The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-09-11 00:00:00

TEETH

A EFI
AM) IMPROVED METHOD OF
NNXVING ATIFICIAL TEETH.
MESSRS. GABRIEL,R THE OLDMINERAL ESTABLISHED DENTISTS,
Of 12, , 00l
have the honour to infoormDuke- theisrtreet Patients
and,) the Public that
their arrangements are now complete for the Exhibition of all
Modern Improvements in the Construction of ARTIFICIAL
TEETH, for which the Prize Medal has been obtained, and as
now Exhibited at the

PALIS D'INE,
Specimens of which may now be seen aTtRNo. 102, Duke-street.
Messrs. G. may be consulted Daily, (Free of Charged at their
Residence, 102, Duke-street, and every requisite information
respecting the Teeth obtained. Also, for
DECAYED TEETH,
the Patent WHITE ANODYNE CEMENT, as recommended by
the most eminent Physicians of the day. which instantly allays
the pain and renders the Decayed Tooth sound and useful.
Charge, 2s. 6d. and ss.

ARTIFICIAL TEETH from 3s. Gd.
A COMPLETE SET , £4 48. Od.
NOTICE.—In the System adopted by 'Messrs. GABRIEL, of
Fixing Teeth by Atmospheric Pressure, there is no pain what-
ever, as it is not requisite to extract any Teeth or Stumps.
SCALING, EXTRACTING, LOOSE TEETH FASTENED,
and MISFITS RE-MODELLED, by
-

- -
MESSRS. GABRIEL,
SURGICAL AND MECHANICAL DENTISTS,
AND 79, F
102 EN, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOL,
CHURCH-STREET, CITY, O
LONDON.
Hours of Attendance from Ten to Seven.
NOTICE THE NUMBER 102.

RAINLESS TOOTH EXTRACTION,
(WITHOUT CHLOROFORM.)
BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.
Mr. ESKELL is the only DENTIST privileged to use the Patent
LIVERPOOL.
A new and elegant IMPROVEMENT connected with DENTAL
SURGERY has been invented by
MR. ESKELL, SURGEON DENTIST,
No. 75, RODNEY-STREET,
(CORNER OF UPPER DUKE•STREET), LIVERPOOL.
It isthe construction of an entirely new description of ARTIFI-
CIAL TEETH, beautifully Enamelled and of the most exquisite
Workmanship, from Part of a Tooth to a Complete Set, and is
are incorrodible, (will never change colour or decay,) and when
adapted to the mouth are not discernible from the Natural
ne
purify, to comp
reos
esme db
loef t
ht heeNfianteusr
at NilTaeteetrhl a, l
isn, Nevlh.ei cr
yh
sa rhea ad fet earnwda
Colour.rds En a mTe lhl ede y
Teeth. They are constructed upon lifitalfilof. unexceptto abl
rify, and for comfort in wearing and -general appearance
cannot be excelled.
TeHtinugpoannyhisTneeewthsyo'Sr-
Stumps. Mr. ESEELL has Specimens in every variety, and will
be happy to show them to those
,w It Ca Au
without
, eT.Et
rl i...
interested in the subject,
when their pre-eminence will be at once apparent, and this
statement of their superiority over all others will be found to be
ie mM r o:AaDuIgEIiSIOANRI' IFi
entirely and scrupulously correct; so much so that Mr. ESKELL
will give THREE MONTHS' TRIAL WITHOUT PAYMENT, a
D
sufficient guarantee of their COMFORT, EASE, BEAUTY, andURABILITY, at charges strictly moderate, and within the
reach of the most economical.
Incorrodible ARTIFICIAL TEETH, as above, from TEN
SHILLINGS EACH TOOTH.
FILLING DECAYED TEETH
With EsitELL's celebratedD
WHITE TERRA PASTE, which
never changes colour, and is free from those injurious proper-
ties found in ordinary Stoppings. It is applied in a soft state,
like paste, to the cavity of the Tooth, without giving the slightest
pain, and in a few minutes it becomes as hard as the Enamel
of the Tooth itself.
A NEW MODE OF EXTRACTING TEETH,
By A PATENT FULCRUM,
By which means the Gums cannot be lacerated, the danger of
breaking the Tooth prevented, and hmorrhage considerably
lessened ; and the Tooth being extracted perpendicularly and
almost PAINLESS, renders Chloroform unnecessary.
" We can confidently direct attention to it as a' boon to the
yp'r preconceived profession and the public.”—Loncet,
howeverceiv ed valuable,
ideas a
na oi d .
" It allows of the extraction of teeth in the most scientific and
easy manner."—Medical Times.
There is generally so much difficulty experienced in the intro-
or Surgery, and that difficulty is so much enhanced if the inven-
tdiuocntmioniliotaftaeneyagnaoivnesltt
cherished modes of practice, that it is thought desirable to pub..'
especially
sai tin l ii‘s 11
ei
eddi cainn iel
lish some of the Testimonials received in favour of the Patent
Apparatus from some of the many persons who have experienced
its benefits.
The following are some of the most eminent medical men to
whom the Chair and Fulcrum have been shown, which has met
with their entire approbation; some of them have also been
patients, and to them the reader can be more particularly re-
ferred:—
Sir B. Brodie,
' J. Avery, Esq.,
Dr. B. Cooper,
Dr. Watson, S. Lane, Esq., Hyde-park-
Dr. Rigby, corner,
Dr. Holland, Dr. Taylor Smith,
Dr. Parr, T. Wakley, Esq., M.P.,
T. Wakleyj dieal
Caesar Hawkins, Esq , Esci•un.,
~ The Editor of the Are E. Stanley, Esq.,
Times,
Esq., Spring-
E. Cock, Esq., J. Freeman,
H. J. Johnson, Esq., gardens, M.D.
Athol Johnson, Esq., Evans Raid
31 D
T. Tatum, Esq~
.
the Council of
--
ciety,
The Royal College o eons, IrSo lr
The Royal Medical a - -
The Royal Medico- e. ta Society,
The Westminster
Ai dical. ociety,
. rt.; Itc; A
Mr. ESKELL'S method - .._ .
The Society q
rcombi Arts;
the modern improvements
.._.
.
at Paris and Berlin.
Badly-applied Teeth modelled. Children's Teeth
A
Regulated , arc.
Free and CHAROES STRICTLY MODERATE.
COMMitatIOR ,
Attendance DAILY, at 73, RODNEY-STREET.
(CORNER OF UPPER DUKE-STREET), LIVERI.OOL.

