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one over the other, and defended on the land side by a large
ditch To the right of Sievernaia are some sunken steamers,
and then another village or collection of barracks and store-
houses protected by two batteries. All these are commanded
by the citadel, which haS been so much increased that all that
formerly existed is now concealed behind the immense work
recently executed. As I have already mentioned, the activity
of the Russians is most surprising. Every day, bodies of from
2,000 to 3,000 men leave the citadel and proceed to their work.
For some days past they have been occupied in raising some of
the sunken vessels, but whether this is done for the purpose of
getting timber, or with other intentions, it is impossible to
say. They have still some fishing smacks and some smaller
boats, and they frequently make use'of the latter in the night
to come and reconnoitre our works. Last night they availed
themselves of the darkness, and came within half a cable's
length of Fort Alexander, or rather our batteries on that side.
At the cry of " Qui vice !" from our sentinel, they:moved off in
haste. It is really difficult to imagine what can be the object
of the Russians in erecting such masses of batteries. Is it to
occupy their soldiers and give them confidence, or mask some
other movement? Time alone can unravel the mystery. On
our side, as you may suppose, we do not remain inactive ;
strong batteries are being established to play on the Russian
works.

THE SURRENDER OF KARS.

TERMS OF CAPITULATION.

The Journal de St. Petersburg of the 18th December
publishes the official act of the surrender of Kars.

It precedes it with the following letter of Vassif Pasha, the
commander-in-chief of the army of Anatolia, dated the 14th
(26th) of November, giving full powers to General Williams
to negotiate :

Most eminent, most worthy, sagacious, and most noble
General Mouravieff 1.,
His Excellency the Ferik Williams Pasha, a dignitary of
the great English power, being in this country, is appointed
by us and provided with full powers to negotiate the evacua-
tion of Kars ; this letter is written by me to inform your
Excellency of the circumstance.
The 15th of Raby-el-Aouel, 1272.
Sealed with the seal of
MEHMED VASSIF PASHA.

Act of the Surrender of the Town and Fortress. of Kars on
the Stipulations agreed upon between the Commander-in-
Chief of the Army of the Caucasus, Aide-de-Camp General
Mouravieff, and General Williams, Commissary of Her
Majesty the Queen of England, the 13th (25th) of Novem-
ber, Head-Quarters of Tchiftli-Kaya.
Art. 1. Surrender of the fortress with all its materiel in-
tact. The guns surrendered are not to be spiked ; the stores
and arms are to be given up in the same state as they are
actually in ; the ammunition, powder, arsenals, deposits of
military clothes and stores are to be given up as they stand
in the official returns up to the day of surrender. Nothing
is to be detracted or taken from the archives.
On evacuating Kars the 'troops are to leave posts, each of
three men and a corporal, at the following points :—at each
fort, redoubt, or battery-armed with artillery ; at each powder
Magazine, arsenal, or military depot, hospital, archives, trea-
sury, and mosque. Commissaries shall be appointed by the
Turkish authorities for each part of the materiel, as the
treasury, arsenals, artillery, hospitals, provision stores, and
archives, charged to hand over the same to commissaries ap-
pointed for that purpose by the commander-in-chief of the
Russian army.
Immediately the troops have left the place, the above-men-
tioned posts are to be relieved by Russian posts in the presence
of the above-named Turkish commander and of the newly-
appointed Russian commandant. The Turkish soldiers are to
give up their arms and accoutrements to the Russian posts,
and, under fhe orders of their commander, are to march to-
wards the Madly redoubt, to await instructions for their fur-
ther movements. The remittal of the above-mentioned ar-
ticles by the commissaries is to take place the day after the
evacuation of the place.
Art. 2. The garrison of Kars surrendering prisoners of war,
with the commander-in-chief of the Turkish army, and all the
military authorities, will leave the place with the honours of
war, and deposit their arms, flags, &c., in a spot agreed upon
previously, whence they will proceed to the destination indi-
cated to them by the Russian commander-in-chief. As a tes-
timonial of the valorous resistance made by the garrison of
Kars, the officers of all ranks are to keep their swords.
All the troops forming the garrison of Kars, except those
actually in hospital, from illness, are to leave the fortress in
full uniform, with drums beating and colours flying, having
first discharged their muskets, and are to assemble at 10 a.m.
near the ruins of the village of Goumbet. They are to deploy
in a single line, in columns, by battalions. The artillerymen
are to form separate columns by regiments. The Rediffs,
Lazes, and Bashi-Bazouks are to form separately, at half a
verst distance from the other troops. The garrison are to pile
their arms, flags, and accoutrements, and to form in the pre-
ceding order in front of the line of muskets..
The Mushir Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Anatolia
is then to wait upon the Russian Commander-in-Chief, and
hand him the muster-roll of his troops and a report of all the
materiel stipulated in the act of surrender. Delegates of the
Russian army will then call over the muster-roll and enregis-
ter the officers and men of the Turkish army, for which object
the Turkish authorities are called upon to present the regis-
ters of their respective commands. The enregistration finished,
all the prisoners of war, headed by their officers, will proceed
in columns to the bridge of Tchiftli-Kaya, where they will be
met by the Russian troops appointed to serve as their escort.
The Turkish troops mentioned in the subjoined articles as
having permission to return to their homes will take the
Tamra road, under an especial escort, and will halt for the
night near the village of Kotanly ; they bind themselves to
respect the inhabitants of that village, and not to commit any
excess. The column will continue its march the following
day in the same order, and halt for the night at the village of
Tosanly. On the third day, when they shall have reached
the foot of the Saghaulong, the Russian troops will stop and
the Turks continue their march across the chain of the moun-
tains. In the direction of Erzeroum the Turks engage
themselves not to enter the village of Bardours, occupied by
militiamen of the Russian camp. The Turkish stragglers
who, within 24 hours of the last day's march, should not
have crossed the Saghanloug will be considered as prisoners of
war.

