The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-01-08 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL LAW.

THE experience of the last two sessions has proved
that, whatever may be the duty imposed upon the
Executive Government in the prosecution of the War'
there is no reason why the,whole business of legisl3"
tion should be set aside, and really useful reforms
indefinitely postponed, upon the excuse that the scal.
had necessarily monopolised the consideration of every

subject. If the Ministers have full occupation je
providing for the energies of a contest of which none,
can yet pretend to see the end, such a monopoly 01
attention can only apply to those immediately NO"
cerned in warlike preparations. The law-lords and
inferior members of the administration might be
advantageously occupied in founding legislation where,
reform is admitted to be urgently required ; and
perhaps there is no question in which greater
improvement may be made than the law affecting
commercial transactions. It has long been acknow.
ledged that many acts of injustice are submitted to
owing to the long delay and great expense of legal
redress, which have rendered the remedy worse than
the disease. In numerous mercantile transactions,
where the justice of the case would be fully met by
an appeal to the custom of the trade or of the port'
and where a decision might be arrived at within an
interval sufficiently brief to render it of advantage to
both parties, the remedy is denied, because there is n 0
tribunal but the ordinary law courts, and in these it
is well known that the custom of merchants is verY
little understood, while the inevitable delay is in most
cases altogether subversive of justice. There appears
to be no good reason why some attempt should not be
made to afford the Commercial interest that practical
benefit which would certainiy result from a cheap and
expeditious mode of adjusting the many differences
which are of almost daily occurrence.
There is no doubt that, where both parties in any
commercial dispute are disposed to submit the point
of difference to the arbitration of impartial persons,
the object sought may be arrived at without much
difficulty; but, unfortunately, in many such cases,
there is an unwillingness on one side or the other to
be bound by such decisions, and injustice is often sub-
mitted to rather than the expensive process and un-
certain result of a law suit should be incurred. The
remedy for such a state of affairs is comparatively
easy, inasmuch as all that is requisite is the legisla-
tion of local courts, formed of men of commerial expe-
rience, and whose decisions should have all the force-
of law. Such courts would only be required in
towns like Liverpool, and a few other places similarly
engaged in business, and might be constituted_of re-
tired merchats, with the assistance of some gentlemen
of the legal profession.
The great advantage of the establishment of such
courts would be, that all questions in dispute might
be decided almost immediately, without that dangerous
delay which virtually amounts to a denial of justice.
Then would follow the important feature of economy,
owing to all the witnesses being on the spot, the evi"
dence,in many cases, being principally of a documentary
character, with the further advantage of the costly
assistance of gentlemen learned in the law being for
the most part unnecessary. A measure of this kind
would be a boon to commerce, and one to which such
an important interest is certainly entitled. It is, at
the same time, eminently practicable, notwithstanding
the opposition which is sire to be given to it by the
lawyers in the House of Commons, who view every
attempt at a real reform in the administration of jus'
tice as an attack on the legitimate profits of the pro-
fession. Such was the spirit in which the institution
of County Courts was received ; but it is to be hoped
that the representatives of the mercantile interest
will press the question upon the attention of the legis-
lature, in the full confidence of the justice of their
claim.

All that is really required is the authorised esta-
blishment of local courts, to consist of men of mercan-
tile experince, and established reputation for probity
and intelligence, to whom shall be referred all ques-
tions of difference relating to mercantile transactions)
at a fixed scale of charges, and sitting at brief inter-
vals, so as to combine economy and dispatch. The
members of the court might be paid for their time and
trouble out of the fees ; their proceedings might be
registered, so as to be adapted for reference in case of
further proceedings, while, at the same time, security
might be afforded against palpable injustice by admit-
ting a right of appeal to the superior courts, a remedy
which would not often be resorted to, except in ex-
treme cases. We have thrown oat these suggestions
as being worthy of consideration, in the hope that the
question will be taken up by some member of Parlia-
ment in the approaching session.

• .
JANtARY 8 1856.] ,
• TII 12 LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
. . , , . .. ~• , ..•
col
4178TRA.LIA INT E. M 'G. R ATKIN FROM TRAD.E REPORT FOR EM-I=EN HUN- LIT-ERAR,Y _AN.P
gIY DRED AND FIFTY-FIVE. - - SOCIETY . -------z--
LIVERPOOL. - - i • MONDAY NIGHT.
ae• 40: —St . .40. ---- --
!vet • THE ordinary monthly meeting of this society was held at NOTWITHSTANDING the absence of any exciting causes
l'il past year shows a considerable, indeed a great, (Fnom THE ANNUAL CIRCULAR OF MEssRS. T. AND H.
otis lug off in the general trade of emigration. Liverpool has LITTLEDALE AND CO.)r4 x the Royal Institution, last evening; Mr. M'Andrew, the to lead to speculative movements, the Funds . have
president, in the chair. - shown a downward tendency, owing to the continued
!lred in that decrease, and particularly in the diminished TEE attention of all classes has been so much occupied decrease in the stock of bullion, as shown by the Bank
`4IIIX of THE LATE JOSEPH B. YATES, ESQ.
the e„.. Passengers from the British islands, and from the throughout the past year with the varying phases of the war, returns, and the uncertainty which prevails as to the
Before the general business proceeded, the Chairman, in
.'ollent of Europe, to our Australian colonies. For a that its commercial operations have not been watched and
negotiations for peace. Existing circumstances are,
lian dlsainutio conformity with a resolution of the Council, called the atten- .
however, on the whole, very favourable, as it is said
the to
add _n in the tide of emigration, many causes may easily discussed with the usual care aud hence probably the differ- . . .
bon of the society to the loss sustained in the death of Mr.
eh)._ "eeti; the most conspicuous and telling among which ence of opinions entertained' as to its results. On this ac- the number of acceptances falling due on the 4th of
[ere
of- midoubsau_ssy, Joseph Brooks Yates, and the propriety of their recording the month were generally well met, and the discount
been the war. This, by absorbing the surplus count, and still more as being our first entire year of active .
;el' their sense of that less, and of Considering an address of con-
-4:ll;,,fsale population, has at once lessened the number of warfare, it may not be uninteresting briefly to pass in review houses have not sustained any undue pressure. Money
dolence to the bereaved family. In suggesting this course,
ieS/ b., —‘oollB spirits, who, tired of the monotony of home life, some of our leading articles of import and distinct trades. for commercial purposes has been moderately plenti-
-44 so the Chairman said that Mr. Yates would be sensibly regretted ful, and this fact has tended, in some measure, to stay
the 444., ruled the bulk of our best emigrants. These, having Our last annual circular dosed with this remark, "we look by many of the charitable institutions in the town, and his the decline in the Funds, which at one time threat-
- their attention aroused in many ways, have been drafted forward with confidence to 1855 being a more Prosperous year meMory long cherished in the society as one of its most ac.
threat-
De- ak ened to be very rapid.
