biglam/hmd_newspapers huggingface dataset:
The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

OLD HILL.

DRUNK AND Rrovous.—At the Police Court, on Wed-
nesday, before Messrs. F. W. 0. Barra and E. 110018, and
the Rae. J. Clarke, Joseph Davis was charged with being
drunk and riotous, on the 12th of February, at Tividale.
Police-constable Satchivell proved the case, and defend-
ant was ordered to pay the costs.
MANTEN AND SERVANTA.—Iease Turner was sUIDTDODed
by Samuel Growcutt and Co , for absenting birne,lf flow
their service on the 20th. Adjourned bra week.
.

DRUNK AND I{lOlOV, Th.omas Poole Nlae rherrtl
with being drank and riotoas on the 18th, at Old
Police constable Jackson proved the case, and defendant
who said he did not know anything abunt it, was lined Is
and costs in default seven days.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

A VOICE FROM ORLEANS.

Tho following letter ha l been wnt to The Times for
publication :

Allow us, through the iium I yam column,, to
those aLo have ao almi:y an I gonernikly reepobded
to the abbonl made In a letkr entlthol ..A Volga from
°deans," aldeh appeved In your number of the of
February.

We have jest returned from ajourney to the villages which
have suffered moat severely. We have examined into the
state of the communes, and have given rebel to the lost of
our judgment to rephwo Donn and houmhold utensils, and In
one intisume (I.:hardly; to aid In ref urnishlug the village
school, which had been turned into a stabba for the German
troopers It la not the peasantry of the humblest class who
have suffered most at but those who have fur, ished
neat and comfortable homes after years of saving and self-
dental, ard yet have no right to the gift.' of seed and agri-
cultural Instruments, being only labourers or artisans.

_
We would say, however, that the distress among the
tenant farmers Is fearful. One man at Artenay estimated
his losses to us at 80,000 francs. Ile had lost his furniture
and all Ida stock of horses, cows, sheep, pigs, corn, hay, and
wine ; his sheep were the pride of the neighbourhood
To Buell losses we could offer no alleviation, but the manly
resignation with which they are borne and the brave spirit
of the French yeoman class are above all praise. Thor speak
quietly and simply of tbeir losses, and they say, as this
farmer diti, " Well, we must begin life again. I have nothing
left but the blouse I have on, but we have arms to work with
and God above

Once more thanking most heartily those who have enabled
us to prove what English sympathy can do In the hour of
itoi row, and whose kind contributions we have received
through the friendly agency of Mews. Please and Lubin.

We an, Sr. yours very truly,
NIMA PEALSkIN.
Ltd I, ELIZABETH 511AL:IILI:4,
Orleans, March 25.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

There WAR a good impply f water, and the firemen
were materially assisted by a nuhilier of Life Guards-
men from the neighbouring barracks at Kiiightebridge.

ANOTHER FATAL FIRE.

On Saturday morning, about half-pant five, a fire,
:tti ended with very melancholy consequences, broke
out at the establishment of Mr. Kiliner, confectioner,
Bleckburn. The fire was first discovered by Mrs.
Dewhurst, who with others lived on the preiniftes, and
she at once gave an alarm. Subsequently alarms were
given at the police and fire-brigade statione. The
in. tubere of the brigade with an engine, kt:, , hurried to
th• prt !IMAM PM quickly as poeible.
In the Int autane the tire epread alarmingly, and
when the brigade reached the place flames were tesuing
trent the front doer. Mrs. Dewburst, !hiding it Mi-
ra.-toible to make her escape by any of the dot re, and
being unable through the beat and smoke in the room
she occupied to remain in it any longer, jumped through
a window in the third story into the street. She would
in all probability have been killed had she not, in
descending, caught a cornice of an adjoining shop. She
was much shaken, though her cue in not coneidered
darg Mt!, and vgae taken to one of the inn!' of the
reigobourhood, where eke was duly attended to. Mr.
Miner managed to effect hie escape by the at tire,
c irrying with him a little child about a year and a half
_ _

fire.eseape of the borough on its arrival woe
placed at one of the bedroom windows from which
CAM.) the crio and nereame of several of the inmates.
Owing, however, to the intense heat of the spreading
Haines at thin part, the escape could coot, unfortu-
nately, be made uee of. Water we.. then, for about
ten noinutem, poured by the brigade into the burning
building, and when the fire had been checked, the bed-
room whence the cries had c ime was entered, and a
melancholy enectacle next presented itself. The dead
bady of a girl named Sarah Craven, 15 years of age,
who had previously tried to escape by the staircase,
but was driven back by the fire, was brought out. She
was an apprentice with Mr. Kilner. Afterwards an
infant, only about ten days old, daughter of Mr.
Kilner, was got out of the room, It wee almoat dead,
being seriously burned, and little hopes of its recovery
are entertained. The dead body of Ml9B Mary Ann
Dickinson, who, like the girl Craven, load tried, but
without 'emcees, to oicape by the stein', wag next
brought out. She was 21 years of age. Subeeomently
Mrs. Kilner was carried out. She was in a very ex.
haunted condition, and died soon afterwards.

On Sunday morning the infant daughter of Mr.
Kilner died, makiug the deaths amount to four.

An implied wag hold on Monday, when the jury
returned a verdict of death from suffocation.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

THE MARKETS,

MARK-LAN Y.—MO/MIT.
The Country corn markets, by their firmness, are how lead-
leg London and Liverpool, where business has lately been
dull, notwithstanding a feeling that trade should be other-
wise. l'he consumptive home demand and strong expert
demand absorb the liberal supplies received. and foreign
advice, quote full tenon; New York and San Francisco are
both rather dearer for wheat, as per cable telegram Just
received. In Mark-lane to-day Is. per quarter advance has
been made on English white wheat, and all other sorts are
quite firm at last Monday's top figures There are still mu-
chasms making for France, who Is reckoned a buyer up to
next harvest. The tour trade remains quiet, prices rather
againat buyers, but yet below an adequate level, relative to
wheat. Earley, oats, maim, and the other staples of Mark.
lane are each in fair demand at full terms. The London
supplies are good of home produce ; small from abroad. The
vesaels of grain now OD passage are lees in number than in
I b7O or ISC9.

