The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-06-26 00:00:00

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

fire; be sure that it is cold before pouring it into the vessel
containing the rest of the liquor. That done, cask it. When
the fermentation is over, bring it down. Bottle it in March,
and the following June it will be ready for use.
EGGS PICKLED.—The farmers' dames in some parts of
Hampshire have acquired much fame for pickling eggs, which,
while they constitute a somewhat novel feature in the cata-
logue of condiments generally, are at the same tune particu-
larly relishing. When eggs are plentiful, they take from four
to six dozen of such as are newly laid, and boil them hard;
then, divesting them of the shells, they place them in large-
mouthed earthen jars, and pour upon them scalded vinegar,
well seasoned with whole pepper, allspice, ginger, and a few
clove of garlic. When the pickle is cold, the jars are stopped
down quite close, and the former will be fit for use in the
course of a month afterwards. The eggs thus treated are ex-
cellent, and are held in high esteem by all the farm-house
epicures in that part of England.
PEESERVA.TION OF MILK.—The following method is recom-
mended for the preservation of milk, either at sea or in warm
climates :—Provide pint or quart bottles, which must be per-
fectly clean, sweet, and dry; draw the milk from the cow into
the bottles, and, as they are filled, immediately cork them well
up, and fasten the corks with packthread or wire ; then spread
a little straw on the bottom of a boiler, on which place the
bottles, with straw between them, until the boiler contains a
sufficient quantity. Fill it up with cold water; heat the
water, and, as soon as it begins to boil, draw the fire, and let
the whole cool gradually. When quite cold, take out the
bottles and pack them with straw or sawdust in hampers, and
stow them in the coolest part of the ship, or in a cool place.
Some years since there was a Swedish or Danish vessel at
Liverpool, having milk on board, preserved in this manner.
It had been carried twice to the West Indies, and back to
Denmark, and been above eighteen months in the bottles ;
nevertheless, it was as sweet as when first taken from the
cow.—New Monthly Mag. On this subject the editor of the
Chemist, in the May number, remarks, " We have lately
tasted, at the Royal Institution, milk preserved by M. Mabbru's
process, and which had been presented by the Abbd Moigno
to Mr. Barlow, who alluded to it in his lecture on preserved
meats and vegetables. This milk was one year old, and was
as sweet as when first drawn. A considerable quantity of
cream had collected in the neck of the bottles."

SCIENCE AND ART.

LIVERPOOL WELL-WATER SUPPLY.

Ax a recent meeting of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
held in London, a discussion of considerable interest took
place on a paper which was read by Mr. F. Braithwaite, " On
the Infiltration of Salt Water to the Springs of Wells under
London and Liverpool." In the paper it was contended that
there was abundant evidence of the existence of undue quan-
tities of the salts of soda in the water under London and
Liverpool; that the quantity varied in the ratio of the proxi-
mity to the rivers, and the depression of the water-level, in
the wells, below the tidal level in the Mersey and the Thames;
and that the'amount of chloride of sodium found in the water
from twenty-one wells at Liverpool varied between 2.66 grains
and 5.66 grains per imperial gallon, and in water from London
wells, the same salts had been found to the extent of 70 grains
per gallon. The quantities had been determined by careful
analysis made at various times by Messrs. Brande, Graham,
Way, Mitchell, Miller, Phillips, Thompson, Playfair, Muspratt,
Gage, and other chemists of undoubted skill.
The presence of bhis saline matter, could, it was contended,
only be attributed to one cause, and was inseparably connected
with the alleged depression of the water-level in the wells
under London and Liverpool, and the same would be found
elsewhere, wherever the wells were situated within the range
of tidal influence.

