The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1871-08-29 00:00:00

THE DORSET COUNTY EXPRESS AND AGUICuLTUNAL GAZETTE, TUESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1871.

wore, and the arcbmologista all voted him a plehisn.
He bad a ludi (.0 said Mr. Black) in hi 3 right hmil
ends staff in his left, up the staff olimb.,l a beer, and
the hue was ou a ntonster's head. No ono could
understand hii till the Nev. V. Both:Lull, vin t'l
he vu n imeer, end this was thought to he as likely
as anything el.e. A vote of thanks was raise Ito filx
Baker for Lin kindneFa and the party woit in.ide his
church, whi .11 his • beautiful coloured window, and a
monument of u kneeling figure in marble, with • strewn)
old insmiption, itomnu capitals arranged ire odd
WITS.
Op to 0f031310011 WY the next advaose. liere Capt.
Nall showed his collection of antiquities and curiosi-
ties Britidr cells, armlets, fibula:, broochm, urns, ire.,
and a curious mould in which the cen Sinn°
of those were from Chosilborne Down, others
from
Vindogladia, and the imago of •so pnt, about tho
length of the little finger, from lloughtou Dam rel,
various Roman remains, curious carving& and moiern
varieties, in the next room were two c%hinctl full of
well preserved coins, in immense number ; hut the time
was too ihort 1) examine half of what captain Hall no

BRITISH ARCILEJLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
A sonthlerable numbers of mews who from the dust
and shreds of ages evolve tadi that strike us 'outer
times with wow's!, and always should awake us to
thanktuhau, vidisiel Weymouth during the past
week, with the object of thoroughly stirring up
our ancient Watery, and that of the neighbour-
hood. They were favoured with beautifully fine
weather on the first day at least, were welcomed very
heartily- and appeared in mature to ho pleased with our
town. Th. head quarters were at the Royal Hotel,
where the treasurer. Gordon M. Hills, Seq., and the
hon. secretaries. Edward Levi .n, Esq , and Edward
Roberts, Req., courteously received cioquirers. That
Azle old gentleman Sir W. C. Medlyoott, But., is pro-
eident, and to show him and the emaciation attention
the Mayor and Corporation resembled at the Guildhall,
where were present :—The Mayor (Janice Milledge,
Eli, Aldermen Ayes:L=l Thompson; Connoillurs
Vargas, H. Demb, IL Thom.,
J. Devezdsh,
Wa'sfeed, Lam, Roberta. n, "lalbot, and O. Eliot. with
F. 0. Ste/wall, Edo., Town Clerk. Mr. Councillor
Ilevw was engaged in preparing the Assembly Rooms
wiC, trash objects of interest, in • large number of
et portraits which he had lent to bang on the
wall.. Among them were :—Magnificent portraits of
11,:boes, his wife and children, 1640, by Van Dleit
Priece Beery, eldest son of Junes ; Mary, Queen
of e ace, in hood and collar; Sir Francis Walaingbam ;
Jo" Aileen, 16t; Horatio, Meant Nelson ; Anne
simile 1573; Dr. Nathaniel Roche; Dr. Hunter,
dim .vorer of the circulation of the blood ; Wellington ;
Priz.e.esm Mary, daughter of Henry VIIL, and Catherine
of A 'non; A suffering of Christ of the time of
Quentin Matsu, with Luther and. Melancthon, %tint
• Lst.ti inscription around it, to the following purport :
—Bele dit an innocent man, I Buffered so many insults,
at ma ler "tripes, and thou art not willing to suffer any
"soils or my name' Duke of Kent father of the Queen ;
Inch I:Atha:the, daughter of Wei. Lord Allington, by
Ede Pahnitah,hie wife ; Henrietta, wife of Charles I , by
Hoe% out ; Sir Christopher W ren, *bout 1703 ;
Coen: se of Warwiek, wife of J. Addison, poet; John
FlavoLtheeelebrthed Devonshire Nonconformist divine;
Admiral bog; Sir John Suckling ; Sir Themes
Ogeshatn ; Lord Wm. Russell; Sir B. West ; Charles
L, Am.
Is the room amemlled Sir W. C. Medlyoott Bart. D.
C. 1.., chairman, Thomas, Bond Esq., The Mayor
.of
Dore, oster, John Flour., Esq., M.P., George Godwin,
E.q '. J. Weld, Esq.. and the Rev. T. Baker, vice
preard ate; H. 11. Burnell, Esq., William Cockeram,
../orehester). and Thomas Cobs, 'sq., (Bridpurt)
Get . committee ; Gordon M. Hills. Esq. treasurer,
Idea,: Lavoie and Edward Robert, Esq.. hon. gent.
secretaries, W. H. Black, U•i., hon. palceographer, Roy
.T. D. Addison, and Mrs. Addison, Mrs. Reginald Stuith,
1 eedlycott. 8.. if. Eliot Esq., and Mrs. Eliot. Mr.
F. Darr on, Mr. IL Gaskoll, Mr. J. Grieve, Mr. T. B.
(irove*, Mr. J. T. Shinto, Rev, V. Bothamley, Lieut.
Col. Se ward, ke., he. It was matter of much r, gret
that .1 Fluid Esq:, who has so efficiently ami.ted
the as, dation ea hon, local secretary was moventa, by
doMe:l r affliction from being present.
On tie arrival of the Corporation,
The hia.Tott read the following Wares :
Si, `, ilain bledlyrott and oenusmen.—The lb) F sml
S, ;ion of the Borough of Weymouth and Unkonibe
In the mune of the Inhabitants to welcome, 3
ii to
, lent and loyal town. They bane not mans vojeets
of
arch.. rid Interest in the borough, but its connixtion with
the in ry of the past Is ray gratifying to thein-,!11.71 and
they eno dou.A froin what you will k.p.h....if ),,or
soe.e•., ionotirst them, it will prove a. llterv.io. it )."•
It
sal be pleasure to the Mayor to sli..rd 01.1 the Asst,tatiLe
sod oil ,rinatlon it, his power, sod the inhabitants Ilope
3 Ii
wit: ••• • Weymouth with many ilen-inz mat:ottani, of )our
vise '
hon, gen, on the put of the Aucee-
l. i premed the gratification they felt t tlo ir
v. cot.' by the Corporation, at,el hoped the ueettog
would . armee the interest felt in the study of nude
logical elks. Dorsetehin had never been treated
fmrly. 'is one peat county history is not such its th,,
count.: leserves, and it is a source of regret that the
apP.• °Mains to many of the old errors and fallacies.
Ile It i many persons dosing the week would bring
act erte of enquiry. for tle association is obliged
in goiug about from place to plan, to leave a great
deal untold, and to depend in great measure upon the
innate knowledge of the inhabitants themselves—
(hear).
Illx ▪ 0. Menhreerr returned thanks for tiro Cu.
Poration's welcome, and proseeded to deliver the
Inaugural address, touching on the points of interest
In the town and district: He said Weymouth is coeval
with the invasion by the Romus, the Via Innen"
oonemenced here, the neighbourhood is surrounded
with British and Roman remains, and in 1812 an urn
fined with silver Roman coins from 242 to 260 was
found on Jordan Hill. Ethelred bestowed a charter
on it, which is preserved in the archives of Winchester
Cathedral. The Rev. T. A. Luke supposes that one
of the great tracks of migration of people lay from
Corieek in Britanny, through the Channel Islands and
Weymoatb, to Stonehenge. The Phcenicians seemed
to have travelled on this line carrying their tin through
the county on bones, and the Romans probably
followed by the same route. Sir William then trued tbe
rile of Weymoutb as • waterinz place, by the efforts of
Ralph Allen. Eel., and gave • great deal of its modern
history. Taking Weymouth as a centre, including
Portland, and proceeding from Cori* Castle to Abbotre
hurl. many Celtic tumuli and sepulchral mounds of
the Darold's' have been found, awl described by Mr.
C. Warne. Portland appears to have been well known
to the Romans, and has the traces of • Roman et,camp-
meet (year 440) on the Hill. About 800 it was invaded
by the Danes, and • conflict onurred between the
Danish pirates and the Portland Baleares, who were
of all English people " the canningest "lingers,' as
Camden says. In 1052, it was plundered by Earl
Goodwin with a fleet from Flanders, in 1404 was
attacked by the French, and in 1520 Henry the Bth
built the castle on the site of • D&XOS one, Tho great
guns at the Verne greatly contrast with those of old
times, as in 1580, when eight pieces of ordinance, cost-
ing with all their expenses E2OO, were thought sufficient
to defend Weymouth. Sir W. spoke of the Verne,
the Breakwater, Chesil Beach, and the quarries as
among the wonderful sights of Portithd, and with
Camden, derives its name either from being a port to
Weymouth. or from the Port a noble Saxon who about
703 infested tbee parts. In the decline of the Saxon
empire, it felt much tbo violence of the Danes, and
when the war was over, fell into possesoion of the goo of
Winchester, and the living is still in Winchester's gift.
The learned President then treated of Code Castle,
Biados Abbey, Preston, Abbotsbury, Carte, and Dor-
chester amphitheatre, Maiden Castle, tracing the river
down through Wareham and Poole to the boa, conclud-
ing with acme remarks in eulogy of music, which he
menu/tad with archeology by mentioning the antiquity
of musket instruments.
Mr. 0. GODWIN. editor of the Buddy., proposed •
vote of thanks to Sir W. Medlyoott, and
Mr. BLACK. is seconding, said be believed the
antiquity of Weymouth is tar greater than generally
attributed to it.
Mr. FLOTtli, in supporting the vote of thank', said
Weymouth is one of the oldest watering-places in the
kingdom, and pommies claims on that score far beyond
Brighton, Torquay, or any other important modern
watering-plan. Its prosperity was founded by one of
the greatest sovereigns that ever reigned on the throne
of England, the immortal George 111. One word of
protest in favour of Hutchins; as a county historian be
is inferior to none who have written *minty histories,
and though each men an Mr. Roberts and Mr. Slack
enable 111 to comet his mistakes, we ore none the less
indebted to Hutchins, whom enormous labour alono
and have achieved such • work. The work now publishing
is not merely • reprint, but contains most important
additions by men snood to none for their energy in
antiquarian research, and the new edition will be a
credit to the county, to Hutchins, and those who
satiated in its oomplation—(applause).
Mr. GORDON HILLS acknowledged Hutchins as the
model of county histories, end said that on Saturday
they would visit Wareham, and observe with reverence
his tomb.
The party then took carriages for Preston, where they
arrived in about half-an-hour, after a pleasant ride by
the side of the harvest fields
The journey to Preston was to see • tesselated pave-
ment discovered on land of E. J. Weld, Eel , and in
the occupation of Mr. Scott. The pavement wan of
red, white, awl dark brown tessera about of air inch
in size, and the atrium in which was the pavement was
21 feet square. The pattern had • centre of concentric
rings of coloured tesseroe, with eight prominences end-
ing in points, about these were squares alternately of
red, white, or dark, of breadths suitable to vary the
pattern, and the outer border of the centre was com-
posed of a spiral or cable pattern of all three colours.
Outside this again were more patterns, anti the pave
-
meet felled up the greatest part of the space in the
atrium. On tho south side was • long (emulation wall,
with other foundation walls at right angles, clearly
Ai'fin‘og Du' ground elan of the building On closer
examination of the pavement the
appeared stained with foreign substance, which hul
tinted all the tesseru more or leas green The Rev.
Talbot Baker esplained that the pavement had been
excavated in 1840, by Mr. Medhurst, who had dis-
covered it when excavating for the ruins of a Roman
temple and cemetery on Jordan Hill opposite. Mr.
Madhurst, who bad an extraordioary gift in such
matters, believed that the whole valley WS/ studded
with villa'. and Mr. Baokland that it was a villa be-
longing to a Roman officer or civilian connected
with the military station at Dorehester. Mr.
Medharat believed that in a little bay near was an
emporium for • Roman military station at Cbalbury,
but there was no record in the books of any such south
of Maiden Castle. The age might be about that of
Beverus. who died 212 AD. From the size of the
atrium and there not being the apartments found in a
villa. Mr. Baker believed it to be a Roman bath, and
he had found some piping which helped that Idea.
The long wall was 63 feet 8 inches long, the atrium in
whirl was the pavement 21 feet square. and • small
chamber 12 feet by 11 feet 6 inches. In the excavation
had been found • coin with the name Crispus Novellue,
also some tiles. with trade mark" thereon some of
whir* had been Jaunted forcibly on the pavement.
Then were also some bones and snaps of inee, and one
bone imbedded in the pavement. It was judged to
have been destroyed by fire, on aceouat of some burnt
stoma and remain" of ashes discovered there. Mr.
Baker tendered his thanks to Mr. Weld, the owner of
the land, Kr. Scutt, the occupier, and Mr. S. T. Smith
who had most carefully performed the unearths.
Mr. Smith, who is also apologist, coned fared that
the white tessera came from the lower chalk, the red
were brink and the dark-coloured umber.
It was suggested that a roof should be put over
the pavement to preserve it, and that it should remain
an interesting object visible to the public.
Mr. Om, of Weymouth, photographed the pavement.
The archaeologists next went to see the cavilled Roman
bridge at Preston' but they immediately pronounced
It to be not oMer than the Norman time. wu not
boat of the same Moue all through, aa the Roma' did,
there was no Unease showing co the facie, there was
DO ENS= mortar, made of pounded bricks, and Mr.
wh° °La" • seraful examination by meths of
shake phased in the river-bed, found traces of the
leek which the Normans used on their wooden OM.
War.
Preston church was next ?failed, and two carious
Agues male and fessaletetniner • north port* were
eximained. Tttey had seen by ale.
Richard
Cad were gruppoesd to ham been Si, R
ma Da" wthabsth Lovell, who held the manor
St 0•11Voed Tree In 14215; but the man was
draftee in • summons's buff salt, and his armed lege
Were see anued in the =DM of • height. He had-
tlan a cleft SULK cap or hood, soak as knight Wu