'aid Th...! by the allurements of military ambition, which has with the commercial class than the past," and such undoubtedly complished and zealous memibaers,,
interests
aatpielleiaordt.of many The returns of the Bank of England published on
'wed more attractive than a colonial life of mingled industry has been the fact. In 1854 nearly every leading article of im- years, and as_on..e..whe had its te.iensots,
cos azia ad,(+Ties then. Ned. the following reso- Friday show another decline in the stock of bullion,
• ~. venture. While war has been directly the means of Port lost. money, indeed it was a worse year to the merchant The Rev. H. H. PI
lotion :—. That this society having received from the Presi- to the extent of £180,130 ; and as there is also an
are r'elic' than it is prudent to admit—loss was the rule and profit the
dent the announcement of the. death of Joseph Brooks increase in the actual circulation of £272,545, the re-
-I,le4mg the number of emigrants, its indirect influence, exception—in the last year the reverse has happily been the
Vill busing a scarcity of hands in the labour market at home, case, Yates, Es's , desire that an expression of their profound sorrow , ,
serve of notes has decreased £5OO 855 leaving a balance
be recorded on their minutes, and conveyed to the bereaved of
an tiZitieti still further to withdraw the ordinary inducements To begin with Cotton, the import into the country has been£5,963,850. The increase in the public deposits is
the largest on record (2 247 000 bales) with the single ex- family. As one of its founders. the deceased claimed the
ial p -"'Vation With this knowledge before us, we were fully . : ' . respect of the society; and this became the private feeling of about half-a-million, and the private securities have
• tePared ' cephon of 1852—two-thirds of which has probably left a the members, from those. qualities_ which eminently dis- increased £573,737, showing that the demands for
,he 4.6 to find that emigration, in common with every other profit, in some instances a very large one to the importer, and tin wished him. Tome untiring zeal was added the matured accommodation have been on the advance, and have
oft '.l"eommercial enterprise, had sustained a great falling we close the year with the smallest stock since 1847, giving a - -
experience of ripened years, which led the society to receive been met by the Bank of England to a fair extent.
t° th'e ft'llt which it would have been absurd to expect that , consumption of over 40.,000. bales per week. .
his counsels with attention; while his extensive knowledge of
1448.1. seliger trade between Britain -and Australia should ^ been a highly satisfactory trade, and during the latter part of belles lettres and the fine arts enabled him frequently to lay
~.._ seined an exception. ' the year has left large profits from whatever quarter imported. . the fruits of his researches before the society. Thus did he entertained for the financial powers of the Bank of
"Na th
14 h. 9 returns for the year, we learn that the diminution COFFEE has given. a better result on im
than in : doubly earn the devotion of the society, which now mourns England, it cannot be denied that a reserve of about
his loss." Mr. Higgins said he was glad to have the oppor- six millions ought to afford sonie grounds for security
ii4eat trade has been great at all the emigration ports of the 181. both from Brazil and Ceylon, indeed must be classed as - tunity of being present on this occasion though the duty he against such a pressure as produced a monetary crisis
°133; yet, it is gratifying to find that the noble Austranian gollte. forms the only exception amongst our leading imports, lostwa s called
huophoand to perform
chiefw a moerltaong'thhoolya
society,
andn They had
Ifveltuisen about eight years since.
of the Mersey fully sustains the pretensions of Liverpool on which the loss has been heavy ; and what makes the fact
extensiveulv stores ofuknoewledgsald made themselves' The return from the Bank of England for the week
'ed Akranic as the first Australian, as it is admittedly the `first the more annoying is, the enormous amount of bullion sent
nearly every discussion at their meetings, and added greatly ending the 20th December gives the following results,
out for the purchase of these Teas, to the serious detriment of
to their interest. He believed many of them would mourn When compared with the previous week:--
Pe-le )k,erican, port in Euro That such is the case will be tip- our money market.
ale 46it from the few annexed facts, taken from the emigration SILK has probably done harm rather than good, with-email in him not only one whom they would be delighted to meet as Public Deposits .. £5,813,932 ; Increase ... £499,179
a member of their society, but also us a private friend—as one
la- laic of the year. The number of vessels despatchedfrom the exceptions. whose hospitality had been remarkable, and whose benevo- Other Deposits ... 12,362,512 ; Increase ... 121,055
I. NDIGO has paid handsome profits to the importer, both to Rest ... ... ..1 3,235,328 ; Increase ... 15,451
]ence made him the benefactor of many of the charitable insti-
es kY, for Australian ports, -during the year has beeneels, with
this country and to France.
letakgregate burthen of 126,452 tons ;while, in 1854, the num- Wool, both from Australia and Bombay, has given a good tutions ofthe town. There had been much centered in Air. On the other side of the •account : 1
,51* Of.as., Yates which should make all who knew him deeply feel his • Government Securities.. £10,425,292; Increase ...t496,095
i,uPs sent out was 194 s and their collective carrying power return -on a large import.
al 82 '0,842 tons. This, for the year, shows a falling off of TlMBER.—Probapy in no at•ticle is the contrast elf the
.two loss. He (Mr. Higgins) was sure that the resolution would Other Securities ...... 19,777,860; Increase ... 673,737
pass_ with unanimous accord. •
hi elle..
tek Vai and, in aggregate burthen, to the extent of 44,590 years so marked as in this—the one being as successful (deals Notes unemployed ....,. 5,963,850; Decrease ... 500,855
excepted) as the previous yeer was disastrous.
that ho
x.eseto second the resolution, observing briefly
could truthfully re-echo all that had been said by the •
The amount of notes in circulation is £18,700,615,
ne eetti The falling off in London, however, has been immea- Those articles also, more directly influenced by the war,being an increase of £320,725, and the-stock of bullion
mover.
of 1)12 greater, amounting, in number of ships, to 286, and, which were noted as paying'well in 1854, have done so again
• • The resolution was then carried unanimously, in both departments is £10,820,143, showing a
1855, such as Tallow, Hemp, and Linseed; whilst the
,11' of -6gregate burthen, to 111,840 tons. The great falling off in
African trade, which was then remarked upon as being pro- MISCL'LLANEOUS.
The Rev. M. Fischall was announced to have been elected jug
decrease of £161,602 when compared 'with the preced-
li "lei in Liverpool, indicated by the preceding numbers bably the most prosperous •of the year, has again retained a
ad as tak a member of the Council. Mr. Hess (of the firm'of Yates and
the ea effect chiefly amongst those owners; who went into front rank. return.
