The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1874-12-12 00:00:00

EPITOME OF NEWS.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

A nose show lately took place in a little town of
Austria. The ',pet and ugliest got the first prize.
'there were three prizes. Eighty noses competed for the
prizes.

AL-wages hare been interchanged between the King
of Hawaii and President Grant, the former announcing his
departure from hau Francisco for Washington, mid the
latter offering him a welcome in the name of the nation.

-
The pig iron manufiectrirere of Penneylvailie and
Nevr.L-ney hare hid a ineeting in Philath,ll hia for the lin',
pose ,if reducing the production of pig iron and thus prevent-
ing further deuce in the price of that article.
-

'lle (It atbs of tbiriy-three persons agf-,1 aevendy
and upwards are announced in The Tiiprs of Mord ,y and
uesoay. Fourteen were aged eighty years and upwards ;
one was ninety-three, and another ninety-seven.
-

•
It Li announced that fourteen female medical
students have Just completed their course of study, under
the direction of the ladies committee of St Petershurg,
and will lie passed in the present month alter their full term
of three years.

Mr. Theodore Martin's first volume of his "Life of
the Prince Consort," written under the sanction of the
Queen, has just been published. The present instalment of
the work carries the biography as far as the birth of the
Princess Louise in 1848.

At the opening of the Italian Tionqe of PaHia-
rnent last Sat urdAy the Speaker announced the sudden death
of Signor Desamhrois, the President of the Senate, the last
survisang statesman who signed the fionstitution of 1545
promulgated by Charles Albert. Signor bells proposed that
the Chamber should suspend its sitting. Signor ktingnetti.
tor the Cabinet, and Signor Mancini, for the Opposition, con-
curred, and the motion was carried without opposition.

The Tr,asury return isimed on Tuesday shows that
betw,i n the la of April and Saturday last the rereipts into
the F.achequer had been £47,874,399, as compartd with
£47,054 89rt last year. In the same period the payments
Were £49,614,756.

• • - -
Mr. Richardson, the fleeretero of the United States
Trea,ury, states in his report ti' , t the receipts for the year
have amounted to 322,000,000 islla and the expenditure
to 302,00.,000 dollaia He °fain at s the receiots for next
year at 293,000,000 dollars, 1..1 the expenditure at
273,0e0,000 dollars. The abolition of Carlow tares la
recommended, and the substitution for them of an additional
10 cents per gallon on spirit& Mr. Rjthardeon also re,on,
mmls the appointment of a Commission to report Upbn the
TOW.

