The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-10-18 00:00:00

AMERICA.

QUEENSTOWN, Oct. 17.
The Liverpool, New York, and City of Phila-
d arrivede l p hia
here
this Company
morning, s
nigscrewn, - steamer Edinburgh
bringing 206 passen-
gers and $17,000 in specie. She left New, York
at noon of the 6th, and passed the City of Balti-
more on the 7th, bound west. The 2dinburgh's
news generally anticipated.
, -------
ARRIVAL OF HER MAJESTY.
GRAVESEND, Oct. 17, 5 pm.
Her Majesty, Prince Consort, Princess Alice,
.and • suite, have arrived, and immediately pro-
-ceeded to the North Kent Railway station, en
route for Windsor. Weather very fine. The
town decorated as on her Majesty's departure.
Lord John Russell returned with her Majesty.

The following appeared in our later editions o
yesterday .

FRANCE.
The Paris correspondent of the Times gives
currency to a rumour that the proclamation of
Victor Emmanuel was sent from Paris, in French,
composed,
corrected, revised, and ready for issue.
The Daily News, referring to the authentic
report of Count Cavour's speech, says it differs
most satisfactorily from the versions first given.
Count Cavour did not say a word about the
question of new cessions to France having been
mooted.

Mr. Shaw Lefevre has retired from the contest at.
Reading.
Diplomatic relations arc becoming every day less
friendly between the French Government and the Swiss
Confederation.
The Post's Paris correspondent tekgraphq, that it is
rii?vt, more than doubtful whether the corps cliplomatique
will
saes':.
the Emperor of Anssln in his journey to
The Court Circular states that on gandaf, white at
Brussels, Queen Victoria was confined to her room with
a cold, accompanied with sore throat. Her Majesty is
expected to disembark at Gravesend to-day.
The,accounts from Sydney report the stoppage of
Messrs. Furlong and Kennedy, Mr, D. A. Cobb, and
Mr. A. Chandler. The first-mentioned firm are millers,
and the two latter store-keepers. The liabilities in each
case were below £15,000.
Mr. J. P. Hennessy; M.P., presided last night at a
meeting of Catholics held for promoting a subscription
for a sword of honour to General Lamoriciere. Consi-
derable subscriptions were announced. The surplus is
to be distributed amongst the brigade from Great
Britain and Ireland, who fought under the Pope's flag.

MERSEY DOCKS AND HARBOUR BOARD.

The weekly meeting of this board was held yesterday,
a day earlier than usual, to admit of such of the mem•
tiers as choose joining in the procession this morning.
Mr: Charles Turner presided and the other members
present were Messrs. Sniith, Varn*orth, Laird; Jiubbaca,
Datbyshire, Model; Inman. Rounthwaite, }Julien,
Arnold, Rankin; Grates, Htttchison,Brockleliank, Shand,
Littledale, Moss, Lockett, Segdr, Evans, and Langton.

THE WORKS

it appeared.from the proceedings of this committee
that a deputation from the Steam-ship Owners' Asso-
ciation had attended, and having fully stated their
views as to the width and mode of constructing the
sheds for the new branch steam dock, east of the Hug-
kisson Dock, it was resolved that the plan submitted be
approved of, at an estimated cost of £21,700. The
question of a shed on the north quay of the same dock
having been considered, it had been moved by Mr.
Brocklebank, and seconded by the Chairman, that it be
80 feet in width. On this it had been moved by Mr.
Rankin, seconded by Mr. Holm, that the shed be 65
feet Wide: The amendment had been carried by a
majority of 5 to 1; and tlioEngirteer had been instructed
to furnish an estimate of the , It saa 'recommended
that the tender of Mr. James Jack he nedepted to 00-
vide and fix 20 turn-tables (of 13 feet) for the kitken.-
head dock quays, for the sum of £l5O each.
Mr. BROCKLEBANK havin° moved, and Mr. Bushell
seconded the confirmation orthe proceedings,
Mr. INiktitx moved that the proceedings of the com-
mittee, so far as relates to the width of the shed on the
north quay of the (hick be not confirmed, but that it be
an 80 feet shed. The Docks and Quays Committee
were unanimous that an 80 feet shed should be con-
structed. After that the plans were sent to the Steam-
ship Owners' Associations and they decided that with one
or two exceptions as to the openings in the walls, they
were as near perfeCtion as could be, The association
did not put themselves forward in the matter, hilt had
been invited to give their opinion. With the idea that
there would eventually be another steam-dock to the
north, they were asked would two sheds of 80 feet wide
be sufficient, with a roadway of 30 feet *between them.
The association were unanimous that a' 65 feet shed
would be insufficient for their wants.
Mr. ROUNTHWAITE seconded the amendment.
Mr. RANKIN said that having moved that the width
of the sheds be 65 feet, he should offer a few explana-
tions as to his views. It was contemplated to have, at
no distant day, three steam docks on the Huskiswon
ground; and if they had the sheds of that width, they
should limit unduly both the width of the roadway and
of the quays.
Mr. Sitiostn supported the motion for 80 feet. They
might put a 60 feet shed about the new dock, when it
was formed.
Mr. SMITH gave notice that he should, next week,
move that the resolution of the board, by which it was
decided that the shed on the east side of the steam dock
be only one storey high be rescinded.
Considerable discussion then ensued, and eventually
the board divided upon the amendment, which was car-
ried by a majority of 15 to 7.
Mr. RA.Dritirr then moved, as a further amendment,
that the sheds be 70 feet in width on both sides, leaving
the roadway 50 feet.

