The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1864-08-09 00:00:00

DORSET COUNTY EXPRESS

D9RCHESTER, TUESDAY, AUGUST 9, 19647
NOTEd OF THE WEEK.

An important decision respecting railway re-
turn tickets was given in the Batttp County
Court a few dap since. A manufacturer, named
Ashworth, took • first-class return ticket from
Newthurch to Salford. On his return home,
however, instead of getting out lit the New-
church station, he proceeded to ri icup, where
the full first-class fare from Salford was de-
manded. Mr. Ashworth tendered the extra fare
from 14ewchurch, but it was refused, and hence
the action brought &Tainst him by the Lancashire
and Yorkshire Railway Company. The plaintiffs
rested their case on the iO3rd sec a the Bth Vic.
cap. 20. which says that "a person travelling
beyond a specified distanoe, with a view of de-
frauding • company, shall be liable to a penalty
not exceeding 40s. '." and &Ist *clause in their
bye-laws to the effect "that before say person
shall enter • carriage they must take a ticket
specifying the class of carriage and distance of
which, or places between which, the payment had
been made." The judge, after summing up with
great minuteness, said that a railway company
might fix a large fare fer &short distarlce, but they
could not make a netts fare for the occasion, be.
cause a person travelled in the way which the
defendant had don.; nor ask a court of civil
jurisdiction to find an amount in excess of the
ordinary fare in the shape of a gumtrees mem*
and neither the Act of Parliament nor the bye-
laws gave the civil remedy.
The Board of Trade has addrested a circular
to the various railway companies, in reference to
providing some means of communioation from
one end of passenger trains to the other. The
circular recognises the fact that, without the co
operation of the companies, any attempt to ins
prove the railway system would be attended
with doubtful success. Among the suggestions
enumerated are windows between the compart-
ments of each carriage, outaide footboards and
handrails along the train, and cords COM-
numicating with the guard; and the companies
are requested to @lrina their opinion as to the
value or practicability of these suggestions. For
our own part we think that either of them in
the ease of the late Mr. Briggs, for exami.le,
would be valueless. _

The lock-out in the collieries in the vicinity of
Barnsley was brought to a close on Monday,
when ten pits were re-opened, and the men re-
sumed work. The lock-out has lasted eighteen
weeks, and the masters are said to have suffered
a loss during that time of more than no,uoo,
and all without any t result.
A very importantairurrictrate question was
decided in the Court of Arches on Wednesday.
The point railed was whether otie churchwarden
could proceed with a snit when his colleague re-
fused to sanction the proceedings- Dr. Lush-
ington gave judgment to the effect that he could
not; and the suit that was under review was
therefore quashed.
The driver and stoker of the train returning
from the Ascot races, were placed on their trial
for manslaughter at the Guildford anises on
Wednesday. and acquitted. Mr. Justice Willes,
in commenting on the accident, expressed a wish
that the managers of railways, and not the in-
ferior agents or officials only, should be made
responsible.
The intelligence from America is, as usual,
extremely confused end contradictory. Victories
are announced one day only to Se contradicted
the next, and operations upon the Stook
Exchange at New York appear to be more in
flower there than anything connected with the
current run of events that is now marking out
the future destiny of the States. It is some-
thing consoling to know that negotiations for
peace have been broached by die coutwuding
paries ; although little hope can be eatertaiued
I of this desirable end being attained whilo the
North insists upon the Union as a fundamental
basis. The prompt and firm rejectiou of the
proffered terms by the weaker party ought to
convince the Federal' that the flame of liberty
in the breasts of the Confederates is as un-
quenchable as it is in their own; and that
nothing hnt a complete and absolute separation
will satisfy men, who, through the most trying
difficulties, privations, and leases, have held fast
their integrity of purpose. The individidal mind
may be swayed by passion, fear, or caprice; but
in intellectual communities it is not so, for,
among the many, men learn the realities of
things, to do wisely and well. The contest as
sow tarried op partake. larriT of the guerilla

