The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-10-16 00:00:00

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

144

each family at 301. a year, which is certainly not half
their amount under the present system. There are 40
of us, all anxious to be tidy and economical, and here
was a sum of 12001. a year on which we could rely
with certainty. We formed a sort of joint-stock com-
pany, managed by a committee of ourselves. We pur-
chased an old barn, and fitted it up with long troughs
for the washing, immense cauldrons, fed from a tank
of soft water, and a large drying closet, with every
apparatus of pipe and cistern that could be required.
We also turned a portion of the building into a room
for the finishing off of finer portions of apparel, with
ironing boards, needles, threads, and buttons to sup-
ply the- place of the lost and broken ; and the expense
of all this preliminary stock was about £3OO. In
the old arrangement labour is almost the entire ex-
pense. In a washing, for instance, of a moderately-sized
family, amountinc, to what is technically called twenty-
four dozen (articles, be it understood, not people), the
item consists of 15s. for work, and only 3s. 2d. for
material— namelytls. 2d. for soap, 3d. for soda, ls.
for starch, and Id. for blue. Now here comes the
overwhelming advantages of the economy of labour.
Our staff consists of 15 damsels, strapping and tall,
at 12s. a week ; a man and horse and cart, for general
purposes, we take at 1/. 12s. • materials of all sorts,
such as soap, starch, and soda, we put down at 5/. a
week ; the coals at 4/. ; and the interest on subscribed
capital at 12s. This makes a grand total of 201. 4s.
a week, or about 10501. a year. In addition to this
we must calculate the salary of a clerk of the washing.
book, whom we think of appointing to keep the ac-
counts and collect the weekly payments ; and this,
being liberal, we fix at 75/. But with all this, there
is a very satisfactory margin on the original estimate.
We shall consider the surplus a fund for repairs and
sundries—for machinery will get out of order, troughs
will leak, tubes are not perennial, and coals and other
materials may rise in price. . . . If, instead of 40
families, we had 80, the proportionate expenditure to
each would be still further diminished. But the great
principle of the plan is as much proved by 20 as by
100. It is in anybody's power to diminish his wash
ing bill by a half, and that without injury to the pre-
sent race of gin-loving blanchisseuses, for their work
is certain and not precarious ; the linen will be more
carefully treated, the water mixed with no deleterious
ingredients to give an easy whiteness to the collar
and front, at the expense of early rottenness and decay ;
and, in fact, as I said before, I have no doubt the Rus-
sian war could be carried on on the savings effected
on suds and soda.---Dickens's Household Words.

animal has the line of pressure caused by the draught
or tractions passing straight along the back-bone,
pressing its joints more closely together. After look-
ing minutely ipto the workinc, of this system, and ob-
serving the ease with which the cattle drew their loads,
chewing their cud as they walked along, I became con-
vinced that it was the proper mode of yoking oxeli.

FARMING IN CHESHIRE.—After More than seven
weeks of as fine harvest weather as can well be re-
membered, the corn and second crops of clover, with
but few exceptions, have been secured in the best pos-
sible'icondition, and the gloomy anticipations of sprouted
corn, arising from the fact of the crops generally hav-
ing been laid to an almost unprecedented extent, have
long been dispersed. The wheat crop, however, as was
predicted early in July, will prove deficient in yield,
as will barley also, but the fulness of the crops may in
some measure make up for it, although we can hardly
expect an average yield per acre, which after all is the
true test of the crops. Oats appear to have been the
best crop of the three, and we hear of beans being very
productive where they are drilled and the inter-
vals kept clean by scarifying, hoeing, &c. The
rain within the last few days has greatly improved the
appearance of mangold wurzel and turnips, and also
the pastures, and there is now every prospect of the
two former being tolerably fair crops. Winter pota-
toes, which are now being raised, appear to have less
disease than for many years past, and the crop
generally is more abundant than it has been of late
years, and the quality too is excellent ; perhaps the
foregoing remarks will apply 'more strictly to the
driest and best potato soils, as occasionally we do
hear serious complaints of the disease in some localities.
The teams are now busily engaged in preparing the
oat lea or other ground for wheat, and on the strong
clay land wheat sowing is about commencing. Store
pigs are very scarce and dear, owing, it is supposed, to
the severity of the late spring, which destroyed many
of the young litters. The " pleuro-pneumonia" is not
so prevalent as last year, but we are grieved to say it
still lingers in some localities to an almost ruinous ex-
tent to the dairy farmers.—W.P. in Agricultural
Gazette,