MA RK.LANE.—WEINFSDAY.
There were short supplies of English grain on sale, and
the receipt. from abroad were on a more liberal scale. Wheat
met a steady sale, and extreme prices were obtained, more
particularly for white produce. line barley was purchased
to a moderate extent, at late rates. inferior descriptions,
however, were negected, owing to the large quantitlea on
offer. Malt IVY quiet on former terms. Transactions In
oats were moderately extensive, at fully previous currencies.
Make ruled firm, both to value and demand. BOLOS and
Peas were purchased to a fair extent at Monday's prices.
Flour was firm, except American barrels which continued
weak.

----•
METROPOLITAN CATTLE: MAItKETMNT.y,
The total Imports of foreign stock Into London lad week
amounted to 12,311 head. In the corresponding week last
year we received 8,157; in 1869, 2,948. In 1863, 6,345 ; and In
1647, 7,9113 head Influenced by the depression In the dead
meat market, and the large euppliee of stock at the water
side, upwards of 11,090 sheep In addi,lon to about 40') besete
being detained there, the cattle trade to-day has been char
acterieed by &dime., and prices have given way. As regards
beast., the receipts have been moderate. In all kinds sales
have progressed .lowly, and a decline of from 2d. to 41. per
81b. has been noticed In values. A few very choice
Scots have occasionally made si. GI. ; but EA. 14.
per 81b, has been the general top votatlone. With
sheep the market has been moderately eupplied. The demand
has been Inactive, and 21. per 81b. lee, mosey has been ac-
cepted. For the beat Downs and hall-breds In the wool
Gs 1.91. to Be. 41. per 81b, has been taken. The top price of
clipped sheep has been 55. 44. to Ss. Bd. per bib. Lambe, of
which a moderate supply has been on oiler, have been dis-
posed of at 75. Gd. to be. per 81b. Calves have changed hand.
quietly, on former term.. Pigs have been dull, at about
, late rates. . . .
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

NBTIC BELT low TRIAL, with references to the lead-

TERMS ACCORDINO TO DIETANCI,

Please observe the Address-20, Castle.atreet, Dud
PI ---

ing Physicisne of the day.
Established 1810 as (Medical Electrician).
A Test Gratis.—Send for Details.
CAUTION.
be
and HARMONIUMS u
N.B.— Ms is the only acknlowledged C'uratire Appli•-
nce as in use in the carious &update and recognuted be had on the NNW SYSTEM of HIEING, for To r
a
Three Years; after which, and without any further 1. ••
by the Medical Faculty of Great Briton, and none are ment, to be come the property of the hirer. All Ins
genuine unless had direct front Mr. Waiter droner. Percy went, hod on this system, or otherwise. tilL
House, Bedford Square, London ; echo cantions the public Exchanged any time within six months for any °the, ,
',pelmet a person using his name, and ineitating h 4 not approved of, and reterned carriage free. And I•
Itißcorerits. thee, after • trial of three years. any Pianolurt• or 1
Vide Prize Medal and Hospital Reports. monium would be taken back, at its original coat, .
IF you want a delicious Relish, try Loverock,B the money returned. deructiog tilt:usual charge for h‘ ;
celebrated EVERY MAN'S SAUCE, or Currie thus oflering greater advantages than the Lon.ion or,
Relish for the million ! For 'oast or cold Meat, Rashes, mingbarn Houses.—hpply O. F. GREEN, Pisnof,
Steaks, Stews, Cutlets, Fiji, Chops, Curries, rianle, Teacner and Taner, Mc •ic 0 ,achonse,2l3o, Castle-at •
Poultry, Soup, Salad, Cheese, Seasoning. and all made. Dudley.
. .

dishes. This Sauce is universally esteems,. for its perm - ------- -----
liar delicious rich flavour, and is relishing ill the highest 00,-, PIANOFLIIMES & IfARNO>.
degree, with every kind of dish. Manotac:urea ouly t 3 9 t, j VMS have been TUNELI by F. Gilt .
H. cry Loverock, Chemist, Coventry-street Steurbridge, Professional laser. 260. CASTI I.CDI
and sold Wholesale and fh.tcl, in bottles, 6d. Is, sad 20 Pianofortes He-sdked, Ife•strung, the Minium, Ife-,
each.—ii gent, went..d seed with Piaci:l }sit, 1011-. 4: L:
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

GENERAL NEWS.

Press Association Telegrams.
Jersey is about to have a harbour ofirefuge constructed
at a cost of a quarter of a million.
At the Mansion Hilit-e to.day, James Dommeriow, a
London banker, was charge.) with converting to his own
use .ti 1,600 sbtained by a sale On commission.

rlewirltl:l4‘l,2-4
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01


at the zran.laqt pnrlar spectacle which has ever met on,
,yes. Let the spie• id Versailles report what voices 61i
lite cit... Citizens, we replace nur power in your hands
We h.,ve .:oee everything thrwigh yan. Fiance needs rt:
•4 en er tin g by eLi liberty ant hard work.

IMPENDING ATIACK ON PARIS.
Tlt • ',Aria Times correspondent hears on god anthor•
i:y Opt P rt. Will 6hortly he ntleekt I.

• SHIPPING NEWS.
NEW YORK, Thursday.
The Gahm, Colorado. and Canard Java, alio the In
man :ity of Washington have arrived.

RV Shl A.

ST. PKTERSIWRO, Friday.
By an Imperio. ukase issued to-day, the Finieror eon.
firms the title of altesse on Mace tiortschakofr and iii.
h.-irs, in recognition of the Princes ability in settling the
Black Sea question peacefully.

LONDON CORN NIANNET (CLOSE).
FRIDAY.

Ifarket quiet but firm. Fug:fah and foreign wheat un-
changed. County flour in slightly better dotnamd
dmencuu dull Balder ateady. Clati aellem have given
way 31 per quarter. Maize dull. Beans and peas no
‘nge
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

iTases from 200:Goineas.

Keyless Watches, from 5 Guineas.

FRANCIS HENRY I
4EVER,

DIAMOND MERCHANT & COURT JEWELLER.
Inventor of the Patent Lever Watch. The Binnacle
Chronometer, Arc., ke. ESTABLISHED OVER HALF A.
CENTURY.

