The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-02-05 00:00:00

GENTLEMEN OF TUE HOUSE OF COMMONS,

The estimates for the ensuing year will be laid before you.
You will find them framed in such a manner as to provide for
the exigencies of war, if peace should unfortunately not be
concluded.

MT LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,

It is gratifying to me to observe that, notwithstanding the
pressure of the war, and the burdens and sacrifices which it
has unavoidably imposed upon my people, the resources of my
empire remain unimpaired. I rely with confidence on the
manly spirit and enlightened patriotism of my loyal subjects
for a continuance of that support which they have so nobly
afforded me, and they may be assured that I shall not call
upon them for exertions beyond what may be required by a
due regard for the great interests, the honour, and the dig-
nity of the empire.
There are many subjects connected with internal improve-
ment which I recommend to your attentive consideration.
The difference which exists in several important particulars
between the commercial laws of Scotland and those of the other
parts of the United Kingdom has occasioned inconvenience to
a large portion of my subjects engaged in trade. Measures
will be proposed to you for remedying this evil.
Measures will also be proposed to you for improving the
laws relating to partnership, by simplifying those laws, and
thus rendering more easy the employment of capital in com-
merce.

The system under which merchant shipping is liable to pay
local dues and passing tolls has been the subject of much com-
plaint. Measures will be proposed to you for affording relief
in regard to those matters.
Other important measures for improving the law in Great
Britain and in Ireland will be proposed to you, which will, I
doubt not, receive your attentive consideration.
Upon these and all other matters upon which you may deli-
berate, I fervently pray that the blessing of Divine Providence
may favour your councils, and guide them to the promotion of
the great object of my unvarying solicitude—the welfare and
the happiness of my people.
At the close of the speech, Her Majesty withdrew from the
House, and returned to Buckingham Palace, with the same
ceremonial observances as had marked her advent. She wore
a magnificent white satin dress, brocaded with gold, and over
it the purple robe of State, with its train borne aloft by pages.
Her head was surmounted by a magnificent.tiara of diamonds.
The halls and corridors leading from the royal entrance to the
House were filled with spectators, who rose to receive her at
her coming, and as she retired.

HOUSE OF LORDS.
THURSDAY.

Their lordships re-assembled at five o'clock, when there was
a full attendance. The ministerial bench was occupied by the
Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Clarendon, Earl Granville,
Lord Panmure, and the Earl of Harrowby ; Earl Grey, the
Earl of Aberdeen,'and the Duke of Newcastle taking up their
usual position on the ministerial side of the House. Among
the other peers present were observed the Earl of Derby,
Lord Lyndhurst, the Earl of Malmesbury, Lord Campbell, the
Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Oxford, Lord St.
Leonard's, Lord Redesdale, the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
of Hardwicke, the Earl of Eglintoun, Lord Monteagle, the
Earl of Albemarle, the Earl of Cardigan, &c.
Her Majesty's gracious speech having been read by the
Lord Chancellor, and afterwards by the Reading Clerk at the
table,
The Earl of GOSFORD moved the adoption of the address.
Adverting to the advantageous position which England had
achieved through the prowess of her arms, he considered that
the prospects were bright as regarded the future. Matters,
however, had taken a new turn, and their lordships were in-
vited to take into account the probabilities of peace. His own
opinion was, that the conditions accepted by Russia contained
the basis of an honourable and lasting peace ; and his earnest
hope was that ministers, taking into account the objects of
the war, would succeed in bringing about such an arrange-
ment.

The Earl of ABINGDON seconded the address, and expressed
similar sentiments as to the prospects of peace. He was satis •
fled that ministers would never consent to terms of peace ig-
nominious to their country. If anything could convince him

