The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-03-30 00:00:00

EARLY CLOSING 'MOVEMENT.

:Last night a soiree, under the auspices of the associa-
tion for the promotio:s of this movement;' was held in
the Concert-hall,, Lord Nelson-street. Wm.'Dawbarn,
Esq., president of the' association, occupied the chair.
Among the gentlemen on the platform were Messrs.
George Nickson Vey (of Messrs. Vey Brothers)
T4o4llpson (of, Messrs,Carmichael & Co.) ; J.O. Jones,
solicitor, Sce. Letters of apology expressing warm
sympathy with the- objects of the' meeting were read
front Messrs. Gibson, Jeffery, Frisby,_&c. About 250

ladies and gentlemen,were presort.,
Mr. Dawninsr said: Ladies and Gentlemen, as chair-
man of this ,association, I believe something of a report
is, expected from me.- No man, however great his intels
ligencei high his station, or honeUrable his character;
need Make an apology for. being ,id4ntified -with this
associatiOn—the Liverpool. Early Closing Association.
Its' ends are only those which piiilanthrbpists approve,
reason adMits to be sound, and Society at large recog-
Aides' as beneficial to :thoseengagedsin labour. For
bringing up, this' report I therefore, shall make •no
apology, beyond expressing that I could have wished
had pOsieSsed a greater competency in fulfilling; the
dutieS that 'have devolved on me in the capacity of
clicirman of: thie association: . In the days of my youth,
early closing was' a thing not believed to be possible,
TradestilenilliOught they should be ruined Were they to
leave their counters for the `shortest interval of business:
Apprentices were expected to grow up with habits which
would, make, them binkrupt traders did they wear 'their
hats any day bats Sunday : and, assistants were. cons
sidered poor.things, indeed, if theyerer had a thought
above business, or a walk that was not after a bad debt.
Roweier, the scene has 'changed. 'New principles have
been discovered. Life has been found to depend on
laws. These laws say that an overworked frame effects
less in a longer time than a robust frame will in a
shOrter. It' is b,ecoine, a '.belief that energy of will is
best restored by salutary 'relaxation. Of -course how
long this relaxation shall be has been a great difficulty
for this associati..m to combat.. One kind of husiness
says one thing„sand another another. • However, one
reasonable way of proceeding has been-adopted that'has
made this association most successful. It has been
careful. to rest only on sound principles. It started
with these principles,=that we will with all our energy
indoctrinate the .public mind-that the system of -late
hours shopping is. vicious; that we will encourage
assistants to make emploVers friendly to the movement
by giving- increased fidelity and zeal in .business ; that we
will never -diverge the interests of the employer from
the employed'; that we won't attempt in any case too
much, but' endeavour to fix in each separate district such
hours of labour as shall be a reasonable improvement' on
those in use, before our association commenced its task.
With a trifling exception or two, the-difficulties of this
movement, have assussed no:other than a most peaceful
form ofssolution. From the day of the general meeting
which formed the Liverpool Early Closing AsSociatiori,
when a board of management was formed, all has been
in successful operation. As this meeting may be consi-
dered somewhat of a gathering: in which to report pro-
gress to its members, I have great pleasure in stating
that its officerssthen appointed have. discharged their
duties with zeal-its snernbers have'centribilted liberally
---4 he press has advocated the claims of the association
continuallyez-bills have been diStributed in thonsands,—
thepublic have been made tO--know and feel- the claims
that this association has on its sympathy and support,
and the public have as liberally responded to its call. I
may just name that the realt,g.ernent of this association
has been simple in its organisation. but complete. It
has,mapped out the- town into districts; it .has formed
district committees whose duties have been to hold
meetings, distribute cards, and solicit 'friends to the
movement, and.. .this agency,.has--greatly succeeded:
'III('SC committees hare frw,a.tjj.nc to time brought before
the association reports; theta reports are now condensed,
and will_be made available for this meeting-to-night, by
gentlemen whom I- shall call on to read them, and
address the meeting. Before I sit down, I feel it 'my
duty, .on the ,part of this association, to thank those
employers who have in any way assisted this movement.
To single out names would be invidious. For with
every new movement to men of business, there is of
necessity certain amount of risk. I'do not doubt that
every business man, by the time he isforty, contemplates
changes from one -system to' another with fear. „Busi-
nesses are now so finely worked, that no unnecessary
expenditure can •be willingly and justly incurred. At
first it-is quite certain that the aspect of reducedhours
of labour seems like an increase of expenditure ; but I
may say it is not so. The most timid need not fear, but
that he will get amply repaid by a. healthier tone of
labour and a more energetic display of , ability
in those whom; he , employs., All I can say is, that I
believe there is no surer way to the bankruptcy court
than long hours and low diet, whilst, there is no better
way to secure a fortune than to work hard in moderate
hours. Of the Saturday half-holiday, not much can Le
said. The' Post-office arrangements, American mails,
and the Custorri-honse regulations seem to reartirecens
sideration before the movement, can be made a steadily
progressive one. Payment of wages on Friday must
become, and is rapidly becoming; a rule. The speech
was much cheered throughout, And Mr. Dawbarn sat
down amid great applause.
From a financial statement read it appeared that
£5l 2s 7d had been received, and £4B 7s 3d expended ;
balance in handy .£2 'lss 4d.
Mr. Davis read the report of the committee for the
central district—comprising Bold-street, Church. street,
Lord-street, and Castle-street—which was as follows:
The central. 'branch of this association •commenced
labours in the beginning of last autumn. Their first
general' fleeting was not attended With that success
which, considering the importance of the district, its
promoters had anticipated. In order to carry the
movement; the difficulties 'to, be overcome were felt to
;be great-so much
,so that the committee -resigned, and
a new one was
,appointed.: . Thefnew committee set
themselves vigorously to the work before them. They
:at once issued a circular requesting the large emplOyers
in the distrik -to unite in closing at a given hour, and
so favourably was this suggestion received by those
to whom it was addressed 'that 'the committee were
encouraged to issue
.another to employers generally,
suggesting to them the adoption of 'six p.m., five
nights' a Week for closing, atid, four p.M. on Satur-
days.
..This suggestion .to clase at four .p.m.. on
Saturdays with many was acceptable, but to meet
all cases; 5 p.m. was substituted ; which, with 6 p,m.
five nights a week, was all' but unanimously approved,'
there being but, one formidable obtjector, who has since
partially conforited to.the above hours. Such being the-
;result of the committee's laborers, they felt satisfied with
their success.; and therefore .it *wag with great regret
that . they witnessed on Saturday last, and also on
Saturday. Week; three large establishments deviating from
theshour which had•been fi:xed by, themselves for closing
on that day. Their reason for .so doing.the committee
are in entire issnorance'oC Before leaving this part of
thesUbject, the committee calinot refiam from most
cordially thanking Robertson Gladstone -and William
Preston, Esqrs., for the able support they have rendered
thtinintheli canvass, and for the-very kind and courteous
whisili'they have attended to all their soli-
citations. , It is with great regret that the committee have
received', thesreaignation of their late chairman, who,
from private reasens,, is compelled to resign. A more
laborious, indefatigable, and zealous 'supporter of the
cruise
is not to_, be found, The committee cannot con-
clude thiss report without impressing upon all present
the importance of making then' pnichases early: In
your hands the matter now rests. On your conducts
depends the issue of this important struggle. Adopt,
then,'hur distriers watchword—" Never shop after five
O'clock p,m. ;,' by so doing, you--the ladies espeCially—
, will convince employers, by a logic more potent and 'a
line of argument more obvious than we can adduce, that
early closing is not inimical to them, but is strictly in
conformity with their interest, and their interest with
the .common; good. ,
, Mr. HETHERINGTON read the report of the committee
for the Toiteth-park district, whirl, was as follows :--
Your committee commenced 'onerations in SePfernber
last. A numerously attended public meeting was' held
in St.• James's.-eSchoolrooni, when resolutions were
adopted for working thia district. Yoni. 'committee
deemed it 'advisable that, as the larger number of
assistants were employed in the drapery business, that
that body of tradesmen should be first solicited to adopt
the system of early eloSing... The deputations appointed
hyfyour committee,. therefore, waited upon the drapers
in this district and were, with two exceptions, most
Cordially received. Up to November, 1859, the early
closing moyemeet,(so far as this district was concerned)
bor,a every token of success, many shopkeepers voluntarily
Closing their establishments at an earlier hour, without
waiting for the concurrence of those in the same line of
business. Of the exceptions already named, one of them,
the proprietor of a large establishment, and the employer
Of a number of assistants, declined Making any concession
icvhatever ; the other declared himself fayourable to
tbee,moyetneut but, .stated that his ,yfung man
jjected to closing earlier than nine o'clock.
'Your committee, through the instrumentality of our
.espectecl president (Mr. Dawbarn), addressed an earnest
ppeal to those two gentlemen, showing them how much
depended upon their assent to the Movement, and hoW,
but, for their obstinacy,' early closing in the 'Toxteth
District would ere now have become an established
Principle. So far, however, these two liberal-minded
individuals have treated our communications with

