The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-08-09 00:00:00

THE CELTIC LANGUAGES

i
t
Infotrhetheveenpitnirgp,osae mofeectoinrigsidweroikngpltahc:
best m
prosecuting the study of the Cymric
tongues. The Rev. John Williams occupied the chair.
Professor Rusgon made a long speech, commencing
ie
st the
fiveo Tde‘°; of l
by stating that the Noyman and Saxon elements- in
English history had been discussed by Thierry and
other -historians, and that of late years theie this
tendency to lay stress ou the Anglo-Saxon element.
Critical investigation should extend to the early history
of the_ Britons. It was impossible to pursue this study
without knowing the ancient language of Britain. He
proceeded to show the importance of publishing Cyanic

and Gaelic manuscripts, and composing a complete
Cymric and Gaelic dictionary, and the importance of
establishing Celtic professorships in Irish, Scotch and
English universities.
The Rev. Thomas McLauchlin, reviewed the previous

speaker's remarks, and stated that he was surprised to
find an able Welsh grammarian stating that the muta-
tion of consonants was confined to the Welsh ; the truth
was, all the Cymric dialects had a similar mutation of
the consonants.

After some remarks from various parties, it was
determined to hold a second meeting after the concert,
which takes place in the evening at the tent.

THE CYMRIC LANGUAGES.

After the concert, on Tuesday evening, the adjourned
meeting of the gentlemen interested in the proposed
Archaeological Society was held in the Town-hall. The
Rev. John Williams again presided.
On the proposition of Professor Rushton, M.A., an
archaeological meeting was fixed for Wednesday, and a
bardic meeting for Thursday evening.
The Chairman announced, with regret, that a Welsh
archaeological work of great value, consisting of Welsh
manuscripts, had been in the press for nearly three years
—a long period, taking into consideration the present
forward state of the printing press, and the rapidity
with which other works were issued. This resulted
from a want of money and an organised system.
Professor Rushton stated that the great object which
they had in view was the promotion of Eisteddfodau ;
but they could not expect them to succeed unless they
added u historical society. Did they work well for the
next twelve months, they might hold an Eisteddfod next
year, the like of which they had never witnessed. It
was premature to point out where such an Eisteddfod
should be held, but care should be taken to select a
central spot, in order that the Irish, Welsh, Scotch,
and English might participate in the results. He
asserted that there were manuscripts in the uni-
versity of. Oxford which, he felt assured, if pub-
lished, would throw a light upon the early history
of Britain; and he was not the less certain that
Britain and Wales had thrown out a great power of
poetry, which had been taken advantage of by French
and English literature. They boasted of their
language and of their history; but were they
prepared to sacrifice their time in criticising the tales
handed down to them by their forefathers, and in
bringing to light those ancient manuscripts which con-
tained such great treasures ? He had been greatly
struck with the large quantity of poetry which had been
written for this Eisteddfod. He was not prepared to
venture an opinion on its quality ; but of this he was
certain; that no other country in the world could produce
such-a large amount of poetry written, as this was, by
working men.

Glyn Alun suggested the funds. Were they sure that
they should obtain money in order to carry out their
views ?

The Rev. Hugh Owen declared that it was a shame to
the country that they could not publish a work in less
than three years ; and affirmed ehat, if their nationality
and language were worth anything, they should be ready
to work well in exploring the regions of their own lite-
rature, which would result in greater good than, the
prizes offered •at the Eisteddfodau. Let them, at the
Eisteddfod, commence a fund for publishing the old
works in the Welsh language, and do something at
once.

Mr. J. A. Lloyd, of Chester, inquired whether it was
desirable to hold the Eisteddfod as a permanent insti-
tution?

Mr. Gee, the publisher, replied in the affirmative,
suggesting, at the same time, that an investigation should
be made into the manner in which Eisteddfodau were
conducted, with a view of removing the obstacles which
at present deterred the literati of Wales from partici-
pating in their labours and successes.
Mr. Williams remarked that a plan which he would
submit on Thursday carefully considered all matters,
and, they would find, to their satisfaction. As to any
monetary difficulties, he asserted that they might easily
realise £5OO, nay £l,OOO, towards the objects they had
in view.