• 0.• n,.....................-- other
weeks at first. Examine plums, or allY the!
protected by covering occasionally, to see that
not spoiling. Where it is intended tom ake ad9)sl,
plantation of fruit trees this season, the groiu, i
be prepared at the earliest convenience, ana arc
soil to be used for planting should be thorout4
posed to the action of the weather so as to hacel,
mellow state when wanted for use. If not alrea'l
clean and dress strawberry plantations, cleal:110
all useless runners, giving a good dressing' 01,
where necessary, but be careful to select that,t
thoroughly decayed, and which can be cocerevolot
the necessity of digging deep or injuring' the rof
KITCHEN GARDEN,-The principal crop ,
should now be kept rather closely earthed ulii:
quick lime and soot freely to destroy slugs, o°_,,;li
are troublesome, go over the lines every rr'etir
several successive days, and apply qtak 11//1
up the pests.---Gardeners' Chronicle.
_____---- ----

FASHIONS.

•
NOVELTIES are gradually multip
weather advances. Bonnets of silk and. ;' to al);
hues, and also of velvet, are hegillrctgretN,
Though straw is by no means abandone O.'
of that material are suited to the Pret tea
the substitution of trimmings better u"toP ell
autumn than the lighter kinds kithedroor dee
Indeed; no bonnets for ordinary Oat. A hypo
more fashionable than those of
or of straw of different colours ine'terwiliceloase°;
We perceive that the bonnets now in itllt l;
de ssi 7'
partition for the winter season are lug orii
a trifle deeper than those recently
crowns continue to be small. T
newest bonnets is very deep, and is ingtolii,itu ,osll
the middle, the depth being great be'le oft
at the sides. Very full trimmings ,xlll be
ort 'I.
during the winter, and a trimming boOpe.o4i,'
brim will be very generally adopteet ed
shape just described has been reeelrit e fio
tIA"
on
the purpose of serving as a model' iriall3l`
drab-colour gros-de-naples and 's 011 ,os
outside with black lace. inarro ,"° t,Pacescoos,,
feather, of the same colour as the b°`—crie 0111..t,e,c5
the edge of the brim. The under fill cell', 10
of blonde, intermingled with flowel'itiiesall'
velvet, and bows and ends of velvet oe"
hue.
Cloaks will this year be as gener'l643ls-celsl
and they are formed of the same 111",50eT
which obtained favour last winter"- jast:l
silk, cloth, plush, &c.
Several opera cloaks of great &Of:4o4o'n
peared. One is of lemon-colour easre
with two bands of white plush, eae'l fr3:r.
wide, and between these are three or fail-, Att
narrow black velvet. This cloak 115:01,/,1.1
mented with the same trimming• tt";
wrap, with very wide sleeves, resenbleiof 0o1(
rather than a cloak. It is coraposebrotV
rich brown hue, and is splendidly ell'"
„1 111'
gold braid, in an elaborate pattern, °I,10.1:„‘,
border of the depth of three or four ",(10"
edge of the cloak, the sleeves and the tw'r,,
A fashionable London dressmaker h'*"
several large orders from the count 0
commisions already executed, may ',jilts I
dress intended for the demi-toilette, Mil;
silk. The skirt is trimmed with 11°,„
ruches of pinked silk: These ruerse
three and three together, a space
intervening between each group, ai'l'oe
reaching to just above the knees. , ipel•rt
ornamented with ruches. A dress
has five flounces, edged with rows °.(l
The corsage is trimmed with velvet, an,,e 15,
of the same. An evening dress of ,The pr
04
with four flounces, a disposition. floll' „,ce:
hue in the barege is pink. The 11,io
mented with narrow stripes in white sis,.iticiog
sage is in the Louis- Quinze style, The
travers and bows of pink ribbon. fhe
formed
Newspaper.
ofone puff and a double rill.

LIVERPOOL : by tl!esVee4:'
Printed and Published every Tuesday Nlol3°,,*Fercr I°l°'
ROBERT PEARSON THACKER, of 10.400,,, (164
STANDARD GENERAL PRINTINGA oci'
GEORGE'S CRESCENT, Liverpool —Tues'"Bl'