1177,'. 12,

the _ , Schimtum
the _ al.lapsnese new,.
Advice @ from Wilt inform tw that 7,000 peeple
were killed dating the tweet earthquake at Cabal.
'fhe Austrian barque Diana, with wheat, from Fra-
ternal. to Nan. was totally wrecked at Ounwalloe, Mount's
Bay, un litesdey atternoon. Tie ceptain and his wife, with
the crew, an. re all saved by the rocket apparatus served by
the Mutton coastguard.
According to the return of the Registrar-General
the deaths from scarlet fever in London, which in the two
previous weeks had been 124 anti 97, frrther declined last
week to 92.
Lord Chesham was on Tuesday elected Preaident of
the Smithfield Club for the year 1876. The Prince of Wales's
the President for the ensuing year.
The number of pictures elfin the Royal Scottish
Academy this year numbers 271, the ratite being /.5,600.
This is nearly doable the number sold at any exhibition of
the Academy prior to Ib7o
Building in Italy would seem to be a dangerous oc-
cupation. A new office is being erected in Itorne for the
' lfilliater of Finance. The other day a workman fell from
the scaffolding and W , making the hundredth victim
of accidents upon tbe sime building.
lii an article on the criminal classes, in the Daily
.h4tre, the writer says that the number of persona wider police
`surveillance in Prance is far greater than in England,
although the lumber of habitual albums's is lean.
Marshal Maellahon met with a mishap on Sunday
sight. fie was driving into Paris to dine with General
Chabsud Latour, when one id his tios sea fell in going down
the Intl at tleaTtil. and was disaided. The Marshal hired •
spriug cart and drove into town in that vehicle punctually to
lime.
Die Russian Government has, it is announced by
telegraph, ordered the expenditure of a hundred million
roubles hr the construction of barracks a-id military pri-
sons, rendered necessary by the introduction of universal
conscription throughout the Empire.
More sanguinary rioting is reported from America.
Telegraphic advices state that 700 negroes had attacked
Vicksburg with the objet of reinstating the displaced
sheriff, and that they were repulsed with the loss of 25 killed
and wounded and 40 prisoners, the loss of the whites being
net down at one killed and two wounded.
A method of producing an exact imitation of marble
has been discovered, The most ihtricate veining and grade
tions of odour can be produced, the veins not being merely
on the nut Lice, but running through the Material. It can
be maeufactured cheaply, aud it. plasticity enables the
manufacturer to mould it into intricate designs, and the
polished surface can easily be kept clean. The invention
bids fair to °lake its way to general acceptance in the many
objects for which it is fitted.
So far as physique is conceined, the Royal families
of Europe are notably the-Ineldikir and vigorous persons. The
German Emperor Is physically the finest looking man who
has reigned eine° charlemagne. Ills nephew, the Red Prince,
in a formidable hussar. The King of Italy and Prince of
Wales are fatuous for horsemanship. The Russian Emperor
is a man of great stature Rua great endurance, and his sons
are like Min. Don Carlos Is six feet one inch high, and three
of his brothers have distinguished themselves.
It is announced that Mr. Disraeli is nearly restored
to his twiner good health. The air of Bouruemouth has
produced the most satisfactory ell ects upon him and he is
able to walk about and attend to his official duties.
There are now in Paris a husband and wife, named
Vernier, from the department of the Haut Rhin. The hus-
band was horn in the reign f Louis XV. arid the wife in that
of Dods XVI. It. Vanner has lived under a dozen different
gOVeruillentS ; he is 106 and his wife 96.
Arrangements have been made by the India Office
authorities for the publication of the journal kept by Mr.
Robert bogie (the only Englishman who Was ever at Lhassa)
during his stay in Tibet in 1774-6. The only copy believed
to be in existence has, says the Academy. just been acci-
dentally unearthed from among the Addition MSS, of the
British Museum,
Mr. John Albert Bright, eldeat son of the Right
lion. John Bright, attended a Liberal nieeting at Rochdale
on Saturday. lie said that in his opinion the reccut reverse
of the Liberal party was owing "to the widespread ignorance
which existed on political subjects, and to the present
anomaly of representation. Liberal RaSociations, he said,
were doing a great deal towards removing one of these evils
—Via, "the political ignorance."
Early last Saturday morning the French brig AI feed,
of St. Brimix, came into collision off the Mumbles head,
wills an English schooner, which sank almost immediately.
The crew, consisting of hire men, got on board the
Alfred The bulwarks and deck-house of the latter were
carried away.
M. Crdmieux, Deputy for Algeria, has celebrated
the fiftieth anniversary of his being called to the bar, by
presenting to the Advocates's Library at Paris the collection
of law hooka he has gathered together daring his long
career, and which contains no less than 620 volumea -
Age should not always be reckoned by years. Some
men are old at forty ; others are young at eighty. Tillers
ruled France when he was over eighty, Von Moltke planned
the French campaign whon lie was more than seventy, and
Palmerstou at seventy was in his greatest vigour.
There was a aomewhat serious inundation at St.
Petersburg on Monday night, a donut storm having canned
the tide to rice nine feet above high water mark More than
a thousand persons Were compelled to leave their homes and
find shelter elsewhere, but no loss of life is repOrihd.

The mean temperature at the Royal Olmervatory,
Greenwich, last week was 33 degrees, or Gore below the
average. 7he lowest night temperature was 23 degrees Cu
Thursday, while the highest teumetature in the sun was 75
degrees on the following day.
- -

Some difficulty lies in the way of the proposed
annexation of Nomansland for the purpose of uniting the
Cape with Natal. in consequence of the apposition of • power-
ful tribe who inhabit the territory, and who are said to have
2JOOO fighting men. The Governor of the Cape, Sir IL
Barkly, has been visiting the country in question.
A Chinese Prince of high rank arrived in England
by the niail steamer Pomerania. lie visits England on
behalf of the Chinese educational mission to ascertain by
personal inspection the respective merits of the public
schools for the education of Chinese students, as the lin °list
Court intend to send • large number of intelligent Chinese
youths to this country to acqu.re in•und educitional attain-
ments in physics and the English language. The commis-
stoner speaks and writes English fluently.

According to the returns which are furnished by
the engineers of the Metropolitan hoard of Works, the
average daily quantity of sewage pumped into the river
Thames at Crossness I. 255,034 cubic metres, and at Barking
241,095 cubic metres, equivolent to about as niany tons by
weight—say, in round numbers, half a million tons of sewage
are thrown away into the river every twenty-four Lours.

