The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1872-03-26 00:00:00

notinawasK FARmaitl. CLUB.

The mustily inciting of (hie olub was held last
Saturday seeping, Mr. K. Genge (Vice•Presldeet) in
the chair, in the absences of Mr. J. U. Homer. There
were else present—Mr. T. Saunders, Mr. Chapati,/
&bung.; Mr. A. pope, Mr. H. W. Hawkins, Mr. H.
Taylor, Mr. J. Damen, Mr. Lush, Mr. Senior, Mr. P.
Puree (for hoe. son)
Toe annual dinner was find !or Thursday, April 11,
at three ocloet. and Kr. rtitilOt expressed a hope tote
all th metalsro would make a point of attending, for,
as ho reuserkod, they bed the free uso of that room for
all their meetings, and, by beteg preset at the annual
dinner, would show their appreciation of it.
Mr. W. C. Srolwas, of Kling, Southampton, then
introduoed the subjeet of "Phosphates as food fur
plants." In the average of gessoes the farmer was very
much Indebted to phosphates, bet this year owing to
the saperabandanes of roots and feed some probably
lamented they had spent so much on them. flaring
observed that a knowUdge of ohemistry to Its apple.
ability to littlish's. was advastegeoas to farmers, and
that the time of year induced him to settee this subject,
he observed that chemise !lading phosphates largely
In eons and but sparingly la root., oonaleded that In
manuring they should apply phosphates to eons, sad
ammonia to roots, till peonies showed jut the outran
mast be dose, and seems explained why. Early In
! the century the use of b noes obtained to the north of
' Susi end, but it was 10 or 15 years before the pesetae
ex iended t the south—about 1820. (Mr. T. ficusinat :
1827.) At that time roots were not mash grows, and
at intervals whin gave the land considerable rut, so
that the phosphates remaining la the soil bums
orrimpeible:teatidedohu.D.o.rmaermaaretsroai:erellretatil.aneowgrowwa without
it....h rite:
appliution of phosphate'. It was many years
before they knew the putieular part of bones
that did the betett— whether It was the sauna
(nitrogenous) part or the earthy matter. Now bey
knew it wet the Lite. Some years later Peruvian
guano sod many other kinds were iutrodused. The
Limbo lilted game when first beought here totalled
SAO a ton. it. dieliagulshiag foetus was bong
uselessly rich in phosphene, and it was of great
benefit to root', bat of only moderate advantare to
sort. He Wee one day showing a staple of this guano,
widish he had in • mall box, in High-street, Soathamp.
tea, when an old snuff-UM same up, and with the
freeneaseary of the habitat.. took • treasatiou pinch
without suing a word. Having thoroughly applied it,
he exelaineed as he walked away "I wouldn't give •
a posed for It—nothing but oosamot Sutra r
—(laughter). So mash for the seats of smelt of
inveterate snuffer& At this time the use of mean.
natured phosphates woe very limited; but sou
puershates were found In various parts of the glob-.
Prolemor lienalow first dissomed phoephatas In the
Baffolk Mt, and afterwards la Cerobrklgeshire and
°thee plasma meetly in the form of pebble.. lis pro-
duced a Tenet, of speeimens. One obviously the rib
hone of some antediluvian aniassi—my an lothyourtrus.
It gave 50 per out. of phosphate. A Ombridgeehire
"ems °carotin" would p 1.14 60 per out. Some of the
Smaish phosphate were as rich as 75 per cent. The
Ssusbreso phosphate, from • West India Sand, was
umber velueble variety ; while the Belfordshire
reprolite only gave 45 per out. lie spoke highly of
the Sombrero phosphate, and sett that woe mush sled
in the manufacture of leader metzbes. Then there was
• Norway phospluti,sed another from the Wee; Indies,
"Norresse," whin yielded 65 t 3 70 per sent. It was
fortunate there were these sourou because bouse gond
not supply one-foarth—he had almost said orse.teath of
the phosphate required. These minarets were dis-
solved, filtered, evaporated, sad then phosphate wee
made from It. A eansiderable quantity of boos ash hod
been imported from South Arteries. Animals were
, killed for their hides and tallow, and their boost
: wore used se fuel when entrusting the fat. This
tone earth contained the same amount of ph.-
photos as the Sombrero, but in • very good
form, and It dissolved somewhat easier. fl
&ben pointed out that the earths 0012leined in 11•111/
Speetinen of the same plant or grain were almost pre-
easely similar in extent and proportion. Mat, earths
were so abaudaut in the soil as to be valueless as
amount. Whoa formed neatly half the crust of the
earth, lAme abounded in the form of chalk, &la:tough
some sods were deficient of It. Soda was found lathe
form of salt or Uterine, and in susesda also. Potash
and phosphate of lose were the most important earths.
But the form-r was found to a oonsidereble utast in
the sot 1. Is 500 tons of earth, taken fire tubes deep,
there wool' holes some of the richest soils 12 tons of
paean, and in the weakest from one ton to 10 cwt. So
that atter there were exeoptionatiso eireuesterem, it
would not be wise to go to =WA *ZOOM. fit 4PPIPA4
potash- In the amain of soil, there was not more
that oche-sixth or one-eighth the quantity of pees-
plates as of potash. Potash was taten up by animals
itutioe, hot nearly all was left behind In the mune*,
waste phosphate of lime supplied more thee ts&ll the
bones of the animate that sus on tbe farm and are rent
away. And tin milk, too, there was a queenly of
phosphate. So that there are abundant rums why
phosphate of lime Is of snob mon vales in Its appLl.
cation to the moll than any other earth. If they took
the ordinary foareoaree rotation, and at the beginning
applied 20 toss of dune they would give as mush
poem& as the swops wont take away dunes the four
years. It was • atrium fact that whole poush existed
to so large an *meat in the soil, It was not fund la say