ISSUE DEPARTMENT.
be t. trade if we refer to particular trades, we find the American, good ; Hess) was introduced as a member of the society, and Mr. Notes issued .., Z 24,664,465 Governmt. Debt £11,015,100
~ was -e ec a member.
C. E. Rawlins, jun ' 1 ted
Ise_ more as occasional shippers, and hasbeen compare-
'e bt • - . . North American or Canadian, the same ; South American,Other Securities 3,459,900
Mr. T. C. ARCHER submitted a drawing of 'the microscopic
ere ettnti a little felt "-by those firms who have directed their ,(trazil and West Coast), satisfactory ; Calcutta, a remarkably ' 'Gold coin & bu11'n.10,189,465
appearance of the silicietts spicules of the new specie of sponge
la isten, an exclusively t 0 the business, and have devoted their good year; Bombay. Ceylon, Batavia, and Mauritius, all good :: P Silver hellion ...
Ve.:eionging to the genes Geodes) found by the president, Mr.
er nsi,gelice, their energies, and their eapitaleto the successful •'taken as a whole—China and Australia forming the excep- '
'Robert McAndrew, in deep water off the-coast of Norway; - •
'bons.—Mediterranean, more particularly . . the Levant, a trade . (224,664,465' E24,66e,465
le' 0138 ing out of this great branch of nautical enterprise. This
etas • . Inch a few years since seemed almost extinct, is now most also an unusually large cluster of the fruit cif the oil palm.
els hon unghtsbe fully borne out by reviewing individual -flourishing—indeed the gold of the Allies is
-creating an open- The Rev. Mr. HIG-G,INs exhibited a specimen of vegetable RANKING DEPARTMENT.
si- substance thrown up in a lake near Ellesmere, Shrop-
in Prop. Capital-... 81.4 553 000'Go Securities £10,425,292
„ 1 v.
• • • .
les!' although•it could scarcely be better or less invidiously -lag at Constantinople and the neighbouring districts, im,-'
tofar more lasting than the shire (closely resembling a pile of felt, in the shape of an Rest ... ... 3,235,328 Other Securities 10,777,860
qlltratecl than by:reference to the experience of one or other' mense in extent al likely to be hussar's cap), and -called in the neighbourhood a ' mere's 1 Public Deposits 5,843,932 Notes ... 5,963,850
11 war out of which it has origmated, ancluven the trade with Other Deposits. 12,362,512 Gold & Silver Coin 630,678
(lake's) egg.' A similar specimen, obtained from one of the
e greet AuStmlian shipping houses ampng-
else, . the Baltic, thongheof course much reduced, has not been7-day &otherenlls 802,908
el te' stand those whose superior facilities-of transport have without its profits. Cumberland lakes, was produced from -the museum of the
society.
"Eel for
- throughou
ea to4l r themethe Government contracts for conveying the Amongst our home trades there lias
.-been great activ,
Mr. BLOXIM drew attention to an alleged important dis- 1 £36,797.680 £36,797,680
)37 kfe inailL .Of these, not without due consideration, we feel
in ttwithstanding war and the high price of food , probably_
most prosperous has been the Iron trade—the make --has rcoverfiyed, by. a Belgian. lady, of a process by means of which Oun SEMRE MARKET has been dull and inactive
4, am „Making-e.hoice, for illustration, of .Messrs. Pilkington far exceeded any former year, and yet -the consumption -and mloed to take the im cession of leas
e s and s. p •
.largest m
reliefocruyl tels lee dto
di ens* I)
ions. Reduced-to a t 'the past week; not much real business.
,vd , Nre •
Oe SOn s White Star" line of royal mail packet-ships, export have kept:pace with it ;no doubt-the stimulus given to This evening we close very flat. Caledonian, 261;
in qairt iron shipbuilding by the demand for steam transports and the paste, the Iv-orris run into a mould ',without any pressure,
Eastern Counties, .
th; that they will bear a favourable comparison with new and when it has returned to a solid state, it renders the model 81 1148 4 ; East Lancashire, M-
t° .ps ,
~large contracts for the munitions of seer have greatly eontri- with
SI "4 the trade. In making this selection, we are also, in buted to Wits result. Its ally the Cealtrade, stimulated by the the most .perfect exactness and detail. Having no know- i 7-16 ; Lancashire and Yo. rkshire, 76* 1* i ; Man:
10 ' e degree 'nfluenced by the fact that theirs plendid vessel, same causes, has been little inferior in results. The Manclies-
Seer ' ' ledge of the -process, Mr. Bloxham -said he felt confounded 1 chester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 23-e- f; Midland, 63C-
it e raian " commanded bv Captain Sheridan is the first ter manufacturers, it is true, have not had a successful-year— at seeing '&cts,,religfs of a very large size in a single piece !-I -1 635 North British, 7,5-16 ; South Eastern, 17 1-16
IV ' ''
the price of Cotton, coupled with the high rates of money, pre- of ivory. He noticed that the sculptured sides of the-choir
1 tt,i, mail packet which will, after this day's p ublication leave
' venting them working to a profit, and, had it not been for the at Notre Dame had just been reproduced by this novel and . '
117 - Manchester, Sheffield and Lincoln, preference,
Lee/tribes-for Australia. beautiful method. Some conversation ensued as to the use £lO shares), 134 ;
t unprecedented demand for Turkey, stocks must have . . .
-
" fated. The Silk trade has also beep eanremuneratin but the made ill this -ceuutry of plates of ivo
es;tl the course of last year, the owners of this noble li!itne . . . g, cal cutting, .... .. . . ry produced by cy • sdrin- , lis ' Coms.--The market during the week has been
Dateh Woollen manufacturers have prospered in nearly all -branches or he originat piece. I rather depressed, parUy on account -of the increased
tko, ed fifteen ships, with an aggregate burthen of 522,403 The papetefor the evening was y Mr. TOWSON, "'On the
le—far eso than in 1854. The Shi • ' pping interest has had Instruments :used in their Observations
.by the.- Liver Liverpool I value .6f money, yet occasioned quite as much by the
Nat:ll4l -conveyed 3,173 passenger eof whom, 2,737 were another gooinnsar except perhaps, in cotton freights. Last P . advises received from America intimating very large
Compass Committee." Mr. Towson described mutely the i .
