The Daily Times.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1860-04-07 00:00:00

SHORT MEASURE IN BEER.

I
am glad to tee that Government are about to con-
tißeY the best steps for counteracting the mations
system of
.ialse. measures. There seems to qe a great
anomaly in the law in this respect, When I have in
my coals the merchant is "e04e114 to deliver a ticket,
and to. satisfy me 'chat he delivers 'full weight; but
when have .in my weekly nine-gallon' cask of tablf,
ale, the brewer, as I find, regularly. and s.7hematically
cheats me. The fact having beeß accidentally brought
to my notice, I measured:,rothin
(E3.6---called) nine-
gallon caski, and round they would not hold above
eight gallons. On remonstrating. with the brewer, he
candidly
(4
small - 7thed that the coopers- always make these
casks short measure, and in fact that private
f
alines never are served , with the full Measure they
pay kir.

If a 2;:cik'n.ek of ioalt must by law weigh 2241 b.,
why mild tOt niae-gallon Cask by law bold nine
gaildits I—Paterfamilias.

THE ENGLISH PUGILISTIC CHAMPION,

Tom Sarcra can 'physically be best dek4tied, says a
London correspondent of New kork:Spirit, by
the word "ttiirdy." c Stands like a rock, tvalkS with
the hainches :en a firm, easy, swing, makes, you fancy
thlt qt.'s no use knocking that chap down—he'll be up
again before I can say 'Jack Robinson,' and, like the
Titan, twice as strong for having kissed his mother
earth." That's where the chief point of difl'erence
between the two rival cininipions lies. Sayers' face,
when he is out of condition, it large, and somewhat
inClined to be Addy. his eye is of the " pig" order
deep set, and inscrutable. It is most danger-
'ens, because you cannot understand the bearings, of its
expression. It does- not intensify in gaze when he
means mischief, and so give yen. wiining of the' coming
"auctioneer," but it the same—stoical—imperturbable
—either wheU has just been floored, or the moment
We're 'he propels the terrific right hander that is to
send at once to the grass the unhappy "candidate" who
stands before him.. Then fighting never was reduced to
such cold-blooded Matter of fact science as it liasbeen by
Tom. From the moment he enters the ring, he regards
his opponent r), l'anhject" that it his duty to
dissect. This idea, in the stolid way it is impressed
apen his mind, never leaves him until he sees the
sponge thrown up by somebody, whether by his own
or the other:side it does not matter; as those who saw
the fight with Nat Langham will remember. Such
power of self-devotion to, and concentrative energy
upon a given object, renders him for the tithe in my
opinion, invincible. Ten nanifol, by severity of pun-
ishment, divert his mind from the undivided idea and
intent of eltitnate victory ; and his body is so tough that
you cannot wear that out before you have demoralised
'the less material part of his organisation. To beat him,
an antagonist must do one of two things—blind or
stun him. " Ould Nat " had science and strength
enough to do the former, and came off conqueror. I
am told the Benicia Boy has the requisite amount
of sledge-hammer in his fists, his flexors, and
extensors to do the latter. We shall see. Totn has
been taken off his pins with "'rib roasters'" and "jaw-
breakers before' now ; 'ydt he always' managed te ttake
himself up in the thirty seconds alloted betf-sen rounds,
and .come up to the scratch at the tient-keeper's call in a
rough and ready sort of way that was not to be trifled
with.. In his second fight With Aaron Jones, for instance,
some sporting lord (Deumlanrig, I think) offered Jones
a pretty roan& tiouceur if he would get first knocked
down in a certain, indicated round. Jones,: who was
as plucky as what's-his-name, went in to, earn his
money with a will, and regardless of consequences, p,;ave
the gentle Tom such .a straightener on the neck as not
only "stretched him prone," 'but caused his backers
serious doubts as to whether he would ever get up any
more. But Jemmy MasSa spoke up sharply to him,
gave him an extra squeeze of the sponge, and he woke
op somehow, astonishing everybody round the ring by
his steady march to the scratch. Old hands exclaimed
at the time, "By-Jingo, if it wouldn't take a rfintlian
club to knock the senses hont o' =such a cove as. that !"

