The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1877-03-27 00:00:00

THE FIOSRITAL OR WASHRORSE.

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The Corporation, by benefactions and charities from
inhabitants in PM, purchased two houses in St.
Peter's, part of the Old Hospital Lands, in support of
the poor of the three parishes. There are now (1833)
four houses built leased out .m lives.
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William Whiteway, by deed dated 15th October,
1617. gave an annuity of £5, issuing out of • house in
St. Peter's, tor the benefit of the three parishes, for
the better endowment of the Hospital, &e.
John Perkins, by deed dated 15th October, 1617,
gave an annuity of I:5 out of a house in The Holy
Trinity, (late James Henning's,) for the benefit of the
three parishes, for the above purpose of endowing
the Hospital.
John Gould gave an annuity of £8 payable for ever
out of a house in St. Peter's (late Fisher's) h.:wardd the
support of the poor of the three parishes. '
! Richard Bnahnxl, by will dated 28th November,
1628, gave £4 per annum out of land at GI inville's
Wootton, towards the support of the poor of the three
parishes.
Edward Dashwood, by will, gave £3O in money, the
interest to be equally divided among the poor of the
three parishes.
Juliana Perkins, by will, gave the sum of £lOO, and
by deed dated 19th April, 1660, granted a rent charge
of £6 per annum, payable out of the inessuages, &c.
called the George lon, for the benefit of the threi
parishes at Lady-day.
John Satuways, by will dated April, 1738, gave an
annuity of £1 per annum, chargeable on his dwelling.
house in The Holy Trinity parish for the laying out the
same every two years in the clothing and binding out
apprentice a child of some poor inhabitant of the
parish of The Holy Trinity or St. Peter's.
Thomas Gape, by will dated 29th January, 1677,
gave £lOO, the profits of which were for the benefit of
the poor of the three parishes, viz., one moiety to the
poor of All Saints, and the other moiety between
those of the two other parishes.
William Gape, by will, gave an annuity of £5 per
annum for ever, out of his live tenements in St.
Swithin's lane, London, for the poor f All Saints,
William Churchill, by will dated 17th April, 1639,
gave £lO in money to remain in stock for the use of
the poor, hi be laid out in sortie profitable employment
for their yearly benefit—vested in The Holy Irtnity
ch u rch wardens.

Thoniaa kr-eite gave in money for the nee of the
poor of the town.
George Lock, by will. ga% e £2O in money, the
interest to be paid to the poor of the parish of All
Saints by the ueer.eers.
Robert Thorne', by will dated 31st May, 1600, gave
his messuages in the City of London to Trustees.
The annual share to this town is stated to be
£l6 170. 6d.
Mrs. Elizabeth Cozens, by will dated 19th November,
1818, gave £5OO, having £5 per cent annuities, the
interest to be applied in January yearly, amongst the
poor women aged 50 or above, of good character, and
not having received parochial relief within sin months
preceding. In St. Peter's, £6; in Holy Trinity, £5;
In All Saints', Ei ; and equally amongst the inhabi-
tants of Chubb'. Almshouse, £3; Napper's Almahouse,
£2 10s. ; Whetstone'. Almshouse, £2 10s.

"STEAM CULTIVATION."

nig was the subject of the following paper read
before the members of the Dorchester Farmers Club
by Mr. Eddison, of Martinstown, and of steam-plough
celebrity, on Saturday e% ening last. Mr. Genge, the
president of the club, was in the chair ; but a good
attendance was operated against by the wretched
weather which prevailed. Among these present were:
—Mr. Chapman Saunders, Mr. Alfred Pope, Dr.
Aldridge, Mr. Damen, Mr. H. W. Hawkins, Mr.
Taylor, Mr. Oakley Saunders, Mr. Loader, Mr.
Trood, Mr. Lush, Mr. E. Damen, Mr. Thompson, Mr.
C. Nugent.
Mr. IDDILIOII havai been called upon said :
In coming hers to-night to open a discussion on Mama
Cultivation, I mart you to excuse me if I appear 13