11. as Passengers—that is, parties paying their own passage not least, alte.'Ags'' riculturis, ts cannot-complain; and (he. labour', difficult scientific obstacles encountered in determining the !receipts. Prices of American desciiptions have, con-
d ' ode, •
tral,,_. hug their own ships—and 436 government emi- of the natioiras never more ftille• oet7tdarilteettetrztss variations of the compass. He WAG followed by Mr. Mundell, 1 senetediy, been irregular and slightly lower, the decline
15- ks ‘6 Inenee, the passengers, el 'heth classes, conveyed by ilFlrom the foregoingtthe remarks,
it
muesars of admitted
country, and secretary .ef the Compass Committee, who explained, by 1 reaching from.l-16d.%t0i-d. per lb.,the greater decline
sittiraePilkington and Wilson, numbered 4,660, showing a will rank amongst the prosperous years of this country, and secretary 'ef the Compass Comnneittee, who explained, by reaching from I'l6cL'to *d. per'ib., -the greater decline
that not coliTued to onperucslassolins "'particular, but widely dis- dii:gramsea-series of interesting experiments madeiestthe iron I
sip Sarah Palmer., during her :progress of building,being on the better qualities. The sales during the
y04,44ti0n of:about one-fourth of that number on the ,present seminated through the community. What its snecessor may
atterwaidsswitile being fitted out at Liverpool. and 1 week,%ap to Friday, had only reached 23,720 bales, of
Y oft h 4'4llthe general emigration from Liverpool lias fallen Prove, it is impossible even to conjecturee—peace er war will e I which 1,200 were taken on speculation, and 1,330 for
t mainly determine its character. One thing, however, in its
gorily -a -half, and 'from outer.perte in a still greater de-WITSIC AZCD TILE DRAMA. : export, leaving 21,140 for the trade. To-DAY the
favour, isthecertainty of a most abundant supply-of Cotton—
e,- 'e;s The ;preference thus manifegly conferred on the the best.guftrantee of a large trade and safe prices; though we 40 1 market continued fiat, the supply large and the
being
li weil:4le Stasee line is easily accounted for. The chips are confess we do not look forward to the coming year with so THE JENNY LIND CONCERTS AT TIME demand rather limited. Since Friday the sales are
much confidence as we did the last, simply because of the I about 13,000 bales; •of which 2,000 are for speculation
be IC HALL.
LL
;, 4...1410wn,te first class—sound, fast-sailing, well-found PHILHARMONIC
'lleis deranged state of the money market, and the higher range of N. aid export, without change in price.
o their "nntrasted to the command el captains selected for value attained by many articles. Greatcaution is imperative. AnYnnasprotracted absence from public life, Jenny Lind has
tee eminent nautical skill, gentlemanlike bearing; and The money market has presented some singular features yielded .to :111e general wish and reappeared as the arnament i SALES. zetroters. !COCK
-
L'4l(l 64.___
q --,gment. These qualities have' been displayed by them during the; vet year. For the -fleet eight menthe the supply
kartmost ample, and though loan after loan was announced, and oharnenf musical circles. -.Years have elapsed -and many .K PCR IPTION . I emcee.. Week Previ- Week . •
' Per rways-; and are fully evinced in the cheerfulgeod tem- eventsofeloinestic and of nation] moment have occurred since • This - .
' ending oval ending year. Jan. 4.
wag
appeared to create only a :momentary influence ; and
e'Jan. 4. [Navy. Jan. 4. '
la 'reel/111feet and happiness maintained among 521 PfEsengers, although it- was the season of our heaviest imports and stocks the peopled Liverpool had last-an opportunity.of• gratifying
Y' N.'aPtaineßrown, on board the -"White Star," oe her last of Produce;•the rates of discount steapyjdeelinedfromwfive per their taste hy the thrilling straiee, and of acknowledging their ;-•
:. 4. e.a:kiand
- the age to Melbourne, as these are -recorded in the pages of decline? January to 31 per cent. .n. une. t
_by this gratitudeler the delight afforded by the performances of this nessees lted
Simply because the bullion increased from 12
- ne. White 'Star Journal," kept by the passengers, and millions to 18 millions ; not from the want of 'demand for great vocal artist. Considering the fervour of adoration with !Talaite._
5i 4510' • ) 16555 16555
4sh INew lerieans 3i -513 7710, ....
kee et.. by eehem after their arrival eut; in which hilarity money—the deposit en the ipans,-,the large reqyirements of which she was at all times and in all places welcomed on Pereauns, &c se .Zte 1120 .... 4031 403 21940
.44111. ,vernment Ter the outfit of the -oecond campaign, and the
oeedi 3-,and.zGod feeling were manifested hi every day's pro- go. . former occasions, it was no matter for wonder that the pros- WAR, &C.
1 daily demailac of commerce led to the constant. -report of " a Alarm-than]
akin ilga. Ifetestimony were wanting to • establish nautical poet-of ,her-reappearance in ouriPilharmonic Hall was hailed Deinerarte&c — .... , ..... .... I .... 750
large demand :but an ample supplY"—and yet the circulation
Of ti'l even temper, and sound judgment,' in the- commanders of the riankjeePt remarkably steady, and was the same within with-intense and enthusiastic satisfaction by the elite cf Liver- Egyptianikii B, 5l ei 980 .... .... ... 47310
'Ale
ships, seleh evidence would be furnished in-more than easo,ooo'in January and June, when suddenly the golden pool. Long before Friday, on the evening of which-day she Surat
"650
tide began toelsb from us, and the Whole phase Of matters was was to take the leading part in Handel's sublime -oratorio Madras'
I it, t" Abundance, by the able conduct of Captain Devey, of
es e
ss, Mormaid-," who, on his homeward voyagneunder the changed. " The .Messiah," all the tickets :for the Hall were eagerly Bengal
France had :been overtrading, and the bank-of France, in bought -up; and when the hour for commencing the per-
ttee:— :se__ .e -, e... ..s._ e a:..........4 -4. c.---_____ ~ __ ____,__a ..t.._ --.- t.....n --. .li-A I— . 1,..:11:...,4- ~..,.1 23720 .... 25104 25104 '431000

Past year shOWs a considerable, indeed a great,
is-'13g off in the general trade of emigration. Liverpool has
in that decrease, and particularly in the diminished
effilll of Passengers from the British islands, and from the
„etinent of Europe, to our Australian colonies. For a
't:nution in the tide of emigration, many causes may easily
baadckeed ; the most conspicuous and telling among which
of telly, y been the war. This, by absorbing the surplus
meta' male population, has at once lessened the number of
havelittlrous spirits, who, tired of the monotony of home life,
e formed the bulk of our best emigrants. These, having
had
avt their attention aroused in many ways, have been drafted
peoa3' 13Y the allurements of military ambition, which has
roo•ved more attractive than a colonial life of mingled industry
adventure. While war has been directly the means of
todse•
jalg the number of emigrants, its indirect influence,
te,"llos a scarcity of hands in the labour market at home,
to
4tended still further to withdraw the ordinary inducements
peLlaigration. With this knowledge before us, we were fully
wed to find that emigration, in common with every other
ssil'Of 'commercial enterprise, had sustained a great falling
the "In which it would have been absurd to expect that
bassPaa, senger trade between Britain and Australia should
Wined an exception.
