The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1861-01-24 00:00:00

It; based its hopes of the realisation of this
desirable consummation chiefly on the choice
made by the President elect of his advisers; and
stated that " extraordinary and even incredible
as it may appear to Many of our intelligent
readers,4; it was to be inferred front the two well
authenticated appointments of Mr. SEWARD and
of General CAMERON, that the door was open to a
treaty of peace. It was thought that although the
republican party in Congress, and its leaders and
public journals in the States, with one exception
have manifested no disposition to yield an inch
of ground on the slavery issue, even to preserve
the Union, that that party only was waiting for
a sign from Springfield, while Mr. LINCOLN had
been taking the soundings of his friends, and as
this gentleman had, after carefully considering
his ground, appointed Mr. SEWARD his Secretary
of State, that appointment, under the circum-
stances controlling it, taken in connection with
the appointment of Mr. CAMERON, was equivalent
almost to the proclamation of a compromise from
the ?resident elect and the republican party to
the American people,
Mr. SEWARD was to be the " Sir Rensißitt PEEL'
of this compromise. He not only " understands
the cards of the politician, but the necessities of
the statesman, as is proved from his late Astor
House speech; which, while no doubt carefully
studied; though apparently impromptu, shows him
to be clearly and broadly in favour of a compro-
mise with the South." As to General CASIERON,
he was described as universally known as a Repub-
lican 'Conservative; entirely untrammelled by
party principles or platforms, when great expe-
diences of government policy are at stake ; and it
was observed that no Cabinet selections could be
made within the lines of the Republican camp
better calculated to assure the South of the Con-
servative leanings of Mr. LINCOLN than his
selection of the latter gentleman. Hence, there-
fore, under the guidance of a Cabinet so inspired
and advised, the conciliation of the South was to be
confidently calculated on through the action of
the Republican party in Congress, in advance of
Mr. LINCOLN'S arrangement.
A long string of reasons were given by the
Herald why the Republican party in Congress
should have no hesitation in agreeing to such a
compromise, more especially as it was fully expected
that, in the absence of the adoption of the policy
of conciliation recommended, the revolutionary
action of South Carolina would, before the
4th of March, be followed by the whole of the
remaining States of the, South,
All these sanguine visions have, however; been
rudely dispelled by the accounts received by the
present arrival. We now learn that coercion,
and not compromise, is to be the policy of the
new President ; and that the Legislature at
Washington has all but unanimously adopted
resolutions agreeing to tote whatever aid in men
and money may be required by the executive to
uphold the authority of the Federal Government,
while on the other hand the project of a Southern
confederacy continues to meet with increasing
favour in Texas and other States.

At a recent meeting of the Virginia Legis-
latures the following resolution was agreed to by
a majority of 112 to s:

Resolved, by the General Assembly of Virginia, that
the union being formed by the assent of the States
respectively, and being consistent only with freedom
and the republican institutions guaranteed to each, can-
not and ought not to be maintained by force; that the
government of the Union has no power to declare or
make war against any of the States which have been its
constituent members ) that when any one or more of the
States has determined, or shall determine, under existing
circumstances, to withdraw from the Union, we are
unalterably opposed to any attempt on the part of the
fedeal government to coerce the same into reunion or
submission, and that we will resist the same by all the
means in our power.

That resolution formed the subject of another
article in the Herald, which concluded as fol-
lows :—" What Virginia ought to do, and what
all the slave States ought to do, is to call a con-
vention of the united South, which will agree
upon a reasonable ultimatum to be presented
to the North for acceptance. If it should be
accepted, as we know it would be, the quar-
rel is ended without a blow I if it should not'
the South will then be in a better position to
enforce her rights by the last resort the
arbitrament of the sword—if the North will not
consent to a peaceable separation. In the one
case, having exhausted all other means of obtain-
ing redress, she would be completely united in
war, and thus become unconquerable. In the
other event, she would enter upon the struggle
with divided counsels, irresolution, and even the
,disaffection and defection of her own sons.
United, the Southern States stand—divided, they
fall."

There was certainly some reason in such a pro-
position, but the advice was, unfortunately, not
addressed to reasonable people. The chances of
a division among the seceding States predominate
more than ever over those in favour of united
action, and if it should so turn out, the triumph
of the North will be decisive and complete, and
the institution of slavery in America is also from
that moment doomed, no matter at what cost.