After baying been visited by 38,000 to 40,000 per-
sons, the fourth mama! Liverpool Corporation Exhibition of
Paintings was brought to a close on Saturday by a eonver-
aasione in the Erie Public Library and Museum, where it
had been held. The gathering included about 1,000 guests,
comprising members of the corporation, foreign consuls,
official personages, a large number of ladies, and several
artists.

The United States' Commißsioner of Agriculture re-
ports thst the demand for semitropical fruits for experiments
In Southern States to very great—beyond the ability of the De-
partments to supply. The Chinese tes.plant is especially in
demand, and ninny thousands of young plants have been sun.
tributed during the past year.

- -
The late typhoon at Hongkong and Macao, accord-
ing to the oftl..ial rewirts published in the China papers,
niu.sed fearful de.truction of property and life Taking the
former nrst it appears that in Hongkong 278 houses were
totally, and 740 partially, destroyed, and that 4,0.10 to 6,000
dwelluigs suffered more or leas. Among the foreign vessels
there were thirty-three casualties, and 200 of their cress s
were drowned. The total loss of life at Hongkong, Macao,
and in the Heongshan district Is estimated at about 25.000.

At Mariahilf there is a novel society. A number of
young men have formed an association to which none but the
sons of house-owners are admitted, and the members of
which engsge to marry none but dowerless girls without pro-
spects, under a one of 10,000 norms, to be devoted to the en-
dos malt of a poor couple.

The number of immigrants who have arrived at
New York from January 1 to November 1 ef the present
year, as recorded by the Commissioners of Emigration in
that city, is 136,657—name1y, from Austria, 1,191 ; Bohemia,
2 822 ; Ilenmark, 3,133 ; England, 18,138 ; France, 2,361 ;
Germany, '30,681 ; Hungary, 691 ; Holland, 1,348 ; Ireland,
88,816 ; Italy, 4,680 • Norway, 3 543 ; }inside, 6,540 ; Switzer-
land, 2,199 ; Scotland, 5,084 ; Sweden, 3,881 ; United States,
2,652 ; Wales, 1,705 ; other countries, 802.

•. - -
On Monday evening her Imperial Majesty the Em-
Mess Eugenie left Paddington on a visit to the Queen at
Windsor.Castie. The Empress travel'« d in a 81110011 attached
to the five o'clock down train on the Great Western Railway,
and arrived at Windsor at 6 35, Mr. Underhay, mayor of
Windsor, and several Court officers were at the terminus to
receive the Empress, who at once drove to the Castle and
dined with the queen. The Empress reinamed at the
Palace for the night, a guest of Her Majesty, and returned
to Chiselhurst on Tuesday morning.

A meeting wai held on Monday night at the Birm-
ingham Town Hall, in favour of securing a day's rest no
Sunday far the letter-carriers. The Mayor, Alderman Cham-
berlain, presided. A memorial was adopted, praying the
Postmaster General to discontinue tile Sunday delivery of
letters in Birmingham after the let of January next.
There are 132 noticee of epplicatione to Parliament
In the next session for railway and tramway hills, as com-
pared with 179 for the session of 1874. 205 for the session of
1873. 133 for the session of 1272, and 137 for the ses.ien 011871.
Of the 132 notices, 35 are for the incorporation of new
companies, 30 for the extension of time to purchase land.,
and complete works ; and 19 for deviations from authorised
lines and the abandonment of portions of lines not required.
The 132 notices include 7 for tramway bills.

Le l'iyaro says that the other 'day ;n old-fashioned
rat-h was picked up In the public street in the Chausseo
d'Antin and token to the police depository of stray objects,
On opening the case, the following inscription was found en-
graved en the linable ;--"1 his watch belonged to the King
Louis XVI , sod was given by him to the MILE Edgeworth,
in the carriage which conveyed him to execution.' On the
outside are toe arms of France, surmounted by a cross.
Mr. A. W. Chase communicates an interesting fact
in connection with an account of the destruction of fish on
the Oregon coast by means of the explosion of n Itro-gly ceri no.
In this tie remarks that some of the fish are killed outright
by the explosion, wild° ,them s appear to he simply stunned ;
and that in several instal" s, after having flab apparently
dead for half-an-hour, sealed, the intestinei taken out, and
prepared for coking (tile head, however, remaining on the
body), they begin to flop around as briskly as ii just taken
from the water
_