M. Jules Coignet, the well-known 'landscape painter,
and M. Moreau Sainti, ProfesSor at the Conservatoire
de Musique, have just died at Paris".
AN ELOQUENT PEERESS.—The late Duchess of
N------
was very large and fat, had good sense, but was not very
refined or delicate in her expressions, nor much addicted
to reading. At one of the great assemblies in N
House, Lady Talbot, a very slight, delicate woman, who
affected literature, happening to stand tear a door wkere
there was a gKeat throng., 'exclaimed, "Good Lord, this
in as difficult a pass as the Straits of Thermopylter "I
don't know-what street you mean," replied the duchess,
"but lam afraid I shall never get my through it."
The consternation of the learned lady may be easily con-
ceived.--Life of E. Alfaiew.
A LADY FORGETTING HER NAME.—The Paris Cor-
respondent of the John Buil relates the following :—" I
heard an amusing anecdote the other day, illustrative of
Prole& incompetency to master any foreign tongue. A
young married lady, wedded to a German or a Dutch-
man, was making purchases in a shop in the Chausee
d'Antin. At length she desired the things purchased
might be sent to her address. And your name, ma'am ?'
Really, sir, I am not acquainted with my name; I
was the Princess TremouUle, and I have married the
Baron—Tenter—Tenter--. If you will call my ser-
vant, who is at the door,. I think he knows."

THE HUMAN, WHISTLE.—A lecture on the melodious
power and musical capabilities of the human whistle
was; delivered at Manilla-house, Peckhaxi. Rye, -the
other evening, on behalf of the Pedkhani Ragged
School, by a gentleman who assumed for the occasion
the nom de guerre of " Aulotes." The lenture was very
cleverly given, and the illustrations were admirable,
affording •the utmost satisfaction to a body of visitors
who crowded the room to suffocation. Among the songs
whistled to perfection were "My pretty Jane," "Tell
me my heart," and "Meet me by moonlight." The
lecturer has evidently studied the art of whistling to
advantage, and certainly ought to appear more frequently
than heretofore.--fifer. •

THE EFFECT OF THE 131/FrGEZ o &Ult. ItdANS AND
GRIZAT TASTE.—The effect of the -"Glatistote•budget "
will be to bring into more- `A-eueral use articles hitherto'
confined to few persons. 'What were viuxuries for the
wealthy" may now be-'anjoyed 4 tlie less affluent.
Great taste and small m ean -aba sometimes uncomfort-
able companions ; they, ma no longer be unhappy
together, as such great, .44...-3'ities are now given for the
gratification of both. Altaost all duties upon useful and
ornamental articles a,
.e -abolished, including textile fabrics
manufactured in 6e tritish colonies, as well as those of
France. The ber
.atitully wrought shawls of India are
admitted free of laty, the only,addition to the original
price being the ' trifling cost of transit.

THE GREAT : SOLAR ECLIPSE OF JULY lB.—By the
monthly notice of the Royal Astronomical Society just
printed, it appears that the Spanish government has
kindly agr (led to lend every assistance to foreign astro-
nomers w ne may wish to visit Spain for observing the
above ee' apse, which will be central over a long distance
In the
.forth of Spain. On communicating their inten-
tions to the Astronomer Royal of the Observatory,
Mad, Ad, stating the place at which they will land, and
the instruments they intend to take, care will be taken
tht At the scientific visitors shall pass the custom-house
fr-..ee., and receive' every assistance and advice from the
Spanish authorities. • For the better guidance of those
who intend to go to Spain, the English Astronomer
Royal has drawn up some instructions which aro printed
in the Astronontieal Society's' Monthly Notices.'
Tim FATES or Anrisrs.,--Art, like' ever-jibing else,
must have among its . professor& a Multitude of shades
and degrees of merit and pOwer. It is really astonishing
when we come to consider the power-of the human mind
as developed in the 'productions of art. What combine-
tion, what concentration of character it requires. to pro-
duce ikat something which is represented upon perhaps
a yard of canvas which we call a picture ! (Cheers.)
Slight as they are in fabric, these works are yet reckoned
among the greatest productions of which mankind has
.been the author. (Cheers.) It is no wouder that in a
pursuit which occupies so immeasurable a space between
the highest and the lowest grades, we should find persons
'who grace the courts and the palaces of the land, and
who enjoy all that this world can supply, and others whO
laie to encounter the hardest and most painful struggles,
and the labour of whose hands with the chisel or pencil
produces them far less than if ar;, mechanics they were
engaged in some workshop or fo,andry.— W. E. Gladstone.