"°ea the returns for the year, we learn that the diminution
ii;b:adt trade has been great at all the emigration ports of the
°l3l ; yet, it is gratifying to find that the noble Australian
to' of the Mersey fully sustains the pretensions of Liverpool
kteran,,,lK as the first Australian, as it is admittedly the `firsttss'ulta, port in Europe. That such is the case will be ap-
tZilt from the few annexed facts, taken from the emigration
1-1:41 of the year. The number of vessels despatched from the
for Australian ports, during the year has been;lls, with
teeakgrega, te burthen of 126,452 tons ; while, in 1854,the num-
ehiPs sent out was 194 s and their collective carrying power
170
82 ,842 tons. This, for the year, shows a 'falling off of
k
teeswpa, and, in aggregate burthen, to the extent of 44,590
tt,a; The falling off in London, however, has been immea.
ifr greater, amounting, in number of ships, to 286, and,
ofs7egate burthen, to 111,840 tons. The great falling off
e, in Liverpool, indicated by the preceding numbers
the ""(en effect 'chiefly -amongst those owners-who went into
ti,:rtde more as occasional shippers, and has' been compare-
at sly little felt by those firms who have directed their
ist ntion exclusivelylo the business, and have devoted their
wo:sq,igenee, their energies, and their capitalsto the successful
ohe'lag out of this great branch of nautical enterprise. This
des;
inightsbe fully borne out by reviewing individual
tilosest; althoughit could scarcely be better or less invidiously
a rated than by :reference to the experience of one or other*
ths
tell; great AuStralian shipping houses, conspicuous =pug
sell' Stand those whose superior facilities- of transport have
te,l.ed for themethe Government contracts for conveying the
Of these, not without due consideration, we feel
am Making-Choice, for illustration, of .Messrs. Pilkington
stai..'trilson's--"-White Star" line of royal mail packet-ships,
that they will bear a favourable.comparison with -any
li"in the trade. In making this selection, we are also, in
me degree, influenced by the fact that their splendid vessel,
commanded by Captain Sheridan, is the first
this`4mail packet which will, after this day's publication;leave
e(aintr-ss- for Australia.
tie, the course of last year, the owners of this noble "line "
„Li
to pa shed fifteen ships, with an aggregate burthen of .22,403
iSsva„. azia. ccrnveyed 3,173 passengers s, of whom, 2,737 were
ski 'e Passengers—that is, parties paying their own passage,
Nselecting their own ships—and 456 government emi-
tS. 1n51854, the passengers, of •beta classes, conveyed by
itoare•Pilkington and Wilson, numbered 4,660, showing a
heeibltion of:about one-fourth of that number on the, resent
of : 47hilethe general emigration from Liverpool lies fallen
bee'early •a half, and from other pests in a still greater de-
"I: The ;preference thus manifestly conferred on the
qe`fie
Stars" line is easily accounted for. The ships are
Nallown to be first class—sound, fast-sailing, well-found
alit., -"entrusted to the command of captains selected for
10140 eminent nautical skill, gentlemanlike bearing; and
t,,.`1--itirlgcnent. These qualities have' been displayed by them
ks.--"Twayas and are fully evinced in the cheerful trod tem-
by'Zltifort, and happiness maintained among 521 passengers,
tc'aPtain:Beown, on board the -"White Star," on her last
tbeage to Melbourne, as these are -recorded in the pages of
'Star Journal," kept by the passengers, and
toske•
ued by them after their arrival out; in which hilarity
ee,4,4,alid.:gGod feeling were manifested in every day's pro-
tieing% If testimony were wanting to establish nautical
Of t, men temper, and sound judgment; in the commanders
tez eae ships, such evidence would be furnished in-more than
th..P're Abundance, by the able conduct of Captain Devey, of
Mermaid;" who, on his homeward voyage,,ounder the
t trying circumstances, maintained the thorough confi-
ee Of passengers and crew, andoo successfully resisted
:tempts at eoercion, on the part of:Her Majesty's Consul
thrnanibuoo, ,as to elicit the warmest commendation from
e e
stushiPovvnerssand underwriters of London and Liverpool, to
%toste the thanks of his owners, and to maintain the
alit 'dished reputation of the " White Star ". line as possessing
Of the very, best construction.
aktde admirablessailing qualities of these noble vessels, for
• and safetysas well as comfort, have heen repeatedly ac-
-"evvlea
edged .by all-Olasses of passengers who have made the
teoe in them outwards or inwards ; and their character as
2,0 °Oats is further manifested by the ,established ,and still
gsotwil;lg estimation, in which they are held by shippers of
ose • In regard.tosuch matters as these last referred to
stiller two facts plainly stated are worth a bushel of epielons,
Th 'llgh garnished with all the sophistical powers of eloquence.
4:White Star" carried, out the largest, and the "
4," at her last departure, took the most valuable cargo ever
111,1)1/ed in a single vessel, from Great Britain for Australia.
bot:Rennaid" made: the passage from Liverpool to Mel-
ts:4e in 74 days 14 hours, and in that voyage completed a
kir 3,200 nautical miles in 13 successive days. The ".Red
eiLet" made thecquickeat ,voyage on record from Liverpoolto
kCittrne, performing the eutire distance in 69 days 10 hours,
e,44 returned to Liverpoolafter an absence of only five months
The tea, days, including the time she was detained abroad
rti*. Shalimar" raise home from Melbourne in 75 ,days,
iselg the voyage out and back in 6 mouths and 14 days,
eoteti4, ag the time she lay at Melbourne. The " Arabian'
too4teted a voyage to Melbourne and back to Liverpool in 6
foe 4 '8 and 17 days, althanglashe was detained 35 days at the
el',Port. The "Sardinian,"-which is new to the Lustre-
ltse t'ade of Liverpool, and is likewise a new vessel, is well
kretwil. as :a fast and easy Railing ship, having performed her
ket °°Yane from Halifax to Liverpool in 10 days ; from this
tt she returned to America, snakingthe voyage to New York
1
Of N. dal% (irate of sailing not easily paralleled in the records
Olko'lne Achievement ; and on the voyage from San Fran-
Icew-Yerk she made the run in such a style as to
1)411),ae the marvellous sailing of the "Sovereign of the Seas,"
the eon the same ports. It cannot be necessary, except for
tstolitirPose of avoiding confusion, to say that all the vessels
Nt(in, except the "Sovereign of the Seas," belong t ) Messrs.