"EASTWARD Ho," AND " HOMEAGAIN." —The names
given to two companion pictures, by Henry O'Neil,
R.A., and which are now exhibiting at Griffiths' Rooms,
Church-street, by Messrs. Lloyd and Co. The subject
of the departure Eastward and the Return, afford good
scope for the display of genius, and 21r. O'Neil has put
on canvass matter that will remain with his name, when
more pretentious persons shall have been forgotten. He
is not only a painter, but an anatomist, for every line in
the figures may stand the dissecting knife of all criticism.
We have never seen so many figures grouped into a like
space, and all so natural too. The colouring is not over-
strained, and one's sympathy is instantly attracted
to the faces, which betokens love, grief, and all
the other passions and feelings incident to the departure
and separation of friends and relatives. The return is
equally good, and we could gaze on these noble con-
ceptions and their brilliant execution, for hours, and
still find some new beauty in every detail. The story
told by these noble paintings is full of interest and the
romance of real life. The figures are graceful and
natural, and the emotions of the human mind can
almost be detected in the faces. To say more would be
anticipating a pleasure that all who look on these pic-
tures must feel. We would advise all art admirers to
look at these pictures. • .

With the unanimous approbation of the meeting,
WIC TITIIERINGTON, Esq., T. C., (of Chester), was
voted to the chair. In opening the proceedings the
Chaitthati said that he had great pleasure in presiding
over the meeting on that Otdasiolij as lib felt the import-
ande, the paramount importance Of, the subject Which
Mr. Gardiner intended to bring before them in his lee-
ttirbl It was dnethai was OeCiipYing rio inconsiderable
share of attention iii tliiii' di thb leading towns of the
kingdom, and he trusted from what they would hear
that day
,they would not be backward in giving their
support and sympathy to Mr. Gardiner and the object
which he had in view, and which he would lay before
them ,in his lecture. Ile hoped they would sop the
necessity of hating the people of Liverpool provided
With so nseflil and long heeded a desidetattim 'as a
public bath, so as to meet the requirements of a great
commercial town like Liverpool. (Heat and applause.)
Mr. CIARDINER, then proceeded with his lecture. He
said that in looking round the room he found that he
should take exception to the general rule of addressing
the andience as "Ladies and gentlemen," for he per-
ceived there were no ladies present, and he should
therefore not say "Ladies and gentlemen." There was
a time in his life when he had heard of great ship,
°timers, and cotton lords and merchant princes, and he
had often wohdotcd what sort of men they were ; but,
on the present occasion he had the ploastire and the
honour of standing in the presence of stick then, and
the privilege of addressing the gentlemen of Liverpool,
and those who "go down to the sea in ships, and
do business in great waters." It was his i ntention
as they were all aware, to say something to them about
the subject of Oriental and Turkish baths; but before
doing so he - felt it necessary, as a stranger amongst
them, to say a few words about his antecedents. In his
advertisement he had stated that he was connected with
the London Institution, of which he had the manage-
ment , for a considerable period, and had gained the
approval of a large number of noblemen, gentlemen,
physicians, surgeons, and others in the metropolis
and Dublin. He had also a private practice of
his oWn; and had been very successful in effecting
cures, some of which could be found in this neighbour-
hood. tint, independent of these facts, he was sur-
rounded by friends who knew him well and intimately.
He then detailed a few particulars relating to his per-
sonal history. He read some quotations from the
annual report of the medical inspector, from. which it
appeared that during the time Mr. Gardiner occupied
the position of secretary to the London Institution, he
had gained the confidence and esteem of all parties
connected therewith, from the very elcient and ener-
getic manner in which he discharged his various and
onerous duties. He also read extracts from the letters
of Dr. Barter, of Dublin, and other eminent gentlemen
in the medical world, speaking in the highest terms of
the talents, Zeal, and abilities of Mr. Gardiner. It
seemed that some time ago the lecturer had written
to Dr. Barter, informing him of his views and thoughts
about Turkish baths, and the feasibility of establishing
one in Liverpool. He told him that he had a circle
