The Press.
London, England, 1855-11-24 00:00:00

GREECE.

King Otho opened the Greek Chambers on the
12th. In his speech his Majesty declared that the
Ministerial change which had taken place had been
necessary in order to uphold the royal dignity, in-
jured by the preceding Cabinet.
The King thanked the nation for the attachment
it had evinced, and promised the politic maintenance
of neutrality, preserving, at the same time, the friend-
ship of foreign powers. His Majesty further
announced somewhat indefinitely that a treaty had
been concluded with Turkey. A slight difference
with the United States had been settled to the satis-
faction of all parties.
M. Tricoupi refuses to accept office, and will not
go to Athens.

M. Di; ViNesE, the well-known Liberal member of
the Prussian Chamber, has refused IA) accept his
nomination for Hagen at the late election. The
reason given is, that the King on passing through
Hagen immediately after the election meeting
with an enthusiastic reception, observed to the
authorities—" This reception gives me the greatest
pleasure, proceeding as it does from a town which
has elected as deputy to the Chamber one of my
enemies."
LIEUTENANT GENERAL GERLACH, high in the con-
fidence of the King of Prussia, has had, it is said,
State papers and private despatches systematically
purloined from him by two valets-de chambre. A
foreign embassy at Berlin is stated to he deeply im-
plicated in the matter.

1117

THE AUSTRIAN CONCORDAT.
Taus remarkable document, which has aroused the
attention of Europe, has at length appeared in
extenso. The convention between the Pope and
the Emperor of Austiia, signed on the 18th of
August, and ratified on the 25th of September last,
is prefaced by an imperial patent signed by the
Emperor and his Ministers, making known to the
subjects of the Austrian empire "that at desire to
strengthen the moral foundations or social order,
and' to further the happiness of the nation," has
induced the Government to conclude a "Compre-
hensive Convention," which is henceforward to have
full legal fcrce throughout the empire. The con-
vention itself comprises thirty-six articles in all.
The Roman Catholic religion, with all its rights and
privileges, is first declared pre-eminent, and hence-
forth ever to be maintained intact throughout the em-
pire, while by Art. 10 no attack either by word, deed,
or writing against the Church is to be allowed :
Art. 16. His Majesty the Emperor will net allow (non
patietur) the Catholic Church and its faith, its liturgy, and
its institutions, to be contemned by word, deed, or writing,
or its dignitaries or ministers impeded in the practice of
their duties, particularly when it is the question of the
maintenance of the faith, of the laws of morality, or of the
discipline of the Church.
By the 2nd and 14th Articles of the Convention,
the clergy are rendered in all respects independent
of the civil authority :
Art. 2. As the Roman Pope has, by Divine law, the
primacy of honour and jurisdiction throughout the whole
pale of the Church, the direct communication between the
bishops, the clergy, the people, and the Papal chair, in all
spiritual and clerical matters, is a necessity. This com-
munication has nut, therefore, in future to depend on the
ruler of the country, but is to be completely free.

The 14th Article, while admitting that priests who
have committed offences against the criminal lay
may be brought before a tempozal tribunal, claims a
right for the bishop of the diocese to be immediately
informed of the fact and charges, and continues :
Art. 14. If the sentence passed on a priest is that of
death or of imprisonment for more than five years, the
proceedings are always to be made known to the bishop, in
order that he may be able to examine the criminal and
know what clerical punishment to inflict on him. If the
sentence is less heavy the same proceedings must be ob-
served should the bishop require it. Priests will always be
imprisoned in places where they are separated from civil
delinquents. In case a priest is sentenced to impribon-
ment for a crime or miedenieanour (ex delielo ref (mum
gressione), he will be confined in a monastery or other
ecclesiastical building.
By Articles 5 and 6 the whole system of education
is left entirely in the hands of the Church :

Art. 5. The bishops, in virtue of their pastoral office,
will superintend the religious education of young people
in all publics and private schools, and will take the greatest
care that in no object of study anything shall occur which
is incompatible with the Homan Catholic faith and strict
morality.
Art. 6. No one can teach sacred theology (merlins
lheologiani), catechism, or the doctrines of the Church, in
any public or private institution, if be has not received
from the bishop of the diocese the necessary permission,
which permission can be recalled if it should be considered

necessary.
Art. M. All teachers appointed for public schools in-
tended for Catholics will be under clerical superin-
tendence.