THE

iLiberpool .-7-)tanbarb+

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1855.

FROM OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT.

MONDAY MORNING.

THE summer season continues to act severely upon "Life
_in.London." The courtly emigrants, who. in vast numbers.
composed a voluntary suite for the recent royal visitors to
France, still linger in crowds among the seductive gaieties of
the French capital, or lounge amid the provincial attractions
of la belle France. The Society of Arts, and all whom it
delights to honour, as well as those who seek reflected honour
from its accidental smile, have betaken themselves to Paris,
and in the course of the present week, it is understood, will
be received at the Tuileries. The savans have broken up
their several bivouacs in the metropolis, and are speeding
with all the facilities offered by steam towards the general
rendezvous at Glasgow, the capital of the Caledonian Becetia.
The Court, and with the Court its royal mistress QUEEN
VlcroßrA, turning her back temporarily upon her southern
palaces, has sought shelter and repose within her Highland
mountain home at Balmoral, leaving cockneydom a prey to
ennui, and the numerous social ailments which follow in its
train.

In such a state of matters, "trifles light as air" assume im,
portance in the general strain of gossip, and of these many a sin.

gular vesicle is inflated and dispersed. Within the last two days
no small amount of anxious discussion has taken place in refer-
ence to a subject which, occurring through some mismanage-
ment, might have been attended with results the most cala-
mitous. This was an account of the dangerous series of acci-
dents which accompanied the royal train on its journey from
the metropolis to the Scottish border. It is long since that
inveterate joker, the Rev. SIDNEY SMITH, said there would
never be safety in a railway train till a director of a railway com-
pany. was7accidentally roasted by the firing of a carriage ; and
not much shorter a time since his jest was almost converted

