The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-09-25 00:00:00

TEETH.

ANEFI AND IMPROVED METHOD OF
FIXING ARTIFICIAL MINERAL TEETH.
MESSRS. GABRIEL, THE OLD ESTABLISHED DENTISTS,
• 102, Duke•,
entsLiverp a )001,
have the honour toOf inform theisrtreet Patind the Public that
their arrangements are now complete for the Exhibition of all
Modern Improvements in the Construction of ARTIFICIAL
TEETH. for which the Prize Medal has been obtained, and as
now Exhibited at the

PALMS D'INDUSTRE,
Specimens of which may now be seen at No. 102, Duke-street.
Messrs. G. may be consulted Daily, (Free of Charge,) at their
Residence, 102, Duke-street, and every requisite information
respecting the Teeth obtained. Also, for

DECAYED TEETH,
the Patent WHITE ANODYNE. CENIENT, as recommended by
the moat eminent Physicians of the day, which instantly allays
the pain and renders the Decayed Tooth sound and useful.
Charge, 2s. 6d. and 58.

ARTIFICIAL TEETH .from 3s. Gd.
A COMPLETE SET , 4s. Od.
NOTICE.—In the System adopted by 'Messrs. GABRIEL, of
Fixing Teeth by Atmospheric Pressure, there is no pain what-
ever, as it is not requisite to extract any Teeth or SFAStumps.
SCALING, EXTRACTING, LOOSE TEETH TENED,
and MISFITS RE-MODELLED, by

MESSRS. GABRIEL,
SURGICAL AND MECHANICAL DENTISTS,
2, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOOL,
AND 7910FENCHURCH-STREET, CITY, LONDON.
Hours of Attendance from Ten to Seven.
NOTICE THE NUMBER 102.

PAINLESS TOOTH EXTRACTION,
(WITHOUT CHLOROFORM.)
BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.
Mr. ESKELL is the only DENTIST privileged to use the Patent
in LIVERPOOL.
A new and elegant IMPROVEMENT connected with DENTAL
SURGERY has been invented by
MR. ESKELL, SURGEON DENTIST,
No. 75, RODNEY-STREET,
CORNER OF UPPER DUKE-STREET), LIVERPOOL.
It ist e construction of an entirely new description of ARTIFI-
CIAL TEETH, beautifully Enamelled and of the most exquisite
Workmanship, from Part of a Tooth to a Complete Set, and is
composed of the finest Materials, which are afterwards Enamelled
to resemble the Natural Teeth, in every Shade and Colour. They
are incorrodible, (will never change colour or decay,) and when
adapted to the mouth are not discernible from the Natural
Teeth. They are constructed upon Metals of unexceptionable
purity, and for comfort in wearing and general appearance
cannot be excelled.
Mr. ESKELL supplies ARTIFICIAL TEETH upon his new sys-
tem of SELF-ADHESION, without extracting any Teeth or
Stumps. Mr. ESKELL has Specimens in every variety, and wilt
be happy to show them to those interested in the subject,
when their pre-eminence will be at once apparent, and this
statement of their superiority over all others will be found to be
entirely and scrupulously eorrect ; so much so that Mr. Esitism,
will give THREE MONTHS' TRIAL WITHOUT PAYMENT, a
sufficient guarantee of their COMFORT, EASE, BEAUTY, and
DURABILITY, at charges strictly moderate, and within the
reach of the most economical.
Incorrodible ARTIFICIAL TEETH, as above, from TEN
SHILLINGS EACH TOOTH.
FILLING DECAYED TEETH
With ESKELL'S celebrated WHITE TERRA PASTE, which
never changes colour, and is free from those injurious proper-
ties found in ordinary Stoppings. It is applied in a soft state,
like paste, to the cavity of the Tooth, without giving the slightest
pain, and in a few minutes it becomes as hard as the Enamel
of the Tooth itself.
A NEW MODE OF EXTRACTING TEETH,
BY A PATENT FULCRUM,
By which means the Gums cannot be lacerated, the danger of
breaking the Tooth prevented, and haemorrhage considerably
lessened; and the Tooth being extracted perpendicularly and
almost PAINLESS, renders Chloroform unnecessary. -
" We can confidently direct attention to it as a boon to the
profession and the public."—Lancet.
" It allows of the extraction of teeth in the most scientific and
easy manner."—Medical Times.
There is generally so much difficulty experienced in the intro-
duction of any novelty, however valuable, especially in Medicine
or Surgery, and that difficulty is so much enhanced it the inven-
tion militates against preconceived ideas, and old-established and
cherished modes of practice, that it is thought desirable to pub-
lish some of the Testimonials received in favour of the Patent
Apparatus from some of the many persons who have experienced
its benefits.
The following are some of the most eminent medical men to
whom the Chair and Fulcrum have been shown, which has met
with their entire approbation; some of them have also been
patients, and to them the reader can be more particularly re-
ferred:—
Sir B. Brodie,
Dr. B. Cooper,
Dr. Watson,
Dr. Rigby,
Dr. Holland,
Dr. Parr,
Caesar Hawkins, Esq.,
E. Stanley, Esq.,
E. Cock, Esq.,
H. J. Johnson, Esq.,
Athol Johnson, Esq.,
T. Tatum, Esq.,
Tthhe he
CouncilPatre Patent Invention IRnovyeanitio n
College has alsoof
s been
rg Surgeons,
onse:ich
aibliteda
Society,t
The Royal Medical and CTluaiety,
The Royal Medico-Botanic
Society,
The Westminster Medicalc
The Society of Arts, eetings of
and CHARGES STRICTLY MODERATE.
Consultation Free,
DAILY, at 75, RODNEY-STREET,
Attendance
(CORNER OF UPPER DUKE-STREET), LIVERPOOL.
Regulated,
t eMgr.
uar
ai Est
esadi Ed : Berlin. method combinesBc
all the modern Improvements
Badly-applied Artificial Teeth remodelled. Children's Teeth