Post Office orders to be made payable to F. H. LEVER,
at the Oeneral Post Office, London.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

lot the convenience of those residing in the Country,
who are desirous of purchasing a first-class London made
Watch at a fair and reasonable price), Mr. Lever has
just issued anew edition of his Illustrated Catalogue if
Watches and Chains. It contains seventy engravings of
Gold and Silver Watches, commencing in price at 20s
and with every ones stamped Warranty is:given. This
Catalogue fully explains the superiority of London
Watches over those of county snake, and contains • large
amount of useful information. which will be found of
great assistance to those who intend purchasing a Watch,
for by its aid persons residing in any part can select with
the greatest certainty the Watch that suits them best,
and have it sent to them free and safe, and should they
not care about keeping it they can send it back, but out
of Mr. Lever'a large and elegant stock he is able to
please every 0110. this Catalogue is a most bandy guide,
and should he read by all before purchasing, suit can be
hail gratia On application, or will he seat post paid to any
add re's Pr two stamps.

Enc.lose two slaw!. to defray postage, aud address :
Mr. LEVER, WAcit Mau.,lecturer .id Jeweller, rai,
Royal Terrace. UriINVCI.IIIr Palk, London, 9.E.

•.• Those who inteud aurchasiug • Wateh at some
future time shoolJ copy the addresa.

The Large Noiinhei of the. Watches in the hands
0. the Public attests the teaac of this Ihrention.
Ildr A visit to Loudon to purelotee a Watch, will save
double whet the joututy e..srs. See Illustrated Cats.
logur.

Auy Watch mot itivoted u ill Le immediatels
Exchatiqed.l)r Mr lorry britirred.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

- -- -
CHARGE OF BIGAMY.

At Birkenhead, Thomas Hughes, a master mariner,
has been committed for trial at Chester SASiZtql On a
charge of having married Mary Ann Rowe, his wife
being alive. Miss Rowe, who is described as "a tall,
handsome woman," is a dressmaker, and became an-
quainted with the defendant in 18:)3, when be told her
he was a widower. He proposed marriage to Miss
Rowe, was accepted, and they were married in Liver-
pool. She said she had eight children by him. After
her marriage she worked ass dressmaker, and with the
proceeds of her labour furnished her house. In Sep.
tember last a lady called upon her, and asked if Mr.
Hughes was at home, and witness replied that he was.
She then asked to see him, and witness called the pri-
soner out of the kitchen into the parlour. The lady
held out her hand, and asked him if he knew her. He
did not know her at first, and the lady then raised her
veil and said, "Now, then, do you know me?' The
prisoner replied, "Oh, and now you have come, what
do you want?" She said, "Then you do recognise me
as your wife," and wished to speak to him in private.
The prisoner went out with her, and remained away
about three hours, and on his return he told witness
that the female who had called on him was his first
wife, but said she (witness) had no reason to fear, and
she might rest contented, as his first wife would never
trouble her. Alter this the first wife called at the
house several times, and the prisoner went out with
her, and remained away on each occasion all night.
Witness did not cohabit with the prisoner afterwards,
but removed with her mother to her present residence
in Gladstone-street, where she carried on the business
of a dressmaker. The prisoner afterwards went to her
house, and took away all the furniture and other things
to an auction room.

THE TRADES UNION BILL—A PROTEST.
" We, the undersigned, for and on behalf of the
trades unionists of the United Kingdom, authorised
and empowered by the Trades Union Congress recently
assembled in London, and by the Conference of Atrial.
gamated Trades, do hereby protest against any such
legislation as that attempted by the third clause of the
government Trades Union Bill, based, as it is, on the
assumption that acts contrary to law and order are
done and sanctioned by the trades unions of this
country, feeling confident as we do that the common
and statute law is sufficient to punish every unlawful
act committed tither by trades unionists, or by any
other person.
"We therefore refuse in any way to sanction a bill
that in its provisions presupposes criminal intentions or
tendencies on the part of working men as a class.
"GEORGE POTTER. Chairman. }To the Trades
RR GEOE HOWELL, Secretary. Union C ingress
Committee.
To the Confer-
WILLIAM ALLAN, Chairman,
ence IA alga-
ROBERT APPLEGARTII, Secretary. I mated Trade..
The Annual Trades' Union Committee, 9, Buckingham-
street, Strand, March 29."
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

BRIERLEY HILL.

VESTRY MEETING.--On Saturday last, a vestry meeting
was held to nominate overseers of the poor for the parish
of Klngiwinford, for the ongoing year. A list of persons
competent to serve was handed in to the meetinu, and
the names of Mr. Daniel Gill, builder, Chapel Hill, Bri.
erley Hill, and Mr. Thomas Fereday, herbalist, Iligh-
street, Brierley Hill, were recommended for appointment
by the Magistrates, on Monday last.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

KINGSWINFORD.

1110RWAY Boone MEETIS,.—Mr. W. T. Abbott pro•
aid' t at a meeting of the Highway tioard, held on Sat-
urday last, in the School-room of St. Mary's Church.
The following accounts, which had been duly audited,
were submitted to the meeting:—Mr. William Meredith.
in account with Kingswinford Road. Dr.—March 25,
1870 : To uncollected rates, £3 8a 91; June 13, amount
of rote. -Id in the pound, granted this day, £13218.10-I;
March 25, 1871, balance overpaid, £1 15. 11d; total.
£1 61 3s 61. Cr—March 25. 1870: By balance overpaid
£24 15, 514; March 25, 1871 : Weekly account of pay-
ments, £1299. Ild ; uncollected rates, £5 is 94 ; irre•
covetable rates, fl 10s 51 ; total £l6l 3. 64. the ac-
counts were passed—Mr. Meredith was re-elected sur-
veyor for the ensuing year at a salary of £3O, unless the
Dudley and Brettell Lane Turnpike Trust should expire,
as we, expected, when upwards two miles additional road
would hare lobe repaired from the funds of the highwav
rate, and in that case the surveyors salary to be raised to
£4o.—This concha led the business.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

`t,:ocal anb p/istrict `tietvs.

