The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-12-04 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

JANE GRAY, aged six years, whose parents live in No. 21
Court, Charles-street, died, on Friday, from the effects of
scalds received on the 2nd November, by the overturning of a
kettle of boiling water.
THOMAS SWINNERTON, engineer at the Everton Water-
works, was, on Thursday, fined 10s. and costs, for assaulting
police-officer 544, and he was ordered to be reported to the
Water Committee for being in a beerhouse in a state of intoxi-
, cation when he ought to have been on duty.
ON her last voyage to New York, the passengers on board
the packet-ship William Tapscott presented to Captain Bell
a testimonial expressive of their obligations to him for the
kind, courteous, and gentlemanly bearing evinced towards
them during the voyage.
ON Saturday evening, . Thomas Parry, a youth living in
Bostock-street, was driving a spring-cart through Leeds-
street, when the vehicle upset, and the lad sustained a frac-
ture of his right arm. He was taken to the Northern Hospital,
where the broken limb was set.
ON Wednesday, the pupils of the Royal Institution School
presented the Rev. Dawson W. Turner, M.A., head-master,
with a drawing-room timepiece, and a set of books, as a token
of their respect and gratitude for the uniform ability, zeal,
and kindness which had characterised his instructions among
them for more than nine years.
QUICK DESPATCH.—The ship Vision, from China, com-
menced, discharging at the Albert Dock on Friday morning,
and in twelve hours she landed the whole of her entire cargo,
consisting of 9,865 packages of tea. This was accomplished
under the superintendence of Mr. Pickthall, the newly-
appointed warehousekeeper.
FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Friday, Samuel Lomax, tea porter,
employed on the premises of Messrs. Wardley and Co., was
leading a horse and tea-van into the yard, for the purpose of
unloading the tea, when he slipped, and became jammed
between the wall and the end of the shaft. The small of his
back-was crushed, and he died immediately.
THE congregation of St. Silas's Church, and a few other
friends, have recently presented the Rev. R. W. Wolseley,
curate of that church, with a purse, containing fifty guineas,
as a mark of their appreciation of his devotedness to his
sacred duties, and particularly of his indefatigable attention
to the National, Sunday, and Ragged Schools, and young
people connected with the congregation.
SUDDEN DEATH.—On Friday afternoon, Mary Barker,
aged forty-four, who kept an eating-house in Park-lane, and
who had suffered for several years from a violent pain in the
head, was talking in her shop to Mrs. Griffiths, a neighbour,
telling her that she intended to go out of town for the
benefit .of her health, as soon as she could let the house,
when she suddenly exclaimed, " Oh, Mrs.- Griffiths, I'm
blind." She immediately fell down dead.
THE Clvit, SERVICE IN LivEnrom—Mr. Joseph Breckles
has been appointed a weigher, and Mr. John Martin a
tidewaiter and patrol, in the Liverpool Custom-house. Mr.
John Kellett, and Mr. Robert Hardstaff, instructed by Mr.
John Mills, of Liverpool,, eleventh division, are at present
officiating as expectants in that collection of the Excise branch
of the Inland Revenue Department.
rris £244) ROBBERY.—Ann Burns and Henry Green, re-
manded from the previous Saturday, charged with stealing
£240 from George Fothergill, were again brought up, along
with Ann Legerwood, on suspicion of being concerned in the
robbery. Fothergill was also again placed in the dock,
charged with stealing 020 from his employers, Messrs. Cox
and Co. No further facts were elicited, the whole of the pri-
soners being again remanded.
WAR MOVEMENrS IN LIVERPOOL.—The City- of Dublin
Militia arrived at Liverpool on Friday morning, from Dublin,
by the steam-transport Niagara. There were twenty-five
officers, and 5517 non-commissioned officers and men. The
North Lancashire Militia sailed on board the Niagara, for
Kingstown, the same evening. • They arrived here from Lich-
field by rail about half-past two o'clock in the afternoon. This
week the Antrim Militia will arrive here from Ireland, and
their place Will be taken by the- Warwick Militia. Upwards,
of thirty naval volunteers left Liverpool on Friday night for
London.
AT the Volice-court, on Saturday, John Evans and Mary,
his wife, 'remanded from a previous day, on the charge of
having robbed Mr. Johns, Oldhall-street, of goods to the value
of about £2OO, were again placed in the dock. The male
prisoner was in Mr. Johns' employ, and a quantity of wearing-
apparel having been missed, his lodgings were searched, and
a poition of the missing property was .found, while pawn
tickets for other portions were discovered in the house. Mr.
Clough stated there was a second charge against Evans, for
rdbbing Mr. Thomas Barn, of Whitechapel, his former em-
ployer. The male prisoner was committed for trial, but his
wife was discharged.

'CENTRAL PIER-REAM. CLOCK.— The 'steps taken by Mr. La-
mont, showing the necessity for a central clock at St. George's
Pier, have been taken up by a number of other gentlemen, and
a memorial on the subject is about -to be submitted to the
Mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of -the borough. A cOpy is
lying for signature *Me ;Exchange news-room. One clause
states that by ereCting.a small tower, with an illuminated
clock, on the George's Tier, in a position about the centre of
the stage, which araldte-seen by the people on the stage, and
by people coming byeither of the -dock bridges, much of the
inconvenience shown by the memorialists would be removed,
and accuracy in the Starting of *the boats obtained.
BAN-matrix:4c CoUgT.—On Thursday, William Lloyd, lately
carrying on baliness as a- cattle-dealer at Newton, came up en
J.
postponed, ojnaedcques fora. mmoenutph,fonrohbahtis
his adjourned last,examination ; the matter was further
retti"efi'scaheteet hn aTv
hi nugr s
da y been; filedbew. —a s
supported by -Sir. 'Evans' 'and ,
opposed, on the part of the
M assignees, by 'r. Etty, who -subjected the bankrupt 'to a
lengthened examination of four hours. The Commissioner
took time totonsider his judgment, which will be delivered
this day (Tuesday).--,W. Swift name up for his last examina-
tion.. R++3,.. the pa, t
assignees. The bankrupt passed his examination, and the-.2Bth
of December was fixed for 'the question of certificate.—
James Hunter; lately carrying on business as a boatbuilder,
at Burscough, passed his tlast 'examination.—The matter of
John Niclaiasen, -surgeon, the keeper of the Lunatic Asylum
at Walton; who appeared on hii last examination, was adjourned
for a month, by the consent of all parties concerned.

