The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1876-11-04 00:00:00

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The Daily Telegraph remarks :—" There is something
peculiarly melancnoly about the fate of Charles William
Paul, one of the four men whose lives have been gallantly
laid down in this grand enterprise. Paul, a seaman gunger,
was a netve of ymouth. and perhaps the most powerful
man in the expedition. He was originally one of the crew
of the Valorous, but volunteered to Join the Discovery at
Godhavn, and when the first-named ship returned to Devon-
port, on Aug. 29, 1876, after an, absence of three
months, an affecting_ Incident occurred. Paul's father
and sister went off in a boat to greet him on his return,
taking with them, as a treat after his rough northern
cruise, a leg of mutton and other fresh provisions.
Seeing how naturally great would be the disappointment of
the old man and his daughter, a sailor of the Valorous went
down the ship's side into the boat, and gently broke the news
to them that " Charlie" had gone on board the Diacovery
for longer and harder service in the Arctic regions. This
determined truant had sent home, as a present to console
those who were anxiously expecting him, a miniature model
of a kyak, which he bad made In his leisure hours. The father
and sister have now heard, sadder tidings of the brave fellow,
whose hardships,voluntarily endured, are past, and who sleeps
In peace amid the stormy desolation of the frozen sea. William
Ward, armourer, on board the Discovery, is another on the
brief roll of the dead; for though the name of 'Hand'
appears in the telegrem, nobody is so entered on the ship's
Mt, and it is too evident that the mistake was male for
Ward, a native of flamboroegh. Yorkshire, 31 years of ago.
George Porter, aged 27, wu a gunnor of Marino Artillery,
In the Alert, and was servant to Lieutenants Aldrich and
Parr. Niels Christjan Petersen, who died alter the
amputation of both his feet for frose bite, was a Dane.
aerd 23 and married. He was formerly in the Danish
Greenland service, which be quitted to follow in the
expedition of Dr. Hayes up Smith Sound in 1860-61, as
dog.driver. Petersen had been a cooper, and was probably 1
more expert at his old trade than at dog.driving, when he I
undertook such service for Dr. Hayes • inasmuch as that
explorer criticised poor Petereen's handling of his long.
lashed whip, which he was nuable to crack in orthodox
fashion. I; is, however, certain that he picked up consider-
able knowledge of his later business: for he was heartily
welcomed as dog-driver to the Alert. Lie must not, of
course, be confounded with his namesake, Dr. Rink's Petereen,
who I:shale and hearty at this preterit moment, we hope. in
Copenhagen."

pre: F ota,k7l.lk.

1 The Evening ,Standard makes the following remarks
upon the return of the Arctic Expedition :
'The first feeling with regard to the Polar Expedition
Will le one of dikappointment that it has not returned
re infectd. It hits not reached the Pole, but has once more
verified Thomas llo,d's old pike, th a the neet successful of
searchers for the Pole wou:d only come to "a stick in the
ice." But beyond the natural pique at not being able to do
exactly what we set ourselves Cu no there is really no reason
to be at all dlseatisfiA. Oar brave officers and men have
80110 to the very limits of their powers. They arrive
home invalided ; they have penetrated further "than
ever man has gone before: they have been where
neither 'Polar bear nor Arctic bird can live; and
have. Veneteated • .solitudes and silences never before
broken by intrusion of man or beast. They have faced
a,cold of 78 degrees below zero, and have been for 142 days
witbdut.sight of the inn. The barrier of ice wh:ch shut them
out from their prize was 150 feet Noir, and so rough that pro-
-fermi mitt was impossible. Last of all, four good men and
true have left their bodes in this kingdom of snow and ice,
and the loss of them is the heaviest part of the price paid for
the knowledge we have now obtained. We are promised
great scientific results, and we have every reason to expect
them. Every scientific appllarce that we could wish to em-
ploy has been carried within four hundred miles of the Pole
MAU to A Dila where the daily rotation of the earth b

0 a.- eovision depilate _. complete along the the rate of not more a ha- a miles an hour, in
oa th
te, and the safety of the Avellers insured. place of the Ousafid that it is at the Equator. No
' *fact. with the exception of the chaplains and Repine doubt electricity and magnetism have been closely tines-
edical officers, all were absent; the latter gentlemen, :Maned, and made to part with some of their secrets. The
irtenately. having more than enough to do taking care of.. final extent of American land has been ascertained. The
heir invalids, theory of an open Polar Sea has been to come extent die-
.