of friends in Liverpool who would assist him in getting
up an instittition of this kind worthy of such a great
town. Dr. Barter, in reply, highly approved of the pro-
posed scheme, and gave it as his opinion that it would
confer incalculable benefits on the people of the town
and neighbourhood. He unhesitatingly approved of the
lecturer's plans, and highly eulogised the method laid
down by him to carry these' plans to a successful com-
pletion. Yesterday he was favoured with a communi-
cation from Cambridge, which took him completely. by
surprise. It was dated from Willow-house, Cambridge,
and the writer, E. T. Bing, Esq., (a master of arts in
the 'University,) said that having seen Mr. Gardiner's
advertisement in a Liverpool daily paper (the Daily
Times) he thought that there was a good opening for such
a bath in Cambtidge, with a population' of 30,000, and
totally unprotided with such accommodation. 'He
invited the lecturer to visit the town and give a lecture,
which he felt confident would stir up the people to take
the necessary steps to provide the bath: The lecturer
then proceeded to•say that his object on the present
occasion was not so much to give them a lecture as to
lay before the meeting a few brief outlines and details
of the nature and character of the Turkish bath. And
here he would remark that this subject had been so
fully treated already by Dr. Naughton, that it was
nearly exhausted, and left the present lecturer scarcely
anything new to say. He spoke in the most kindly
terms of Pr, Houghton; who, he said, deserved well of
his country, because he had written a number of most
useful and valuable books, and had exerted himself
in the most praiseworthy manner for the education
of the masses. He could most strongly recommend
the works of this talented gentleman to their notice, as
also those of Dr. Barter of Dublin. In reference to
the subject of the baths, the lecturer had very little new
to' say beyond what had been advanced by the authori-
ties already named, -With the addition of what he knew
from his own' personal , aperience. He then gave a
quotation from an old work (Sanotorius), wherein the
author spoke highly of the utility of baths. Ile also
cited the 'opinion of Henry Ward Beecher, who thought
that more invalids could be cured by a good perspiration
and a breath of pure air than by "doctors' stuff" or
the Bible. (A laugh.) He spoke about the air, and
called it the life of the blood, and the stimulus of the
power of man ; it had been appropriately called-
by the ancients "the pabulum of life," Water was a
very necessary element in its place, but not so neces-
sary or vital to man as the air he breathed.
It might cleanse us from the impurities which attach to
the body, but not so effectually as when the 'combined
action of air is introduce.d This was the great advantage
of the Turkish bath, which was a heated air bath, ...into
which water was only partially admitted. It consisted
of five processes—first, the party about taking the bath
would bate to divest himself of all clothing, except a
slight covering, and he would then have to go into what
was known as the tepid room, into which air at a tempe-
rature of about 100 degrees was allowed to pass. He
should, in this room, sit down, walk about,' or lie down,
and after that he would have to go into an adjoining
room. [The lecturer explained the subject and the
different processes necessary to be gone through, by
means of a neatly-designed and well-executed diagram,]
It frequently happened that parties complained of certain
strange sensations, experienced in the skin and about
the head, when they had for some time remained in the
first or tepid room ; but this feeling gave way to one of
delight when they entered the second room, the tem-
perature of which varied from 140 to 230 degrees.
There was 'a third apartment, called the heated room,
which they next visited, and where they soon perspired
freely. He advised a person at this stage to drink plenty
of cold water, which would have the beneficial effect of
opening the pores of the skin, and from these pores the
water would ooze out as clear as when it had been taken
into the mouth ; and not till this was effected could a
person say he was properly cleansed. The other room
which was to be entered was called the lavatory, where
the operation of shampooing would have to be gone
through. Shampooing was the most essential part of
the bath, and by its instrumentality all the filth of the
body was brought to the surface, and then shampooing
not only removed this accumulated dirt, but it equalised
or caused an equilibrium of the circulation of the
blood over the -whole body. He then, alluded to the

