The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-07-30 00:00:00

PAROCHIAL FINANCE.

Sancho Panza says " The world is divided into
only two families, the Have-somethings and the
Have-nothings. My old grandmother (he 'adds),
who gave me this piece of information, always
stuck to the Have-somethings; " and there is
not a person living whose tendency is not the
same way. The contest between the two classes
is as old as civil society. We may believe as
much as we like of the Homeric idea, that in the
primitive ages—when the traveller had no shelter
but the hospitable roof, and domestic 'misery and
sorrow no settled provision fcir:their the
stranger and the beggar were sacred characters,"
and equally under the special protection of
Heaven. The latter, it is certain, soon lost his
sanctity; and the proper control and management
of the poor has, in all countries, formed one
of the most difficult and perplexing problems
for those who administer the affairs of State.
" Aurungzebe," says Montesquieu, " when asked
why he did not erect charitable establishments
for the relief of the indigent, is said to have replied,
I will render my empire so rich that there shall
be no need for such estahlis4l3l. ents."! This,
doubtless, would be a short cut to a most desirable
end ; but the great conqueror WAS not political
economist enough, it would seem, to be aware
that such establishments originate in, and are the
very consequence of riches. With the beat of
social arrangements, the poor we shall always
have with us.

q Toil, Care, and Eatience th h +
bless ;
Fear, Shame, and 'Want' the thoughtless herd pursue."
At present, a Board of Poor Law Guardians
is but the synonyme for all that is mean,
petty, and contemptible in public life, and
is inseparably associated with the idea of
disgracefUl personality and factious spab-
bles: clYie !laye a bbdy Of the kiiid our

own immediate neighbourhood- which has un-
fortunately done but little to remove the bad
odour.) And yet "there is no reason why this should
be so. 'Rightly regarded, the office of poor-law
guardian isone of' dignity and responsibility. The
Liverpool- Workhouse, with its Kirkdale branch,
contains a population of 3,04() persons,—,,,w'itli one
exception, one fact—it is the largest establishment
of the kind in the whole kingdom; and the mem-
bers of the Select Vestry are entrusted with the
administration of futids equalling -in- ainoiirif the
.entire revenue of a German duchy: The trust is
great, whether socially or financially considered;
and if unworthy or incompetent men be chosen
for the 'of:flee, the fault is very largely that of the
ratepayers themselves.

We have just had laid upon our table a statement
of the parish accounts for the year ending the 25th
of March last. Some of the items are curiously
suggestive ; but we shall, at present, content our-
selves by extracting a few of the general results.
The total expenditure of the year amounts, in
round ninnbrs, to £109,067; and the total
receipts during the year to £116,700--the actual
capital represented, the balance account included,
being £254,181. The expenditure of the year
for the in-maintenance of paupers in the Work-
house and at the Industrial Schools (that is
simply for provisions, necessaries, and clothing),
is £20,310, and there has been spent in out-door
relief not less than £38,657. Of this amount,
£23,956 was paid in money to resident and
casual poor, £5,556 in bread ; for clothing to
children on their leaving for service, £333.
For the maintenance of pauper lunatics in Asy-
lums we observe the heavy item of £7,793. The
establishment and other charges are of course
very varied and numerous, included under the
latter head being a payment to the Corporation
for museum rate of £4,803, and for watch rate
£8,525. The whole charges in respect of the
Workhouse for the year amount to £32,233, in
respect of the Industrial Schools to £10,526, and
other charges" (either common to both or un-
connected with either establishment) reach to
£66,3o7,—thus making the total expenditure of
the year £109,067.
The salaries paid in the Vestry Clerk's office
amount to £1,127, the Vestry Clerk himself
receiving £6OO of that amount ; in the Cashier's
department, to £2,887 ; in the relief department,
to £l,744,—the Superintendent Relieving Officer
getting £3OO, and six relieving officers £760
amongst them. In the workhouse department,
the Governor (who in his capacity, we may
observe er4 passant, is one of the most excellent
officers in the kingdom,) receives, without board,
£356 ; the Chaplain, £238 ; and the total expen-
diture for salaries immediately connected with the
establishment is £2,148. The salaries paid at the
Industrial Schools reach -to £l,9s3—including
£220 to the governor and matron, with board in
addition ; £lOO, U 4 & surgeon ; and £250 to the
chaplain and head-master. Then there are nine
district medical ;officers, receiving salaries varying
from £5O to £2OO, with vaccination fees in addi-
tion, as follows
District Melical Officers. 'Vaccination. Salaries.
Mr: Pope

27 Vincent . .
6.4 16 0 150 0 0
„ Sayer 9B 8 0 200 0 0
„ Games
„ Barnes
„ Swift
„ Norris
„ Garthside 7 18 6 140 0 0
„ Gildersleeves 2B 17 6 140, 0 0
------,--

