The Dorset County Express and Agricultural Gazette.
Dorchester, Dorset, England, 1865-06-06 00:00:00

THE BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND
hiEEtING AT HEREFORD.

The entries for stock, implements, and machinery,
are said to exceed those of any bygone meeting of the
society. Of machinery in motion the entries number
some forty-six, or otte-third more than were displayed
at Bristol; whilst no less than ninety horse boxes,
admirably adapted for the reception r..f that attractive
portion of all agricultural exhibitions, tell of the
numbers entered. Of cattle, the "red, with white
face," will look proudly at their numerical strength.
In the part allotted to manufactures there will be a
grand display of Honiton lice, and for the first time
premiums to the amount of £6O are offered by the
society for those productions of the We.,t of England.

CUTTING OFF THE FIOHNB OF CATTLE. —The Society
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is clearly not
unneeded among us. It appears that by cutting off the
horns of cattle, • less development of the muscles and
coarse parts of the neck is the result, and corresponding
increase of nutriment. There is thus a direct summer-
cial gain by the alteration effected. By a skilful
veterinary surgeon the horns can readily be taken off
without inflicting pain ; whereas, unskilfully done, the
most exquisite torture is occasioned. At the Blanchard's-
town petty sessions, the other day, • charge was pre-
ferred against a Mr. Benneay, for having sut off the
horns of a number of cattle, his property, thereby
causing the animals extreme pain. After discussion the
case was dismissed, on the technical difficulty of proving
ownership. The opinion of the Court, however, as to
She criminality of the act was very plainly shown.

GLADSTONE'S HALFPENNY PEE QUART.—CONspialOtll
above the rest is the assertion that the Malt-Tax
enhances the price of his beer to the consumer only
one halfpenny per quart. Now considering that the
price of a quarter of good malting barley is 325., and
that the duty on malting the same is 21s. 6d., it is very
clear that the price of the barrel of beer, and conse-
quently of each of the quarts which go to make it must
be enhanced through the pressure of the Malt-Tax
exactly one-third. We are far from wishing it to be
supposed that were the tax repealed to-morrow the
great brewer, much less the publican, would reduce the
article to that extent But every person brewing at
home would be able to drink his beer for just two-
thirds of what it now costs him; and without doubt
the numbers so using the cheapened malt would
multiply exceedingly. Compare this with the benefit
secured to the consumer of tea by the redaction of the
duty to 6d. in the Z. An ounce of tea may be supposed
to go as far at the labourer's table as two quarts of beer.
Supposing him to get all the benefit of the promised
reduction, he will save just one farthing and a half.
His two quarts of beer, which now cost him from 83. to
Is., he would be able to purchase for 50. to Bd., and if
he brew at home the saving will be infinitely greater.
Which would benefit the labouring man most?