into earnest by the burning of a bishop. For Thursday last,
however, was reserved the distinction of almost the dread con-
jecture in the destruction of our gracious Sovereign. HER
MAJESTY and the Royal Family, as is well known, left the
King's Cross terminus of the Great Northern Railway at an early
hour on Thursday morning. Notwithstanding all the pre-
cautions, ostensibly taken to prevent accident, or, indeed, to
obviate the chance of even the slightest casualty, it appears
that, not long after the starting of the royal train, it was dis-
covered that some of the axles of the carriages, especially one
of the last break van, were in an unsatisfactory state. When
the train reached Peterborough, one or two of the axle-boxes
had to be washed out. At Grantham the state of affairs was
found to be still worse ; and at this point a man was stationed
on the footboards of the train to grease the axles in the pro-
gress of the journey. From Retford a telegraphic messagehad to
be despatched to Doncaster ordering a fresh break to be got in
readiness. At Bawtry the train was detained five Minutes to allow
the axles—all of which were more or less heated —time to
cool. On reaching Doncaster the last break of the train was
exchanged for a fresh one. Even thus, however, the danger
was not obviated, for after getting rid of the nearly ignited
break, when the train got once more into motion the condi-
tion of the axles of some of the other carriages continued to
excite the most lively anxiety in the officials having charge
of the train, and to call for ceaseless vigilance on their part.
As the train approached Darlington, one of the men stationed
on the footboard, to grease the axles, while engaged in
the performance of his perilous duty, came accidentally in
contact with the girder railing of a small culvert bridge ; by
the collision he was knocked off the train, and was so crushed
and mutilated in his fall as to cause his death in a few
minutes afterwards. This accident was not known
to the Royal travellers till their arrival at Darlington.
On the melancholy fact becoming known, HER MAJESTY
expressed deep regret and warm commiseration in re-
ference to the sad accident. At this point it was found
that the axle of the Royal saloon carriage had become so very
hot, that it became indispensable to detach this carriage from
the train ; and the QUEEN, Prince ALBERT, and the Princess
ROYAL, who occupied it, were compelled to abandon it, and
proceed for the remainder of the journey hi a saloon carriage,
occupied by some of the junior branches of the family. The
chronicler of these seried mishaps adds that HER MAJESTY bore
the contretemps very good humouredly. Fortunately the
remainder of the journey was accomplished without any mis-
adventure, and the Royal cortege arrived at Holyrood about
half-past six in the evening. On Friday morning the Royal
party resumed their journey northwards, arriving at Balmoral
towards nightfall of the same day. As already stated, much
anxious and some angry conjectures have been hazarded upon
the subject of these dangers in the purlieus of the clubs, many
of the sojourners in which, being men of routine, cannot trace
any connection between this perpetual "frenzy of the wheels"
and the operation of any known rule of cross-purposes. All
classes sincerely rejoice to know that the danger was only
threatening and not tangible, although obviously imminent.
The absence of interesting events confers a double piquancy
on subjects of speculative controversy; and this latter kind of
stimulant has been of late rather freely furnished,—the treat-

went of Mr. BAK EWELL by the authorities at the Horse-
Guards, and the gentle passages of letter-writing and pub!.
lishing between St!' CHARLES NAPIER and Sir JAMES GRA-
HAM affording abundant food for surmise and racy conjecture
on all hands. In respect to the former case, general opinion
appears to take the ordinary course in reference to all Crimean
matters, directly antagonist to official usage. The treatment
of Mr. BAKEWELL is generally admitted as original and
unique, whether the statement for which he has been cashiered
be true or false. Mr. BAKEWELL, as an assistant-surgeon, on
an important occasion, the assault upon the Redan on the
18th of June, avers that the preparations made for relief of the
wounded on that memorable occasion were inadequate to the
reasonable expectation of the casualities ; and grossly, ter-
ribly deficient compared with the actual occurrences of that
day. He is himself, shortly after making the accusation, for
it is now all nonsence to talk about its anonymous character,
prostrated by disease, and forced to retire from the Crimea to
Beutari. Here he is officially informed that an inquiry
is to be made into the truth or falsehood of his accusa.
tions. He expresses his willingness immediately to proceed
to the scene of the inquiry, and verify his charges. In answer
to this offer he receives an advice to attend better to his
health, and remain where he is. The inquiry, meantime, pro-
ceeds ; and, after a brief space, he is told his accusations have
been investigated, and proved groundless ; that he himself is
an anonymous slanderer, and, as such, has been dismissed from
his post. Startled, as he well might be, at the arbitrary rapi-
dity of this species of military justice, he applies to have an
opportunity of substantiating his charges, or, at least, of being
heard in his own defence, ere he be punished for a crime
without having even been told it was to be prefefred against.
him. This request is sternly refused ; and he is coolly told
by Mr. Fainznicir PEEL that a man who would make
charges 'against his fellows behind their backs has no right
to be heard in his own defence, or to complain of the injustice
of his condemnation ! The plausibility of this style of pleading
is not sufficient to secure it from the scrutiny of men as disin-
terested as Mr. PEEL. These scrutineers see plainly and
-say boldlYthati:itiaking such a statement is putting a false
colour on the irgaction. Mr. BAKEWELL was not arraigned
on any charge, or, if he had, who knows that he could not
have rebutted the charge ? But whether his averments were
true or false, they could not be fairly said to be anonymous,
as he had given up his name to be used, if requisiteorhen lie
made his criminatory statement ; and above all, when he was
told the inquiry was to be made into the circumstances of his
charges, he at once expressed his willingness to meet the
inquiry and substantiate his charges. He is arraigned, tried,
convicted, and punished for the crimp of laying a " masked
accusation ;" whereas, withdrawing any mask that ever
was held up, he expressed his willingness to come forward
in the face of day and substantiate his accusation.

