The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1879-01-14 00:00:00

THZ AGRICULTCZAL EXHIBMON.

The CHAIRMAN teed • letter from the eecretary of the
Royal Agricultural Society stating that the annual meeting
of the Agricultural Society of England will this
=lke fotm of an international exhibition, and the
Council of the Society have determined to place the
exhibition on • more extended bash then hitherto. One
of the novel features of the exhibition le • comparative
exhibition of ancient and modern farm implements, with
the view of informing the member. and the public what
advance has been made mince the establishment of the
eeeiett. 40 tete, age. He (the secretary) was therefore
instructed to ask for the offer of a more or less primitive
sloes of implements, which may serve to illuehnte the
stens by which the implement ha. been brought to
maturity. The society will pay the ca,riage, and use
every means to return them inUict. The stecinems are to
be sent not later than March 25, reaching the show yard
Th
not later than the first of June. . escretary
requested the members of the club to amidst in making the
attempt successful, so as to secure an exhibition at once
novel and instructive The appeal was mad* by Mr. H.
N. Jenkins, seereterr.

The CusiamsTiiiited the members to send anything
antediluvian in ploughs, rollers, harrows, milli vatorsaindrehs,
hareem's, steam cultivating engines and tackle,
Mg and dressing machined, slic.
Yr. W. NORMAX spoke of having seen one of the old
canvas fans, used for winnowring.
Yr. G. Hon= remarked those were better than the
enee for winnowing's:Se &NIB as oata
The Usenet:4 stated he bad written to Yr. Spoonem,
asking him to give a larture next month, and had
received an answer, expressing his willingness to do to, if
he could depend upon his health. Yr. Spooner seemed to
with to defer the matter till March. In the meantime he
had got a gentleman to volunteer a paper for February.
(Hear.)
This was 11r. Lipacoml
_,se whom the Chairman proposede
a member, seconded by Yr. Lock, and carried.
Yr. Lipicombe promised to give a lecture on the
Digesters Process, which title was extended to—" On
the F Horses and Cattle, in connection with the
process of Digestion.
Dr. Day then read his lecture on tie Sanitary Acta
TSB PSOFISIONS OF TER PUBLIC QUM.
FC/L IS7E.

The " a maiden of vest importance to
nary oallinrusQL7Tfapost interest to all who value their
own health and that of other,; tide will be admitted on
reference to ''Progress of Sanitary Science" by Professor
ROlOO4 pp 113 —B, when the effect produced by 000temb
meted water to fully set forth conosroing which also Mr.
John Simon, C. 8.. P.R.& late chief medical officer to the
Local Government Board tells us much. Under this
guatiemsa I am proud to say I have studied. Without
further preface to a subject that discoveries at Windsor
Castle, Marlborough House, and more recently at West
minter Abbey and Darmstadt have made more interesting
still, I pass on to remark that amongst the statutes
that have been repealed of late years. at lent so far
as we are concerned, are the " Sewage Utilization
Act 1865," the "Sanitary Act leer (parts 1,1, and
3) the " &wags Utilisation Act, 1867" the "Sanitary
Act, DAS " the "Sanitary Act. 1870." the 'Public Hesith
Act, Ittft and the " Sanitary Low Amami mast Act,
1874 " T Rivers Pollution B• 11 of the Marquis of
Balaban, 1875, having been withdrawn. we are brought
to the " Public Health Act Hat" part 3 of which con.
talus the "Sanitary Provision and deals with the
disposal of sewage, water supply, nuisances, unsound
meat, infectious dia*MISS. ; but time will only .410 W
MO this evening to lay bacon you • few facts re
the "Disposal of Sews.,." I now quote the conaresettaino/
section 13, as everytbjnj that follows is more or less
bond thereca—" Nothing in this act shall so/Shades any
local authority to make or use any sewer, drain, or out-
fall Oa th. purpose of conveying towage or filthy water
tato Lay natural stream or water-coarse, or into any
canal. 'Pond, or lake until, such sewage or filthy water is
freed from all excrementitious or other foul or noxious
matter such at would affect or deteriorate the purity and
quality of the water in such steam or water-course, or in
Inch cam), pond, or lake." Also I would remind you
that It was seacited In August. 157 t by the " Riviera
Pollution Act," that saMcleat time should be allowed
=rarities by the Local Government Board to
polluting the rivers. Now, when this time
expires, surmising the proper action has not been taken
by the local sothorities, Government will step in and
make the INC. alterations and charge them with the
same, at ggerehrr Tydvil, when Dr. Freak.
, lead and an eypact wen sent there by the (hart of
, Cheaper/ In 1M I will read you the result of their
'vials In the tannage of • Mr. Dyks, one of the inhabi-
tants A and it shall be Us rause°, for an inventor of. quite
• different Win eao; 8—" I do net deity that some'
mom= has been at Merthyr TydvU---alatint with
the same breath that he praises his own. About acres of
the land immediately adjoining the road on which the
tanks are placid have been arranged into tlit=arese or
beds, on • plan devised by Mr. J. bailey no
land is a loamy mil. ID inches thick, overlaying • hod of
gravel. The whole of those 10 acres has been amispindaml
to • depth of from See te ems feet TM Inked disks
are placed at regalia diatoms@ ham
his ork oad
bawds the Man ellest dimia—t ovieriftio