"When at Polaris Bay Captain Stephenson hoisted the credited. If there be such a' sea it can be approached only
Americau ensign and fired a salute as a brass tablet, which from the Iceland side of Greenland, on. which sole some
he and Captaha Neres had prepared in Raglan:de was fixed on .people still believe in possible help from the general *et of
Bull's grave. The plate bore the following inscription :—.:- warm *bids and currents. But in the direction of Smith
"Sacred to the memory of Captain C. F Hall, of the U.S. Sound our brave countrymen have clearly done all that
ihip Polaris who sacrifieed his life in the advancement of there is to be done; and we heartily wish them a recovery of
science on November 8, 1871. This tablet has been erected the health and the comfert which. they did not
leesttate to
by the British Polar Expedliton at 18t5, who, following in' interlace for the public good." : e . N ' C
his footsteps, have profited by his experience.' . .„
" lundd Mon to the • dospatch of the northern travellers, St lik • PREVIOUS ARCTIC, EXPEDITIONS.
the coast line to the westward of the Alert's position was
The following is a list of ships of British, forei
traced for a distance of 220 miles by a party under the corn-
mend of Lieuieuant Aldrich -. the extreme .Position reached and private expeditions which have D 0,..,,
was in lat. 8210 N., long. 83 sio W., the coett line being c, n- the Fraoklin Expedition sailed :
Cumin' from the Alert's winter (piasters Tha meet northern From 1848-49. Fier Majesty's ship Eeterpriee, Sir J. C.
land, Cape Columbia, is in lat. 8.3 7 N., long. 70 30 W. Ross, One winter, 25 days In Melville Bay, one death; Her
The coast of Greenland Was explored by travelling parties Majesty's ship Investigator, Captain Bird one winter 25
am the Discovery,Andet tlae command of Lieutenants days in Melville Bay, lox deaths:
autuont and Rawson; they succeeded in reaching a post.. From 1849 50.—Her Majesty's North Star, Coiimander
' tion in lat. 82 18 N. long. 50 40 W., 70 miles north-east of Saunders, one winter, fifty-seven days in Melville ay, four.
Repulse Harbour. The land extended as far as lat 82 64 N., deaths; her Majesty's ship Plover, Captain Moore and Cap.
long. 48 33 W., but very misty weather prevented its charac- Cain Maguire, three winters, three deaths ; her Majesty's ship
ter being determined with exactness. Enterprise, Captain Collinson, three winters, three deaths;'
"Lieutenant Archer, with a party from the Discovery, her Majesty's ship Investigator, Captain M'Clure, four
explored Lady Franklin Smnd, proving that it terminates at winters, six deaths; her Majesty's ship Resolute, 'Captain
a distance of 65 miles from the mouth, with lofty mountains Austin, one winter, forty-five dates in Melville, Bey, 'one
and glacier-filled valleys to the westward. i . , death; her Majesty's ship Assistance, Captain OmmAnney,
"Lieutenant Fulford and Dr. Copptnger eXPIOred Peter- one winter, forty-five days in Melville Bay; her. Majesty's
matte Fiord, finding it blocked up with a low glacier, which ship Blonder, Lieutenant Osborne, one winter; her Majesty's
extends amps from shore,to shore. . elnarepid, Lieutenant Caton one winter; brig Lady Franklin,
"With the exception of Hayes Sound the coast line of -Captain Penny. one winter; brig Sophia, Captain Stewart,.
ortyth,
T
Smith Sound has now been explored from northto south. "
one winter; the schooner Prince Albert, Captain
• . summer cruise;* the schooner Felix, Sir John Ross and Cap-
"To give some idea of the amount of work entailed in ' tam n Phillips, one winter; the ,Advance (American), Lieu-
sending pat ineArctio sledge partyand advancing:provisinrie tenant Griffiths, one white'', drifting; the Rescue, Lieutenant
for their sustenance, it may be mentioned that, in order to Dohaven, one winter, drifting.
