The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1863-12-08 00:00:00

AMERICA -PAST AND PRLSENT.

On Monday evening, a masterly and eloquent lecture
on the above subject was delivered at the Townball,
Blandford, by T. Falvey. Esq., of Southampton,
editor of the Hampshire Independent, • gentleman
who Ins kindly given his services on behalf of the
Working Men's Club, year by year, ever since its
formation. It was confidently hoped that on the
present 0001600 Peglin, Eaq., formerly of Bland-
ford, but now of Southampton, and lately elected
one of the Town Council, would have presided. In
this, however, the company were disappointed, but
his place was ably filled by the Rev. B. Gray. The
hall was well filled by • highly respectable audience,
who repeatedly expressed their concurrence in the
lecturers views. Previous to the opening of the
meeting, the company were favoured with various
selections of music, ably given by Marrs. Applin,
White, and Monckton.
The CH•IRMAN, in introducing the lecturer, said
he was very sorry the gentleman announced to
preside was unavoidably prevented from attending.
Mr. Falvey was no stranger to them, though it was
the first time be had had the pleasure of being
present at a meeting to hear him. He was sure
they would give him which was his due, and which
he had received On previous occasions, an attentive
hearing. (Cheers.)
The lecturer on rising was very warmly received,
and after expressing the great pleasure he felt in
being again praise, with his Blandford friend',
proceeded in the first place to consider some of the
snarly ties by which Englishmen were united to
the people of the United States. The past and
prompt history of that country concerned every man
woman, and child in the United Kingdom. He
might say with the father of Grecian philosophy,
" Whatever conoerns one man concerns me." The
Americans were our kindred, spoke the same language,
and were bound to us by the most intimate ties.
Whatever affected them affected us, and therefore we
could not read of the great conflict going on across the
Atlantic without feeling oonsiderable interest in it.
The speaker then ooatrasted the fearful amount of
slaughter in America, battles with those in which
England had been engaged. The battles which had
decided the destinies of Europe, bad been mere
child's play to that of Gettisburg, and others waged
in America. Passing from the magnitude of the
contest, he next proceeded to show how much we
were interested in it from the loss sustained to our
manufactures. Happily, said the speaker, we were
being relieved of a part of the evil, by the treaty
concluded with France by Mr. Gladstone,
which had opened up a market for our cotton '
manufactures. He next traced the history of
America from its past discovery by Columbus, and
other enterprising men, till the time when it began
to he colonized by the Saxon race in the reign of
James L, and proceeded to give a full outline of the
various settlements made in the country from the
time of the landing of the Puritans at Plymouth rock,
till the war of independent's in 1773, when America
threw off her allegiance to the mother country. That
war was chiefly brought about by taxes imposed on
all tea imported. Franklin and Washington
jected the measure, alleging that they had no right
to he taxed but by their own legislative assembly.
The result of the contest was well known.
Americans gained the day, and then was signed that
noted declaration of independence which commenced
with the words "All men are born free and equaL"
"The object of human laws is to provide for the
greatest amountof happiness to all," &a. Now he, the
lecturer, asked his audience just to consider this,and
contrast it with the system of slavery in the Southern
States. The progress made in the United States was
then commented on. In the history of the human
race no nation had such results to show in the same
number of years as America had. Before the war
broke out there were 50,000 mike of railway, and
the population had increased from three millions in
170+6 to 31 millions. In 74 years they had soma-
plished more than other nations in several centuries.
The speaker then, with forcible arguments, corn.
betted the opinions of those who attributed the pre-
omit calamity in America to its republican form of
government, and then proceeded to give clear and
most convincing statements as to the cause of the
present war, which he said must be attributed to the
determination of the South to maintain and per-
petuate slavery. He also clearly showed that the
South were entirely to blame as being the first
aggressor*. The secession was planned and matured
long before President Liocoln took the reins of
government, be being elected in December, but not
taking his seat till March, and the South fired the
first shot at Fort Sumter. In the oourse of his re-
marks on this point, Mr. Falvey referred
to the discussions which had taken place
among the members of the Working Men's Club.
He was very glad such subjects were discussed,
as they were peculiarly interesting to working
men, and hoped that they would continue to be so,
and that the members would examine the question
thoroughly, for if they did he believed that the 14
to 7 in favour of the South would be reversecL The
Southern people never made any apology for what
they had done. They looked upon slavery as the
corner stone of their constitution. The lecturer
then went into the question as to their right to
secede. Each of the States, he said, voluntarily
entered the Union, so as to receive the benefit of
the support of the whole. They were not forma
in, and therefore when they had put themselves
under that prokction, where was their right to rebel
unless they had some just ground of complaint ! The
Southerners never for one moment held out that they
had, and therefore they were rebels, and must bear
the blame and the fearful responsibility of the
fratricidal war now going on. The speaker con-
cluded his remarks by a powerful appeal to all
present to enlist their sympathy in aid of the slaves,
and exhorted all calmly to investigate the subject
for themselves.—A vote of thanks was, on the pro-
position of the chairman, unanimously awarded him.
One of the members of the discussion class said be
thought it right, as the lecturer had alluded in • very
pointed way to what had passed at one of their
meetings,to assure him and all prises( that there was
not onobs&ossging to the Waling Maio Club but