silence. Your committee beg to express their thanks
to the Rev. S. Alfred SteintTial (one of the patrons of
the association) for his very great kindness in granting
• •

then the use of a committee-room in Bedford-street.
Your committee hive
,to regret the extreme apathy;
exhibited by the'at%3Toaot tradesmen of the district, and
Would urge iipon those. who desire to -,:fdr,Wird the cause.
to send in their names to the secretary without delay,
and not stand aloof as 'they have done. Your con}}-1
mittee, in concluding their report, would most.eainestlyi
entreat the inhabitants of the Toxteth District to' make
• their purchases before seven o'clock.
-BAHR read the report. of the. Committee for
topdqn-road District, 'embracing Lime-street and Isling-
ton, which was, as follows committee of this,
district commenced its labours in the beginning of Sep-'
tember ; and since then has been most asiditous in its
endeavours, but has not met with that success Which its'
efforts and the Object of the association merited. It
would. be. tedious. to enumerate. ell the difficulties and
objections that your committee met with in endeavour-
ing.to. early out its intentions, and establish ,an earlier
and more uniform 'hour of` closing. The majority of
the tradesmen in this district quite agree with
your committee, that it is veip desirable to have
a reform in this matter; and its unsuccessful efforts
are attributed to the want of unity. among the !shop-
keepers, and the little confidence they have in each Other.
Mr. CAVRIt read the report of the committee for Byrom-

street district, embracini also, ScOtland-road 'and Great
' Homer-street, which was as .follows :4—Your committee
watts formed on the. 9th'of August, 1859, aud, .imme-
diately commenced its labours by issuing an appeal to.
the tradesmen of the district, and- carrying out. an active
canvass: They regret to state that they -found the
district in a state far frcim. encouraging, the large
majority closing after nine o'clock, and very few
.before that. hour. • . Your -committee, however, have;
the satisfaction. to state that now great improve-.
went is evident.- The drapers were first canvassed,
and all the leaditio, firms promised, and did corn-.•
mence during •the winter, to close at seven o'clock ;
They, however, requested that the milliners should'
close at eight o'clock ; and all the milliners, save one,.
promised to aid the movement by closing at eight o'clock'
if Unanimity could be obtained: A deputation waited
bpon.this one objeetor,who claimed to be a strong sup-
..