that due regard would be paid to the honour and interests °1
England, it would be the fact that the Earl of Clarendon
entrusted with the conduct of the negotiations. Willi
'a;
rot
hope .of peace be disappointed, Her Majesty !Piga nt to
assured that every support would be given by Parliame
enable her to carry on the
fully war.
The Earl OF DEBBY agreed with the conclosi°llb,.ioel
Lord Abindgon's speech, and declared for himself and,t,il
who acted with him, that he had no intention of interferios,the
any manner to prevent the address being carried 11? tiejf
throne. The speech itself, however, he criticised sece.,:of
They did not, in such documents, expect to find the grey
style and language; hut, treating the present speech 5 r
as the work of the ministers he described it as the least 0.4
factory he had ever heard. It was bald and meagrebeyotlo
former precedent. It contained no information res Per
the trade and finance of the country ; it did not mentie!
1
empire of India, its state and prospects ; it said nothing 01
Ie
their colonial possessions, nothing to indicate that the Plic
of England were not indifferegt to their condition•A.
strongly denounced the omission of any warm or he,;:ii
acknowledgment of the courage, endurance, and Servio,;ft
the army—a recognition, he was sure, which would Poo
been made had Her Majesty been left to express her, $ll
sense of gratitude. He pointed out the omission e`ipsl,
reference to Sardinia, an ally, and Turkey, a Princatte
in the present war. He still more strongly denounce
silence with which the gallant defence of Kars had
passed over. But Williams, Teesdale, and their brave ",,e
passions in arms would hear in their captivity that the sloe
pathy of the house and the country was with thenb,
of r
contended that the fall of Kars must be the subjec'ofet
searching inquiry, that the blame might be fixed on Iva ity
was responsible for it. He could not believe without Vcstro
evidence, that the blame could be attributed to Lord 'Fee
ford de Redclifi'e. He hoped all the papers on the Oda;
would be laid on the table. As to the pending negotis 01?
for peace, the noble earl said :—I can join with the n
or
earl who seconded the address, as entertaining no vim's
40
objects more extensive than those laid down by the Seer'j
for Foreign Affairs, at the commencement of the vor•
soat
not give way to those exaggerated opinions, and so to
Utopian projects, which have received indeed, the sal,.lrot
and approval of my noble friend opposite, who though' ot
this war ought to be treated as a war for therelief of opPr sot
nationalities. Ido not agree with my noble friend in gl'iv
that character to the war ; and, if I remember rightly, „sr
Secretary for Foreign Affairs laid down the objects of the 01
to be the securing effectually the integrity and independelic/r
the Turkish empire, the introduction of that power as 3/f a,
ponent part of the great European system, and the t 3„
effectual and ample security for curbing the ambition am' ty
pressing the future aggressions of Russia. Those were te
objects which the noble Earl intimated to be the objects efts
war. With these effectively secured, I confess that I 'll.tyt
be satisfied ; with less than these effectually obtained,
I nor this country will be satisfied. With regard to the deloie,
of the arrangements I forbear to say a single word ; nob urge
I profess to the government that during the course of the is
gotiations which are now about to take place I shall caref;
abstain, and would impress it upon those over whom I b or
the slightest influence, from any comments, or conjectures'ro,
observations which may unnecessarily embarrass the g3Ce sr
ment in the course and conduct of the negotiations. ft 1310.•
be gratifying to the self-love of some in either house of P"',
ment to believe that, in matters of this kind, they are teoi.
the daily and constant advisers of the Sovereign and her. 01
nisters. I have not, however, so read the constittlia°o
history of our country. The prerogative of peace and ot
rests with the Sovereign, and with the Sovereign alone. .0
prerogative of the Sovereign is exercised by the respoesirr
minister of the Sovereign; and in the exercise of that yo.
rogative he has the power to bind and tie the nation, 10,
much as he is entrusted, or supposed to be so, with the rO4
dente of the Sovereign and the country. Such is the rte
which the constitution assigns to the constitutional mni~
of the crown ; and the duty of Parliament, I humbly sa.4ilt
is, not to interfere injuriously and mischievously in the dise''
of that office, but to allow the minister, without impedie3-be
to pursue the course most consistent with the ends
attained ; and when the minister shall have performed o
task, it is the duty of the Parliament to signify its approvalj
disapproval of the course which the minister has taken, viy
the measures which he has adopted. Such, I know, is net ,a
popular doctrine of the day, but such, I believe, is the thqe
of the constitution, and great would be the evils if, in prre',ot
we departed from it. I can, therefore, assure the goveratal
—though I regret to say that I do not entertain that ee'lif
deuce which the Sovereign and the majority of the coti""ie
reposes in it— that, so far as I am concerned, they shao
vexed by me with no unnecessary or injurious questions, or ,soe
interruption to the course of proceeding, until they shall "„,,I
brought the negotiations to the issue of a successful,
honourable peace, or the prosecution of a just and e'
Pb
sary war. One of the noble Lords used the „
i,fl,
" resumption of hostilities." The language of the