PILESEN2ATION TO A BLNIE 1/ANAGER.—Mr. Kinkead, late
manager ofithe Belfast Bank; 4t Newry, being about to leave
that town for Liverpool,. is .about to be presented with an
address, expressing appreciation of his qualities as bank
manageriand of his persona merits, accompanied by a,Silver
tea and coffee service. :The saver bears the following inscrip-
tion Presented to William Kinkead, Esq., late manager of
the Belfatlißank here. This memorial is a gift, from a num-
ber of his 'friends and fellow-townsmen, on his voluntary
retirementifrom an office which he:filled to the entire satisfac-
tion of all. With this tratimte,•honourably earned, theymish
him the -fullest success in his mew. pursuits in Liverpool: 'lle
following igthe inscription on the tea and coffee service:—
" Presentalici Williatn Kinkead, Esq., late manager-of the
Belfast Bail: here, as a Mel:nor:id of friendship, from all,classes
of his fellow4ownsmen."

SMIEWGEINO IN BLAIDDEM.—At the Police-court, vat
Saturday, before. Mr. Aldermaa S. Holme, Thomas West, a
man of ,emanated appearance, and who stated that lianas
fireman ,onboard the Blenheim, Belfast steamer. was charged
by Fialioo-dfficer 158 with smuggling two gallons ofi Irish
whislfy. :Xhe officer stated that on the previous eveniutohe
perceived. tthe prisoner about to pass through the Clarence
Dock gate, -and thinking that his body was too le:Why:in
proportion- 4o his thin face, he stopped and searched. him ;
and ander,hisitlress he found twc skilfully-prepared bladders,
each oastaining a gallon of Irish, whisky, sixteen abGwe proof.
The Onstorrkhouse officers considered the case of unusual
importsame,Clin consequence of ithe systematic snauggliug,cf
illicit Eitmorstfrom Ireland, and because the bladders found
upon the prisoner had evidently,hby their well-used appear-
ance, dime grad service in the same line of business on former.
occ&sksic The -prisoner was ,ordered to pay £3 45., being
double the value of the liquor, :and-costs, or to be imprisoned
for a swath.

SIMPIMIGL`DiIiS ON TR E 3fraZET.—Thevarious ship ding
yards oes the banks of the Met" ey tare lately been somewhat
inactive, owing,ta the depression ,upou commerce caused by
the war. A few • days ago a email steamier, of 150 tons, called
the Destello, waallaunchedfrom the 411,43 building yard of Mr.
W. C. Miller, Tomteth Dock.. She is,fer a Spanish firm, and
is intended to navigate the rivets of Spero ; and another r,as-
sel was launched from the new shipbuilding yard of Mr. John
Laird, Seftou-street. She was named the Meandria, by Mrs.
Bevis, and is a Sister-ship to the Borestlena, lately launshed
feethro'aalt,:i.aiSdheisisiln,too6endttiAnsfnhar
,LrthFerne,n2n6Oh
nfeeanit
paiongny.,
f androm3t2h e lame
Nearly ready for lannehing, in Messrs.l7ernon's yard, is a
wrarlliutite,aifrvuebl-oelookitigh.it.ugfc...,oviesseiw.latealk:ofirs, 600eu.:asoottw.onerssheeminlea4iineudi rsaemeewn.bts,ytefilsattnitedre.
rj7acaiitit:.d.
~of the Victoria, Foutuiry. In 'the =me' yarditkere is in course
,of construction a powerful, t4etun-boat, 130 feet long, of 230
!tons, and supplied ,with engines' of SO horse=power. This
vessel is for the Liverpool Steam. Tug Company. A screw
..steam-ship, of (Kid tOMl:gith engines of, 100: bcrse-power, for
the Channel trade, is about to be built.
'Surma By A MT.-7'A melancholy and ..sbrost unpre-
,oedented occurrenee toak :place at Haigl4 near Wigan, on
-Saturday night. A boy,tweive years of age, named Thomas
:Lowe, son of John Lowe,,eigrine tenter at a small engine used
by' the joiners near the Hall at Haigh; terminated his own
existence, apparently without :any cause. It appears that the
boy.and his brother had beenpromised a new pair ofirowsers
:eath,..and arrangements had'been madefor them to aceampany
their mother to Wigan,thatevening to purchase them. The
other. brother, who is a singer at Haigh church; hadibeen de-
tained 'later than usual at his .ekes that evening, and.on his
returwitmas found to be too late rto go to Wigan. .fit this
Thomas.seemed much disappointed, ',but was promised that he
should go veith his mother on Monday. About nineaclock
he took a candle and went up stairs, as if to bed ; but at,half-
past ten, his mother having occasion to go up stairs, found
him suspended by a strap from the bedpost. He was (leaf-
On Tuesday, au inquest was held at ttbe house of Mr. John
Summer, Balcarres Arms, Haigh. The jury, on account .of
the extreme youth of the deceaiied, felt they could not return
a verdict of felt/ .se. .They therefore agreed to record as •
their verdict Foisod hung."—Manekester Courier.
LlvEnr.oon Towtv COUNCIL.—The following subjects will
be brought wider the consideration of the Council, at the
monthly meeting to-morrow :—The proceedingaof the Finance
CoMmittee, comprising a recommendation to purchase from
the-New.Hebrew Congregation, for the sum of COO, property
in Hardman-street, and to complete the improvement of that
street ; a recommendation to purchase, from Mr. Henry Booth,
for the sum of £l3O, sufficient land to preserve an area, of riot
less than two yards wide, in front of property intended to be
built in Hope-place, and as consideration for abandoning the
right to erect any buildings except dwelling-houses ; a recom-
mendation to erect, courts for magisterial business, police-
offices, bridewell, coroner's court, and other public buildings,
on property in Dale-Street'and Hatton-garden, purchased from
the Gas Company ; and recommendation to sell for the sum of
£7OO, the reversion of property in St. James's-street, Hardy-
street, and Upper Frederick-street, on which it is intended to
erect a Roman Catholic place of worship,—The proceedings of
the Watch, Lighting, Fire Police, and Fire Prevention Com-
mittees, comprising a recommendation to rate to the
lighting and fire-police rates, those owners of property who
have . refused to enter into composition for their rates.—
'The proceedings of the Town Hall Establishment Coth.
mitttee, comprising a recommendation to appoint William
Evans as hall porter, at the same salary, as that received by
'his predecessor.--The proceedings -of the Health Committee,
comprising a recommendation to rate to the several rates un-

'der the sanatory acts those owners of property who have re-
fused to enter into compositions for the payment of these
rates.—The yroceedings of the Library and Museum Commit-
_

tee, comprising a recommendation to pass a resolution under-
taking to indemnify Mr. Ely and his co-obligees against any
claim under the bond given by them to the Customs' authori-
ties, in respect to the model of "Ancient Rome," and to autho-
rise the Mayor to affix the common seal to such resolution.