. . .
porter of the movement ; yet he would not close earlier.
Messrs. Robertson and Mason. Adamson and Tapley.
Copk. and Townshend ; and Mr. L: Bradshaw, John
Riley; and Simnel Morris have adhered to the hour of
.seven as the time for closing their establishments
Tnost :days. in the week, except Saturday. A large
-number" of the drapers have, kindly closed at eight,:
and we hope • that during the summer months they
will not alter this hour, except for the better.
The canvass amongst the grocers :has not heen so veiy,
successful. A few, headed-by our excellent friend-of
the cause, Mr. Gebrgre Nickson, hai-e closed before:and
at eight o'clock; and the triajority are here prevented by
the objection of one employer, icho,lias several establish-
ments in the district. The•hattere promised, and in a
great measure have kept their promise, by closing at
eight' :o'clock, or, as' soon after as pbssible. The flour-

dealer are very divided ; some are 'very favourable, and,
in spite of opposing neighbours, close at eight o'clock.
others keep. open trill nine and ten o'clock, and
they are in the majority- The ironmongers :have
agreed . amongst themtelveS to close at *seven, and
on :•Saturdays at nine, and have worthily' 'Performed
their part, and desPive every praise. Your, committee
must congratulate you on the improved feeling in behalf
of the • movement throughout the district; a large
number .of miscellaneous tradesmen having, without
solicitation, commenced to chise earlier than before ; each
of which acts tends much to cause objectors to fall in,
as closed Shops all'around„•;and their own the only one
in-"the full glare of light__and
.buiiness, make them
ashamed of still evincing ,ar opposing spirit. .Your
committee. cannot, close, their report without earnestly
thanking those ladies who have been determined to help •
the movement, by never shopping after seven o'clock.
the consequence of which has been a most remarkable
diminution •of .late shopping. Your committee would
also remark that much more could and would have been
done had more assistants been on the committee ; and

they hope that hereafter. it will be doubly increased,
now that its labours are made public. Your committee,
in conclusion tender their hearty' thanks to the Rev. T.

Danson for the gatuitous use of the schoolroom at the
foot of Gerard-street -ByrTmi-street, for
,the•purpose of
holding•their committee meetings. '
Mr. GEORGE NicKso;sl.theniaddressed the meeting at
some length. The movement had his warmest and
best sympathies,*
,•
Mr. 'GittNri.r.i. then spoke at. great length, 'and we
regret that space prevents us from givingthis eloquent
and able addres.l - • .
Mr. I. OLivta. Jowts, solicitor, Castle-Street, next
addressed the meeting.
After the usual votes of thanks to the chairman, the
ladies, &c.,-the.tneeting broke. up.
A memorial to' the Mayor, in favour of closing the
markets earlier, lay for signature at the door.
, The band of the 4th division of. the Artillery
Volunteers - played some excellent pieces. during the
evening. The tea was furnished by Mr. Milbourn.

LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE OF
NATIONAL SCHOOLS AT TRANMERE.

There has been a marked distinction, it appears, in the
growth of popuiation and of ducatioual institutions in
the township of •Tranniere. Whilst the number of the
. .

inhabitants Las been doubled and quadrupled; seminaries
for the instruction of the masses have been,'comparativoly
speaking, but little' increaSed.. Thousands . of working
men have made their homes on the hills of. Traninere,
whose sons and daughters have had to,: trudge morning
and evening to the neighbouring townships, or cross
the . Mersey, for their education. To remedy this
defect a committee was formed, consisting of 'the
Revs:. B. 'Arthure, M.A., incumbent ;• ,R. B
Lane, 8.A., and William ,Marsden, ;8.A., curates of
St: -Catherine's Church ; and Messrs. W. ,Myeis,-.W.
Wright, W. 'E. ilinde,,' James Gill, M. Scott, E.
Broomhall, and J. 'Harding;—Nressrs. 0: .Billingo and
E. Willoughby acting as secretary and treasurer.
These':gentlemen have worked indefatigably; the St.
Catherine's National -Sehools, now about to i;e erected,
are among the results of their labours. They are ,to be
erected on the Holt, and the following ,are, the di,rnen-
sions of the•profiosed.buildings schoolroom; 77
feet by 18; girls' schoolroom, 66 by I'B' .; and the infants'
schoolroom, 39 by 20 feet. Connected with the bpys'
and girls' schoolrooms, will be two class rooms of IS
feet by 14 feet each. The, playground measures 182
feet by 36. feet. Mr. Walter Scott is the architect, and
Mr. J. Hogarth the builder.

The foundation-stone was successfully laid yesterday
afternoon.' The weather turned out favourably. -Flags
decorated the streets, and the place was. enlivened . by
the brass band of the Akbar Reformatory Ship.
The ceremony of laying the foundation-stone, took
place about three o'clock, in the presence of a large
number of ladies and gentlemen,' and the blasseS'"For
whom the schools.are intended. A hymn was sung,
and prayer said ;.'then the Rev. B. Arthure..M.A:, made
a lon.- speech, in which he reviewed the history of the
township since the year 1841; when" it appears the
inhabitants numbered 2554. Iu 1851 they lead increased
to 6519. In 1852 the first effort to erect schools was
made, The Lord of the Manor, Major Orred, generously
gave the site,
on which St. Paul's Schools now • stand.
St. Catherine's district has hitherto remained without
schools; and application was made again-to the Major,
who -liberall,*gave the present site, which inpasurts
1.000 square yards. A building Onnunittee'waiforrned.
The.. ladies „greatly assisted
_:l2y,_&-bazaar. the
donorS towards the schools were-lklr. John Orred, who
gave £25; and.Catain V. A. Kiiie,iiirho gkve £lOO.
laid the foundation stone. The trowel
whCaiclpitl!in Kitroweleused was a magnificent one, and has been pre-
sented to him by the building, committee. A brass
plate, having. upon it the date• and the names of the
members of ,the committee,. was placed. under the stone.
made. a!long speech,. in the course of
heNCvahpictahill
K'stated • that, although he had not, been bOrn
in Tram:acre, his father and grandfather were so.
Personally, he had spent his happiest hours in the
township.
A dinner at the Castle :Hotel terminated the o-
ceedings.

ARY SCHEFFER'S' PICTURE OF THE
-TEMPTATION IN THE WILDERNESS.