J.
S.
ALv ea rnye,, E Sq• Esq,
~
Hyde-park-
corner,
Dr. Taylor Smith,
T. Wakley, Esq., M.P.,
T. Wakley, Esq., jun.,
The Editor of the ifedical
Time:,
J. Freeman, Esq., Spring-
gardens,
Evans Raidore, M.D.

TEE

ttberpool #tanbarb+

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1855.

THE TITHE REDEMPTION TRUST.

WHATEVER of gratitude is due to Rome from the

Anglican Church on account of the mission of ST.
AUGUSTINE, certain it is that the debt has been pretty
well cancelled, and that, upon the whole, more of evil
than of good has resulted to us from our former con-
nexion with, and subjection to, him who claims to be
the successor to ST. PETER. At this moment we are
suffering under two evils : the want of additional
Churches, and the scanty means afforded to their In-
cumbents by many existing ones. But how, it will be
asked, is Rome answerable for this P We say not
that the blame is wholly attributable to her, but doubt-
less it is so in a very great degree ; while, if she had
exerted the mighty power, which she formerly pos-
sessed, less for selfish ends, and more for the good of
the Church at large, there is little doubt but that she
might have hindered altogether the proceedings to
which we are about to allude. Our readers are, of
course, aware that ofbenefices some are called Recto-
ries, and others Vicarages. Whence and what is the
difference between the two P Simply this : all were
originally Rectories, but, from time to time, some of
them were appropriated to Monasteries, whose mem-
bers thenceforward enjoyed the great tithes, and
appointed a Priest to discharge the duties, who had
for his maintenance the small tithes and certain other
dues. This was bad enough, being a diversion of pro-
perty from those purposes to which its original donors
had solemnly dedicated it. And, as this system of
appropriation flourished under the sanction of the
Popes, so doiibfleis, if they had pleaSed, they might at
least have 'greatly restrained, if not altogether put a
stop to it. For the evil which followed, as a conse-
quence of this system, we therefore hold them to be
indirectly responsible. The monasteries had been, to
a large extent, endowed by the robbery of the parish
churches ; and, at length, their turn came to fall under
the hand of the spoiler. They were suppressed by the
EIGHTH HENRY, and their possessions lavished upon
his creatures ; and hence it comes to pass at this day,
that not only Abbey-lauds, but the tithes belonging to
particular parishes, are in the possession of laymen ;
while the Incumbents of those parishes are, in many
instances, doing the work for incomes which are
utterly inadeqUate, to their maintenance. Windy de-
magogues not unfrequently take the wealth of the
Church for their text ; while sums of fabulous amount
are stated as the incomes of her- Bishops and Clergy.
It will, however, surprise a good many people to learn
that no less than four thousand parishes in England
and Wales have their tithes either wholly or partially
alienated from them, and that the gross amount—of
which they have been thus sacrilegiously robbed—
exceeds a million and a half annually. Could the
Church recover this sum, there would be little difficulty
in supplying all her wants, many and urgent though
they be.