Mr. BUSH.' ELL seconded the amendment, which, on a
division, was lost by a majority of 13 to 8.
The proceedings of the Warehouse, Marine, and
Master Porterage' Committees were then read and con-
firmed ; as were also those of the Docks and. Quays
and of the Pilotage Committees. The latter contained
a minute as to the consideration of the application of
the funds arising from fees paid by parties examined
for pilotage literises.

THE DEFENCES OF THE PORT.
The following letter on this subject was read, and
created some amusement :

TO THE CHAIRMAN or THE MERSEY DOCK BOARD.
SlR,—Having read some time since of a deputation that
went to London respecting the fortifying of the town, I beg to
call your attention to the fortifying of the north end of the
town at a trifling cost, in two or three {days, without the aid of
engineers or any scientific men. - The piers at the north end
could be formed into formid able batteries in a Very short time
by means of balks of timber. In the plan I have put down
two balks of timber for the first or outside wall or bulwark,
others to be piled up to the height of seven or eight feet, to be
all well chained together. Posts are driven in front or aear.
Then comes a space of six or seven feet, or the breadth of an
ordinary-sized cart. The inner wall to be compos:d of single
balks piled on one another, and chained together, the outside
only to be supported by posts. The space inside to be filled
with rubbish of any description from different parts of
the town. To render the batteries more secure iron plates
could be put between the tier of front talks. I don't think
any seaport in the world has greater facilities for fortifyi ig
itself than Liverpool, and that in an incredibly short time.
The dray horses of Liverpool and London are the fineq in the
world, and would, if only indifferently mounted, ride down
any invading foe. The timber carriages in Liverpool are
splendidly adapted for transporting any sized guns, and could
in a short time be converted into 'regular gun. carriages. Even
batteries of this simple construction, with Armstrong or Whit-
worth
cutting,brro wasudand
could guns, would be as invulnerable as Cherbourg. The
space between the balks could be filled in by means of carts
backing to the centre ; the rubbish to be put over all by means
of
a planks.
so.
placedT lie balks
as ofo
resembletim b timber would
sides Heel
of
n oa
frigate. To the inner part of this outside wall, strong. t iwers
would be set, thus giving additional strength.—l am, sir, your
obedient servant , GEORGE HADDOCK.
87, Mulberry-street, 16th October, 1860.

COMMUNICATIONO.

A letter, was then read from the Secretaries of the
Arrangements Committee, enclosing ten tickets for the
procession.
Mr. nUSIIELL—IIow do you propose to allot them ?
The CHAIRMAN said he should leave them on the
table.

A letter was read from Mr. Mason, manager of the
Birkenhead railway, repeating the statement as to the
urgency existing for accommodation on the Liverpool
side of the river. A letter from Mr. Johnson, secretary
of the same company, was also read, complaining of
the delay in the completion of the low-water basin at
Birkenhead.
This was the whole of the general business.

THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND.
Accounts published to-day are more unfavour-
able. The natives have assumed the offensive,
and have actually placed Taranaki, the capital of
New Plymouth, in a state of siege, plundering
outlying farms and dwellings• up to the very
verge of the entrenchments drawn around the

settlement. The town was closely barricaded.
Orders had been given for the immediate removal
of the families of the settlers. In the first alarm,
the women and ehildren were sent to a small
military post, considered to be safe,

tfit WAR Iv COINA:
In the skirrhish with the Taridi edfaihji the
Correspondent of the bully Yetis says the French
hdd one man killed and fOur or five wounded.
The English had one officer, Major Greathead of
the Bengal Engineers, and three men slightly
wounded.. The range of gingals, estimated at
1,400 Or 1j500; appears prodigious; When it is
considered that they at rude N'yeapons with
smooth barrels.

The attack on the Taku forts was to be carried
into effect on the 15th August. These forts lie a
few miles up the river, and form probably the
first of the series of defences which protect Pekin,
lying,sorne 150 miles inland.
The TinitLs remarks that if a Chinese campaign
dt ail reserrible theS6 of Etirciiie; a few days might
bring the allied forces to the capital, Nihere,
however, they may find art Emperor without
authority, and a Government which commands
little more than the neighbonrhood of Pekin.


TIJI DAILY TIMES, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1860.

gincne appreciation of his magnificent gift to thd town to
whichthey beton.. "
- - .•