what looke4 upon slavery with the greatest abhor-
rence. (Hear, hear.)
The meeting then separated.

A New Memo, or KILLING &COL —Some time
ago M. Commandeer. of Paris, accidentally left in his
garden • pot, in which he had been snaking experiments
with starch and ioline ; the pot, imperfectly covered
with a piece of board, remained exposed to the beat and
rain for three weeks, when, on looking one morning into
tt,he was eurprised to find it tenanted by scores of teas
and dugs, thst had congregated in it from every part of
the garden. He repeated the experiment several time,.
and ascertained that the emanations from iodine will
attract these creatures from • considerable distance,wheto
they may be killed by hundreds.
GRAM AND MALT—Mr. Cayley, Of Wydale, big
made came practical remarks upon grass lands, in sup-
port of obsirvations delivered by Mr. Dent, M.p.
the Scarborough and Hacknese agricultural meeting,
that the grams lands of the locality were not half-formed.
It is obvious, mays Mr. Cayley, to any one with the
slightest amount of chemical knowledge, that if you
turn out of • pasture to a butlier • dozen fat bouts
that have been calved there, bred there, and fed there,
their bones and carcases must have come out of the
land. Bone oonsista mainly of lime and phoephorus an
combination, but the rest of the carcase mainly of nitro-
gen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, all of which the
lend obtains toe certain extent (tom the air and war;
lime and phosphorus being solid bodies, the land can
get neither from the air nor water, and when exhaurted
they must be supplied artificially, or stock will not do
on it. There is both lone and phosphorus in milk and
cheese. If cheese or milk be taken from lend long to-
gether, without return, lime and phosphorus must be
restored to it, or it will become barren,. according to
theory. The Cheshire practice is entirely an accordance
with the theory. Mr. Cayley believes that be is the
only person in the neighbourhood who has tried the ex-
periment, and it has answered; the place where the
hones were laid lees a totally different akin from the rest
of the field. The proper cultivation of grass and the
proper mode of converting tillage to grass are of growing
importance to the farmer and landlord. The low peke*
that seem to threaten us will sooner or later make this
s grass country; and thereupon arises a rather curious
point. The world her been much surprised at the
decrease of stock in Ireland. It has been suggested by
a large practical farmer that the solution is tierf simple,
and is merely this—that nearly 100 acres of moderate
land formed as a tillage fares, carries more dock than
the same 100 acres would if converted to grass, and that
the gradual convention of the poorer Irish land to grass
is the cause of the decrease of stock. This seem to bold
with the average of land—say worth El per Mee er
thereabouts; but whether it bolds with respect to lend
of a first-rate quality seems more doubtfuL Here is a
oat for readers to crick. If the proposition be true to
tiff full extent, it seems to amount to this—that in the
long ran cheep foreien corn will produce deer home-
grown butcher's meat, and experience seems to point to
the same result. The unnaturally low price of corn will
compel the farmer to lay his land to gran, which may
pay the farmer and landlord because of the saving of
labour; but the saving of labour is the ruin of
the lebourer, who is driven to the colonies; a result
regarded with unanimity by our statesmen who have
rucked the pap of Manchester philosophy without
having pot on the •lobbering-bib of expenenee. But if
this policy leads also to the scarcity of mutton and beef,
the said statesmen will scarcely be regarded with
equanimity by the blundering British public who had
trusted them. The price of all grain—wheat, barley,
and oats--is unnaturally forged down Be. or 6s. &quarter
by the malt tax. This is difference enough to keep
much under the plough if the tax were repealed; while
if the farmer was allowed to convert his coarser barley
into malt for feeding (and malt is the best cattle food in
the world), he would nolmoger be driven by unjust laws
to lay down his land to grass, • mem fraught with so
much evil to the country; and yet at present, in self-
defenses, there does not seem to be any otiose *curse open
to him.