The private view of a great work by a great Franco-
German painter took place, yesterday, at Messrs. Agnew's
gallery, in the Liverpool and London 'lnsurance Build-
ings. It is the Temptation in the Wilderness, painted
by Ary Scheffer, and the-property of the French Govern-
ment. The moment selected for .representation, is that
'in which Satan, having taken Christ up to the top 'of
" an exceeding high mountain and shown him all the
kingdoms of the earth and the glory of them," says,
"all these will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and
worship me." To which Christ replied, " Get thee
behind me, Satan. Thou shalt worship the Lord thy
God and him only shalt thou serve." The works of
this artist are well known from the number displayed:in
the Manchester Exhibition, and others in the possession
of Me Navler, and Mr. Aikin, of this town, and Which
hate" been freely 'exhibited at Mr. Grundy's rooms and
elsewheie. His" Christ the Comforter" (christus t'on-
solator ), has also been for a long time a popular print.
The eharacterof his:paintings is'that.which,in alavotirite
painter, is considered a peculiar style, but in an unpopular
man would be called manlier. The figures are academi--
cally well drawn, and made out almost as if copied from
sculpture. The
,drapery is equally stiff and formal,
there is no attempt at eltitcr'oseurn or colour, even when
the'development of the subject would be aided by it ;
but, as in the Christiana Art School of Munich, the
subjects depend entirely hir their effect upon the lintuan
expression and character therein. Knowing this to be
the principle of, art adopted by the ;painter, we must
criticise his work from the same point bf view ; and,
much as we may he disposed in. regret the absence
that solemnity which Rembrandt •would have impacted
by mysterious effects of light and shade, or which Titian
would have suggested by his power over-colour, we must
look at Ary Scheffer's piety:re as he has endeavoured ti
execute it as a sculpturesque group dependent only
on intelleetnal 'character and expression. wholly
unassisted by " the blandishments of art," •which, in'
the shape of, colour and chiar'oseuro, are considered
by the Christian Art school .to have deluded even
Raffaelle- himself, from the higher character of his
subjects. But, making every allowance for the absence
of these qualifications of art, and looking at this work
as a development only of the intellectual character .of
the subject, we must. confess to disappointment and want
of satisfaction. There is no temptation. That the
humanity of Christ alone was appealed to in the offer of
worldly glory we may admit, and be contented with the
"Son of Man" that Ary Scheffer" has represented;
but that Satan should have expected any man, on
any terms, to have fallen down to worship such
. a vulgar, powerless animal, as the shape in which
he has presented himself, is more than we can
possibly: bring to our apprehensions. Intellectually
considered,' it is a mistake, and a mistake which
offers no, advantage to atone for the degradation' it
inflicts on the work of a great man, as undoubtedly Ail,
Scheffer was. We have heard that the picture, which
is the Jut he had in hand, is scarcely to be considered
completed. _We can only hope that he would have
altered his misconception of :the subject, - •

!I- 'VI

ITVER-560L POLICE - COURT.—TESTERDAY.
- (*fore Mr, 1141:FIZW,)-
ST,Ortrti.a.-4ames. 8 wainson, .seatnamiliftt itiblatged
,tt - .
with stabbing Andrew Olsson., beer and boarding-hotist
keeper, Denison-street. -The prisoner was a boarder at
the house.: FoiSome 'unexplainerd reason Olsson desired
hinif•fliree-days ago, to quit. . On :Wednesday aright
,he
returned to the honse and stahbeellolsson on the nose,
producing a wound an inch in length., Several witnesses
were called; and the prisoner was committed to the.
sessions ,fair trial.
PASSING COUNTERFEIT Cont.—Mary A. Waters,
woman of questionable character, was charged. with.
attempting to pass a bad half-crown to Ellen Fazackley,.
22, Standish-street, on the 22nd inst. The money was,
offered iii paythent far sorae,potatoes. There were two'
other charges against :the prisoner. On the 14th of
February she offered a bad half-crown. piece to' Mary
,Ann Austin, 26, .Clarence-street; and on the sth -Of'
'January she passed a .bad shilling to a Mrs. Jones,
residing at 32, Lord-street. Remanded.
A CHAIWE or,.Sicrtaxso Mosr.t.----An old woman,
named Mary Wall, was brought up on a charge of
stealing. £l9, the property of James Ryan. Ryan, it
appears, gave the Money to the prisoner on the 20th
instant for safety, and she refused to return it. The
offence is not recognised by the law; therefore the
prisoner w'as dismissed.
ILLEGALLY PLEDGING A COAT. —James Pollock was
charged with illegally pledging a coat, worth £3 10s.,
the property of John Newton. The article was pledged
at Mr. Woodruff s, for 7s. Remanded.
SMUGGLING CIGARS. —Two foreigners, named I
and Galvanti, of the ship Edward°, were charged. With
sinuggling- 25 lbs. of cigars. Freeman, boatman, in the
s.rvice of the Customs, boarded the vessel in the river;
on the 23rit 'March ; rummaged her,'and found among
a quantity of firewood, in the fore-peak, the smuggled
,articles, which the prisoners immediately claimed. Mr.
Tyndall, who appeared on behalf of the Crown, did not
press the charge, and Mr. Raffles stated that on account)
of the prisoners being foreigners he would recommend,!
in the proper quarter, ,a mitigationof the penalty—£loo.l
STEALING AN UMBRELLA. —James Jordan. pleaded
guilty to a charge of stealing from a public-house in
Wood-street, kept by.a Mrs. Francis, an umbrella worth
10s., the Property of a man named Lewis Manganto ;
and ,was sent to gaol:for two months.
SuAt.ictors.-1,--John Whally, said to be the companion
of proStitutes,.was brought up on suspicion of having
stolen a £2O note. About twelve o'clock on
.Wednesday
night the prisoner, in company with a woman, who has,
not been apprehended, :desired several public-house'
keepers to change the mite. A publican named David'
Eaves, residing in William Henry-street, gave evidence,l
and the prisoner. was remanded. '
, A PRINTER TEAMING Music.—Prederick Pornisa.
.was charged. with stealing a trowsers worth ss. from,
Frederick Hagglestern. The prosecutor, a German,;
stated that he was a printer, and the prisoner, who is'
also a German, was his apprentice indentured to learn'
the art of music.- He gave him board and lodging and!
6d. per week. The offence was ' proved, and the'
prisoner was sentenced to, anionth'slimprisoriment.
STEALING OIL CAKE.—An old woman, named Lucy;
Taylor, was- charged with stealing a quantity of oil-cake,
from the quay, the property of Messrs.' Rosinson and
Son. PC. 393 saw the offence Committed yesterday,;
Committed to gaol for two months.
CARRYING A PART OF A CARGO ON DECK.—John
,Ritchie, captain of the shfii Hamilton Gray, was charged
with conveying a quantity of deal on the deck of the
vessel, thereby rendering himself liable to a penalty'
not exceeding £lOO. Mr. Tyndall appeared on
behalf of the Crown ; and Mr. Cobb defended. The
proce.edingS were instituted in accordance with 173rd sec.,
chap. 107 of'the 16 and 17 Victoria. Mr. Tyndall applied
for an adjournment of the case, to which Mr. Cobb
objected, and it was ultimately gone into. The vessel
arrived from the Bay of Fundy, in the New River, on
the coast of,New Brunswick, with a cargo of deals; and on.
,Tuesday night she was boarded by Richard- Robinson, tide
surveyor, who found three tiers of timber forty feet in length
stowed in the front poop, and a quantity of deals on
each side of t<he deck.—Mr. Cobb contended. that the
timber was placed aboard in order to trim the vessel
for the voyage ; and Mr. Raffles called his attention
to -sec. 171 of the Act, which allows the master of
a vessel to remove cargo from the hold to the deck
when the vessel has been damaged, or damage
-is -apprehended.- 'A number of witnesses were called for
the ,defence, who stated that the timber was; placed, on
deek in 'order to render the vessel seaworthy; the 'car-
penter, stated that, had not the timber been put aboard,
the 'crew would have steered clear of the ship. Mr.
Raffles felt perfectly satisfied with respect to the case ;
his duty was-to interpret 'the act of. Parliament, and he
fined the defendant in the mitigated penalty of £5 and
costs.