character. This kind of warfare has, in fist,
become a necessity with the Confederates, who
have but very limited Mean& Of supolying their
necessities and requirement', beyond those they
derive from their powerful advent,* ; and it
is a potent fact, that the Sodth wiuld mit have
kept up ita power" of acting on the offensive so
long but for the cattle, ammunition, food, and
clothing provided so liberally by the Washington
Government, for the use of their own troops.
The plunder the Confederates carried off in their
WI great raid is reported to be of fabulous
amount—upwards of a million sterling.
The New York Tribune roughly estimates that
Oongrem during its late sitting appropriated over
a thousand millions of dollars—about two
hundred million sterling—for the prosecution of
the war, and President Lincoln has issued orders
for raising half a mill,on more men, who are to
be tempted into the service by enormously high
bounties; but how the money or the men are to
be raised is now the agitating question; the task
being not less difficult on account of the offensive
attitude assumed by the Southerners, and the
splendid career they have lately run, in the face
of enormous oda. It is no* admitted
that the War as at present carried obis a hope-
less one for the North ; that the prospects held
out by the advance of Grant cin Richiliond, have
well nigh ditappeared ; and if the City be not
taken this summer it will never be taken at all.
Tho war will, no doubt, continue some time
longer, but the signs of exhaustion are many,
and the rapid development of a better and
wiser feeling, indicated that the mice party are
daily gaining accession to their numbers. In-
deed, unless something like concession to the
Confederates is decided upon, there is every like-
lihood of a further dirmion of the Northern
States taking plies Under these circumstances
we Still Maintain our opinion that this will be
the last campaign, even though General Lee be
beaten, which we do not think probable.
The rimer Richmond correspondent, speaking
of the state of affairs in the South, says :—Grant
will make no more onslaughts upon Confederate
breastworks. nil knows very well that neither
Petersburg nor Richmond will betaken by light-
ing. It is • question of subsistence. Richmond
can never be starved out until the two railroads
from the South, as well as the James River
Canal and the railroads from the North, can be
utterly annihilated, and can be kept annihilated.
General Grant Is not strong enough, either in
cavalry or infantry, to do more than dash at the
tanned, and indict, hoot tints to tints, some
slight damage upon it. It is safe to conclude
that be will never dare to "plead ardiy over
the 26 miles bet Ween prealent &Mace and the
Danrilhi ; and unless he can encamp
Open the two railroads and lie there permanently,
he has not even commenced his task, although
outnumbering General Les largely. Be dares
not spread over too long a line for fear of having
his centre pierced. In short, to talk of Rich-
mond being besieged because Grant's army en-
virons Petersburg 22 miles away, is about as
reasonable as to pretend that London was on
shaft tations when Napoleon's army menaced
England from Boulogne. The writer, however,
admits that Grant's operations may occasionally
cause the Confederate army to be put on
.alf rations, but this will not affect the
result of the campaign. He says the James
River will assist Lee in August and September
as much as that memorable night of frost in
ISO (in which 20.000 French horse perished)
aided the Russians. With Grant thus baffled,
the best course for the Federal" to pursue is,
by acting on the detonative, to let the weight of
the nil possidetir principle tell; and when any
talk of negotiations arises to ask the Confede-
rates, "what have you in exchange for New
Orleans, Pensacola, Key West, Morris Island,
Port Royal, Beaufort, Newborn, Norfolk,
Fortress Monroe, Western Virginia, and the
State of Tannage's, to give! and how can you
talk of,perios unless you give tie payment for
etch of these cities and regions, or, failing that,
allow these cities and regions to remain in our
hinder

Lady Palmerston cut the first sod of a new
railway in Northamptonshire on Wednesday,
and was accompanied by Lord Palmerston. The
Premier, at a luncheon subsequently, made a
speech on railways generally, and on the social
effects of railways in particular. The politidn of
the noble lord in the ministry was capital' v de-
picted by Mr. Knightlem, one of the members
for the county, who said that the country always
seemed to draw a distinction between the head
of the Government and the Government itself.
If a measure warn successful, the noble lord had
the credit of It; if a failure, it was ascribed to
his colleagues. The English people, it was
evident, were determined to gire the noble lord
all the halfpence, and the rest of the ministry
all the kicks. . .