-oh; Sie-d
The return to Weymouth was most pleasant, the
evening being beautifully fine.
At the inaugural dinner the sevens met agile, but
there were veil few iodic'.
Sir W. 31Enr.ro0rr pre4ded, and gave the loyal
touts, which were heartily drunk.
In giving the Bishop and olorgy It mgagnikx
el
that snit aring the beautiful ornaments of churches used
to be considered indicative of piety ; but that fennel`
bad been destroyed, the clergy are arolueologilts st
heart, and 'Also the valuable relics they eooeu.
Ile conplcd the toast with the health ct the Bev. Prob.

Baker.
Hee. T. llsgess rsid we had mob splendid olatuPles
of native architecture that it is no wonder the clergy aro
arc ' wologists in stone. They are alio in hooka ; these
tend to turn their attention to their peculiar subject,
and whoa they saw a frowning fortress falling into
ruin, otill&Pkillit to the ground as Curie Castle, they
thought more of that city the walls of which are sal.
vation and her gates parwlite—(applattae.).
Rev, J. D. ADDIBON hoped the association would
enjoy the visit, and report to their Monde that Dor.
tetshire is a land
"Where tans not hail, nor rain, nor any slow,
Nor ever wind blow loudly ; but it Ii
Deep meadowed, fertile. rich in °retyped lend,,,
And bowery hollow* fringed with summer see.

—(applause).
lawsnas• of the port was not too etrone—(epoleuse). with VC4freeaD°l Nfeilltitsilowhheadn mhe fiiratiziot made eg
ethat atlurinfiotanwerya°
He gave the Mayor and Corporation. who bed responded
to their 3.. 41304 to be allowed to examine their retiords,
en ,'sample widely followed, though from Code Castle
they had received no answer, and Gould only !suppose
the town had no records worth examiteng—(laughter).
The MATOR promised to lay ev:rything of interest in
t‘le records or regalia before the association, awl, with
the Town Clerk, to give every information. Too visit
of the a sembly had re-invigorated him, theugh
before he looked to the terminaV.on of tit, perio l
of i
mayeralty. as a schoolboy look, for cant to a vacation.
He gave the health of the Pasident (applause).
Sir W. AILDLYCOTT responded.
Mr. BLACK, in proposing the " Tic 3•Presidenfr,"
be believed the boreugns a Weymouth and Molcombr
Regis are older than suppOool, and are in fact the
Vindoglatlia of the Romans. Ho coupled with the toast
the name of the Rev. W. Barnes.
The Rev. W. 8h.311113, in responding, raid he believed
Wareham was the °maid of the Durotriges—(hear).
"The Local Committee" was given by Mr. GODWIN,
who uttered a warning respecting the sanitary arrange.
clients of the town—(Lear).
Mr. G. MLIOT responded.
\Mr. DREW proposed "The Offieers," which was
responded to by Mr. G. BiLt, who acknowledged the
kindness of the Corporation in Lngeging a photographer
to go with the Association.
Mr. G. W MOST proposed the health of the "Lilies."
He felt Porno diffieully in dung jastica to the bright
smile/ which the witches of Weymouth now east around
Ithem. Melcombe Regis be now b,lieve I meet a royal
welcome, for such a welcome they had received—(w-
plains): May the sea breesea ever be ours, and may the
ladies get rid of domestic broils—(laughter). Archar•
nlogists were the first to understand that dinners might
be improved by the pres,nce of ladies, and might we
long be honoured by their presence at our gatherings—
(enthusiastically drunk).
Mr. WELBFORD responded for the Ladies. Those of
the *aunty of Dorset are well known to retain all the
good onallties of the people who came from the East.
The day might be near when they would be called
upon to respond for themselves ; if so, no doubt they
would do so more efficiently than anyone could do It
I lor them---(laughter).
I Thus the first day'a proceedings were closed.