While by Article 9, the clergy have the absolute
control over all books dangerous, in the Church's
opinion, to "morality, religion, and true believers."
With regard to questions concerning clerical duties,
marriage, and betrothments, the ecclesiastical
courts are to decide according to the ordinances of
the Council of Trent. The great question of Church
property is handed over to the entire control of the
Pope ; indemnification is to be given in lieu of tithes
now not raised in certain parts of the empire ; while
by Art. 20, any property now held, or in future ac-
quired by the Church, is to be considered inviolable :
Art. 29. Tho Church will he entitled to acquire new pos-
sessions in every legal wiy, and the property which it now
possesses or may in future acquire will be inviolable.
Neither older nor more recent clerical foundations can be
done away with or united without the consent of the Papal
chair, but this without prejudice to the powers granted to
the bishops by the holy Council of Trent.
Such are the leading features of this Concordat, by
which the rule of the Roman Catholic Church in
Aiihtria is rendered supreme, the obsolete pri-
vileges of its clergy revived, and every other ordi-
nance, treaty, or agreement, abrogated in favour of
this great Convention.

ie
Vrcron Woo is about to retire to Spain. Tt
said that the illtistrioug author has taken a tun se in
Madrid, and that his works are already being trans-
lated into Spanish.
M. PAILLFTT, the eminent French barrister, who,
defended Madame lAtfarge, fell gormless while
pleading in the Tint Chamber of the Civil Tribunal
of the Seine, at Pan', on the 10th inst., and died
sherd' afterwards.

1118

THE AUSTRIANS IN THE PRINCIPALITIES.
Ax English traveller, writing to the Times from
Bucharest, gives the following account of the arrest
by the Austrians of Colonel Turr, while employed on
British service, and wearing ithe British uniform.
The " English Traveller " ,states that the circum-
stances came under his immediate observation :
A Hungarian, named Turr, received a commission some
time ago in the Land Transport Corps, British service,
and was charged by the director-general of that service in
:he Crimea to proceed into Wallachia on special duty—
viz., to purchase horses and carriages for the use of the
corps to which he was attached. For some mouths he had
been employed on this duty, his head quarters being at
Rustchuk, on the Bulgarian side of the Danube, where he
wrs known to Major Plowden, of the Anglo-Turkish Con-
tingent, who is stationed there on important service—viz.,
the transport of cavalry horses purchased in Hungary for
the contingent to Baltschik for shipment to the Crimea.
About a fortnight ago Colonel Turr visited this town
(Bucharest), showei his instructions and credentials to
Mr. Colquhoun, her Majesty's agent at Bucharest, and en-
tered into contracts for the purchase of carriages, &c. He
then returned to his post at Rustchuk, in order to carry on
his duty of despatching horses to the Crimea, via Silistria.
In the performance of this duty he has been constantly in
the habit of coming to Giurgevo, on the Wallachian side,
opposite Rustchuk. On the evening of the 31st ultimo
he again arrived here, in order to receive his carriages,
and was unfortunately recognised by two Austrian
officers the following morning as he was riding past
Count Coronini's residence. These officers, it appears,
gave information immediately against him as a deserter
from the Austrian army in 1849. and at 2 p.m. Nov. 1 he
was arrested in his room at this hotel by order of Count
Coronini.
For the purpose of patting him off his guard an
officer visited him beforehand in his apartment, and began
conversing with him en ancien camarade, he suspecting no
danger, and relying, no doubt, on the English uniform as
ample protection. But, if so, he leaned upon a broken
reed; for a strong guard, consisting of three officers and
sixteen men, with fixed bayonets, was marched down to the
hotel. The main body halted in the gateway, and, the
officer making a sign to two men, they immediately entered
Colonel Turr's room, and the officer who had previously
been conversing with him in the most friendly manner an-
nounced to him that he was arrested as a deserter! He
was ordered to strip off his British cavalry frock ; this he
refused ; it was torn from his back, and an Austrian capote
thrust on him ; and, in place of his gold-laced cap, they
put on his head, in derision, a light-blue cap, such as is
worn by the common soldiers in the Hungarian regiments,
telling him, " It was fit he should wear the same clothes
as those in which he had deserted." He was then
motioned into a carriage, and, being surrounded by
bayonets, reluctantly obeyed ; the officer in command
taking the scat at his side, and a soldier mounting the
box, the carriage proceeded at a slow pace under the
escort of the guard to the prison, where he is now lying.
Of this arrest I was an eye-witness. On the arrest
being notified to Mr. Colquhoun, he lost no time in pro-
ceeding to Count Coronini's residence, and, in a tone be-
coming his position, demanded the liberation of the pri-
soner, he being actually in the British service, wearing its
uniform, on Turkish territory, and intrusted with a special
commission on behalf of the British army in the Crimea.
But every cock crows loudly on its own dunghill, and the
count, relying on his bayonets, forgot the respect due to
the Queen's representative, and lost for a moment his
habitual calmness, or, in undiplomatic language, put him-
self into a towering rage, exclaiming, " I know no Colonel
Turr, but one Turr a deserter, whose name was posted
upon the public gibbet at Funfkirchen for five weeks.
Savez-vous, Monsieur, pie j'ai le pouvoir de le pendre ?"
" Sur votre responsabiliti, votre Excellence," replied Mr.
Colquhoun. "Un deserteur," shouted the count, ".je
l'arrete partout ou je le trouve, et si mon gouvernement
m'ordonne a le rendre je casserai mon epée." He then
moderated his tone a little, and exhibited some approach
towards politeness, refusing, however, to liberate the pri-
soner, and only consenting to delay further measures until
the receipt of instructions from Vienna.
Our consul lost no time in renewing his demand formally
in writing, but, up to the time at which I write, Count
Coronini has vouchsafed no reply.
Hotel de Londres, Bucharest, Nov. 3.