Lord Stanley has delivered a comprehensive I
and masterly speech before the Liverpool
Chanted. of Commerce. He reviewed the con-
dition and prospects of India, passing a high
tribute to the character of the present Governor-
General. In concliirion he uttered the following
characteristic sentences, on which it is quite
unnecessary for us to peas a single word of com-
ment. The noble lord said :—" I may congra-
tulate you, too, upon the increasing trade and
growing prosperity of this town. I see from
the report of the borough surveyor that upwards
of 2,000 houses have been constructed in this
borough within the last twelve months. I may
congratulate you also. I think, upon the prospect
of oontinued peace abroad, which, in my judg-
ment, ought always to be the great and leading
object of the foreign policy of this country. In
some other countries which we know very well,
if • politician, or if • nation as • whole, gets •
great political idea into its head, the first idea is
to take down • sword and musket and go to war
to force that idea upon everybody else. We
have always gone upon the opposite tack. and I
think we have dotie *ltaly. We may be called
cold and indifferent to the affairs of foreign
countries; we may be accused of selfishness and
isolation. I am very well content to take my
share of theme reproaches, because I firmly
believe that by minding our own affairs, by
living at peace with our neighbours as long as
we can—and we may depend upon it where we
do not quarrel with them they will not be in •
hurry to quarrel With tisand by setting an
example of economy and good order in our
government at home, we are doing more for
other countries, and more for the good of the
cause of freedom and order, and commercial
prosperity throughout the world, than we could
by any armed interference!)
if we are to believe public rumours, we shall
shortly have &batch of new peers. The Marquis
of Westminster is to be made a duke, and Mr.
Wentworth Beaumont, Sir W. Bulkeley, and
Mr. Denison, are to be derided to the Hones
of Lords. It is also said that Sir Charles Wood
is to receive • peerage • but this has been said
once • year for the last quarter of • century.
The most significant rumour of all has yet to be
noticed, however. It is said that Lady Pal-
merston is to be made a plena in her own
right, with remainder to her second son, the
Right Hai. W. Cowper. By this last arrange
went we may hope that the name of Palmerston
will be perpetuated.
We have now received full details of the pre-
liminaries of peace concluded at Vienna by the
plenipotentiaries of Austria. Prints* and Den-
mark. The King of Deamark cedes pot only
Holstein, Sleswmg, and Lanenbury, but also
several islands which belonged to the province
of Jutland, and all the islands which pertain to
Sleswig. The national debt of the kingdom is to
be divided between Denmark Proper and the
Duchies, in proportion to the population of the
respective provinces. One condition in the first
article of the preliminaries proposed to give tam
great German Powers the right to dispose of the
ceded territorie, as they deemed fit, and without
consultation with Denmark ' • but this point, it
seems, M. de Quaade, the Danish plenipotentiary,
declined to concede. Austria has sines notified
to its representatives abroad that the arrange-
ments for the fumre disposal of the Duchies will
be made in concert with the Federal Government
of Germany.
Prince Leopold made his hit appearance in
public life on Thursday, when he laid the founda-
tion stone of • new infirmary at Bishops
Waltham, near Winchester. The occasion is
additionally interesting by the prominent part
taken in the ceremony by Mr. Arthur Helps,
clerk to Her Majesty's Privy Council, the
author of "Friends in Conned," and other re-
markabie essays, and the editor of the late
Prince Consort's speeches and addresses. In
the course of one of his speeches, delivered as
chairman of the luncheon, Mr. Helps announced
as • fact, what had already been the subject of
rumour and conjecture, that the Queen herself
wrote some portion of the life of the late Prince
Consort which forms the preface of his Royal
Highness's speeches and •reimaria
TIP/ Regetrar•thmeral's quarterly Mara of births,
marriages, sod deaths, for Use three mouths ending
Susie, lee jam bees published, and affords pinet
that the bulk of the population is in
oiroanietances Wheat lies beset neswaslry=-11:2
'ls average prieefor the three mouths Wog Mk 2,1.
, per qr.. sonnet 511 e. ed, in the eorrespendiog period
, of 11412, and as. 2d. of 180. Beef end mate",

however, Nen dearer than in the seine season of
142 3. Pauperism bad decreild.d, god if.. number
of marriages wits greeter than any pferiods iiiiirier.
'the births also weie above tlie average. add in many
'district. the Mortality was nitiarkibly sl
We regret to (11241, hoirever, that the Smith-Wanton,
district was an szoeption with regard to the latter
point. The great epidemic of scarlatina has
pnrailed in this part of the eouutry with much
severity. Wiltshire and Somersetshire, and
especially the dlatricts amend seth mid firistol, eon-
tinge still to etperienoe ita in , the diettelity
was considerably ahoy* the average in Clifton, Bath,
Clutton, Wellington, Chord, and Yeovil. These
important districts, suggests the Registrar-General,
might probably learn something useful from their
venerabie neighbour balisbnry, —formerly one of
the most Unhealthy thrice in Eqgland. Loft where.
owing to the completion of wholesome Writer/
undertakings, the mortality continues low, and
justifies the Mot eenjoine etpectatloos of
its
ref.""rik .IDe Registrar concludes his
report with a valuable hint to those who
alight the English watering-places, for the ingelo•
bnoiiii towns of a situate nature in Germany. in
many of our home pleatuiriareisotbi the mortality is
probably Ina than it ii anywhere in the workl, and
the registrar predicts that filtittuttelY, *hen the
English people have become more *live to
the neoseeity of thorough hoops drainage,
that oitr Eng)ish watering-plaoie Will betitne the
resort of fbreigners in searah of basltli. tie edds,
some of the set•sicle towns im drilinthfl their
houses, and for this they deserve applause; but it
appears to be very poreasoaable to , throw into the
water° of the era where victors bathe the offensive
matteril Which would fertilite the &Molesting chalk
soils in the surrounding fields.

TO THE MATOR AND CORPORATION OF