support the extended travellers on the north' coast of Green-
land and. those examining Petermann' Fiord,' Robeson r i'From 1851-52 —The 'schooner Prince Albert, Mr Kennedy,
Channel was crossed 11 times from the Alert.B,Position to a one winter • Her Majesty's ship Assistance, Sir E. Belcher,
depOt established north of Cape Brevoort, and Hall's Basin two winters:- 33 days in Melville Bay ' • Her Majesty's ship
ResoluteaVaptain Kellett, two winters, 18 days in Melville
11 times between Discovery Bay and Polaris Bay, making a . Bay, six deaths; Her 'Majesty's ship Pioneer, Commander
total of 22, sledge parties crossing the Straits, including the, Osborn, two-relater.; fi gitMafisety's ship Intrepid, Lieutenant
transportnicol,twe_notits, Tne maindeptie at Cepa Joseph:
e'
Henry, Mr the support of the northern and western divi-
MClintock, two winters; Her Majesty's ship North Star,
sions,: 37, rolleil from the Alert, was Xleitedi bj 16 different . u°lnmander e ugeni
.;
two winters 38 days in Melville BLIP
three deaths Steamer Isabel, Captain Inglefleld. No detest-
Sledges. • lion In Melville Bay; summer cruise. .
"All the Polariais cairns were visited. At.the boat depdt
From 1853-U.—Her Majesty's ship Pbcanix, Captain Thais
in Neeman's Bay a box chronometer, by Negue New York,
fleet, nine days in Melville, Bay.- summer cruise; Her Ha-
waii found to be in perfect order after an exposure of four jeers ship Inicenix, Captain Ingleneld, took the pack 30 days,
winters ; ithas since been keeping stresellent time on board
.summer
crulsee-Her Majesty's ship Talbot, Captain Jenkina
of the Discovery. - -..----T,l-- summer Cringe ; Advance, American brig, Dr. Kane, two
Some wheat sent butld Mi. Pole/oil-1W eiffiet4o ascertain winters, tOok the Peak, to days.
whether it would deteriorate when exposed to extreme cold From 1867 to 1863.—Steamer Fox,'Ciiptaln M'Clintock two
has been grown successfully under a glass shade by Dr.' Bel-
winters, first winter in pack, second season through in nine
grave Ninnis. o a . , • days, three deaths; schooner United States, Dr. Hayes, one
"Doing the absence of 'the travellers, owing to their winter, two days in Melville Bay, one death.
inability to procure any fresh game as most former Expedi-
From 1871-73.—Steamer Polaris, Captain Hall, two winters,
lions had done, an attack of scurvy broke out in each of the • ,
. no aetention in Melville Bay one death; Steamer Juanita-
Lieutenant Merriman, no detention in Melville Bayesumme;
extended sledge parties when at their farthest distance from
any help. The return journeys were therefore a prolonged
struggle homewards of gradually weakening men, the avail- cruise ; Steamer Tigress, Captain Green, summer cruise.
able force to pull the sledge constantly decreasing, and the
weight to be dragged as steadily increasing, as one after - , - a i - e - ' il
th anoer the invalide were 'WOO/. down _and had to be "YOUTHFUL - GALLANTRY REWARDZD.,
carried by their weakened comrades Lieutenant Par setting
out for a lovely heroic walk of thirty-five miles, over soft
At a meeting of the Royal Humane Society, 11l
snow and the heavy broken•up ice, guiding himself in the
mist by the fresh track of a roaming wolf, brought intelli• Tuesday, held at the offices, Trafalgar-square, London,'
gence to the Alert of the prostration of the Northern divi-
sion. Relief was Immediately sent out, officers and men a number of cases of saving life in various parts of
alike dragging the sledges; but, unfortunately, the parties the world were investigated and rewards of various
did not meet In time to save the life of the man who died, descriptions conferred. A handsome testimonial, in.
and who had been buried by the roadside in tlae thick ice scribed on vellum, describing thgseoirnslesor,vfnictaehmseerdHenoldvne.rile
jada.arolsd,
only a few hours previously. I the acknowledgments of the society, was unanimously
"On arriving on board, out of the original seventeen men, voted to Edmond Waterton Coningsby Erskine, A boy
five only—the two officers and three men, Radmore, Joliffe, fifteen
savingyear years otfwaogeihtthiee
and Maskell—were able to work; three others, Laurence,
aged respectively ten and twelve, at Southsea, under
Harley, and Winston, cheerfully but painfully struggled on
with alpenstocks, acid were just able to walk on board; the
remainder, being perfectly helpless, were carried on sledges, the following gallant circumstances
"The Greenland and Western divisions not returning on I "At about two o'clock on the 12th of July, while at
; :
thellay-appotnted, rellet was sent to meet them, and on each the back of the' baths IA anithsea,.
slopes down Bud-
tbe two children
occasion it arrived Inst_ in the nick of lime. In the Western railed down the enibinkment which
party, Lieutenant Aldrich and one man, Adam Ayles, out of
denly to the sea, and were at once in deep water with
a crew of seven, remained at the drag ropes.
