The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-12-04 00:00:00

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of his honour, are to be taken from him, broken,
and defaced, and the reputation of a knight,
which he had thereby, be henceforth no more
his. The culprit looks around him and sees the
old hall of Westminster crowded with people to
witness this unusual spectacle. In his chair of
state sits the Earl Marshal ; at his feet are the
Kings of Arms in their tabards and crowns ;
various heralds and pursuivants, also in their
tabards, are near them ; and 'close by are their
.men; and the spectators fill tie the picture.
One of the Earl Marshal's men seizes Sir Francis
Michell by the foot, and hacks from his heels the
gilt spurs of knigthood ; and another, standing
on the scaffold, cuts his belt and lets his sword
fall clashing to the ground. Then the first takes
up the spurs, and casts them into the hall far
away from him, one on the one side and the other
on the other ; and then he draws his sword from
the scabbard and breaks it over his head, and he
throws one piece the one way and another
another ; then says the Earl Marshal with a
sneer, " How now, Francis, thou art no longer a
knight, but a knave ;" and the rest of his sen-
tence is read by the Somerset herald : " That the
said Michell be henceforth reputed, taken, and
styled, an infamous, arrant knave. God save the
king !" And the crowd disperses, the knave
slinks away, and the heralds go again to their
lodgings in Bennet's-hill.

Such a lesson, if justly applied, could not but
be a moral one. If the office of the herald were
now kept with equal force and solemnity, we
should not experience any modern tatooing by
Messrs. Smalt and Co. It will repay any one to
spend a morning in that library, turning over the
old records and marking the curiously beautiful
and careful emblazonment of the family arms and
the ramifications of the pedigrees wherein mar-
riages branch from one family into another, and
splendid genealogy is cut suddenly short by
death ! Truly, seeing these, one may say with
Sir Thomas Browne, meditating upon this pride
and vain-glory, " man is a noble animal, splendid
in ashes, and pompous in the grave, solemnising
nativities and deaths with equal lustre, nor omit-
ting ceremonies of bravery in the infamy of his
nature."

It is to this library, and to other records in
Dublin, Edinburgh, or abroad, that the searchers
for arms should apply ; but when we consider
that the advertised charge, " three-and-sixpence,"
is much less than the herald's fees for a search,
we may pretty surely predicate that no applica-
.tion is made here. It may also be as well if we
mention, that bearing a name by no means
entitles any one to bear the arms attached to that
name. For instance, let us take that of " Stan-
ley ;" before assuming the arms belonging to
that name, one must first prove, by wills and
other documents, his descent from a scion of the
family, and then, and not till then, legally bear
the arms in question. But beside this method,
there is another, by which a person of gentle ex-
traction, and not " lost in trade," can have arms
assigned to him. The fees in this instance
amount to nearly eighty pounds, and the arms
then descend like an entailed estate to the male
descendants of the person to whom the arms are
granted ; the females also impale these arms if
married. Amongst these persons, aldermen
lately made and city knights are frequent appli-
cants.

In the library are also some curious relics :
the celebrated Warwick roll, a series of figures of
all the Earls of Warwick, from the Conquest to
the reign of Richard the Third ; and a tourna-
ment roll of Henry the Eighth, in which that
monarch is depicted in• great state and circum-
stance. By the side of one of the two fireplaces,