before it.
o..i.exehiAyirestedtaoheitorea,twozwie.tveweolonerlitemms2rbodpwih'ilLoeiroectliwPohiroei°:B`t
it.hirlifY:el,kith:euinrugiliditerat,i.enme: :fled
lb
to
recordiso
thle ittir of June, lee:, den
initiatory r,t..ration of the y on
llelsrstotiewan't
happy and obllireL 7:lrd' 64
—Martin F.
Tupper. Robert (lenther tweeting, J. 0. W. Vend/leer, John
Bull. John Nicholls, W. K. Tupper, 11. Jo Beauvoir Tupper."
At the tine, of Mr, martin Topper's visit, that gen-
tleman inquired if any coins bad been found at the
crontleoh, but Me beaogold was not aware of any such
liiwc'vesY. At length one of the labourers on the
estate inreodooed a companion who had found " a
coin among the a,ra„.„.." Of course, the statement
Itowndseeucedthgtareaatta eagctenterpnieweas ioin tinhoenmeyi,ndlost of the
to
it
anrotyt
throw much light on the date and historyof the liclston.?
The man wad brought before Mr. Manfield and his
guests, and the coin from "amongst the groves" *al
produced, It proved to be an Americus cent dated
lieei I At this recital there was groat laughter. Ques-
tioned as to the position of the "graves" he meant, he
explained that be found the coin in some South
Am. rioan " graves" (greaves) he was boiling for the
pigs I Amid renewed laughter the /IMINS moved
onward.
Proceeding from hence, the party entered Abbots'
bury, and before exploring fattier called at the
Ship inn for luncheon, and had as an acoompeni-
went the musk of the Abbotabnry band (we
suppose)—• cornet and trombone, blown with
pooh vigour I After this all walked to the site of the
Benedictine monastery, and Mr. Gordon M. Hills
excited general admiration by the learned exposition he
pee of this amelent foundation, and the able manner
in which he constructed from the smallest remains the
whole plan and locality of the monastic buildings.
Taking his stand upon • block of stone by the aide of
the public road, whish be took to be the base eta former
arch pier, he pointed to the springing of an arch
jutting from the opposite building as the entrance gate
to the monastery. He proceeded to give the history
of the establishment. It dated to • very remote time-
Originally there seemed to have been a small chapel
dedicated to St. Peter. Orcus, of the household of
King Canute expelled the secular canons and introduced
monks. The names of the early Abbots were entirely
lost, but the list was complete from 1175 down to the
suppriosion. The last two were John Portesham,
1511.-1213, and Roger Roddon, 1534-1539, and he
mentioned them bemuse their Initiate would be found
oa capitals in the present church, although, he
observed that was not the abbey church, the
latter standing • little north of the abbey. At the sup-
pression the abbey was greeted to the Eltrengways, and
be thought their residence was putty formed by the
adaptation of the monastic buildings. In 1644 when
Cdonel Strangways's regiment garrisoned the honse,Sir
Anthony Aehley Cooper, commander of the Perlin-
'limitary forces, attacked it; the Royalists refused to
surrender, and were then told they would get no
quarter. 'They held it with such success that the
enemy bad to resort to applying burning faggots to
the house, by which they were smoked or burnt out I
Colonel Sydenham who was in command on the side
opposite Colotel Groper, granted them mercy, so their
livee were saved, and Colonel Cooper upheld the word
of his eubordinate - (hear, hear). Coder the direction
of the vicar, (the Rev G. El. Penny) and Dr. Parker,ancl
with the consent of the Earl of Ilehester and the
occe pier of the land (Mr. West) excite ations hod been
made on the site of the abbey church, and they were
succasf el in exposing encaustic tiles, which were no
doubt the payee:mut of the interior, as well as portions
of the west end of the buildin-. Mr. Hills indicated
the positions of the cloisters, Cho refectory, the infir-
mary, and other buildings, supporting his views by funs
and arguments that commended themselves to thou
'craned in the matter. He gave the ride of the
monastic buihings as 15th century. lint in the infir-
mary was some work of the date of about 1325, so that
he concluded suns portion of the establishment was
then in operation The parish church was then vi cited.
It is principally 15:h century work. In the graveyard
is the base of the old churchyard cross, but not of
course in its original position. Over the west window
is rudely sculptured • figure emblematic of the Trinity.
The Almighty is represented sitting, with • crucifix
between the knees, and the Holy Spirit is figured
by a dove near His ear: This he took to be of
the 13th century, and was of opinion that it was
taken from • church on that site prior to the
existing building, lie thought that while the old
church was in use the monks built a handsome tower
in the 15th century, replacing the figure we have
described. When that was completed they were
dissatidied with the body of the church, and re-built
that, working from the south alio, and leaving the
north aisle for use as long as possible: and that
accounts for the tower being out of symmetry as oom-
pared with the body of the church, indeed the north
side of the tower arch is partly covered by the clero,tory
on tho north side. The roof of the nave and isles is
it, but that of the chancrel is dome-shaped and
&repeated with the arms of the Stringways in relief.
The out window, said to be very handsome, is hidden
by a massive altar-piece. The oak pulpit is richly
curved, and in it are shown two holes said to have
been roads by bullets shot by Cornwell's soldiers: In
the porch is a figure of a Abbot with his crucifix on •
large slab of Purbeck marble, maid to have been found
near. From hence the oompany walked up chapel hill
to St. Catherine's chapel, overlooking the sea. Mr.
Hills referred to the question that might arise why Si.
Catherine's chapels were so frequently pieced on hills,
and suz,eested it might be because the name was
derived from • Greek word signifying purity, and that
therefore chapels dedicated to that saint where erected
in high isolated positions and raised near to the sky.
Mr. Black suggested that as the emblem for St..
Catherine was • wheel, so the nurse became attached
t this hill, which he thought might have originally
lit.co a ROlllOll observatory. Mr. Balms thought
we under-rated our forefathers and that this chapel
%all erected as • mark observable from the sea,
and was the church's mode in early drys of per-
forming those important works for saving life which
the dale had undertaken by providing lighthouses.
Mr. Hills observed that the chapel WU very distinctly
of kith century date. The window in the east end
was singularly perfect. and there were portions of one
on the north side. The sides were supported by bee
tressm rising above the roof, and terminating in rough
pinnacles. Bat the roof is its most remarkable feature,
for it is composed entirely of stone, not a particle of
timber being used in its construction. The parapet is
raised oonsiderably above the eaves, and hole. are con-
trived for the escape of the water. Entering the
chapel. Mr. Hills pointed out that the roof is panelled.
and full of enrichment from end to end, there being
a series of cut stones, with a range of quatrefoils half.
way up and another at the apex. The chapel was
complete in its arrangements. At the east end pro
corbels for figures, but the one on the south side has
space for two. It was generally admitted that this
chapel is quite unique;
On the way back to the village the monastic barn
was inspected. Ills an Immense structure, being no
less than 282 feet long, and built in all respects sub-
eternally and well. This and all the other remains
indicate abundantly that the monastery here was •
very large and important establishment.
Before leaving, thanks were cordially voted to the
Vicar' Mr. Idanfield, and Mr. Hills. Shortly at ter the
carriages were again taken, and the party returned to
Weymouth.
The evening meeting on Toesday commenced rather
later than fixed, and the chairman, Sir W. Modlycott,
apologised for the late hour, saying they had had a
mo.t Interesting day, and the carriages returned consi-
derably later than they had supposed..
Rev. W. BARNES then read a paper on
THE 0111011 01 THE HUNDRED AND TITHING 01
ENGLISH LAW.