erroneous impression generally prevalent amongst cer-
tain classes in this country, that the body was thoroughly
and effectually purified from all dirt by a mere process
of soap and water or washing. A more foolish idea
could not be entertained. Shampooing and the aid of
a Turkish bath could alone effect a thorough cleansing.
He himself had seen gentlemen, who having gone
through the operation of a shampooing, could scarcely
be persuaded to believe that the dirt and filth which
had been brought to the surface of their skin by the
action of the shampooer, had come from their bodies ;
but such was the fact. After the whole operation had
been gone through, and the person was conducted into
a warm room, he should recline for some time upon a
couch ; and if he felt a desire for exertion, he might
rest assured that the desired effect of the bath had been
accomplished. After leaving the bath, they need not
entertain any fear of catching cold, and he specially
warned persons against " cloaking " themselves up,
after being in a bath, to guard against the possibility of
taking a cold. He then described the exhilirating and
beneficial effects generally produced on a person
after taking a bath, giving an instance of it
in his own person. Anomalous as the statement
might appear about the non-necessity of a person
muffling himself up after having partaken of the bath,
he assured them it was a fact. The sensations expe-
rienced by the Turkish ibath-receiver could not be pro-
perly described—they were of the most delightful and
soothing kind. lie remarked that by taking a bath once
or twice a week no degree of cold would affect the re-
cipient. As regards the objection that had been so fre-
quently raised against the constant use of the bath, that
it had a debilitating or weakening tendency, he observed
that persons who hld such an opinion laboured under
an egregious error; for on the contrary, by the constant
use o the bath, we got rid of a large quantity of effete,
poisonous, and sudorific matter, which clung to the sur-
face of the body, and without which the human frame
must necessarily be in a more healthy and strengthened
condition. He then instanced some remarkable cures
that had been effected by the agency of the bath ; and
anent the question of weakness he related the case of a
man who had been suffering from chronic rheumatism,