(Before Messrs. HOUGHTON and PEEL.)
WAGES CAsEs.—Captain James Calhorn, of the
James-Smith, was, summoned at the instance of 'James
Watt, for non-payment of £9 4s. 2d.; halance of wages.
Mr. Carr appeared for the complainant, and Mr. Black
for the defendant. The !claimant shipped in the James
Smitk as an able seaman for £2 155.. per month. The
vessel proceeded,to ..New,Otleans and Mobile ; and on
the outward passage the.. captain eiseovered that the
complainant was incompetent to discharee his duties.
He was distated to the rank of .an ordinary seaman.
The Bench awarded 2s. Captain Calhorn was
also summoned by. John Powell. the -steward, for „.-CIP
14s. Bd. Powell shipped for £4 per month in the James
Smith, . and he too was found incompetent. When
disrated, he. told the captain that he had a paralytic
stroke some years ago, which had disabled him for life.
Mr. Tyndall, who appeared for the complainant, con-
tended that this feet was known to the•captain previous
to- his going to sea: Mr. Black, on the part of the
defendant; denied if; and the "Bench awarded £2, ss.
per month, stating that they considered that the defen-
dant was amply pai2.

TRANSFER OF LICENSES.
, .....„ ...___.
--"" -s--rWeEr.., . FROM To
Albert-street Anti Mark James Tarbuek.
Argyle-street George Hullin Elia% Bueuris.
°Bevington-hill . . ..... Vuis. Pierpont William Finch.
Blenheim-street William Evans : James Holly Ward.
°B tle-lane . jamaes Bradshaw Jas. Bradshaw (ex).
Brownlow-hill Thos. Wilkinson ...JoFeph Lewis.
Christian-street roiin Cross • ' Tom Chadwick, _
C}-press-street Wm. Warren (dec.).Marearet Warren.
Dale-street . W., M. Curtis • Robert Fair.
Denison-street F. R. Simpson ......John Thorn.
• 's Derby •ed,'Everton William Glover Samuel Bather.
Devon-street Agnes Singleton Matthew Green.
Dickenson-street Baxter Riley John Dixon.
Duncan-street ,...R. F. 'Milligan John Bolton.
Enworth-street W B. Bearn Martin Greenfield.
°Falkland-street Elizi:beth Waugh ...Alfred Berrington.
*Gascoyne-street John M'Einnell Thomas Smallwood.
Gerard-street Thos.. Armitstead ...John Hirst.
Gibraltar-rosy i, .... T. Partington (dee. ).Sarah A. Partington.
Great'lliehmond-st Wm. Sanderson Thomas Walsh.
I.l.tath.street.....---Luke Rees ...... ... —Thomas Campbell.
litiml-stre-et - ---Mie2a-fel Ch irlton David Rowell.
King-st., li,rkdale ...Gecrge Bird David Rawsthorn.
Lambert-street
,_, , Ti tunas Gilkerson, Sarah Puff _
Lithekilii-line ,Williini Finch .......E izabeth A.Battley.
Limekiln-lane Win. H. Salisbury ._John Duggan.
Murray-street ' George-Elston John Goodburn.
North-street ...... .....Ththnas Llbyd foam Sampson..
Pair-mall Richard Wright Henry Summers.
Park-lane James Tarback Thes "Jas. Tarbuek.
Park-street James Jolly Ward... James Pye.
Regent-road William Lawson 'Sidney Bowerbank.
Richmond-street Richard Neale Peter Travis.
Richmond-strut James Cook - 11Lrik Brahara.
Richmond-mw James Barton Hugh Cowell.
Scotland-read Henry Em-ry Robert Meeson.
Strand-street
Vauxhall-roadW. 31. Townson Baxter Miley,
Vernon-street ' i .John Dixon Eleanor Knight.
Wood-street Henry Britton . Samuel M`Donnell.
. . axmovaL.
John Whitty from Hackin's-hey to 93, Cornwall-street.
The • represent the number of times the keepers of the
house's have been fined by the magistrates.