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE.

THE principal tradesmen of Derby are said to have agreed
to close their establishments on the Monday before Christmas-
day, thus enabling their servants to have a holiday extending
over three successive days.
THE gamekeeper of Mr. Llewellyn, of Buckland Filleigh,
fired the other night at what he thought was a large white cat.
It turned out, however, to be a peasant carrying home a lump
of salt over his shoulder. The poor fellow is not likely to live.
THREE convicts have escaped from the establishment at
Woolwich. Hats and coats belonging to other workmen lying
about have, it is supposed, supplied them with a ready dis-
guise, and they have passed out with the ordinary working
parties.

A FINE GIRL, aged about three years, and who appears to be
very respectably connected, was the other evening stolen from
the station of the Glasgow and South-Western Railway,
while her guardians were on the eve of starting with her for
Greenock.—Caledonian Mercury.
A FRENCH PAPER mentions that some workmen employed
in draining a marsh, at Clairmarais (Pas-de-Calais), have
found a Celtic hatchet. The flint of which it is made remains
firm in a bone socket prepared to receive the handle, and thus
shows the manner in which the handles and the cutting part
of the weapon were connected.
Axons, the boats on the Erie canal is one commanded by a
female—Mrs. Captain Peck. The Buffalo Republic says she
is a " screamer" in her way, and has been twice before the
Albany courts—once for whipping an impudent "deck hand,"
and again for trying to pitch a former owner of the boat into
the canal for demanding his pay of her.
MESMERISM.—At a recent meeting of the Exeter cor-
poration of the poor, a resolution was carried to the
effect that, on the friends of any of the paupers suffering
from temporary insanity or epilepsy making application,
relief to be granted out of the house, in order to place the
afflicted person under the care of a mesmeric practitioner.
-Each-of the four medical officers of the corporation gave an
opinion against the adoption of the system.
THE journeymen tailors of Sunderland, to the number of
nearly-one hundred, are on strike for a rise of 6d. Per day; in
consequence of the high price of provisions ; and this the
masters at first agreed to pay, according to a " statement"
which the men submitted to them, but afterwards they held
a second meeting, and resolved to pay them according to the
Neweastle statement, which the men refused to accept, and
then turned out.
THE FRENCH ARMY.—The Moniteur de l' Armee gives a
statistical account of the French army, from which it appears
that its present effective strength consists of 529 battalions of
infantry,32 battalions of light infantry and riflemen, 374 squad-
rons of cavalry, 215 batteries of artillery, with 1,470 field-pieces,
16 companies of pontoniers, 31 companies of artillery artificers,
55 companies of miners, sappers, and engineers, 27 companies
of the wagon-train, 6 companies of military carpenters, and
14 sections of operatives belonging to the military adminis-
tration.

Cousins.—Who are a man's " cousins ?" was the question
to be decided in " Stoddart o. Nelson," an appeal to the
Court of Chancery, on Monday. James Freeman left £ll,OOO
in equal shares to his " cousins :" now, James Freeman had
first-cousins 21, and other cousins 128 ; so the first-cousins
filed a bill for the Purpose of finding out whether they alone
were to share the money, or each of the 149 were to have a
portion. Vice-Chancellor Stuart had decided that all the
cousins were entitled ; on the present occasion the Lord
Chancellor decided that the intention, judging from the com-
mon acceptation' of the term, was to include first•cousins
only.