Mr. DANIEL' Z 475. rag- was
Very earnest but somewhat
tthheankgsenoent
obaeshalfof
donor hisof oWnthe then called upon, in a
fierida,ttiiiishvecvisiirypaereki!ha,,cilireFasran,ietddo
knowing that words were mere effusions teerlay,
endeavoured to embody those
might be said, and to-morrow revers' ed —they had
gahottiataribbelea farm, that in something taking
words _
elthey had ceased to exist
owf theirhe gratitude. It was a free-
Will °geeing from the sons of toil. The speaker, at some
length, exerted his felloaew°rk
men to the rigid exercise
of self-denial. Power of mind must gain complete vac-
' tory tinder sensual appetite, '
and their. leisure• hours
instead of being spent in the t room,
stridf tr conclusion, he said there must be given to
could desirmorefervently dan
that God
nothing they
more
pleased for long years to pare the life of
the d would be
donor, that
he might witness in
.his own days the fall fruition of his
efforts to do them good, and
besought working men to
; show the classes that moved above them—to show
fellow-men that they could, that they did, acrd that
their
would appreciate the great gift which had they
been made to
them ; and their he was. sure that their friend, Mr.
Brown, would feel the full extentof his wishes accom-
plished;
(Applause.)
Mr. 'WILLIAM B Rower, who Was received with the
most enthusiastic applause, said, after the cheering had
subsided—l have had many complimentary addresses
presented to me, but none that I had more gratification
it receiving than one emanating from the industrial
classes. It is unmistakeable evidence of your desire to
avail yoursake of opportunities to improve and cultivate
yourminds. When We consider the object that has brought
us together to-night, and see the number of distin-
guished noblemen and gentlemen who have come to assist
at the ceremony of opening the leree Library and
' _Museum, it is a most encouraging sign of the times.
It shows the strong desire they have to promote by
their presence every measure that will add to our
happiness and our social position, which are greatly
promoted by increased knowledge. We will always
find in well chosen books something that bears on
our respective pursuits in life, which ennobles us
with advantage to ourselves, our families, and our
country, to take a higher
,position in the social
scale, which adds to oar importance and our usefulness,
and also to' the value of our opinions. Every reflecting
man must be aware that,when his conduct is good we '
value' and esteem him the more, provided he has culti-
vated his mind and can impart something to us that is
useful. Idleness is the greatest misfortune that can
befal any man. Our ebject in meeting is as far as
possible to prevent this, to diffuse a taste for useful
industry, and put within the reach of everyone intel-
lectual food of the greatest retro, The society of books
never leads us into the haunts of dissipation, but
elevates the mind and occupies our leisure moments to
the greatest advantage. Libraries are competitors for
customers with improperly conducted public-houses.
Let us see whether we cannot attract a good many of
those who resort to such places to our shop. We hope
you will influence your fellow workmen to visit the
library and museum. We promise them spacious
apartments, well ventilated, comfortably warmed, well
lighted, and handsomely furnished, and most intelligent
and intellectual society, without cost. Amongst those
select friends—our books—there are works that will
suit every taste and meet every requirement. It
•is most gratifying to see the demand pro-
gressively increasing for those of a higher class. We
do not value a man in any rank of life for the
fineneas of his coat, but for his conduct and his desire
to cultivate those talents, as far as in his power, with
Which his Maker has blessed him, and who contributes
all he can to the comfort of his family and his friends,
nit forgetting to give them good moral instruction.
Marry of you will recollect the ignorance and want of
thought that prevailed amongst a large bCrdy of the
working classes thirty or forty years ago. When they
had any dispute with their master about wages, or any-
thing else, they thought they were revenging themselves
and punishing him by breaking and destroying his ma-
chinery, forgetting that his capital and his works were the
instrarnents with which they had to earn bread for them-
selves and their families. Far different is their conduct
now. Education has made such progress that they are
much more intelligent. They see that such suicidal
conduct would be as bad as the carpenter destroying the
tools by which he lives. It is now pretty well under-
stood that the more we improve our machinery the more
We increase our customers throughout the world, and
the' Mute hands are wanted to make articles to meet the
demand, We do not give the present generation of
working men grifficient credit for their intelligence. They
clearly see that accamulated capital is necessary to give
them regular employment, and that if by any means that
increase of capital was prevented they would be the greatest
sufferers. Hence the volunteer mdvement now going for-
ward is necessary to guard against invasion, which would
be most disastrous to both master and men. It would be
a very great misfortune if these two parties were inde-
pendent of each other or of other nations. It would
be a very great grievance if I were compelled to be
independent of my bootmaker, and I think he would be
ea great a sufferer being without my custom. Mutual
deparidance of man on man and nation on nation is
wisely ordained by Providence. I wish we were more
depending on France and France on us. Our mu tual
material interests might have relieved us from the
anxiety we now feel an to' their relative position and
ours. Just Consider the erect of an invasion of our soil
from any quarter.. None bas' Mbts to fear from it than
the industrial artisans, for our corrivrerce would be para-
lysed, all our improvements suspended, and hundreds
meat,
of thousands of workmen thrown out of. opploy
without wages; on which the bread of their families and
themselves depend. I hope the good sense of those
whom I address, and others, will not leave the country
subject to the caprim whim, or ambition of any
man, bat that they will volunteer their services to pre-
vent such a dreadful calamity as an invasion would
produce. Our library will inform you how despots
govern their people, and will teach us the blessings we
enjoy under a constitutional monarchy. If we are well