On Tuesday morning the arcteeologists atscinbled to
the number of about sixty, and proceeded in carriages
to Malden Castle. It was a lovely morning, and the
trip was highly enjoyed. Passing threurh Radipole,
the cavalcade turned to the north by Watery-bane, and
the designation was peculiarly appropriate on that day
at any rate, for the whole road was streaming with
water in v ,rions channels. The delightful village of
Upwcy was soon reached, and the 1111•41.12 wore
shinnied with the scenery, dotted with I.nnisome
residences, and rich in beautiful woods. The source of
the Wey was notioei in its shady retreat, but the
party pressaed on to the hills towering majestically in
front. On reaching Maiden Castle, the arcbmologists
were joined by a party from Dorchester, with Mr.
Cunnington and Mr. Pope, members of the committee.
The Rev. W. Barnes, 11. D., acted as guide, and
indicated the salient features of this remarkable early
stronghold. It is oval shaped, tie plateau occupying
about 44 acres, and it is guarded by three rows of each,
alternating with a like number of ramparts, the inner-
most being the blghe,t and most steep, to much so,
indeed, that to get up its side is difficult. We may
notice hero, what the Rev. W. Barnes pointed out,
that the steep sides are marked by tiers of
ledges or lincbets, and the rev, gentleman suggested
that these were made in the oourse of years by sheep
browsing around the hill, as in other parts wider ledges
are attributable to cattle grazing at different heights
over the space they can reaoh. The party was con•
ducted to tl.o entrance on the west. and Mr. Barnes
pointed out the traverse or parapet in front, strategi-
cally guarding it, Titer° is • abutter protection at the
outlet on the east. Remains of the piers of the western
gate wage shown, and it was said old workmen who had
excavated there spoke to the gateway being paved, •
state of thir gs Mr. Barnes thought highly probable on
account of the great traffic) there would necessarily be
of cattle. It was also stated that the inner rampart
originally had as a bteaitwork • steno wall, but this
bad been carried away from time to time to Ridges,'
for building purposes, Mr. Connington, who has made
explorations here at different times, exhibited numerous
Roman remains fibulae, querns, tieing, bones of
1 animals including the stag. and some coarse pottery
which was attributed by several to • pre-Roman are.
Mr. Hawkins, who occupies the farm, produced •
bronzi ring in serpentine form largo enough for •
man's thumb, and a p sir of spindle wheels. clearly
Roman; they were very perfect. Mr. Cunnington led
the way to a tumulus which bad been opened by per-
mission of Mr. Gerard Start, and he stited there
was found in it • skeleton doubled up, and at one end
• small pillar of chalk about 6 inches in diameter, with
a heap of flints over all. He expressed his belief that
at one time the land there had been in cultivation silloo
it was oecupiel by the Romans, as it was necessary to
dig to • depth of about 18 inches before finding any.
thing of interest. Dirt Barnes directed attention to
another part where excavations had been made under
his directions. He said that some time ego when Mr.
Hawkins was forming • pit on that (the west) side,
be seine upon seven round holes about 4 feet in diameter
and 4 feet to 7 feet deep, and they were filled with
vegetable and,animal matter. In the excavating he had
done although heirs of a rough kind were discovered,
none of them were of that round and truly out
character as the others near them. A variety
of remains were found, but the most interesting
were two combs wbieh be exhibited. They were
made of bone and (apparently) shout five inches in length
and from 2in. to Ito, in breadth, the narrowest end
having teeth mat in it Mr. Hawkins had also found
one of a similar kind. He suggested that these indicated
the life of a very early tribe at that place, and that
those were the combs used by British maidens. Mr.
Roberta thought it likely that they were tools used for
making the zig-zig ornaments on pottery, and Mr.
Barnes accepted that theory as at any rate a possible
one. Tho origin of the name Maiden Castis provoked
sonic talk. Mr. Barnes gave its ordinary English
mewling. • castle without a castle (built), in the sense
we now use the term • "maiden assize," and derived
it from the British mai din, and the Celtic mats die,
meaniug • grassy plain, and • hilly stronghold. Mr.
Rl.rk Rome remarks attributin, the name to •
1111:1111&f origin, out. ...i.e. de,..<,0111Z. •...•••••.
strategy in the formation of these Gawps, and pointed
to places in different parts of the country as being
British strongholds for wattle during war time, and
remarking that the vast ambit of Maiden Castle would
obviously elf erd eligible pasture for treat herds. Mr.
Barnes pointed to a bank crossing the plateau from
north to south, with its ends lotmding outward as in-
dicating that the camp had been enlarged from its first
dimensions on the tribes requiring more room, for in
time of war between tribe and tribe, he suggested, they
brought their women and children and cattle, and they
remained for weeks and even months. Water he took
It was obtained from a deep eonical hole which had
been found there. Mr. Rffierts suggested that the
name indicated • stronghold that had never bete taken.
An enquiry was made as to the probable age of the
fortress, and Mr. Barnes prat it at from 2,500 to 3,001
years. The Rev. W. Barnes, Mr. Cunnington, and
all who had offered remarks were thanked, and then
the party proceeded through the Winterbernes.
In passing through Littlebredy a halt was made on
the read to view the Druidical circle near the entrance
to the park of Bridehead House. It consists of nine
stones, the two largest being rough blocks about Oft.
high, and the others smaller, placed in a circle of about
25ft, in diameter, the stones being at intervals of from
3ft. to 811. The circle stands at the corner of a wood,
close by the road-aide. Mr. Cunnington described the
circle.
After a brief stay, the party proceeded onward, under
the guidance of Mr. Manfield, of Portesham, to the
Helatorie, which is upon Ridge-hill, • short distance
from the village. By the way they observed the monu-
ment to Sir Thomas Hardy. The Helstone is a cromlech
of a very extraordinary character, and tradition asserts
that the ten stones forming the cromlech were flung
by the Devil from Portland point, and it is now diffiault
to ascertain by what agency the stupendous blocks were
placed in such positions. Nine of the stones form
supports for the tenth, which Is laid horizontally upon
them. By lapse of time, in 1866, several of the uprights
bad toppled over, and the cromlech became little better
than a heap of stones ; in that year Mr. Manfield,
after very careful consideration, undertook to put
upright the stones that had fallen, being especially
watchful that they should retain their original Claws—
and the feet of them remain precisely as before, The
horizontal block is roughly chiselled undetneatb, from
which Mr. Marifield naturally concluded that should be
left exposed, and thus form • kind of ornamental roof.
This has been done, and it will be satisfactory to Mr.
Manfield to know, because contrary statements have
been made, that Mr. Black, the eminent palmographer
of the Association, entirely censure in the view be has
taken. We should say that the capstone is competed
to weigh about 18 tons. Mr. Cunnington offered some
remarks in explanation of tlie moreleob, and Mr.

It has been holden and taught in our "shoot books
that England was divided into hundrede and tithing.
by King Alfred, and a ground for anon an opinion Ls
indeed given by Blackstone in his "Commentaries." In
book iv., e. 33, be speaks of the new modelling of the
Constitution as • great work of Alfred. and says that
he effected it by reducing the whole kingdom under
one regular and gradual subordination of Government,
wherein each man was answerable to his immediate
superior for his own conduct and that of his nearest
neighbours, for to him we owe that masterpiece of
judicial policy—the sub-division of England into tith-
ing. and hundreds, if not into counties( I do not know
in any Bason•English laws or writings any good ground
for this opinion, while the laws and writings of our
English forefathers, and of other Sazoni tribe", and of
the Welsh, and even the Romans, would betoken that
some such outsharings of men or homesteads were
known to the law for war, and tho miring of men's life
and belongings before the good king Alfred wielded so
wisely and righteously the kingship of England; though
we might believe that he righted any wrongs that the
changes of time had left in the hundreds as landshares,
or in the working of them for the ends of justice; and
the hundred was an institution of the oiri Uritons.
King Alfred, or Ins, or any other Saxon-English king,
whose node ie come down to us, had ontmarked the
hundreds or set up the fresboroush (frechurb) which
belonged to them, so great • change in the matters of
warfare and j tuitioe would most likely have been enacted,
as it is not by some one of his laws, and the law would
still show the work of the groat lawgiver in its very
words. The hundred and freeborough are named in
the Saxon-English law. as things already known to law.
bound men, and so speaks of them a law of King
Athelstan, who took his kingdom only 24 years after
the death of Alfred; and so speaks of the hundred an
Anglo-Saxon law form, which bears in its wording the
, stamp of a very early time of Saxon-English law. The
word hundred (oentaria) might sometimes be found as
meaning • hundred men, though by such men the
world have at first meant a hundred landowners, for
the hundred was pretty clearly at first what it, name
°entree in Welsh means an %admiring of • hun-
dred (cant), homesteads (trefydd). or landowner-
ship', for the ends of landwarding and law.
Tacitue mays that the German( had In war • body of
men of whom • hundred were taken out of every magus
(hundred ?), and (cap 11) that they met in councils
(hundreds gamete) once • month, and that in such •
ooueeil they chose a head man over the pagus, such as
was the hundredessealdor, or beadborough of our old
hundreds. Mr. Kemble says that from the first we find
the inhabitants of the mark (mearc) classed in tens and
hundreds—our tithing, end hundreds ; and he quotes the
laws of the Franks, as owning the decennia (titlaingolan)
and centuaries (hundredes-ealdor). So we have traces of
the hundred in the early Laws of Rome in the centuria,
and the oenterlo eenturion. The center's would match
with our hundred, and the word would match with the
Celli° cantwyr, the hundred men, while the oenturio
, would atfirst have been the hundredee-ealdor of our fore-
fathers. Then, again, there is good ground for the belief
that the Britons had formed hundreds, and GYM many of
our hundreds long before our English forefather', and
• much longer before Alfred made any laws at aIL One of
, the Welsh triads of the Isle of Britain gives the overtlood-
j ins by the inlet sea In the time of • Seithenin, about the
, year 500 of the °entree y Gwaelod, or lowland hundred,
. where now is Cardigan Bay, in which may yet be seen at
low water two sea walls of stone, one of which, Barn
, Badrig, runs acts is said about 20 miles into the sea.
The overfiooding of this hundred is the matter of a poem
, by Taliesdn, who, as we are told, was • bard of Elphin,
, lord of Canted Gwaelod, and who, as is known, wrote
, long before the time of King Alfred. It is true that
• the word oantref is not welded into the poem but the
heading of the poem, which we may W i ere s of the
j time of the poem, is" Oaniad pee aeth y mor dr°s y
cantrof Owaelod " • song when the sea came over the
lowland hundred. Is his bees pet horny mind that