COMMISSIONERS' MEETING.

'file monthly ifleeting of this brsiv was held
in the 11,,er.i roan' on Monday Ist ; Mr. Htighes
the chair. There were also present Messrs.
i'“ekwood, Emery, Woolley, Perkins,
Young, Striug,er,Eweu, anti the
itt v. 1. Yaghline.

The Clerk-read the thinutes of the last meet-
which were cooliroted.

'the Ckrk reported thoro was due from the
treasurer the in .f £270 10s lit on the ini•
provenicht acceer,t, ni,.l £lO 178 due to the trea-
stuer on the highway account. The Finance
c reported that they had examined
ills ir labour, Lte., whieli amounted to £27 Eis
4,1 on the 'tor ,vetuent aceouat, and £8 17a 6,1
high woy account. which were
..r,iLruLt to he p ii.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

FASHIONABLE HAIR DRESSING
ESTABLISHMENT,
100, RIGH•STREET, STOURBRIDGE

EDMUND COOMBES

"For the lost 13 years principal Assistant to Mr. Waltman
f 10, Bull.street Leirraingham),
11FGS most respectfully to inform the Gentry of Stour.
'bridge and Neighbourhood, that ho hos OPENED th.,
above-named Premises, lately occupied by Mr. H. Simms.
in the Fashionable and General
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01


THE REVOLUTION IN PARIS.

Suir.r.y n ronmur erns rnrrenr :p P srk tire tin Nati,nnl
Amemb'y bad eleminted the I M.: o'Aun. hentepeut
genemi ot It.. A. my a J. end that 51. Duet• had
given to hi. resignetton. TM. news Is sentient any touted.
tian it tra, probably came., by the presence ut the Dao
d'Aemale at Versailles.

At three a m Cu itatureay a Ruttiest steamed op the Settee
at fall speed. The noise of she onshore sanitised the attention
of Lieutenant Lot, of No. two comp Any ci thelf3rl battalion
Who Immediately round tip his men, and starief in pursuit.
tie summoned tie pasiengt rs to nip, threatening to open Bre
upon them The heat was Cupped ; the National Guards
vent on hoard and wade tin marines, aunt their alms.
prisoner.. SoVcrel lineOrleut documents Were found On
the latter,

The Jinall (.1e Carte' has the following—' The
Central OAMilk, hostas,. in lay before the plahlic She
following dlniot,ch how Otte of their delegates at Lyons
'Lyons, March 24.

-
To the Citizan Meni'ms of the Pads Central Corn-
mlttec
We have anived at Lyons, and were Immediately Intro-
duced at the hotel de Ville. We had to appear on the bal-
cony amidst the plaudits of 20,0 0 eltiL 80 • Elghteen bat-
talions out of 24 gladly made common cause aoh the 215
Parts battalions. Not a drop of tiood was shed, thanks
to the precautionary measures taken by the Provisional
Committee. The Government of swanlike i. not acknow-
ledged.
" Finally, the cause of the people triumphs, and Paris
alone is acknowledged as the capital.
" 'For the Galen:Mon, A MOCREI:
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

CBADLEY HEATH.

SERIoud ACCIDRNT.—An accident of 11 serious nature
occurred to Mr. Hodgson, of this town. It appears that
on Monday Mr. Hodgson was driving in a vehicle with
his wife. The horse took fright, thr4wing Mr. Hodgson
out of the trap. The horse ran on towards the Hay
Green turnpike gate, when Yolicmconstable Rea seeing
the horse coming, shut the gate. 'the horse dashed
against it end broke the vehicle, and slight hurt
Mr. Hodgson received sonic bruises, but has partially
recovered.

PILIMITIVE PoIIiTHODIeT CIIAPEL.—on Sunday Met three
sermons were preaeh,i by the Bee. B. Bowen, of Wem.
SaMp, nn Mie U,enfiebd, M beh.ilf of the Sunday
Schcoi. Ihe services were extremely well attended, and
the children acquitted themselves admirably. The col.
lections amounted to over £3l. At the conclusion of the
evening service the choir were entertained to supper in
the scl.wdroom.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

ISIDORE DE BOLLA'S

LONDON OP ERA C OMP A NY.
TN! RE GRAND NIGHTS, '3,0, (h,4 544.

M0N10.41. APRIL
Under distinguished Patronage,
.r the BENEFIT of Mr. STANLEY BET:EWAN,

'Win's ROSE OF CASTILLE.
To conclude w,th the Laughable Faroe of
THE QUAKER.

TrESDAr. APRIL -BA,
YT the BENEFIT of MISS PALMER,
Flotow's MARTHA.
To be followed ba the Laughable Farce,
CAPTAIN'S NOT A MISS,
It: which Mi.% JENNY BE k1.t.'1.1e.12C. Oro e-i,Lrated
Bu,le.tre

WEDNESDAY. APRIL tk
THE LAST NIGHT.
For the BENEFIT of Mr. ISIP EDS SOLLA,
Wallace's LEMUEL:.

Tieksts : Reserved Seats, 2s S.; Steoud, Is; Prom«
ands. 6d. Plat; at it.
See Day Dills.

WESLEY.IN CHAPEL, STOUNBRIDGE.

ON 2,:vSDAI" APRIL N. 1871,
33.A.ZA.A.R#
Will be held in the Adjoining Shoots, whoa
ARTICLES OF A USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL
KIND,

Will be offered in Great Variety, at Moderate Prices.
Praceeds of same will be devoted to the Extinction of
the Debt on the above Chapel.

The Bazaar will be opened at Twelve o'clock by
PETER HARRIS, Rey., ot Brierley Hill, assisted by
the Circuit Ministers.
Music at interval,
A.linisaion: Sixpence. be provided for
Friends from a distance at Sixpence each.

GRLAT. WESTERN RAILWAY.

EASTER HOLIDAYS.

ORDINARY RETURN TICKETS issued
0.. TECRsDAY, APRIL 6th, awl FoLa-stilhe
will be assi,a..leuuiüWm,Nissiukr. APRIL 12t1. invasive.
On 0001) FRIDAY the Train. win ran as on Man.
day..

