The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-10-23 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

over their harvest, when a stroke of the pen or an order in
Council would obviate the whole difficulty? The directors of the
Bank of England must wait upon the Government and insist
upon cash-payments being suspended for a time,—it may be
so long as the war lasts. We live in extraordinary times, and
extraordinary means must be resorted to. Having arrived at
this point, let them issue 10 or 15 millions of one-pound notes,
and the commerce and industry of the country will go on
independent of any imaginary value of gold. A mere suspen-
sion of Peel's Bank Bill of 1844 will not meet the case. To
keep the bullion in the country, the Bank of England ought
to suspend making cash-payments. Should the Bank of
France still require four or five millions, then we could lend it
to them without any disastrous consequences resulting.—Your
obedient Servant, FREE TRADER-IN-MONEY.

SANITARY CONDITION OF GREAT
CROSBY AND LITHERLAND.

A REPORT to the General Board of Health, on the sewerage
and other sanitary matters connected with the townships of
Great Crosby and Litherland, has been presented by Mr. R.
Rawlinson, C.E., and has just been published. As is usual
with the reports of this gentleman, he commences by a pains-
taking statement of all the preliminary matters connected with
the townships in question which can be supposed to exercise
any important influence on the general salubrity of the dis-
trict. After discussing the geological formations on which the
townships are situated, and glancing with the eye of an en-
gineering artist on the topography of the locality, he proceeds
to investigate the effect of these natural peculiarities on the
district. Having thus arranged an a priori view of the case,
his subsequent attention is directed to ascertain how far those
natural peculiarities are favourable to the sanitary condition
of the various places contained in the townships, and he next em
deavours to show how far the natural facilities have been taken
advantage of; and, lastly, he adduces his own views as to what
can and ought to be accomplished, and lays down proposals
by which he considers those views are most likely to be suc-
cessfully carried out.
In the commencement of his report, Mr Rawlinson shows
that, from the flat surface and low level of the land adjoining
the Mersey, considerable change is continually going on in the
neighbourhood of the coast, chiefly occasioned by the action of
the waters of the river as these are operated on by tides and
storms.

Among the topographical, geological, statistical, and meteor-
ological data adduced by Mr. Rawlinson, we learn that—
. 'There are no local acts in force for any of the purposeS
contemplated by the Public Health Act, in either Litherland
or Great Crosby, but as he shows—
" The Liverpool Gas Works Company, under their local act,
may extend their mains into and over the townships, and they
have tosome extent done so. But there is no general public*
lighting by gas, although it has become a necessity.
" Thereis no local supply of water but that obtained from
open wells- andpumps, or rain-water. Many of the wells.are
shallow ; and, as' cesspools are sunk in the same sub-soil, near
to the wells- in many instances, contamination• takes place.
The cost of a supply of water obtained from wellsopuinps, and
rain-water tanks- or cisterns, is considerable. A well and
pump, it is stated, may, in many cases, cost £2O, and.los. per
annum for repairs: Rain-water cisterns cost in proportion to
their size, and this-may be from 10s., the cottager's tub, to
£lOO, the cost of Slate, Leedom cement-lined cisterns hi larger*
houses. Pump-water' 'must beearried, and this adds materially
to its price, even tothe poor. Water may be supplied, to a
local board in bulk, by any company, at a much less cost-than
individuals can obtain it o or a local board may construct
works for the ratepayers which shall give each a supply within
the 'house, and also haze water at command for public purposes,
fires; street-washing, flashing sewersoand other purposes.
"The evidence proves thatTeverprevails in the townships.
A difference of opinion was; however, expressed at the inquiry
as to the origin of local fevers; some contending that they,
are imported from Liverpool, The vexed question of importv
tion andcontagion need not be arg,ned; neither is it necessary
to provethat excess of disease prevails, to-show how desirable'
it is thatadditional local power for good,,Foverament should
be granted. Sewers require tb- be formegoo or houses cannot
be drained;- and where there are -cesspoolS;,.. either within or
without the walls of dwelling,houses, • there will be excess of
disease. foul ditches poison the -atmosphere; and unformed
roads generate wet and discomfort.
"The population of the township of Great Crosby, in 1801,
was 425; in the year 1851, it had 'become 241/38: and Caere has
been an accelerated rate of increase since the- censuo, There
has not been much increase in the adjoining- townships, which
remain purely, agricultural. Little Crosby township con-
tained, in 1801'i. 317 persons ; in- 11351; 407: persona. Ince
Blundell, in 1801,.415 persons; and is 1851 i 5013 Thzenton,
1801, 230 persons.; 1851, 298.
it b"adThreispoen to'
2pulatlz,&.f ;. L.tiie
tiheralda
jnodin, ing l.gglilicuwiatsuiart;o:
,i7n3l,lBsipls,
remaining almoct•stationary. Thie-increase of population re-
presents a corresponding increase• in the price or land for
building purposer.,-offering pecuniaryindueements for better
local government, as-also for sanitonyireprovement.
"RECONME3DLIPOtfEf.—Taking- into consideratiOn the
wishes of the inhabitants within the -townships of Great
Crosby and Litherland, I beg to recommend that's new
boundary be formed; to be calleci "'Waterloo." That the
Ptiblie Health Act, be, applied witlr:u., such boundary.. That
theloeal board to be elected under the said Public lltaltb
let consist of nineperso. ns. That every person shall, at the
time of his election ,as- member of thesaidlocal board,. and
so- long as he shall continue in office by virtue of such election,
be resident, as in the. said Public Health IR4B.—isre-
qttir tia ett, ante be seiaend possessed real'persoual estate; or
both to the value or =want of not less than £l,OOO, or shall
be- so resident and rated! to the relief of the poor of the pariSh
upon an annual value of not less than 230.'
In the course of hib-remarks, Mr. Ratwlinson throws out some '
eminently practical: eumestions for remedying the evils wl iat,.
are demonstrated in theevidence to. cistoand the remedy of
which is counselled. in...the report. He says, in reference tto
Crosby, "many nuiSaneesexist throughout:the township, which:
cannot be remedied under the Highway:A6t: The village re-
quires to be sewere4and in accomplishing this work facilities
may be given for land: drainage. Public lights will be a great
convenience, and one -local governing, bodk can alone ar.
range for these azii,other improvenzents. at She least cost."
So in regard to Litherland, he- observes,. "The villages
Tequire works of ihaprovement ; fever- is common ; the,
guardians cannot in the work necessary ; and if extended,
powers be not nuisances -will increase with the
addition of population." While fuhl concurring in the value•
of the suggestions: we would call special attention to the-
assertion which we have marked in italics. Its importance:
obvious to every over. and its truth.willbe gainsaid by few.
If this proposition be granted, would: it not be for the bite:
rests of the proprietors and other ratepayers in these town,-
ships to pause in their. solicitation Dar a, separate application off
the Public Healtli.Act.? The Corporation: of Liverpeol, it is-
-understood, is about to apply to Parliament for such an exten, -
sion of the booough boundary, partioularV with a view to-
sanitary purposes, as will include• some• portion, and might
easily be made 10-include the whole, of these, townships. Jilt
be true, as there- is no reason to. doubt that it is, that " one,
local governing:, body can alone- arrange• for these and other,
improvements ax .Tw LEAST cosr,:' can ll be doubted that it
would be for the benefit of the ratepayers anti inhabitants• of
those townships- to coalesce and. co.operate with Liverpool ho
the endeavoucto carry out a general, scheme of improvement,
instead of pursuing the less effootieeproject of isolated local
action ? Bysach co-operatien.they could be at once and effi-
ciently supplied 'in reference' to„water, sewerage, and light :
by the isolated plan they may indeed ultimately effect a the,
rough sanitary reform in both' townships, but it is more-than
merely woblernatic that they-will' be able to do so with wpm'
efficiency- and celerity, as if united, in a general measure of the
eamenakare, in common with the borough of Liverpool,