This surely is in a considerable degree akin to the
Donnybrook measure of justice which first knocks a man

down and then kicks him for falling. The parties whose con-
duct was impeached by Mr. BAREWELL, if innocent, have more
reason to complain than he has. They have been, they and all
men are told, exonerated from all blame implied in the asper-
sions. A court of inquiry which excludes the statement of the
accuser, is not just the first that honourable men would claim
or value a verdict from : but apart from this consideration, in
itself no trivial one, there are other circumstances connected
with the transaction which do not greatly brighten its aspect,
Every one is familiar with the fact that at the time when
matters were at the worst, or rapidly approaching to
it in the Crimea, the intelligence received by Government
from Government officials was of the most satisfactory kind.
All was going on swimmingly and well. The sick and the
wounded were, according to these reports, most admirably
tended. True, the reports of " masked accusers," as the
newspaper correspondents are considered, by Mr. PEEL and
gentlemen of his kidney, were pertinacious in declaring the
state of matters to be the reverse of the official representations.
Investigation took place, not through a military court of
inquiry, but by parties as willing to listen to the accused as the
accuser, and the result of that investigation showed clearly
enough thht the truth was inthe statements of the " masked
accusers," that the deception pertained to the official state-
ments. With these facts staring the public in the face, no
amount of official pertinacity nor any skulking beliiud
the bulwarks of military etiquette will induce a general
belief in the groundlessness of Mr. BAICE,W. ELL'S allega-
tions, or acquiescence in the sentence winca conderans
him unheard. As regards Sir CRABLES NArizE . late

First Lord of the Admiralty, the opinion is pfetty prevalent that
both parties are considerably to blame. By this time, all the
7,?.r1d knows that that official connexion which was inaugu-
rated at the Reform Club, and moistened and cemented by
copious streams, drawn from the inspiring fountains which
play in Bacchanalian groves, has ended in a rupture, and that