On TECRSDAY, Aram 6th, au EXCITRSION TRAIN
will leave Kidderminster at I 26 p.m., and Siourbridge
152 p.m., for hUABON. ELANDOLLe:N, j MHAM.
CHESTER, CORWEN, /3ALA. BIRKENHEAD,
LIVERPOOL. S lOCKPORI and MANCHESTER;
returning on Tye VAV, APUIL

013 MA3TER MONDAY. Arum 10,h, ath EXCUR-
SION LitAINT wiii leave Kttlitrroinsttr at 10 5 a.m.,
mad Stotarbndu 10 20 am., ior BIRMINGHAM
turainc the saw., day.

Also on '.AS Ii I M,)Y.I.AY from StourLrlrig., at
10 25 a in., and K criu . s r r.t -I.'•am .In 1'
LEY, Wt.n.tekAirt.H, at, - PALVEIiN ; irtuloi• to
saws tuning.
For Fr, &La full
Paddini,ton, Muuj,, lc •i.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

MURDER AT HULL.

At the Hull Police-court on Monday, a tall, fine-
looking man, named Sleight, was placed at the bar on
charge of murdering a married woman named
Maria Hailstone.
The prisoner a few hours previously had gone to the
Central Police-station, when he informed Inspector
Grace that a woman had been murdered in Dock-street.
The man's manner was such as to lead the officer to
suppose he was insane, and he locked him up for safe
custody while he went to the house where the prisoner
said the murder had been committed. The officer found
the house locked, and as he could not gain admission he
returned to the station, when he found the latch key
among Sleight's property. He thereupon returned to
the house, to which he gained access, and in one of the
bedrooms he found the body of a woman who had eel.
deftly been murdered, her throat being cut in the
most dreadful scanner. The officer stated that It was
evident there had been a scu t -, for the bedclothes were
very much disordered, and it appeared that the young
woman bad rolled ftom the bed to the floor, and had
fallen in the position in which she was found. The
body was quite warm.
In reply to the magistrate, Inspector Grace said the
deceased was house-keeper to the Hull Deaf and
Dumb Institution, of which the prisoner was the
manager. He is not deaf and dumb, but his victim
was.

The chief constable said that from inquiries made it
appeared the murderer manifested symptoms of in-
sanity about four or five days ago; but he was not at
all violent.

Inspector Grace further said, on returning to the
police-station the second time, he had the prisoner
brought from the cell in which he had been placed to
the charge room, and on charging prisoner with killieg
and slaying a young woman at the Deaf and Dumb
Institution, he, in reply, said, "I did." Witness pro-
duced a razor, which he had found beside the body,
covered with bloodstains. The edge appeared rather
dull. After prisoner had confessed this crime he
became very violent, and darted forward to the fire.
place, where there was a poker, which witness thought
the prisoner wanted to obtain. He was held back, and
then he seizld some papers lying upon a deck, which
he tore up.

Sleight was remanded. He had in his possession
when he gave himself up kV, and a letter from a
brother in Bilghton, from which place prisoner came
about two months ago to take charge of the Deaf and
Dumb Institution. He is about 30 years of age, and
his victim about 22. She is the wife of a painter
residing in Hull. •
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

Lamb, k Od. to 8..0d.
r

Herring., pickled, 30s. to 1,.; ditto, red, 12s. to 28s. per
barrel ; bloaters, It to 4s. 40.; kippers, 41. to se. 20. per
box; turbota, N. Bd. to 141. fid. ; 3s fid. to CL 61. each .
10t to 10$. ; trawl haddocks, 10.. to 15. per box;
solee, Is. 40. to N. 41. per pair ; cod, £3 to LS per score ;
whiting., 12.. to 19e. per basket ; trout, Ls 81. to Si. 10..;
eel., 1.. to IL Si per pound; mackerel, 21. 60. to 42. per
dozen; imoked haddock., 2.5.. to 351. per barrel; red
mullets, 12.. to 18s, ; lobster,, 15.. to 50. ; crab., 101. to 281.
per dozen , native oyster., £lO 5g.; commom, 15.. to 115 s. per
bushel.
WOOL

in wool market has been in an unsettled state. The as-
pect (Apolitical affairs lo France being decidedly unfavourable
for the development of commercial enterprise, export tran-
sactlcns have been only to a moderate extent, and the home
trade has operated sparingly. Nevertheless a tarnier feeling
has been al the same time apparent, and values have been
well maintained.
110 PS.

A quiet tone hat prevaLled during the past week. Trani-
actions have been much reelected, and the tendency of
values has been tintavograle. Mid and Eut Kent, 40s. to
1406 ; Weald of Kent, 401. to 70... Sulam 35. to 70. ;
Yarnham and country, 75/. toll2l. ;old, 20e. to 501. per cwt.

POTATON3.

These markets have again been fairly supplied with
potatotta The trade has been slow, at our quotationneZ
Ugh Sham, 705, to ltrte ditto Regents, 601 to 965 •
Regents, 665.10 96e.; and Rooks, 601. 10 80s.per too.

ft
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

A SCHOOLMASTER WITH FOUR WIVES.

At the Leeds AssCzas, Robert Dslby, schoolmaster, wa
placed in the dock to answer to three Indictments charging
him with bigamy.

In March, 184,, the prisoner was married, at
Calverley, to Mary Copley, from whom, after living
with her for several years, and having children, he
separated. She is still alive, and the fact of her
being alive was known to the prisoner at his
subsequent marriages. These numbered three, the
first being to Ann Roberts, at Manchester, in
April, 185, ; the second to Margaret Scholes, at
Rochdale, in March, ISIiS ; and the third to Mary
Ann Mortimer, at Hints!, in August, IS7O. He had two
children by his second wife, respecting whom he pre-
(erred some base charges. This, and an admission on
the part of the prisoner that he hail been previously
married, led to Roberts and Dalby parting, the latter
giving his second wife £2.1, on condition that she did
not prosecute him for bigamy. In a letter which he
sent while in prison to some A his friends, a short time
ago, HAby attributed his position to" flattering mock
modesty and wanton widows," and said that his first
wife, whom he "considered as a ' dead letter,'" he
had not seen for seventeen years, and that she got
married again fifteen years ago. The prisoner was
found guilty.
His Lordship remarked that he had never met
with a person who had shown so much cant and
hypocrisy as the prisoner, who had disgraced him-
self by marrying four wives- two indictments being
proved against him. lie would have to be kept in
penal servitude for five years.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

THE RIGHT OF COMMON LAND.