armed no one dare desecrate our soil by setting a hostile
toot on it. Knowledge is power, and the more we culti-
vate our minds the better we are prepared to meet any
contingency. If we suffered ourselves to be brought
under the rule of any continental despot, we would lose
the freedom of the press, our constitution, our liberties,
and our laws. It rests with ourselves to protect and
preserve those inestimable advantages, and continue to.
be ruled by the great council of the* nation and our
virtuous and noble Queen. The respected gentleman
resumed his seat in the midst of the most rapturous
cheering, which lasted some time.
The MAvoit then briefly introduced Lord Brougham,
the chief guest of the evening, to the meeting. • His
lordship, he said, had given them something like a
promise when here two years ago that he would, if pos-.
Bible, attend the opening of the Free Library. He was
a nobleman who, during a long life, had devoted his
brilliant talents to improving the moral and social con-
dition
of mankind ; and his address that evening would
be upon free libraries.
Lord BROUGHAM, who was received with load cheer-
ing, said—Your worthy Mayor has justly said that I
came here to-day in fulfilment of a promise which I
made two years ago, to be present at the opening of this
great institution. I have come at no trifling per-
sonal inconvenience, from having been exceedingly
unwell • and, indeed I came contrary to the orders of my
medical' attendant. But I could not resist the strong
desire which I felt to be present at a meeting held in
honour of. my worthy and my esteemed friend—your
munificent, not only benevolent, but beneficent fellow-
townsman—for without that wisdom and good sense
and discretion which has directed his great munificence,
even his generolity—sianal, unexampled as it is, would
not have produced the effect which Providence designed
it to have. But I tonsidor that thio is umpot nit plod in
the history of human munificence—(hear, hear)—not only
in the amount, but in the perfect judgment, the true
wisdom, which has directed Mr. Brown's generosity.
Ile has founded that which is of inestimable benefit to
the working classes—not only, as has been said by those •
who have preceded me a library and museum—a
library to contain the stores of ancient and modern
knowledge—knowledge on all subjects which are most
desirable to be considered and studied, not only by
working men, but by all men; but the museum con-
nected with it, wherein those studies may be improved
from books to specimens, and the works of the Creator
shown forth in the preserved volumes of his bounty,
wisdom, and skill. But there is added to that a reading-
room connected with this library and museum, in which
men may obtain the inestimable. benefit of social inter-
course, of conversation upon the subjects that they have
been reading, and upon the subjects of the day that
most interest them ; and I observed to-day, just before I
left home, that my right reverend friend, the Bishop
of Oxford, has lately been assisting at the opening
of a library. and reading-room in Oxford, and, that ho
sets forth strongly rind justly the benefits of the
reading-room as hardly less than the library. itself—for;
as he justly observes, reading without reflection signifies
little ; and you have a good security for reflection, and
for understanding what you read, by freely and
unceremoniously holding converse upon it with
those who have also studied and who have also read.
It has been justly observed by Mr. Horsfall, in setting.
forth the merits of working men, that there is Georg()
Stephenson, to whom we owe the great advantage of
railway travelling.. I could have wished he had als6
noticed another working man, to whom the rail carriage
is not less indebted, for without the steam engine it
would stand still; and Watt was a working man as
well as George Stephenson, only that the one having
been a workman in a colliery, the other was a more
skilful artisan, skilled in preparing and adjusting mum_
Ivry, from which, being a working mechanist, he Was
induced, he was led to study the. defects of the steam
engine, and to apply, triumphantly to apply, the remedy
But I also add—by the way Mr. Horsfall omitted to.
mention 'Watt—Mr. Guiles, who seconded the address
to you, and who seconded it in a very able and
excellent speech. . Mr. Guiles mentioned Mr.: Watt
as well as Mr. Stephenson. This morning I received'
also, as if there was a presentiment in it that I was
about to attend a meeting of working ?lien here, and,
that was from a working man who has distinguished
himself, not in mechanism, but in a higher order
than any working men generally,—l mean a most
excellent address, well reasoned, up% a most
im-
portant subject, namely—the subject of strikes,
referred to by Mr. Brown in the statement he has ;
made. The subject of the mistakes,—grievous mistakes"
committed by those who, setting labour against capital,
as if capital was the enemy of labour, are apt to injure
themselves still more than . they injure their employers
by violent proceedings,—for I can call them none less
than violent, even though they may be undertaken
with-
out any actual breach of _the law. I speak of John
Plummer, whom two years ago I had to quote-for
another pamphlet he wrote. That is a tract he
wrote. He is a working shoemaker in a small town
in Northamptonshire, and he has printed an address tothe working men of the great towns in Yorkshire
b
persuade them of thesinjuries they suffer by sett in in
themselves against capital. As to the first of these
tracts, no man can reason the subject better, I shall -
say
to come off better ; and I hope my old friends and con.
stituents of Yorkshire will give a serious and calm atten-
tion to 'Mr. Plummer's lesson. (Applause.) It
gives
me very great pleasure to attend this meeting. I was
lately, about a fortnight ago, at a prodigious meeting of
working men in the city of Glasgow, and I felt somewhat
of a jealousy of that vast assembly, it haying been such as
I never before seen called together. My jealousy has been
very much lessened since I came to this AmPhitheatre,--
for I do not think, though it is always, according to the
common saying, odious to make comparisons
cannot
help saying that what I witnessed at Glasgow, prodigious
as it was, did not at all exceed the great, the grand, spec-
tacle which I have the happiness and the wonder of now
seeing. (Loud applause.) Among the great benefits of
a library and museum, coupled with a reading-room,
there is One, none the less, which has been referred to