the valiant Admiral, whose discretion was doubted ere he
started, but proved in the Baltic campaign, has printed and
published a mass of correspondence with his quondam friend
and boon companion, in which neither cuts a very creditable
figure; while, from its publication, the country_ maysuffer some
detriment. Among the odds and ends of this singular corres-
pondence, is one circumstance which has occasioned much
remark. Sir CHARLES NAPIER alleges that by the same mail
which brought him despatches from the Admiralty, he
received a communication from the Jupiter Tonans of
Printing-house-square, containing admonitions of a similar
character to thosp contained in the Admiralty despatches. A
leader in the Morning Advertiser, in which journal the cor-
respondence, or such portions of it as have been published,
appear, states that the Editor of that paper had the letter in
his possession. The deduction sought by the testy Admiral
and his newly-found friend, from this letter, is, that the Ad-
miralty rules the fleet, and that the Times directs the Admi-
ralty ; a nice state of affairs, truly, on which the Times, with
cautious prudence, remains discreetly silent.
While these foolish exposures tend greatly to discredit the
public service, matters of more serious moment relative to our
Admiralty arrangements force themselves on attention from
different quarters. It now appears certain that the mortar-
boats, furnished as an important supplementary force to the
Baltic fleet, have been so faulty in construction, that they are
already useless, and that the fleet of these lame ducks is on its
way home from the inhospitable north. In Parisian naval,
military, and political circles the rumour is current, and cur-
rently credited, that " the English mortar-boats soon became
useless at the bombardment of Sweaborg, and that their con-
struction and fitness are altogether decidedly inferior to those
of the French boats of the same construction, rendering their
fire less precise and effective." The same rumour adds that,
consequent on the defective construction of these English
mortar-boats, Admiral DUNDAS was forced to oppose a further
prosecution of the bombardment, when pressed to continue it
by Admiral PENATTD, and further that he was ultimately driven
to avow that the deplorable state of his materiel would pre-
vent his renewing the combat. If these obnoxious rumours
prove correct, the vaunted naval supremacy of England is
apparently far advanced on its way towards annihilation.
Such sinister reports as these demand immediate refutation,
if untrue ; if true, instant attention with a view to remedy,
The news and the rumours which each passing day brings
with it from the Crimea, if not sources of immediate apprehen-
sion, are nevertheless so interwoven with portentous urgency
and gloom, as to cause serious uneasiness in quarters not
liable to the charge of fear. The official despatches which for
some time past have reached this country breathe such an air
of uncertainty and hesitation as to give countenance to un-
comfortable rumours of divided counsels among the allied,
commanders. %,t all events, the movements, disposition, and
indicated feeling of the French and English generals give no
token of an expected speedy termination to the siege of Sebas-
topol. General Simpsox writes as if he were laboming under
some undefined and oppressive sense of the actual power of the
enemy, whose resources, we are also requested to believe, are
exhausted in the Crimea. From various sources the people of
this country are taught to believe that provisions of all sorts
are scarce among all the divisions of the Russian army ; but
still we learn from General SIMPSON, that "The enemy have
been concentrating troops, and are supposed to have•received
considerable reinforcements, which probably consist of two
divisions of grenadiers, which have been conveyed in carts
from Bakshi Serai and Simpheropol. From various sources
we learn that the Russians on the right bank of the Tchernaya
are held in perfect readiness for an attack." This does not
savour much of exhaustion. An enemy which could convey
two Russian divisions of an army from a considerable distance,
in carts, cannot be destitute. That army which is held in
readiness for an attack upon another numbering 200,000-men
cannot be fairly looked on as exhausted. The truth is, and every
one here feels it to be so, we do not know, and never have known,.
the actual condition and position of the Russian army in and•
within march of the Crimea. Our armies landed on its shores
without an idea of what was to be encountered, and they con-
tinue in the same unsatisfactory state of ignorance to all
appearance up to the present moment. As in the most im-
portant periods of last year's campaign, we are once more
driven to Russian channels for intelligence. Prince GORTSCIII-
KOFF himself now admits that " the fortifications of Sebastopol•
have been greatly damaged, and that the garrison have
suffered heavy losses." In corroboration of these facts it is
stated, in well-informed quarters, that the fire of the Malakhoff
has been almost silenced, and an extensive breach has been
made in the works of the Redan. The latest published
despatches up to Saturday night intimate a vigorous resump-
tion of the bombardment on Wednesday last at daybreak, and
its steady continuance on that and the following day, with