feet imp The sad.ge sf the land u forma into beds,
then bays been made to slops towards the inain drain by
• fall stone in 150. The surface is ploughed to rilges;on
thine vegetable, are planted or end sown, the t no of the
ridged furrow ton thedirectionof the undersirath Along
the raised Martin of esth led in each area deliveriog
carriers are placed. one edge being slight'', dePree•ed- The
rtraine.l sewage paean frout the sondulta into the deliver-
ing carriers, and as it or erflowe tin tleprered edges, runs
gently in'o and along the furrows. down to the lowest and
Moot distant part n tllliplot. The sewage continues to be
no delivered for six ho .rs, then an interval of It hours
tales place, and again the land is thoroughly charged with
the fertilising stream. The water percolates through the
six feet of earth and reaches the lateral drain. As to the
purity of the effluent water after this process. nothing can
be mere satisfactory Ose P. 5•1. 4th report. MI. Rivers
Pollution f'ommissione.-1 As to the profile, the same
gentleman informs us that " Italian rye-grass will yield
five crops this season. averaging 00 tons per acre, and
yielding a net profit of £2l per acre. A plot of cabbages
planted in October has yielded a M.+ sum avefiiing £43
per acre. A plot of onions Wu lately been sold at the rate
of =1 per mere." This intermittent downward filtration
▪ stem has many friend., and it has been said even that
" when adopted in combination with irrigat‘on it becomes
the 'safety valve ' of sewage fanning inasmuch as where&
certain quantity of land is specially prepared, the fanner
need not take fflwage on tho irrigated laud whea he does
not want it, nor when the cost of application will exceed
the benefit derives' from it." In order that this system
may rumen there trot he a division of the land luta
four equal parts —looking at it practically—each part
should then be irrigated for .Ix hours, only leaving the
It remaining hours to give the particolar spot rest the
land must ho of a porous nature, the diluent drain not
lose than six feet frost the surface, and the sail inclined
so as to admit of the sewage flowing over the whole. The
authorities at Birmingham have adopted it for Lho in.
habitants. numbering some 00,000 at the estimated cost
of £324 000 . .
- - - •