also hang a sword and dagger, which are said to
have belonged to James the Fifth of Scotland,
who fell at Flodden Field. For the building
itself, it is a plain common-place quadrangle,
which does not do much credit to any one con-
' cerned in it, and least of all to the architect.
When chivalry was the mode the heralds flou-
rished, and their fees were then considerable.
At the siege of Caen by Henry IV., they were
settled as follows :—At the coronation of a king
of England, £lOO, with their robes of scarlet ;
at a queen's, 100 marks, with their liveries ; at
displaying a royal banner at the camp or field,
100 marks to the attending officers ; at the
knighting a prince, 40 marks ; for displaying a
duke's banner, £2O ; a marquis's, 20 marks ;
an earl's, £lO ; a baron's, £5. At the mar-
riage of the king, £5O, with the uppermost robe
of the royal groom and bride (these were generally
compounded for) ; at a duke's marriage, the
robes and a largesse. At the birth of the king's
eldest son, 100 marks ; at those of the other
children, £2O. At the creation of a prince,
duke, marquis, or earl, Garter claimed his upper-
most robe, which was redeemed. At the great
festivals of the Church they had also fees : OD
Christmas-day the king's largesse was £5 ; New
ear's-day, £6. The queen's, 6 marks ; the
prince, £3; the other sons of the king, £2 13s. 4cl.
On Twelfth-day, at Easter, St. George's-day, and
All-hallows-day, the king's largesse was £5.
These and others—not to be enumerated here,
but to be found in Noble's History—make up a
very respectable income, and at that time were
very considerable indeed, and explain the paucity
of the yearly salaries of the heralds, viz.—Gar-
ter, £4O ; Clarencieux and Norroy, and other
provincial kings, £2O ; every herald, 20 marks ;
and each pursuivant, £lO. Garter was also of
use as an ambassador. Louis XI. gave him 300
crowns to endeavour to bring about a peace
between France and England, and promised him
£l,OOO more if he succeeded. Besides these
perquisites they had a wardrobe allowance
amounting to £7l 1 ls. 7d. In processions
these herald kings were placed near the sovereign,
carrying their own sceptres, and wearing their
crowns, and clothed in their sleeveless coats
of tabards, wearing round their necks gold chains
of S S, the heralds having silver chains of the
same.—Home Companion.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF ENGLISH
PROVERBS.

"Prosperity gains friends, Adversity tries them."

CHISTMAS-TIDE is nigh at hand, than which there
is no period of the year when the glorious prerogative
of man, namely, the privilege of holding communion
with his fellow, is so much talked about and brought
into exercise. Yes ; and in the interchange of kindly
words and offices, do we not derive some of earth's
best delights ? True friendship, indeed, is even as a
golden chain let down from heaven, and serving to
unite mankind in bonds of unity and love, uninter-
rupted and unbroken. Hence, it does not consist in
a single or an occasional act of good feeling and ser-
vice ; it is not an accident, but the habit of the truly
faithful. We are linked together by a thousand ties,
all of which call for mutual aid and sympathy. When
one wave of the sea dies away in surf upon the beach,
do the waters cease flowing ? When one constella-
tion sinks behind the horizon, are the heavens then
starless ? Other waves, other stars, succeed. In like
manner, act of love must succeed act of love, just as a
current of electric fluid passing over a perfect con-
ductor, duly insulated from this sordid grovelling
world, true friendship is to be continued through time
and eternity.
No wonder that this principle of social happiness
has ever been held in high esteem. By wise men of
ancient days it was personified as a goddess, seated in
a chair of state, with a golden tiara, set with precious
stones, encircling her head ; the vesture, like the

light of heaven, seemed
lence ; the material of hei
unspotted by passions or
her diadem would, doubt]
and exalted privileges wh
Again, we have her depict
ter of the " Graces." Thi
of clothing," intimating
without dissembling or hy:
us that the recollection of
old ; " laughing," that
prompt and cheerful ; " lii
implying that one kindne,
that the bond of love may
Passing strange, that st
principle should be blasted
Alas, that this most excel:
too many instances, subs+
party purposes ! Alas, th,
good report, should flour:
of worldly prosperity shit
firmament, or retires behinc
sity. Even so ; bitter, bitt
mony to what we say. Tru
long as we walk in the
similes of ourselves, accom
shade, we are alone and des(
" In times of prosperity,
In times of adversity,
While it is summer there w
at the approach of winter
genial clime. Not one is 1(
There lived not fifty mile,
district, two brothers, born
but not inheritors of the
They were blessed with
and nephews, who so truly
following distinction. " The'
(of course in expectation of
bank or the market. "T 1
follows the sheep, or abit
younger brother.
llt
What can furnish a better conclusion t°, o
kspe
than the following dialogue, taken front
" As Yon Like It :"
Lord.—A poor sequestered stag 104
That from the hunter's aim had ta'en a,44 4,
Did come to languish ; and, indeed, my 'ittos:oo
The wretched animal heaved forth sucb
That their discharge did stretch his leatliors
joie
Coursed to bursting; and the big round joie
Coursed one another down his innocent
In piteous chase. *
Duke.—But, what said Jacques?
Did he not moralise this spectacle ?
Lord.-0 yes ! into a thousand similes :
'
First for his weeping in the needless s-
tre°
Then, being alone,
Left and abandoned of his velvet frienclil'oth ertj
"'Tis right !" quoth he, "thus misery bets'
The flux of company !" Anon, a careless
Full of the pasture, jumps along by hi_in„itf`'
And never stays to greet him. "Aye," qv'
"Sweep on, you fat and greasy citizen; loot`
'Tis just the fashion : wherefore do You,ere r
Upon that poor and broken bankrupt Oa