MALPASS r. THE EARL OF STAMFORD AND
WARRINUTON.

This case, which has been attended with consideratle
intere,-t from the commencement of the suit, came on
again for hearing by special arrangement on Saturday
last, at the Stombridge County Court, before Mr. God
sou, Deputy-Judge. It is an action iu replevin, brought
by Joseph Malpass, of the parish of Enville, agaiost
George Harry Grey, the Right Hon. the Earl of Stam-
ford and Warrington, •` for that he, the defendant, ,o,
the 11th day of May, MO, at the pariah of Entine, in
or upon a certain common there, called Highgate 1,01-
mm), did take or cause to be taken twenty-three sheep
and thirteen lambs, the property of the plaintiff, and un•
justly detained the same." The damages were eeeeee ed
at £2.

Mr. Young, Oxford Circuit (instructed by Mr. Water.
bottse, Wolverhampton), again appeared for the
and Mr. iloaanquet, Oxford Circuit (instructed by Messrs.
Freer and Perry, 81ourbridge), for the defendant.
The ease has already been partly heard, at two hear-
ings, on July 20th and August 16th last year, particular.
of which appeared in our columns at the time.
The case waa resumed on Saturday last, when the Oral
witness called was Mr. cieorge Hackett. He stated that
he now lived at Overton House, near Bridgnorth. He
waa in the employ of the Earl of Stamford from 1840 to
1859, and was steward from 1847 to 1859, which was dur•
sag the time of the late and the present Earl of Slam.
ford and Warrington. He had been well acquainted with
the commons in the neighbourhood of Enville sines he
was a boy. Some called it by the name of Morfe or
Ellaville, and others Highgate Common, as it now existed
A boot 43 years ago linboington Common was enclosed.
Be know the plaintiff in the present case, and was well
acquainted with the property which he occupied at Bob-
bington belonging to Mr. Joseph Law.
His Honour Milli they winded 1-, ascertain ii tin-re an,,
a line of demarcation between Lutley and Morfe.
%%itness said there was no hedge or division. There
WU a gate fixed formerly across a road between Mode
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

REVOLUTION AT DOVER.

As Mr. Punch expected, Dover rose in Revolution.
apply there wan no violence. A meeting of the
Istd.n Young Alen took place, and a Resolution
was carried rescinding the Idiotic Decree against Mr.
Punch, and ordaining that his journal should " lay" on
the tahle, a, heretofore, lie congratulates Dover
upon its return to good sense, and requests that all may
be forgotten except that !lover han had the narrowest
escape frf in demolition. lie had prepared for a Bom-
bardment, to which that of Sehantopol would have
been but as a display of Crystal Palace fireworks.
When Dover shall have amended Lite grammar, peace
shall be formally signed.

--Punch,
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

WATCHES FROM £1 to £l,OOO.

These Watches are all that can be desired, both in
taste and design. They are fibely finished, elegant, at.
curate, durable, and reasonable in price, and I aye no.
thing to be wished for, but the money to buy th, iu with.
Chronometers, Watches, Clocks, Plate and J. celery
of every description. Illustrated Price Lists In for two
stamps.

These Watches commence in price at the very lowest
a Watch can possibly be sold at to keep anything like
time, and then gradually advance to the highest quality,
every one of which will be found far superior to what is
usualiy sold at the price, owing to the many new and
beautiful improvements introduced into the manufacture
of these watches—improvements of Mr. LEVER'S own
invention, of which he has the sole right, and comm.
quentlo are not in use at any other Manufactory.
With regard to the choice of a Watch, it rests entirely
with the purchaser to select that which suits best. Many
however find it inconvenient to visit London, and wh, re
this is the case, it is as well to write and describe the kind
of Watch required, and the highest price it is agreeable
to pay, and then Mr. Leven win select the BEST possible
Watch for the money and send it the same day, and
should the Watch not be exactly as expected, it will be
immediately exchanged or the money returned.
Watches for Sporting, Medical, Astronomical, and
Scientific purposes.

Revolving Watches to form either open (see or bunter,
ad libitum.

Astronomical Watches, to indicate the age of the
moon, month, day of the month, Oay of the week, hour,
minute, second,
,and third of a second. &a., kw Gold
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

TO BUILDERS AND OTHEItS.

frO be TENDERED for sind ESTIMATES
1. GIVEN for the k lON rd FIVE HOUSE.
et The Lye. Plebe nd :...p•eali,el, • s nay be wen se
Ur. W1:11/1111101. the Utnn. Inn. Lark Lane. 'Lye. Bet
litter then Aprol th, 3rd. 'lll.l.

AT CRADLET MEATY.

MR.
.ARC HER cLARKE

fikvirg Erected the •
PORT RA IT ROOM

(Used et the ELL Z BAZAAR)
AT MR. W. BENNETT'S, HIGH-STREET,

CRADL EY HEATH,

Will attend there on MONDAYS ONLY.

CALTES DE VISITE

ss. a Dozen, Two Positions.

Portraits talcs D.ams at Stourto-iiigi , aa shoal.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN I;11:LE
RELIGIOUS IRACT Po
12, 111611.6T11.E7, STI Ul.ti.ll-G E.

DAVID SICIDMOR,E
BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER.

TA S. begs respectfully to inkrin the
JJ • Inhabitants of the Town at d it,tieihity, the{
he has taken to the Business reminded for the last eh ‘•te
years by Ilr. Jon DUNN, at the above address. aid in
succeedieg to it, he beau lt Pi kit. comma:Lee •.f the
patronage which has been so liberally bestowed on bia
predecessor.
. . . .

be alterations to the Premises being now complete,
D. S. is offering a choice sesortment of New
Stationery, and a General Stock of Fancy Good.,
IC - _

New Works, Magazines. and Periodicals yr,avred flows
London weekly.
PriLimis and Boeil.irdire sr, ril et as.