; a rapid tide. Irwin Erskine, who witnesei the
"In the Greenland division, when met by lieutenant i withllint litsaitation plunged in, without
Rawson and DreConninger,,Lientenant Beaumopte Alexander i ..fte„4.d_ ent
Grey, ice quartermaster, and 'Frank Jones, stoker, were ettvesting''himself of any of his clothing, to their
dragging forward their four helpless comrades, two at a mane, and, ,after swimming a short distance, came
time, is best they could, thankful if they advanced only up' with themafter they had twice sank. Seizing
half a mile a day. Before arrival at the Polaris dee&J them by their hair, he pulled them both on his back
Grey and Jones were obliged to fall out, leavinelthe Mee
and in doing so was severely bitten in tho hand by one
officers alone at the drag ropes; the dog sledge, under Bans,
the Etkimo' who has been of the utmost service to the of them; but he proceeded to swim towards the shore
Expedition, helping to este:ince the' invalids onivard tsito at as well as he could, having only recently learnt to
at time. The two who died just succeeded in reaching swim. He was fortunately joined by another youth,
house, who took one of the children from him, and they ulti
n ol
lltaehrdei s-
mately got both the girls to the side of the rocks, when
rceihe ahcitnnear
bHe above
fao Hall's
ds their
gtheira
v e.spirits
- Arctic
h wereo .
"-gentleman named Cowan, came'tm their assiatanCe,
called away. sal
and
Ted hs sightinget side
e wereo t hbteuh
"Notwi standing thb deplorable itata to which all these
.and thek were landed in safety." • '—
men wer d, inimediately fresh fodd-was procurable
they steadily recovered, the last man being clear of - the .
doctor's hands two months afterwards. ,
"However vivid the description may be, it is difficult for RAILWAY. . :
NC
UNPUTUALITY,.. i
... . ....
.....
a stranger to the surrounding circumstances and scenery to .'.
.
realize the condition and appearance of these prostrated , . 1... . , , ,
bands of men. Separated by long distances, their sufferings . On Tuesday, at the BloomsbutranintrCourt, before Mr.
Russell, iJudse,ibit.4. Smith, of Wood-green, sued
the Great Northern Railway Company for £1 f 4, as compen-
were totally unknown to each other or at head-quarters on
G. Lake
p for the loss sustained by the unpunctuality eta train on
board their respective ships; and yet one and all Misplayed
°ltiaateicielreat Northern Railway. The plaintiff conducted his
the same courageous pluck, and, in spite of their general
collapse, remained faithful to their duty, resolutely struggling
onwards, determined to held to each other to the last, their own case, and Mr. Harmsworth, barrister, appeared for the
ardour in no way checked as the difficulties of their journey defendants :
increased, and 'their manful determination Increasing as Plaintiff stated that on the 2nd of September he left
greeter sacrifices were demanded, home intending to go by train from Wood-green to
"After their trials and sufferings there can no longer be the Farringdonstreet Station, and thence to '• the
any difficulty in understanding the statement concerning Sir Waterloo Station of the South-Western Railway, to
John Franklin's men as made by the Eskimo to Sir Leopold proceed to Weymouth by the train leaving at 12.10.
M'Clintock :--' They fell down and died as they walked On arriving at the Wood-green Station to go by the
along.'
10.56. train he found it did not arrive till 1.1.33, it and
"This is by no means the first occasion of Arctic travellers
being stricken, and the disease is (nearly traceable to the did not reach the Farringdon-street Station till five
absence of fresh meat, even preserved meat being insuffi- minutes to twelve, He took a cab and made all
dent to keep off its attacks when severe labour is de- haste to the Waterloo Station, but on his arrival
mended. found the train had gone, and he had to wait three
"The Greenland party falling back on the Polaris depot hours, and to pay £1 se. more than if he had
remained there until the teen had recovered, and did not gime by the train he led • intended to go - by.
