The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-11-15 00:00:00

if he does not dare to point out by name the Powers
whom he stigmatises with §o much vehemence." _ _ _

Austria continues to be threatened with -considerable
opposition to its schemes for the settlement of the de-
mands made upon the Goternnient for constitutional
reforms The Mirgyar Sajto, a Hungarian journal of
Conservative principles pliblishes letters which affirm
that the German (Mistrial') functionaries of the
comitats, which during the last ten years have been
designated under the name of VOivodina declare that
they will employ all means to prevent their re-annexa-
tion to Hungary, and that they are sending agents into
the Servian villages to tell the peasants that, if they
demand re-incorporation to
,Hungary, they will be sub-
jected to statute-labour, and must pay ,the land
tax instead of the nobles—a thing which is done
in Gallicia under the Austrians, but *hich never etisted
in Hungary under the national government. To cause
this proteeding of the Austrian agents to be understood,
it 'nay be well to give some explanations respecting the
Servians. This people, at the end of the 17th and the
beginning of the 18th centuries, sought refuge in Hun-
garian territory, and Leopold I. guaranteed them the
possession of their nationality, and the free exercise of
their religion. They were organised militarily, and
certain military privileges were accorded them, the prin-
cipal being to pillage the Turks. But the Hungarian
Diets in 1791 put an end to this state of things in
all the districts occupied by theta, iVith the exception of
a narrow strip of land on the frontier, and the Servians
consequently became like nay other citizens of the coun-
try : they *ere no longer regarded as foreigners, though
their religion and nationality were maintained. And
yet the Austrian Government is now endeavouring by
false representations to induce them to break off with
Hungary. The people on the Coast, and especially at
Fiume, are demanding on their part to be re-annexed to
Mingary, because they know that under her constitution
they will enjoy self-government, and that their nationality
as Italians will be respected. The people of Trieste, on
the contrary, who are also Italians, want to be annexed
to Italy. .
The Gatetta di Turino forms a high opinion of the
services of Sir James Hudson, her Majesty's Minister at
Turin. It speaks of him as the best friend Italy has
had amongst European diplomatists. "We owe it to
his Excellency," says the Gazette, "that many pre-
judices, many erroneous appreciations, have been exposed
and reduced to their real value in the Cabinet of St.
James's ; and thus truth has triumphed over the calum-
nies of our enemies."

A Stockholm journal quotes, as a curious specimen of
the manner in which the press is treated in Russia, the
following circular of Count Berg, Russian governor of
Finland, to his subdrdinates :—" Helsinfors, August 28..
Since the commencement of the troubles which are now,
agitating Italy the journals published in the Finn'
language have given copious details of them. But as I
am of opinion that the people of Finland cannot derive
much advantage from the knowledge of events of this
kind, and that the editors of the Finn journals would do
well to fill their columns with more instructive articles,
I beg of you to direct the censors only to allow to be
published on the Italian question, in newspapers
destined for the people, opinions in accord with the
principles of order and morality, and with the sentiment
of duty of an obedient people."
It will be seen that the absorbing topic of China, and
the present state of affairs in that country—so far as
the operations of the allied forces and the proceedings
of the ambassadors are concerned—are made the subject
of a separate article.
The charge against Robert Ernest Graham, clerk to
Mr. Nathan, wholesale watch manufacture'r, of fraudu-
lently obtaining watches and jewellery to the amount of
£2,000, was again gone into at the Guildhall, London,
before Sir R. W. Carden, on Tuesday last. According
to the evidence of witnesses, the prisoner appears to
have carried on quite a wholesale business on his, own
account, and in a manner which displayed an amount of
cool hardihood rarely met with in the annals of roguery.
It is satisfactory to state that from the exertions of
those in charge of this remarkable case a portion of the
property worth nearly £l,OOO has been recovered.
The Dublin ptpers teem with letters denouncing the
inefficiency of the means possessed by Dublin for extin-
guishing fires, and the want of anything like organisa-
tion that exists at such catastrophes. It seems incre-
dible, but it is nevertheless true, that there is not a
single fire-escape in the city, although nearly every
recent fire has paintully illustrated the culpability of
the authorities in not providing them.
There is now to be seen in the hall of the Central
Telegraph Station, in Threadneedle-street, a specimen
of one of the first cables that was laid down for sub-
marine communication. The specimen is from the
Submarine Telegraph Company's cable that was laid
down 'between. Dover and Calais in September,, 1851,
and was cut out in August, 1859. With the exception
of the outer wire having become somewhat rusty, the
specimen is as good as when first laid down, and is a
satisfactory proof to the company of the durability of
this description of cable. Since the first Dover and
Calais cable was laid down the company have laid some-
what similar cables to Boulogne, Ostend, Emden, and
Tonning, containing from three to six inner conducting
wires each, besides a smaller cable between Jersey and
Coutances—representing a total Or :21 wires for tele-
graphic communication between this country and the
Continent vies France, Belgium, Hanover, and Denmark.
The veteran Lord Dundonald was, yesterday, com-
mitted to the tomb in our English Walhalla, where