dress is, that "in conducting those negotiations
shall be careful not to lose sight of the objeett,
which the war was undertaken ; and I shall deem it right 111
degree to relax my naval and military preparations II", 1
satisfactory treaty of peace shall have been concluded: _it
confess that the alteration of a few letters would have Oro
this paragraph more satisfactory to my mind. I should 11;11
liked "operations" instead of "preparations." I trust 0
it is not the intention of the Government to grand to
uncertain and undefined suspension of hostilities, an''arlf
waste in negotiations, which may be protracted, the eci
months of that season which is now fast approaching, nn,oce
which we have made such vast preparations. I trust, a,,a
all, that there is not to be an armistice by sea. I hope
the Government will be exceedingly careful how they coetri,
to any armistice whatever. Armistices of whatever desqt
tion, must be favourable to Russia.An armistice will
to the enemy in the Crimea a full and indisputed right be
move from point to point—to move his troops where to
pleases, without impediment, without let or hindrance-bf
provision and reinforce Sebastopol by land, and possibly 0,
sea also ; while we, on the other hand, who have the nec°,De
trolled command of the sea, shall derive no benefit from
suspension of operations on land, being in an enemy's cotief it
and tied down to a particular spot. No armistice, I say ; lot
be possible, no armistice. The season, the weather, prevto
any military operations for at least six weeks ; and before tug
time elapses I trust that the great question of peace or 'so
will be brought to an issue. Are we to have peace, or are, cb
to have war ? That which I most deprecate, and that 01.0
Russia is most desirous to obtain, is an indefinite prolonged 1°
of, perhaps, fruitless negotiations, whereby she may be a
0i
to renew her strength and recruit her forces, which, if 'e
totally exhausted, have been considerably crippled 11, a
operations of the allies. The next paragraph in the speeroid
I confess, one of a very singular character. Her Majesty
been advised to say, that, although the war in which sked,
engaged was brought on by events in the south of Etirtds
her attention has not been withdrawn from the state of WM
in the north, and, in conjunction with the Emperor of ,71
French, she has concluded a treaty with the King of SW!,
and. Norway. I shall not say a word against this treaty, ts 4
believe it is one of a highly satisfactory character—certarA
of a satisfactory character to the King of Sweden and Nor
for it was an engagement entered into with him
yt
much as if a man were to make a treaty with his neighry
that he would undertake to guard his house provideo,,a
would not let the burglar in at the back door. The tree,,
this, that we bound ourselves to prevent Sweden and Nordico
from being robbed by sea, while the king of those coontl'le.
binds himself not to give up any land. But, my lords, vi;o,
Her Majesty's mind was engaged in this geographical to it
and examining our relations with Sweden and NorwaYy
would have been satisfactory to know what thoughts ()alit
Her Majesty's mind with regard to the east and west;
strikes me as being very singular that no mention whatever
been made of our relations with any other part of the world,
should like to know, my lords, what is going on at Tehela
for our affairs there are of such a nature that our minister a;
withdrawn from that court. I should have thought that tt
circumstance, and our relations with the Cabinet at Washili3;s
ton, were of quite sufficient importance to merit a passa
notice in the speech from the throne; but Her Majestys
tte
vernment have thought it fit not to notice our relations in„!ti
east, in Asia, or in the west, in America, and I am unwilla
to deal with them further than this, that, with respect to
first, the matter appears to be of so trivial a character, ths,,vo
can almost'forgive the noble earl for not noticing it at all ; tb
if there is anything really threatening in our relations Tv
America, there being no country with whom we are bouoto
such close ties of amity—none to which we are bound by rby
close commercial relations—none to which we are boun° it
laws and language, and with whom a rupture would be so 000,
tually suicidal, as that, I do not think it a subject wholly the
worthy of notice. The noble earl concluded by alluding to!„.
recent creation of a peerage for life in the case of Lord W%l
leydale, stating that an exercise of the prerogative so untte
ought not to pass without mention on the first night old ,e
session. He suggested that the new peer's patent shou;
laid on the table before he took the oaths, and that the (le
tion would be discussed without party feeling.
C 0
stt
Lord CLAItENDON described the proceedings of the ve„J
of Austria in reference to the present negotiations, and gang
that, though they could not enter into any discussion Ott,
the duration of the armistice, he thought it ought to be ablg
The Emperor of Russia had shown moral courage in acceP7o
the terms of negotiation, and he hoped he would contintit?4,
do so by maintaining the letter and spirit of the agree
Should this be the case, there was a speedy prospect of lot
honourable peace being obtained ; but it must be hononreor
to Russia also, or it would not be lasting. He had beenS,Li
manded by Her Majesty to conduct the negotiations at O' it
on the part of this country, and he would not undertake
task for any other purpose than that of bringing then
satisfactory conclusion.
The address was agreeed to, and the House adjourned
five minutes after eight o'clock.