AIN- gton and Wilson's " White Star" line of Australian
kali Were it desirable to appeal to further facts in illustra-
ef the greateaceilence of the establishedlines of clipper
east Piling between Liverpool and Australia, these might
stse be furnished. :In such a case it might he deemed
"seat to point to •the marvellous double voyage of the
)CO Polo," twice from Liverpool to Melbourne, and twice
14.44,' Within the brief period of one year ; to make general
ottil°ll to the beautiful proportions and vast carrying capacity
lit'geh...4 Donald Mackay ;" the " Champion of the Seas," also,
141,47. symmetrical lines and luxurious accommodation,would
Rl4ll another evidence of the high pitch of excellence to
ht,,,,,nthe combination of skill and,enterprise has brought the
*osi: of 'the first-class Australian passenger trade. Nor
lef such an enumeration, if gone into, be complete without
ePliee to the ships of Mr. Walthew's
an~Aroverb asseres us that "one swallow does not make a
ineo!ler," and it is probably right that the public should
toss to in conferring a decided preference on isolated per-
helices ; but in the face of so numerous an array of well-
44teaticated nautical facts as belong to the Australian
itis °f Liverpool, of which the preceding are merely samples,
Lbert not wonderful that the public confidence should be so
for tbally accorded to that noble fleet, nor is it unreasonable
he sese leading commercial and other authorities of the port io
%41-,:ticl of such achievements. The pride thus naturally ex-
Whi h's the best- guarantee for a continuance of the efforts by
shede such advantages and such a character have been estab.
'4ftse:, 13Y maintaining a justifiable emulation the public
tels.,-'ra" are served, while individual enterprise is fostered and
sed.

114°1711
tth b. AVA.I. TRANSPORT SERVICE.--Whatever regret may
04, PI felt by the country on account of the shortcomings
"14(11. "leoutive our generals, or our admirals, such feelings
eillot be applied to the services performed by the vessels
1144i6+ ed thetransport service, more especially the steam
4141,111 them. Judging from the number of sailing vessels
Ire been towed by this fleet, the number of troops h
of
Tres comeed without accident, and the amount o
Ctlb horses carried without delay or loss, the services of
et,
of be
ode our marine have been prodigious, and
.mayt
6-4ee as a gratifying symbol of the ability and in elli-
qe.4lle vrasses,essed thecom.manders and officers employed.
4 naer, to alone, the Niagara, of the Canard line of
ti 5.43,„ 'O, America, under the command of Captain
..Neil
au, during a period of thirteen months, besides
ott,'argo sailing transports, conveyed to the Black Sea
leetatiwedlq9loll, 11,963 men, 3,000 tons of stores, and 762 horses,
to this immense traffic, Capt. Shannon conveyed
i,eloC„-r‘ngland and Ireland, during less than andonths,
'll4 -s' 14) ge3 974 men 1180 CllildrelB,ooo
of stores. ; men, wo

If we refer to particular trades, we find the American, good ;
worth American or Canadian, the same ; South American,
;(trazil and West Coast), satisfactory; Calcutta, a remarkably
good year; Bombay, Ceylon, Batavia, and Mauritius, all good
taken as a whole—China and Australia forming the excep-
lions.—Mediterranean, more particularly the Levant, a trade
"which a few years since seemed almost extinct, is now most
'flourishing—indeed the gold of the Allies is-creating an open-
ing at Constantinople and the neighbouring districts, im-
mense in extent arid likely to be far more lasting than the
war out of which it has originated, and even the trade with
the Baltic, thongh,of course much reduced, has not been
without its profits.
Amongst our home trades there has been great activity,
notwithstanding the war and the high price of food ; probably
the most prosperous has been the Iron trade—the make--has
far exceeded any former year, and yet -the consumption .and
export have kept:pace with it ; no doubt-the stimulus given to
iron shipbuilding by the demand for steam transports and the
large contracts for the munitions of fiver have greatly contri-
buted to this result. Its ally the Coaltrade, stimulated by the
same causes, has been little inferior in results. The Manches-
ter manufacturers, it is true, have not had a successful'year—
the price of Cotton, coupled with the high rates of money, pre-
venting them working to a profit, and, had it not been for the
unprecedented demand for Turkey, stocks must have-necumu-
lated. The Silk trade has also been,unremunerating, but the
Woollen manufacturers have prospered in nearly all branches
—far more so than in 1854. The Shipping interest has had
another goottrar, except, perhaps, in cotton freights. Last,
not least, -the Agriculturists cannot-complain; and -the labour
of the nation-was never more fully occupied, or better paid.
From the foregoing remarks, it must be admitted that 1855
will rank amongst the prosperous years of this country, and
that not confined to one class in particular, but widely dis-
seminated through the community. What its soccessor may
prove, it is impossible even to conjecture,—peace or war will
mainly determine its character. One thing, however, in its
favour, is.the certainty of a most abundant supply of Cotton—
the bestguermitee of a large trade and safe prices; though we
confess we do not look forward to the coming year with so
much .confidence as we did the last, simply because of the
deranged state of the money market, and the higher range of
value attained by many articles. Greatcaution is imperative.
The money market has presented some singular features
during the;past year. For the first eight monthe the supply
was most ample, and though loan after loan was announced,
they appeared to create only a :momentary infinence ; and
although it-was the season of sur heaviest imports and stocks
of produce the rates of discount steadily declinedlrom five per
cent. in January to 31 per cent. in June. Bat why this
decline.? Simply because the -million increased from 12
millions to 18 millions ; not from the want of demand for
money—the deposit on the loans, the large requirements of
government for the outfit of the-second campaign, and the
daily demarlck of commerce led to the constant: report of " a
large demand:hut an ample supply'"—and yet the circulation
of the Banklept remarkably steady, and was the same within
£lso,ooo'in January and June, when suddenly the golden
tide began toitlib from us, and the Whole phase Of matters was
changed.
France had been overtrading, anti the bank,of France, in
the vain endeavour to keep her rate of discount.at four per
cent., alloivedher coffers to be so drained of Million that she
must get a supply at any cost, anti made a-contract with
Messrs. Rothschilds for £4,000,000, which was supplied from
this country. sTo stop this and other drains the Bank began
in September to put on the screw—compelled to do so, of
course, by the-act of 1844 to check their. circulation of notes
in proportion totheir declining stock of bullion. In six weeks
(from 6th September to 18th October) they raised their rates
from 31 per cent. to seven, and what did they effect by it ?
The circulation of notes actually increased £510,000, from
£20,104,000 to -220,648,000, whilst the bullion, on the con-
trary, continued to decrease at a more,rapid rate than before.