by those who have spoken before me---4 mean that is
tends not only to a useful passing of the evening, but to
a harmless use of the evening, by withdrawing those
. and no i
who attend it from a worse- place, where there is no
book to be read, no subject
to
tbieon
whateverdiscussed
to
that
obtained-where, 1 't
is Worth diftuasiog
won't . say kro ledg
in—
nothing like knowledge is suckesuckedte is suckedsomthmg else
is sa'ked in instead' of it, (applause)—thee)—the enemye ofall
knowledge, the enemy of all ii4eftt4 employmentof time,
the enemy of health, health of body and mind—that
intemperance which is the ;very curse Of the eduntry,
so far as it' prevails in the country, (applause,) , in
and
which I hope and trust is now On the decline • .and let
us hope and trust, and devoutly pray, that we may live
to see it cease. (Loud applause.)
The Hon. ALGERNON EGERTON, M.P., next came
forward and addressed the meeting. He was received
with great enthusiasm. He said he would take that
opportunity of thanking the Mayor and the committee
for the invitation they had given him to be present that
evening on so interesting an occasion. He was glad to
. see so large a meeting as the present collected to do
honour to a gentleman who had made so munificent a
present to th town. Ist was an event we could scarcely
hope to see repeated during the present generation.
With reference to those who would avail themselves of
the library, they might be divided into two classes :
First, those who go there for their own recreation and
amusement; and second, those who go for their instruc-
, tion. Those who went there for their amusement and
recreation would find their purpose well answered by
reading some of the excellent books of travel in which
the library abounded. The previous speaker had alluded
very eloquently to a time when it was supposed that
instruction should be confined to the upper classes.
There was a sort of line drawn between what was
generally called the aristocracy and the people. At that
time it was supposed that the aristocracy were to have a
monopoly of knowledge, while the people were to be
sunk in ignorance. It was further supposed that if the
working classes could by any means be raised, or
raise themselves, they would tear the aristocracy to
pieces. He trusted that the line of demarcation between
the people and the aristocracy was maw broken down
for ever. (Applause) His idea of England now was
that she was like a pyramid, the basis of which was the
people, and which rose as the people rose. There was
no line of demarcation in this pyramid; one part depends
upon the other, and all are mutually dependent. Eng-
land he believed to be the first country in the world.
(Applause.) Mr. Brown had alluded in his speech to
what she had been doing, and he (the speaker) would
say that she was doing more by this volunteer move-
ment, which was spread through all classes,
(Applause.) So long as England occupied this
position, he did not think any person could take
advantage of an opportunity which might offer to assail
her. He did not think that that would be the only
thing for which her name would he celebrated by other
nations. His ambition was that England should be the
best educated country on the, face of the earth ; this she
was not yet, but he thought we might congratulate our-
selves upon the progreis she had made. Government
had now thrown open appointments to merit wherever
it could be found. In every part of the country we hear
of schools springing up ; and though there was not at
present any scheme which Government could take up
and force upon the people, it must be remembered that
in England the Government follows and does not lead.
A great deal was now doing for education, and he trusted
that this town would be as great an example as any other
town in the country. He trusted that himself and
many others would live to see the day when England
shall be the best educated country in the world. After
again thanking the audience' and Mr. Brown, on its
behalf, the hon. gentleman sat down amid great applause.
Mr. PRIEST, in referring to the object of the meeting,
said they were not met to celebrate any great victory of
either arms or trade. Had such been the case, the
occasion might have called forth and jultifiedsome amount
of enthusiasm; but in his mind it could not have
equalled the institution they were met to inaugurate
and to appreciate. He believed the full significance of
humanity to consist in the fact of its being devoted to
work. And true genuine culture could only be achieved
by persistence in hard work. He was fully alive to the
importance of those social distinctions which have arisen
and are perpetuated by the exigences of human society.
But even the distinctions of rank, great as they are, are
not, he thought, to
.parallel for one moment of time the
distinctions of intellect. And if the noble lord who
had addressed them would permit him, he would say
that though he appreciated the exalted position he
occupies in society, he appreciated his intellect infinitely
more. (Great applause.) It was his firm conviction
that if ever the disparities of rank were to be to any
considerable extent destroyed, it was only to be done by
that system of education which might exhibit to the
appreciation, the contemplation, and the convictions of
all, that men stood equal before their Maker and their
God if only they cultivated that intellect which had
been bestowed upon them. He concluded by observing
that this demonstration was unmixed with and unalloyed
by any feelings of regret such as followed the celebra-
tions of feats of 'arms.
The. Chairman, after apologising for the • absence of
Sir Emerson Tennent, called upon
GILBERT HENDERSON, Esq., the 'Recorder of Liver-
pool, who said that he had not come with the intention
of addressing the large audience he saw before him ; he
had come to enjoy the occasion, and he had done so.
There was one part of the plan which had,not yet been
at all touched upon. There was in connection with the
Library and Museum a theatre in which it was intended
there should be lectures and meetings of learned societies.
No less than five societies had assisted in arranging the
contents of the Museum in the best way. It was most grati-
fying to every one to witness the feeling with which the
working classes of Liverpool met Mr. William Brown on
this occasion. It was probably the most gratifying part of
the ceremony to him, for it was to them he had given it.
Richer men might travel to their libraries and their
museums, and with a silver key unlock their stores ; but
this was not the case with the poor man, and hence the