FRIDAY.
Her Majesty's most gracious answer to the Address
brought up and read as follows :

" fthanit you for your loyal and dutiful addrese ii
-
"I rely with confidence on your cordial co-operation WI,
measures which I may consider necessary to maintain
honour and dignity of the empire, and to promote the r
manent interests and welfare of my people."
THE WENSLEYDALE LIFE PEERAGE.—Lord LINDOTIIIO
gave notice that he would call the attention of the home
this subject on Thursday next. The precise form of 100
he would place on the votes on Monday.
Their lordships then adjourned at twenty minutes past y - dif
o'clock.

HOUSE OF COMMONS..
THURSDAY.
The House having met at a quarter to four o'clock, the fob
lowing members took the oaths and their seats—viz., for
Charles Napier, for Southwark ; the Hon. W. Cowper, the
Hertford ; the Right Hon. R. Lowe, for Kidderminster ;40,
Right Hon. Edward Bouverie, for Kilmarnock ; Major, lot
thorp, for Lincoln ; Mr. M'Evoy, for Meath ; Mr. Bond, t,
Armagh ; Captain Jolliffe, for the city of Wells ; Mr. P
for Huntingdonshire, and Lord Gifford, for Totnes. tbe
New writs were ordered for Taunton, in the room of
Right Hon. H. Labouchere; for Leeds, in the room of the l IP
Hon. Matthew Talbot Baines; for the county of Wigtnbe
the room of the Hon. J. Dalrymple, who has accepted
stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds ; for Edinburg
place 'of the Right Hon. Thomas Babington Macaulay, for
has accepted the stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds ;40e
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in place of John Fenwick Bureleto
Blackett, who has accept9d the stewardship of the CluL%
Hundreds; for Rochester, in the room of the Hon. Frlrtbe
John Robert Villiers, who has accepted the stewardship of it,
Chiltern Hundreds ; for the University of Cambridgeiziitl,
place of the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn, deceased ; for Lie,
burst, in place of the Right Hon. Horatio Spencer Viras.,lo;
who has accepted the stewardship of the Chiltern Hunall i; of
and for Tamworth, in the room of Captain Townshend)
Marquis Townshend.
4.; e 0 k
GOVERNMENT MEASURE.—MV. HATTER gave 'Ma - 00
On an early day, the Secretary for the Herne Deputztea;

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FEBRUARY 5, 1856•]

ire for leave to bring in a bill for the better regulation of
corporation of the city of London.
Lo
tnlld J. RUSSELL gave notice that early in March he should
4e certain resolutions on the subject of national edam-
silll,Ragland and Wales.
NAPIER gave notice that, on the 7th of• February, he
444i(1 move for certain papers relating to operations in the
, between February, 1854, and December, 1855.
14,,r. V. SCULLY gave notice that, on Tuesday, the 12th of
'417, he should move resolutions declaring that the house
kfav°l)Posed to an undue restraint of the working classes, and
x.h(mr of giving facilities for their recreation on Sunday by
such institutions as the British Museum and Crystal
p at Sydenham.
W. CLAY gave notice that, on an early day, he should
erave to introduce a bill for the abolition of church-rates.
1. DAVIES said, he would move, on Tuesday, for leave to
f, °,ltiee a bill on the same sbect should her M
Xj,n_
"limed
not announce their intention to undertake j
it.esty's