The Rev. John Griffiths, of Neatb, placed great
importance on Mr. Gee's suggestion.
The Rev. John Emlyn Jones, M.A., deplored the
immorality which occasionally existed at places where
large numbers- of men congregated, .not only for intel-
lectual but religious purposes. Eisteddfodau and reli-
gion should not, however, be condemned for that reason,
and fie maintained that they should not disregard small
Eisteddfodau, which were a kind of preparatory semi-
naries for the large Eisteddfodau, as the small schools
prepared the youth of their country for the universities.
A meeting of the Archaeological Society was held last
evening, when Professor Rushton, M.A., introduced the
following Its a syllabus of what the society intended
to do :--

1. The publication, with English translations, of
valuable Cymric manuscripts.
2. A complete Cymric dictionary.
3. Compatison of the Cornish and Breton dialec's ;
correspondence with the scholars of Normandy and
Brittany,.
4. Cothparison of the Gaelic languages, Irish, Scot-
tish, and Manx; correspondence with the Gaelic scholars
and antiquaries of Scotland and Ireland.
5. Historic studies of the Romano-British period,
from the invasion by Julius Caasar to the settlement of
the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
6. Historic studies of the Strath-Clyde kingdom, with
a consideration of the British element in early Scottish
history and topography.
7. Investigation of the poems ascribed to Taliesin,
Llywarch Hen, and Aneurin, with a view of determin-
ing the historic and literary value of those compositions.
8. Studies of mediaeval Cymric literature, in order to
ascertain how far the romance literature of Europe has
been derived frcm Britannic sources (Cymric or Breton).
9. Examination of poems and other compositions
written in Wales during the Wars of the Roses—as for
example the poems of Lewis Glen Cothi—to see if any
light can be thrown upon that obscure page of. history.
10. Determination of the influence which British
legends exercised upon English literature under the
Tudors, especially as exhibited in the works of Spenser,
Drayton, and Shakespeare.
DENBIGH, August 8.
A procession was formed as on the day before. Sir
Watkin Williams Wynne was present; and he was
greeted with loud and prolonged cheers. The rain fell
in torrents. The assembly was considerably larger
than on the day before.
Sir Watkin was introduced to the audience by the
Rev. INT. Owen, of St. Asaph, who remarked that it
was flattering to find the great men of. the day taking
an intere.t in the education and the intellectual welfare
of the working people; and referred to the Scotch meet-
ings for the promotion of athletics, arguing that it was
necessary to combine the development of the muscle,
and of the intellect.

The Secretary read an, address to the President, which
reviewed the history of Eisteddfodau, explaining the
nature of the present meeting. The family of the noble
president had always promoted the institutions of Wales,
and they were extremely proud to find that he did the
same.

Sir Watkin Williams Wynn apologised for his
non-attendance on the day before, in consequence
of the pressure of his parliamentary duties. His feeling
concerning these social meetings were embodied in the
address ; but perhaps he did not quite agree with
Owens' remarks regardink the resemblance of the Scotch
athletic meetings and the Eisteddfodau of the Principa-
lity; which were purely for the advancement of thei
nation in intelligence.
After some explanatory remarks from Saltraearu,
The bards, John Price, John Roberts, Llew Herae-

thog, addressed the assembly in Welsh.
Talhaiarn read a sonnet to the Eisteddfod, written by
Mr. Thomas Cambria Jones, which was as follows :
As from the walls of Denbigh Castle, pour
The Harp's rich notes across our Clvryd's domain,
Winnow the chaff, treasure the precious grain,
Sweet nusic seems to utter evermore.
The harvest of the mind to-day ye store
For safety, househeld we and public gain,
Which Heaven defend from evil loss or stain.
Hail ye who lore as did the gods of yore
The Christian poet's life ennobling strain.
Such levejs its own recompense : full o'er
The soul sheds glory that shall there remain
Triumphant—joy and solitude and plus—
When earth retires, when death itself no more
Winnow. out all worthless chaff, treasure the
precious grain.
After a prize had been awarded to Thomas Williams,
of Denbigh, for a pair of lady's boots,
Llew Llwyfo sang, to the tune of "The March of the
men of Arlech," a song by Professor Rushton, translated
by Gwerydd ap Rhys, to Welsh Eisteddfodau. An
encore was• demanded, and the Llew rendered, in a
very creditable manner, the " Gwemth Gwyn," a love
song.
An English oration was delivered by the Rev. Thos.
111‘Lauchlin, of Edinburgh, who, although able to
address them in the Celtic tongue, he.should in English,
and with little compunction, because the Celtic tongue
had contributed so much towards its formation, a fact
which had not been acknowledged by the lexicographers,
in consequence of ignorance, prejudice, or iujustice.
(About this 'tithe' the rain fell most heavily; the. -reporters'
tables became 'flooded, and the regular proceedings were
discontinued for about ten minutes. The band played
some lively airs during the interval, and when the rain
had subsided)--- -