FNEE.DOAL. OF THE CITY OP GLASGOW TO THE. EARL Or
ELGIN AND SIR COLIN CAMPBELL.—On Thursday last, at an
ordinary meeting of the Glasgow Town Council, the freedom
of the city was unanimously voted to the Earl of Elgin; in
consideration of his distinguished services as Governor-General
of Canada ; and to Sir Colin Campbell for his yet more bril.
liant services in the Crimean campaign. To the latter this
compliment must be peculiarly gratifying, coming as it does
spontaneously from the corporation of his native city; and
accompanied as it will shortly be by the presentation of a
splendid sword, the result of a subscription among his fellow-
townsmen residing in Glasgow and located in different parts
of the kingdom.
POLITICAL PARTIES IN AMERICA.—The following list of
the more prominent political parties now in vogue in the
United States is frinn'the New York Tribune ;—Republicans,
Whigs, Democratic Whigs, Woolly Heads, Silver Grays, Pro-
hibitionists, Temperance Party, Stringent Licensers, Moral
Suasionists, Constitutional Rights Party, Liquor Dealers,
Teetotallers, Democratic Republicans, National Democrats,
Hunkers,-Barn Burners, Hard Shells, Soft-Shelli, Half Shells,
Reformers, American Democracy, United Americans, Ameri-
can Proteitants, Know Nothings, Know Somethings, Ameri-
can Party,Choctaws,Himloos, Sons of the Republic, Templars,
Land Reformers, Anti-Renters, Liberal Party, Practical De-
mocrats, German Democracy, Working Men,
AICTWERP, on Monday last week, was the scene of a remark-
able demonstration, men of all classes and orders of occupation
uniting in doing honour to the well-known artist, M. Leys,
one of the Flemish artists successful at the Paris Exhibition.
As early as ten o'clock in the morning, flags floated from the
houses, and the streets were lined with people." Artists, bur-
gomasters, senators, representatives, and military authorities
assembled at the Museum, while M. Leys was conducted to
the spot at the head of a long procession, accompanied by
music and bannerS. M. Leys, on taking his seat, looked very
pale, and much affected: in the salle were his wife and chil-
dren. An address, written on parchment and splendidly
bound, was presented to M. Leys, amidst the acclamations of
the crowd. A crown of gold was then placed by the Minister
of the Interior upon the artist's head, amid a "tempest" of
bravos. After which M. Leys made a speech. The ceremony
!MP,.. 11f TIPVR was rPronvinetpri in trinnanh 11," hi, h....
STRANGE RAILROAD CATASTROPHE IN AMERICA.—One of
the most singular railroad catastrophes that we have had to
record for many years, occurred, on Monday evening, near
Boston Corners, on the Haarlem Railroad. The Albany
express train, consisting of engine, tender, a baggage car,
and three passenger cars, in charge of Mr. Robert White,
conductor, left Chatham Four Corners at half-past five p.m.,
and about half-past six o'clock, as it was approaching Boston
Corners, on a part of the road elevated upwards of 35 feet, a
t
ts
hu
ed deenng
iannedavnido
teennt
dgeur st
offo f wt
hi ned
tract h rra k
at
nh
de
.de natwi rne t.
arani ne ,Inebracne
kp
ment, a distance of fifteen feet. The scene which followed
was truly painful. Most of the passengers, many of them
groaning from their heavies, lay suffocating beneath the cars,
which were turned bottom up by the catastrophe, and for
some time but little aid could be rendered. Mr. White, the
conductor, with others connected with the train, and some
of the passengers who managed to extricate themselves, set
to work to rescue their fellow-travellers, a task which re-
quired a considerable time to accomplish. One man was
killed, and twelve others severely injured.—New York
Courier, Nov. 14.
A COURAGEOUS lava WOMAN. The town of Shepton
Mallet, Somerset, has lately been the scene of several bur-
glaries, one of which, ,committed en the night of Tuesday last,
has acquired considerable notoriety from the courageous con-
duct of Patience Vining, who has reached the age of 84.
Mrs. Vining lives in a small cottage, mad during the night
was alarmed by a noise as of some person forcing his way
into the house. On looking up she saw a man enter her bed-
room with a lighted candle in his hand, his face being covered
with a veil of thick crape. Nothing daunted, the old woman
leaped out of bed, and,challenging the fellow as to ihis busi-
ness in her cottage, boldly said it should be life for life. She
then ran up to him andtere the :mask from his face; upon
which he dealt her a blow on the head, which felled her to
the ground, and rendered her partially insensible. On reco-
,vering herself she saw theburglar aboutsto.earry off a box in
cwhich was her little all. :She at once resolved, if possible, to
,eave her property, and, seizing the 'tong, she commenced a
tifierce attack upon him. One of the blows which she aimed
.at the robber knocked the candle from *kis Baud. The old
.woman then raised eery of-" Murder.;" and, either fearing the
.iar_eval of help, or unwilling to remain in the dark with the
incensed owner of the cottage, the.villain decamped. The
,brave old woman saved her :property.
:Law OF PRIMOGENITTIAIL—At a meeting of the Juridierl
Society the other day, Mr. F. S. Reilly read a •vew able and
instinctive paper on the subject of Primogeniture." The
object of the paper was to show that, at this time, and in
I this-country, the balance of advantage was in favour of the
Axistieg law, with its three ,elements of near-partibility of
inheritances, preference of males to females, and preference
of the-eldest of the males, in comparison with the alternative
system, of the equarpartibility of inheritances. It examined
in aucoaesion the arguments put forward by those who adva
sate the change, and argued that the proposed new rule
wornid not lead in England to the subdivision of land to a
..sufficient.extent to create, as they 'wished, a race of peasant
proprietors, especially as tire small-farm system, only for the
sak.e oft Use introduction of whieh peasant proprietors were to
She desired,, if at all, was in the highest degree unlikely to
take root in England, under any system of laws, at the pre.
sent day--7-the tendency being, on the Routrary, to 'the
general extension of large farms. It was also contended that
the rules oftinheritance were not to be tested by " natural
justice" socalled, but by considerations of civil and political
eonaKenieace. Mlle conclusion arrived at, after a review of the
controversy, *VW, that much more than had ever yet been
shown of .evil °lithe one side, or benefit an the other, was
needed tojustify s demand for the abandonment of a system
under whiclethis,country had at least attained some measure
of prosperity ,anil power, which had not been found ineom-
under which Political progress
aiid ainidndpoerlitliteal,hiettathbiliebbe, hnaedebseeafn
patible with agriedtural enterprise or industrial exertion,
ideastnho et family
uponnmh ail ypie relation
yiyia° ab
il le dbt
terns
do ef
ne led, er dt
a, n iiice lwi e
ae hr of
onnyn tdh,
at
nh
de
with much e,onsequent advantage to the community.
SUPPLY or FOOD. --.Mr. Caird has again written to the
Times on the yield of :the past harvest, and in defence of his
s bOuneshelosf
former estimated it. lie adduces his own experience, for
which Mr. Sturge had asked. His wheat crop has yielded 36
bushels an acre on stifflandlu Wigtonshire, and 26 bushels an
acre on
statisticalon Kent,a both fulliah
average
countyet
ru crops.
rri4
per acre over last year as the yield of this year's wheat crop.
0f267 reports published iu the 4gricultural Gazette in Aug.,
12 describe the crop at or above an average; and of 89 reports
given in the Mark Lane Ea-press in Sept., 69 are equally fa-
vourable. On all these grounds Mr. Caird retains his opinion
of the yield of the crop. Then as to its extent :—drainage
and good,eultivation and guano bare rendered farmers less the
slaves of rotation than they were. The seed time of last year
was at a period of rising markets and of every other circum-
stance which could recommend an extension of the wheat crop.
It only needs that the 570,000 farmers of this country extend
acreagetheir
2 havehfa crie:rees,
been
reviewers
vpniiece
wac ene
res
effected"t
lol,ds:raacelvte, that thehe
gi
the expense of the
barley. T suppose,Ad it is not neces-
sary u
eanincreasedhnc
ed
Wlthat the price of barley, which, though high,
this
extension to
The
efact
has not risen like that of wheat, indicates an undiminished
yield of that grain, is not inconsistent with his theory. On all
these grounds, then, lie maintains its soundness. It thus ap-
pears that Mr. Caird's opinion was not formed hastily or with-
out due consideration of the various influences affecting the state
of the core market ; and accordingly he gives it for his advice
that with wheat between 80s., and 90s. the quarter, the Eng-
lish farmer would be wise to sell. "It is just possible that by
the months of May and June, America, which has already
made a good beginning, may pour into our markets the surplus
of an abundant crop, as she has done before when prices were
far less tempting than they are now." We only add that our
correspondents in the north, so far as we have received re-
turns, corroborate Mr. Caird's report—but the statistical re-
ports for Scotland will soon be published in detail. If an
English report in like manner were now forthcoming, of what
immense value it would be to the country as a guide to the
most important trade and interest it possesses !--Agriculturall
Gazette.