-- • • •
The " Hanka" ay stem was ahrdoned at Hyde, near
Manch, ster. However "Coax s. ' which is eomewhat
similar, is adopted at Halifax, N'altofielth and Salford
(Captain Lientnnr a, the promtuatic, lies fond but 1111.
f avoar in Busiest d). The C Imoratlon of Rochdale petrAises
modification of this Ft stein, and the report publishildin
iffig by that body state, that the health of the people has
improve I. Mr. Morrell advocates theme of ashes Instead
of earth, and Mr. Smarm& F. 0.14., charcoal tad seaweed
the plan invented by Sir. Taylor is rather ingenious,
and for that by Mr. H. Mottle, tie Secretary of Sate
for India presented £5OO on account of the moms' it met
with in that country . . .
Dr. Bachanan's opinion expressed when comparing this
with the water Interns —" It is cheaper in original oat,"
"It requires less repair.' "it is not injured by (bat," and
"it, Finite in the future cannot be stated;" on the other
hand in the standard work, "A Manual of Pract!cal
Hygiene" by the late Dr. Si inland Pukes, F.R.13 , we
read on pace 343 that "the water system Is the els week
the readiest, the quickest, and in meat runs the tont
inexpensive method of removanit towage. In a few words
about "Irrigation.' in the Stud report of the commisaion
appointed to enquire into the hest MOit of diatributing the
selvaged lowa, and apply ing it to bent fl and profitable
sees, will be found the lowing conclusion,.—' Analysis
shows very little difference in the quality of the milk
yielded respectively from *swaged gram and unsewaged
gram." "Taking the average over three years, and in the
two fields, the amount of produce obtained without sewage
was about nine and-a.half tons of green grass pm here Per .
annum, equal to about three tons of hay, and with 3.000, '
0,000, and 9.000 tons of sewage tier acro per annum, the
amount.' were respectively
.161. 301, an NI tons of green
gram,
equal respectively to about s.Bland 61 tons of hay."
When caws were fed on warmed or uneewngcd grams se
much so they chose to *Mos given weight of the animal
' was more productive both of milk and bantaes, but
especially of milk, on the unseweged than on the sewage
The celebrated Cnigentinny meadows which were
commenced before 1760, and appear to be everything that
can be desired, the crops of rye grass fetched £3O an
acre ; at Barking, where • farm of 220 acres has been laid
out by the Metropolitan Sewage Iteelsontion Company,
the land was cropped with carrote, onions, parsnips,
potatoes, end mangolde, as well as rye gram, and 'le
agricultural result seems to hare been very satisfactory—
tha value of the crape reaching .C3O per acre. At Aldershot
elm it is raid that the best calabages sent into the London
market are grown on the sewage farm. . . .
Let ne now consider for a few momenta the "Cheinked
treatment,"--the object of precipitating sewage is as you
well know to render it pure enough to enter the river.
In the opinion of the River Pollution Commissioners
St/Abort's plan was unsuccessful. . .
Dr. Day then went carefully into several not very
successful plans. .
Effluent wtter is [lnds fit for irrigation by adding
bole and day (silicate of ammonia) tothe sewage sail is
flowing into tanks, the remaining precipitate LS after-
wards dried and converted into cement, some success has
marked the efforts made at Burnley by Its euppotire,
the cement itself finding • somewhat ready sale at Man-
chester: If two parts of quicklime Is added to one of clay
and thoroughlBfiewled with water, the mixture after-
wards being d calcined, end ground to • fine p ardor
we have For cement—the strongest known The
Phosphate of Alumina process, which Is very simple and
one free from any offensive ;Moor, stands high in general
estimation, for it not only thoroughly deodorises the
sewage, hat is itself a valuable fertilizer, produced
at about ,C 3 per ton, being Insoluble in water, it
Is ilasolved by means of sulphuric &cif and dilutor' before
being added to the mange to he presently used for irri-
gation. Manure thus made is valued at £5 a ton, the
coat amounting to only CI . . .
lilt is required only to remove all nuisance from sewage
and not to render the efflient water pore enough to drink,
the "A.8.C." process effects the object very well. .
I paas 00 without for Vier dolly to that advocated by Mr.
F. Hills and adopted amongst other places at Brecon,
Leicester, Tottenham, Brentford, E insonton, Wimbledon,
Windsor, Aldershot, B saingstoke, and Taunton. Respect.
lug the first named, the borough surveyor Mr. Rhys
Davies, writing two years ago this very moan, says con-
cerning the proposed disposal of the eewegs, that "The
great secret- of this system is Ms. Rifle's process cf
mixing the chemic de. willoh is peculiarly his own, and
for which be has taken out • patent, that the mamba'
points in designing for Hille's process are ample tank
room and arrangements for thorough amalgamation and '
mixing of the sewage with his disinfecting compound, and
that one acre of land will he toile sufficient torrent on and
artifidal filtering beds to treat the sewage of 6,000 people
efficiently. . . .
The borough surveyor of Leicester say. (Oct., 1877)—" We
have applied this patent process for the punflostion of
the fluent water the river was greatly Improved by the
application of the process; to effect thts it cost 41. per
head." At the same rate :he inhabitants of Tottenham
were charged, where the perm, dealing with about one
million and a half gallons o sowage, seems to have given
the river and local authonies satisfaction. Major Flower
on the fith August in the lime year gave it am his opinion
rein,., and
mthuastt nihoteorpoey,csaytostammakeemfortuninentiegy onsutitsolblthe ewir
their condition was Hills.: on this it was decided by •
large majority of the Local Board of Health at Brentford
to act. Mr. Keats, analytical chemist, says that the
Elmonton effluent water bens a eser liquid without any
small is remarkably good and sufficiently pure to be
allowed to flow into the river the clerk to the Board
stating that the proems aware at prment, December,
76, to be the hest known. . . .
That Mr. Hills's system be adopted for the disposal of
the sewage of Windsor was unanimously decided on by
the Town Council at their meeting on the last day of
July, 77. Aldershot Ina requested the loan of €1,500
carry feta effect the earn, ethane.
Powell, C.E. of Winthiedonstrongiy recommended
the Mayor and connaration of Baslngutoke to adopt Mr.
Hilt,', process. The Tanmon work, were carried out
nada the control of the Borough Surveyor, or Mr. J. H.
Smith, CIL to whom I am greatly indebted for particulars
and take this ooportenity if thanklu a him in soutane for
g:vola me perupsdon 1a make known any put,. of his
letter. He tails me that he has to deal daily lab 600,000
gallons of 'swami which in wet weather amounts to
1,000,000 gallons, and that work la stopped for • few boars
if it still incremes ; and that the poorest is carried out in
this manner-10 cwt. of lime is slaked, when at a certain
state 11 cwt. of salt le added, and again to this 3 quarts
of rough carbolic acid, the whole II well mixed by being
placed on cylinders to wh'cla is added also water so that In
one day the cost would be 10 cwt. of lime St. 11 cwt,
common pdy la, led, 3 anartass earballe acid 91.—total
fla 1041., 1,1.1. 50, t furei•h us, continoes, with
2,800 gallons of mixture to be atid, d to the sewage: the
sludge is mold at Be. per cart load mon about half drY,
there are alaout two los& perdny. . . .
. . . . _