4QQ 13 6 1,360 0 0
The following summary return is also full of
interest :

Total Rateable Value of the Parish, as per
Rate Book is
Poors' Rate in the £ this year 2s. 3d.
Percentage of the Rate collected on 25th
March
Average number of inmates in Workhouse
during this year .. 2,041
Their average weekly oost per head—Pro-
visions and Necessaries 2s. 50.
Ditto ditto Clothing 3!d.
Average nufiber of children, Industrial
Schools
Their average weekly cost per head —Pro-
visions and Necessaries .
Ditto ditto . Clothitz 6-i id.
Average number of out-cloy. F.oor during this
10,680
year
Their average weekly Relief per head ls. Old.
- -

The small average cost per head of the paupers
in the Workhouse is a striking proof of the
economic advantage (in cookery and other
respects) which a large establishment affords.
Small as the cost appears, the diet is liberal ; and
the paupers in the house get more food, and of
better quality, than many deserving poor outside
the walls.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

(FRQN OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

PARIS, Saturday Evening, July 28, 1860.

Notwithstanding the absorbing nature of the
interest which continues to be felt in the Syrian
question, and in the future of the kingdom of
Naples, the attention of a large portion o the
Parisian community is fixed on the progress of a
case at present before the law courts, which,
owing to the largeness of the sum at stake, and
the fact that the defendant is alleged to be in
reality trustee for the Marquis de Chambord, is
exciting, as may be supposed, an. immense degree
of interest, especially among the friends of legiti-
macy. The following particul.trs regarding the
suit cannot fail to be titqaetive os. to .your
readers.

The question at issue arises out of the
succession of the Marquis de Villette, the son of
the nobleman of that name whose extraordinary
worship of Voltaire made him quite a celebrated
character. The late Marquis left a will, dated
Bth April, 1859, of which the following are the
principal clauses :—" I, CharleS Vilette, Marquis
de Vilette, die in the pale of the Catholic Church.
I appoint? as my universal legatee, my
dear and
old friend the Count de t!reirx Breze, Bishop of
Moulins. In case he should not wish, or should
' not be able, to profit by this bequest, I appoiht
by the same title, for my universal legatee, my
dear cousin, Leon Cordier de Montreuil." Then
follows another series of clauses for giving effect
to the bbquest. The deed concludes as follows;
" None of the furOwre, or abjeetts of art, which
are in my castle of Villette, shall_ be sold; they
shall in preserved in their place. s 9 fang, as, the
chateau shall remain in the FOSS,Aion of ray uni-
versal legatee., 1145 collection is the work of
three generations." A subsequent codicil ap-
points, in default of M. Montreuil, his. son, M.
Alfred.
..
The settlement is challenged by M. Montreuil,
senior, who contends that the universal legacy
a bequest for
nbenomuienaatlhe(dap.pto(i
rtehnet)l,3iLlshn,odp
coofnel,eltiohjukicle i 4 merely
the benefit of the Count de Chambord; who is
incapable of receiving, by the terms of the law of
the 10th of April, 1832, which declares that
Charles X., his descendants, and the husbands
and wives of Ilis descendants, shall not be able to
enjoy, in France, any civil right, nor to possess
or acquire in France, any property personal or
real, by any title, either gratuitous or onerous.
The case for the plaintiff was stated last Thursday,
before the Court of Clermont-Oise, by M. Avocat
Marie: After dwelling upon the political Opinions
of the deceased marquis, after showing him to
have been, on all occasions, the cl.cvoted. 'servant
of the elder branchof the Bourbons, going the
length even of offering himself' an hostage for
the Duchesi of ' terry, when she was inliori
-
soned, and glorying in his having ',one so. i; and
a
finally, in never having been false to the ''
of his family,-"A'rer
7fa ith ful---e
re),
faitrotto
M. •Marie endeavoured to make out that,?
the
testator's idea of thus .bequeathing the whole of
his fortune, which amounted to not less
4,000,000 francs . (i 160,000),
was
~ofverythalnd
standing. The idea, in fact, could, Ile , old
standing.
traced back as far as
1830, and the testator had
never abaridOned it deAn td the day of his death.
For example', in a will executed on the 15th
May, 1836, the testator thus expressed himself :.---,
~ I die in saying, openly, and in my sons and
conscience,—no, the Prince do Conde Aid not
commit suicide ; his death is the. consequence of
a crime—l die in endeavouring to eecute the
well known intention of the Frince de .Conde,