With respect to the quality of water obtained from the
wells sunk in the red sandstone at Liverpool, Mr. Stephenson's
report expressly stated, that the wells which contained large
quantities of salt were " mainly confined to a band running
parallel with the eastern margin of the river and with a line
from the Custom-house, along Paradise-street, Whitechapel,
Byrom-street, to Scotland-road. This at once recalled to
recollection the suggestion made by Mr. Gage, in his evidence,
that the extreme saltness of some of the wells, which had then
been alluded to, was attributable to their being situated upon,
or contiguous to an ancient tidal creek, which has been filled
up and built over, and this opinion is in perfect accordance
with that induced by a study of the analyses in conjunction
with the map. For example, the wells at Croft's Soap Works,
Bent's Brewery, Howard's Brewery, and Fawcett and Preston's
Works, are all comprehended in an area running parallel
with the line of creek ; while the wells at Hindley's, Platt
and Son's, Jack's, and the Mersey Iron and Steel Company, are
upon the margin of the river. These cases, so far as they go,
may be considered confirmatory of the view of Mr. Gage, and
there can be little doubt that if a still more elaborate series
were instituted, additional confirmation would be obtained.
The large quantity of the chloride of sodium in the water of
the Bevington-bush well would, at first sight, appear to be an
exception to the above ; but this is not the case, as its situation
is nearly in the line that may be taken to represent the con-
tinuation of the creek." _ _

The analyses given in Mr. Stephenson's report shewed, that
the water from wells impregnated with salt contained no car-
bonate of soda, and was quite different in quality to the Tra-
falgar-square water. At Liverpool, since 1850, a small bore
hole had been sunk in the Green-lane well, and this well had
since yielded 2,600,000 gallons daily, while in 1850 the same
well only yielded 1,249,000 gallons daily. An analysis made
in 1855, of the water yielded by this well, showed, that it
only contained, altogether, about 14 grains' of solid contents
per gallon, a large portion of which was carbonate of lime ; in
fact, the solid contents hardly differed in quantity, or
quality, from the analysis made in 1850, and given in Mr.
Stephenson's report. Altogether 6,000,000 gallons per day
had been for many years past pumped up, from wells sunk in
the red sandstone, for the public supply of Liverpool, and the
water from tbese wells now contained no more salt than the
water pumped up for eight years past.
The water from the Liverpool wells, that were impregnated
with salt, were deep private wells, mainly situated, as explained
in Mr. Stephenson's report, upon, or contiguous to, an ancient
tidal creek which had been filled up and built over. No just
comparison could, therefore, be made between the composi-
tion of the water obtained from the wells sunk in the red
sand-stone, and that which was obtained froom the deep wells
sunk under London into the chalk, as the circumstances, like
the strata, were altogether different.
But the statement that the soda salts were decreasing, was
decidedly erroneous, as all the analyses made by eminent
chemists, in London and Liverpool, showed the contrary to be
the case.

HEAT WITHOUT FUEL.—A letter from Paris contains the
following important statement :—" The problem of acquiring
heat without fuel appears to have been solved by the invention
of the machine of MM. Beaumont and Mayer, with which, by
means of friction alone, they can make water boil. The ma-
chine, which may be seen at work at their establishment on
the Quai Valmy, contains 400 litres of water, which is made to
buil in two hours. A cone of wood which turns in a cylinder,
so as to produce the necessary friction, is covered with tow,
mid that tow, in order that it may not catch fire, is kept con-
,tantly moistened by a stream of oil which runs on it. The
;eat gradually increases, until at last steam is generated." [A
litre is equivalent to 1 pint 31-24 gills imperial measure ]
SUBSTITUTE FOB RAGS IN PAPER-MAKING.---We have
ained from all mention of this process, for which a patent
granted to Messrs. Charles Watt and Hugh Burgess in
A l: ust, 18p, until the experiments made with the view of test-
ing its merits, and bringing it to absolute perfection, had arrived
at such a point as would enable us to say that the process had
succeeded completely. These experiments have been performed
a very extensive scale in the United States, and in this
country, and the result is that pulp for paper can be produced,
of first-rate quality, at a cost which will cause it to become a
most economical substitute for rags. The paper difficulty

may now be regarded as at an end,
is constant, and so large,
deficiency in the supply of the mate'
The process consists in first boiling
lye, in order to remove the resinous
to remove the alkali ; the wood i 4
thed
gas, or an oxygenous compound
ratus, and washed to free it from
it is now treated with a small clua,n;t'
converts it instantly into pulP,
and bleached, when it will merely ra
hour or an hour and a half in the '
and made into paper. This process
in fact, a piece of wood may be co;
printed upon within 24 hours. in a„s
as to rel
at which we are writing, this Prc)c—..c-
, facto.,
operation at the temporary mann 0
great number of persons interested /1,
for paper. After this step, stars wi
the process on a large scale, by the
The Chemist.