We ail may rest assured that whatever syetem is ultimately
adopted by the Urban Sanitary Audio' ity, it will be the
one beet suited to the requirements of our county town,
and that it will be eati•factorily curried out under the
supervision of the very able Borough Surveyor. With this
I conclude with the words of the late Dr. Letheby—
" Here, then, we leave the subject (the wswsge question),
and in so doing we put a final 'station—whether the
present system of removal by the agency of water han not
created more waste, greater sanitary denser, and more
expensive litigation than any other
.ystem which the
ingenuity of men could have devised Not forgetting that
the water which is thus wastefully fouled amount• to front
110 to 30 gallons per head of the pepulation daily, and has
been brought at great cost from the purest sources, and,
perhaps, filtered in the most careful manner. Whstother
nation would here been guilty ef such folly?"
The CHAIRSIAN believed Kr. Day had raised many pante
for Memnon, and he called on
Mr. Lock, who mid the midi arrangements of the
Public Health Act were not eo mach within his scope se
: the legal dame Disposal of sewage is one of the umet
vital questione of the day, and tba most vexed question
with the Local Govermeet Board. Roqubies were
made of the Board as to what the Siaitary Boards should
do, the Government Board refers them to certain plam,
end they enquire, and find this. pima bare carried out
Irrigation, nitration, or other plan; and they cannot say
they are suocesefuL Mr. Day seemed to think the Hines
scheme best; but whether it was practicable for villages
and small towns Mr. Uric doubtel. The vexed question
of Maiden Newton drainage had besot before the Authority
three or four years, and lithe inventive germ of Edison
were applied to this question, he might find it more
advantageous than Wren his artificial light. In MD will
00.4 into operetsso en Act providing that no hove built
within the district of • Rural Sanitary Authority shall
be lahabibed until tire Authority has given • militants
that there Is • pure water sanely
.and a good system of
drainage; it also gives power to mks land. As so many
edemas have failed, he hoped Lir. Day might maks his
fortune by advieng son. scheme whereby this important
question may be mind.