Tim SHIP KENT, belonging to Messrs. Money Wigram
and Sons, of Blackwall, Captain George Coleman, left Mel-
bourne on the 14th September, and landed her mails at Pen-
zance on Monday morning, the 26th inst., thus making the
passage in 73 days from land to land. She brings 15 days'
later news than by any other ship.

TRUST AND LOAN COMPANY OP UPPER CANADA.-At
the meeting of this company on Thursday, a dividend at the
rate of 7 per cent. per annum was declared. The net profits
during the half-year were to the extent of £8,278 19s. 7d.
The prospects of the company in Canada were satisfactory.
A short discussion took place, when the report was adopted.

Tun screw-steamer Arcadia, from Constantinople, hays on
board two camels, male and female, which were found at the
rear of the Malakhoff when captured by the French; the male
has been used to convey the wounded from the ground during
the Russian sorties, and has received several severe wounds.
WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS.—In 1851, 5,000 widowers were
married to spinsters, 2,400 bachelors to widows, and 2,700
widowers to widows. More than 7,000 widowers stand here,
by the side of rather more than 5,000 widows. In one case,
a widower of ninety was married to a spinster of eighty. The
youngest widower was twenty, the youngest widow sixteen.
SEIZURE OP LONDON PAPERS IN PARIS ON TUESDAY.—
The Morning Advertiser and Daily Neivs,
.aud the evening
papers of Tuesday, were all seized in Paris, in consequence of
their republishing the letter of Alexandre Dumas, in which he
states that the Government of Louis Napoleon has instituted
proceedings against him for having made use of the expression
My body is in Paris, but my heart is in Brussels and in
Jersey "—meaning with the refugees—with whom that cele-
brated author deeply sympathises.

SINCE the price of candles has so largely increased, man
families have adopted the economical practice of burning
cocoa-nut oil in lieu of the former, finding it much cheaper
for their domestic purposes. A lamp, adapted for the purpose,
may be purchased for the trifling sum of sd. with wicks
attached, while a pint of the oil can be obtained forl 7d. This
quantity of oil will burn for eight successive evenings, affording
a clear and steady light ; whilst a pound of candles (eights),
costing Bd., fret away and are consumed in five nights.—
Morning Herald.

REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF CANDLES, &C.—On
Thursday, a reduction of one halfpenny per lb. was made in
the price of candles ; the best store candles, which for some
time have been selling at Bid. per lb., can be obtained at Bd.,
moulds at Sid. to 9d., and composite candles at 70. per lb.
Lamp oils of the various descriptions, which increased in value
simultaneously with candles, can now be had at lower rates ;
pale seal oil 4s. Bd. per gallon, refined cocoa nut ss. per
gallon, and refined Colza oil ss. 4d. I,er gallon.—Globe.

CONVICTION FOR MIJIIDER.—At the Central Criminal
Court, on Thursday, Daniel Lorden, 48, weaver, was indicted
for the wilful murder of his wife, by stabbing her in the neck
with a knife. The deceased was a very dissipated woman, and
the murder was the result of a drunken quarrel. The jury
found a verdict of guilty of murder, which they accompanied
by a strong recommendation to mercy on account of the pro-
vocation the prisoner had received. The Chief Baron passed
sentence of death on the prisoner, without holding out any
hope of mercy.
GAZETTE NOTICES.—The Gazette contains an order in
council to the effect that goods and passengers may be con-
veyed from one part of the Island of Ceylon to another part
thereof in other than British ships. It also states that the
Portuguese government levied an impost of 5 1-9 d. on all coal
imported since July last for the steam-packet companies whose
vessels call at St. Vincent. It also announces that clean bills
of health are issued at Marseilles cholera having ceased. The
Gazette likewise contains a notice that the government of
Brazil intends enforcing a strict quarantine at Buenos Ayres.
DURATION OP PARLIAMENTS.—The present parliament
has long since entered the fourth year of its existence, it hav-
ing been elected in July, 1852. The preceding parliament
endured just five years. The parliament of 1841, which induced
the accession of the late Sir R. Peel to office, may be said to
have died a natural death, as it was not dissolved till the end
of the session of 1847. The Peel parliament of 1835, on the
other hand, only lasted two years and a-half, and the first re-
formed parliament only two years. The parliament elected ou
the accession of Queen Victoria endured barely four years.
No general election has taken place in the middle of the winter
since that of January, 1835, nearly 20 years ago. This produced
the memorable. Peel parliament, convoked shortly after the
dismissal of the Melbourne ministry by King William IV.,
and to the adverse majorities of which Sir R. Peel was forced
to succumb in the space of two months.
THE AMERICANS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.—The Berlin
correspondent of the Times says :—The appearance of the
North American squadron in the Pirieus has been represented
to have had no other object than of enforcing the payment of
an indemnity to the American citizen, Mr. King; that affair,
however, had been settled in the main before the frigates
arrived there, and.the only part of it still under discussion
was how the payment could be arranged so as to be least irk-
some and offensive to the Greek Government. The real
object was to back the negotiations for the purchase of one
of the Greek islands, as has already been adverted to in your
columns. This same game is being carried on by the United
States towards the Danish Government, for the purchase of
an island in the Baltic, under cover of the agitation for the
repeal of the Sound dues.