We have been led to these remarks by a perusal of
the Report, for 1855, of a society little known, but de-
serving extensive support. The title which it assumes
is, " The Tithe Redemption Trust for the Church in
England and Wales," and its objects are as follows :
"1. To give to owners of alienated Tithes an oppor-
tunity of restoring them to the spiritual purposes for
which they were originally ordained, and to assist them
in so doing. 2. To apply any Tithes thus restored
towards relieving the spiritual destitution of the Parish
or Chapelry whence they arise, by adding to the endow-
ment of such Parish Church or Chapel, or by the endow-
ment of new districts therein. 3. To apply to Parlia-
ment to facilitate the means of accomplishing these
objects." And, that its funds are not likely to be ap-
plied to party purposes, will, we think, be evident, by
a glance at the names of the trustees.
The Trust has only been in existence five years, and
is yet but little known : its income is consequently
small, and its means of accomplishing its two first
objects very limited. But we regard its third pro-
fessed object as of at least equal importance; and had
it effected nothing more than the removal of one of the
restrictions 'imposed by the law of mortmain, it would
have done much, and deserved well of the Church.
However necessary that law may have been at its first
passing, there is no doubt that it has acted prejudi-
cially to the best interests of the Church in later times,
by preventing such provision for the spiritual wants
of the people as would otherwise have been made.
Tithes, once belonging to the Church, but since alien-
ated and held by laymen, could not be given back again
by will. This restriction no longer exists; for, through
the efforts of the Chairman of the Trust, a clause was
introduced into 13 and 14 Vic., c. 94, sec. 23, enabling
their possessors to make posthumous restitution. We
repeat, that if • nothing else had been effected, this
would be much; and we would venture to express a
hope, that the means put at the Trust's disposal will
be largely augmented, as its objects, and what it has
already accomplished, become more generally known
and appreciated.
It has already a branch association established in
Liverpool, including the names of several, both clergy
and laity, who are ever found foremost in every good
work : but, assuredly, this great town ought to do
more than it has yet done. In conclusion, we beg to
call the attention of our readers to an advertisement
connected with this subject, which appears in our co-
lumns to-day.

FROM OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT.

MONDAY MORNING.

popvLAR impatience has long formed a theme for the poli-
tical moralist. In few instances has the general weakness
been more signally or more universally displayed than iu re-
lation to the intelligence which day by day has been expected
from the Crimea. Two long and anxious weeks have now
elapsed since the people of these kingdoms were apprised of
the success which had rewarded the sustained courage and
active bravery of the Allied armies, in their arduous and pro-
tracted endeavours to reduce Sebastopol. A year or two ago,
the mere intimation of the ultimate and crowning results
could not have been communicated in double the length of
time ; now all classes are clamorous and dissatisfied, because
we have noras- yetreeeived ample details, not only of what
has been done, but also in reference to what is expected to
follow from the great event itself. True, portions of those
eagerly coveted details have, from time to time, been communi-
cated, but these have not been sufficient to satiate the general
curiosity, and, so far from satisfying, they have only tended to
whet the public appetite for news. The more frank commu-
nications of General PELISSIER have been contrasted with the
laconic announcements of General SimpsoN, greatly to the
disadvantage Of the latter as an efficient narrator of interest-
ing events. At length his official dispatch has been handed
over to the public, and that sapient body finds itself not
greatly wiser than it was before. The most gratifying feature
in the document referred to is its confirmation of the entire
success of the operations directed against Sebastopol.
From this despatch, or, more properly speaking, from the
scraps of intelligence which it rather countenances than con-
firms, enough can be gleaned to justify conjecture as to the
probability of future operations, and to warrant the indulgence
_ _

