty in England will be exchanged for rem-
fort, independents., eaampetenee, anal wealth it' .kustralia.
The departure of eileh emigrant Will lessen the natisanal
burdens at home. Wall to the hill/0111011'e Of Australia, anal
illervass. astir Snide with the col • .s. the sla,velaap-
-1111.111. of their litillerld rrsuurces will he the alitigl'elit •
of sill newthe no less imporlunt 111111 eXtellSit e
advantages presented in the alevelaq 'tat of her agricultu-
ral eellstileee% Gill hut he Ilegleelesi. it has heel, 111•011111
that of the manly thousand-a of pt.rtss MN Wlll/ 1111V1.1.11111;114tell
tll Australia. a Meat ulnuhrr aretot►lly' unfit for the dig-
gings. anal the necessary labour, incomenienees, :anal hand-
ships of a lalwrions life. All, therefore, also are 1111,4111ted
fair the one will eSelltlially lulapl thelle4elVes Its
shltleeK, supply the sleticieney felt in the general lalsoltr
illill'het, MO VS clonally qualify themselves for successful
agriculturists, tradesmen, and inechaities. The induce•
maids advt.'s' by Australia to the practical
estpitalisst. told sole :and to work I;ar piescht
competence and Ware ease. toe great that they must in
titue withdraw from the United Kiticaliiin such a portion
of our overcrowded population AS Will l'elleVe the lieeNSltre
felt at home, and supply the waist e‘paTietieeal in the colo-
nies. The advantages whieli will be gained la) this result
are t 1111 l old, sal will he pertililliellt. With the increase of
population and capital, and the diffusion of industry
through the colonies, there aill be the %%ant of more direct
and Certain rbt'tl►tlltaitgntbu &Owl poine to point. This
will produce the demand for, anal curlier the formati 111 l of,
roads—a matter whirls is essentiall necessary to the Kw
per and early spread of the population anal the prosperity
of the colonists. This already forms Is proluinrut subject
of tileseittosioti itt the colony. MO the hope is expressed that.
as England will be so greatly benefited by their progress,
the home 04nel-finical will aid is effecting Ousels speedily
as possible,

THE PRESS.

MR. THACKERAY AND HIS AMERICAN
CRITICS.

Ten: following is the letter of Mr. Theickeray, on
which we have commented in another column :
" Sir,—Allow me a word of explanation in answer to
strange charge which has 114411 brought against me in the
I:tiited States, and which your New lurk ciim!,,ponilent
has made public in this country.
lis the first number of a periodical story which 1 am
now publishing appewrs a scidenee in which I should never
have thunght of finding iitly harm until it had been ills.
VIA I'll 4 by some critics titer the water. The fatal words
are these :
" ' When pigtails grew on the barks of the British gentry, and
their wives wore eusitionki Ott their heads, over *Melt they tied
their owls hair, tool disguised it with rooter sod potoutum;
whets ministers weal in their stars and orders to the Ilona' of
I'ot alnotss, sot the orator .d of the Opposition attacked *lightly
the noble I. its Iha blue rilkossil; ,lieu Mr. wssitingtou was
heading the naerieso rrhels With a courage. It llllldt be eddnlcss .l,
N 4.111 by of 14 fetter 1.611444.,—there value to 1.4 oolou, out of 14
111 /11-11,111 ••••iiitto, Mr.; ,te.
_ . .

. • .
"This. paragraph ha, been intetp►eted in An►eric•u a% au
instill to 11itsliiitgtion awl the s hole Unit 01l ; and, frou the
sadness 14,1.1 gravity with %%Well your eo►'►•eslraoleut quotes
ee►tain of lay words, it is evident he, too, thinks they have