PARLIA-AIENTARY COMAII'ITEE -ON
-. MERCHANT SHIPPING.

This committee met again on Wednesday ; Mr. Hors-
fall
in the chair.
The examination
of Mr. Lamport, of Liverpool, was
resumed.
In questions by Mr. Lindsay, he stated that
with condition of the shipping trade thirty
rregepalryd t 7 to gthe i
co
years ago, and what it was now, he could
not' venture to
speak of generally.; he could speak from his ownile
recol-
lection of it at Liverpool. • At that time t
r.
Brand, of 800 'tons, was the largest ship entering atrhi
ea
port. The timber trade with the colonies was at that
time carried on almost exclusively in ships of from 300
to 400 tons. It-was not carried on in ships of 1000 kons
and upwards. Thp vessels to the west coast. of lbuth
America were generally of from 120 to 150 tons.' A,vessel of
200 tons was considered a large vessel. The trade was now
carried on in ships of about 500 tons. He remembered,
also. that when a merchant sent an order to Now Bruns-
wick to' build a ship 0f.467 tons register everybody said
he was mad. Shins of 2,000 tons register were' now
built there, and dij not excite any surprise: There was
no clOubt that the repeal of the navigation laws was
inimediately followed by wonderful improvements in the
building of ships. He did not feel disposed to go back
to the'old'state of things which existed before the repeal
Of the navigation laws ; he thought that repeal was a
commercial necessity, and he did not believe that the
interests of the country would have permitted the
existence of that state of things much longer.. His
opinion was that if the navigation laws had not been
repealed there would have been • more British tonnage,
but'hellid not think they. wOuld have been able to.man
their ships with British sailors. He never knew a sailor
. of thirty years of age who was not anxious to leave the
sea it' he could find anything to do on shore. There was
nd difficulty in getting any number of boys for the sea
when they were .wanted but they were not such as he
should choose to take as apprentices. On the subject of
compulsory apprenticeships, lie should 'like to put in a
memorial *drawn up by himself, and presented to the
President of: the. Board of Trade by the Liverpool ship-
owners seine time ago, pointing out the objections which
existed, to compulsory apprenticeship.
Mr. Lamport was then gliestioned as to the American
coasting trade, and, said it appeared to him that the trade
bet Ween the United Kingdom and her distant depen-
dencies was very • much the same as the trade between
state and state of the American Confederation. He
thought that when We'opened the trade from Calcutta to
London to American ships, we might fairly have asked
the Americans .to open the trade from New York to Cali-
fornia to. British ships. On that occasion a golden oppor-
tunity of obtaining that concession was lost,. If it had
beenniade-a. condition, when we opened the trade between
(;Jr .possessions in 'the • East and England, that the
Americans should have
,opened their coasting trade, be
believed they would has done so. He was not without.
hope that the Americans themselves would, by-and-bye,
insist,on the removal of the restrictions which now
existed ; for, in the recent discussions in Congress, the
question of the subsidies granted to the lines of ocean
steamers had disclosed &strong feeling against,the present
protection given to the American shipowners. When
the Americans opened the Whole of their trade to us,
• with the exception of the coasting . trade, possibly, their
reason for not including the coasting trade was that we
did not open.ours until four years afterwards. .The
American system was to give to any foreign nation that
which any foreign nation ,would give to America.
The committee, at the conclusion of this witness's
examination, adjoiirned.

' Duvrit, CAsmE.--Government is nut alone mindful of
the budget and pocketing the penny iricome-tax extra,
but has an eye to the pictorial, and to saving the historical
of the country. ,At the , representation of a
gentlemen connected with the locality of
landmarkss)f
nutitber
'given that while the works
fortificationoe rders
h
v itit b
are goingeen on the ancient churCh of
DoverlD.°° rvte hi
Castle shall be preserved from decay, and; if
practicable,! put into repair for service. It dales as far
back, according to.the chronicles that are left us to refer
to, as standingan the second century of. the Christian era,
so that it will be interesting to have worship celebrated
in a locality Which-was- "among the earliest to hear the
tenets of our religion.—Leeds Mercury.

GENERAL,. NEWS:

---The'-death of the -widow o the late General Sir "arrn.
'Napier is announced.
Msociation for the Repeal of the- 'Toes on
Knowledge hgs issued a statement on the rag question.
At the annttal ineeting of the Chartered Banii of
India, Australia, and aim. held yesterday, a dividend
-at'the rate of per cent. per attnnnt was declared.
As an instance of miscarriage, owing to the want of
leaihility, badly-directed letters intended for "Belgravia".
-
have riot unfrequently been sent to " Belgrade."
Trit DiNsEn..--,The Speaker 'wave his,
ninth Parliamentary full-dress dinner on Wednesday
evening to a select circle of noblemen mid gentlemen.
The Prussian Government has determined to assemble
troops in camps occasionally, as in France, in order to
form the men to military habits.
•
, SNO.WFALI, AFRICA.—The41i* rica ?n of CvuJ
stantina, in Algeria, of the 16th, states that for six and
thirty hiatirs snow had been falling heavily, and that-the
fall was coutiuuing.
GAvAZzi IN ITALY.—We read in a Florence letter
Gavazzi is in Florence, and has been for the last tiv*-0.05
three months, endeavouring all the time; and always in
vain, to share in the great work.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince
Consort', and the youthful members of. the Royal family;
leave Buckingham Palace on Monday next for Windsor
Castle; 'to pass the Easter holidays.
~'ZasT nook .the.birthS of 9lXl3byinlid-.92-,7*girls`;`in
all
1,845 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corre_sponding weeks_ of the years 1850-59 the average
riabi .nur was 1,702.
Mr. W. Esson, who gained the Oiford senior mathe-
matical scholarship, was a pupil of Cheltenhitm-.Grammar
School, on praceeding from which he at once gained a
valuable open scholarship. - .
Henry Francis Richardson, solicitor, after 'being
further examined on Wednesday on charges of embezzle-
ment- while acting as secretary to the -Landau- Rifle
Brigade, was finally committed for trial.
The Times says that, reckoning exports and impolis,
and including specie cf all kinds, the external trade
of Great Britain may probably now be estimated at
£400,000,000 sterling per annum.
At the annual meeting, on Wednesday, of the Atlantic
RoYal Mail Steam Navigation Company the report and,
statement of accounts were adopted. Dr. Gray, of
Dublin, was unanimoxsly re-elected a director. _
MR. CORDEN.—This gentleman will rillturn to London
on Monday next. His departhre front! _ Paris is delayed
by,an invitation to dine with M. kouher, the 'Minister
of Commerce, and his colleagues. '
DECLINE or COMMERCE IN From a
statistical return•respecting -Russian commerce, drawn
up in the department of Foreign Affairs of Belgium, it
. appears that the imports and exports of Russia were
less' in 1858 than in 1857. •
A, meeting ef the principal,inhabitants of -the district
was held 'at the Tewn-hall, Leeds,. on :Saturday, tinder
the presidency of the Mayor, for the purpose of inviting
the Royal Agricultural Society to hold its meeting in
Leeds in' 1861. • • • •
TILE YIELD OF GOLD.—According to the official
documents analysed by..-the Journal . des .Debats, pre-
viously to 1848, there was in circulation about
14,000,000,000 f. worth of gold, and the present amount.
is 22,000,000,000 f., and the weight .is about 7,333 tons.
The captain of the British schooner Gazelle Meshed
was charged at the Canary Islands lay the Spanish
authorities there. with selling warlike stores to Barbary,
and grossly insulted. He disproved the accusation before
the authorities. 4 I
At Edinburgh, Robert Martin was charged nth
breaches.of the excise laws, which bad rendered him
liable to a fine of £3,700. The charges were held to
hare been proved, and the full amount of penalty men-
tioned was. adjudged.
A WARNING TO P.nasces.,--At the last sitting of *the
Hanoverian Chamber, M. ile.Benningsen said :—" It is
the arbitrary conduct of the police which has driven the

Italian princes from their thrones, and reduced them to
beg for an asylum in Europe."

The destruction of old Westminster bridge was com-
menced on Tuesday by the removal of the macadamised
surface of the carriage-road: on the western portion of
the bridge. Three houses in 13ridge-street re-to-be-sold
f6rthwith, in order that the approach may be completel.
A very handsome testimonial, consisting of a beauti-
fully ornamented and compact walnut-wood stationery
case, was presented to the' Rev. Canon Champneys, on
-Monday evening last, by the members of thesastern
branch of the Church of England Young Men's Society.
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—A special general meeting
of this society was held on. Tuesday, at the house of the
Society of Arts, John-street, Adelphi, for the purpose of
electing various candidates who had, been proposed for
the fellowship ; the Earl of Dude, vice-president, in the
cliair. .

EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS AT BRUSSELS.—An ex

hibition of flowers of the Royal Floral Society of
Belgium has just.been opened in the large saloon of the
Botanic Gardens at Brussels. The King► of the Bolgians,
who is patron of s the society, visited the exhibition on
Saturday.

THE gUNS Or MILAN.—A, letter from Turin in the
Union says :—An unpleasant. scene occurred a few days
ago. at Milan. The nuns of the Order of the Sacred
Heart did not illuminate their house as a mark of
rejoicing for the-annexation of Tuscany, and the mob
broke the windows.

A. petition has been presented for the winding up of
the Phoenix Life 'Assurance Company and Marine Office,
Of Leadenhall-street, London, and Manchester-buildings,
Liver-05?r, fo-be beard on the 21st of April next, the
petitioner being a. director. The principal clnims arise
by underwriting marine risks, which are understo4lp
/ Abe considerable. :I 4-
r. Phillips was handing in his indictment to the
clerk of indietmepts in the civil court nt..Devizes, when,
to the consternation of" those ah-6ut him, he suddenly •
dropped to the ground, and almost immediately expired.
In the course' iof the daple-a4rOner's.jtrry was sum-
moned, when a verdiA of " Death from apoplexy" was
returned. .
THE DANGERS OF CRINOLINE.—On Saturday night,
a girl named Martha Dempster, aged twelve, was nearly
scorched to death in consequence of her dress, which was
projecting considerably owing to the crinoline she wore,
having caught fire while she was removing a saucer from
the kitchen fire-side in her mother's house.
A correspondent writes to the Yorth _British. Daily
mat as follows :—" I am sure you. will contradict the
statement' inade in your
"paper relative to the family _o f
tle- Duke of Buceleuch. The younger sons' are still
members, of the Scottish Episcopal Church lik
, ewisc
all the "nienibet S Of the family." -
AUSTRIAN OPINION' OF PitrsizA..—The Ost-Deutsche
Post of 'Vienna says :—"_lf it were the custom to throw
bouquets and crowns to diplomatists as well as artists,
we should be incliued t9lgivq- Baron de Schleinita a
small crown of laurel for the admirable part he
,plays in
the despatch No. 21 of the last English Blue-book
relating to Italy." ,
ROMAN. INSCRIPTIONS ZNATIRICA,74I)O telkbar of
Algiers states that in pulling down an old Arab house
at Constantin aca, few
,days -thq, foAloying.inscrip-
tion .was'folind

oiKoc KOINHC
FONTEIOROM.
Whiph means "Sleeping-hone of the Fonteiil"
The Earl of Carlisle has appointed Mr. Thomas Dil-
lon Fitzgerald, sub-inspector of constabulary (first-class),
a resident magistrate to
,be stationed at Clifden, in the
county of Galway. The system lately initiated of pro-
moting efficient constabulary officers to the stipendiary
bench has given great satisfaction, and, if properly
carried out, will no doubt work well.
ABOLITION OF SUNDAY FUNERALS.—The burial
board of St. Pancras held a mentine. at St. Pancras
Vestry-bpjor the purpose of, considering a memorial
which had been presented to them, numerously' signed
by undertakers, praying for the discontinuance of Sun-
day interments! in thn bemeteikiat Finchley. After
considerable discussion the resolution was put and
ne;.•atiyed. • - • ••• <1 .5 '-
E
BOUNTIES TO SEAMEN ENTERING THE ROYAL NAVY.