EARTHQUAKES IN SWITZERLAND.—A letter from the Velais
(Switzerland) says :—" Since the great shock of earthquake on
the 28th ult., shocks have been felt every day, and in the night
of the 12th one was so violent that it caused about 2000 yards
of forest ground on the western slope of the mountain of
Unterbach to roll into the valley with a loud noise. All the
bridges, three windmills, and two buildings on the side of the
mountain, were carried away, and two houses in the valley
were buried beneath the mass of earth and trees. The shock
caused by the fall was so violent that for some time after de-
tached trees and blocks of stone came rolling down. The
ereater Dart of the houses uf the village of Barome, at the
foot of the mountain, either escaped the avalanche, or, being
strongly built, resisted the detached fragments ; but the store-
houses of the inhabitants, in which they had placed their pro-
visions for the winter, are buried, and their fields are covered
with sand and stones. There are still large fissures in the
forest on the upper part of the mountain, and it is feared that
new shocks of earthquake, or the thaw in the spring, will
cause other falls of earth."

EIVGLISH Re ILWIYI3.—To realise the idea of England, aided
by 8,000 miles of railway, we must try to imagine England
destitute of railways. Without railways now, where would
be our commerce, our military force, or our progress ? But
what are our railways ? They are so common to us as to cease
to excitexonder ; And we are apt to forget their magnitude
and complexity. Well, they represent a capital of £286,000,000.
They are 8,000 miles long, and have 2,500 stations. Their
working gives employment to 90,000 persons. They conveyed
last year 111,000,000 of passengers, and the trade in mer-
chandise and minerals upon them will now amount to one
million of tons per week. To work them, 6,000 locomotive
engines, 100,000 waggons, and 20,000 passenger vehicles are
required. Their locomotives represent a force equal to that
of 1,250,000 horses; and if all the vehicles working were put
together, end to end, they would reach from the Channel to
the Scottish border. or, at least, 400 miles. The Railway
Company is also a great owner of moving stock, and a great
constructor in consequence. It is also a great carrier, and
owner of steam-boats, omnibuses, horses, and carts outside.—
Morniv Herald.

THE IRON TRADE.—Statement of make, home consumption,
shipments, stock, and average price of Scotch pig iron for
ten years :

Shipments

and home Stock Average
Year. Make. consumption. 31st Dec. prices.
1845 ...... 475,000 ...... 390,000
1846 ...... 570,000
1847 ...... 510,000 ...... 579,000
1848
1849 .„... 690,000
1850 595,000
1851
1852 ~.... 775,000 ...... 675,000 450,000
1853
1854 ...... 770,000
Till Nov. 20,
1856
SHIP-BUILDIXO OX THE CLYDE. - Steam-vessels of the
largest class, fitting with machinery, are still the prominent
feature of our long line of quays. No less than seven vessels
are at present fitting oat. Mr. Napier's mammoth, the Persia,
4,000 tons burthen and 1,000 horse power, is in a forward
state, and will be ready for sea next month. We observe that
this magnificent vessel, with Mr. Napier's usual liberality, hat
been thrown open to the inspection of the public, at a small
rate-the funds thus raised to be given to the Royal Infirm,
ary. The next vessel in point of size to the Persia is the City
of Edinburgh, 2,500 tons, by Messrs. Tod and Macgregor.
lingo the other, she is to be propelled by the screw, and is
intended for the New York trade, from this port. A finer spe•
cimen of marine architecture has never appeared in our har-
bour. Messrs. Smith and Rogers' large screw steamer, the
Spartan, 1,40 p tons, for the Liverpool and Mediterranean trade,
shows to great advantage, being nearly ready for sea. Besides
those we have mentioned, are Messrs. Napier's screw, the
Again& jmperiale, for Austrian Lloyd's, a vessel of about 1,000
tons. Messrs. Barclay and Curle have also in harbour their
last screw, the Tantallan, recently launched from their new
yard at Whiteinch. We have also at the crane on the south
side, the Khersonese, a very large auxiliary screw-propelled
ship, recently launched at Belfast, and now having her engines
fitted by Messrs. Randolph and Elder.-Iron ship-building is
going on with much spirit in Port-Glasgow. In Messrs. John
Reid and Co.'s there is a screw steamship of 1,400 tons, for
the Pacific Company. Another is a screw of 325 tons, for the
same owners. The third is a sailing ship of about 1,000 tons,
for Messss. Heap and Son, Liverpool ; and, for the same par-
ties, a second ship of about 500 tons. Then there is a sailing
ship of about 500 tons, for Messrs. Rathbone Brothers, Liver-
pool, and one of the same tonnage for Messrs. Lamport and
-Holt, of Liverpool ; and a paddle steamer of 522 tons, for the
Oporto and Lisbon trade.-North British Daily Mail.
MEMOIR OF TEE KING OF SWEDEN.-OSCar 1., King of
Sweden and Norway, born July 4, 1799, is the only issue of
the marriage of Marshal Bernadotte, with Desiree Clary;
daughter of a merchant of Marseilles, whose elder sister mar-
ried Joseph Bonaparte. Oscar Bernadotte was placed, at the
age of nine years, in the Imperial Lyceum, where his name
may yet be seen on the walls of the various quarliers of that
establishment. Marshal Bernadotte was elected Crown Prince
of gweden, accepted the reversion of the crown, and borrowing
2,000,000 francs, that he might not appear in Stockholm with
only his sWord, proceeded at once to that capital with his son,
after both had abjured Catholicism on the road, and embraced
Lutheranism, the dominant religion of Sweden. Bernadotte
had shortly the satisfaction of seeing his son soon forget his
French in the course of a year, and acquire, under the
teaching of the poet Atterborn, perfect mastery over
the Swedish language. In 1818, when, after the death of
Charles XIII., Bernadotte ascended the throne, he trans-
mitted to Oscar the title of Chancellor of the Univer-
sity of Upsal, of which, next year, he became a student, His
military instruction kept pace with his literary instruction,
and in 1818 he became Colonel of the Guards. He had
scarcely quitted the Swedish soil during his reign. Once,
however, under pretence of going to visit the banks of the
Rhine, he pushed as far as Eichstadt, in Bavaria, the resi-
dence of Eugene Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, whose
eldest daughter, Josephine, he married July 19 of that year.
This marriage was much talked of in Europe, as seeming to
prove that the plebeian origin of the new Swedish dynasty
had not been forgotten by the courts of the continent. In
1834 he was named Viceroy of Norway ; and in 1838, in con-
sequence of the continued illness of his father, Regent of the
kingdom. In 1844 he ascended the throne, and became heir
to a personal fortune of 80,000,000 francs, saved by the late
King from a civil list of but 3,000,000 francs per annum. His
government has been marked by liberality and Justice. He
has four sons and two daughters, one of whom the old King
of Denmark wished to make his third wife, but received a
positive refusal.