But how fareclthe commercial public? Everyhanker armed
himself with a reserve, and parted with his notes so grudgingly,
as to create a famine in the midst of plenty. The _average
circulation of the bank for the first six months of the year was
£19,672,000, with abundance of money, at rates steadily de-
clining from 5 to 3f per cent.; for the last six months the
average circulation has been £19,985,000, with money appa-
rently scarce and difficult to get, at advancing rates, from 3f
to 7 per cent., and the stocks of produce diminished to their
lowest point. But-this is only half the picture, for not only
has the actual circulation of bank notes been £310,000
greater, but, from the moment the rate of .interest•exceeded
five per cent., bankers' bills have circulated in payments of
every kind, to a much greater extent than hank °notes, and to
their substitation.
There have been -few-years recently whenthecommerce of
the country has gone on with greater uniformity as to supply
and demand. Imports and exports are alike steady and mo-
derate, undertrading rather than overtrading, no heavy stocks
and no lengthened speculations : if, then, with such a sound
state of things, commerce is to be taxed with a double, rate of
interest, what may we expect, in the course of the next few
months, when our unusually large imports of cotton, corn,
sugar, &c., will be :load by epic& large loans and government
demands or a campaign dOuble in extent of what we have yet
keen both in this country and France ? and how far will the
bank be allowed to raise the rate of discount, should the drain
of gold continue, before an expedient be resorted to, to relax
:the metallic law ?
The bullion has again 'decreased, and the year closes .at
£10,820,143 ; reserve of notes, £5,963,850 ; notes in circula-
tion, £18,1700,015.

D,nuNNENNEss AND DanosEsTy.—Winifred Ferguson, a
wretched looking girl, stole a shawl from the shop door of
Messrs. Robertson and Mason, drapers, &c., Old Haymarket,
on Saturday night. She was brought up at the Police-court
yesterday, when she pleaded that she was so drunk that she
did not know what she was doing. It appearing that she
was affected by drink at the time of the robbery, she was sen-
tenced to, II week's imprisonment only.

Arruutarprotracted absence from public life, Jenny Lind has
yielded to.the general wish and reappeared as the ornament
and oharm-of musical circles. :Years have elapsed and many
events ofidetnestic and of nationfd moment have occurred since
the peopled Liverpool had last an opportunity ef gratifying
their taste icy the thrilling strains, and of acknowledging their
gratitudeler the delight afforded by the performances of this
great vocal artist. Considering the fervour of adoeation with
which she was at all times and in all places welcomed on
former occasions, it was no matter for wonder that the pros-
pect of .herreappearance in our 3Pilharmonic Hall was hailed
withintense. and enthusiastic satisfaction by the elite cf Liver-
pooL Long before Friday, on the evening of which-day she
was to take the leading part in Handel's sublime oratorio
" The Messiah," all the tickets- for the Hall were eagerly
bought ,up; and when the hour for commencing the per-
formances arrived, the noble hall. was filled by a brilliant and
fashionable audience.
As the leading artists made, their appearance on the plat-
form they were severally greeted,with plaudits of appropriate
welcome, and when Madame Jenny Goldschmidt Lind entered
she was received with the warmest applause, not unmingled,
it might be, .with feelings of regret .at witnessing an appear-
ance of illhealth, or, at all events, a.,seeming carewornuess of
aspect, and, as some in their anxiety believed, a degree of
physical debility in her general demeanour.
The noble and expressive overtuse, was played in beautiful
style, and the.recitatives and choruses, together with the won-
derful Pastoral Symphony, were all given in a graceful.and
highly satisfactory manner ; but expeetation was obviously
fixed on the performance of Madame Ooldschmidt, and when
she rose to give the recitative " There were shepherds abidieg
in the field," all was breathless attention. The first few notes
of this gave indication of a huskiness „of intonation, which
marred to someextent the flowing melody of her rich, clear
voice ; but as ahe went on, and the careful and expressive read-
ing of her authenhecame more developed,, the wonderful power
of the vocalist and the surpassing clanuof the accomplished
artist triumphed over every disadvantage, and completely van-
quished every obstacle to entire snex„ess. In the air "Rejoice
greatly, 0 daughter of Zion," her execution was not quite so
felicitous. It appeared more of an effort, andassumed in some
degree the character of a performance. Coming from an
ordinary singer, it would have been wonderful, but from Jenny
Lind it did not realize expectation. Whatever disappoint-
ment may have been experienced in the case referred to, was
more than compensated for by her delightfnl rendering of the
difficult yet enchantingly expressive air, "Come unto him, all
ye that labour and areheavy laden," and in the .words "and
he will give you rest." In the execution of this air, the
comforting and deeply -felt assurance of promised " rest"
was conveyed in a manner which thrilled the innermost
recesses of the heart, :impressing the listeuer with tranquil
hope and joy. In the recitative He was cut eff," , and the
air "But thou didst not .leave," the art of the accomplished
musician and the inspiration of genius were both charmingly
displayed. All of the pieces alamed were sung with the ,most
touching simplicity of feeling and devotional earnestness.; but
the great feature of the ,evening was the marvellous singing
of Madame Goldschmidt in the sublime air which opens the
third part of the oratorio, "I kpow that my Redeemer liveth."
It is difficult, if not impossible, .to conceive anything more in-
dicative of purity of thought—mere nobly elevating in senti-
ment—or more truly devotional in feeling than were the
.emotions called forth and embodied in her rendering of this
piece. She imparted a depth of meaning to the words and
music of this divine composition ,such as no other artist, of
whom we have any knowledge, can approach. The audience
remained spellbound while listening to the strains which
seemed more celestial than sublunary_; and at its conclusion.,
as if awaking from a delightful dream, .they gave expression
to their feelings in an irrepressible outburst of applause. The
concluding air If God be for us," was .another wonderful
and triumphant combination of art and genius. It was a
finished study ,of xousical art, rendered with:a depth of expres-
sion which art elene can never give. The charms (for they
are numerous) of Madame Goldschmidt's singing consist
chiefly in her fidelity and her fine perception in the reading of
her author—her delicacy of feeling—and the earnestness of
her expression.
To Miss Heywood, who made her first appearance in Li-
verpool on Friday evening, it is doing but scant justice to say
that she is a contralto singer of great excellence and much
promise. She is careful and pleasing in her style, and, on the
whole, made a highly favourable impression. Her rendering
of the splendid air "He was despised and rejected of men"
was a success of which any singer might well be proud, It
was full of expressive pathos. She was also very effective in
her recitative, Then shall the eyes of the blind," and in the
air "He shall feed his flock." In addition to her vocal
qualities, which are excellent, Miss Heywood has a pre-
possessing manner, which, from its unobtrusiveness, wins upon
the audience, and secures the approbation which her first
appearance is calculated to excite.
Of Mr. Lockey and Mr. Weiss, whose vocal talents are
well known and appreciated here, it is not necessary to say
more than that they fully sustained the reputation they have
established for themselves.