Mr. Noitwax (borough surveyor) said the water-carriage
system Is wrens, being diametrically opposed to the laws
of nature ; no question, the dry earth system, if it can be
carried out, is beet, and would produce a in uoure far more
valuable than that made by any other opium tuentimial.
The water-earrings system is wrong ; but it has such •
hold that it cannot be abandoned. and we are drifting
towards irrigation. Government hare not adopted or
recommended any system; but he believed they will, and
that will be irrigation of land. We shall require about
Ile acres for every 1.000 of population. and Daubed/sr will
be compelled to purchme land near Loud's Kill, and let
part of the sewage ft ,w there, and lift the other to It.
Partial precipitation and partial irrigation was in his
opinion the best plan; bat irrigation would be the most
expensive.
Mr. Legg asked—Hod not the Government Board
sanctioned schemes with less than 10 acres to every 1,0001
Mr. Nowlin answered they had sanctioned many; but
none that showed crude sewage to Row into the river. If
any teem wishes to drain cheaply, it had better begin
Kr. C How said in no way bad public money beim so
squandered as in the disposal of sewage. Many costly
had been tried and found Oct to answer; they
were—filtration. Irrigation, Mr. lioule's system, precipi-
tuition. Hales system, and,ao on. He bad seen works in
=on, and in certain circumstances could answer for
access. In country parishes Mr. Monies system
should be adopted: much sickness had hews easeed by
eantaminated water in wells, and them were mote parer
since Mr. Moule's plan was used. In small towns Illtrinkin
wilt not answer, there is no demand for the produce, people
maturing natural produce to sewage-poen, and in •
neighbouring c xuaty the produce vreuld not pay men's
wages for looking after the gardens. Lim than PO acres
to the LOOO would suffice, he believed, where fields of the
right character could be obtained For large villages and
towns fliliei system might he adopted. Where the sewage
can be carried toe auffickat distance, • system of irrigation
might make it worth while for the occupier to take the
sewage, fres of all met to the rates, and having seen all
these systems at work, be believed Irrigation the best, the
growth of grass carrying off the entire smell, and if in the
course of years the land became clogged, It could be
trenched up and cleared. Os* wey be thought successful
was by allowing the liquid to flow over willow beds,
whereby large annual returns were &flannel at very little
expense, and the Chairman of the Crearkerne authority
bad promised t 'propose this to the Board.
Mr. Colas said great improvement had been effected
In the quality of the water in villages since the Sanitary
Act bed been carried out. In some villages on a slime,
mad with large scardeak like Wampum, the earth system
wild be used and sem* any denim be swildssad

others a system of drainer, fee liquids, even with tis•
e•. ss Mil, must be carat. d mat.
In roomer to the 1:111•111111A4. Mr. Mamma explained
thu.t what he elllid l•ri: silos was I L.. ises Le tn. at
v.., dirrchm Ito arable I ur•la vadat woro es ile
O .a;.. 1.4 1111 M m srket gardenia.
111 Cuatanax no•-red to the m •lowoi
and uloo t thu remark that SO, aard cahlaoauu We to It at
than orst.n try t. a. s, yr 1 I.y to un their quirk :Tau th
vis kin: them In aro tend or. The quests; es of out! movtiw
m"`i !rod TWO Caunelbr, who hive ilmo ILL ;...s
sometime. in Cm much hurry.
Mr. N 11.1 seen the works At Crewkerns, Ao4
• oved 011.1 1,4,1 to b 3 S t 11111.111 awl tho other a aucceer.
• L
It • Town Councils must not expect to maks Nyman Pay.
•V•erietlC,3 hal Aqua different from that. and iss me
floc 'boy had to pay a 11111111.11 the parson who to k
at from th sm. Ha r.ferred t s Lsilee,ter, wkute the torn
scork, se e or. at Kp
ns or year, tho Llsuasion hAd
shelved, an I is now a, unckcided as over; no outs
knows ghat to do for the boAt.
::
M. Aorta cm•ide re I t' e Creerkerne works at one
eui a comparative success. note drop of water towed out
of the Old, it was • long w sy from building,, there was
O 101011, oo nuisance. The trrlfation system at the
other end was • comparative failure, because they have
a o demand for their prodorn. On the ground of carom**
It wow • failure, hut on the other hand it was a POEMS,
bectusa It coat. the myna nothing. and snorers the
puroose for which it was inttitutml.
De. Dar having replied. • vote of thank. to bun was
moved by Mr. LOCK, seconded by Kr. Houma, and cot.
dially aareou
The CIIIIIIIIIIIAN remarking they hal spent • rofT
pleasant and instructive evening.