THE IMMORAL PRESB.-It appears from the Edinburgh
Review, that the total number of immoral publications issued
was 29,000,000 annually, being more than all the publications
of the different religions societies, and the seventy religious
magazines. The present circulation in London itself of deeply
immoral publications amounts to 4,000,000 weekly, and in one
large manufacturing town alone the weekly issue of an impious
blasphemous penny paper exceeds 23,000: the editor and pro-
prietor of that paper both deny the existence of a God.
MAGNIFICENT PRENomENoN.—On Friday evening, about
7 o'clock, an extraordinary phenomenon was observed in the
heavens. A ball of fire suddenly appeared in mid-air, and
darted along in a straight line over about a third of the sphere,
leaving behind it a trail of vapour, like the tail of a comet.
It then burst like a rocket, but without noise, falling in a
shower of sparks, which, however, instantly disappeared. The
phenomenon was wholly different from ordinary meteoric
appearances, and formed a spectacle at once sublime and awful.
SMITHFIELD CLua.—The annual Christmas show will take
place on the 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th of this month, at the
Agricultural Implement Bazaar, Baker-street, London. In
addition to the five gold and thirty-eight silver medals, the
amount of money prizes this year awarded by the club is
£670, being an increase in that respect upon former years,
and the number of enteries and the names of the contribu-
tors indicate a belief that the show will altogether exhibit
more than an average excellence in the quality as well as
breed of the animals. A fine collection of agricultural
machinery, consisting of corn crushers, prize chaff-cutting
machines, &c., &c., are now being manufactured by Messrs.
Richmond and Chandler, South John-street, Liverpool, for
the above exhibition. The same firm are now executing an
order for H. R. H. Prince Albert, of improved machinery
intended for operations in the Isle of Wight.

ENGLISH AND FRENCH POLICE.—Some London police-
men were present at the closing of the Paris Exhibition; to
keep order among the English visitors. A correspondent
compares the policemen of the two forces :—The French police
constable is more polished than the English one—takes off his
hat with infinitely more grace—and, when he is quite at
leisure, answers a question with a greater appearance of a
desire to satisfy the inquirer. But cross him in the least,
attempt to explain to him any misconception of his orders,
try to gain his attention when he is excited from any cause
whatever, and he becomes a tiger. The English " Bobby" is
a man of few words, not much addicted to touching his hat to
strangers ; but, while a model of firmness, prides himself on
keeping his temper. He is not quick to perceive rebellion,
accepts a first disobedience merely as a misunderstanding, and
repeats his commands in a determined but not angry voice.
THE LATE ADMIRAL BLOAT was educated at the Ecole de
Brest, and was an aspirant of the first class in 1815, an en-
sign in 1819, a lieutenant in 1827, and commanded a frigate
in 1831. He obtained the rank of vice-admiral in 1852, and
was a full admiral in 1855. He was known in the French
navy as a brave, indefatigable, and generous officer. He was
early in life engaged on the African coast, when he was
wrecked, and taken as a prisoner of war to Algiers. On his
return to France he commanded the Jena and the Triton,
first-class ships. Afterwards he was named governor of two
French colonies, and subsequently occupied important naval
posts under the government of General Cavaignac. During
the present war he was second in command with Admiral
Hamelin, and was present at the bombardment of Sebastopol,
October 17. When Admiral Hamelin returned he took the
command of the allied squadrons. He died of rheumatic gout,
which attacked his stomach. He had just left Constantinople,
after being filed by the Sultan, and was congratulated by the
ambassadors of the allies.
A HUNGARIAN TRAGEDY.--A young Hungarian soldier
named Wesseley, belonging to an Austrian regime,nt in the
garrison of Rastadt, was executed a few mornings ago in that
town, for murder, in virtue of the sentence of a court-martial.
Wesseley, who was a young man of excellent character, con-
ceived a violent passion for a young woman named Manckert.
a countrywoman of his, who was servant in a public-house at
Rastadt, and he paid his addresses to her. She pretended to be
in love with him, promised to marry him, and made him give
her all the money lie received from his family, or was able to
earn by his skill as a farrier. All at once, to his dismay, he
learned that she had long been engaged to be married to a
man in Hungary ; and when he called on her for an explana-
tion, she admitted that she meant to marry that man and no
other, and that she had only pretended to be in love with
him in order-- to get his money, to be able to marry sooner.
On this Wesseley, in despair, plunged a knife into her heart,
and killed her instantaneously. He was sentenced for this
crime to be hanged, but no hangman could be found for miles
around, and so he was ordered to be shot. He was marched
to the glacis of the forts under a strong guard, and there
found about 2,500 soldiers drawn up. .He calmly took off his
coat, bandaged his eyes, And then knelt down. The soldiers,
as is usual in Germany on such occasions, knelt also, and
three riflemen, who had recently carried off prizes for their
skill in shooting, were ordered forward. All the soldiers
then began singing a hymn, and, in the midst of it, the sig-
nal to fire was given —at the same moment the criminal,
struck by three balls, fell dead.— Galignani's Messenger.
ATTEMPTED 11117RDER IN LEICESTERSHIRE.—About mid-
night on Sunday last week, the village of Snarestone, which
lies between Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Atherstone, was the
scene of a most atrocious attempt at murder. There is a
small farmer of Snarestone, an old man, named John Fowkes,
who was to make his will, leaving a large proportion of his
property to his grandson, names John Acres Fowkes. At
this, one of the old man's sons, who was also named John
Fowkes, felt aggrieved, and he had been
,repeatedly heard to
threaten his nephew. About half-past eleven o'clock on
Sunday night, the young man John Acres Fowkes met
with a county policeman, and asked him to go into his grand-
father's and have a glass of ale. To this the policeman as-
sented, and at the old man's house they found, besides the
grandfather, an uncle of the young man, a shopkeeper,
named William Fowkes. Just about midnight, a gun was
fired apparently close to the window, the shot from which
struck the young man in the face, particularly about the eyes
and forehead. He was sitting nearly opposite the window,
about two yards and a half from it, and fell down directly he
was shot. Immediately the gun was fired, William Fowkes
exclaimed, " That's our Jack that fired." The policeman
rushed to the door, but found it fastened on the outside.
After some little delay the cord with which it was fastened
was cut, and the officer went into the street and round the
house, but could see nobody. He went to Ashby, and about
five on Monday morning, the uncle, John Fowkes, was taken
into custody on a charge of shooting his nephew.A gun and
some shot were found in the prisoner's house, and a pair of
boots which corresponded with some footmarks discovered
near his father's house. The cord with which the door was
fastened on the outside has been identified as his property.
The prisoner was a butcher, and lived about half a mile from
his father's. The young man's recovery was considered to be
hopeless.