" Sieep the brave who sink to rest.
13y all their country's wishes blest."

THE WAR IN CHINA.

IT seems likely that the allied forces of England
of Pekin—the
payndthtehecistiyte of its imperial
andgrea
teapi Franceta l nowof
China,occu
palaces ; and it is considered not improbable that
the army may continue to hold its head-quarters
there throughout the winter. The information
we possess of the topography of the interior of
China is vague, and in some respects unreliable.
It is estimated, however, that Pekin has a popu-
lation equal to, if not greater, than that of the
city of London. Exclusive of its suburbs, Pekin
is nearly fourteen miles in circumference. The city
wall is twenty-eight feet high,, twenty-four thick
at the base, and twelve at the top ; and there are
spacious towers at seventy feet distance from each
other. The gates are high and well arched, sup-
porting nine buildings of nine storeys high, the
lowest of which is for military purposes. Within
this general enclosure is another enclosed space
called the Tartar or Imperial City, in which are
contained the imperial palace and gardens, the
public' offices, and 'the official residences. These
are surrounded by a wall of large red polished bricks,
twenty feet high. It is very probable, that ere
this time, these bricks may have been still further
polished off" by the application of Armstrong
ahot and shells In this city we are told there are
two Straight streetsi each four miles long by 120
feet in width, which daily teem with a throng
which is remarkable from the fact of the entire
absence of women. All the streets are guirded
by soldiers, who patrol them night and day under
arms. The entrance of each street has a lattice
gate, which is shut at night and guarded by sol-
diers. An attack upon such a place, if seriously
defended, must have been attended by great
slaughter. It is to be hoped, however, that the
terrible fright the Tartars have already received
from their experience of the effects of our Arm-
strong. batteries at the Taku forts, may have
cowed them into submission. The city is capable
of affording excellent accommodation to our
troops, and provisions cif all kinds are exceed-
ingly plentiful. Upon the whole, therefore, we
may congratulate the British and French com-
manders on the comfortable prospects before them
for the winter.

The prospects of a satisfactory settlement of
difficulties and of the adjustment of suitable terms
of peace may not be so clear. The great obstacles
consist of the ignorance of the Chinese as to our
power and determination to persevere in the war,
and their insincerity and duplicity in negotiating
with our representatives. If Kweiliang, Hang-
fuh, and Hangki have got what in Europe is com-
monly called a conscience, it must be one of the
most convenient and pliant nature. A system of
Chinese Ethics published by these great manda-
rins of the north, if translated into French and
English, and appropriately dedicated to Louis
NAPOLEON and Lord JOHN RUSSELL, would be a
startling psychological novelty, and might com-
mand a great sale. We shall not say how far its
perusal and study would tend to elevate the
morality and truthfulness of the nations. The
falsehood and treachery of the Chinese are pro-
verbial, but the latest illustration of this truth,
perhaps exceeds all others. The following is the
narrative of the state of affairs as given by the
Times' correspondent, writing from within forty-
five miles of the walls of Pekin :
When Lord Elgin and Baron Gros arrived at Tien-
tsin, they were informed that Kweiliang, Secretary of
State, who negotiated the treaty of 1858,
was appointed
Imperial Commissioner, and coming down from Pekin
with the fullest powers to treat. He was to arrive on
the 31st. Lord Elgin ther9apon wrot.Q th4t Engl4nd