rook or urth in anything like the debuts of oboe-
plate. While they weld get Ines 45 to SJ per mat
of phosphate of lime la redoes rooks, there was so
subseatea that famished potash to • kerne extent than
13 or 15 per nut., with the eveption of ' Kean," dug
Irons masa in Germany, which gave about SU to 26 per
out. of soluble posse. While the inermuu domain
for phosphates made the raw material from which it
was me dearer year by year, farmers ooneldered it
part of the progress of agnealturs that they should
get their manatee simper. la 1840 he was expert-
meeting with eaperphoephate on a little farm, and that
year the Royal Agrientaral Society offered • prise foe
the beet essay ea the use of " aid sad hoses "—the
term superphosphate being sot tilieu In vogue. Be °out-
voted mid was, the union exalted eonsiderable
amass, he got • great many letters on the @objets,
sod determined to take advantage of it, so ha started
manufactory. At first their method wee roma* aad
it wait too wet to Mad oat ht bap, so they bad to bay
ap at Use old mks they scald get, whatever their
kind: and he told how ea one acesalea • pussies. of
trouts was taloa off_ by Met aka with a load
phaetons! asitally drilled In the men empleyo6=
that the "real staff," sad the owner arriving just too
late to save it. But nay were soon enabled to make
it safflaiasily dry to send oat in begs. Per
several yews they used nothing but taus
end aid; but, by sad bye, when the ooprolltes
of which he had woken were dimes/vend, they
availed theasselves of neat. He produced samples of
diseolred Sombrero phosphate; Oho same Weed,
rendered quiteelear asi enable; Ikea,
plying a few
drope of ammule, mused. preelpieutaa. ad a., explained
the. it berme insoluble the state in whisk It is Won
up by pleats. Ocesequatly pha_stoketes produed their
fullest affect oa slinky soils. Why' It Igbt arderally
be asked,, lint make plicepluesesoialek and thee
temptable agate? The fast was being soluble the first
ran washes* It into the sod, where the alkali, mai* at
eo—pazueivelylasoialle, but nee that it was far nun
soluble that when it its original state. He exhibited
Swede seed growing in weber In which atporphisph•le
.4 bees previrdsly eland, and it did tot pow • ono.
nits/nth clan lash la • fortnight ; while In pisis
weer the germs grow laxarlently; and la • third the
said was so drug se to break down the baster* of the
pact ss soon as it began to grow. Other plants were
newts the seeds of whisk were put
it after the super.
phosphate had been prole' s Mere they grew.
It Was thus shows, he said, there was no reel
utility in the mutant touching the seed, but that it was
better to have a alight Interval between. He had no
*nue mainly seeds Were killed by the mature, and he
preferred brut 'suiting it to drilling. Ils raised a mop
of ussegold this year, broa feasting the inatilife, and won
two prise. The pries of • manors was regulated by the
ezruttiosphate it sunned ; sad manefainarers
ted that • define amount of mat nab should
products eertain quantities of soluble and insoluble super-
phosphate. By experience they head that aft or •
little time „eparphosp hree became lees soluble, although
It ooatinued equally valuable, sad now that was Galled
s• mused phosphate." He went on to speak of wallas
and valuation of mature'. Analyse, he said was •
a., proper thing; but valuation should be taken
with the gresteet possible oultos. [This pert of his
address wee in reference to the analysis and
estates's' obtained last batman by the Donning:
p....as Chao, whoa "Spouses Dissolved Bones,"
sold (said Mr. O. Sunders at no October meeting), at
As per ton, was valued at £6 18s.] Value, he argued,
If given at all should only be stated approximately,
and the materials of which the manure Wee made
should be stated, buttes salable phosphate coald not
he made so cheaply from bone none sa from other
materials and the nucleate part in that made from
the hem; was prescricoily 55f able, while la what was
mode from other materials it was tot so: yet the
stusualst would rains the insoluble in both descriptions
at the same money valor. Dr. Vonaker and other
chemise all were obliged to apply to marinated for the
pries* of the various wiredionts. tie bad no fault to
Ind with the analysis except that their standard
anal. (superphosphate) of which they sold ton times
the quantity they did of the Dissolved Bones was not
seat up at all. He reesommendei that on a future
usesion they should get sample from the different
antafeeturers (I) with an explanation of their coon.
taste; and that they should not ask the obernist to
value but do it for themselves.
The Chairman having invited discussion, Mr. ,
HAWKINS said that farmers genteelly were unable (o
ail the value of the manures they pantheon by their
chemical propertios, and roonld only judge by the
results.

_
Mr.öHAIIIi.J Sal:Mines said he took oonalderahl•
*adds in regard to the analysis made for the flub, '-
the respomilbility of the matter, and be wee -•4
Spoonar's Saparphosphate was sot Molder' *off/
the samples ; but sample' were Web.' -„"D•ailt
membees, and auk as were gent Is ter, from the
mania. He thought II moat •• 10rwardo4 far
should mat a value on the Ewer 4n,..__N&l the should
tell It. oosatitue he nts and t ••••• wawa ha weld
emdstlon It was in, and
vas thermion, far more rr
bUmat. It. wortb. 1. .mpeteut 'than the farmer to
without • value ..deed, be thought that a (armor,
amount of '' out
been attashal, seeing the mall
Hon... Able phosphate" is Spootier's L)tssoi•Q
Fa. (Mr. F., not lam 4.11 • just 'pinion of it, though
11.• .underii) baying wens dies:deal knowledge,
.41•611 i it was • good mature. Mi. Soooln-r :
" not MIRO it yortraelv.s? Mr.haundima: We don't I 'enderataad it' vs mould sot tail what was hose phot-
Oats awl "bat adastal, bat UN abaalat woabl kaow.