Tun EMBASSY TO Bunmell.—The embassy has been duly
received at Ava. The official audience was granted on the
13th of September. The envoy, attended by Burmese officers-
of the household and a magnificent cavalcade, entered the
palace by the eastern gate. The route was most circuitous,
the king having desired that his subjects should have a full
view of the procession. At the foot of the steps leading to
the audience-hall the British officers took off their shoes and•
swords, and then seated themselves on the carpet in front of
the throne. The roof of the audience-hall is supported on a
vast number of beautifully-carved and gilded pillars ; the
floor of masonry is raised 15 feet from the ground, and is- as,
smooth as marble. The throne stands on a pedestal of gold,
inlaid with mirrors and coloured glass, and over it is a gilded
canopy. Below, within eight yards and a little to the left,
sat the heir apparent in a car facing the throne, and behind
him and on the other side sat some members of the royal
family, and in the centre and immediately before the British
'officers sat the king's and the heir apparent's sons, five of
each; all these were most richly dressed in velvet brocade
and gold tissue. Still further back, and in the same line with
the embassy, sat the ministers and other officers of state.
The King was magnificently dressed, being loaded down with
jewellery, while the Queen, on his right hand, wore a crown
of diamonds shaped like a cornucopia. A sort of hymn was
sung by the attendant priests, formal compliments were ex-
changed, and presents given and received. Major Phayre re-
ceived a gold chain of nobility, a ruby ring, a richly einbos§o4
gold cup, and a piece of silk. Captain Yule, Dr. Forsythe,
Major Allen, arid Captain Rennie received each a ruby ring, a-
plain gold cup, and a piece of,silk, and all the others a ruby
ring and a piece of silk. The reception was gracious, but
there is evidence of the disposition to consider the mission as
a. sort of sin offering. Major Phayre has once or twice been
compelled to assert his dignity as a British representative.
The introduction of the Queen marks the wide dissimilarity
of Indian and Burmese manners. The embassy has, by this
time, returned to Rangoon.—Bombay Times.
EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.—The committee of inves-
tigation into the affairs of this company have just issued their
tepOrt. It is-asi'olUinitiOui document, of which the following
is a synopsis :—The committee state that the investigation
not only sustains all the charges brought by the auditors
against the management at the last meeting, but that those
charges were far below what would have been warranted. It
is asserted that no correct balance had ever been struck in
the stores department since Mr. Waddington was chosen
chairman, that goods untouched have been sold for old stores,
and that on occasions when these tenwtious Were
taking place the company were buying fresh goods at from
10 to 40 per cent. above the highest market prices. Illegal
additions are represented to have been made to the capital
account of £69,606 which belonged to the Norfolk Company.
Preferential contracts have been entered into with individual
firms to carry coals, cattle, &c., at a positive loss to the share-
holders, and also to the damage of regular traders, who were
thus shut out from fair competition. In one of the concerns
thus favoured—the Norfolk and Eastern Counties -Coal Com-
pany—the locomotive superintendent was a partner, and his
certificates were actually taken as to the quality of the coal he
himself supplied. The Tilbury ,and Southend line has been
leased; in the opinion of the committee, on improvident terms,
and the arrangements with respect to the Woolwich line,
Lowestoft Harbour, the steam-boats of the Eastern Union.,
Railway, and the steam traffic between Harwich an a Ant.
werp, are also strongly condemned. With
locomotive superintendent, it is r'!cornill.Z-nded that a claim on
r: Bard to the
his part of •,193 shout g lioi be paid until the justice of
payments to the Amount of nearly £20,000,' made to him for
per-centages since 1850, shall have been settled by arbitration,
and that his existing engagement be referred to the law officers
of the company with a view to its termination. An advance
of £B,OOO to the corporation of Harwich and commitments to
an outlay at that place of £30,000 are involved in obscurities
which the committee have been unable to fathom. Since Mr.
Waddington became chairman, in 1851, the additions to
capital have been to the extent of £1,213,952, or at a
rate which the committee consider would, _if it were
continued, ' soon destroy the dividend available for un-
guaranteed shareholders. A considerable portion of this
amount should not have gone to capital at all.
In relation . to the maintenance of the permanent way,
which the last committee of investigation recommended should
be met by an annual apportionment of £32,000, it appears
that the amount appropriated for the purpose in 1855 has been
only £3,200, and that an outlay is now necessary of £150,000-
The examination of the accounts for the last half-year has re-
sulted in showing that, instead of £57,581 being,
as repre-
sented, divisible for dividend, the amount was only £21,203.
Previous returns are believed to have been of the same de-
lusive character, and the audit by the professional auditors
has been imperfect and, in the opinion of the committee, en-
tirely useless. Finally, it is unanimously sribmitted that the
election of a chairman at a salary of £2,000 a-year has acted
most prejudicially to the interests of the company by de-
creasing the influence of the individual members of the board,
and it is likewise pointed out that another great evil consists
in the fact that out of the 15 directors of the company only
eight represent its regular interests, five representing the
Northern and Eastern Company, and the remaining two the
East Anglian. Accompanying the report is a msytisstsemofpAulTri.
deme, containing extraordinary revelationi of the • -
sued during the past five years,