113116evioallivetinfloodhisin; Brief thliegbOatlYtrefth°l;al34"iteblaaced ireVedpuethrli II properly.
ley. henry IV, there ia a mention of the
distortion of the flood of Noah, who is meant by the I °,,nnnittil'lSh'irt4
h ~. or Si, FloaandGin Dorchester.
aaribodekl tuubtorif.tpientress, result wo.).usihdobt,ioldwogrtht.cotheorr. trouble;
name Seithenin• It ix. indeed, • distortion of the flood '-;,':..Sieward's account. 1554 to 1610. I never read through
to make it only the overflooding of • control In Wale% • more uninteresting series of accounts. Thed7rlyArri,7l,lt: e
and • diatortlon of the Bible history of Noah to make alighteat interest Is the
him to have been • Welsh waterman or aluice.keeper, "Paid Thomas Stillenl hfe..'htsi::.
and to have himself brought in the flosd • and if the wherein the wrltingusfaarc,
name of Seithenin be from Saith seven, it does not
very well befit the eighth person saved in the ark, nor may like to note It i i
church. The Oorporat on minute'
paler
do not begin until 1610.
try
le
written :net:, lAD:
rrchnuericiher,
cic7.""'etwnhenichd under
Imneopy became you
1615.
iim
do the ten Welsh trelydd quite tally with the cities Thet eG,Se'lmoratl°"oßn°"lessod." "punNeonnc: of nXI appear an
to air oiraP6nity
of the plain. U. however, the heeding of the poem of gonadal lutenist.
iorOIT
Taman is amid as Is the poem itself, it shows us that rst IUICORDS.
the centre( wee known in Wales in this time, the sth The prlnciptJ HAS. tun-
cfaceheesrlsyla:;WlFThasotkien,ri endheiernwi ithawpnreodutburedbaniiiintaaaoftidp,Elkdo"( IthLedfso.kilinulwhinncgegasutoulrechl „2.1i---b.:iiTlAAci:Of°""l:llidonjitit,dBB.,7ofocif ereotdersd e e7:::::,D7sum;teintiiiieka.inmitm.hiei a:11711:4r" of
one tyddyn-from aro, Henry VI. It relates chiefly to officer. elections, an Is vary
to plough. The erw wu a very old lar.dahare, and was uninteresting.
16 rods (hid au) long and two broad. A tydilyn Boons to 4.-A Unutt of Fans, al Elizabeth.
ot the Court of Record.
have been at first one eon', holding; four tyddyn, one
gaffel holding, or householding ,• four gsfsel, one trot.
Homestead, home, as is shown by the word adref, et °nl(l.7.l'47lAr7aliurll'"fi„lsll:::.‘th.cnot7muFrspitr2t4. tuanolitithoef Shall* IKiffastbferorimne.tesmalmp.l &Ivo:W."71
home; i dref, to home. Four tref, one tens nnenor, 2,„i to juiay GUI.
steno boundary, from mm, a stone i gor, a rim or 8.-A 121n0. U.S., 15th century, Book of the Fraternity of
boundary; whence our manor. But thero were some. the lloly Crew in the Chapel of it. Andrew.
' of Bread and Ale, • 111.8. of the 15th
times 'oven trot in a naunorvroi (lowland manor), sad U--Book of Lh. Aj's"z°
13 tref in a mainor warthdir (high or heath land).Twelvo 2 !:
"rourto4imito.of wills and deeds and court rolls of Btidport,on
mienor and two tref, 12x 4= 48 and 2 =5O trefydd in ‘,11,,-,,"l:th cunt.
one cwmmwd, and two cwmmwd make one otntref, for ii -Book of thu " fraterultaa torticiorum" In *micas Beate
the law sale, "Bei yw bynny, o erif pum ufgantref, a Ilene de Bridport.
hynoy yw y °nitre( ynjown"-"so this (the two owmmwd The Bridport records are very voluminous, end no
is of the number 100, and this is the just control. report to do them justice could be done under at least
Pentref, headtref, now often means in Welsh a two or three weeks work. I have done what I could
village, though panted f might have meant at in the time at my disposal, and have °opted the follow-
first the headtrel of the mare( (hundred), where lug short statouleat oh the accounts relatirg to the
the court was holden' Slaw the lowland maenor chum!,
had seven, and the highland maenor had 13, tretyddr C Jidda oute for the churche 01 Dyrtporte in anno
and so neither of them was of the true tale of fon, Domino 1510.
trefydd, it would nem that tho cantrefid must have 1., rpm., for whopynge of the holiwater bokett with
been of earlier outaharing than e tiesn
tie of lioel •'two newe hoopea . • • - .. .. .. UN.
Ws. The four headings or pref•oos t f four oodioed item for mending. of the Mete for the vestuarye .. viqd.
would forbid us, as far es they are trustworthy, to hold Item. for mendynge of the haste' 01 the church. Faiths
that Hoot outshared Wales into eantrefyd.l, for one of
does
them is " Hywel Dda, son of Caddell, King of Cymru,
made, through the grace of God, and luting and itcrut.,tpcorrixthefiaolttewrax.,for the l'askalle taper, the taut.
prayer (these laws), as Wales (Cymru) belonged to him Item, for inendynge of the Imago of the beat crow
In its boundaries, and not otherwise 1-Hixtr four Item, for in) IL of lead muwith wyer ltyd in the hen candlesticks v .1.
central in South Wales (Gebenbartli). 18 cantref in Item, to John Skynner, for watchylige of the Sepulchre iii d.
Gwynedd (North Wales), GO trio( in Trachyrchell, and Item, tor uledaynge of the key of the ventarie does kid.
Item, payd to the plutumer when ho cause to se the
fkl trot in Booth," now • township in Brookuock.
Taebyrehell would mean beyond ring or bounds ; from cr.,o ui,oti the Tower .* .. • • .. .. viljd.
Item, I,d to John Hudson, William Dutchmen, John
tea, beyond, and cliche% ring, rim, or bound, and it Downe and Thomas Downie, for their papule in
might have been so tailed as odd tref rad out of the con- takynge down the cream .. . • .. - :Yid.
tref. The headings to two other oodicies say that Goal twin, todolin Hoopoe', for • horde to monde the gutter
sailed to his council six men out of every central, and uppun the North lie .. .. • , • . „ yid.
they would show, as far as they are truatworty, that Item, for ...Y1..1...Yie the +me ••• • . .. id,
the oantrelydd were already formed at the time of the Item, fore pounds mtd di. of wax fur the tapers, agents,
the dad) canon of the Churche .. .. ... gag
commit. The canted shows itself in the writings of
the middle sees, and is found in the inabinogion, as testa Raul&
in the tale of "Moth, the Son of Mathonwy," and in The account, illustrate local history and social life, is is
the tale of "lionawyddan, the Son of Llyr ;" in while abundantly skowu In "It ikons's Social
.111itory" ; but the
his
following entries are all 1 see of much historical or general
we read of seven oantrefydd, with tho words " Nyt int,,r,,,,t,
oes seith eantrof well noe wy." There are not seven Al). 1'..96.
oantreys better than they. The matter and names Item, payil for the carriage of • lotto) to Mr. Drake, to
and wordahapers of the mabinosion would betoken give hou adrertiaemont of the Spanisho ahippos,
that they are very old, and at lout that wore written mid to cause his parithiuncrd to come hither to
before the T was worn down into D, or the C into a help u 4 • • • • • • .. ..
..
.. Lail
•. paid for cordage of a lottro to Sir Walter

13, se In caw for the later Gado, eruo for orug,
and Carotoo (Csraotaous) for Csradog. In 213 Edward
111. (1352) a lend-roll of Anglioey was taken, and it
bad then three etntrevs—Ah,rtraw. Cemaeg. and
Rhosir. Whoever might have first outmarked the
hundreds and tithiogs, tin law for whiti3 they were
outworked, that of the freeborough freoburh —or, XS
the Norman's Galled it, (rano plege—was a most °tidy
institution of our tribes with other races, and grew
out of the right and might of the housefather, whose
stead the beadboroagh or hundretes °alder hod in
some points token up; while the landowning house-
father Wel borough for his wife, daughters.and boys, an I
theowcs. In the deed of &Guiding at the mb; for another
mon so as to be both for bun, a man WAS said to thing
(thingion), or to give word or pledge for him; Lad if a
man could not thing for himself, but was &binged for by
a landowning housefather, he became his atm
stubroot form of the aver.l—thing, end meaning one
thinged over, whereas a thaegs (hats thane was a man
who had thinged or pledged himself to another, as a
king's thaen to the king, or a common Mitten to a land.
holder. The hundred hems to have been know to
Strom-English law before it took the Dune hundred, as
the hundred was theretofore called hynden, and hundred
and hynden are words akin to the work band, which
has been at some times or places hand, bond ban I;
and.the two bands reokoned In fingers and thumb I are
the hands' times the hoods: ten ti,,...mes tea. or

Thew) marks may possibly be given by Roberts; but I have
nut It.. book here to refer to to.
Too Mayuev accounts commoner in 1515; but thole of many
of the subsoquout yoari are inhoimt. There is also a folio
volume of town accuuuts, 1510 to 1061,20101 y of local Interest.
Other M. 6.8. are-
-I.—A book of urders of the Corporation, 1551 to Charles
2od's flow, f-1.
2.—Muaor Book' and Letters, t *nip. Ells.
3. -Protoodlnas of the Court of Hustings, a sort of Court of
Rocord, from a *lay early ported; obviously of no use, except-
ing for 1 a:al history.
1.-Cobb accounts, 16th and 17th centuries. Very volumi-
nous. Chiefly relating to duties, lovied an yeasts and goods
entering the Cobb.
s.—Subsidy accounts, temp. KIM
nee nothing here on which a paper for the Journal or the
meeting cood be complied to any purpose.
Mr. BLACK, hon. palasegrapher to the association,
then examine I one of the papers obtained from Mr.
Shorten. It was endorsed " Memoranda for Weymouth
and Meloombo ltegis, 1547," and to Atained the original
minutes of • 'fleeting of magistrates in 1587, at the
tavern 'salted tho It tar's Head. The document bore
three signatures, pert of which were wore and illegible,
an I the ty. her was that of John Davis, of Blandford.
It mentioned an attempt to proittoe • " pretended
exonplltication," which was forged. Another doim-
ntent born dam 1606, was signed by William Walter,
mayor, and many others and contained the names Of
. . .