an intention well known to me, viz., to leave his I
property to the Due de Bourdeaux, and to his
sister, Mademoiselle. In consequence whereof,
in dying, I entreat his Royal Highness Henri of
France, to accept the offer which I make to him
of the enjoyment and ownership of all my pro-
perty, personal and real, existing at the time of
my decease." " I have no children," wrote at
another time M. de Vilette to the Count de Cham-
bord, " I leave seine property ; deign to accept
the offering of it. Oh ! reject not this respectful
supplication. Pardon, Monsgr., this letter; I
ain dying Monsgr., and it is the venerated names
of Charles X, of Louis Antoine, of Caroline, which
mingle themselves in my thoughts, with that of
God." But the opinion of a juriseonsulte
enlightens M. de Villette upon the nullity of a
will made ostensibly for the benefit of a person
whom the law declares incapable of receiving,
and M. de Villette accordingly makes his will in
favour of M. de Dreux-Bre'ze. This appoint-
ment, however, M. Marie contends, is only a
formal one; the true, universal legatee, being
the Count de Chambord; and he maintained
that this fact was further evidenced by
the following letter, written by the deceased
to the Prince, on the 16th October, 1840, subse-
quently to an audience which he had had with
the Prince at Goritz :—" I have no children,
Monsgr., and I am thus enabled to offer you the
obole' of the faithful subject. I made my will in
1836, but I feared it could not be accepted by
you. Two settlements are made, one of them in
consequence of the revolutionary facts which are
accomplished, is a trust, and it is necessary to
have recourse to the second. It will be seen to
by you. I, a modest and simple gentleman, am
at your feet, and I kiss again that hand which
you allowed me yesterday to kiss, and I am,
Monsgr., the most humble and most submis-
sive of your subjects." M. Marie went on to
observe that the will of 1859, which is outwardly
a bequest for behoof of the Bishop, could not, in
the plaintiff's view, imply a change in the tes-
tator's intentions. It had continued always to be
his fixed intention to bequeath his fortune to the
Count do Chambord, and what made this clear to
demonstration was the following letter, received
from the Marquis by the Bishop :—" I appoint you,
Monsgr., my universal legatee, because you know
my intention to be that my fortune shall go to the
Count de Chambord. It is a trust which I have
confided to your friendship and your loyalty. I
am asking General de la Rochejacquelaine to
transmit you this letter, so that I may thank you
from the depths of the tomb, for the missibn
which you will have fulfilled."
The question, said M. Marie, in conclusion, was
—has this letter been transmitted to the bishop ?
This, he declared, he could not answer one way
or the other, but in his view, it was not, on that
account, the less to be regarded as the certain
proof of the intentions of M. de la Villette.
The foregoing is a summary of the case for the
plaintiff. The Bishop, on being examined, main-
tained that he was a veritable legatee, and not an
" interposed person." The proceedings are likely
to last four or five days. The validity of the
settlement is defended, on the part of the Bishop,
by the eminent counsel MM. Berreyer and
Plocque.
You shall. have further details of this cause
celebre as it advances, but meanwhile I would
remark, that as the terms of the bequest seem to
be ex facie, entirely absolute and unconditional,
and the Bishop is not legally prohibited from
dealing with it •as such, I do not see on what
grounds it can be upset, unless the law be very
much strained.for the special purpose.
Well may people here ask " what's up now " re-
garding the intentions and -views of the Emperor
of the French with respect to the Italian question
as it now stands. Little more than a week ago I
gave you the-purport of an article in the Consti-
tutionel, which advocated plainly, and without
disguise, the cause of federalism in Italy as against
Italian nationality, and recommended strongly the
Sicilians to annex themselves to Sardinia and be
done with it ; stating, at the same time, that the
compromise offered by Francis 11. was a fair one
and should be accepted, and advising the other
Italian states to adjust themselves, on the basis of
the Villafranca arrangements. In the Journal
des Debats of this day, there is a very able and
thoroughly liberal article, containing recommenda-
tions and advice of the very opposite nature.
Its importance at the present moment induces
me to give you the following sanauutry_
of its
contents, and I do so the more readily because
many of the sentiments of the writer of the
article coincide so entirely with my J own views
on the question. After a reference to the
internal dissensions of the Italian party, the
writer proceeds to express his confidence in the
ultimate triumph of the great Italian cause. Rix
readers are reminded that Tuscany and
the
Romagna were last year in no better state than
Sicily is. at the present moment. "It had been
said that that the Italians were incapable of
liberty, and history had been largely quoted in
support of this assertion, but what is the case now?
To their immortal honour, the Sieilia.n.s have sur-
mounted all the difficulties to which they have been
exposed, all the dangers of anarchy, and all the
perilous enjoyments of their suddenly acquired
liberty ; and they now offer to astonished Europe
the spectacle of a wisdom and a spirit of
self-control which was never expected from them,"
After alluding to the annexation of the Duchies
and the Romagna to Sardinia, and to the pro-
posed annexation of Naples, he observes that " It
is puerile to, OA oX the annexation of Italy to
Piedmont. It is Piedmont that is to be annexed
to Italy." lie enjoins the Sicilians to continue
to have confidence in themselves, and he asks
how can they expect, after such a long period, of
misgovernment and of oppression,, to. become
familiar in a day with all the delicatesses of
constitutionalism ? M. L,€moine next describes
the present eon,clition of the Neapolitans, which
he characterises. as a" dull, stupid torpor," he warns
then) against accepting the concessions offered by
Francis 11., and says that " despite all the consti-
tutions and all the oaths in the world, Naples will
still remain the ally of Austria, and Naples will
always be, in the south of Italy, the point de appui,
the point of equilibrium of the Austrian quadi-
lateral of the north." " The reforms offered are far
too late; no one can have any faith in these con-
cessions, far as soon as the danger is over, nay as
soon as it tR merely suspended, natural tendencies
'will take their irresistible course. How then is
it possible to expect either the consolidation of a
Liberal Government at Naples, or an alliance
ith Naples and Turin ?"