of those raptures of satisfaction with the tidings of the over-
throw of :Sebastopol by which they were at first greeted.
Observing men of all parties concur in the opinion that, by the
conquest of that stronghold, a vital blow has been struck at
Russian domination. The Prestige of superiority in military
matters, which the partisans and parasites of Russia SQ ,inces-
santly inculcat,edi has been dispelled. The carefully and
stealthily accumulated preparations for aggressive warfare,
which for more than a quarter of a century hive been sedu-
lously pushed forward by Russia, have been torn from her
grasp and shown to the world. Explanations of Russian po-
licy henceforward receive their truest elucidation in the spoils
of SebastOpol. No amount of credulity will now be sufficient
to induce the belief that such an enormous aggregation of
military and naval stores could be deemed part of a defensive
provision for Sebastopol. Four thousand pieces of cannon,
togetherwith the vast stores of the munitions of war, fallen
into the hands of the captors, point unmistakeably to the fact
that SebastoPol was the centre of Russian designi against the
territory of the East. The reduction of Constantinople,

though,without doubt the main, was not the only object aimed
at by the concentration of so vast an amount of military and
naval preparation as perhaps was never before equalled. From
this fortress ere also intended to be drawn the materials of
war to be directed against Circassia and the Transcaucasian
provinces. Here was likewise concentrated that fleet which,
by such feats of arms as the massacre of Sinope, was meant
to annihilate rivalry on the Black Sea, and, by exterminating
an adverse navy, convert the Euxine into a Russian lake. If
this conclusion be considered too sweeping, let him who de-
murs cast a glance at the results. The fleetassembled at Se-
bastopid,:iihen the Allies invaded the Crimea, consisted of one
hundred and eight vessels, five of which carried each a hun-
dred and twenty guns, the aggregate number of guns carried
by this formidable navy being not less than two thousand two
hundred. Not even the imaginative scribe who, in the co-
lumns of Le Nord, describes the Russian flight from Sebas-
topol as a master-stroke of strategy, can hope to demonstrate
the necessity of such a flotilla in an inland sea as a merely
defensive measure. As already remarked, the amount of cap-
tured warlike spoils has been immense, and the character of
these spoils is hardly less significant than their extent. Five
hundred thousand pounds weight of gunpowder have already
been-secured, together with a hundred thousand rounds of
shot and shell, and more of both are yet expected to be met
with. Not an ounce of grain or food of any sort is men-
tioned as having fallen into the hands of the victors. This is
too remarkable a fact to be passed over in silence. The retreat
of the Russians was too precepitate to admit of their carrying
with them in great quantity commissariat stores ; but, if they
had not time to carry off food, they had still less time for
destroying it. A flying enemy, which has not time to carry
off its wounded, could not have had time to carry away
stores of provision—a fugitive host, which bad to decamp, leav-
ing behind it two hundred and twenty odd tons of gunpowder,
was not likely to have time for the effectual destruction of its
food. If no food was left, then the coniecture seems at least a
feasible one, which attributes its absence to previous exhaustion.
This subject has attracted great attention in military
circles. If the granaries of Sebastopol were exhausted, it is
no wide stretch of fancy to suppose that the north forts and
the encampments on the MacKenzie heights had no provi-
sions to supply them with ; and that even their more distant
sources of supply were empty. Should this conjecture prove
a true one, with what chance or hope of success can the Rus-
sian army attempt to hold its ground through the now
rapidly-approaching winter ? Their position, in such a case,
must be, indeed, a hopeless one. Within a few weeks, sup-
pose no hostile force were near them, their eonnexion with the
grain-producing districts of Russia will be effectually cut off
by the weather and the impassable state of the roads. The
pro-Russian journals and advocates of all kinds, ostentatiously,
although no doulst with great exaggeration, represent the
Russian army of the Crimea as still 200,000 strong. How, it
is asked, can such an army be supported in the southern por-
tion of the Crimea during the next six months ? Consideration
of this important question favours the conjecture that no time