need. of a Free Library and Museum. He did not
doubt that they would take advantage of what had
been given them, and they could not avail
themselves of those opportunities without great advan-
tage. Though it was not to be expected that every man
could be a Watt or a Stephenson, yet, nevertheless,
every man might increase his stock of knowledge, and
furnish himself with intellectual attainments, and in that
way benefit himself and others.
Mr. T. S. RAFFLES then rose to address the audience.
After some introductory observations, he said that no
one could have a greater interest in the success of the
Free :I_•.ibrary than he bad. He was a working man,—
as hard s? working man as any in Liverpool, and he
hoped that I.`'lig library would have the effect of making
the court over which he presided comparatively empty,
and that, instead a working man, he would become, in.
an idle one. He quite agreed with
that respect at least,
the remark of Lord Brs.'ugliam when he alluded to the
great bane of this countv7--the intemperance which
::
prevails to so great an extent. He was happ toe think
a class of audc from
he was addressing a very differ&
that which he had before him fro,l day to day. Did
they but know so much of the fearful' meets of intem-
perance as he did, they would at once jot.' with him in
trying 'to get men from those haunts of it,'447perance
which were so plentiful in this town. He coda .'`,at help
thinking that some steps in this direction eight
be taken, and he 'was glad to see that the noble ler:.4
behind him (Lord Brougham) had alluded to certain
things which could be done with a view to reduce the
evils of intemperance. His (Mr. Raffles') attention was
called to. this subject by a letter from .a publican in
Liverpool, calling upon him to do everything lie could
to lessen the hours during which the public houses were
kept open. He would certainly recommend his friend
to
communicate with an excellent association in this
1 -
was convinced that if that movement were promoted,
not only in public houses, but in other establishments,
the decrease of crime would • be very considerable, and
our jails would be comparatively empty.
He was glad
to hear some remarks from the member for the county,
when he referred to the sort of literature which was
very often sought after by the persons who frequent
those libraries. The noble
member was quite correct
when he said, that in the pursuit of recreation you could
not do better than go to those historical works which
abound in the library. If they cultivated the love tlof
history they would never v
sint recreation of any further
kind. He was glad thisof opportunity of expressing
his thankfulness to Mr Brown, and to join in the hope
be
that this institution would appreciated, not only by
the present, but by other
generations of the working
classes of Liverpool. (Applause.)
Sir JOHN %WRING (who had just entered the room)
was the next speaker called upon by the chairman. He
was received with great demonstrations of applause.
He owed, he said, a hundred apologies for arriving so
late ; but when he told them that only last night (on
Tuesday) did he receive the communication, and that he
started that morning before the rising of the sun, he
hoped they would acknowledge that he. had done his
best to respond to • the invitation to attend. He had
been led to contrast the progressive and advancing state
of the public mind of this country and compare it with the
country he had lately left. On Monday he was addresSing
an audience in Sheffield; on Tuesday evening he had the
same privilege at -Warminster, and that evening h&
appeared before them. How many weeks would have
been employed in China to travel the same distance,
which had been here done in so many hours? In China
there were no stage coaches, no post. offices, no railways,
no electric telegraphs, and no 'William Browns. (Great
applause.) IFhen_ he visited, iu Ningpo, a library which
was supposed to contain one of the best collections of
literature out of the capital of the Empire, he found
there were three great faaiilies in the neighbourhood, each
of whom had a key, audit was necessary to consult each of.
the families before lie could get the key ; hut from his
official, position he at length succeeded. It was not in
the memory of the librarian that any hooks had gone out.
Then, he ventured to say, in any penny newspaper of
the present year. and in every speech of the illustrious
noblemen behind them, they would find more of that.
practical wisdom which they could turn to daily account
than they would find
.in all the libraries of China, of
which, the catalogues only consisted of 120 folio volumes.
Whg:they wanted was what we found in this country,
growing up more and more every day,—it was that
sound practical wisdom which can be turned to hourly
use. In China the population made no progress ; they
were wholly occupied with the past, which was the age
of they 'had not learned that maxim of
Bacon, that the present generation-is the oldest, and the
earliest generation was the youngest. What he should
desire to see in this country was what he had seen in
China,—a universal passion, a universal desire for
instruction. Now, certainly, that did pervade tie
community there, but, the instructors, andl
instructions of a valuable character were wanting.
A 'half-dozen ' Lord Broughams, what wonders they
could work, with a language which 500,000,000
of men could read ! (Loud 'applause.)
If there
was anythingwhich could keep society together in the
fearful disorganisation. of that country, when an inter-
necine war was tearing society up by the very roots—
where village was fighting against village, and man with
man,—where civil war Ives spreading everywhere ruin and
desolation—there was one solitary element of security
and tranquility, • tio-, was the great competitive organi-
sation. Its schools were accessible to every kind. of
boy, and the children of the meanest parents often rose
rose VI the highest influence, and occupied the highest
position. The man who, occupied • the highest position
Emperor, uen ava
next to the the son of a
stationer, who lived in an obscure street, at Ningpo.
There was scncely a Viceroy who had not risen from the
lowest grades, for office was only attainable in China
through the competitive struggi, c-travhich- they presaet
for distinction. Tie had seen 0,000 students 'enter for
these--not youths, for some were men 70, 80, and 90
years of age. (A laugh.) A province of China ordi-
narily consisted of twenty million liuman beings, village
schools were universal—the cost of education was very

