The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1885-05-16 00:00:00

NEW ORDERS OF OCCUPATIONS.

Turneut's words—" The old order changeth,
siring place to new," are applicable to the
oecupatious by means at which milliois
?mike a livelihood no less than to national
manners and CZIiICIII*, institutions and
laws. The progrese' of civilisation creates
new wants, and new wauts give a stimulus
to scientific genius, resulting in marvellous
mechanical inventions, which produce fresh
developments of industrial skill and energy,
and provide additional openings for the ex-
pansion el manufacttuiug and commercial
euterprise. The present century has wit-
nessed new advances in all directions, which
rendered obsolete, in connection with mans'
matters the methods of business practiced
by our slow-paced forefathers. In thebeginn-
ing pf the Queen's reign railways were but in
their infancy, and the vast network of lines, i
si.ow extending to the remotest parts of the 1
country, and encircling and intersecting the
metropolis has provided employment not
only for the ahoulderers of pickaxe and
shovel, but for the great 1. rray of secretaries,
superintendents, trails-managers, inspectors,
station- =asters, clerks, signalmen, pointsmen
platelayers, engine-drivers and stokers,
guards, porters. and ticket-collectors, But
Sits application of steam power to the work-
ilig of inaehinery and tothepurposes of loco.
'notion was only the forerunner of other in-
ventions- and discoveries, wonderful alike in
their conception and rebults, which have
fetnished yet more openings for the constant
exercise of active brains and skilled hands.
Foremost among these is the electric tele-
graph, in comparison with which all the
ancient wonders of the world may be con-
sidered tame; and amongst others may be
inentione4 photography, the application of
electricity to lighting and locomotion, the
introduction of improved machinery in con-
nection with agriculture and the use of steel
sad ire* in the construction of ships. All
the advanoee made by mechanical science
beeefieially affect the cause of industry and
improye the condition of the great army of
workers b 7 extending the field of their op-
perstion, just as wise and well-timed legis-
lative measures, by redressing grievances and
eactferring privileges, diffused the spirit of
*oaten intent throughout the land. Foresight
is needed to estimate the good results, in the
way of proinoting prosperity, that are likely
to tow from new inventions, and this was
wasting in the operatives wha, when steam
power was first introduced as a motive
power, along with improved and enlarged
machinery, in Bradford, Leeds, and other
important manufacturing towns, resorted to
acts of violence, ignorantly imagining that
they were about to be deprived of the means
of livelihood. The prosperous condition of
these towns now, _where the working popu-
lation has increased by very many thousands
strikingly shows bow crude were their
- notions and fallacious their fears. Similarly
when railway-making was in its initiatory
-Stages, there were plenty who thought only
of the unhappy forthcoming fate of the
drivers and guards of mail and stagecoaches
and the owners of coaching establishments,
not forgetting the landlords of the familiar
readsiAe inns where horses were changed, or
their etaff of ostlers, waiters, and servants,
Name of whom had grown grey in the service
of their respective Crown and Anchor,
Whesteheaf, or Black Bull signboards. A. 5
turarde railways, it is difficult indeed to con-
'sive what the vast array- of employees con-
nected with them could get to do if a sad-
den reactionary movement of the public
mind sheuld clamour for a revival of the old
traveling system. The effect of railways.
apart from their inns-ease utility in the rapid
oreaturoyftuoir of raseonffore and goods, P.Bl.
"bees to *mate a body of officials, astonishing
in their numbers, who can only retain their
situation' by the exercise of unremitting
vigilance, eativity, and promptness in the
discharge of their duties. Their calling is
in itself an education which makes them
- *ore energetic men than they would have
been if they had gone into ordinary hum-
*---at occupations. It is true that ticket-
are,. 1 aollecters seem to have an easy
.t"kors sau,
~.... 3 'hat porters are not
._ . -+ idly about
enough t.-- 4 it' f-n,:14,,i' - i-- ' to •
"ins;
be eec.:_ -Ottitiebb
tuarette 'e tbe intervals betittaet ta-........
platforms u-. -as a rule, whethei their
but the officiate, . . -aith the station offices,
dutiele are connected N._ - have abundance
the platforms, or the trains,. • A ifficult to
of active work on hand, and it is more
peroeive .- any post attended with
•axiety st4tesportsibility than that of the
saint:ails his box. A shrill blast from
the itintal's horn, clearing a free passage in
the middle of the road or street for the
Royal mail rattling four-in-hand team, re-
lieved the strain of *constant watchfulness
that might . Otherwise have pncicered the
strong featured face of the thick-clad driver;
but the signalman, in order to avoid the
danger of disastrous collisions, can trust to
nothing 'hut the sharp look-out of his own
pair. ' of eyes. The working of the telegraph
saute= also, which has vastly quickened the
pace of business, gives employment to whole
legions of skilled operators, belonging to
both *axes, whose labours were preceded by
those ef the. strong force of pioneers who
stretched the wonderful web of wires to all
the foolots Of the compass and led the sub-
marines tables that enable the electric
message' to shoot with lightning aimed,
fathoms deep,.from island to island, and from 1
one continent toannther, separated by thous-
ands of legions of rolling sea The experts who,
after undergoing a coarse of training, attain
the highest positions in the telegraph de-
Partneeek of the chief poet-offices, require to
have well-oultivated minds, and this remark-
able invention, which has created an alto-
gether new industry, may accordingly be
credited with giving a distinct stimulus to
easeation. Photography is another inven-
tion whinit, besides forming an interesting
and valuable addition to modern industries,
helps largely in the cultivation of the artistic
e,e4,. This is evident from the progress it
hat: u ade in fineness of execution, from the
time it was first introduced, and became a
p Tatar branch of what
_may be called
B .i.,settific art. In the colouring of photo-
grar,.6
numbers of young ladies find a profit-
_ able occupation, and • more pleasing one
_ than working the treadles of sewsng-
= "anachines, or stitch, stitch, stitching all the
tears of:the svear
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