,
many "persona of Eadipole," who, the elgeeton stead,
perform,' Divine service and administered the Sacra-
meets in tho chapel of Melcombe Regis, and received
no consideration for their pains, except tho ordinary
does anil tithes of ltdipls, and what their predecessors
hal before. Two or three others were said to have
oi rlekasc I
of ma n ialeo amsbetru. owt cat
ttihneg pea ogpol(ed, ani
ads
tbryucant
odr
sraby
otnhge
theinselve,, obtained one, but at such expense that
they were not able to continue. They therefore applied
for an Aot of Parliament t 3 change the living from
ll...dipole to Mekousbe, where there were two or three
times as many people, and put themselves to almost not
" undergo-thin charges" in building • new chureh able
to reoci re the people of the whole piriah. This inter-
esting pie° of herd history Tres reed by Mr. Black
with As much en-noy as if it had been plainly printed
in modern Enciish. Next was produced • long roll eon-
raimmin tho arc mat of petty customs received by Thos.
Pitt during his mayoralty, and the expenditure of the
some. Among tbo items 24. was received for • French-
mut laden with salt, and in expeoditore, 3s led was
pail Mrs. Gregory for wine sent to Sandiforte Oeetle,
and 4i for three pounds of sugar to go with the whs..
The total of petty customs in that per was £l2 les 7d,
£l2 10i 21 was extended, and the &coons% cioncluded
"So resteth due to the town the neat stun of Gs 51"—
(laughter). Bridport protium!' many cations books. the
first taken being o,cupio i about one-third with the Sta-
tute Antigua, the seam, of bread and ale, the judgment
of bakers an I brewers, Arc.. but the bulk isonteined the
Regiiter of Writs, temp Edward ICI. and there were
law treatises at the eni. It also coasined • retard of
small sums duo from bergages, and Mr. Bleak said was
evidently the law book of the town of Bridport. The
next arts remarkable for being on piper so early as the
time of Eichari IL. It was mush perforated by worms,
anti Mr. Week said that in one place they had eaten
away the p muds an' left 17s 21. After noticing •
petition to the king in parliament (Henry VIII.), Mr
Black took tip the book of the " Fraternal.' Fortioio-
ruin," which be understoo 1 to be tba "brotherhood of
ropemakers." in the church of the Blessed Mary of
Bridport. This fraternity appeared to have been
establishel to maintain tapers and torches In the
ohnrch. It was a religious club, Mannar to those whose
records are now found in London and elsewhere. When
a member died, all the others paid • penny, and kept
enedis"haaortietwould buried.
Aofboothke
~taFfreithrirnyrtazy burningo Imt
hu
enoottinl
ittgahhi
t of the fli4y Cross, and these
inen expended after the Feast of ohs Holy Trinity 61
in bread, Gish in fish,44. in oatmeal, only 41. in
butter, but 121. in ale. Mr. Bleak read others showing
the antiquity of the hemp trade in Brilpprt ; money
was expended for hemp seed, and more for hemp. The
erudite gentlernan'a per!ormanee was received with
tuuh applause.
Mr. GODWIN proposed • vote of thanks to Mr. Bleak
for his remarcable exhibition, reading old Latin manu-
script at sight, and giving the most interesting portions.
These fraternities mentioned were the very root of
English liberty, as they enabled the middle classes to
combine against the tyranny of the nobility—
(applause).
The Rev. 'l'. Emcee seconded, and said he perceived
our ancestor! invented Mack letter writing, that it
might be deciphered by Mr. Bleek—(laughter).
Tlll CLUB WANT.
The CHAIRMAN, in the absence of Dr. Smart through
Where, read his paper on the Giant, which he had
known for more than 50 yeah.
lo the sequesWed valley, and hard by the spot where
.£thelmar's Beuedictine Monastery dourished, the eye Is
re arsted by the apparation of a tic human figure, rudely
sculptured on the side of • lofty ill, which, to • person unac-
customed to the the sight, Is an astounding and probably •
repulave object. There, with outstretched arm and uplifted
club, as though be were the tutelary divinity of the quaint
old town of Cenie Abbas, he stands In apparent defiance of the
degenerate raoo below, with which he owns nor kith nor kin.
We soon seek a more familiar acquaintance with this redoubt-
able personage, and amending the hill, proceed to make • clan
survey, and take our measurements of his frame, and the com-
ponent parts thereof. We thus find his stature to be 180 lest'
hit foot—ex peck tisra4s-16 feet ; his lower limbs
ci feet—body 77—head 32—coin 100—and club 121 feet long ;
with various other dimensions of individual pares in length
and breadth, which we du oot ears to specify, as they may be
to .nd in Hutchins. As to the anatomical proportions of the
relative parts of his frame, we prefer to remain silent, will-
ing even to allow some license to the artist, who wenn to
have been Mussled with the attitude of his hero, and bee
repro-vented the face sad body In full front, and the feet In
motile. lie covers nearly an axe of ground. On the summit
of the escarpoiout, not far above his head, called "Treadle
11111," are the remains of name very ancient earthworks,
txPlduie PLicra 11 tamor'ed "Ultra
these observation'. 'These remains," says he,"are sic very in-
teresting character and considerable extent. They consist of
circular said other earthwork., lines of defensive ramparts,
an avenue, shallow excavations, and other Indications of •
British settlement. The circles are constructed each with a
low vellum, but no exterior fosse, and are evidently not
associated with any military purpcne. Of the two principal
works, one of a somewhat oblong form is placed on the twerp
-
mein of the hill, immediately above the head of the giant,
iii, about 100 feet in Its longest diameter, has a low vellum,
slight exterior fosse, and • slightly elevated mound In the
centre. The other loan irregular circle, 166 feet in diameter,
with an opening to the south; within it are two small circles
simibuly placed to the interior circles of the Abury Driscon-
Own. E oil, of these works is separately protected by • steep
defensive ',unpin with exterior lone, running athwart the
ridge of the 1011. The more northerly rampart has been
strengthened by the overlapping of its ends, and beyond
this are the traces of an avenue leading to the principal
works; also two very distinct smell circles, each at feet
In diameter and haring an opening in the rest. The
shallow excavations supposed to denote the sites of the
recideimecu of the liriti,fi
ered
gentleman was aiming to est.over the whole summit ofltPhlulat:the hai'llu,nwrouhisai4 an
In tbiglickili:gesticathsti.eroy,
graphic description of these ancient British this
rk
and the giant, in support el a very ingenious theory •to which
dtbmiaddueinvnt:Lpelnieorrif rim
bitij'ie7r isyhasisoubeucpni dP,:f IWona:blinceyei!:::::opededothn "dtota
sithin"puu:kiligcul:rtlyaanrith:p9iirFight.n:lft,anuld)anl.
much mystery, both as regards the people by whom it was
represent or commemorate. Hutchins states that in 1771 there
Cl:tiC;itl:hbb.butTrti t
hl:gilitribtetedw;:eareat.:;e:lth,,,::::c:urnbarlattictewtujusttb::surP.t.ilhabeid"PbaNKl:tatt:::::rhtete probably
14;b were, r
arewni nose
*IV
ly
visionary, (see Hutchins); and by enquiry 1 find that in stoke.
ley's M.S. lIJ mention 'spied° of them, whiati is noteworthy
,
as Way surely would not have escaped his observation, hd
thoy been there in his time: I think, then I may say, de
appareslibus et de non exit:fanatics mien, orl . Ton
The
current of learned coilecture in Its most sober reveries turned
chiefly on the Saxon Ara, and this figure came to be oonsidared
as the topr.outation of the Saxon God, Heil ,
Hol-ith, who, In certain monkish chronicle' is ;sad toshooor
toAbeeinudigntiwiluctu wenthiPaigintlyne, waiPPWlßS"Cichnoinnstel:eheA.WSlDTee"Lbt;re'sawwthihdohiatetlmehnb'hhelodubwiiiireac".4"wtorwedhrkedilugalChwiartygibthmigrtaliraec4a:et
lierpetualati.lcuida,r:thaTheint, ILkie.tyheoneneruthi:ak.of " with
zgol„Then StukolY. in 1761, idenUlled this Got
lieu with Hercules, or Mellitartus, whoyist
andbss
also that it might be the amorist of the Auctient Brit=lTl7-11
Eli, toconmmemorate his victory Over the Beiges. The IMMO
Gern-el give. to Ocrue, and 1:1-well, El-stogie, and El.wood,
associated with spots in the vicinity, were newthalled of enures
Is cmililinatiOn of the theory. It ie, however, troy doubt* al
If St. Augustine did ever extend his asiseieruu,y travels re fsx
as D"N". 4411661111 lin nem Ia tradlinernilly oenseeted with
• mom pellucid 01'ring in toe churchyard at ()erne, wherein
he is said to Ws his convene. But the whole