P. A.. I3I_.OOMER,
PRACTICAL TAiLOR

JUSTICE

5 7 , II OLLuil A 1 /I I,' .4 D,
3311R/1/111\TC3-11.A_M.

Gentlemen attended at their Reeidenees.

NOTICE.

MR. J. E. WHITMORE,

HAVING made arrangements with the
Great Western Railway Company tnr • CAR
STAND at CRADLEY STATION. begs to inform this
Public generally. and Commercial Gentlemen in ;Articu-
lar, that be will mi rt all Traits et the athove Station.
Charges strictly moderate.
N.B.—Borees Let on Hire.

J. E. WHITMORE, PEON:II:TOD,
GOLDEN CROBB, OLD HILL, NEAR
DI.DLEY.

CAB, CAB, AND POSTINO STjLISUhLNj.
N

/FRS. A. BROWN, in retnnoins thinks to
AIL the Yuldie for the PUppOrt ..!•41 • •• • ,r.d t..
the .bove BUI•illi.1111, begat*. 1141/00:c, anti • . • •s••
fere,' the Boston. to her sow Iltuu.s. *woo
behalf she would solicit • et/Misname* et put faysurs.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

THE REVENUE.

The Treasury return issued on Tuesday night is the
last weekly account of the financial year. The Budget
estimate of revenue was £67,634,000, and the actual re-
ceipts up to Saturday la 4, with another week to run
before the close of the year, was I:68 7,32,249. The
sources of revenue were as follow:

Customs 19-935,000
8 819,000

Stamps

i;;;"
Income Tax .. 6,063,000
Poat Office,. 4000,000

-
Telegraph Service .. • • • • • • 500.0(0
Crown Lands • • • • 385,000
hltscellsneous 2.972,24:J

The total receipts in the corresponding period last year
were £74,193,865, with the balance in the Exchequer
at the beginning of the year, the total amount is
raised to £77,138.897, against which there has been
an expenditure of £66,138.011, the estimate having
been £69.486,000. The items are:—lnterest of debt,
£26 826,437 ; other charges on Consolidated Fund,
£2,098,328 supply services voted by Parliament,
£36,940,972; Telegraph Service, £362214; advances,
under various Ac's, M. 382,308; expenses of fortifica-
tions, £l5O 000 ; Exchequer Bonds and bills, tic., paid off
(2600,000) Exchequer Bonds paid out of surplus
(income), £770500; surplus income applied to reduce
debt (exclusive of £1 500 000 applied to repay Bank
advancesfor deficiency), £2 483,796; total, £70924615.
The balances on 25th inst. were, in Bonk of England,
£6,952,472; and in Bank of Ireland, £1,346,093.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

A SINGULAR CASE.

At the assizes held at Presteign, the cause of "Cowan v.
Dawson," has been tried, and was a somewhat singular
case, for though It was in effect an action for seduction, yet
for technical reasons the defendant was sued for breach of a
contract hy which he had promised to Instruct the plaintiffs
daughter and morally and religiously train her.

The plaintiff is a bandmaster of a Volunteer corps,
and lives near London . • the defendant is the proprietor
of an hotel at Llandrindcd, a watering-place in South
Wales. From the evidence of the plaintiff and his !
daughter it appeared that in February, 1869, the young
lady had just left school, and her father was seeking
come employment for her. At that time the wife of
the defendant, accompanied by a friend whom he
knew, called upon him in London, and told him that
she was there for the purpose of obtaining two young
ladies to assist her in the management of her hotel,
that she had Been his daughter, and had been very
much taken by her appearance and manner, and would
be very glad if she would enter her service. The plain-
tiff objected to his daughter going so far from home,
but, finally, upon the representations of Mrs. Dawson
that her husband was, as she said, a very good and re-
ligious man, and would attend to the moral training of
the girl, who was then only 16 years old, and upon her
saying that she herself would take every care of
her, and would be as a mother to her, Mr. Cowan
consented. Mrs. Dawson mentioned that she
might! require Miss Cowan to help at a re-
freshment bar at the Llandrindod Railway
station, upon which her father declared that if
that were so his daughter should certainly not go. It
was then agreed that the young lady should not
have anything to do with the refreshment bar, but
should confine herself to assisting in the management
of the hotel, and conducting the correspondence. In
May of the same year, however, Miss Cowan was sent
to serve in the refreshment-room without the consent
of her father. This room was about three minutes
walk from the hotel, entirely separated from it and on
the opposite side of the line. There were no other
females employed there besides Miss Cowan, but de-
fendant was in the habit of going there frequently, and
had such intercourse with her as resulted in the birth
!of a child on the 14th of May, 1870. The deposition
was read of the person who was present at the inter-
' view between the plaintiff and Mrs. Dawson, proving
the terms upon which the agreement was made. No
witne,ses were called for the defendant, and the jury,
! after having retired for about an hour, returned a
verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, Rl2O.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

IN THE STREET.

French Gentleman, taking leave of English Laly
Well, Madame, adieu! As to the conduct of England
towards us, I fear we shall retain—pardon me—the
belief we have long had, that you area nation of Shop-
keepers.
&Wish Lois. Very well. Mistakes will always be
made. We long had a belief that you were a nation of
Soldiers. [Exeunt.
—Puucti.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

J-01-11•T POOLE

BLOB to Worm the Public filet he bee taken to the
above Olo.Establiabed Inn, where he will be glad to see
his Oh and New Friends.

HOME-BREWED AND BURTON ALES,

DUBLIN STOUT,

Of the Best Quslity.

FREE AND EASY EVERY NIGHT.

sr Don't Forget the Addreag.

FREE AND ASSISTED EMIGRAI lON
TO OrEENSLAND, 4USTIMLI-4.
Queensland Government Offices,
32, Charing Crosa, London.
---
a.,
ALLand orders for 40 acres per adnit am
given to persons paying their own pa.-
sage. The st•lectiou free. Laud c. n be
acquired at ss, 10s, and 15 per acre, pay-
able in ten annual instalments.
Assisted Passages granted to Farm Labourers,P: ugh.
men. Shepherds, Gardeners, Mechanics and other el 4ib3e
persons.
Free Passages granted to Female Domestic Be, • tots,
for whom there is great derusiud in the colony.
Statistics and further information on application
JOHN DOUGLAS, Agent•Geiti al.