repeat some of ,the remarks and suggestions, which I
made the last time I venture.l to address the club on the
same subject a few years ago. I feel that I sin treading
ea • beaten track, and that in speaking to men who are
practically acquainted • ith the subjeet, it is n..t. no,-enemy
Co my much about the value of steam, as an atinliory
power on the farm. Many in this room have UStsi steam
on their own land, and are, I feel sure, much better
swaddled than I ern, to state the results of steam cultiva-
tion, as they have many mere opportunities of seeing
their land after it has hem cultivated, an I the objeet of
the few remarks I have to make this evening, is not to
put before you my own of the edvantage of steam
cultivation, but rather to promote a diseimmon of the
subject, he those who have tried both steam and horse
power on various kinds of soil. There are many more setts
of steam cultivating tackle at work, not only in this
enents, but in the king-low, than there were seven years
ago. I think in ISM there was only one :et of .foible
engine tackle at work at any time in the county. There
were a few roundabout sets, some of which are possibly at
work now. I do not intend to go into the if eetion of
which of the many systems is the best to use, as I consider
that it has been nettledto the satisfaction of most people,
that an engine at each side of the field is by far the best
plan, and it would only le waete of time to discuss that
matter. There bas certainly been some change in the
quantity and description 14 tuna-tile used. Since 15.70, six
seta of steam tackle are working for hire of me in this
part of the county and the borders of Somerset, three
more seta work between Dorset and Wilts towards
Salisbury, totally for hire and since that time our worthy
vice-chairman has purchased • set of double tackle for his
own use (and his friends when lie does not require it
himself.) No doubt one roundabout ban left the
county and been supplanted by a double set to
work on a fann, and does some work for others
after the work is forward at home, three or four
sets of roundabout have loft elther for follows fresh
and scenes anew, or, I think more pmbahly, for the scrap
beep, and one I know has remained idle while the land
ban been worked by a passing double net. I hold that
celtivati in of the land by steam has now become a
necessity, in conseamenee of the increase-I cost of horse
and manual labour; and, not only for that reason, but
from the extra benefits which are to be derived from it.
There are better crops, both in quality and quantity, in
most cases after etearn than after homes A mixture of
the gutreoil with the old soil seta very benefically on lend
subject to club-root, and also on land upon which it Is
difficult to raise a plant—or, rather, to preserve • plant of
red clover. I have noticed in many rases the root crops
are sounder and heavier than usual, and that the clover
does not die away. Steam cultivation need not be deep
cultivation ; I do not think it advisable to co deep at once,
but to deepen the soil gradually, so each tinte yott deepen
tilt is possible that a little extra manure will let nemied,
though in many cases an extra working with the cultiva-
tor would pm.lnce. as great a benefit ti the crop as a
hundred weight of manure per acre. Treading on Hay
lan,! is always to he avoided if possible •, mei if that kind
of land is broken up in the summer, when it is generally
dry and hard, you are certain of a good tine. to 411 w the
wheat, and the soil is much improved by letting in the
sun and air. There no doubt that when the laml is very
, heavy or hard steam is a much cheaper power thou horse
labour ; and in many cafes where horses m iubl not possiltly
break the Intel at all it is worked into good order by
Steam power with the greatest ease. It has been calenhe
ted that in plolighing an acre of green.' three horses make
about 350,090 foot mark-s awl rover as niece gronnil as
they plough with their fow-marks. Thiii I think is not
likely to do good, loot harm. If you have mtemes at work
I they do not neml rest for any inn of a flue slay, as vou
only need 'top them in ease of on aecislent. On light
land it iv posslble that the difference between steam and
hors.- power is not quite no apparent to some as on the
Mon.; land ; hut the greater a:tether of those who use
steam in tide county bane light land, and from If you
on I may consider that there are many sl van, us i ration Why
a Mall uses steam. On stony land you will Mel the sel
more didnedroture front the pace at whhh the steam
drawn implement travels or should travel, the ground
; being in-see ehaken, eVI-,1 down belie where the lynes
the implement have been when driven Omni five unites
an hour, the meal pace at whhb a stram-thiven donde-
, went shoal go, than when the name class 14 implement
is drown as fast so it iv possible to make the horses keep
going. Thete are some who never use steam unle-s they
haVP a piece of land extremely foul—veer hard—is to
way from home, or are compelled to ure extra strength of
mine kiwi, to get their work done in time to sow the crops
Is their proper season, never using steam except Li a tut
gesource. keeping the mule number of horses end men as
they formerly slid Others have done away with a team
of bores's, and depend on having a certain amount of Mad
worked by steam, not as an extra expoise, but as a part
of the regular work of the farm. Others wont help putt
after the crops are off in the autumn to pet in extra or
artificial (mope of !Cohan rye gra., trifot , rye, or
vetehes. I have heard people say they would not nee
steam in the spring, and others that they would not ears
for it in the autumn, but from now reason mr other it is
certain that steam is much mom generally used than that
It was some years ago, and that the use of it is increasing
rapidly, Imtli at home and abroad, and is not looked upon
ON a fancy or hobby, but as a positive necessity, and if
the present steam cultivating to-kit's were to he taken
away, farms rs would soon have newts to replace them, for
It is not altogether a question of the price at which land
may be reltivatml, but the manner in which it is cul-
tivated. When farm-roads are better hedges ore
straighter—and further from each ether in many else&
more use will be node of steam, and, of eourse. the mot
will be is.., as there is not so much waste time sad So
Illtleh waste land Orates abet are often in the middle of
the hedgerow of a field : they would be far better for etearn
purposes if at the corners, as not SO 1111ICh of the land is
run 1111011 after tieing cultivated once, in crossing from
corner to corner to work in the contrary direction the
sec.in.l time. Farms will he altered. no dente,
in time to sod the requiremente of cultivating
arm:trouts, an barn, and stack-yards have lesm altered
since thetehing machines were first driven I y steam.
Means of engine travelling from farm to farm will no
doubt he the subject of consideration in the next Mill
brought into Parliament for the regulation of traction
engines on made and tramways. And I hope We shall
have a Bill with clauses which will ensure the safety of
people who are driving horses Oil the roads, awl at the
some time not be vexations and oppressive to the owners
end tuters of all kinds of traction engines. In bringing
my remarks bra close I will just notice one or two of the
principal points to be btrne in mind by those who with
to derive the greatest benefit from the use of steam
tackle. The land should be dry enough to work well.
That deep ploughing, over five inehes. 'Mould in moot
eases be avoided, and that wherever practicable the land
should have been deeply cultivated the year before. That
It is generally better to work the land two ways in order
to have a geed tilth, and that autumn is the oeason for
the greater part of the work to he done at any rate all
the sleep, stony 'Mould be done then, and the land only
lightly worked in the spring, a.s a great deal of useful
ntoisture is worked out of the land if much has to be
done with land in spring—a very frequent cause of failure
of the turnip crop. The work done by the steam imple-
ments should be closely followed by the horse (rollers)
drags, and not allowed to take root again, or much of the
benefit will be lost. Col and water oho MI he oupplied
regularly, as if that is done irregularly the firm get low
Sod burn more coal thou if the firing is regelar. In :ill
easel the coal whielt firmlumm the greatest heat is the
best, and to buy a coal at a low prier is often as mistake,
especially_ when cartage has to be taken intn account.
Mr. flawatxe wai tho first to spealc after the
reading of the paper, and express.l himself as
extremel7 obliged to 31r. Eddison for the lucid
manner ut which he hail brought the qtteetion before
them.