ton, or omen the hands' ten liines
our hundred, sometimes called band-thontine, or hand-
tonti ; or the heeds by ten or the hyn ion. in a law
of King Ina, of Weeiei, who task the hendship of
Woulex about 180 years before Alfred's kingship, is the
law —"Se the bith werfaehthe betogen and he onsthan
wille dace +lege' mid &the, demise smal boon on daere
nyndenno and isynmgath be orlttig hitha"—" Whoever
is charged with deadly fend, and will deny the slaying
On oath, then there shell be in the hundre 1 (nynden)
• king-oath of thirty hike." Cornwall, as wed as
Devoe, is mashers,' into hundreds, and yet in the
time of Cenwalh, 639, and on to the time of the
Ceawlin, in 577, the Parrett and Upper Axe (rivers)
seem to have been the under-stool boundary between the
two races, English and British. And in 83.1 the West
Welsh of Cornwall helped the Donee against the West
Saxons under Egbert. And oven Exeter was a British
town till the time of King Athelstan, in 910, after the
death of Alfred,and it is not very likely that King Alfred
h .d already pushed the law of freeboroaeh and the hen.
dred into Cornwall, nor has it been written what let r
king brought the Cornish under the English hundred's'
°alder. In Scotland, which was heretofore the lend of
the &eta (who were Irish) and Plots, most likely of the
same race, and in the northern shires of England, which
were British till the battle of Cattraeth, in the sixth year
hundred, we Is not find the English hundred by finale or
In kind, unless to wairds or wards, or an all dir.
tricts, may answer to either our hundreds or
tithings. In Yorkshire, swath of which the bun ired
by name takes on, we have Ridings or Trithines,
and the Waepentaeoe, or weapon-taking, or teaching,
or muster, which in law matches the hundred; mod
over the hundreds in Kent are the Inthe or muster-
shire?, so called from gels thian, to gather or muster.
It is said that in Kent the hundreds are small, as, if
they are British ontaharingn, would not be aniline'',
since in Creme' time the buildings, or houses, were
very thick,and the land bolding' might at the ontmarking
of the hundreds have been small. Now the uniershares
of the English hundred were tithings ; and, as it is
therefore clear that the Welsh did not take their under.
sharings from the English, but built up their eantref
of other and many more unierthares, so it is less
likely that they took from the English the hundred
iteelf. It is not at all likely that the British first out'
marked the hundred, and then out-dealt them into the
lower shares, since we could not take stretches of nufore.
meted land, and Coen outshine them into an even tale
of ploughlmads of foregiven six% Moreover the heads or
met spout of many of our hundreds are outetep places.
mob as British barrows, or earthworths, or lone hill-
tops, where there was never an English populatiao,
and which, while they would be of great interest to
the British mind, would very likely if at all, hold the
mind of Begliahmen. In Dorset is tile hundred of Celli-
ford-tree, with the hundred barrow which was opened
some pare ago by Captain Darner, who found in lithe
bones of four bodiee,on the neck of one of which.that of
lady, was an amber necklace with • golden bob. The
hundred of Bggerdon, an earthwork on • bare hill, and
B•dbury. another such fastness, with the hundred' of
hundred's harrows, Ito wbarrow, and Loofebarrow, which
are harrows or eerthworka Among hundreds (mot-
grounds) in outitep plasma are Contheditoh,orCongiesdike,
a dike running north of Whitehurch ; Uggeseembe, a
lonely hollow; Cogdean, • hill near Wimborno, and
other outatep places, IS Godderthorn, Tollerford,
BrownshaU, and Radians. The upshot of my reasoning
on thee" grounds is that Ragland was not divided into
hundreds by King Alfred, nor by any one king of the
English people. I believe that the Saxon-English
(mind the hundred (*antra) as an institution of the
Britons, as we know the Britons had • freeborough of
kindred, for which the English, who did not nettle here
on the land by kindred+, took the freeboroughthip of
landholders, whether of one kindred or not. -The tith-
ing might have been one of the institutions of English
law, as we are not bound to believe that the English
outaloared the hundreds into so many tithing' each, as
I do not think they have all an even toll of tithings.
OLD DOCURINTS.
Mr. Ilime said that owing to the breaking down of
Mr. Blaok's carriage, they had been obliged to send
back for him six miles, and consequently be had had
no opportunity of examining the ancient documents
before hand. and would speak of them at sight. The
report of Mr. Halliwell simply points out what the
documents are, end where they are to be found. Mr.
Hills, for Mr. J. 0. lielddwinde F.S.A., then
read his report on
TH3 XONICIPAL ARCHIVES OF DORSET.
The corporate towes of Dorset on which I bad
Dorchester, Weymouth, and Lyme Regis.
This list includes all the corporate towns exempt
Shaftesbury, which it will be my business to visit at
another opportunity. On this oormeion it was too
remote from the centre of our operations to be included
in my researches.
The town of Corte Castle I was also forced to leave
unnoticed, owing to want of information from that
piece. Probably on the omission of the visit to be paid
to that plane on the last day of the Cangreu, something
may be done in the way of enquiry, to fill up this
Blandford offers nothing for our investigation,
its muniments haven been wholly destroyed in the
great fire which 'marred therein 1731. Poole possesses
muniments considerable in quantity, but at this t inc
P&P"' are
in
privatestatwhoanuththas:ndreetebiledie:nedwgianl
they are widely dispersed. be Mayor gave authority
for me to inspect them in London, where they have
been sent, or a large part of them, and are placed in
the hands of the law advisers of the Corporation, on
account of snit at law respecting harbour dues. Every
facility was given me by the solicitors • but there I
found that a further separation had b'een made by
dividing the documents amongst the learned counsel, so
that at present it was impessible to obtain any general
view of the muniments of Poole, From Warehem I
ascertained that nothing exista there but one charter
of the time of Queen Anna,
The group of Western boroughs has been much more
fruitful.
1 At Weymouth I find that a large past of the town
se
dhngqe.
deutnytt°.;rtt
ousting 3ffhurh.con eami r
Ref.whhaootrmibon nAniangottyamtpha
the
curious
:nasoalset,
save
ity
fwourtteunpate.pethrabaat Mre.t,Shbeyrrepuron Intervened
matter a great local interest. Mr. Shorren has, in the
handsomest manner, placed the whole of them in my
bands; tut the only documents I propose to produce
are some relating to ecclesiastical affairs in Meloombe
Regis. These Mr. Black will read end expound. Others
of these pepers have been largely used in the ex mdlent
book, " Roberts on the nodal history of the Southern
Counties," and from that book some idea of their very
miaseellaneotu character can be loaned. Still, belonging
to the Corporation is a curlews grant of arms of 1592,and
series of oherters whirl Mr. Black should observe
upon. The town books do not go beak farther than
1 17, and appear to we to be of no general interest.
Dololllll= ItiOnees.
All of any antiquarian interest appear to Le-
-I.—A petition for erecting a prison for time county, 33
Edward I, adored In ens preservation,
2.—The Doomsday Book of Dorchester. at least a M.S. so
called. It is a atenAlah folio ii vellum of the Ilith century'
containing conies el docds, wills, and charters, chiefly If not
entirely relating to the Towni It would tilts a week to re ad