THE. SLAVE TRADE, accounts from Cuba say, has of
late greatly increased between that island and Vie
African coast, notwithstanding the efforts of the
Governor-General to suppress it.
- -

SIR ROBERT PEEL has delivered a lecture at the
Leamington Athenreum, with the curious title of,
" An evening with the poets, with recitals of beautiful
and powerful passages ; or a trip through Europe to
the seat of war; with a pocket edition of Shakspeare
and the poets." The only part of this curious com-
position worth notice was the lecturer's answer to
the question " What are we fighting fur? "

God forbid that we should fight to uphold Maho-
medanism ; we were not contending for that decayed
power, but to put a barrier against the aggressions of
Russia, and at the same time defending ourselves against
the consequences which would result if Russia were
allowed to carry out herl designs. They were also fighting
t avenge the crimes and hypocrisy of the last fifty years.
They wanted to make Russia feel the retribution which
those crimes had entailed upon ber. They also fought to
avenge the crimes of the Empress Catherine, who mur•
dered the Khan of the Crimea, where we are now fighting,
and who thought she was going uninterruptedly along the
toad to Constantinople.

THE PRESS.

Court ad las4ion.

The Queen 'held a Court and Privy Council on
Wednesday afternoon at Windsor Castle The Privy
Council was attended by Prince Albert, Earl Gran-
ville, the Duke of Argyll, Viscount Palmerston, Sir
George Grey, Lord Panmure, Sir Charles Wood, the
Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Viscount Canting,
Earl Spencer, Lord Steward, and Lord Ernest Bruce,
Vice Chamberlain (officiating for the Lord Chamber.
lain). At the Council the Right Hon. Henry
Labouchere was sworn in a Secretary of State
(Colonial Department), received the seals of office
from the Queen, and kissed hands on his appoint-
ment. Sir Hamilton Seymour, G.C.8., was, by
command of the Queen, sworn one of her Majesty's
Most Honourable Privy Council, and took his place
at the board.

Wednesday being the fifteenth anniversary of the
birth of the Princess Royal, the usual salutes were
fired from the Castle guns. In the evening a dra-
matic performance took place at the Castle before
the Queen and a distinguished company. Sheridan's
Rivals was selected for the occasion. _

His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by
Viscount Torrington, Major-General the Hon.
Charles Grey, and Captain Du Plat, left Windsor on
Thursday morning, by a special train of the Great
Western Railway, for Birmingham.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge
arrived at Dover yesterday morning from Calais,
landed under a royal salute from the heights, and
proceeded to London direct.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge,
accompanied by the Princess Mary, paid a visit to
the University of Cambridge on Wednesday last.
Their Royal Highnesses are at present the guests of
the Right Hon. the Earl of Hardwicke, at Wimpole,
where a distinguished party, including the Earl of
Cardigan, Lord Stanley, M.P., dm., have been invited
to meet their Royal Highnesses.
Major-General Sir Colin Campbell arrived on
Wednesday on a visit to the Queen.
The Right Hon. B. Disraeli, M.P., and Mrs.
Disraeli have left Hughenden Manor on a visit to
the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, at Hat-
field.
The Duchess of Grafton and the Earl of Euston
have left town for Wakefield-lodge, near Stoney
Stratford. Lady Mary Phipps has gone to Windsor.
The Duke of Grafton comes to town this day, from
Euston-hall.