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dat the i,s), 1,,4,ge
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hat trase, „,''! he la
ut diektti ''lt:lltri vc-,
eived a le, i 1'141'4. ell
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'lli4
gag the body, a silver pin, about nine inches
V %found sticking in the heart, through the
ei. eq°'„the body. A medical gentleman, who had
tile deceased, declared that the pin was
.tiNs.ac the request of the gentleman, to prevent
j eolbility of her being buried alive. The jury,
44siderable consultation, brought in a verdict
if Ikb, IPr the visitation of God.' The corpse still
's,li`atied in the vault."—Notes and Queries.
441s-4CII OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.t—A. match
was being played, in which Drake and other
'4l:cers of th fleet were engaged, when a small
41)11,essel was seen running before the wind into
'L haste,
harbour, with all sails set. Her commander
'Lll,,haste, and eagerly sought the place where
sh lord-admiral and his captains were stand-
, kclp is name was Fleming; he was the master of a
;0111.1vateer • and he told the English officers
ia that Morning seen the Spanish armada off
VNTa coast. At this exciting information the
ik,el47g.an to hurry down to the water, and there
ed acing for the ships' boats, but Drake coolly
tittki
l‘ bp comrades, and insisted that the match
4k- 'JouPlayed out. He said there was plenty of
best " to win the game and beat the Spaniards.
ttle, and bravest match that ever was scored was
L accordingly. Drake and his friends aimed
45t bowls with the same steady calculating cool-
which they were about to point their guns.
Vilaing cast was made : and then they went on
and prepared for action with their hearts as
d their nerves as firm as they had been on the
lai,c4vling-green. Meanwhile the messengers and
had been dispatched fast and far through
Id,
to warn each town and village that 'the
AnJ, had come at last. In every seaport there was
,qc inakin ready by land and by sea; in every
azinudd ever
city there was instant mustering of
man. But England's best defence then, as
'has in her fleet ; and after warping laboriously
'lYinottth harbour against the wind, the ford-
tood westward under easy sail, keeping an
ok-out for the Armada, the approach of
i1,4't,q,',44 soon announced by Cornish fisher-boats, and
//t, ''om the Cornish cliffs.—Tke _Fifteen Decisive
D
o,r the World.
Arß p T LIFE'S INFLUENCE.—A woman has hen hus-
pottcaune in her power, because she may or she
tidtit conform to his circumstances. This is her
N,l3'', and it ought to be her pride. No passion
'Ol4. te
tYor display ought to tempt her for a moment
$' 4, in the least degree from this line of conduct.
i)li:tr find her respectability in it. Any other
4 Wretchedness itself, and inevitably leads to
,kilotliing can be more miserable than the
to keep up appearances. If it could succeed,
)1411' cost more than it is worth ; as it never can,
‘te,:e, involves the deepest mortification. Some
L"limest exhibitions of human virtue have been
ae Women who have been precipitated suddenly
lth and splendour to absolute want. Then a
()ttunes are in a manner in the hands of his
smt.p astnuch as his own power of exertion depends
moral strength is inconceivably increased
s
Otp,h7opathy, her counsel, her aid. She can aid
0 sensely by relieving him of every care which
t,)''Npable of taking upon herself. His own ern-
d is are usually such as to require his whole
tt,:t:h(t his whole mind. A good wife will never
\t' "er husband's attention to be distracted by
Htik% which her own time and talents are
nlf she be prompted by true affection and
itc Wil If
she will perceive, when his spirits are
pNi and everwhelmed, she, of all human beings,
.Itinister to its needs. For the sick soul, her
!tc• lie Is quite as sovereign as it is for corporeal ills.
Ntli Weary, in her assiduity it finds repose and
e4t. If it be harassed and worn to a morbid
1 tY, her gentle tones steal over it with a
i,;v(!t.? more potent than the most exquisite music.
;1i theeuterprise be dead, her patience and fortitude
'l4 k Power to rekindle them in the heart, and he
tro°s forth to renew the encounter with the toils
L;4NiV tiles of life.
~luC'
and the world, and whatever we call
414 we are, and feel, is an astonishing thing.
tt'p,tlll. of familiarity obscures from us the wonder
loitc)f e.11(4. We are struck with astonishment at
transient modifications, but it is itself the
k r.ele- What are the changes of empires, the
"ynasties, with the opinions that supported