Sr Robert Phillimore delivered judgment on Mon-
day in the case of " Martin v Ilackonochie, 'hi the Court of
Arches. The use of candles at morning service not fur the
purpose of giving light, the processions with banners, wit!: a
picture of the Virgin Mary on a crescent, the singing of the
" Agnes Del " the use of the sign of the cross in the presence
Of the congregation, of water bread, and of the cope,
chasuble, and sib in the Communion Service were held to 1,0
Illegal. Mr. Mackonochle was, therefore, suspended for six
week. and ordered to pay the costs.
—•

The Overland Mail has brought us some furthes
particulars resiscting the investigation into the identity of
the supposed Nana Sahib. Public 'pinion in Cawnpore waa
tending against the prisoner being the Nana, and one
Hormusjee bendy, a Panes witness, declared the captive to
be ten yearayounger. On the other band, native evidence
is alleged to be untrustworthy, anti those wbodake this view
point to the openly expressedes)mpathy of the natives with
the Nana. It is not known when the present invistigstion
will close, and very little of Its results are allowed to coma
before the public.
During last week 5,73 G births and 4,768 deaths were
reghtered in London and twenty other large towns of the
United Kingdom. The natural increase of population was
V. The mortality from all causes was at the average rate
of 33 deaths annually in crop 1,000 persona living. In
London 2,9 l births and 2,1,2 deaths were registered.
Allowing for increase of population, the births exceeded by
39, and the deaths by no less than 410, the average
numbers in the corresponding week of the last ten years.
The largest proportional excess occurred among the deaths
of persons aged 60 years and upwards, due to the great
fatality of diseases of the respiratory orit 0,.
The T ima of India reports that on November loth,
a diabolical attempt was made to poison Colonel Plia)re
the British residtnt at Isaroda, though no tunattly withoui
effect. It appears that Colonel Phayre was in this habit of
drinking a tumbler of sherbet eve, y morning, and on two or
three occasions, finding it unpleasant in taste,. he threw it
away, until at length he observed a white sediment in hie
glass, and this on anal3sis proved to be arsenic It is
alleged that this attempt to poiwm was made from political
motives, hot eight persons having been ore, sled, it was
deemed desirable not to state many particulars pending no
ingairy into the occurrence.
The Christmas Show of the Stnithfield Club opened
on Monday in the Agricultural Ball, Islington. There was
a considerable falling off in the niimlivr of animals exhi-
bited, but the quality of the shots was not infvrior to former
years. l'he Chanipion Cop for the best beast in the show
was awarded, after a close competition, to the Prince of
Wales. The animal which has won this high honour for
his Loyal Ilighness is a white iihorthern heifer of rare
merit, which was exhibited In the ertra st or k —lt is estimated
that about 2r05.0 persons ',noted the Show on the first stills
ling day. From_snornins till ntitht the building was erewtleft
with delfghla anmtriN 0.1 fit stock.

. _ 1874.
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Id U e CkineaneasAi aro usinpapera

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PrC. 12, 1F74. TEE STOURIIIIID6E OBSERVER. • •
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• • -
SATt7I.I)AY,

"LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN
RAILWAY COMPANY V. JAMES."
Thia ocular (We came before the Master of the
Rolls on Monday by adjournment from Chambers.
On the llith of „Vara, 1870, one of the steamships
owned by the co*any, called the Normandy, came
into collision with ref teanatihip called the Mary, and
many of the paesengers, with their luggage and effects,
were lost. The Court of Admiralty held theNorniande
alone to blame for the collision, and actions were com-
menced against the colepany, some under Lord Camp.
bells Act, by the representatives of passengers lost;
some by survivors for loss of luggage, delay, and in-
jury ;and some by consignors of geode lost. The corns
pony instituted a cause of limitation of liability in the
Court of Admiralty, in which orders were made stay-
ing all pending actions on payment into court by the
company of the sum of £6,376 (being at the rate of
£l5 per ton on the registered tonnage of the steamer),
and ordering that sum to be paid into court. A pas•
senger named James, however, alto had brought an
action against the company, commenced proceedings
in prohibition, on the ground that the viand of Ad-
miralty had no jurisdiction to entertain the cause; '
and in June, 1872, the Court of Exchequer Chamber, !
affirming the decision of the Court below, held that
the plaintiff was entitled to have the prohibition issued,
inasmuch as the jurisdiction given to the Court by 24
Victoria, cep. 10, section 13, could only be exercised
when the ship or proceeds thereof were under arrest,
and that in this case neither the ship nor her proceeds,
nor anything equivalent to her proceeds, was under
arrest. The issue of the prohibition left the persons
who had brought actions, or intended to bring actions,
in respect of the collision at liberty to proceed at law
against the company. A Mrs. Jackson, whose
husband, a dealer in fruit and vegetables, had been
lost, thereupon commenced an action, under Lord
Campbell's Act, as atlininistratrix of her husband.
claiming damages for the loss. The company allowed
judgment in Mrs. Jackson's action and the other actions
to go by default, said filed the bill in "London and
South-Western Rail .ay Company v. James " praying
that the amount of their statutory liability might be
declared and distributed between all parties who should
establish claims in respect of the collision, and that
the various actions might be stayed. Mrs. Jackson
came in under the decree and claimed damages for the
loss of her husband, and also for the loss of 350
sovereigns, which her husband was said to have had
with fam. Her claim of damages for the loss of her
husband WM met with the objection that her action
had not been brought within twelve months after the
collision, as requires! by Lord Campbell's Act, and the
Chief Clerk adjourned the claim into court.
Mr. Opeenheim, of the Common Law Bar, appeared
for Mrs. Jackson; Mr. Southgate, Q.C., Mr. C. T.
Simpson, and Mr. Begg for other claimants; the
Attoruey-Geueral, Mr. C. W. Wood, Q.C. of the
Common Law Bar, and Mr. Locock Webb, for the
company; and Mr. A. E. Miller, Q.C., and Mr.
Clarkson for the owners of the Mary.
The Master of the Rolls, after disallowing for want
of evidence Mrs. Jackson's claim in respect of the 350
sovereigns, said it was with the utmost regret that he
found himself compelled to reject herelaiin for damages
for the loss of her husband. There could not be a
birder cane, for while the order of the Court of
Admiralty was in tome she was precluded from bring-
ing her action, and by the time that order was out of
the way it was too late for her to bring her action. H
the Court had the jurisdiction to deal with Acts of
Parliament which it exercised two centuries ago, he
Mould be tempted to disregard in this instancethe pro-
vision of Lord thunpbell's Act AA to the bringing of ac-
tions within a year. It would seem strange to any
one who was uot a lawyer that this poor widow should
have to suffer for the mistake of the Court of Admi-
ralty. However, the was bound to know the law—to
know that the Court of Admiralty did not know the
limits of its own jurisdiction, and that its order was
void and might be disregarded. But of course she did
not know all this and did not bring her action within
the year, and he must, therefore, most reluctantly
reject her claim.

deem it a favour to be allowed to give his aid towards
honouring, in the person f this helpless boy, the name
of him who enriched our literature with •• Robinson
Crusoe," aud who fought so bravely for the free,
done of the English Erw.s. Sir, I appeal to the public,
and to our literati especially, on behalf of this worthy
cause. Charles Dickens, Charles Knight, and Walter
Savage Lawlor, among those who laboured for the
late James De Vie, are gone, but I refuse to believe
that there are not still with us enough good men and
true to rescue this last scion of the great Englishman's
name from misery. Among those willing to aid in
this work, need I state that it is deemed an honour
and a duty for me to offer the name of. Sir, your
obedient sirvant, JOHN H. INGRAM.

Howard Douse, Stoke Newington-roan, Dec. 7.

its destinatim and there was another French
Expedition to Tobolek. Observations were made at
mauy placer, the unfortubate Le Crentil. the French
coy to Pondicherry, making hie on board bip. In
1769 name the celebrated voyage of Captain (then
Lieutenant) Cook, in the Nadracour, to Otatiehe, on
behalf of England. The King of Denmark rent an
observer to Lapland; and the French Academy des-
patched one to California, in addition to Le (lentil.
'l'he latter had waited at Pondicherry since 1761 hoping
to make tip by good fortune in 1769 for his partial
want of success in 1761, but the Fates were againet
him. _