will be lost -by Prince GORTSCHAICOFF in leading his army
out of the Crimea; but this, if not effected speedily, will be
impossible. Should the attempt to evacuate the Crimean
peninsula be delayed till after the commencement of the
winter, a retreat then undertaken would be as fatal as the
disastrous retreat from Moscow was to the French, in 1812.
Whatever policy is to guide the Russian councils in reference
to its defensive operations must be undertaken without delay,
and acted on with promptitude. Whatever this may be, the
gain of the allies from the fall of Sebastopol begins to manifest
itself on all hands; and it seems difficult to over-estimate the
advantages accruing from it. The actual material trophies,
although seldom equalled and never surpassed in war, are pro-
bably the least important portion of the benefit. It has broken
the factitious prestige with which the Russians had contrived
to invest their military pretensions, and which, even in the
ruin of defeat, they seek to bolster up by ill-timed bravado.
In addressing his army, the Czan says. " The prolonged de-
fence of Sebastopol, a defence almost unexampled in the annals
of war, has fixed the attention not only of Russia but of entire
Europe." Anything more bombastically absurd, or more his-
torically untrue than this it is not easy to conjecture. The
defence of Sebastopol, though dogged, and obstinately pro-
tracted, is not by any means almost unexampled in the annals
of war.- In numerous instances we read of more protracted
defences, in the annals of ancient war; but without falling back
much beyond our.own day, it will be found that the defence of
Saragossa was more chivalrous and spirited ; and if the siege of
Gibraltar be referred to, it will be apparent that Sebastopol,
with all its boasted Russian glories, falls infinitely short of
that extraordinary defence which was conducted against the
combined forces of France and Spain for no less a period than
four years, terminating with the utter defeat of the besieging
fleets and armies—a result in which it signally differed from
that of Sebastopol.
Aproverb informs us,that whatever is asserted with sufficient
pertinacity and boldness, secures implicit credence. The in-
vincibility of Russia is one of those drafts on public credulity
which has obtained currency entirely from the boldness with
which the mendacious statement has been made. One fact,
not the least remarkable, connected with the statement referred
to, is the belief it has secured in quarters where superior in-
formation might reasonably have been expected. Thus, not
long ago, the gallant soldier and veteran warrior Sir GEORGE
BROWN informed his wondering countrymen, at a public
banquet given to him at Elgin, that " Russia is the most
gigantic military power ever seen on earth." Such an opinion
expressed by such a man is apt to produce effects the most
mischievous. If analysed, the averment will be found to weigh
but little. The population of Russia is estimated at 60,000,000,
but these it should be remembered are spread over a space
equivalent to nearly one-seventh of the habitable globe. She
has few roads, and is subject to all the rigours of an extreme
climate ; her people are ignorant passive serfs ; her sea-board
is small and bad ; and her resources are scanty. These circum-
stances, if duly marshalled and applied, render her a formidable
military power for resistance, but detract from her importance-
as an aggressive power. Hence it will be seen all through her-
history, that her acquisitions have been rather the result of
politic cunning and patient greed than of bold aggres-
sion. The vast stores which she has been able to accu.
mulate at one or two particular points (as at Sebastopol),
offer no contradiction to the general truth of these remarks; and
the fact that, with all her energies-devoted to the task of protect-
ing these stores by every contrivance afforded by science and by
art has not enabled Russia to render them available against
an enemy, or even to preserve them for her own use, is the
strongest possible evidence that she is not a " gigantic
military power." Wherever her troops have encountered
those of the Allies, a uniform fate—defeat—has awaited the
Russian arms, whether acting on the defensive or as assail-
ants. In short, the great sham of military superiority has
been cudgelled out of them. Dispirited and discouraged,
after a dogged defence of the strongly fortified positions of
Sebastopol, they precipitately decamped while a stern resis-
tance was still within their power, and are now, so far as
present appearances warrant a conjecture, in the extreme of a
military dilemma.