an insolent and Malicious meaning.
" !laving published the .Imi-rival' critic's tstiument, per.
mit the author of a faulty sentence to say what be slid mean,
and to add the obvious I of the apologne which has
been Ito oddly construed. I nui speaking of a young ale
prentice I'u.. lag up to L1111(11111 listween the years 17716441,
and want to 1114011 a few figures of tits. last reittury. ( The
illustrated 'wail-letter lit' the :limiter was intended to
represent Ilsigartlim industriiins apprentice.) I fancy the
old society with its buolog and powiler—llarri. or Fox
thundering at I mill Nisi th asleep on the Treason". bench—
the newsreaders at the ciitti.esttaim talking over the paper,
I owning that this Mr. Washington, who was leadillgthe
'Owls, was a cry courageous soldier. and worthy of a
letter
1.1111/04 than fighting against King George. The imagi,s are
at least natural and pretty consecutive. 1776—the people
711 1.4111d.11 in '7ll—the Lords and House of I'
iu
' I.soril North—Washingtslll—what the people thought
about IVashingtoll,--I 41111 thinking about ad. ill
the 111411114 of common 14111141., is the iu.nit to 15.,1? The
satire, it' satire there be, applies to us at home, who called
Washington ' Mr. 11•ashinglon ;' as we called Frederick
the 4 treat ' the Protestant Item,' or Napoleon ' the Cot,
siettn tyrant,' or ' tient.ml Bonaparte: Nerd I say that
• littieslN were instrueted ( instil they were taught better
manners 1 141 call Washington 'Jt r. Washington?' and
that the .%ineriettuts were railed rebels dining the whale of
that contest !kiwis :—of et Ruse they Were YAWN; and
1 should lilt/. to know What lltdire Allll'6lllll WOlllll lint
11:1V, 1444'11 11 14•l„'1 in 111111 1'111144' ?
".‘s irony is 11/11144.1'114115. all has littrt the feelings of kind
fricuils whom I would not wish to 0410'1141 14'1 ale say, in
perfeet litith and gravity. that I think the eats' for which
Washington fought entirely illSt 111111 right, 111111 1111' ellalll4
1114111 ill/. very noblest, purest, bravest, hi,t Of 4 iotrs: 11101.
" Athenwitui, Nov. " W. M. 'ln 14 !sh:IIAY."

LAIU AND SMALL CONSTITUENCIES.
TO THE EDITOR OE " THE PRESS."
Sir,—ln my letter to you last week 1 pointed out
that the small boroughs of England ►►• ere the %iron-
hold of that negation of principle which is embodied
in the existence of a colourless Administration. I
showed that, with the great majority of those mem-
bers who represented the constituencies which con-
tain less than mor•a itusnnt:o electors each, the
budget of Mr. Gladstone exceeded in popularity that
of his predecessor. 1 felt naturally auxions to know
if a similar result would arise on an analysis of the
tootle in which all the members who represent the
large constituencies voted on those two occasions. 1
was pleased upon investigation to find that the verdict
of the large constituencies was the reverse of that of
the small boroughs. The last parliamentary returns
give 77 constituencies which contain more than morn
ntousANn electors each ; of those 50 belong to the
counties, t) to the boroughs, and one to the Univer-
sity of Cambridge, and they return an aggregate of
1113 members. In the division of May on Mr. Glad-
stone's budget 01 voted with him, 77 voted against
him, and 2-1 wen► absent; and in December 89 voted
with Mr. I►israeli,Sit against hint, and 15 were ab-
sent ; thus giving the late Government a very decisive
majority in the larger constituencies over the Coali-
tion Cabinet. The mere suppression, therefore, of
small boroughs, witl► the transfer of their representa-
tives as additional members for the large constitnett
dies, will never be proposed, for the best of all possible
reasons, that thereby the Tory party would be
strengthened. If for the future a 101. annual rental
occupation suffrage is alike to be a qualification in
counties and boroughs, and the more populous con-
stituencies are to receive additional members upon
the suppression of small boroughs, justice to the
counties demands that the apportionment of such
distribution should be based, not up►ot the number
of electors in existing county constituencies, but
upon the numbers they would contain with such an
extension of their suffrage. 1 ant, your obedient
servant, As Ex-M.P.

Alm W. P. Au vi, of Blair Adam, who contested
the representation of the counties of Chiekmannan
and Kinross in 1,451, is about to proceed 1p India, as
secretary to Lord Elphiustone, the newly-appointed
tjuveruer 4.4l3onthay

SATURDAY,

jortign ant Colonial nttlligence.

PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.
Putts, November 24.
Tin; Emperor and Empress continue the series of
their magnificent entertainments at Fontainebleau.
The following guests have just arrived :—His Excel

ency the Marshal Minister of War, the British
Ambassador, the Turkish Minister, the Ministers of
Sweden, Tuscany, and Greece, and the Generals
de Lourinet, de Lowtestine, 'bisque, Gado, Renault,
Regnault de St. .lean d'Angely, the Marquis and
Marchioness de Las Marismas, the Marquis and
Marchioness d'Espenilles, the Marquis and Mar-
chioness de Reamer, the Count de :Horny, the Prince
and Princess de Callimaki, the Count de Galve.
The guests who have departed are the Prince
Napoleon, the Princess Mathilde, the Prince Murat,
their Excellencies the Ministers of State and Foreign
Affairs anti Madame Drouyn de l'Huys, the Presi-
dent of the Senate, the Marshal commanding the
army of Paris, the Ministers of Denmark, of Austria,
of Saxony, of 'tussle, of Bolivia, and of Chili,
Generals Feray, Soleil, de l'Etang, and l)aumas, the
Prince anti Princess de Chimay, the Prince and
Princess de Wagram, the Duke anti Duchess de
I.esparre, tile Count and Countess Clary, the Marquis
and Marchioness of Ely, M. and Mine. tiudin, the
Prince de Beaufremont, the Duke tie Trevise, the
Count de Lagrange, the Count Excelmans, M.
Thourenel, the Marquis de Lezay-Marnesia,
Horace Vernet, 31. Meyerbeer, M. Leopold Lehon.
tin Sunday last their Imperial Majesties honoured
by their presence a carrousel given by the oth Regi-
ment of Hussars, in the avenue of the Park. This
military festival was favoured by very tine weather.
On raised seats around the Emperor appeared the
Prince Napoleon, the Princess Mathilde, the I )owager
Grand Duchess of Baden, the Prince and Princess
de Chimay, the Count de Walewski, French Ambas-
sador at the Court of St. James (just arrived front
London), &e. &c., and the officers of the household
of their Majesties. The inhabitants of Fontaine-
bleau and the surrounding parishes occupied seats in
raised booths, or crowded the surrouuding amphi-
theatre. Before taking lAs leave the Emperor
publicly testified his satisfaction at the skilful and
elegant performance he hail witnessed to Colonel
Ney, his aide-de-camp, commanding otlieer of this
fine regiment.
The Mon/leer cont rips an expoiot of the financial
situation of the department of the Seine, presented
by the Prefect, 31. 1 aussmatin. The debt at the
close of the present year will amount to 7,069488 C,
anti, on adding the deficit which is foreseen in 1854,
the enormous amount of 5,400,045 f. is arrived at.
The Prefect declares he has no means in his power
to meet such an emergency, and that he is obliged to
seek for a remedy in a higher region. The tioveni•
inent of the Emperor is most seriously occupied with
this state of the affairs of " the good city of Paris."
A decree, dated from Fontainebleau, 22nd Noven!
her, establishes for the future the duties to be levied
on foreign coal and iron. These are sensibly dimi•
nisheil, and a great boon is thereby conferred on the
British interests engaged in these most important
branches of our industry. Nor is this all that is to
be looked for from the Government of the Emperor.
It is but the first step towards a series of fiscal re-
ductions tending towards the establishment of free
trade in France, but wisely and gradually brought
about so as to inflict no injury on any class of manu-
facturers, and, above all, safe-guarding the interests
of the agriculturists, the firmest basis of the power of
the Crown.
No news of a political nature is in circulation, and
that which was put forth yesterday of the entrance of
• the combined fleets into the Black Sea is rejected is
spurious in welt informed circles. The incertitude
which hangs over us as to the arrangement of
the Oriental question, and the probability that
its baneful effects will be extended over the
whole winter, are most alarmingly felt by the
mercantile community. However, a powerful C(011I•
pany has been formed at Marseilles, who have found
the capital required to build five or six iron
colliers, of 1,400 to 1,5410 tons—screw steamers—
which will be employed for the importation of Eng-
lish coals from Newcastle for the service of the
numerous steam-boats in the Mediterranean. The
reduction of the duties on coal will be of great lie-
ment to the projectors, Messrs. J. Vincent and

Barry. -
-
The Court of Cessation has pronounced its judg-
ment in the case of the appeal from that of the Court
of Rouen by the parties condemned in the affair
commonly called " Des correspondances." 'rhe op-
peal is rejected in these terms That, under the
circumstances, the Court of Rouen, having decided
that the Prefect of Police had proceeded legally, and,
far from violating any law in opening the private letters