Mr. TAYLOR believed there was nothing for a farmer
desiring to cultivate his own lands like a set of round-
about tackle.

Mr. DAMON believed the question of steam cultiva-
tion was a growing one, awl that in the course of a
few years it would be far more in vogue than now.
lie could not help thinking it was a mist important
essential to agricultural pre,cress, when they consblered
the extra rate of wages that Wai now being paid. In
the county wages had risen 2.5 per cent. It would be
therefore incumbent upon them to find a cheaper
means of cultivating the land. From the agricultural
returns they were losing ground it seemed every way.
They grew less corn and less wheat —not km barley it
was true—but they had got noire land under fallow
than they had had for many years before. Awl there-
fore it seemed to him swim fresh system was necessary.
What that system ought to be he will it praethl ti

say.
Mr. (.11APNAIC SAUNnrna expressed his •enpe of the
practical utility of the paper which hail been read before
them, and his agreement w ith Mr. Dameu's remarks in
reference to the rate of W.lgeP. Drawing conclusions from
the fact that not 14,1 very many years ai;o steam drills were
introduced awl people were very much startled, but now
all such scruples had been removed that steam would be
Introduced upon their highways without much fear of
frightening horses, as Mr. Fstilisfip had alluded to.
Dr. ALDRIDGc predicted that in a few years time stsaiin
would not only supersede horse power in the field but on
the road.
_

The riey.eippyry give a congratulatory rewioit of Mr.
Eildisolis address, awl a vote of thanks to the reader of
the paper concluded the proceedings.
The annual dinner is fine I for April ISth.