~ . .
• -
Mr. M‘Lauchlin acknowledged his pleasure at being
present at the Eisteddfod, and affirmed that hehail not
been disappointed in any way, , Although- he could not
distinguish all that had been said, he sympathised with
the merry feelings of thine around him. Being thrown
amongst the scholars of Wales, his knowledge of the
Gaelic and Celtic had enabled him to understand much
that-was spoken. He looked upon these meetings favour-
ably, -.because, they -served to cherish amongst them the
feeling of nationality. Historical experience taught them
that these feelings formed the basis of patriotism, and
tended—not to weaken,-but strengthen, the kingdom -01
Great Britain, as was clearly proved ,by the hi?? rJf
the Scotch and Welsh soldiers who served in
those who
Eng-
lish -army. (Great cheering.) In answer.-toutihs. e
~, 4
desired to, see . the Celtic language extinguished, h a
replied that the people would gain nothing
,wasii
of Religiously and intellectually the Gaelic
their language
thereby.
import-
ance, because the Highlanders understood
and
better .than the Lowlanders
understoodtsh understood • Welsh
in 'the same ratio the English ;
welsh.
understood
better than the peasantry
was not yet. completed.
Eng-
lish: He should regret ths,-eo,oftrkotarextinction of The Celtic
language, because' their work
had never been
.made out,
The topography of
thoroughßri
investigation into the Celtic
and he believed a
nablo
them to find out the sbutte's
languages would .c d the names of the 'mountains and
whence were derive
rivers of the country. He ventured to premise that it
would he proved that these names were given by a peo-
plepopulated these islands previous to th .
-
Further than that, it might turn out that
gin al who had
British. e on
d the Latin languages were only d' I tiTs.
the Greek and la ee o
the Celtic language. He was loudly cheered throughout.
A vote of thanks having been awarded to Mr.
WLauchlin,

Mir. David Williams (Maw Goat) recited some original
verses, and John Elias Davies, a lad, performed on the
harp.
The prize for a poem to the Prince of Wales Was

withheld, because of the fourteen competitors who had
sent in poems not one was worthy of the least praise.
For the prize of £5 5s offered for the best Welsh
National Anthem twenty-seven persons competed. Every
one of the composition were unworthy. The prize was,
therefore, withheld.
After a song by Owain Alaw,
Talhaiarn recited his translation of Tam O'Shanter,
producing immense laughter and applause.
The Denbigh, Dyserch, and Denbigh and neighbour-
hood choirs competed for a prize of £lO 10s. offered for
the best performance of any set piece of music. The
Denbigh choir sang " Blessed be the Lord God of
Israel ; " the Denbigh and neighbourhood choir one of
Handel's master pieces; and the Dyserch choir a Welsh
anthem termed "The fall of Sebastopol," composed by
Mr. T. Jones, of Nanerch. All the performances were
decidedly inferior in a critical point of view, but credit-
able when it is considered that the members of the
choirs were of the labouring classes. The prize was
awarded to the Denbigh choir.
Nine impromptu stanzas on the Rifle Corps were
characterised as very good. Some of them were excel-
lent. The prize was only 10s., which the adjudicator
proposed to divide between Mr. Griffiths of Caernarvon,
and the Rev. H. Hughes. The Chairman generously
added 10s. to the amount, and therefore the bards had a
prize each.
Of the compositions sent in for competition for the
prize of £5 55., offered for a poem on "Salvation," none
showed mediocre ability, and the prize was withheld.
For a prize of £l5 155., for the best essay on the
Welsh language, from the earliest times till 1080, no
persons competed.
The Rev. William Ambrose (Emus), of Port Madoc,
delivered a flaming Welsh oration on the conduct of the
English press in general, the London Times in par-
ticular, with relation to Eisteddfodau. The conductors
of newspapers were averse to all things—Eisteddfodau
to wit, if they supposed that the nation was so also;
but he affirmed that as soon as the national feeling
became favourable to the object which the nation pre-
viously held in aversion, than the press became its
warm advocates!! ! (Bravo, Mr. Ambrose !)
Miss Wynne, of Liverpool, rendered, in her most
pleasing style, the Aderyn Fur, and was heartily
cheered.
" Solomon" received a prize for an essay on "Leisure
Hours."

" rant Glyn" was pronounced the winner of the prize
of 42 2s. for lines on the late Mr. E. Jones, of
Maesyglyn. _ _

The next subject was an elegy on the late Jeuan Glan
Geiriowydd, the bard Chianld. in 1828. The prize was
£lO 10s. Awarded to Mr. R. Jones, of Manchester,
who was highly eulogised.
The National Anthem terminated the meeting.
THE CONCERTS.
_ _

On Tuesday and last evening concerts were held in
the Tent, which was crowded to excess. Indeed the
audience present last evening numbered 3,000 at least ;
and it was feared that the stage would give way under
the ladies and gentlemen who sat upon it, and do a
great deal of injury.. The chief performers were—Mr.
Edward Thomas, of Liverpool ; Mr. Burnley Richards.
Mrs. Brooke, Miss Wynne, and Leew Lewyfo. Space
will not permit us to give a lengthened notice ; and all
we•can•say is, that the singing was well rendered, the
_playing well performed. _

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