—Tuesday iiight's Gazette
.contains an order icouncil
unciv
to they which -Slates that such bounties should, so far as t.,
relate to able and ordinary seamen, be continued be
paid from the 31st 'day of March instant, the time
limited for payment of the said bounties
, of £4 for able
seamen and .£2 for ordinary seamen, will he extended to
the 31st day of March, 1861, inclusive.
On the second reading of Refreshment Houses and
Wine Licenses Bill, Mr. Ayrton will move, "That it is
inexpedient
to impose a new tax on houses for,The sale
of unintoxicating refreshment, and to promote the con-
sumption of intoxicating drink, by •giving increased
facilities for retailing the same, and by diminishing the
control now exercised by justices of the peace over
houses kept for 'that purpose."
THE HARVEST IN WALLACHIA.—The Annales die
Commerce Exterieur states that, in Wallachia, the year
18.58 was a bad one for grain, the total exports from the
different pprts having
.only been 3,8,02,788 .hectolitrii,
or 1,306,828 Eriglishcquarters. The Principal ports from
which the exports were made were---LBraila, Giurgevo,
and Tournoul. The English quarter is equal
tb 294
llumboldt wrote to Varnhagen, on 7th March, 1858,
to the following effect :—" I presume, my, dear friend,
that you have not seen the indiscreet bud most useless
book,by the MarqUis of Normanby (A Year of Revolif-
tion, 'two \'ol'S., J. ondon). shall not return it to Lady
Bloomfield without having offered it to YOU first, , Look
it over *with the help of the register, and return it to
me. in four or five days. It describes a badly-acted,
comedy.—Your most attached, Ilmipou3r."
After the reception of the deputations of themobles br
the Emperor of Russia, CountPanin` addressed them Pi'
some tithe, and declared that in all his -priceedings:
carrying out the duties of his'office he.should follow in
the footsteps of M. Rosstolizoff. He also asserted that.
people were in error in supposing him to be an opponent
of the views of the Emperor, and to be inimical to the
project of emancipation ; for that although he 'possessed
17,000 serfs,'.he should be ready to make any sacrifice
Which the future welfare of the empire required.
, Sparttug 3nteitigtitct.

S - I ESTERDAY.
TORIFIIiiiiiI7I6*.RACE -
MILI'TARY' CUP.
Hermit . ...................... .. : ........... • ........ ..... .....................
.Mannion ..............
Horniblow . ....

Nine ran.
MATCH : Rector won. •
• SWEEPSTAKES of 10 sons.
Premier. . .• .......... : .............. .......................
Luck's All .........................
,
Busy Bee ................ . .......................................

S n•en ran.
SWEEPSTAKES of 5 says.
...
light ran. .

Chance.
Oakball

LATEST BETTING.
TATT ERSALL'S.
Ctry asp' SUURBAN : 500 to 30 aest Odo, taken.
asst Satellite and Odo, taken.
CHESTER CUP : 30 t 9 1 each a,ff
2,000 GuINeAS : 250 to 100 aget Buccaneer, taken ; 200 even
betted on Lord Portsinoath and Wizard agst the field ; offers
made to take 2,000 to 100 abut Brother to Rainbow.
'. nor,
DERBY 1,0 oto 2 agst Resles, taken ;40to 1 age
t ken ; 1,000 to 25 agst King of Piamonds ; 1,000 to 10 agst
Sabreur, taken.
MANCHESTER.
CHESTER CUT.: 100 ID 6on the, field, Offered; 20 to 1 agst
Longrange, wanted ; 20 to 1 agst Odo ; 22 to 1 agst Anollyon,
taken ; 30 to 1 agst Blue, Ruin, taken ; 40 to 1 agst Lifeboat,
offered.
CITY AND StRURBAN 10 to lon the field, offered ; 11 to 1
agst Yoicks, taken; 12 to 1 agst Udo, offered; 50 to Lagst
Remunerator, taken.
2,000 GUINEAS: 90 t, 40 agst Buccaneer, offered; 4 to 1 agst
Wizard, taken ; 10 to 1 agst King of Diamonds, taken ; 100. to
6 aget Brother to Rainbow, taken.

--COUNTY MEETI\ G.

Tf
At the adjourned annual General Session for the
Coanty.of Lancaster; held yesterday at Preston, Lord
Stanley was unanimously elected chairman; and, by a
Majority, Mr. Henry Alison treasurer, for the county.

POPE TO KING VICTOR ENIMANUEL.—" The
project of your Majesty tiet forth in your letter is
unworthy 'of a Christian prince; and particularly of a
;, prince of the Rouse of Savoy. Your Majesty has already
incurred the censure* of the Church, and on the first
news of the atmelation i will dirct its-thunders against
you and yours. It only remains fur me to pray the Lord
that He may give you race to repent of your sins, and
to turn from the ;evil you are doing to the Church and to
Italy."

NEW SPECIES OF HONEY BEE.-At a meeting, of the
_Apiarian Society, held the other evening'at the house-of
the Entomological Society, the -secretary described the
successful introduction into this country of a distinct
species of honey bee—the Api,i L;gthstica, or Ligurian
bee. It is regarded as of great value, as an abundant
.honey collector, and has been recently introduced into
Germany with great success. Colonies of the new species
were stated to be at work at the Apiary of the Society,
Muswell-hill, and also in Devonshire.