Moly libeled upon the most =trustworthy of all foundations,
monkish legend, and the theory founded on it mist fall to the
groans! If unsudalued by collateral and reirrocoratlve testi-
mony; which unhappily is not forthcoming. Moreover it?.
hardly conceivable Wac when lit. Augustine's doctrines had
, taken arm hid . 4 the people and a nourishing monete
tori
, risen even under the very thadow of the Meet, the eitizy
I • Pagan Wel would have been permitted to remain intact,
when a little neglect. without more active ',weevil., would
have soon obliterated it ; whilst, on the ieher hind, it ii
manifest that its preservation must have been diligently aired
for. Macy years have pasted since the gentleman to w loon
I lave allieled, publi ihed the delightful little work, wherein,
bye met ingenious and clever triune( reasoning, he attemptei I
to pence that the Chant must be regards! as the =seaside!, si
of the Celtic deity Baal, lld, or Bennis, eymbolising the Sun ;
Sod as a monument designed to comma:lured • great fact in
the history of the bur itriges, which woo nothing less than a
radical change In their religion from the worship of the
Serpent to that of the Son, and which wee effected by the
instrumentality of the Celto-liellso, end were suppose' to
have compered the Durotrlgian Celtic, and supplanted
their ancient fiinn of relitrion with this newer mod. ,4
idolatry, conformation of this view he appeals to the
earthweets on the nummit of the hill, which he assumes
to he the ate of an Orphite sanctuary, or Dracontiiiin,
devoted, of courne,sitbseiuently to the mysteriet of Sale:anion.
Se non e aro, e ben I rooaio ; • theory that, "like the bagel=
mete sf a vision," needs a more tetras:Alai foundation to
sten" upon. That the worship.' the Serpent, or Ophiolatory,
war at any lime a pre, ailing form of superstition in Britain, is
simply conjectural, for it resls not on the authority of a Motto
ancient cleide writer. And we may trace the conjecture to
stukely, who. in the undulatory course of the avenues of
eppruach to the circler or temples at Abury, and in certain
moan& connected with them, detected, or thought he hail
detected, the key which unlocked all the mystery, aid the
Druidical temple became at once revealed to his sight as the
theatre of Griddle rites, a Dracontium, as he termed it, a
mune unauthorised by ancient writers,but which has since been
oemioaally applied to similar McCabe= circles and mom
avenues in Doniet (as the Rocks it Little Mayne), as well as
in other parts, conveying, I believe, an erroneous idea of
their original use: The Druidical religion was not so gross in
its couceptlona ; but the sun and heavenly bodice were the
objects of its adoration, indealized under • various and Im-
posing symbolism, of which time Serpent was an acknowledged
integrant.. though not an idol. We know from Case who were
the principal British deities in the anti.Chrlelau ors ; they
were Mercury and Apollo, or such ail corresponded to them
(emitter deities of classic mythology, the ideal representatives
of the sun ; and in a remarkable portage in Hectacus,who lived
500 years before the Christian tea, cited by Diedorius,refereuce
is made to the worship of Apollo in an Wand of the Hyper-
borean ocean, by commentators generally understood to be
Britain, and ins locality of thatisland apparently none other
than Archery or Stonehenge. Here then, at a date closely
bordering on the pre-historic period, we find that the Sun was
the object of
_primeval worehlp; We can go back no further
in history. The Kens!, and the Kelto-Belgas of Ceser's day
had but one and the sense religious system ;the:afore the latter
could not have been instrumental In subverting the old-stab-
Ilshod rites and dogmas which the former postemed. The
theory involves also another speculation which we believe to
be equally untenable, as founded on like conjectural evidence,
the conquest of the Durotriget by the Belga. If even they
hail, by suoetwelul Invasion, poseesed themselves of the tern.
tory, we maiataM that they would not have Introduced a new
form of religion, as we have already observed. There is yet
another way of explaining the existence of the Giant, that may
indeed, divest him of a good deal of allegory with which he has
been clothed,and,atill without impugning =claim to tea monu-
ment of geaulue antiquity. The Benedictine Abbey of Oerne
wao
founded by Afthelinar,or 9107; was richly endowed
with lands; became the seat of learning; and, no doubt, of
much dissipation also: hence it Ls quite within the bounds
of probability that, Li "Sagan always tlnd mine work for idle
hands to do," the monks of that establishment (without wish-
ing to impute to them any such dart inspiration) in conjunc-
tion perhaps with sumo of the townloik, may have occupied
some of their vacant hours is portraying the lineaments of
this legendary personage. Nor might this description be deemed
at ali derogatory to their &reale taste or skill, for we have
abundant proof in the carrs and *eel eters of medieval age
that the principles of melMc taste engendered within the
cloister were not essentially of that relined, pure, end chaste
style which prevails in works ef modern art We have more
over, analogy to guide wt. At Wilmington, in Sussex,
there is the figure of a gigantic man incised in a anal's:
manner on the maarpment of • lofty chalk hill. It is 20 feet
In height, end bolds a sten in each hand. Here also stood •
Benedictine Priory, and this figure Ls traditionally ascribed to
the Whines cif the monks, There was formerly a gigantic
figure on Sholover-hill, Oxford, nor is the analogy wanting In
Auerica, for Protestor Wilson °bearer; The Corm giant
preserves a curious counterpart to those (Incised Ivrea) scat-
tered over the prairie Mods beyond the shores of Lake
Michigan." A legendary belief in gime seems to have been
universal. Dr. Maton has the following Judi aous remarks :
"Without resorting to any ridiculous story, or to any conceit
of antiquarians, for the iiriglo of the figure, one may condole
that moat works of this sort, especially when coutiguow ti
encampments, were the amusement merely of idle people, and
cut out with as little meaning perhaps, so shepherd,' boys
strip off the turf on the Wiltshire plains." The "ridiculous
story " here alluded to is the tradition current aniong.t the
peasentry of Cerne, that the is the memorial of a certain
giant who, having feasted on part of a flock of sheep in the
Vale of Blackmour, laid hiumell down to take his siesta on the
side of this bill, and was den by the =manta on the spot.
Hutchins observes of this legatid that it prove* at any rate
the antiquity of the monument but it would be hard to
say which in the more ancient of the two, the legend
the symbol. The uninformed intellect dealt very largely
In the belief of giants; which was a peculiarly
navies and Teutonic phase of mind, for we find the
Eida and other northern literature full of the exploits of
ouch imaginary monster& Geoffrey of Monmouth, the
monkish historian, impresses upon his readers that Britain
wet originally peopled with "none but a few giants," when
Brutus and hit company took poseesion of it; they n forced
the giants to fly luto the mew of the mountains and divided
the country, etc." And be goes on to relate the history of
" one detestable monster, Goemaget (Giermagog) in stature
twelve cubits, and of such prodigious strength that at one
slake he pulled up an oak ea if it had been an hazel wend,
Se." But we need not adduce any more fable of the kind,
for it it a well-known fact throughout the middle ages, that
the Aotitious adventures of men of superhuman strength and
" vast bodily composture" &lionise a most fruitful subject of
romance. In this, as in other pets of Britain, we have arson=
these tumuli of the primeval inhabitants, many which bear
the appellation of "Giant.' graves'; and there is also the
"Giants' Colt," or Cromlech, testifying to that peculiar phase
of the mind which delights to Woke ill ignorance in mystery
and fable—" °nine iguotum pro magnilloo." Arvi if in Qom
days of ignorance the feed' bone of some unigatherium or
other extinct animal of astounding sloe, had met the ado:tithed
view of our rustic philosophers, it would have been held as a
crowning proof of the existence of • mos of British Anakim.
Enough has been mid to justify the opinion that we need not
extend our reattaches beyond the bounds of medieval history
to give a plausible if not a eatisfactory explanation of that
mysterious phenomenon "the Cerne Giant."
The Cam Lit 85 told the story of St. Augnetine's well,
Mr. WRIGHT emimunied the plan for to-morrow, and
the meeting closed,

On Wednesday the rain began about 10 o'clock to
fell heavily; but the archaeologists mustered in pretty
good fore, at the Council Chamber, where J, MlUedge,
Eaq. (Mayor), and F. C. Steggall, Seq., town clerk,
exhibited the "regalia" as they are incorrectly termed
belonging to the Corporation. There were displayed
two modern gilt mans of large miss, and modern work-
manship, small maces of the time of the Stuart's, about
half-a-dosen seals of different ages, the Mayor's chain,
Mr. BUCK said they had • rich eolleetien of articles
before them, and he was sorry to say he was incom-
petent to speak upon some among them. The first
objeota;were • very interesting aeries of seals. Their
were, it must be remembered, originally two =cleat
boroughs. which had different seals and separate °or-
porations •' but they now formed one, and in the oollec-
Bon were seals of each =dent borough, and of the
united borough of Weymouth and ileleombe Regis.
Toe first seal was one of Edward L, the mod of the
mayoralty of the town of ileloombe. with • large shield
of the arms of England, bat he could only trace the
word Meloombe on it.
Mr. Hills mad it was like the sal on one of Mx.
Sharron's documents.
Mr. Black replied it was the identical seal. The
next was one half of • seal, which was originally in
two halves, representing a ship with poste of arms, it
was very old, and was before the time of the use of the
rudder, and was represented with • steering oar. In
Mr. Cruden's history of the port of Gravesend, he
thought be had fixed the precise date at which the
rudder began to be used, (about which there had been
much doubt), for on gold scans of Bdward lIL, soma
ships had the old steering oar bat alter that time the
rudder. Mr. Swale, be believed, had one of those
Milli with him. tie (Mr. Bleak) afterwards found
from the documents in the award office, that at
Bayonne in 1299, the rudder was actually used, and
there is • pen toed ink drawing of it in one of
the public records. ThIII two shields on the seal,
oontatned the arms of Castile and Leon, and
last night • paper was produced, with broken
Impressions of three seals, one of which was taken
from this very seal. At the top of the piper there
was a little pedigree showing the descent of Eleanor,
the Queen of Edward L and this was to show why the
arms of Castile and Leon appeared on the shield, from
the time of the marriage. FOodbly this seal was
engraved before the marriage took plaoe, though of the
time of Edward I. Another shield containing the same
arms appeared on the quarter of the ship. Mr. lilsic
then pulsed on to a vary bright hand-seal. which pro-
bably had been for the use of the Mayoralty or
Admiralty of the port. lie believed the town had
had in Admiralty jurisdotlon.
The MAYOI and Tows CLIME replied yet
Mr. BL/CIL continued that toe ship on this seal wu
one of a later time than the others, he had mentioned,
with three oasts and • high mists& deck, and the shield
against the middle mast also bore the arms of Castile
and Loon. The next Gael was one of Weymouth and
Melcombe Regis after the union of the two boroaght,
which had some arms upon a shield mach more
voiosoo, .../ drh•a ttle 111:114La
was engraved, and showing a fortaflei wall. It was
therefore evident that this town mast have been fortified
sobateatially, near the water, or they °mild not have
put the fortifioation upon the seal.
Mr. lituos maid there had onas been • eastl• here.
Mr. Suet remarked that the fortifiaxtion must
been • substantial one, and near the water.

have

4r. B. if. BLIOT i&Li there -w-si a am—alf lOW on the

Mil STZGOLLL s&id thlit WU WI the lisplthacle whole
wee bailt
_ • ._

Mr. Mawr said the next wits epeir of seals, of which
one was wanting, with holes for the pep in order ta
hammer it down on the wax. Others are used with a
when they had more pliant war ;
one of which eorresponied with that seal oontaining a
ship with wind in the cell, and the armorial bearinirs
painted on the saili A Icier seal of the time of
Teen Elizabeth or James I, ie that of the town of
eymouth and lielcombe Regis, and there is as° •
email seal of the Mayor for precepts, still boariag ths
fortifications.

Mr. Huta uketl why the arm, of Chotaa and Leon
were on the Weymouth seals?
Mr. Rum laid he would explain that. He pro.
daoed • document under the seal of Clarenaieux. King
of arms, reciting ,that in the reign of Queen Elisaboth
Lb. Mayor and Corporation enquirad what their
aims were, and the dominant was an exemplifiaation
of arms very fairly 116011111 in the Italie hand, not •
new grant, but an exempliteetion. agrmably to the
&wheat arms and seals. so that the bearing arms is not
to be trued to this document, but were borne mush
further bask. The arms of Castile and Leon fame to
be on the seal of Weymouth from the time of Edward
L. bemuse the king had married Bomar of dimin, and
Weymouth having originally borne the Royal arms of
Ragland, when there was • royal alliance with Spain,
Weymouth was entitled to bear the royal arms of
Spain. Mr. Black then pared on to • cheat of docu-
ments, which he Gelled a real treasure-sheet. One
document showing a piens of the great seal of England ,
was of the time of Edward IL, dared et New Sarum'
It recited ChM " We have impeeted the *barter of the
very adebrated lord Edward," late king, who greeted
to Weymouth all the liberties granted to the Mamas
of London, that they may defend themaelvee according
to the custom of that ally. The only exaeption to the
grant was "What the dead would say it they were
Hive, it shell not be iambi' to swear," That. bad been
aenstom that • man might's to the grave of. deceased
ancestor, and swear what his leteetioa was—a privi-
lege abased, and leading to a greet deal of hand, end
no doubt When away from the city of London on its
I own petition. It wee etea oa the Siih May lath.