small,—and every men however mean, endeavoured to
obtain edueation for his children,—for if a child suc-
ceeded it shed a flbed of light and distinction upon its
as well as upon. the village in which • it was
born. They made nobility run upwards and not down-
wards; they ennobled the fathers and grandfathers of
these who distinguished themselves. (A laugh.) In
argument with him they used to tell him that they had
better reasons than we had for the course which they
thus followed,—that the descendant of a wise man
might be a great fool, and the descendant of a good
man a great rogue. (Laughter and applause.) Bat as
they all kept records of their ancestors, they knew
all about those who had gone before them; and it wag
Curious fact connected with Chinese history, that not a
man, however poorf did not know who his ancestors
were, and these records were given to the chidren so
soon as they could understand them. Now, what he
wanted to see in this country, with the means of know-
ledge we have, was the same passion for education and
distinction ; while in China it was to be desired that
they should have our valuable elementary books, the
philosophy, and the advanced civilisation which we were
able to give them. He thought in this country we were
beginning to recognise, little by little, that something
was to be learnt even in remote countries ; but the only
improvement orEuropean origin which he had seen in
China was time firelocts. Ile (Sir J. Bewring) had had a
curious conversation, the other day, with the Emperor of
the French, who said he had received a curious com-
munication froth' his Ambassador. The -Emperor of
Russia had proposed to send the Emperor of China 300
or 400 rifles. " I had better not have them," he said,
"for the English barbarians will seize them, and they
will have the whole benefit of them." (Laughter.) He
(Sir J. Bowring) had a right probably to speak on the
improved effects of literature and science upon all
classes. He could hardly account to himself for the mar-
vellous social changes which he had observed, on
returning after an absence of ten or eleven years, to his
native land. Those who watched' those improvements
from day to day:could hardly adequately estimate how
wonderful they had been; but he had seen an improve-
ment amongst the labouring classes which was perfectly
marvellous.—a desire for instruction, a gregarious
spirit bringing men together for the purposes of better
information, a diminution of crime. He found, for
example, that in that county to which he belonged, the
gaol, which built 25 years ago, and which was sup-
posed to be too small for the necessities of the
case,—that one-third of that prison was constantly
unoccupied; and in the county of Somerset, of three
county prisons, two, he believed, were abandoned. In
Scotland, the profession of a gaoler was becoming a
sinecure, and there were many localities in which the
prison cells were altogether vacant. Well, these were
all delightful results ; and although he knew that was
the place not to discuss politics, yet he rejoiced when
there was not a section of the old parties, but it was
declared that they were all Liberals together. (Applause,
and a hiss.) Why, the Conservatism, the Toryism of
ancient time was altogether departed, and we might
as soon expect to see the mummies of Thebes
and Memphis walking the streets, as a Tory
of the ancient school. (Applause and hissing.)
These were subjects for congratulation; for when
people said let us progress, let us move on,
the only question was whether the movement should be
a little more rapid, or a little more slowly. He was
perfectly certain that in this country there was an ener-
getic forlorn hope, to make a breach into the citadels of
ignorance, to unfurl the flag of knowledge ; and at
whatever distance might be the followers, followers
there would be, and glory and success would go with
their footsteps. (Applause.) He felt somewhat exhaused
—(Cries of "Go on")—and hoped they would excuse
him, thanking them for their kind attention. (Applause.)
The MAYOR the called upon Mr. Cropper, whom he
said was not only a friend of his, but also a riend of the
working classes, and there was not a good work or a
benevolent undertaking, commenced or carried out, that
his name was not attached to it. (Cheers.) He (Mr.
Cropper) would move a vote of thanks to the noble
lord (Lord Brougham). and the other distinguished
guests, who had honoured Mr. Brown and the town of
Liverpool with their presence on the present occasion.
Mr. J. CRaPPER then came forward, and was received
with the most enthusiastic applause. He said,—
Although unexpectedly called upon, he had much
pleasure in standing upon, for the first time, that stage.
(Applause and laughter.) He had been called upon to
propose a vote of thanks to the noble lord and the other
distinguished gentlemen, who had come from a distance
to be present on that occasion, and he had great pleasure
in doing so. He was sate they would all agree
in the observations that had been made by the worthy
stipendiary magistrates, that they were all working men.
Lord Brougham was a working man, and be hoped they
would all work together to do honour to Mr. Brown for his
munificent gift and liberality. (Applause.) He con-
cluded by saying that he had the greatest pleasure in
proposing a vote of thanks to the noble lord, and the
other distinguished guests who had so nobly come for-
ward. He had no doubt but that all the working
classes would most cordially give an expression of their
feelings on that point, and he would therefore conclude
by most cordially seconding the resolution. (Applause.)
Mr. JAMES MULLENEUX said that he had been asked,
quite unexpectedly to . himself, to second the motion
which had been proposed by Mr. Cropper. . He had the
greatest pleasure in doing so, but he was afraid that he
should do it but very inadequately. He had been an
admirer and a follower of Lord Brougham for the last
fifty years. He had always admired him, and during.
that time he had had the pleasure of often listening to'
his eloquence, and hearing the great principles he had
delivered, often in this town. They would all recollect
that he was the pioneer of a society which had done a great
amount of good throughout the kingdom—it was the
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. For
that they were indebted to Lord Brougham. (Cheers.)
They were also aware that they were indebted to Lord
Brougham for the intercstthe had taken in -the Mechanics'
Institute—(cheers)—now the Liverpool Institute,—the
Collegiate Institute,—and lastly the Free Library which
was about to be given to the town by their noble hearted
townsman William Brown. (Cheers.) Lord Brougham
had been present, and had taken a part in all those
institutions ; and be was sure there would be but one
feeling, that they would not only carry the motion by
acclamation, but that they would give three hearty
cheers for the noble lord. (Immense applause.)
Lord BROUGHAM, upon coming forward to return