" The present dynasty cannot exist with liberty,
for it would have to rely fbr support on those
classes which it has always persecuted, oppressed,
or exiled. It is forced to seek its ministers and
its agents from among the exiled and in the
prisons. A national guard will increase the
nunlkr 91. its enemies, and, to crown all, it will
bring together a Parliament in which it will find
itself in the presence of refugees, banished by
it in former times, and to-day,
lestnred by the
grace of Guiseppe Garibaldi. II 'hat an edifying
state of society is that in which
pass alternately, pm without political men
transition, En.
ni the galleys to power,
any
---7----
o Power, and from
power to the galleys We no longer believe in
the possibility of an alliance between Naples and
Turin, because we believe the moment is passed
be
in which there can
any longer two Italies.
h
Many things might
can no longer b. ave been yesterday which
_ dole to-day ; and in this num-
ber must be ranked the project of an Italian Con-
federatio
- n• It is all very well," continues Mon-
sieur Lemoine, talk of the superior advantages
" to •
of a federated Italy ; bat this implies, before
everything else, its deliverance from all foreign
domination. To admit Austel* for example, into
an Italian assembly-T-svhat is that but to acknow-
ledge it) and that is a point Upon which any
surrender is no longer possible." The system of
dualism,
viz., one great Italian power in the
north,and another in the south, is also out of the
question, An Italy divided into two can never
be independent ; it would be a house divided
against itself. He thus concludes :—‘• To a
sincere alliance between Naples and Turin
radical impossibilities. The
there are first
condition which Piedmont would hay.s to lay
down is, that the King of Naples should engage
to make war on Austria, and such an engagement-
would be noting but a lie. The first condition
h
which the King of Naples would desire
on
side, would be, that Piedmont should abandon on
Sicily, and that abandonment would, he treason,
.
Garibaldi alone follows his, a'rai ixtf
or ward
course 'with PTA invincible Constancyg
and an
admirable simplicity. By the sole
.• : .e power of a
righteous idea, the Soldier thus 1
p aces himself
above all the skill of governments, all the subtleties
of diplomatists, and all the ree.sop,jAgs of sophists.
He knows what he w
'‘44ts i tte has a faith, a

THE FRENCH FUNDS.

PARIS, July 28.

3.25 P.M.—The Funds have improved, and. the
market has been firm throughout the day. Renter
opened at 68f. 30c., and were finally quoted at
68f. 35c., or 25c. higher than yesterday.

THREATENED REVOLUTION IN ROME.
ROME (via Marseilles), July 24.
The Pope has decided upon not quitting Rome._
Bills have been posted announcing the approach-
ing outbreak of a revolution.

NEAPOLITAN POLICY.

NAPLES (vid Alarseilles), July 24.

The official journal contains an article express-
ing regret at the hostile aggressions made in
Sicily, whilst negotiations are being carried on
for the solution of the pending question at Turin,
Paris, and London; and notwithstanding that,
the Neapolitan Government had given orders for
the evacuation of Sicily by the royal troops, in
order to avoid the shedding of Italian blood. The
same journal repeats that an alliance between
Piedmont and Naples is necessary for the welfare
of Italy. Fifteen steamers of the royal fleet
have left Naples for Sicily. An ordinance has
been published by the Predict of Police, against
abuses of the liberty of the press. Sixteen per-.
sons belonging to the Court have been exiled.
Numerous refugees have returned to Naples,
among whom are General Ulloa and Signor
Davala. The existing municipalities are to be
renewed on the 6th of August next.

NAPLES, July 27.
Tranquility has not been disturbed at Naples..

SICILY.

GENOA, July 27

According to advices received here the loss of
the Garibaldians at Milazzo WAS 780. The
Neapolitans had 1,223 killed. There are many
wounded on both sides.
s