PR"ESE°R ANDERSON CALIFORNIA.—Professor
Anderson, in his parting thanks to the citizens,of San
Francisco, said A wish was expressed in the pages
of the Alla California some days ago, to know the
number Qf persons wh''had visited my performances. I
will here give the at'
Number of magiea' atistics collated from my books :
.1 representations in the evening, 21 :
!lumber of mar
AL representations on Saturday after-
neens' 3'; total , 24; total of the audience, 37,030 ;
the aunc es
number et. rep resentations '`of " Rob Roy," 6; total of
door for a ;9,520 ; total number of payments at the
-population month, 46,645. Now, I believe that the
90;000, of an Francisco is estimated at about
.ad out of this number there must be many
who nev ier visited and who cannot go to a theatre. It
seen that more than one half the entire popula-
tion
; itvinded the Opera House during my stay ;
bel- nave a
.s
, supposing that each visitor came but once,
though I
tielieve that there ought to be a considerable
di""110, taken off the above for those who came two
.°l"_tar.ee times. The receipts of the theatre during the
per'-nd have bean as follows :--First week, magic,
°,;:/48,,-, second week, .magic, 8,131 ; third week, magic,
r_°t",•th week, "Rob Roy," 8,016 dols.-Scto Franctsco
.eraltf.

RELIEF TO OVER-wnotroitt—The House of Com-
mons may be congratulated on having performed a duty
to humanity. They have practically, decided that the
law shall step in for the relief of those ,who have been
fitly called the "white slaves of England," and save
them from a bondage which leads to disease and death.'
It has been known for years that the bleachers and.
dyers of, our factories were worked with a severity and
under conditions involving
took
cruelty. parliamen-
tary commission which took evidence on the matter in
1853 received full 'confirmation .of, the sad sufferings of
the operatives of.these works; but, by a piece of parlia-
mentary, jobbery, the report ran adversely, for it was
drawn up bypersons interested-in bleaching and dyeing
works. It was proved then that' children ware *worked
continuously,, in close rooms, for 37 hours, anti even for
two or three days without time for sleeping • in their
_beds—snatching an hour's rest on boxes, and c ontinuing
to work while so sleepy that it was only
,by lo ud noises '
and by frightening them that their overseers c ould keep
them awake. Of course when a bill to ainend this state
of things was introdeiced, the representatiif a of the
owners of these, works stood to pretest the tt such a
change must involve ruin: But the house rot nembered
that the same 'plea had, been used by the dee il's advo-
cates to, arrest all measures of humanity. I 'hey did a
good work 'proin Ptly;and'after a short and all arp debate
last week affirmud the second reading of thi 3 bill by a
large majority. • . .

.'HE RIFLE MOVEMENT.