thanks, was most enthusiastically received. He said he
could but return his thanks for the manner in which his
name had been brought forward by the two preceding
speakers ; and as one of the distinguished guests,
he begged leave to thank them on behalf of
himself as well as the others who were present, and
also, those who were invited. For himself, he
returned his thanks for the warm manner in which he
had been received, not alone on that occasion, but
on every occasion whenever he had appeared in Liver-
pool. (Cheers.) From the way he had been received,
he could not help looking back—although it might
appear, and no doubt it was, a very long period to look
back upon,—nearly half a •century—to ••what bad
occurred at that time. He alluded to the year .1812,
when he narrowly escaped being the member for Liver-
pool. He said " narrowly escaped." He said "narrowly"
and "escaped," and he would explain it by-and-bye.
His friend William Rathbone would know to what he
alluded. He escaped being elected for Liverpool.
It was about the present time of the year in 1812, in
kbe month of October, but a little later, at the end
ot. `she week, on Saturday night, after a very severe
conte;i: throughout the whole of the week, that it
was tho;Nlit that the parties were running very
close, and it was proposed to his party that
one and one. Mr. Creevey was with-
drawn, but it was'.
they should rets,'-'-
Dot recollected that he had been
returned for Thetford ,"Zlree days before ; and he (Lord
friends said that they must gd" "straight forward." and
they did so, and the expenses were not small. At
that time he had occasion to 01 a small estate
for £1,600 or £1,700, and he offei-sd them £l,OOO,
but they actually refused to receive it. The result
was that be did not get elected, and in con:*=querice of
his friends having acted " straight forwardly," ho was
left out of Parliament for three sessions. That was
rather a long time. He should have been glad to ha ;'e
been out of Parliament, and escape the labours for the
next sessions, for the session before that was one 'of
the most laborious that had 'ever been known for
many years. For seven or eight weeks they had sat
in the house from five o'clock until one, two, three, four,
and five o'clock in the morning, discussing the orders in.
Council, perhaps the most odious and abominable mea-
sure that could be discussed, for those councils had the
power of making war, and it was through that abomina-
ble system that they had to go to war with America.
(Cheers.) Those orders of Council were however
repealed, and a great good was done. (Cheers.) But
he had another reason why he was thankful that
he had escaped from being returned to that parliament,
which was that he had been enabled to gain rest, for,
besides attending to the parliamentary duties of that
laborious session, he had to attend to his professional
duties, and from that time he had ever been received
with kindness and friendship by the people of Liverpool.
(Cheers.) He had received the greatest possible grati-
tude and friendship from all. His lordship then went
on to review the acts of Mr. Canning and Mr. Huskis-
son, and said that he-believed, as Mr. Bowring had said,
that they were all Liberals now. (Cheers.) He might
say that there was net such a thing as a Protectionist
now. The last specimen of that antique race might
be supposed to have lived 20,000 years ago, and the last
that was heard of such an animal was about 3,000 years
ago, and if a specimen should be found in some
strata of the earth, he will be deposited in the
Museum. 'Mr. Brown had kindly left room for all such,
specimens in his noble gift. (Cheers and laughter.)
His lordship then went on to say that Mr. Huskisson
was always a Liberal, and Mr. Canning became a
Liberal afterwards, just as. Sir Robert Peel had done.
But they had a right to give Sir Robert credit for what
.he had done, as be had made great sacrifices. At first
Sir Robert had opposed the educational measures, but he
hasi afterwards become more liberal. The same on capi-
tal punishment. He (Sir Robert Peel) thought that
persons should be executed for forging, but he after-
wards came over on that point. Again, with regard to
the Catholic Emancipation, that he had been forced to
carry, and the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert
Peel's own government had carried it, but the delay
had occasioned more than 1•,,, misery that
had been endured, had the measure been carried
twenty years before, particularly to the peo-
ple of Ireland. But in the measure of free-trade,
Sir Robert, when he carried that, had made a great
sacrifice—he had to sacrifice his principle, and also his
party. (Cheers.) It was a sacrifice for the good of the
people. He had made a great diversion from his text,
hut he had been led to do so from having gone into
his first connection with Liverpool in the year 1812,
and he had done so for the purpose of showing
that there should be no party fighting—that
it was the
.duty of all to do away with all political
and factious fights, and support those measures which
would be for the benefit of the country, the improvement
and the enlightenment of the world. (Cheers.) He
concluded by proposing a vote of thanks to the Mayor
for his kindness in presiding on the occasion, and re-
sumed his seat amidst the most enthusiastic applause.
Mr. Win. Brown briefly seconded the motion, which
was carried by acclamation.
The-MAYOR, in returning thanks, said he felt highly
honoured by the compliment that had been paid to him
by the. noble lord, and expressed a hope that the work-
ing classes would show how much they appreciated the
munificent gift of the library by constantly attending at
the library—even when they left their drill and their
meals—amid Mr. Brown would have much pleasure in
meeting them at the institution. He begged to return
his sincere thanks.
Three cheers. were then given for Lord Brougham,
Mr. William Brown, and the Mayor, and- the meeting
separated.

(Before Mr. RAFFLES.)
THE KNIFE.

LIVERPOOL POLICE COURT.-YESTERDAY.

We might have this heading stereotyped, for there is
not a morning- at the Police-court that two or three
cases of stabbing are not brought .before Mr. Ra aes.
Something ought to: be done to make a fearful example
of persons found guilty of this desperate and un-English
practice. Robert Bell was charged by Anne Hanley
With having stabbed her in the hand in a dangerous
manner: The woman stated that the previous evening
she went into a public-house called the " Blind Beg-
gars," in Vauxhall-road, where the Prisoner and others
were. The prisoner asked her sister, who was with
her, if she had not stohn a pair of boots from him some
time before, and on that a quarrel followed, when she
alleged the prisoner stabbed her in the hand with a
penknife. Mr. Parker, for tbi prisoner, produced
several witnesses, who stated that the women had a row
in the house, and that they flung glasses at each other,
and that in the row the woman got wounded with a
broken glass, and on this evidence the prisoner was
discharged.