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them ?—what is the birth and extinction of religions,
and of political systems, to life P What are the revo-
lutions of the globe which we inhabit, and the opera-
tions of the elements of which it is composed, com-
pared with life P What is the universe of stars and
suns, and their motions, and the destiny of those that
inhabit them, compared with life P Life, the great
miracle, we admire not because it is so miraculous.
If any artist, we do not say had executed, but had
merely conceived in his mind, the system of the sun,
the stars, and planets, they not existing, and had
painted to us in words or upon canvas the spectacle
now afforded by the sight of the cope of heaven, and
illustrated it by astronomy, what would have been our
admiration I—or had imagined the scenery of the
earth, the mountains, and the seas, and the rivers, and
the grass, and the flowers, and the varieties of the
forms and the masses of the leaves of the woods, and
the colours which attend the rising and the setting
sun, and the hues of the atmosphere, turbid or serene,
truly we should have been wonderstruck, and should
have said, what it would have been a vain boast to
have said—" Truly, this creator deserves the name of
a God." But now, these things are looked upon with
little wonder ; and he who views them with delight is
considered an enthusiast or an extraordinary person.
The multitude care little for them. It is thus with
life, that includes all. What is life P Thoughts and
feelings arise with or without our will, and we employ
words to express them. We are born, and our birth
is unremembered, and u
fragments. We live, andor i i
nneywe'lose
n rememberedthe but in
living
appre-
hension of life.

REMINISCENCES OF THE OXFORD erne-um—The
late Mr. Bellamy, who went the Oxford and other cir-
cuits for sixty-two years, states that in every county
on this circuit there was an assize-ball on the com-
mission-day of each assize. This ball was attended
by the nobility and gentry of the county, and the
judges and bar. The judges used to wear at the balls
the black silk gown, band, and the two-curl bob-wig.
They were attended by the high sheriff, wearing a
full court dress, bag-wig, and sword, and his chap-
lain in his gown, cassock, and band. The judges did
not dance, but they usually played at whist. In the
recollection of Mr. Bellamy, in every assize town on
the Oxford Circuit the two courts were held in the
same room, without any division or partition, and so
that one judge could see the other. This continued
at Gloucester till the year 1816, and the alteration
was occasioned by this circumstance :—Baron (then
Judge) Bayley was trying a man for murder, and his
jury burst into a laugh at one of Mr. Dancey's
jokes in a horse case in the other court. The
learned judge thought that it was time this was
altered. Formerly the judges on their circuits had
an immense number of presents—venison, fruit, wine,
(U.—which half kept their house during the assizes ;
but in the year 1794, when so much was subscribed
for the defence of the nation against the threatened
invasion, the value of the different presents was sub-
scribed, and the presents discontinued, and never re-
newed. About thirty years ago a story was current
in Worcester, that the mayor always sent the judges a
present of a loaf of sugar, and that the judges in re-
turn invited the mayor to dine with them ; but that
the mayor being once uninvited, the sugar was dis-
continued ever after. Till the passing of the Munici-
pal Reform Act, the corporation of Gloucester always
sent each judge in spring a salmon and a house lamb,
and in summer a salmon and a whole sheep; and at
present the corporation of. Oxford gives to each judge
a pair of white lid gloves, edged with gold lace, and
ornamented with gold tassels.
A PEEP INTO A THEATRE IN OLD ROME.—See—
there are the blushing simpering young Roman vir-
gins, all in fine white linen with silver hems, and their
tresses powdered with gold dust. There is pretty
little Livia Ottilia, the great heiress, whose cruel papa
wanted her to give up her large fortune towards the
expenses of the Punic war, and become a vestal virgin ;
but she knew better, and ran off to Brundusium with
young Sextus Quintilius. There is demure little
Miss Octavia Prima—she looks as though spikenard
would not melt in her mouth. Who would think,
now, that she sticks gold pins into the shoulders of
her slaves, and beats her lady's maids with crumpling-
irons P There are the young Roman beaux, terrible
fellows for fast chariot driving, wild beast fighting,
gladiator backing: yonder is young Flavius, the pre-
sident of the Whip club : his motto is " Quosque tan-

