The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-04-12 00:00:00

to reading or intellectUal improvement of any
kind; but when the same apartment is at once
bedroom, !ninety, dininglroom, washhouse and
kitchen, quiet is hard to be obtained, and priimey
is an impossibility. We may lament and blame
that ever there should be a resort to the intoxi.

eating cup, but we can hardly be surpriied."
Now, of coure, all this may exist, and does
sometimes exist, apart from the evils we complain
of—those of had air, and general insalubrity of
situation for the abodes of the working and the
poorer classes. But thesq evils are intensely
aggravated by such baneful influences,—fre-
quently, indeed, if they do not originate in, they
are nurtured by them.

Of late years, however,- it must be acknow-
ledged, a good deal has been done to improve the
sanitary condition of iiverpool, and those situa-
tions of it, among others, where the humbler
classes principally reside. The health of the
town at large, and of such localities in particular,
has certainly been promoted by such operations.
Still there are too many sources of insalubrity in
those situations where the poor reside in such
dense masses—too many unhealthy spots which
they are of necessity obliged to inhabit, and
among whom, therefore, there still more or less
prevails that deplorable state of. things to which
we have alluded. •

Nothing, we believe, has contributed more to
create unhealthy districts in our populous towns,
than inattention to the public sewage. Mel
drainings of all the dwellings are imperfectly
carried off—sometimes, • indeed, are scarcely re- '
nmoved at all—but left to exhale the most noxious
gases ...Upon the atmosphere, and thereby produce-
the most deleterious effects upon the health of the-
inhabitants. One principal cause of this most
•frequently is, the • practical difficulty there is
found in disposing effectually of the contents of
the sewers. No place, perhaps, has suffered
more in this respect than the city of Carlisle,
a nd especially those districts of it which are mainly'
inhabited by the labouring poor, and which have,
seldom been free from fever in its most destructive
forms. At length, however, the Town Council Of.
that ancient city have secured a remedy. They
have granted to Mr.'IM‘bouGALL, of Mancheitter,
the use of the sewage for fifteen years, as an
experiment; And Mr. M'DoUGALL, we learn, 13,as
thus commenced . his operations :—lfe llas leased
for his purpose the Willow golme from the
Duke o I),T.Qiisurß.E—a piece of meadow land
immediately adjacent to one of the lowest parts
of the town. The area of the holme is -about
eighty acres, divided into two. portions by the
Caledonian Railway—sixty and twenty acres.
The outlet of the main sewer of Carlisle is in the

lesser portion ; and near the entrance from
ealdewgate to the larger hohne up engine-house
has been erected, and a tank has been constructed
tip the side of the main sewer, with a sluice so
arranged thai. as 'rtnich of the sewage can be'
diverted into it as may be desired, as it flows
down in its course to the river. Adjoining this-
tank a smaller receptacle is constructed in which

is mixed a Strong -disinfecting fluid, ;which is
allowed to run through a small pipe into the

larger tank, and there disinfect the whole of the
sewage as it accumulates. A powerful pump
worked by the engine 'then forces the sewage
thwi disinfected and deOdorised through an iron
pipe about ten inches in diameter, which carries
it to the holme, where an admirable mode of-
irrigation is adopted.__ We understand that the
fluid used as the disinfectant is one patented by,
Alr. .11WouGALL, and manufactured by him at
his chemical works at Chadderton, in this county.
This diluting process will be - carried on in small
tanks, and it is estimated that one`gallon of the
concentrated essence as it leaves the chemical
works Will be l'iiifficient to disinfect from 10,000
to 20,000 gallons of sewage. One may form
some idea from this single fact, how effectual

must be the process.
Now here is an example that may be followeawe
humbly think, in Liverpool, with decided advan-
tage. We are aware that here there is not, to the
'same extent, that difficulty which has been found to
exist in Carlisle, as to the disposal of the sewage.
The descent of so many of our streets towards
the river affords a means of carrying' off the
sewage superior to that possessed by many other
places. Still there are parts of the town, and
densely populated parts too, where there are con-
stant. accumulations of sewage, . and to which
such operations as those at Carlisle may with
equal effect be directed. We commend that
example, therefore, to the *iittention of our own
Town ' Council. It is one that appeais to us
'eminently calculated to. promote tbe health 'of
the town in a high degree,—and it has this
great recommendation, that it may be carried
into effect, apparently, without much cost, if any
whatever,' to the inhabitants.

ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY'S CATTLE

SHOW.

The pally Express says it was generally anticipated
that this show of the-society, from the severity- of the
weather and from the absence of sufficient vegetation at
this advanced period of the year, w ould be deficient in many
respects ; but it is gratifying to be able to say that despite
these adverse influences a better order of agricultural
training and a more general recognition amongst the
feeders of stock of the necessity of providing for the ever
changing influences of our climate, have had their effect
in ensuring a most successful exhibition. Nothing was
more calculated to excite surprise in those not conver-
sant with these facts, than to perceive the admirable
character of the specimens, and this astonishment was
more increased by: the fact that on no previous occasion
were the specimens-,exhibited so good or so numerous.
Every department opened for exhibition all but filled with
competing animals, each in their own way excellent.
The• horned section, which was so long looked upon with
apprehension by English exhibitors, excited the admira-
tion of those who 'had come to Ireland more from a
desire to see its stock, as manifested in t'fis, one of its
great exhibitions, than .any other object. From every
part of the United Kingdom they, have been entered
for competition. Some of the most successful
feeders and breeders' in .England and Scotland have
their animals in stall ; and, in a wise administTation
of justice, the cen4mittee of the Royal Dublin
Society have, as usual, selected as their judges three
Englishmen distinguished in agricultural knowledge,
and the highest recognised capacity,' from whose deci-
sions feW would be hardy enough to appeal'. The severd
awards having been made, the judges proceeded to
determine which animal was the winner of the blue
ribbon of the exhibition. This consisted of the five
guinea prize of the society, the silver and gold medal,
the farmers' prize of the society, the silver and gold
medal, the Farmer' Gazette prize plate, and the railway
challenge cup. FroM the miniature Kerry Bill to the
great Herefordshire Bull or fat oxen, all were sub-
jected to a minute. inspection. After a 'very keen
competition; much excitement being displa-yed on the
part of the attendants on the various animals, the extra
prizes, the five- guineas, the silver medal, tie gold
medal; the Farmer's Gazette, and the Railway Cup
were awarded to a' magnificent aniMal, the property of
Mr. Barnes, Noymalty, a white bull, Dr. Machale, who'
was led up to his stall where his newly awarded honours
were hung with manifest pride and satisfaction. The
gold medal was awarded to Mr. Eastwood's cow Rosette,
and the prize in value was given to the short-horned
bull Soubadox, the Property. of Mr. George Richardson,
Glenmore, Lisburn. This prize consists of the Railway
Challenge Cup, the second prize of the exhibition. The
Kerry section excited considerable interest. The Earl
of Charlemont's bull, the Young Knight, won the first.
prize. The Lord-Lieutenant will visit the exhibition
to-day.

The Times city article says, it is alleged by experienced
merchants in London that, accordingto the latest advices,
cotton manufactures from England cannot be sold except
at a loss of 15 per cent. at Bombay, 10 per cent. at Cal-
cutta, and 7 or 8 per, cent. in China ; and, moreover,
that there has been no real profit on any suph goods
shipped hence during the last six months. Looking iit
the fact that the
,consignments now going.fortiard are
on.a kale larger then.fias ever previously been known,
these assertions must create great disqiiiet. They adrnit,
however, of qualification in a very important manner..
Manchester manufacturers who ship on their own
account may still be operating at a pioflt, since a
sacrifice of from 7 to 15 Per cent. may fail to abiorb
the entire gain bet Ween the citrient price of their good:
and the cost at which they are actually turns Pat•cb
speculative shipper, therefore, who. buys OiTrniy. the
quotation including manufacturers' profit,._ Kith anxiety.
person whose transactions are contemplated
The Times is inclined to suspect that
1867 has already been forgotten. he seyere lesson of