The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1881-07-23 00:00:00

EXPULSION OF DON CARLOS FROM

FRANCE.

On Sunday morning the Paris police informed Don
Carlos, at his Paris residence, that the Minister of the
Interior had decided on his expulsion from French
territory within twenty-four hours after notice. This
step is t.:aid to have been occasioned by the ostentatious
manner in which Don Carlos has ahhil himself with
the partisans of the Comte de Chambord. On Fliday
in last week lm attended a mass at the Church of St.
Germain des Pr& on the occasion of the fete of St
Henri, the Comte de Chambord's patron saint.

Don Carlos started on Monday night for London.
Pc-fore leaving he sent the following protest to his
friends :

A :11inister, thinking that a Bourbon, a descenalnt of
Hoiri IV. and of Louis XIV., can be a foreigner in Franco,
withdraws from hie French hospitality. The motive of this
measure can only be my presence at a religious ceremony—at
the mass celebrated for my uncle on Sr. Henry's Day. I
protest against this thoroughly arbitrary act. At the pre-
sent moment Spaniards, who had corns, confiding in the
protection of France, to make fruitful by their labour the
soil of Algeria, are suffering undefended and intolerable
treatimlit. Spain is mourning for her massacred sons, her
dati,liters disle.nourcd and carried off to the desert. True,
France is not responsible for the acts of her Government.
She is the cradle of my family, and I love her dearly. I re-
member all the kindness which has lessened for me the
bitterness of exile. Leaving French soil, I address to my
friends my thanks and farewell."

rho Figaro states that a semi-official intimation of his
coming expulsion was given to Don Carlos 43 hours before the
official notice was served on him.

Two hundred and sixty-one thousand emigrants
have arrived in New York this year.

INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL AND
SANITARY EXHIBITION.

In anticipation of the visit of 500 or 600 medical men
from all parts of Europe for the holding of an Inter-
national Medical Congress in London early next
month, the Executive Committee of the Parkes
Museum of Hygiene, with the help of a sub-committee,
have organized in the arcades of the Albert-hall a most
interesting exhibition of medical and sanitary appli-
ances, which was thrown open to the public on Saturday
afternoon. Over 450 sanitary engineering firms and
manufacturers of surgical instruments and apparatus
contribute specimens of their work, so that we have
here all or nearly all the most recent mechanical inven-
tions in medical aad sanitary science. Some idea of
the scope of the exhibition r_ay be gathered from an
enumeration of the different sections composing it.
These are as follows :—Surgical instruments and appara-
tus ; appliances of the ward and sick room; electrical
instruments and appliances; miscroscopes and optical
apparatus; apparatus of other kinds used in the in-
vestigations of disease; appliances used in teaching
medicine ; domestic and hospital architecture; venti-
lation, lighting, and warming; sewerage and drain-
age ; water supply and fi:tration ; appliances used for
the treatment of the sick and wounded during war ;
street ambulances, &c. ; drugs, disinfectants, medical
dietetic articles, and mineral waters; applications of
hygienic principles to food and dietaries, clothing,
&c. ; school furniture ; and miscellaneous articles for
promotion or maintenance of proper sanitary condi-
tions.

The ceremony of declarinz the exhibition open was
performed by Earl Spencer on Saturday afternoon in
the auditorium of the Albert-hall, in the presence of
Earl Granville, Sir James Paget, Dr. Earnest Hart,
and many other gentlemen well known in the medical
and scientific world, and about 2,000 people. In open-
ing the proceedings,

Earl Spencer said the exhibiton presented a view of
the various improvements in medical and sanitary
science by means of which, during the past ten years,
something like 300,000 lives had been saved, which,
judging from the death-rate of the previous decade,
would, in the natural course of things, have been lost
in this country.