, The following extract appears to us more interest.
c• i then ladies :
lex 11.1140 0? PRUSSIA ADDRESSES HIS GENERALS ng oomplimentary to the
In Berlin one day, and his words are in print in London MEDALLION OF MRS. WEDGWOOD.
the next. The latest improvements on magnetic action This medallion represents Mrs. Wedgwood in one of
have rendered this and many other results undeviating, the fashionable head-dresses of her day. Her hair is
For instance, Herring's Magnetic Brushes ;in restoring dressed in the " maccaroni" style, but of much less
Grey Hair to its natural color, and in eradicating the dimensions, and mote simply elegant, than was worn by
agony of Tic Doloreux and Nervous Headache, most ladies of fashion. The head-dress consisted of a
N. B. —Counterfeits are being made, pile of tow and pads,sunported frequently with a frame.
Offices. 32, Basingliall-strest, London. work of wire, over which false hair was arranged and
HISTORY OF THE SEWING MACHINE.—In the year hung with gauze, in folds', ribbons of every gay
1841, Elias Howe, a native of Cambridge Port, Mena- colour, feathers, flowers, and strings of pearls, The
chusetts, first conceived the idea of constructing& really extraordinary slat) of the head-dresses of the period
practicable sewing machine. I know of no higher when Mrs. Wedgwood's medallion was modelled, and
for a few years previous to that time, was • constant
example of patient industry and perseverance, indeed,
I may say of devotedness to science than that displayed and fruitful souree of amusement to the satirical
by Howe in his early career. A young mechanic,
writers of the day, and many droll stories were told
onlr
22 years of age, hardly capable of supporting himsel , concerning them. One writer nays, _ weaking of
lad
and those most dear to him, on his scant earnings, he the enormous size of the heads of the ies, "It is
laboured manfully in • little garret in his native town, not very long since that part of their sweet bodies used
at his self-imposed task, during the few hours that were to be bound so tight, and triinmed so amazingly snug,
spared to him after the ordinary labours of the day were that they appeared like a pin's head on the top of a
ended. He became enthusiastic; and although, as he knitting-needle ; but they have now so far exceeded the
extreme Le
says, he could not devote his attention to the subject iden mean in the contrary
during the working hours, he thought upon it when he ies remind me of an apple stuck on ' that our fine
the point of a
could, both nigth and day. It grew upon him till he felt small skewer." Another writer jocosely says:—
impelled to yield his whole time to it, and being "Give Chloe a bushel of horse-hair and wool,
promised assistance by a friend, he devoted himself ex- Of prude and pomatum a pound;
elusively to the construction and practical completion Ten yards of gay ribbon to deck her sweet skull,
of his machine. The result was, in 1844, he perfected And gauze to encompass it round.
his first sewing machine, and in order to test its
practical success be sewed with it all the principal seams "Of all the bright colours the rainbow displays,
in two suits of clothes. On the 10th of September, Be three ribbons which hang on her head ;
1846, he obtained his patent. On the let of December, Be her flounces adapted to make the folks gaze,
1846, Mr. Thomas obtained a patent for the machine in And about the whole work be they spread.
England : soon after which Howe himself arrived here "Let her gown be tucked up to the hip on each side,
to assist him in adapting the machine to the peculiar Shoes too high for to walk or to jump," Sm.
kind of work- required, namely stay-making. Howe
does not appear to have prospered here, for in the spring And then, after describing other artificial means
of 1849, indebted to a friend for a ateerage peerage home, of adding to the figure, concludes—
he returned to America poorer, if possible, than when
he left. He found his wife on a bed of sickness, and in "Thus finished in taste, while on Chloe you gaze,
• state of utter destitution. Ten days after his arrival You may take the dear charmer for life;
she died. During his absence in England his patent had But never undress her, for, out of her stays,
been extensively infringed; end in 1850 he commenced You'll find you have lost half your wife."
EN
legal proceedings, and suoeeeded in every owe in estab-
erosoUS OF Binaural DIADIALECT.Iishing the validity of his patent. In the coarse of "L.-oi'd summat t' don t' get dahn t'L'rpool tri'
eowr eaart, at th' teyme as oi fast tayd Meister 'Slab
proceedings a prior claim to the invention of the
Wedgut's wheit ware for t' be printed theer. Yu know
sewing machine was set up by Walter Hunt, who was
said to have oonbtructed, exhibited, and sold, in 1834 n as hie thee wur noo black printin' on ware dun P
and 1835, shuttle or lock-stitch sewing machines, similar Bosleum i' thoos days.
in all essential particulars to Howe's. That Hunt had " T.-0i remember 't varry weal Oi s'poso as
tried his hand at a lock-stitch sewing machine, and was 'Sikh woo abaht th' same age as thiseln, Eery, woo he '
the inventor of the shuttle or lock-stitch, there is, I no" ,
think, no doubt; but it was never satisfactorily proved "L.— Ya, oi rek'n he war taw year yunker til me.
that such maohinee were no far perfeeted as to render "T. —Wheh he started i' loizness fast, he made
spewnes, knife hondles, an' smaw crocks, at th' Ivy
them more that abortive experiments. The turning
he
point in Howe's career had now arrived, and fortune ha „ • dose to where we're nab sittin.'
soon began to smile on him. In 1853 he granted his L.—Ay oi weal remember th' toyme ; an' aster
that he flitted to th'. Bell Workhus, wheer he put up
first license, and in 1855 was enabled to regain sion
of the whole of his patent, which at one period he had th' bell-coney for th' ring th' men to ther work lilted o'
entirely disposed of in order to meet the pressing de-
blowin' em together wi' a hum. 'Twer a pity, he e'er
left Boslum, for he woe th' cob o' th' Wedguts. '
mends that were made upon him. His patent rights
being finally acknowledged, and his patent prolonged POUNDING OF ETRURIA.
The building of the manufactory and the residence for
for a term of seven years, he now receives
a royalty upon every sewing machine manu-
himself wee not, however, sufficient for Wedgwood to do.
factored in the United States, producing an To be comfortable himself, he must know that those
around him were comfortable also; to be happy, he must
income of upwards of 250,000 per annum. The impart happiness to others, even the most lowly of his
platform, or fiat table machines now constructed
Howe, are provided with • simple little contrivance employes; to sit at ease in his own new home, he must
', or
for preventing the breaking of the needle, occasioned know that those be employed were well and cosilyhoused. He therefore set shout building • village for
by the point of the shuttle striking it during its passage
, his workmen and their families, and it is pleasant to
for which purpose • small wedge, actuated by an extra
earn, presses against the needle inside the shuttle rise , add that of late years, since the establishment of
and holds it back clear of the shuttle's
locomotives, this village, formed for the workpeople of
obviate the missing of stitches by reason of the shuttloe One establishment, has its station on the main line of
the North Staffordshire Railway. The works, which
not catching fairly the loop of the needle-thread, a
are enclosed in wnlls on all sides, except where bounded
deflector, or laterally adjusting needle slide, is employed,
by the canal, which parts them from the lawn of the
by adjusting which the needle may be brought nearer
hall, occupy about seven acres of ground. The village,
to or further from the side of the shuttle. This arrange- at it, upper end, closely adjoins the manufactory, end
ment affords facility also for the adaptation of fine, or
course, needles to the same machine. When • fine consists principally of one long straight street, reaching
needle is used, the slide will require to be adjusted none down to the railway bridge. Etruria contains, I
believe, one hundred and twenty-five numbered houses,
to bring the side of the needle nearer to the shuttle •
and if • coarse needle be inserted, then the slide will and about half as many inhabitants, near the whole of
require to be adjusted in the opposite direction, so that whom are employed by the Wedgwood'; as were their
—7in numberless instances their fathers or
the extra thickness of the needle will present predeoesaors
no grandfathers—by Josiah Wedgwood, its founder and
obstruction to the passage of the shattle. The tension
of the shuttle-thread is maintained by a small nipping builder'
spring inside the shuttle, in lien of passing it throegh WARD, in his History of Stoke-upon-Trent," a
, holes in the shuttle, as is usually the case, and facility work written at Earldom, Wedgwood's native place,
Is afforded by regulating the pressure of the presser Bays, speaking of Josiah Wedgwood,—
' foot according to the nature of the work. By these, "H, took into partnership Mr. Richard Bentley, 60n Of
simple little contrivances an almost universal machine Dr. Sentley,the celebrated Brine and Arehdeaeon of Ely,
Is obtained, capable of stitching the finest muslin, or • MLA Of greet ingenuity, tangs, and learning, immersing
the strongest materials, at the will of the operator.— too •lesge &Tiled soguainteacearnenspeopleof rank and
From the Bietory of Its Hying machine, by E. r. milionoe. To him, this generally understood, Mr. Wedg-
Alexander, lag. wood was chiefly indebted for his classioal subjects, tor