The spirits of our own brave fellows are in. highorder, and,
notwithstanding the privations and labours to which they
have been so long inured, they retain a taste for jocularity
and a relish for fun which speak favourably of their mental
and physical condition. Their excellent spirits are referred
to by the correspondents of most of the journals ; and one,
as an illustration, alludes: to the dramatic; performances, at
the Theatre Royal, Naval Brigade." From the bill an-
nouncing theie, it is seen that the pieces performed before a
really " distinguished andienee," were " Deaf as a Post," the

"Silent Woman," and; appropriately enough, " Slasher and
Crasher:' The correspondent alludad to notices the perfor-
mances in the following terms And right well they
played. True, the theatre was the amputating house of the
Brigade, but no reflections as to its future and past use-
marred the sense of present enjoyment. The scenes were
furnished from ' The London,' the actors from the men of
the Brigade. There was an agreeable ballet girl who
had to go into the trenches to work a 68-pounder
at three o'clock in the morning, and Rosa was impersonated
by a prepossessing boatswain's mate. Songs there were in
plenty, with a slight smack of the forecastle, and a refrain
big guns booming doWn the ravine from the front ; but they
were all highly appreciated, and the dancing was pronounced
to be worthy of her MAJESTY'S, ere TERPSICHORE and Mr.
LIIIi/LEY retired from the concern. Nor were fashionable and
illustrious. personages wanted to grace the performance with
their, presence, and to relieve the mass of two thousand com-
moners wha cheered, and laughed, and applauded so good..
humouredly. Your elegant contemporary's types need not
have blushedto print such names as the "Duke of NEWCASTLE,"
who paid marked attention to " Deaf as a Post," and the
encore for a hornpipe of the first force ; as " Lord Rozzny,')
who was as assiduous as his grace, and of generals, brigadiers,
lords, and honourables. The same sense of enjoyment was not
marred by the long-range guns, which used now and then
to send a lobbing shot near the theatre, and never did any
harm ; and if the audience were amused so were the performers,
who acted with surprising spirit and taste. " What," says the
correspondent. " would old BErrnow or grim old CLOUDESLEY
SHOVEL have thought of it all ?" Either, or both of them
would, or should have speedily arrived at the conclusion that
fellows who, under such circumstances, could so deport them-
selves, were men of the right stamp to seek
thebubtle Feputation,
Even in the cannon's mouth.

While cursorily glancing the mind's eye over the past of the
Crimea, the question forcibly. obtrudes itself, what of the
future ? Already the ' pro-Russian party,
.disregarding the
bluster of•the Czeit, who says that he will never make peace
" after a disaster," have begun to take the matter so far out of