197

dem :" there, ambergrised, powdered, perfumed, is that
veteran toad-eater and tuft-hunter, but pretty poet,
Q. Horatius Flaccus ; he will write a charming copy
of Sapphics on the occasion, dedicated to his influen-
tial patron the Marquis Maecenas, who will probably
ask him to dinner and give him roast pig stuffed
with honey, garum, and slave-fed carp. There
is Ovidius Naso, who was a [fine man once, but now
goes among the gay youths by the name of Nosey.
He has led a very dissipated life, and will be compelled
to fly from his creditors by-and-by, to some remote
corner of Asia. Minor, attributing, of course, his forced
absence to political reasons. There, also among the
audience, you may see P. Virgilius Maro, in top boots
and a bottle-green toga. He, too, is a poet, but is a
great authority on matters bucolic, breeds cattle, is a
magistrate of his county, and president of the Cam-
panian Agricultural Association. There is Curing
Dentatus, that conceited fop, who is always showing
his white teeth ; and Aulus Gellius, who is a very
Othello to his wife ; and Pompeius Crassus, who is
considered to be very like his friend Caesar ; and Mark
Antony, who has iucurred something like: odium for
his conduct to Mrs. Mark, and his shameful carryings
on with a mulatto lady in Egypt ; and there is Cato,
the censor, who disapproves of theatricals, public and
private in the abstract, turning up his nose in a corner
and pretending to read the last number of Sibylline
Leaves.---Household Words.

PEVENSEY CASTLE, but a very short ride from East-
bourne, Sussex, is one of the most extensive examples
of a Roman fortified town remaining in this country.
Its identity with the Roman British town Anderida,
appears now to be generally admitted : and there can
be no doubt that the outer walls, lofty and thick, with
huge solid and round-ended bastions or bulwarks, the
whole faced with square stones and having continuous
layers of Roman tiles at intervals, are of the Roman
period. Some writers have thought otherwise, and
attributed the earliest part to the Norman period ;
but this must.have been done without due examination.
It is known that there was a castle here before William
the Conqueror arrived, and that he earrisoned it. The
Notitia, a list of the civil and military appointments
of the Roman empire, compiled, it is supposed, in the
reign of Theodosius the Younger (A.D. 450), or earlier,
perhaps, mentions, as amongst those under the govern-
ment of the count of the Saxon shore, the commander
of a detachment of the Abulci, at Pevensey. More-
over a comparison with the remains at. Richborough,
Lymne, and elsewhere, sets the question at rest.
Within the area enclosed by the outer walls, a large
one, a mediaeval castle was erected, with its gateway,
bastions, moat, keep, chapel, and well, commenced
probably by the conqueror's half-brother, Robert, Earl
of Mortain. For many years these walls supplied the
neighbourhood with stone, but it may be hoped that
no further destruction will be permitted. It is a beauti-
ful ruin full of valuable teaching.

The wild pear whispers, and the ivy crawls,
Along the circuit of thine ancient walls,
Lone city of the dead ! and near this mound,
The buried coins of mighty men are found,
Silent remains of Ciasars and of kings,
Soldiers of whose renown the world yet rings,
In its sad story ! These have had their day
Of glory, and have passed, like sounds, away !".
These stones are suggestive : they afford an insight
into Roman character, and give us a more personal
interest in the early history of their country. We have
but incomplete accounts of the condition and progress
of Britain during the 400 years of Roman domination;
but we find enough in the monuments of that period
which still remain, their military stations, roads, villas,
and walls of defence, the pavements, coins, inscriptions,
implements, and works of art which have been dug up
in all parts of the country, to prove the energy with
which, when they had completed the subjugation of
the original inhabitants (no easy task), they sought to
introduce the arts of peace.
A SUNSET AT SEA.—The wind had lulled com-
pletely, and it was quite evening as we entered on
what is certainly the gem of oceans. I could not have
conceived anything more beautiful than this miniature
sea, lying with its clear waters, still and limpid as
those of an inland lake, and the green hills closing
round it in so perfect a circle. Comparatively small
as is this fairy ocean, we seemed to have made but little
way over its pure quiet breast, before night, fell alto-.
gether ; but I was very glad that my last night at sea
in the East should have been in so beautiful a scene,
in order to leave me a favourable impression of what I