ESSENCE of
DR. JOIINSON IMPROVED.—The
" Old Scratch."
A CON FOR TDB AGRICULTI:IO"
cow make good meat P—When it's ci
A COBDEN PROVERB.—A
lighten the people, so as to burn in'
A LARGE BUMP OF CAUTION.'"
here, Aunt, the breeze is so deligl
" Yes—lt's very nice, I dare say ;
to the cliff, for I am always afraid 0'
railings !"
A NICE MAN FOR A SMALL TS'
tion for the last few years of the dui,_
and down, and going through all sortm
grocers, in their facetious cups, nick
" Glad:tone's Thi Dansante.'
Charles (who is rather addicting
of Goodwood Races). " We've e,„
our Club !" Constance. iOA Stq'tis,
never thought much of your Club frie
you associated with people of that 0
TO-MORROW MORNING'S
By a Sharp-sighted C'
The name of the architect who bi
in the air is " To-morrow," and 001

The Pride that holds it; head too •
thing; whereas Modesty, like a diver'
ing its head low.
Blows and cuts are felt more keen-l 1
same way that wounds hurt a great
is over.
A Man pauses, hesitates, and recl, 2'oo
woman, whereas a woman will read
sight.

SPIRIT OF " Di°
R. 0231-ATTIC PANES.—Those beleAih? woue,,, iii)
..
lAN MAN
consequence
—...........
,ilif to
RuerrnoceAocfcotuheyrre—mAovraev)..ahhea 'll
* lot t- ye"
" England expects that every house `.,iciiiter. ,A
A LOFTY IDEA.—It follows, as a.rto ttp, eircilla'
masses must be elevated by a visit' ds tirie 1
when. we consider the eminence it etal' odtirof ;oil,'
A CLASSICAL EXTRAVAGANZA.--' 're" idif r
that his wife had made him the happYr A otAgi"
mechanically exclaimed "Oh GerainiY '4110,41A,0 is!
A DISTRESSED friend of ours, who 09",,t ."1,i1)10ir
in by his landlord, suggests that the friotrAs t
meat of rent be henceforth called Slo Pea, OO
nIT may appear somewhat paradoxical noial 0,:',/
i corporated town, however denselY er
I,,,becOweviA
in it. opil f, i
Mn. WM. ARTHUR CHA WICIC Iliqat P‘ogej 4
I,
entitled National DDebt, no 01'; t*-idolt
see Mr. Chadwick—if he's a married elle IY„ifr
borrow any amount upon the h ,pothes,Pf d6ce 4' i
DOING IT BROWN.—A new s) I, ch '' ~ 3
3 ,steul ° e 011'07
been eventuated by Mr. Brown, in w patle"mt 4
introduction of cents. Perhaps this g;, by Pd.,
duced further to " astonish the 13rowilsmticll " $
into some of our systems where it is s - i!'
*IP
.----s,rp
THE LIVERPOOL Sl'
v 0
• AND SUPPL-1;
u;
31d. Unstalie
„ 0
41d. Stop-Pea' titio' i
In this age of cheapness, when C011313e,
'ce,
excellence than for lowness of Pl 3 will 1)e
STANDARD, AND SUPPLEOI4I'- e-^eSt '
its reduced charge, one of the
ell 'l'
of the day.

#(0,
14Ate'"
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LIVERPOOL rninsc,,pß
Printed and Published every_ TaesdaY
ROBERT PEARSON THACKER,,°',O Or' ot
STANDARD GENERAL PR1N11,5,10,10
GEORGE'S CEMENT, Liverpool Die