finally reerbsi the Strait tenni after the ice had broken up. IHe wrote to the railway Company asking for compen-
" Ancient Kskimoremains were traced on the west side of I eation, and received an answer stating that they did
Smith Sound up to latitude 81 deg. 52 min. N.. From not contract to take him to the Waterloo Station. On
position the wanderers had evidently crossed the channel at
its narrowest part to Greenland. The most diligent ross-examination he said he knew that by the train
search was made further north, but no. trice of _tfiem'dis- wing at 11.33 he would be too late in getting to the
...,
covered. aterloo Station, but was in hopes the train would
" Six musk oxen were shot at the Alert's winter nuarters, ' pick up some part of the time. The delay was in the
and teree half way between her position and that of the Vain before it arrived at' Wood-green; there was no,
Discovery, while be.were shot near Discovery Bay. delay between Wood-green and Farringdon Stations.'
"The remaining items in the Alert's game list at her wife and children were with him, and he had
northern station show seven hares and 90 birds of different engaged apartments at Weymouth.
kinds, the latter shot only in July.
"The birds certainly do not migrate beyond Cape Joseph Mr. .Harmsworth, .on the 'part of :the defendants,
Henry, latitude 82 60 N. Very few besides those accounted maintained that the railway company were not liable
for by the sportsmen passed the Alert. It being light night to make compensation to- the plaintiff. When he took
and day, each Rock was readily seen, as they followed each Lis ticket and found the train late he might have
.other directly over the :ship along the land. • :.iia xi : applied at the booking office and got his money re-
" Very few seals were seen north of Cape union, and no turned. The railway company by the Conditions wage
bears, dovektes, or looms ever reach the Polar Sea. In not liable for any loss sustained by the unAunctuality
, fact, ',the Arctic Sea teeming with life' has been proved a of their trains provided due diligence was used, and in
'fallacy. It is rather a desert; and it may well be said,
'Here life ends.' this case an accident happened to e• gdoda train
"Among other birds visiting the country, but not advanc- between Barnet and Oakley park, some of the goods
ling beyond the point mentioned, are the knots. Although no having fallen from a waggon On- to the ' line and
nests or eggs - wetefound. the-4oung inall stagea of growth thrown reveral waggons off the:rufeobil '
\-1 ' .2 -.1 - •
, were obtained."' -•- s- of which the 'line was blocked for thie_patiee
, .
"The ice in the Polar Sea remained hem until the 20th of train leaving Barnet to arrive at WOOd-green at li
Jain when there was a movement, increasing with each tide. „ToFeph Petterell, the guard of the goods train,
Oa the 31st the Alert succeeded in leaving her winter quarters Charles Seymour, signalman at the Oakley.]
and, after mauy struggles with the ice, joined company with
the Discovery on the 12th of August. Station, gave evidence of the accident which happ]
/ f
Of the paste
" The Greetiland sledging party under Lieutenant Beau-
was blocked, and Peter Barton,' guard to the goods train, pi consequence o whinh the
nsont, croasedakei channel and arrived at Diecavery• Bay on
the 14th, having been carried a long way south by the ice. train, gave evidence of the train being delayed bets
"Lady Frankiin Sound remained closed until the 20th, Barnett and Oakley-park, which made it arrite
when, a chance occurring, both ships were pushed into the Wood 'green after its time.
ice, and succeeded in crossing. His Honour said he would leave out of considera
"After this date the same kind of battle and slow progress everything relating to Weymouth as too remote,
took place daily between the ships and the ice as during the gave the plaintiff 104. dam -Tee.
passage north, every inch gained being of mportance as the
ice closed in the rear. Oecasienally a few tantalizing leads
of water presented themselves in the clang, but Captain
Nares would not be induced to leave the snore. As the
season advanced, or rather slipped away, many were the
flactuations in the social barometers as:hopes and fears rose
and fell, for it was not until the 9th of September, the very
last of the 'eaten, that the month of ,Hayes gound 'was
crossed, and the Expedition again rejoiced in 'open water.'
"On visiting the cairn at Cape Isabella a few letters were
found which had been left a few weeks previously by Captain
Allen Yetuig in the Pandora.
"Not knowing at the time that the heavy mail had been
left at Littleton Island on the opposite side of the Strait, a
course was shaped for the Carey Islands, but bad weather
prevented the letters known to be there from being obtained,
and the ships sailed onwards to Disco, where they arrived on
the 25th of September, and heard that they had left all their
letters and parcels behind them far to the north, where they
will probably remain for years to come. .