THE ADDRESS.
s
Peaker having read the speech from the throne,
Brxia, moved au address to Her Majesty, which was, as
i3l, an echo of the speech.
ri!otion was seconded by Mr. BAXTER, who, while he
ka7-ft, a strong conviction that the cabinet of St. Peters-
WAS sincerely anxious for peace, warned her Majesty's
102,m's that the country would require of them not to abate
4g of the principles acceded to, not to submit to any delay,
aot to remit during the negotiations preparations for
kr %Campaign.
ISRA.ELI was sure he was only echoing the unanimous
" of the house when he concurred with the mover of the
in expressing satisfaction and gratitude to her Majesty
quortaing them that she had acceded to overtures which
h 'la prospect of a safe and honourable peace, and that,
conducting the negotiations her Majesty would not lose
of the objects for which the war was undertaken." He
' the house would, under the circumstances, exercise a
it and high-spirited reserve in refraining from causing
embarrassment to her Majesty's ministers while, at the
time, they watched their proceedings with the utmost
'ce- It was impossible, he thought, to resist the con-
that the prospects of peace were most favourable. It
illte they might end in disappointment ; but, if the nego-
- should fail, the country would have the satisfaction of
• ' that her Majesty might appeal with confidence to
Ment to support her in the renewed struggle.
it, V. PALMERSTON observed, that it was impossible for
Ming
Ministers to enter at that moment into details
41,ing' the proposed negotiations. He concurred with
the
that it was not the duty of the Government to
Lthe country to persevere in the war, if its objects could
it,(llputiained by negotiation. Although they felt that the
e ?bums of the war were in our favour, yet they would
beJustified in rejecting overtures which held out a pros-
tof a safe and honourable peace. The country was in
condition that, if the negotiations failed through no
lotipf ours, its resources, its spirit, and its determination,
to accomplish that object. In the negotiations no principle
q be abandoned, while, on the other hand, the Govern-
Vi Would show a spirit of conciliation.
C. ROEBUCK said, as Lord Palmerston had not told the
kL What were the objects for which we engaged in the war,
;i0.1114 supply that omission, and would advert to the mode
we had conducted the war. We had entered into it,
41, for the interests of humanity, to stop the dangerous
disement of Russia, and to prevent her acquiring a pr-
N„,crance in Europe. He strongly censured the manner in
til'sn the war had been carried on, and denied that the terms
otir Peace into, which we were about to enter would accom-
i4 the objects of the war. If, in another campaign, we
kue Russia out of the Crimea, and erected the Principalities,
ql3essarabia, into a kingdom, we should obtain a better
4,11 effectual guarantee.
STAFFORD bore testimony to the improved state of our
'!ltals in the East, and of the transport of ships.
sir
Ds LACY EvANs insisted that it was not for English
fit,ots we had embarked in the war, but for the interests of
ite i and of humanity. France, he contended, was ore
y 9 nterested than England in preventing the aggrandise-
14rof Russia
444 J. MA:frans gave a conditional approval to the Aus_
iis,Propositions.
Oet some brief observations from Sir H. WILLOUGHBY,
ti.was &DEIELD, and Mr. V. SCULLY, the motion agreed
~lei
i'n• con.
-4° house adjourned at half-past seven o'clock.