Sir John Jervis, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas, has been so seriously indisposed
during the week as to prevent his attention to his

judicial duties.

Preparations are being made at Windsor on an
extensive scale for the reception of the King of Sar-
dinia.

PRINCE ALBERT AT BIRMINGHAM.

His Royal Highness Prince Albert visited Birming-
ham on Thursday, for the purpose of lading the first
stone of the Midland Institute. A congratulatory
address from the Burgesses of Birmingham was first
read by the Recorder, and briefly acknowledged by
the Prince, after which a procession was formed, and
the cortege started in the most unpropitious weather
for the site of the Institute. Previous to the cere-
mony of laying the stone an address was read by
Lord Calthorpe, explaining the objects and aim of
the Institute, to which the Prince replied, expressing
his gratification at hearing that the Great Exhibi-
tion of 1851 was considered " a stimulus for exciting
the desire for scientific and practical knowledge, and
teaching the value and dignity of human labour."
The usual ceremonies were then performed, and the
Prince returned to the Town-hall, where a luncheon
had been prepared. Lord Calthorpe occupied the
chair, having Prince Albert, the Mayor, Lord Lyttle-
ton, Sir Harry Smith, dm., on his right; and the
High Sheriff, Sir John Pakington, the Bishop of
Manchester, dm., on the left. The toasts of the
Queen, of Prince Albert, and the Royal Family, having
been drunk, Prince Albert rose, and, acknowledging
the cordial reception he had met with, proceeded to
discuss the relative effect of science and art upon
industry and human progress :
Look at the transformation which has gone on around
us since the laws of gravitation, electricity, magnetism,
and the expansive power of heat, have become known to
us. (Cheers.) It has altered our whole state of exist-
ence—one might say, the whole face of the globe 1 We
owe this to science, and science alone ; and she has other
treasures in store for us if we will but call her to our
assistance. (Cheers.) It is sometimes objected by the
ignorant that science is uncertain and changeable ; and
they point to the many exploded theories which have been
superseded by others as a proof that the present knowledge
may be also unsound, and, after all, not worth having.
Ilut they are not aware that while they think to cast blame
upon science, they bestow, in fact, the highest praise upon
her. For that is precisely the difference between science
and prejudice ; that the latter keeps stubbornly to its posi-
tion, whether disapproved or not, while the former is an
unarrestable movement towards the fountain of truth,
caring little for cherished authorities or sentiments, but

SATURDAY,

progressing—feeling no false shame at he
ga,ut, on the contrary, the highest pleasure
shortcomings,
when freed from an error, at having advanced another'
step towards the attainment of. Divine truth—a pleasure
not even intelligible to the pride of ignorance. We also
hear, nt,t nnfrequently, science and practice, scientific
knowledge and common sense, contrasted as antagonistic.
A strange error! For science is eminently practical, and
must be so, as she sees and knows what she is doing ;
while mere common practice is condemned to work in
the dark, applying natural ingenuity to unknown powers to
obtain a known result. Far be it from me to undervalue
the creative power of genius, or to treat shrewd common
sense as worthless without knowledge. But nobody will
tell me that the same genius would not take an incom-
parably higher flight if supplied with all the means which
knowledge can impart ; or that common sense does not
become, in fact, only truly powerful when in possession of
the materials upon which judgment is to be exercised.