It will be seen from this rapid statement that, so
far as the number of the personnel is concerned, the
present Expeditions are beyond all precedent. This
remark raturally applies much more strongly to the
means of observation. Not only do modern telescopes
bear the same relation to those used on former oc-
casions as a Woolwich gun does to a smooth-bore
musket, but two new instruments of inquiry have been
added to the scientific stock in trade. This morning,
If the weather has been favourable, more than a score
of cameras have obtained permanent records of the
black spot travelling over the sun's disc at one part
or another, or during the whole time of its passage,
and if the spectroscope bliq not been used to record the
planet's contact with the sun long before the eye or
photographic plate could detect her presenee, and
again to mark the exact instant at which she parted
company with it, it is not the fault of the instrument.
I Bat it is not merely to the personnel nor to the instru-
ments employed that we wish to draw chief attention,
but rather to the indications afforded that the example
which Ingland and France have of old set in promoting
such inquiries is being followed by other nations, and
with a most remarkable vigour and intensity of pur-
pose. Denmark, which took no part in this morning's
observations, has been replaced by the United States.
Germany, Holland, and Italy, and the part played by
these nations new to thia peaceful strife, is most im-
portant. The United States lead all the other nations,
in respect both of the amount of money which her
Government has contributed, and of the discomfort,
not to say dangers, the stations she has chosen
in the Southern seas. Posts of importance which
were given up as to hopelessly miserable even for
enthusiastic English astronomers will be occupied
by Americana. The Germans have closely followed
England and the United States in this noble
competition, and although the sunt contributed
by the German Government is small compared
with the American subsidy, the German observations
made this morning in the South seas will be among
the most important obtained by all the Expeditions.
With regard to Italy, also, there are the same signs of
scientific enterprise. The spectroscope, which forms
no part of the equipment of the English Expeditions,
was intended by her men of science to be their chief
weapon of attack, and as in no country is there such a
skilled body of spectroscopists as in Italy, this
determination was prubably not arrived at on insuffi-
cient grounds.

vessels leaving that country before a Ppoicified time,
and there are row sirs of some action being taken in
the matter by our Own and other Governments. That
some etch steps are negeasary is apparent if the b eed
of seals is not soon to be evterminaa.ii that they
would be followed by the very best results, even those
who might at fret complain of restrictions being placed
on their movements, and of their trade being
" hammed," do not deny.

of a law limiting the value to be brought m by any
one person to a reasonable sum. By the provisions uf
the Act of the 14th f 1370, the amount of house-
hold dfects which could be imported by an iminiigrant
free of dttty was limited to Srinn, but, unfortmately,
this limitation was inadvertently removed by the codit
fication of 1874, under which such effects to any
amount may be brought in free, awl the Commissh cry
is informed that since the eodificati wentinto opera-
tion large importations are being made in effects of
this kind."

Wilt, then, is the meaning of all this? It is that
as the world grows older each nation as it developes,
as the United States, Germany, and Italy have of
late largely developed, under modern conditions feels
the necessity for taking a continual and a largely in-
creasiii,,,, share in the promotion of science even in its
most abstract forms. It should be a subject of pride
for us to know that in this they are but following the
example set by England in former centuries, includ-
ing the days "when George 111. was King." If
we consider the revolutions effected by science
since Captain Cook's famous Expedition to observe
the la 4 Transit, we shall not be astonished that
the nations are beginning to vie with each other so
eagerly in its development. When Cook sailed in
1768 Watt was 32 years of age; in the very year of
the Transit he introduced the closed cylinder, and so
gave us the steam-engine of to-day in its essential
point. In the same year the founders of chymistry
were in their early prime. Priestley was 36 years of
age, Cavendish 38, Black 41, and Lavoisier 26 ; Dalton
was three years old. What has not chymistry done for
England since their time? Be it always remembered
that all the work of these men was of the most abstract
kind, and 3 et that out of it has grown insensibly a large
past of England's commercial greatness. Nor is this
all. There is another development of science still
which must be mentioned, but which is of so recent a
date that in 1769 no one whose name is now associated
with one of the greatest triumphs of science was born.
We refer to those discoveries that have belted our
world with the electric wires which to-day, from the
most distant parts of our planet's surface, will bring to
Europe the results of this morning's work.

It is a proper subject of national pride that the bene-
fits derived by the world from the invention of the
steam-engine and the electric telegraph, and from the
various applications of chyruistry to the industrial arts,
have all, until the last few years, radiated from England.
We have here the secret of &large part of England's riches
and England's strength. Bat it is uselesstohope that the
mere knowledge of the acquired facts of science will fun
nish that new weapon which nations are now adding to
thesword toenforce their superiority. The mental soil
which produces new ideas for a nation's use can only be
cultivated by the discipline of scientific investigation.
Further, it cannot be doubted that, as modern civili-
zation is still further developed, the new ideas which
a nation produces and throws into a concrete form will
be among the most valuable of its exports because
each nation will work up the old idea for itself.