„ FRIDAY
qlt• HARBOUR OF REFUGE.—Mr. L. DAVIES gave
that on Tuesday, the 12th inst., he would submit to the
motion for the appointment of a committee to inquire
fet),,i'ao expediency and practicability of constructing, in'the
' advantageous part of Cardigan Bay, a harbour of refuge,
4qtord protection against the injury to commerce, and to
eet the harrowing scenes
if woe attendant on the frequent
ich
kiirillvrecks which, occurred n St. George's Channel; wh
boar might be constructed also to serve as one of defence
invasion. And that the said committee be at liberty
q°l eive evidence as to the feasibility of employing the con-
fetti„Of this country on that work, making their employment
the 'aerative to the country, beneficial to themselves, and at
ftli.aa,ale time preserving our social condition, the security of
1%11,e0 at present is so affected by the return to it of ticket-of-
-1.; 'nen.
kinin TENANT LAw.—ln answer to a question, Lord Pan-
-1478T01t said the government, last year, was induced to
ititoharge of a bill, introduced by an independent member,
it the subject ; but, from the difficulties that were thrown in
qvay by the introducer, amongst others, the government
451.110 t propose to introduce a measure this session themselves,
L were they prepared to take charge of any private bill on
subject.
THE LAW OF PARTNERSHIP.
Pfle House having resolved itself into a committee,
kh, r. Lows moved for leave to introduce two bills, one to
417 end the law of partnership, the other for the incorporation ,
regulation- of joint-stock companies and other associations.
theexplained the state of the law regarding these matters and
Changes- proposed by the bills. The object of the first
tl; to remove an impediment to the adoption of so much of
lk„"Y Pri
disturb the existing law of partnership. The other
tt; contained additional provisions for the regulation and con-
ete:Of joint-stock and other associations. In expounding the
176 , of the Government with reference to the restraints
Ca these associations, Mr. Lowe adverted to the principles
th":,!li should guide future legislation upon this subject and
Ittit'. of incorporation, which he considered not a privilege,
pkeist as much for the benefit of the public as of the com-
ttiii incorporated. The principle of limited liability, he con•
`ed, was freedom of contract and the right of unlimited
,elation. 'The law of unlimited liability rested upon two
attPuls —namely, that it insured the stability of a company,
Lilat it prevented fraud ; but Mr. Lowe insisted that it did
ajosocnre either object. The only safeguard for the state to
tie Was, in his opinion, to arm courts of justice with effi-
P4,:t means to sto
billowxtravagance, securing, at the same time,
The ould repeal the Winding-up Acts, and
4” Joint-stock Companies Act, and the Limited Liability
et,
plit, and substitute new provisions (which he explained), com-
-11,'01:y and permissive, for the same objects. In deference to
14
Pinion of a select committee, the bill would not apply to
llo'ance companies.
wil.everal members expressed their approval of the bills,
filch were brought in and read a first time.
%„'C)I,OI,TEL Tula.—ln answer to a question, Lord PALMER-
th'II said there was no intention of making any alteration in
thatwith regard to aliens. The result of communications
IL', had passed between Her Majesty's Government and
ever
had been, that Austria had expressed herself ready to
Viver up Colonel 'Purr, and he was now at liberty to return
iv.'.he service of this country. As the wader had ende in a
1414 factory manner, it woulkbe of no use going any fudrther
the question.
tINENILE REFORMATORIES.—Sir J. PAYING'ION inquired
,the Home Secretary what were the intentions of the
7ernment respecting the future support and regulation of
penile reformatories, dwelling upon the magnitude which
I,..,question had assumed, and upon the inconveniencies
"stllent to the existing state of the law upon the subject.
tb,”lr G. GREY acknowledged that the subject was one of
illou.bted importance ; but, as the experiment was in course
'Vial (the result being so far satisfactory), Parliament, be
li°ll.ght, should have longer experience of its operation pre-
tis to further legislation.
MILES pressed for an early consideration of the subject.
11._4.1ter some observations by Sir S. NORTHCOTE, Lord R.
74VEE0R, Sir W. JOLLIFFE, Mr. MILERS, Mr. ADDERLEY,
I.Lord R. CECIL, the subject dropped.
'lle House adjourned at half-past eight o'clock.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

PORTUGAL

C:e have advices by the steamer Cintra, from Lisbon, to the
Ong
ult. The same day, at 5 p.m., she passed the Sultan
Tsir, k into Lisbon. The Cortes resumed their sittings on the
qf'a ult., being engaged in the election of councillors. Nothing
ii,;public interest had taken place. It was expected the
retualice Minjster would bring forward his report, and bills
3Deeting contracts and loans for railway construction.
p,Although the heavy gales upon the coast have subsided for
11! last few days, rain continues to fall in great abundance.
ii:tre Donna Maria steamer has been unable to take in her
of go, and her departure for the Brazils is put off to the 6th
ebruarY•
Accounts from Algarve represent two-thirds of the inhabit-
Tit:e4 of that province as being reduced to the greatest misery.
6.• „ rains and storms have stopped the fisheries, inundated
ti`'s, and many houses have fallen there in consequence of
-e wet season and shocks of earthquake.
The sufferings upon the banks of the Tagus and other rivers
also very great, and much of last year's promised abund-
Zee of oil has been neutralised by the loss of the olives, which
Auld not be gathered, and have been carried off by the floods.
u, this actual distress and the impossibility of doing neces-
n agricultural laboUr to secure this year's crop of grain,
atler the country's prospects gloomy in the extreme.