Appointed Agent for Brierley Hill: Mr. H. Bent, Bent
Street.
CHEAPEST PASSAGE TO
ALL THESOLONIES.

EW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA, 1 :IE
DIAMOND FIELDS, AMEHICA, CAN— l/ A,
CHINA. JAPAN, &c, Lke . oy Royal Mail and ,
Steamers and Sailing Packets. regularly despateliee 't m
all Seaports in England. hooka, Map'. and Tiek• .4
Embarkation, obtained of Eduard Bent, Emig,
Wheels, Bent-street, Brierley Hill.

G. F. GREEN,

pIANOFORTE

TUNER,

260, Castle-street, Dailey,
HAI OR? ST PI.F.AhCRY IN PUREISKING IRP YOLI.0" ! 0

ES I SIONINLS.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

THE FIRST CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY
OF A STREET ARAB.

A poor little waif well known to many whom busi-
ness or pleasure has kept out at night in the central
thoroughfares of this town, has lately disappeared from
the streets (says a writer in the Ili,minhham Pot).
No doubt he has been missed, and his patrons may
like to know what has become of him. Ostensibly he
was a newsboy, and was not above selling &paper when
asked for one, but he preferred to earn sixpence by
standing on his head, or performing a "double shuttle,"
or exchanging " chaff " with persons who were easily
amused. When he had had a good evening, he
would right royally distribute his bundle of papers
amongst the little ragged tribe over whom he was
a sort of king. Young as he was, being only
ten or eleven years old, he was a humouriat.
Need we say that it is " Codfish " to whom
we refer? His name was Thomas Stokes, but
"Codfish,- a term applied to him from a fancied
resemblance between his head and a cod's, was the
name by which he elected to become known. He has
at last fallen a victim to his natural enemy- • not con-
sumption or inflammation of the lungs, but the police-
man, whom he had so long and successfully dodged.
Detected larking in a door-way one cold rainy night,
"Codfish" was mercifully removed to the Public Office,
and is now in an industrial school. We do not envy
those who have the task of reducing to discipline such
a lively little rebel against all authority, who will no
doubt become a leader of insubordination, inspiriting
his fellow inmates with mad ambitions after double
shuffles and street adventures. But even though we
may miss "Codfish,- it is well for society to take in
hand, however tardily, these little Arabs, the despair
of philanthropists, the puzzle of school-boards, and the
precocious recruiting ground of the dangerous classes.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-01

A GOOD OMEN FOR POLAND.

A W.4ftlINV correspondent of the Russian St. Petenburg
Gazette say s that a great change has come over the charsei.er
of the Poles of late:—

"The old prejudices which prevented a nobleman
from engaging in industrial or commercial pursuits
have almost entirely disappeared. I have myself seen
the descendants of old aristocratic families working
early and late in factories and offices, and I know an
old nobleman who has made his son apprentice to a
baker, and is now about to help him to set up for him-
self, without the least anxiety as to what his ancestors
would have thought on the subject. The care for
one's daily bread has completely humbled the old
aristocratic pride and driven it from the minds and
hearts of the Polish nobility. I know a very clever
and wealthy landowner of Lithuania who collected the
remains of his property and founded here in Warsaw
a commercial house under his own name, which fur-
nishes him and his family with the means of living
very respectably. Everywhere, and in all classes of
society, is to be seen a powerful desire for work and
action of a nature to improve the country."
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-08

In the Home of Commons, Aprll 4, Mt. MJI gasa cattse
that he would &ler hie °Ow+ on the proposed Ditsattsb-
lishmatts Of the Eoglish Chattels from tho IS h th,t. to the
Pill of May.

'NOTICE:I OF
Mr Seely; On the 2nd of May to Mane that it in defiral".lo
that the PottnoastsvOeberal onl4 mina Into cornmunict-
lion with the Postmaster-Oeteral of the Puite4 States, with
• 010 W to the redaction of the letter postage rates between
tin two exodstries .rom rd. to Id.
ms. W ii Solt; h : 'fo postpone his motion no the P-wt-
law to the PM loy
Me. Grave. Oa O'h May, to move an lino,ble address
• hat Majesty, praying that a Royal Commbsion may be
"▪ wi'd lw Inquire into the
teeetVna present menus or enrolling naval
Mr CosGsy l, tho Oh of May, to oat attention to the
Pete .4 Misot mortality, NAM t,300 for a select
tO toque Into it.. best Moans of prereareg the
UM&
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1871-04-08

HALCYON DAYS.

On Halcyon days of Eirgl gni, when babies were
really born with gold spoons in their mouths, and could
Le made colonels of regiments, commies& ners of
excise or masters of the Mint, in their cradles, and
without competitive examination I The great grand- ,
father of a friend of mare affords a remarkable example
of this precocity of preferment. The lady of a cabinet
minister (I purporely suppress names) had promised to
stand godmother to the infant, and calling on his
parents a day or two previous to the ceremony, ex-
pressed her regret that Lord had nothing left at his
disposal of any importance; and that toe only thing he
could do for her godson was to put his name on the
peueiou-list as a superannuated general postman. Tan
offer was accepted. The pension was regularly paid to
' the parents during the minority of their non, and to him
afterwards ar long as he lived. He thrived In the world,
become an. alderman eif Lhichestsr, and attained a con-
siderable age, often declaring that he had more plea-
sure in pocketing the few pounds he drew half-yearly
from this source than Ire derived from the receipt of
any other portion of his income. He died a few days
after one payment was dire, and one of his executors
came to town to receive the money and announce his
decease. On asking the clerk who paid him if it were
necessary to produce a certificate of his death he
was answered, 'Oh no, not in the least—l will take
your word for it. My father paid this pension as long
as he lived, and I have paid it myself for the last thirty
years. I'm quite sure Mr. must be dead by this
time." He hail been a superannuated general posts
man for upwards of eighty years! His descendant is
now a baronet anda member of Parliament ; and I had
the story from his father at his own dinner table.—
' Berollcctions by J. R. Planch.e," in London Society.