The Press.
London, England, 1853-10-01 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The Emperor of Russia arrived at Olmiitz on the
evening of the 24th ult. The Emperor of Austria
went to meet him as far as I'rerean, a small town in
Moravia, where a magnificent tent had been erected.
The two Emperors, alter embracing each other, con-
tinued their journey on horseback, followed by a
splendid staff. In the evening the town of Olmiitz
was brilliantly illuminated.
According to Moscow letters, dated the 17th, the
Czar, ou leaving Olmiitz, will proceed to Odessa.
The semi-official Corresponden: of Vienna state.;
that the most perfi:ct understanding subsists between
Austria and Russia, especially concerning the East-
ern question. " Nothing is more likely than that
the two Emperors, when met at Ohniitz, will occupy
themselves very seriously with the condition of
the t'hristians of Turkey. as it is their duty so to do.-
M. Titow, who was Russian Ambassador at Con
stantmople, has been summoned to Olmiitz. It
is said that he will ho consulted on the Eastern
question.
The accounts from the principalities report the
continued influx of fresh troops from Russia, and
the rapid levy of new recruits in the neighbouring
provinces. Forty thousand men were to be added ti.
the army in Wallachia. making a total force of mole
than 25,000 across the frontier. In consequence A'
movements made by the Turk', Prince Gorochalictf

OCTOBER 1, 1853.

had changed the position of 40,000 men forming the
4th corps d'armee. The troops were stationed
between Bucharest and Kalafat, by Krajaowa. From
these movements it appears that the Russians pro-
pose to pass the Danube near Widdin.
The Jtutenieut published in our late edition la .t
weak, that a s:iluu.iron of English and Freneh ships
from B sika flay had passed the Dardanelles. is am-
ply confirmed. At the date of the last accounts 'lvan
Constantinuple twelve vessels had arrived ow that city,
or were anchored at Buvukdere. They consisted of
—British, Retribution. Fnrious, Niger. Tiger, Fury,
and Carador : French. Noyadar,Gtotter. Said., Chap-
tal, Ajacciu, and Fried/and. The immedate cause
of their summons to the Bosphorus was the alarm
excited in Constantinople from the movement of the
Ulemas. anti apprehension of disturbances et the
Mikan'. It is stated that the French Ambassador
took the initiative in demanding the presence of the
naval force; and that the combined detachment of
vase's is under the command of the French Bear-
Minkel Le Barbier de Thum.
A Dutch squadron was to leave Malta on the sth
nit., composed of the Pri nee ran (Prange and the
Palau:bang, the former bearing the flag of Rear-
Admiral Bouricions. They are to be shortly followed
by several other vessels of war from the Texel. It
was not known whether this fleet would comae up to
C onstantinople or cast timber at the entrance of the
1) irdanelles. The Dutch were showing strong sup-
port to the Sultan.
The matitime forces assembled at Besika and in
the Bosphorus, comprising the British and French
squadrons, the Dutch fleet, and the Turkish and
Egyptian fleets lying in the Bay of Buynkolere, form
t ogether a naval force of almost unprecedented
a rength. The Retribution and Caradoc were an-
etureti within a quarter of a mile of Therapia, the
r.Nidence of Lord Stratford de Redefine.
In order to lessen the impression which this de-
mmstration is calettlated to produce on the Emperor
of Ifussia, the French and English Govenintents
h eve directed their Ambassadors at Vienna, Baron
d Borqueney and Lord Westmoreland, to proceed
ti Olmutz, to pay their respects to his Majesty.
They are also directed to embrace with eagerness
any overture that might by possibility be mule to-
wards resuming the negotiations.
Notwithstanding all the apprehensions that had
Lem excited, the Feast. of Bairam, which commenced
on the 14th of September, and lasted four days,
passed off in perfect tranquillity. ExtenSive mea-
sures of precaution had been taken. The garrison
and police were reinforced by strong detachments of
troops and peace-otlicers, and 1110 crews of the ves-
wals in the harbour were confined on their ships.
During the feast the whole population was, as usual,
out of doors. The Fumpeans, more numerous Rout
ever at Constantinople, were present at the relit(
ceremonies, without being in the slightest degree
molested. On the contrary, the greatest considera-
tiou was shown them from every quarter.
After the Ilairam a special Cabinet Council was
convened, under the presidency of the Sultan. None
were present but the Crand Vizier, Redschid
Mehemet Ali, and the Sheik-i-Islam. Nothing
transpired respecting the deliberations of the Council.
The news of the rejection on the part, of Russia of
the modifications of the %lentil' note arrived in Con-
stantinople on the 15th. It produced a profound
sensation, but there seemed to he no danger of a
popular rising.
A good understanding is said to be restored be-
tween the war and peace parties in the Divan. The
Ileums, upon better advice, had rescinded their war-
like manifesto. Petitions and placards emanating
from the war party out of doors we-me still, le.wever,
evtensively signed, and circulated in spite of attempts
ru ole to check them, and the arrest of several persons
supposed to be concerned in their concoction.
Terrible instances are reported of cruelties per-
petrated by the Turks upon the Christians in the in-
terior of the Ottoman empire. The Augsburg :Ilk-
genteine %Minty publishes a letter from Salonich,
dated 10th of August, which contains the follow-
ing:

"The situation of the Christian population of MonettHa
IS becoming more fearful from day toobq•. The Christiana
are Snacked, plundered• ilboosed, and 1111 l rdered, not
merely on the high roads by rtobbers and soblicrs—termot
hial are quite synonymous at present—lost these armed
wretehes enter their house,•s by flaw to eolumit their ratio-
levo hnooliwork with impomity. Convents are no longer
respected. The gates of two of them ut Kytros and
Voting were lowed by armed Osmanli ; the abbots were
scalded to death in boiling hot water, and the monks were
stuck upon spits anti roasted alive; 1411111 e of them were
also flayed alive. Those who (-Anent ter on boant the
ships or into the mountains umst It • ut home in con-
stant fear of ,loath. As for the protection of the consuls,
or SS for business traffic, no one thinks, of these things, for
they exist no longer. Ws' are happy if only our lives are
spared. The scenes of the worst times of this barbarian
a hainiatnothao are rentrned again.••
A European staff officer writes from Saturnia on
Sept. II th that the Turkish army was making the
la,t preparations usual before entering on a cam•

THE PRESS.

paign. The different bodies of troops were all pro-
vides' with the necessary means of transport. Large
magazines were foretell tier the maintenance of the
army during six months: and in Rountelia an army
of reserve, eomposed of ((edit's. was being organised.
The marching army numbered upwards of stimoo
regular infantry. and 10.0(K) irregular foot soldiers.
about 10,000 cavalry, and upwards of lt4o picees of
field artillery, of different sizes. Three lines haw
been fortitied—the Danube, the line stretching from
Varna to Selma's'. and another line situated further
back. eommenciug at the river Kamesick, which iv
prolonged towards the east, and embraces every pass
of the Balkan to beyond the city of Sofia. Upwards
of forty-four points are fortified. and altogether l'2o
different fortified works have lwen constrnete.l.
Works of colossal proportions have been undertaken
and exeettted, and the greatest energy illt• irct'll dis-
played.
Schumla itself had become a Nflst inlpreguulde
intrenched camp, which it would be almost impossi-
ble to take so long as it is garrisoned by a stitheient
force.
The Si;•e/e states that more than slit, Polo. lime
inscribed their names at the Turkish Embassy, with
the offer of their services in the event of a war be-
tween the Porte and Russia.
tieneral Print has been plated by the Sultan at
the head of a body of .20,414111 mot. The general
had not received any authorisation trout his own tise
%eminent to tweept ally such 4•0111M1111d.
In eonsequenee of the outbreak of cholera at
Odessa, quarantine of tire days had been established
at that city. and a sanitary eotvlon haul been drawn
from Widdin to Sulam.
An energetic movement is loving made for deve-
loping the great mineral resources of Turkey. A
short time since the Turkish tiovemment sent.
Messrs. Leahy, the engineers of the contemplated
railway, together with an that major (Safet
to make a detailed report upon the mineral deposits
which they diseovered whilst engaged in examining
the route for the railway. They have now returned,
aunt have brought with them large quantities of
?almost every sort of metalliferous ore, viz.. gold.
•silver, mercury, caliper, lead, antimony, anemic, and
.iron : and also mat, alum. salt, saltpetre, and sill-
plum The Sultan has taken mite(' interest in the
inquiry. It is ealeulatell that the ',mance of these
mineral fields will amount to four millions sterling
annually. The gold has been found near Adrianople,
in plains formed by the earthy deposits, its the
ferruginous sands of the river Aran, and also on the
slopes of Mount Pelion and Mount l )ssa in Thessaly,
intermixed with extensive deposits of lignites. The
silver and lead mines appear to be of most value,
and of immense extent, particularly those of 'Mount
Peli 111 l , where more than two hundred olitfiTent
galleries have been already opened, oho Willg an
amount of richness in mineral deposits almost
fabulous. In general the silver and haul atv gaunt
together in beds and veins, traversing the ancient.
or crystalline limesnow formation's, which alter
nate with clay-slate, said to be the usual position'
for the richest mines of that sort. The great ad-
vantage the lead mines of Mount 'idiots possess
lies in the fact of their being only three or loom-
Dales from the harbours of %kira and Vol°, and
baring ass abundance of water ismer and fuel.
There exist also considerable coal 'nines on the
coast of the Black Sea, which are worked by the
liovemment. This coal is used by the steamers of
the Turkish fleet, and by those that ply on the
bosphoorus.
1,1. de Bruck, the Austrian envoy, is said to be
charged with the tube,' of exhorting the Turkish
(iovernment to open ways of eommunieation towards
the Adriatic ports and Austrian frontier.
The pmject of a railway front Constuntinople to
Belgrade had been anbmitted to the tiovernment of
the Sultan by British engineers, and was in a fair
way toward"' being realised. Russian influence, how-
aver, interfered, mid stweeeded in laying dittictfities
in the way; and than subsequent political differences
between Russia and Turkey have proved a IlitallralWe
to the immediate prosecution of this design.