THH. CHAMBER OE COMMERCE AND
MONETARY AFFAIRS.

A requisition was,.ou .Thursday, addressed to the, chairman
of-the Chamber of Commerce, requesting him.to call a meet-
ing of the Chamber, to consider what course should be in-
stantly adopted for the relief of the community under depre-
ciation of property,. consequent upon our present monetary
system. The requisition,was signed by T. ands,H. Littledale
and Co.; Molyneux, Taylor, and Co.; Thomas,Haigh and Co.;
R. Zwilchenbart, Forer, and Co.; Buchanan, Brown and Co.;
and other influential names, and was presented on Friday to
Mr. Edward. Heath, chairman of the Chamber, by Mr. J. Torr,
(Littledale and C 0.,) Mr. Charles Parker,. (Sandbach, Thine,
and C 0.,) Mr. Thomas Haigh, Mr. Ravenscroft, Mr. M. S.
Beckwith, Mr.. G. Griffith, and Mr. H. C. Beloe. Mr. Heath
said, ha heartily sympathised with the requisitionists, both in
his capacity as a merchant, and as chairman of the Chamber
of Commerce, and was desirous of using every endeavour to
promote the objects of the deputation. He would remind
them, however, that if the Chamber had obtained influence in
high quarters, it was owing to the moderation and cautious-
ness- of the measures which it bad. urged, and it could only
hope to maintain that influence by the use of the same means.
He suggested, therefore, to the, deputation the propriety of
bringing the matter first before a special meeting of the
Council, instead of peremptorily calling the Chamber, which
comprised six hundred members, together. Were the latter
course adopted, it was probable that, in a crisis of this kind,
strong resolutions, not calculated to meet the object in view,
would be adopted. He was not aware whether the requisition
was signed by twenty-one members of the. Chamber; if so,
he had no discretion, but was bound by the rules to call a
meeting of the Chamber. Mr. H. C. Beloe observed that the
requisition came from gentlemen deeply engaged in commerce,
who looked up to the Chamber as their representative in a
crisis like this. He did not think, therefore, that, even sup-
posing there were twenty-one members, the chairman should
receive the requisition as from members of the Chamber, as
they did not sign it in that capacity. Mr. Heath was obliged
for this information, as it made his course clear. During the
last fortnight he had had conversations with various gentle.
men upon this subject, and his intention was, at the next
monthly meeting of the Council, to have brought the subject
before them, if no member introduced a specific motion on the
subject. The Chamber would probably have taken up the
subject on its general merits, even if it had not thus been
brought before them, because they had always anticipated the
taking into consideration, at the next Parliamentary session,
of the great question of the renewal of the Bank Charter, which
was now merely contingent upon a notice from the govern-
ment, which might terminate it at any moment. Present
events, however, would compel an anticipation of this discus.
sion, and having received the numerously signed requisition
just presented, he should take the earliest opportunity of con-
vening a special meeting of the council. Having retired for
a few moments to consult with Mr. Aikin, (the deputy-chair-
man,) Mr. Heath announced that the meeting of the Council
would be held on Monday, (yesterday). The deputation then
withdrew. _

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