In evacuating the town and fortress of Kars the military
authorities of the Turkish army engage themselves to leave
there a sufficient number of medical men and nurses to take
care of the sick left in the hospitals until their recovery.
Art. 3. The private property of members of the army of
every kind is respected.
Each individual belonging to the personnel of the army is
authorised to sell his property or take it away, at his own cost
of carriage.
Art. 4. The Militia (Rediffs, Bashi-Bazouks, and Lazes),
their number having first been accurately ascertained, will be
allowed to return to their homes.

The Rediffs, Bashi-Bazouks, and Lazes in hospital will have
the same right under the same conditions, as soon as well
enough to leave.

Art. 5. The non-combatants of the army, as scriveners,
interpreters, and nurses, are allowed to return to their homes
as soon as their number has been accurately ascertained.
Art. 6. To Gen. Williams is reserved the right of designat-
ing at his choice in a list, which must be previously submitted
for the approval of Gen. Mouravieff, a certain number of per-
sons, to whom permission will be given to return to their
homes.

Military men, subjects of one of the belligerent Powers, are
excluded from this list.

Art. 7. All persons indicated in Articles 4,5, and 6, en-
gage themselves by their word of honour not to bear arms
against His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias during
the whole duration of the present war.
Art. 8. The inhabitants of the town throw themselves
upon the generosity of the Russian Government, which takes
them under its protection.
Immediately the troops have given up their arms the in.
habitants of the town are to send a deputation, consisting of
the principal inhabitants of the place, to give the keys to the
Russian Commander-in-Chief, and to trust themselves unre-
servedly to the generosity of the august Sovereign of Russia.
Art. 9. The public monuments and buildings of the town
belonging to the Government are to be respected and left intact.
It being the principle of the Russian Government to respect
the customs and traditions of the people subjected to its Go-
vernment, and especially the buildings devoted to worship, it
will not allow any damage to he done to the religious monu-
ments or historical souvenirs of Kars.
Signed and approved by
W. S. WILLIAMS, Major-General.
Colonel de KAUFFMANN, Chief of the
Military Chancery of the Commander-
in-Chief of the Army of the Caucasus.