According to statistics of the fur trade in the North-
West, published in St. Paul's Press, a Minnesota
ttgrioeths°47.Pasolinslooladwc=°Arls°boear,
foxes, 28,000 minks, 2,258 otters, 1,600 martins, and
250,000 musk rats.
The Emperor presided over • Council of Ministers on
Monday, at Pam, and received the Papal Nuncio and
the Russian and Spanish ambassadors, who handed to
his Majesty the replies of their respective Governments,
to the invitation to the Congress.
A New RAILWAY LAIIP.—TIao trial of a newly-
invented description of lamp for lighting railway
platforms. goods stations, k.c., took pilaw on Friday
eiening last at the Devonddre.street depot of the
Great Eastern Railway, in the presence of Captain
Bel field sod Captain Martindale, who attended from the
War Office by order of the Secretary of State for War,
and the authorities from all the principal railways in
London. The yard of the depot en question is about •
quarter of a mile in length ; and although four of the
new lamps are fired therein, only two were brouLlit
into requisition on the present occasion, the light from
which was found amply sufficient to enable the work-
men in every part of the yard to dispense with the
ordinary hand lamp hitherto in use. Indeed such was
the illuminating power of the light that small print
could be read with facility at a distance of 45 yards;
and the scientific gentlemen who witnessed the effec
expressed their entire satisfaction with the result of the
trial. The lamp. are constructed upon the principle in-
vented by Dr. Brown, late • surgeon in the Royal
navy, and have been fixed under the superintendence of
Mr. Sinclair, the chief engineer of the Great Eastern
Railway, by whom they were introduced into general
use on that line. From the great success attending this
new mode of lizhting railways, there is very little doubt
but that Dr. Brown's invention will ere long entirely
supersede the old system upon every railway in the
kingdom.
HORNIIILX'S Prig TZA is choice and strong, because
it oonsiste of the most valuable growths that are full of
rich essential properties
It is moderate in price, because it is supplied direct
from the importers to the consumers by agents.
It is wholesome to use, because the leaf is not ' faced'
with the usual powdered mineral colors.
These advantages have secured for this Tea a general
preference. Sold in packets, with the price printed on
each, and signed by H 0111111311.11 & CO., Original Im.
porters of the Pure Tea.
The Agents for this locality are advertised In our
columns.