It is n„
et easy dVeifate i old importance
of the Hite niOtreliecii,. ko doubt vanity and the excite-
ment of novelty are the' motives that induce many
to take part in it; but that is no reason why sensible
persons should despise it. On the contrary, ;they will
rather Congratulate the countrythat motivee of such a kind
areoturried into so excellent a channel; and some, with
more Charity, and perhaps more acute discrimination,
will see in that very vanity and excitement the laudable
ambition of the young citizen to stand well in the
opinion of his fellows, ,and the natural outburst of
pent-up patriotism in .finding a ready and suitable outlet
for its practical enression. rcw, we are certain, will
sympathise with the ilonteMptUmis siidera arid 1116061-lint
ejaculations—it would be an abuse of langiap to call
them arguments=withwiiich the Movement was recently
stigmatised in the House of cannons by the bearer of
an honoured name, These riflemen, guilty though
they are Of the ''afroeions crinie" of being yothig ment,
are not to be despised. ,The flniieraitt eb.'eral ilia or
their Weiptin ti3', fieitient practice, create in the
iiiidst tit our population a large body of skilful marks-
men, who would prove a terrible thorn in the side of an
invading army, should ever' any venturesome foe assail
. the hearths and homes of Old England., "How oft the
means to do ill-deeds make ill-deeds done,", is one of
the familiar words of Shakspere's wisdom, whiCh reminds
every rich and influential. people of the dnty.that binds
theni to counteract the tenalitations their fame and wealth
Present to the unscrupulous by arming themselves with
efficient methods of self-defence. Every association
which thus adds to the available defensive power of a
nation, and does not diminish itsindtistrial resdurces, or
encroach on the COpltal dedted to reprodUctive par
I.oeias to a, genuine peace society in the true sense of the
phrase., Self-defence, then, being the sole object of
this 'movement, we should be thinking , unjustly and
unfairly, of others if we imagined that any foreign nation
viewed with suspicion an undertaking actuated by
such a spirit, especially when the inducements to the
occupations of peace, and all our means of success in,
tiade, niandiettitt.s, and Coninierte, remain in tinim-
Paired force. Under these circumstances, then, it is
irrational to argue that a brave nation will become an
aggressive power because it is habituated in warlike
exercises, and is skilful in the use of arms. Such
an assertion is a libel on human nature. We
might as reasonably declare that every strong and
courageous man must of necessity. be a bully add
nuisance to hie neighbotiit: The love Of Oric't -t4n
hind, froin which this movement has proceeded, no
more begets hatred of other countries than strong
domestic affections engender quarrels and discord
between different families. Although it may sound
paradoxical, it is nevertheless true that the strength
of this national feeling raises mes, as civilisation
advances, above the low level of national preju-
dices, and frees them from the tyrannio yoke of
narrow, hereditary dislikings. It enables them to
understand other .nations bv.tter, and sympathiser with
them more deeply, for, is Goethe once
hatred is toinethag peculiar ; you always find it
strongest and most violent where there is the lowest
degree of nature culture ; but there is a degree where it
vanishes altogether, and where one stands to a certain
extent above nations, and feels the 'weal or woe of a
neighbouring-people as if it had happened to one's owe,"
How can a man sympathise with other nations whe hat
no feeling for his own 3 Trite h'ettnopnlitAii liberality
is begotten by wisdom In Me Worn of patriotism ; that
whtCh origin'a'tes Ostkhere is a false bastard anti a
shanieleis pietelider.
Leektd at from another point of victv—as a matter
hi physical education —the rifle movement deserves
every encouragement and perhaps, the success hitherto
attending it may be attributed partially' to the strong
conviction that 'is justly entertained tir the high
morally as well as physically, of a healthy body and a
sound constitntion. The eld Greeks were right
when they made gymnastic training an essential
element in the education of youth—they were right
when they
,honoured with crowns and enthusiastic
applause, with joyful escorts and civic privileges;
the, grown=up men who hid won prizes fer strength,
swiftness, and athletic prowess iik Ui‘e ireat lian-hellenic
games. No weitcler then that the works of thir
sculptors remain " a possession for ever," as unrivalled
models 'of Ina* strength,, 'dignity, and beauty, even
nove, Att. 2.000 years enchanting .the beholder, and
filling their imitators, with despair. Our forefathers were
right when outside the walls of their reedienal cities they
had their butts, where prentiee lads raced and wrestled,
pitched the bar, played liablEsivrird, and :practised
with the longbows OUr ptiblic schools and universities
are right in Maintaining trieket, football,' and boating
as prominent recognised features' n training the scholars
and undergraduates. But in 'eUr larger towns there
is a numerous middle class unhappily deprived of
'such a manly discipline. No one can look withetit
dissatisfaction and discontent at the appeaKitice and
physical condition of most of the hicrks and assis-
tantain the offices of mereheltS, solicitors, &c. Many,
too many, of theM are pale-faced, narrow-chested,
narrow4houldered, thin-armed, spindle7shanked bipeds,
neither muscular nor wiry—young fellows who actually
think an eighteen or twenty miles walk' is seniething to
be boasted of. Physically they are far inferior to the
classes' above theni, whose teld sports and active
country life during veenral months in the year
keep them in good tonclition—inferior. too to many
below them in rank, whose bodily strength
developed by their, daily labour. Nmifr 'the rifle
movement supplies an adtitirable and popular means of
giving the class in ettlteitton something like physical
training. The regular drill will stretch their muscles,
straighten tltelr backs, open their chests, and strengthen

their 'frames. The practice will make their eyemore
ionte, their arms steadier and- more active. Lastly, it
will help to wean some, and protect others from, habits
of vice and insobriety, for no one can become a good

rifleman who has his nerves shaken and his muscles
unstrung by intemperate living of any kind whatsoever.