The performances of the orchestra and chorus were in the
highest degree commendable—they were steady, efficient, and
powerful, without being obtrusive—and the style in which
the oratorio was conducted by M. Jules Benedict was the
theme of just and general commendation.
THE MISCELLANEOUS CONCERT, LAST NlGHT.—Madame
Jenny Goldschmidt Lind and the choral and instru-
mental performers, who took part in the "Messiah,"
together with Mr. Joseph Robinson, of Dublin, and with
Mr. Goldschmidt as solo piano-forte player, gave a miscel-
laneous concert in the Philharmonic-hall last night, on
which occasion the hall was even more crowded, and the
audience, if possible, more enthusiastic than on Friday night.
The late hour, bordering so closely as it does on the time of
our publication, prevents the possibility of offering any re-
marks upon it in detail.

NOTWINCi, THAT TURNED OUT TO BE SOMETHING.—Hugh
J. Wallace, a man in the garb of a mechanic, was brought up
at the Police-court yesterday, by Police-officer 761, on suspi-
cion of having stolen a shawl. At an early hour in the morn-
ing the officer met him in Richmond-row, and observing
something rather bulky under his coat, asked " What have
you there ?" " Oh, nothing !" replied the fellow. "Do you
call this nothing?" said the officer, pulling a fine -shawl out.
The man could give no satisfactory account as to how he came
in possession of the property, and he was therefore remanded
for inquiry.
THOMAS'S SHILLING CONCERTS.—The —The fourth season of
these interesting and delightful concerts commences, 'in the
Philharmonic-hall, this .evening. As hi the former instances,
they are to extend over four weeks, and, during their .con-
tinuance, extraordinary novelties and attractions will be pro-
duced. These will include a succession of eminent vocalists,
and solo instrumental performers of great excellence, among
whom are Madame Amedei,and Miss P. Horton, who will give her
personation of Puck, in the " Midsummer Night's Dream, "
which will be produced with all the music composed for it by
Mendelssohn. In short, the selection of the music, and the
celebrity of the artistes engaged, while indicating the good
taste and enterprise of Mr. Thomas, establish his claim to
public patronage.
CITAMBES or COMMERCE.—The monthly meeting of the
council was held yesterday. The President announced that
two vacancies had occurred at the board. One by the decease
of Mr. A. W. Powles; and the other by the resignation of
Mr. Cross. To supply these vacancies Mr. Joshua Dixon and
Mr. Thomas Sellar wen, unanimously elected. The proceed-
ings of the committee on the Monte Videan Loan of 1845
were read and adopted. They comprised a recommendation
that a further letter should be sent to the Foreign-office, in
reply to the proposal submitted for the settlement of the claims
under that loan. A letter was read from the Earl of Claren-
don, stating that the subject of abolishing the Danish Sound
dues was occupying the attention of Government : also, one
from the Steam-ship Association, appointing Mr. Robert La-
mont the deputy to the council for the current year. It was
referred to the committee on communications to make the
necessary arrangements for the annual general meeting at the
commencement of the next month.
A LAMB THRICE LED TO THE SLAZGHTER.—George Lamb,
a jolly tar, in his way quite a nautical swell, was brought up
at the Police-court yesterday, by Inspector Horn, charged
with having three wives living. The inspector said he appre-
hended the tender-hearted Lamb immediately on his stepping
ashore from America, on Saturday night, the women having
previously instructed him to do so. Mr. Bluck here stated
that he appeared for the prisoner, and it would be better to
adjourn the case for a day or two. Inspector Horn.: " All the
three wives are here, sir," pointing to a group of good-looking
women near him. Mr. Bluck : " Well, bless their dear little
hearts, let them stop there !" (Laughter.) The case was
accordingly adjourned to complete the evidence. It is stated
that the prisoner, who was mate of a vessel, and pretty well
off, married his first wife, Bridget Macdonald, at St. John's
Church, in this town, on the 11th of August, 1845, and his
third wife, Jane Harris, at St. Peter's Church, in this town,
on the 23rd February, 1855, his second wife having " fixed"
him in America, in the interval between the first and third
marriage, about the year 1848.

A BROKEN HEART.—BREAKING WINDOWS.—Mary Ann
Higginson, a haggard-looking young woman, with sad traces
of sorrow in her whole appearance, was charged at the Police-
court yesterday with breaking- five panes of glass and
damaging a venetian blind at the house of Mr. Richard Ross,
No. 8, St. Mary's-place. The complainant stated that the
prisoner came to his house on Saturday evening and demanded
money. On his refusing to give her any, she became very
violent, and inflicted the injury on his property already men-
tioned. The prisoner, in her defence, said that she lived with
the complainant a few years ago as his servant and had a
child by him. Being very destitute, she had gone to his house
on Saturday to ask for a little support, and on his peremptorily
refusing to give her anything, and threatening to drive her
away from the house, she certainly committed what had been
charged against her. Mr. Mansfield said that what she had
stated was no excuse for her conduct, and she must pay 255.,
the amount of damage done, or go to gaol for two months.
She went to gaol.

•PaonucE.—The •-Sugar market opened with a dull
aspeet, and the trade have shown little disposition to
purchase, and few sales have been effected. In Coffee,
a steady trade has been done, without leading to a
change in prices. For Molasses lower rates have been
accepted, and but little has been done in Cocoa,or
Spices. Tea has met with only a slight demand,
although some of the scented kinds met purchasers.
TO-DAY the inquiry for Sugar continued very limited,
the sales being confined to 65 hhds. Demerara at
425, 20 hhds. Antigua of 448, and 20 hhds. 35 brls.
Porto ,Rico at 45s to 47s fid per cwt. Nothing has
occurred in Molasses, Rum, or Coffee, The business
concluded in Tea has been small, and prices are with-
out change. 700 bags broken Bengal Rice are re-
ported at 13s 9d, and 60 tierces Carolina at 30s per
cwt. Of Saltpetre, 100 bags have been disposed of at
:36s per cwt. for 5 per cent. refraction. ,Of the Rape-
seed offered by auction, 700 bags with all faults found
buyers, at about previous rates.
WooL.—We have no new feature to notice in the
wool market this week ; the demand for low foreign
wools.of most descriptions is pretty brisk, and prices
firm, with very limited stocks of most sorts. Our
public sales are fixed to commence on the 15th instant,
when about 10,000 bales of sundry descriptions will be
brought forward, consisting of about 7,000 bales East
India, and 3,000 low foreign wools ; and, in the inte-
rim, we do not expect any large amount of business
will be done, Imports for the week :-2,5-75 ballots
Peruvian, 424 bales East India, 776 Australian, 267
Mediterranean, 115 Portugal, 22 Irish, and 2 Coast-
wise. Total, 1,881.