Earl Granville observed that hygiene, according to
the definition of Dr. Parkes himself, was the art of
preserving health—that was to say, of giving the
most complete action to the mind and body for as
long a period as was consistent with the laws of life.
They all, sometimes voluntarily and sometimes in-
voluntarily, thought and talked of health ; and when-
ever a man was so rash as to admit in company that
he had some indisposition, he found that the
majority of that company insisted upon prescribing
for his diet, his regimen, and especially upon adminis-
tering to him their favourite pills. (Laughter.) He
remembered himself some years ago having a severe
attack of gout at home. He was immediately inun-
dated with prescriptions not onry in British and
Italian, but in -French and German, and even in Rus-
sian. The Cardinal Secretary of State was good
enough to give him some advice based upon his own
experience; a Northern foreign Minister gave him
exactly the opposite advice, and such was the happy
result of this combination that he could not get well
till he had left the glorious old city for good. Last
Easter the daily newspapers announced—it was a
subject very unworthy of attention—that he had a
serious attack of gout. Luckily for him the report
was entirely without foundation, but he was most
deeply touched by receiving weekly, and even daily
and hourly, letters of advice on that most interest-
ing topic. He had been advised to drink whisky,
he had been advised to drink claret, he had been
advised to adhere to the most rigid teetotalism,
(Laughter.) He had been advised to live generously,
and he had been advised to almost starve himself—
(lauehser)—and one gentleman who he had no reason
to suppoee was a dentist advised him to obtain a com-
plete set of artificial back teeth, (Laughter.) The
moral he gathered from this was that, in maintaining
the health of an individual, study alone or experience
alone was not sufficient. They must have science,
art, and experience combined. If that was true as
regal ded the maintenance of health of individuals,
how much more did it apply to the health of great com-
munities! The population of this great metropolis,
as we know from the late census, approached to the
enormous number of 4,000,000. They all remembered
Archbishop Whatley's observations, so often repro-
duced in elementary works on Political Economy, on
the problem of affordinz daily food to such masses of
men, women, and children congregated together:
how impossible it would be to accomplish this by the
action of a central government with efficiency and
without fearful waste: how smoothly and accurately
this was done by the working of the self-interest of
individuals. But there were things, such as a
supply of water— as necessary as air and food
to a large and crowded community—necessary
for drink, necessary for cleanliness, necessary
against fire. That supply could not be ar-
range by the efforts of private individuals.
If it was to be provided, either by the Im-
perial or by local Governments, it ought to be on the
best possible principles both as regarded the supply
and' as regarded ta.eing it away in its polluted, but
fertilizing state. The question was full of difficulties.
It was most important that both administrators and
the public should be well informed on it. The sort
of knowledge which could be. furnished by the
Parkes Museum and the library oj sanitary literature
attached to it was of great importance. Knowledge
of this sort ought not to be confined to specialists,
but should be disseminated widely in order to create
a healthy public opinion. Her Mejesty's Govern-
ment, he might say, were fully alive to the importance
of these sanitary requirements. They all knew why
legislation had been s) barren this year. Bet there
was one measure regarding the flooding of rivers, a
measure which not only affected agricultural pro-
sperity, but also questions of vital importance as to
the health of villages and of towns, which they still
hoped might pass. It was a itioA foi.tutiate and
not altogether unintentional coincidence that the
occasion of that exhibition should occur at a time
when- this country was about to be honoured by a
visit of some 600 of the most distinguished medical
men of the world. He hoped that while they
would show in that museum both that which they
considered good and that which they believed .to
be bad, they would profit by the intelligent criticism
of so many distinguished and ecientific foreigners
accustomed to see things from different points of
view. The path of sanitary reform was not always
smooth, the subjects were not always agreeable in
their details ; obstacles owing to self-interest fre-
quently arose, as veteran reformers like Mr. Chadwick
could easily relate ; but it would, no doubt, be an
ample reward to those friends and fellow-labourers of
Dr. Parkes who determined to create an appropriate
memorial in order to commemorate his connexion with
University College, his self-sacrificing devotion to
sanitary science since the days of the Crimea and
during his career at Netley, as well as their loving
affection for his memory, to reflect how much they
were doing for the dissemination of the laws of health,
taid the consequent benefit, not only to the bodies,
but to the minds and characters of their fellow-crea-
tures all over the world. (Cheers.)

Sir James Paget regarded the exhibition as one of
which this country might well be proud. The distin-
guished foreigners whose visit they were expecting
would come not only to criticise and advise, but
also, he ventured to say, to learn ; for sanitary
science had been cultivated in this country with an
intelligence and an industry unmatched elsewhere.
The vast amount of knowledge accumulated by the
Local Government Board and its inspectors was
evidenced not only by what they had done' but
by their acute perception of what still remained to be
done ; and it was important that the public mind
should be so educated as to appreciate and to second
their efforts, instead of, as alit:ost always happened,
in the first instance, at least, opposing' them, in this
respect the Exhibition would be of great public ser-
vies. He, for his part, could be no great judge of its
excellence so far as sanitary appliances were
concerned. His life had been spent in trying, often
unhappily in vain, to mitigate the miseries that
arose from the want of prevention of disease. Of the
means of prevention itself he had had no oportu-
nity of judging, and to him and his profession
generally this exhibition, therefore, would
afford abundant opportunity for education. There
was nothing which cleared the mind and increased the
courage of Dthe surgeon more than to feel that all
the apparatus about him was in its way perfect, and
that he need not fear the infection of the hospital,
the foulness of the drains or the unhealthiness of the
neighbourhood. With the development of the great
art of nursing and the perfection of the sanitary
conditions of great hospitals the surgeon did his work
under better conditions than he could find in the
fresh, open air of any part of the world. Another
advantage of the exhibition was that it would lead
to mutual criticism. Every exiiibit,,r would criticise
the work of his rival, and, if possible, profit by it.
Above all, it would tend to impress upon the public
mind the great truth that health and wealth were
synonymous terms. He wished he could bring home
to the public how completely their material welfare
depended upon sanitary conditions. The wealth of
this country lay Lot only in its material resources
but iu the powerful will, the earnest power, and the
strong limbs of its people. All these things were de-
pendent upon health, without which this country
would be hard pressed by otherand, perhaps, healthier
countries. The man who did not study his own health
therefore, was guilty of the basest want of patriotism.
(Cheers.) One unhealthy court or alley jeopardized
the health of a whole district, for disease always had a
tendency to spread, and spread often with more viru-
lence in placs where the people had almost trained
themselves into immunity from it. On all these
grounds he wished the most complete success to the
exhibition. (Cheers.)
Earl Spencer then formally declared the Exhibition
open ; and a vote of thanks to the noble lord for pre-
siding, on the motion of Mr. G. Godwin, seconded by
Mr. John Eric Erichsen, brought the proceedings to
a close.