Messrs. Cummins and Brothers, Lloyd's agents at
Queenstown, have addressed a letter to the Times on
the working of the post office and mail service to
America, via Queenstown. They suggest a change in
the day of sailing of the mail steamers from Liverpool
to say Thursday, and a like alteration in the day of
sailing from New York, so that the urgent business
consequent on the sailings and arrivals should fall
within the working days of each week.
Prrr's GREATNESS. PREDICTED BY HIS FAVIIER.—A,
few weeks ago, before Lord Chatham died, Lord Cam-
den paid him a visit. Lord Chatham's son, the present
celebrated W. Pitt, left the room on Lord Camden
coming in. " You see that young man," said the old
lord ; what I now say, be assured, is not .the fond
partiality of a parent, but grounded on a very accurate
examination. Rely upon it, ihat young mom will be
more distinguished in this country than ever his father
was." His prophecy is in part accomplished., ,At the
age of 24 he was Chancellor of the Excheoer ; and
before he had attainod his 35th year, had bee'a offered
and refused the place of First Minister.—Life of Edmond
Match&

NEW MODE OF PROPULSION BY STEAM-SCREW..—A
steam yacht,,4o feet in length,•6 feet beam, and 7i feet
deep, was launched, a few days ago, by Messrs., Wm.
Smith & C 0.,. Cartadyke, The screw, which is three-
bladed, is fitted. at the bow, and the vessel is dragged
forward, instead
,of being,propelled from abaft vis in the
ordinary mode. The engine is of eight lif.rse power, is
on the rotary principle, and is exceedingly simple in
construction. Next day the yacht, which left East
India harbour on a trial trip, with a pressure of iolb
of steam, proceeded smoothly up the river, and after
lying to for a short time, the pressure was increased to.
301 b., when she steamed back to the harbour at: the rate
of from eight to nine knots an hour. The engine worked
very sweetly. Some slight alteration will be made on
the screw, which is expected to increase the rate of speed.
THE, SPANISH GAMBLER.—The following,i which
looks very like a " puff," is published in several of the
journals as from a letter from .Homburg:—" A•Spanish
gentleman, one of the boldest players ever seen, keeps
the bankers at the gaming-tables in the utmost alarm.
He plays the maximum stake nearly every time, and
has, so far, won 1,500,000 f. One of the directors f the
bank has just returned from Paris, bringing R. sum of
two millions to increase the resources of the. bank.
Immediately after his arrival, a notice was posted up at
the Cursaal, stating that the bank at Rouge-et-Moir
would, for the futhre, consist of 300,000 f. instead of
000,000 f, and that the maximum stake for each player
would be 12,000 instead of B,ooof. People go in crowds
from Frankfort to witness the daring and coolness of
this intrepid gamester, who braves such a formidable
bank, and has given his word as a Castilian that he will
play till he has ruined it or been ruined himself."

GEORGEWASHINGTON.—At a sale of autograph letters
by Messrs. Puttick & Simpson, of 47, Leicester-square,
the other day, a letter of George Washington, the
President of the United States, written when a subaltern
in the service of the Colonial Government, to the Qoveruor
of Virginia, sold for £l6 las, The substance of the
letter was as follows :—" I am much concerned that your
Honour should seem to charge me with ingratitude for
your generous and my undeserved favours, for I assure you,
honble. sir, nothing is a greater stranger to my breast, or a
sin thaimy soul more abhors than that black and detestable
one, ingratitude." He- intends resigning his, command,
as
onoe:SttfilhtiitnsO. hardythe smallness of his pay.
reasons,
enough to encounter
a“dfuheirtga eave
and undergo the most severe tryals, and' I flatter myself
resolution to fact what any man durst as shall be prov'd
when it comes to the test, which I believe we are upon
the borders off." Requests, if he cannot be allowed
British 'pay, to serve as a volunteer ; other officers will
not remain long without •an alteration. Institutes com-
parison between the pay of the British officers and those
of the American army.. "If we should be fortunate
enough to drive the French from Ohio—as far as your
honour would please have them sent to--irt 'any shoe
time, our pay will not be sufficient. to discharge 'o ar
-
first expenses. . • . 'The motives that lead me b
.ere
were pure and noble. I Jhad no view of acquisition, but
that of honour, by gent ing faithfully my kinr and
preceding letter. Ile has, met a-body of the French,
enterprising
country." He relates Ilia movements in continu' Aiion of
the
and-had an engagement w. ith 'them, and taken,, amongst
other
andpris oanperes;soMnoonfs.grdeealllJ.asfuobrcetii‘ a bold,.
man, ,and curl/ling." He
expects to meet a large fol •ce of the Fran.ch, whom he
must withstand if they are five to one, or he will lose
the haulm "Yon. hono ur may depend I will
.net
be surprised, let them cot ne what hour they will, and
this is as much as I can pi •omise ; but in, best endea-
vours shall not be wanting to deserve morn, I. doubt
not but if you hear I- am beaten, but you will attke
same [time] hear that we ha ve done our duty in fighting
80 long [as] then was a poi sibility of hope."