his hands.- The Fran Fort Post Gazette is informed by a
letter from a good source at Vienna that a fresh attempt is
to be made to re-establish peace. " A fresh treaty," says this
organ of instruction, " is spoken of as having been concluded
between France and England on the one part, and Turkey on
the other part. The object is to invest the Western Powers
with the right of keeping garrisons in various parts of
Turkey. The points specified are Varna, Adrianople, Con-
stantinople, and Gallipoli. Varna and Sinope would be used
as maritime stations by the Western Powers." The date of
the foregoing proposition is the 14th of the present month, or
four days after the evacuation of the town of Sebastopol by
the Russians. Other rumours, from kindred quarters, repre-
sent the EMPEROR of the FRENCH as one whose "thoughts
are turned on peace," the sole condition of which he is said to
centre in reimbursement of the expenses incurred in prose-
cuting the war. In this, as in many other instances, without
doubt, " the wish is father to the thought." The EMPEROR
of the FRENCH knows well that if the Western Powers wish
for a safe and honourable peace, they must carry on war with-
out relaxing, until a "material security " be obtained for
Russian good faith in the conquest of Russian provinces.
While Sebastopol, and with it the superiority of the Crimea,
remains in the hands of the Allies, the power and predomi-
nance of Russia is destroyed, not merely in the Black Sea, but
in all the countries which surround its margin, and by which
alone she has obtained access to them. The allied fleets, now
relieved from the blockade of- Sebastopol, are in a condition
to strike a terrible and decisive blow at Odessa, or at any
other of the Russian seaports in the south-east of Europe,
or the west of central Asia. The struggle which has placed
the Allies in this position has been a formidable one ; and
whatever may be the current of events, humanity, justice,
and policy, demand that the Crimea should not be restored
to Russia. The powerful lesson she has been taught
in the loss of Sebastopol will not be lost upon her.
If she regain possession of that stronghold, however
that possession may be fettered by the paper restric-
tions of well-drawn treaties, all her course of existence
concurs in showing that she will again convert it into a means
of enabling her to make a swoop upon Constantinople, with
this difference, that in the second instance she will not content
herself with rendering its fortress impregnable by sea alone,
but will so dispose its land defences as to convert Sebastopol
into the Gibraltar of the Euxine. For any serious operation
against Constantinople a fleet is indispensable to Russia. This,
with Sebastopol in her possession, she will speedily re-acquire ;
if the Crimea be retained, by the Allies establishing a mode.
rate land force with proper defences at Perekop, and a small
squadron of ships at Sebastopol, her capability as an aggres-
sive power in the East is annihilated.
The experiences of the Crimean campaign have been in
some respects anomalous when viewed in connexion with
the ordinary routine of military matters, not the least remark-
able of the anomalies being the introduction of civilians into
the camp. The pioneers in this species of innovation were
the able volunteer corps of correspondents for the London
press, a body of men to whom the army and the nation are
deeply indebted for the intrepidity and skill with which they
combatted and conquered a foe as fell as that which lay behind
the defences of Sebastopol. The next novelty was the intro-
duction of a corps of navvies, and the formation of a railway,
not of the best construction as some rumours say, but still a
veritable railway to the camp. Next comes the organization
of what is called the Army Works Corps, entrusted, of all
people on earth, to Sir JOSEPH PAXTON. What particular
facilities for organising such a troupe was possessed by the-
lucky Chatsworth gardener is best known to those who, dis-
covering the multifarious bends of his genius,- sought his-
alliance. That Sir JOSEPH understands " a thing or two
no one doubts; and his peculiar talent for organization
has displayed itself in various ways, his latest known feat in
that line of art having found record in the Field, a journal
with which the crystalline knight was presumed to be on terms
of more than passing intimacy. The feat and the fact thus
find representation in Sir JosErn's Field :—" While the
greatest savans of the day are met for the advancement of
science in the good city of Glasgow, another meeting (not per-
haps of such world-wide importance) has been held n the re-
cesses of the peak of Derbyshire for the special advancement.
of Sir JOSEPH PAXTON. The worthy knight has, we perceive,
been dining nine hundred of his supporters in Chatsworth
Park. A special train conveyed that number of independent
voters from Coventry to Chatsworth, where the judicious hos-
pitality of their new-made member awaited them. 'Tis true
that the excursionists paid the expenses of the railway transit
out of their own pockets, and that the tickets were made to
include a quarter's admission to the Mechanics' Institution of
Coventry; but it is no less a fact that Sir JOSEPH was their host
so far as a very substantial dinner was concerned." Here was-
organization truly.. The wondering inkleweavers of Coventry.
amid the "judicious hospitality of their new-made member,'
introduced to a personal knowledge of the glories of Chatsworth,
and, as a pledged teetotal Irishman drinks whisky "unknow--
inst to himself," supplied also with a ticket to the Coventry
Mechanics' Institute. Surely election management and hide._
pendent organization could not more innocently or efficaci-
ously display themselves. The hospitalities of Edensor, deco-
rated by the fascinating splendours of the Palace of the Peak I
Could any combination be finer or more seductive?. Fortu-
nate electors of Coventry, to be represented by-one having the
talent and the means for such a combination; far luckier re-
presentative, to be so furnished with the opportunity of blend-
ing the appliances -of patrician wealth and taste with the
rough and ready hospitality of an artificer's table. Henceforth
the common bribery of an election contest willbe vulgar; and:
ere long the candidate who cannot offer his supporters a pro—
menade and a banquet, amid the fountains, and groves of a.
ducal park, must 'pale his ineffectual fire," at-all events before
the constituency of Coventry.