The Anglo-Saxon, which sailed yesterday for Port-
land, only took about £2,004 in specie.
The ship Neptune, which arrived id the Albert DNA
yesterday, from Alexandria, had a large targ,o of cotton
and grain.
,•
THE HIGHLAND COMPANY OF VOLUNTEEIig.-='Tliiit
fine company of volunteers will hold a public melsthig
to-night, in the large room of the North Shore Mills?
off Vauxhall-road, for recruiting purposes. Mr. Clarke
Aspinall, the member for the Ward, is announced to
take the chair. We anticipate a large attendance.
LIVERPOOL PARLIAMENTARY DEBATING SOCIETY.—
The first meeting, for discussion, of the above society,
was held last night in the Concert-hall, Lord Nelson-
street, and was very well attended by a large number of
clerks, shop assistants, and other respectable young
men. The meeting was presided over by Mr. Russell, as
"the speaker." A new reform bill was introduced, and
gave rise to an animated and well-conducted discussion
amongst the " honourable members," who delivered
their views in a very straightforward and sensible man-
ner, free from that rhapsody and rhetoric in which
young men are sometimes inclined to indulge. Messrs.
Simpson, Tate, and others took part in the discussion,
and were warmly applauded by the audience. The
" house" rose at half-past eight o'clock, and adjourned
till next Thursday night.
LIST OF PASSENGERS PER S.S. NORTH AMERICAN.—
From Portland: Mrs. Kicker, Mr. Hale and wife, Messrs.
Leclaire, Kay, Cuvillier, Pemberton, Anderson, Garneau,
Roy, Carter, M`Nauglton, Plant, De Jeil and lady,
Maxwell, Craik, Graham.—From St. John's, 111.1;:: Sir
Francis and Lady Brady and three children, Assistant
Commissary-General Tubby, lady, servant, and child,
Mr. Fox, lady, two children, and servant, Messrs. Grieve,
Baird, Steer and wife, James Baird, Bennett 'and two
nieces, Thomson, Uriarte (Spanish Consul at St. John's),
111‘Donald, Bryden, Muir, Skeock, Walters, Marshall,
Currie, Parnell, Fraser, Little, O'Mara, O'DwYer,
Cocherane, Mackenson, Ayre, Cole, Shannon, Neatberly,
Tobin, Patterson, Smith, Allen, Barnes, and 28 steerage
passengers.
LECTURE BY MR. HAMILTON, SURGEON.—On Tues-
day evening last, in the Brunswick-halt, Mill-street,
Toxteth-park, this talented gentleman delivered a very
interesting, instructive, and practical lecture on the
physiological influence of alcohol, to a very numerous,
respectable, and attentive audience, who' sat for two
hours as if spell-bound to the spot, evidently drinking
in fact by fact as they fluently and eloquently fell•frora
the speaker's lips. The 'lecturer concluded his able
address with a few telling'. and appropriate anecdotes,
illustrative of the evil effects of alcoholic liquors; and
sat down amidst the most rapturous applause. ' A col-
lection was made, the object being to distribute bread
amongst the needy. A vote of thanks having been
accorded to the lecturer, the audience retired well
pleased, much instructed, and to some extent convinced
of the truth of the doctor's arguments, evidently proved
by the fact of so many signing the temperance pledge.
GRAND JUVENILE BALL.—Last night, the pupils of
the flourishing Ladies' Seminary, 10, Anson-street,
Pembroke-place, conducted by Mrs. Boddan, held their
annual ball at the Oddfellows'-hall, in St. Anneustreet.
From the number of invitations issued (some 400 or
500), the ball partook almost of the character of a.
public festivity, and it went off in every respect with
the most brilliant éclat. 'The company
.began to set
down as early as seven o'clock in the evening, when the.
young ladies, with their partners, first to the floor,
and were soon lost in. the mysteries of the polka, schot-
tische, varsoviana, galop, • w"ltz, '4scc: It was a
pleasing sight, and the young ladies certainly showed,
by the grace and elegance of their deportment, the care
exercised in this denartment of culture. The older visi-
tors soon caught the contagion, and to the music
Cotter's excellent string band the dancing. was, kept up
with great vivacity and spirit till a late' hour this morn-
ing. The refreshments supplied were of:the beg qiiality,
and nothing had been omitted 'in 'the arrangements
which could add to the comfort or pleasUre of the highly
respectable company assembled.
STANLEY WORKING MEN'S ASSOCIATION.--A lecture
was delivered in St. Anne's Sclaciel-rOnm, Old'S*an, on
Tuesday last, by Richard -/Iloughton, Esq., M.A., on
"Astronomy," illustrated by dissolving views. The
room was crowded to 'excess- mid many people had to
leave the door without gaining admittatee. These
meetings are specially connected with 'and supported by
the above institution, but the public are admitted free
of charge, and appear much to appreciate` the oppor-
tunities afforded them. Mr. Houghton's lecture was
received with the greatest. approbation, and the illustra-
tions were most effective and beautiful.' Theßevv T.
Gardner presided. At the recent annual meeting of this
association the report for the past twelve months sub-
mitted by Mr. Charles Harding, the honorary secretary,
was received with much satisfaction, as showing an.
increase of both honorary and working membersiipthe
books compared with the number at the close
.oft 1859.
The officers are re-elected for this year, and alibianehes
of the institution are actively at work.
THE HEALTH COMMITTEE.—The usual weekly, meet-
ing of the Health Committee was held yesterday in the
Council-chamber, Town-hall, Mr. Sheil in the chair.
The other members present were Messrs. Crellin, Nickson,
Steel, Haydock, and Job.—The following reports were
read :—The Medical Officer of Health reports that in
the week ending on Saturday, January 19th, the deaths
registered in Liverpool were 306, being 7 more than in
the previous week, and 54 more than the average, cor-
rected for increase of population, of the same week of
the preceding ten years. In the parish 197 deaths
were registered, and in the out-townships 109. The
mortality due to the late inclement weather has probably
now reached its maximum, and the returns for the
present week may be expected to show a decrease. The
deaths for the last six weeks have been successively 166,
206, 245, 293, 299, and 306. Diseases of the lungs
caused 154 deaths, being one more than in the previous
week, and 59 more than the corrected average. From
zymotic diseases the mortality was larger than usual,
owing chiefly to the unusual number of deaths from
hooping cough, which was fatal to 17 children, the
average of the previous four weeks being 6. From
typhus the deaths were, 7; measles, 6 ; scarlatina, 5 ;
diarrhoea, 5 ; croup, 4. Three children and one adult
died from diphtheria,—a greater number than in any
week of the preceding six months. The total deaths
from zymotic diseases were 51,—the corrected 'average
being 59. Of the total deaths there were, below five
years, 132; five to twenty, 13 ; twenty to sixty, 112 ;
above sixty, 49 ; this last being 20 more than the average
number of deaths at the same age in the corresponding
week of former years. The mean temperature of the
week was 35 degrees, the average being 40 8-10 degrees.
Rain fell on Sunday and Saturday the total amount
being 8-100ths of an inch. The Borough Engineer,
Building Surveyor, and Inspector of Nuisances reported
various particulars of the operations in their several
departments during-the week, from which it appeared
that 149 nuisances complained of by inhabitants had
been inspected, and means" taken to remedy them.
1,533 houses in the unhealthiest districts, containing
4,739 apartments, and 1,009 cellars, had been put under
examination with the.view of improving their sanitary
condition. There was no public business before the
committee, which soon after rose.