some show of result, a gratifying incident of which was the
burning of a Russian ship in the harbour, showing clearly
that the guns of the Allies have at last obtained command of
such important points as to reach the shipping.
Last night a great sensation was created all over the metro-
polis, by an announcement from the war department, inti-
mating that on Saturday at noon a combined attack had been
made by the English and French troops on the defences of
Sebastopol. The French were successful in carrying and re-
taining the Malakoff, but the same amount of good fortune-
does not appear to have followed the British attack upon the•
Redan, which General S/MPSON simply mentions as having•
been unsuccessful. The military problem now to be solved is,.
whether the possession of the Malakoff and the Redan (for
the fall of the latter is considered to be ensured by that of the
former), the Allies will be able so to command the chief de-
fences of the north side of Sebastopol as to render the town
tenable. Considerable diversity of opinion prevails on this.-.
point, some of the military authorities maintaining that the
Malakoff is so situated as to command the harbour, and also
to bring the principal northern forts within range of its guns,
Others conjecture that most of those forts are beyond the,
probability of its range.
Among the domestic topics of political importance which at
present occupy attention, is a rumour circulated, " on good.
authority," that ere long there will be further changes in the
organisation of the Ministry ; that a coalition is in the course
of formation against the rule of Lord PALMERSTON, by Lord
JOHN RUSSELL, Sir JAMES GRAHAM, Mr. GLADSTONE, and
other members of the Peelite party, along with COBDEN and
BRIGHT, and the tribe of ultra-peace-liberals. It is under-
stood that the policy Of this new coalition, when formed; which
there is reason for believing will be shortly, is to, be the
peaceful prosecution of agriculture, manufactures, and com-
merce. Indeed, the battle-cry of the party was to some
extent raised the other day by Sir JAMES GRAHAM, while
engaged in " the turf-cutting trade" at the commencement of
a new railway near Carlisle. After having turned the first soda
the consistent baronet made an oration, in which he said it
was highly gratifying to his feelings to have been so occupied
that day, " amidst the din of war and the prodigal and fruit-
less expenditure of the public money." Ins a subsequent
speech, made in responding to "the members for Carlisle,"
drunk by the assembled multitude as a toast, Sir JAMES set
himself forward as an exponent of the policy pursued by the
late Sir ROBERT PEEL, and insinuated that, if that right
honourable baronet had been alive, he would have pursued the
same policy as he (Sir JAMES GRAHA* was now following.
This was too much for even a Cumberland gathering to
receive from Sir JAMES GRAHAM ; and a Mr. JAMES, while
disclaiming any knowledge of how Sir ROBERT PEEL would
have acted in the present emergency, reminded the antagonist
of Sir CHARLES NAPIER, that his model statesman had
changed his opinion upon the Corn-laws and same other
subjects, and - plainly demonstrated, amidst the cheers and
laughter of the assemblage, that the peace-at-any-price slogan
of the new coalition would meet only with a derisive answer
from the public.
For a time extending so far back, that it would be unsafe
to pretend a recollection of its commencement, it has been
the habit.. among the profane vulgar of the outer world at
least, to regard the preparations requisite for discharging the
highest legal functions to consist chiefly in the payment of
certain fees to a limited number of respectable elderly gen-
tlemen, and the eating of mutton at stated periods of the day
in Lincoln's Inn for a prescribed number of years. This,
like other prescriptively enjoyed prejudices, is doomed to be
swept away before the rising sun of intelligence. The mem-
bers of the Council of Legal Education have issued from
their Chamber at Lincoln's Inn a document which prescribes
the various text-books and subjects upon which students shall
be examined, and a comprehensive knowledge of which shall
he indispensable to their acquiring a status in the legal pro-
fession. The prescribed course of study is liberal in the
legitimate sense of that much-abused adjective embracing all
the departments of statutory law andlequity. In the selected
list of works on which examinations shall be taken, the
treatises of those who have shown peculiar aptitude and
diligence in the literature of the:profession, as well as in other
walks of literary art, find special favour. This will be at once
understood, when it is mentioned that the works of SUGDEN,
of STEPHEN S, and WARREN form portions of the necessary
cUrriculum. These new regulations, if properly acted up to,
must have the effect of greatly improving the elementary
legal education of our young lawyers ; the practical portions
they must of course derive in a great measure from profes-
sional contests with their elder brethern, and with each other
One is occasionally amused, as well as sometimes puzzled'
at the cad bits of gossippy intelligence which come in sugary
drap3 in reference to the domestic doings of our transatlantic

brethren and sisters. Lively and unceasing mental excite-
ment keeps their energies continually on the stretch. Now a
baby-show engages their attention—speedily an anti-liquOr
law seizes on the wits of the spirited disputants, who proceed
with fists and bludgeons, bowie-knives and revolvers, to settle
the question of individual partialities. Women's Rights Con-
ventions present a sort of safety-valve (or blowing off the
social steam of both sexes, and these, to their credit be it said,
generally end in nothing more destructive than a volley of
very peppery verbal missiles. At Baltimore a new esprit de
puNique has been evoked, a desperate recont re having, as we
are informed, taken place between the rival Fire Insurance
Companies of that peaceful city, in the course ,of which.not
fewer than fifty pistol shots were fired, happily without the
sacrifice of human life. Such active rivalry as this denotes is,
fortunately, unknown among our less ardent candidates for
popular favour.

RIGGING THE BAROMETER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

" When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war."

SlR,—The above prefix would bear a substitute for the last
word, not very creditable to the honor of the once classic land
of Greece.

A more audacious piece of daring could not well be attempted
on our commercial community than those of the liberties
recently taken with our Exchange Weather-instrument.--
'nether the culprit be Jew, Gentile, or, as currently reported
and generally credited, Greek, I hope our Exchar-ge Com-
mittee will exert themselves to bring home conviction to the
rogue in grain, and proceed at once to his ignominious expul-
sion from the mart of commerce. Assuming the correctness
of what is so confidently stated, namely, that the delinquent
is a native of Greece, the offence becomes doubly offensive
from the recollection of the open and unblushing mani-
festations of pleasure exhibited by those natives at any
supposed advantage gained by our Russian foe, ,and by
their chuckling delight and personal congratulations
at any supposed reverse of the allied arms ;an

offence too long tolerated, and that may meet with a humi.
Hating set-down, if persisted in. With the ancient courage;