LIVERPOOL ACADEMY

S-EOOND NOTICE.

Ox a leisurely visit to the--exhibition, attention is called to,
a picture, N 0.174 in the catalngue, by a circumstance extra-.
neous to itself, and without which, in all probability, it would
escape any great amount of general observation. The- cir-
cumstance -referred to, it will be readily perceived, is the good.
fortune which has- attended it in being selected as the
Academy's prize picture. The picture, or rather the pietwes,
for there are two of them, although surrounded by one frame,
is designated, ``Life and Death of Buckingham," by Mr.
Augustus--L. Egg, A.R.A; and with this meagre information
and the • aid of two scenes theatrically contrasted, together
with the peculiarity ot the costume in the first, the spectator
is supposed to-know that the artist's intention is to represent
the style of life, and.ta typify the miserable death of the pro-
fligate favourite of Charles 11. The- precise rule by which the
Academy- awards its coronal is not very easily comprehended
by a reference to its- past practice, and the present award does
not go far in the- way of clearing up whatever mystery
may have- heretofore attached to it. Whatever- the rule
may be, however, is -of less, consequence in the- present
instance than the fact that by its deliberate judgment
it has accorded a preiniuM to a work of art peculiar in its
construction, and thereby, so far as the Academy has the
power to do_ so, conferring on that the character of a praise.
worthy style of art. There is not much of novelty in an artist,
who intends to convey a moral, havingrecourse to a series.
of tableau; in which he-shall work out the successive scenes
of his pictorial drama. Hogarth was, a master in his line of
delineative teaching ; hut in his painted satires the gradations
of character and incident were close and rapidly successive.
The spectator was impelled through the various steps of the
hero or heroine's progress in such a manner as to leave
nothing untold,. Such is not the case in the dual
representation before us. In; the first, we are introduced to
a scene of riotous profligacy, in which wine and wassail and
questionable women form the leading features ; in the next a
wretched bedstead, with miserable hangings, and the few
trifling accessories introduced, betoken squalor and desertion;
while a minute investigationleads to the farther knowledge that
on that deserted pallet is stretched, in .the agonies of death,
the once gay and licentious Buckingham. The contrast is
too sudden ; the mind is unable to comprehend so
total a reverse, and the incidents, and consequently
much of the teaching of the story, are lost. This, in an
ethical point of view, is a serious drawback to the pictures as a
painted moral. If their claims in this respect are to be with-
drawn, or greatly modified, their attributes as works of art
will scarcely stand them in much stead. In the first scene,
the principal figure, that of Buckingham himself, seems to be
ornamented with a head entirely inanimate and immoveable,
the eyes alone being capable of motion, while the features are
rigid and inexpressive. In the second the ghastly head is al-
most lost in the monotonous semi-tones of leaden gray by which
it is surrounded; and the intended moral of the picture is but
scurvily carried out by the faithful delineation of the velvet
breeches in which the dying man is attired, and the ostenta„
tious display of the garter, which hangs over the bed. The
treatment of both parts of the subject indicates a poverty of
artistic resources, and a barrenness of invention incompatible
with pretensions to.the highest consideration of artistic excel-
lence, and such as might with justice lead to doubt as to their
right to a place in the secondary rank of art. Faulty drawing,
and heavy, opaque colouring are conspicuous features in the
work which the Liverpool Academy, in the exercise of its wis.
dom, has thought right to honour. Whether, in doing so, it is
conducing to the progress of legitimate art, or lending its in.
fluence in an Opposite direction, may well admit of question.
N 0.128. "TheProeession of Cimabue's Madona," by F•Leigh-
ton, is a picture in many points remarkable and commendable,
while it is also in several particulars objectionable. In com-
Fnosci.tiocnimitaisbues,evereorwelyttedsimwpilteh, iyaltirhelisg,halnydairteldlicg iTisitfsavgrouoriupte.
pupil, Giotto, walks in front of his celebrated picture of thi