The "City Prue." J two 7, 1462, speaking of Bligeng'S
Argentine, says, " Beautifully finished works of art,
well sustaining the deserved popularity of the producer."
This splendid material is a compound of various metalse
with • heavy deposit of pure Silver, forming one hard
compact body, possessing all the beauty, richness of
colour, and durability of Silver, at • fraction of he post.
When the Argentine and the real Silver are placed side
by aide, the most skilful judge cannot distinguish
between them, while its durability is so great that after
many years' wear its appearance remains unaltered.
During the last seventeen years it hair been so well
received by the Public thst its manufacture has been
extended to all those articles usually made in Silver,
ria, Spoons. Forks, Dinner, Tea, and Coffee Services,
Waiters? Bread and Cake Baskets, Cendelabra, Dishes
of all kinds, Epergnes, Claret Jugs, ko., &sr., ke. A
Sample Spoon will be sent post-free to any part of the
United Kingdom on receipt of 30 stamps, and an Illus-
trated Catalogue, containing 300 Engravings, and fun
Price-list of the various manufactures, both in Argentine
and solid Silver, will be sent to any address on receipt
of six stamps. A prise Medal was awarded to J. W.
BENSON for "Excellence of manufacture, Argentine-
and Electra Plate." Post-office Orders and Cheques
should be made payable to Jones W. BENSON, Branch
Establishments, 46, 47, and 63, CornbilL All com-
munications should be addressed to the Principal
Establishment, 33 and 34, Ludgate Hill, London.
Established 1749.
Watch and Cloak Maker by special Warrant of Ap-
pointment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.
THE ELECTRIC LIGHT Is NOM PRODUCED DT THE latent
but immense force of the Magnet, precisely similar to
that employed in Herring's 'Magnetic Brushes. Dr.
Hassell says, "I regard them as the most perfect
Brushes hitherto made, as respecta their mechanical
construction, and their Magnetical action." They are
the remedy for Grey Hair, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Ito.
N.8.--Countarfeita are being made.
•
OISOSS, 31, Basinghalletrest, London.
PARLIAMENTARY REPORT.—Mr. White, in his Report
to Parliament on the employment of children in Match
Manufactories (just published), alluding to Bryant and
May's, gays "There is nothing unpleasant or objec-
tionable here; the factory is remarkable for the ex-
cellence of its arrangement, both for the health and
comfort of the workpeople." This is very important.
testimony, as in the same Report the Commissioner
speaks of the dreadful disease (necrosis, decay of the
lower jaw-bone) prevalent amonst those engaged in
the manufacture of ordinary lurifers.
Bryant and May's Patent Safety Match ignites only
on the box, thus affording to life and property the most
effectual protection from fire.
CURIOSITY DATIKFIED.—Rome people will probably
enquire why the name of the most precious of gems
has been selected for the " Monogr) BLACK LEAD."
The manufacturers will try to 'Misty them, became
firstly on account of its purity. secondly its brilliancy,
and thirdly, its great value.—Reckitt St Sons, London
Bridge,..E.y:, and Hull. -

Refoifed by ail °date, Chandlers, Grocers, Iron-
mongers, rke.
}Staff APPRILCIATID.- -it is matisfactory to find that
the famous " Maimma" was appreciated by the Germane
at their Great Exhibition lately held at Hamburgh.
There, as here bat year, it gained from all competitors
the only medal for its superiority. "Nelsen,' is pro-
bably the best food received from abroad, being the
very life of the Maize. No family should ever be with-
ton it either as • diet for the feeble, ores. luxury ;
i and it sas economical as it is healthful. The " Maizens"
it should be understood can be obtained from Grocers,
Chemists, kc.-" Morning Herald."
The" Standard," November 15, speaking of Basemen
Watches in the Exhibition, says- •It has evidently
been Mr. Benson's object to render them rival, in point
of beauty of decoration to the elegant Swiss knickuseks,
and at the same time to preserve Mi. characteristics cl
an English watch-strength, durability, and accuracy.
In point of decoration his watches are certainly unsur-
passed." Chronometer, duplex, lever, horisoutal, re-
peaters, centre imionds, keyleee, split seconds, and every
description of watch, sdap_ted to all climates. Benson's
Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches (free by post for two
stamps) contains a abort history of wlitehmaking, with
desenptions and prime, from 3to 909 guineas ire. It
este as • guide in the panthers of • watch, and enables
those who live in Scotland. Ireland, Wales, the Colonies,
India, or any pert of the world. to select • watch, and
have it met free and safe by poet. J. W. Hanlon, Prise
Medalist. cu. 33; Honourable Mention, Class 15; 33
and 34, Ludgate-hill, London. Branch Establishments,
46, 47. and 63, Canaan. Established 1749.
Watch end Clock Maker by Special Warrant of Ap-
poistmast to HALM. the Prince of Wales.
licaxowar's Miamnim cn Pima.-Dropecal Swellings, -
Wlaseiver say be the remote muse of collections of ester In
. .

the bam°o body, ft must be prudent to (Lewis them m
mos es pomade. Tin resdiest moans of amompline Bdb
sod an 'opined by using Holloway's Olatmeet, to increms
the activity of the absorbent& When this Ointment Is
nabbed upon the akin, It removes all ~no congmten. over
ocean all nanshankal obr racial to the free return 04 th•
blood, end prevents the Msysett of mnme and vratar. 11011.'"Y1
Pills, likewise, asqpnent tido eheorting power • 9.,17Ml
circuitously the capillaries therein the eireelaw.. --
his Ointment ads directly Ikroush the Abe Both should be
employed in &wits au4 clisiessa of the War"