In conclusion, his Royal Highness alluded briefly to
the system of education intended to be pursued at
the Institution :

While of the laws just mentioned some have been recog-
nised as essentials of education iu different institutions,
and some will, in the course of time, more fully assert
their right to recognition, the laws regulating matter and
form are those which will constitute the chief object of
your pursuits, and as the principle of subdivision of labour
is the one most congenial to our age, I would advise you to
keep to this speciality, and to follow with undivided atten-
tion chiefly the sciences of mechanics, physics, and ch -
mistry, and the fine arts in painting, sculpture, and archi-
tecture. You will thus have conferred an inestimable
boon upon your country, and in a short time have the
satisfaction of witnessing the beneficial results upon our
national powers of production. Other parts of the coup.
try will, I doubt not, emulate your example ; and I live in
hopes that all these institutions will some day find a
central point of union, and thus complete their national
organisation. (Loud cheers).

The usual toasts of the army and navy were re-
sponded to by Sir Harry Smith and Sir Robert
Peel respectively, while the toast of " Success to the
Institute," proposed by Lord Ashburton in a lengthy
speech, was briefly responded to by Captain Tindal,
R.N., when the Prince shortly left the hall and
returned direct to Windsor.

THE EARL OF HARDWICKE ON THE
POLICY OF THE WAR.
AT a meeting of agriculturists at Ely for local pur-
poses, the Earl of Hardwicke, who presided, in re-
turning thanks for the navy, defended our naval
commanders from the censures passed upon them,
and insisted that they ought net to he blamed with-
out full knowledge of all the circumstances :
No naval officer could be fairly vituperated or noticed
by the public for not doing his duty unless the public were
made perfectly aware of the orders he received 3f his
Government. His (Lord Hardwicke's) opinion was that
wherever the public had supposed a fault to be committed
the officers of the fleet had acted strictly under the in-
structions of the Government. They had been told to
refrain, or attack, or conduct operations in any way that
the Government in England thought fit ; there had been
no discretion whatever in the matter.
He eulogised the operations in the Black Sea, and
then gave reasons why the fortresses in the Baltic
could not be attacked with advantage without the
co operation of a powerful land force
Any attempt, of whatever description, at close action
with land batteries, was always an affair which, if it was to
be done successfully, must be done by an army accom•
panying ; and simply for this reason, that the ship being a
moveable body and the fortress a fixed body, whenever the
ship went away she was called beaten ; and although she
might destroy a town by her fire, yet tl•e ship, having
expended her ammunition and exhausted her resources,
must retire, leaving the fortress standing where it was.
Such success was in his opinion of very small importance,
for the fortress could be reconstructed and resupplied ;
after all, it would appear as though we had fought very
much for fighting's sake without gaining that which would
very materially bring about any great or important results
in the war. With an army possession might be taken of
the place attacked, and then he admitted it became an
achievement which might be called finished and complete,
and the success was such as warranted an attack. He
had a great objection to attacks made upon fortified
places by shipping unless it was done with the full inten-
tion of carrying it out to the seizure and possession of the
place ; because he thought anything else materially in-
jured our prestige, and one of the first things done was to
point out to the enemy all his weak places, and, as soon
as the fleet retired, he, from his practicable experience,
strengthened every point of his position and called upon
them to attack him again.
At a later period of the evening his lordship ex-
pressed his opinion on what he termed the great
question of the war :
Without going into details or entering into any contro•
versial subject, he would say, for God's sake let us adhere,
and adhere strictly, to the purposes and intents for which
that war was undertaken ; and don't let us be drawn aside
by anything from keeping that great object in view and
adhering to it. Let not those opinions be entertained
which led the public to think we had undertaken a war for
the overthrow of a nation, or for the setting up a demo•
cratic Government in lieu of a despotic one, or for the
purpose of liberating oppressed nationalities, or for the
purpose of drawing round us alliances that might open
new sources of attack and defence whish did not enter into

NOVEMBER 24,1855.

the question at the present time. The war was under-
taken—a statesman's war as it had been called, and truly—
to settle a great political question—for the purpose of
defending the Turkish empire and putting Turkey within
the pale of European alliance; and for God's sake let us
not lose sight of that object. When we could make a
peace, having attained those objects perfectly, let us do it
as soon as we could, for if we did not we should enter, in
his opinion, on a series of events, and be drawn into a
vortex of political discussions tending to aggravate and vex
and increase the circumstances of war, to which we should
see no end.

He insisted that the Turks had shown themselves
equal to the defence of their territory, and that only
one thing was now wanting to peace—that Russia
should speak the first word. If be stood alone he
would yet express his conviction, that to continue the
war after the objects for which it was undertaken
were attained, would be fatal not only to the cha-
racter, but to the best interests of the nation.