the ancient honour also of that classic soil has fled ; and what
was once the seat of arty science, manly courage, and virtue, is
now but a howling wilderness or nest of pirates, brigands,
and shuffling poltroons. A little self-examination, and a few
moments devoted to the consideration of their country and
countrymen and of the humiliating and degraded position it
and they now occupy, morally and politically, among the fami-
lies of nations, ought to teach them reserve, and instil a defe-
rential respect and gratitude for liberties afforded and courte-
sies shown to them in. this country. The guilty individual,
whoever he may be, or of whatever country a native, ought to
be ferretted out and visited with the degradation of an open
expulsion from the Exchange he has disgraced, and the mer-
cantile community he has compromised. It is manifest he
would live by fraud, if it yielded a larger return than honesty
and fair dealing, and the sooner an expurgation of the offen-
sive member is effected the better. The matter ought not to
rest. If discovery be possible, no pains ought to be spared to
realise it, and, once obtained, retributive visitation ought to
follow, if our Exchange is to be preserved from a fall to the
level of degraded Greece, or its members protected from the
suspicion of Greek turpitude and practices. ARGUS.

SUGGESTED AMALGAMATION OF
BIRKENHEAD' JVTTH LIVERPOOL.

THE monthly meeting of the Birkenhead Commissioners
was held on Tuesday last. The- business under consideration
was chiefly of a routine character, and at the conclusion of
the ordinary proceedings the meeting was made special for
the purpose of considering the propriety of opening a com-
munication with the Mayor and Town Council of Liverpool,
as to the incorporation of the townships of Birkenhead and
Claughton with the borough of Liverpool_
The Chairman (Mr. John Laird) in introducing the sub-
ject remarked that a great deal had' been said in the town-
. ship on the subject, and, of course, the principal point at
once arising in any discussion of it was the amount of rates
to which the inhabitants of Birkenhead -would .be liable, sup-
posing an amalgamation with Liverpool to be carried out,.
and the desirability of the lighting, watching, and sewerage-
rates •of the township not exceeding what they were at
present, namely, 35.• in the pound. Comparing their local
rates with those of Liverpool and other neighbouring places,
he found that the rates of the parish of Liverpool (including
the poor-rate) were 44. 41d. in the pound ' • for the township
of West Derby, 35.. ed. ; Kirkdale, 43. 3d. • ' Everton, 3s. ;
Toxteth-park, 3s. llid. Oaten, ls.- 9d."; Poulton-cum-
Seacombe, 3s. Tranmere, ls. 9ide; Birkenhead, 4s. 4d. ;
Claughton, 2s. lid. So that at the present time the rates of
Liverpool and Birkenhead were within a halfpenny of each
other. Supposing an arrangement to be carried out, there
ought to be a stipulation that no increase was made in the
rates of Birkenhead to pay any debt. er Liverpoca: "Another`
point was, that the Corporation of Liverpool ought to adopt
the bond debt, and any other liabilities of the township, and
pay a rate of interest upon the debt to be agreed. on with the
bondholders. The bonded debt amounted, in round numbers,
to £390,000; the ferry debt to £103,000; the township debt
to £251,000; and arrears of interest due at the present time
to £67,000: making a total debt of £511,000. If the corpora-
tion took the debt,. they would, of course, take with it the pro-
perty of the commiosioners in the ferry, the park,. the- market,
and their lands unsold, along with their right to levy rates to
the extent of three shillings in the pound. If such an arrange-
ment were made, he thought that: the corporation would
eventually be no losers. by the purchase. Another point would
be clearly the insisting upon the maintenance of the present
rates of ferryage, as charged by the cammissionerseinstead of
the maximum rates. allowed by the present act of parliament.
Those rates, as fixed by the act, were—for every single person
not a contractor, 2d...; contracts ferone person for a- year, 60s. ;
half-year, 40s. ; three- months, 30se; and for every additional
member of the same family dwelling together ( except lotleers
and female servants), for a year, 205.; half-year; 165.; three
months, 10s. The tolls now charged by the commissioners
were—for every single person, ld. e contracts for one person
for a year, 255.;: half-year, 17s. 6d.; three •months, 1.25. 6d. ;
and for every additional member of the family for the
same time time respectively, 10s., 7s. 6d., and 6s. He
thought that those rates should be fixed as the maximum
in any condition of amalgamation. The neet point raised
was the question of representation. Of course Birkenhead
must possess proper representation in the Liverpool Coun-
cil and the Dock Committee, which would be a sub-
ject of arrangement with the Corporation. The advantages to
Birkenhead of such an arrangement were, first, the giving to
Liverpool, including the docks, such a heavy stake in Birken-
head as to secure a fair expenditure of the revenues there.