i This

MEI

which his establishment became so highly celebrated.'
Ws system has been repeated with but little variation,
in almost every notice which has of yet appeared of
Wedgwood, or of his productions down to the
present time. I am enabled, however, to show
that this statement is erroneous, and that not only
was Wedgwood's rartner not the son of Archdeacon
Bentley, the critic, but was not even named Richard.
The companion, and afterwards partner, of Josiah
Wedgwood was Thomas Bentley.
Mr. Jewitt thus touchingly depicts

IH6 ci.osa er WEI)GwOOD'S CAERE%
Fenn the time when he first—at that early age
already spoken of—turned the lumbering pot.er's wheel
in that old, old room at the ohurchyard at Burslem, to
the time when he lay on his death-bed in that fine
mansion, Etruria Hall—built on his own estate, and
reared etbis owncost—the proprietor of the largest pottery
manufactory in the world, and looked up to by pen is
of every class—his mind had ever been active, ever
rising above his bodily ailments, ever seeking out
fresh scientific truth., and ever busying himself to
benefit his fellow-men; and in the midst of his most
soccesdul laboura—after reaping to the fall the reward
of his industry, his toil, and his research—that mind
which had by its working been the support of thousands
of his fellow-creatures, and from which there are few
who do not at the present day derive benefit in some way ,
or other, died out but with his life, and left him resting
from his worldly toil. .

. -
We know not of • book of the season fraught with
greater interest than this. It relates to a matter of
national industry, and in fact artistic skill, in which
though imt foremost in the race, it is a proud thing
for England to say she has at least produced &rival to
the great French potter Palissy, and equalled the
world-renowned productions of Dresden and Sevres.