The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1878-02-16 00:00:00

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_

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• ••; 47(i. Y.l9`f

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_
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1878,

THE FLEETS AT CONSTANTINOPLE.

The Turkish capital at the present time
occupies a position unique even in its long and
chequered history. The outposts of the
Russian army have occupied the lines of the
defences, and are only twenty or thirty miles
from the city which has been so long coveted
by successive Czars as a splendid prize always
to be kept in view. Of course the conditions
of the armistice will not allow the Russians to
advance; but it can be terminated at three
days' notice, and after what has lately
happened, no one would be surprised if the
Muscovite forces actually entered and took
possession of the place. So much for Con-
stantinople on the land side. But it is also
open to the sea, and there, in the Bosphorus,
the navies of more than one European Power
have applied for Permission .to anchcr,
Nominally the ironclalls would be there for
the protection of the lives- of the Christian
population in case of a fanatical rising on the
part of ths Mussulmans, but really there is
another purpose in view, and that is to prevent
Russia from becoming an all-absorbing, all.
conquering Power in Europe. The possession
of Constantinople would be, in the hands of
an unscrupulous State, the mastery of the
world. So long as it remains with the Turks
no harm can be done. They are powerless for
mischief, and if they attempted it, would soon
be brought to their senses. But for a colossi!
empire like Russia to be placed in a position
where she could command two continents, and
dominate the navigation of two seas—the
Mediterranean and the Black Sea--would be
such a menace to the safety of the other
States and to the freedom of the world, that
no one can wonder that the European Powers
have tacitly determined to prevent it. They
would act in the same way if England, France,
or Italy attempted anything of the same kind
They would be bound to do so in self-defence.
There is only one way of communication be-
tween the Black Sea and the Mediterranean,
and that way is past Constantinople tlrough
the Bosphorus, over the Sea of Marmora, and
through the narrow straits of the Dardanelles,
which are commanded by the castles of Sestos
and Abydos. A selfish, graspisg, and un-
scrupulous Power might take it into its head
so to restrict the navigation as to inflict the
greatest injury upon the commerce of the
whole world. It might prevent the passage of
any ships other than its own through the
straits, and virtually *exclude two great seds
from all but the narrowest. trading intercourse.
It is because the other Powers or Europe do
nut wish to have to deal with great troubles as
these that there is a virtual agreement amongst
such of them as have any considerable mer-
cantile marine that the Russians must be kept
to their own frozen capital in the north, and
that the double-headed eagle must not be per-
mitted to raise its head amid the mosques and
minarets of sunlit Constantinople.
With the projected despatch of the fleets the
Eastern Question has passed into a new and it
may be hoped a final phase. The presence of
foreign men-of-war in Turkish waters would
have an international aspect. The Powers
desire their ironclade there to show that on one
point they are to some extent united. But it
will be at the Conference table that the diverse
interests of the various nations in this com-
plicated Eastern Question will be remarkably
conspicuous. Something has lately been said
about the expediency of Great Britain and
Austria cultivat'.ng a good understanding in
connection with this matter. But Austria is a
house of cards; its empire is composed of
heterogenous peoples which cannot be welded
into a compact nation; and while Great
Britain has always been the friend of oppressed
nationalities, Hungary, Lombardy, and Venetia
do not toll the same story of Austria. The
numerous bearings en the conclusion of peace,
to which Austria attaches weight, are matters
with which England has little or no concern,
while the interests which are of vital im-
portance to this country are things of com-
parative indifference to Austria. It is not by
an alliance of this kind that we shall make any
headway at the Conference table. If we are
to protect our own interests, we muat do it for
' ourselves and by ourselves. Wherever the
British Fleet goes there the British nation
may truly enough be said to be ; and it is
only right that England should be present
at a spot where the destinies of two con-
tinents are about to be decided. Our repre-
sentative at the Conference ought at such a
crisis to be able to speak in the na-Lae of an un-
divided people. .