The second ,advantage would• be the immediate payment of
interest upon the bond debt,. and the beneficial effect of Liver-
pool credit acting at once on Birkenhead property, instead of
such results being deferredi perhaps, for years, and then an
arrangement of no better character lavingto be come to. So,
long as the interest upon the bonded debt remained unpaid, it
was a grant drawback to--parties desirous -to invest money in
the place. The third advantage would be that of reduchig
the maximum rates of the ferry, and giving Liverpool such a
stake in Birkenhead as to. make it her interest to reduce the
rates still lower-e-say even to a halfpenny. The fourth advan-
tage would be the removal of the present restrictions on
the price of the park and other lands, thus enabling the Cor-
poration to sell it at a moderate price, which must tend to
increase building operations in the township. On the other
hand, the advantages to Liverpool were very manifest. From
Birkenhead they had always had the greatest opposition for
several years, causing them to expend great sums of money-
-in fact, Birkenhead had always been -a thorn in their, side. By
the possession of Birkenhead, they.would get rid of the point
from which all, or most of the attacks upon Liverpool and its
revenues had originated, and give them the Parliamentary
support of the Cheshire side of the water, and of all districts
' for which Birkenhead is the port. The corporation would
thus do away with all the bad feeling and disputes which, for
the last ten. years, has injured Liverpool and • kept back
Birkenhead, allowing other ports to " go ahead" and causing
an unprofitable expenditure on docks on both, sides of the
river to the extent of millions, and in law and parliamentary
expenses of perhaps £200,000-; and it would make all parties,
on the Liverpool and Cheshire shores of the Mersey, have but
one common interest—namely, the promotion of the bade of
that estuary. The advantage to the trading public generally
would be the saving of unnecessary outlay, from both sides
of tho river being placed under one management. To show
the unnecessary outlay that had occurred, he might mention
that, in 1844, the Liverpool Dock debt was £1,600000 ; it was
now £5,500,000, showing an increase, since 1844,. of £3,900,000.
On the Birkenhead Docks the company had spent £1,000,000,
and the trustees £600,000 ; together £1,600,000. The interest
lost upon this was £400,00, making an expenditure of
£2,000,000 together ; which, added to the amount of the
: increase upon the Liverpool Dock debt—X3,9oo,ooo—showed
a dock expenditure on the Mersey, during the last ten years,
of not less than £5,900,000. He believed that, by a judicious
expenditure en the Birkenhead works, one-half of that amount
would have accommodated the increased trade of the port. In
addition to this, there were numerous sums exvended in
railway extensions, which were not productive, owing to the
non-completion of the docks. The trading and manufacturing
public, generally, lost by a useless expenditure in public
works, and would therefore be benefited by any system that
would ensure good accommodation at less cost. There were
various other reasons why an arrangement of this kind would
be desirable. The dock extension question, he thought, would
then be pretty well settled. If they could amalgamate the
two towns—make Liverpool and Birkenhead one—then, he
thought, it would be more to the interest of Liverpool to expend
money in Birkenhead, instead of going to the extreme north
and south with their docks. It would also, in that case, benefit
the freehold property of the Corporation in Liverpool, which
principally lay between St. Paul's Church-yard and the Queen's
Dock. If they came to such an arrangement, he thought they
were not likely to hear any more of either north or south
extension. He (the Chairman) had waited on the Mayor of
Liverpool that morning on the subject of the amalgamation,
and had asked him, if the Commissioners should appoint a
committee to meet the Council, what steps the latter would
take. The Mayor replied that he would bring any resolution
he might enclose to him before the Town Council, as one of
the Mayor's communications ; and the Mayor added that, from
the feeling expressed at the last meeting of the Council, and
in the town generally, he had no doubt the advance of the
Commissioners would be warmly responded to. He, (the
Chairman,) as one who had a great interest in Birkenhead,
would never agree to any arrangement likely to damage the
interest of either the landowners or the householders of the
township. He thought the Commissioners might leave the
matter in the hands of a committee.
After a brief discussion, the following motion was proposed
by the Chairman, and seconded by Mr. Gough :—" That the
subject be referred to the Finance Committee, with power to
negotiate with the Town Council of Liverpool thereon, to learn
the sentiments of the Council, and to report to this board
before Proceeding further." It was carried, with only three
dissentients, Messrs, Cook, Curry, and Whittingham,