.ii-... In the nelahbourhood of the Discovery's winter quarters .
a seam of coal of good quality and readily worked was dis-
covered by Mr. Hart, naturalist, but unfortunately, not before,
the present summer, otherwise it might have been of service"
during the winter, when the allowance ot that article onl
board was necessarily kept as low as possible. .
, "Captain Feilden obtaieed some line fond' corals at the.
extreme northern hills.
~eless
n& i .
" Very large collections history subjects have
been made by the naturallits, assisted by one and all of the
officers and crew. The dreage and trawl were uzed on
several occasions with great success." '

4 -be

I ft
ALLEGED TURKISH ATROCITIES 4 to
ICL. (From Monday's Times.)
Ware requested-lby the Turkish Ambassadoi
priblae- the following copy; of al telegram his F.,1:
cellency bas just received from the Governor of
Jerusalem :
I
" DEPECHE TELEGRAPHIQUE.
"Le Gouverneur de Jerusalem 8. l'Ambassadeur Ottoman
Londres.
"Jerusalem, le 28, Octobre, 1878:
"routes nos recherches au snjet de la title Bulgare qui
serait venue 8. Palestine avec un soldat the tbatre de 1r
guerre ont die sans resultak It nous a ete tropoesiblo, G
trouver la moindre trace d'un tel fait. L'eveoine Protest=
lui-meme, persuade du manque de fondement de ce coats
te!egraphie anjourd'hui pour denientir rassertion -pub
. IIDI
dans to Times."
. • et: t-iso 1,
The folloivii* "telekrani, siñè& Mot,
and dated October 28, has been sent us [The Times]
from Jerusalem :
"I am informed that a private statement of m!ne has been
published in The Times that a native soldier had brought a
Bulgarian female here. I beg to state, at the request of the
Governor of Jerusalem, through her Majesty's Consul; who
has made diligent inquiry, that I have not seen the female,
and that although most respectable people speak of the
assumed fact it has not been proVed. As :cm have
gab-
lished that statement, please alioie •publish this exL
tion." ,

_srigh
Beige,
, Re '
led

MBi ,at arrived in Edinburgh on Saturday
iflao
evening from and was the guest of Mr. Duncan
Iti'Laren, M.P. ,He left on Monday for Newcastle.
• It is intended by the Central Ge,graphical Corn.
rnistton of Lisbon to send a scientific expedition to the coast
of Africa.
The late Miss Fladden, of Montrose, has left £l,OOO
to be invested for the annual benefit of eight ladies " who
have hen ili better circumstances."
Germany has ordered 90,000 American revolvers for
Its cavalry and artillery.
In reply to the delegates of the South Staffordshire
nainers,, the 'masters have refused to concede an advanc in
f T, the price of coil, and, as a consequence, a rise in wages, in
the present state of trade.
1:n, The past M•tyors of Exeter wh9lre still living have
hiretecaraeuf. , - ed in the purchase of ii-le*lng cup, Which they have
present-d Cu the city.
,riee, Sir J. C. The Oban Telegraph records the death of Alexander
one death ;Her Mazpherson, of lenisnafeoray, near GlenbOritidale, at the
one -winter extr4or4li.strisie of 110 34?Mit,
Captain Hates and his wife, formerly Miss; Anna
Bw.M/illleiglatiteitt whose mairiage in London attncted
some attention several year,. ago, have retired from show
life and built a house near It schester, New York. He is 7i
feet high, and she is an inch taller, and each weighs more
than 400 lb. • ;
iikaring"l3roOk,'!.the estate of the late Edwin .For-
rest, in the rsuburs3 of Philadelphia, which by his will was to
be made a "Home' of actors and actresses decayed by age or
disabled by infirmity," was last month evened for that pur-
pose.
,• • -
In Rome, on Monday, a bast wits unveiled' of Andrea
Cosaluina as the discoverer of the circulation of the blood.
His claim to that distinction was maintained by Professor
Scale', who alto dwelt upon his merits as a botanist, mine-
, ralpgist, and mastezt NOctive research. Pal A
The. Canard steamer Abosinia, which has just
arrived at Liverpeol. from New York, reports, on the 39th.
Inst., when in latitude 48,27, longllude_6B 52, having passed a
number of birrele Of uetroienm, a large quantity of other
wreckage, and a ship's entire lower mast.
-:The enceess Of tile Italian 100-ton gun at Spezia will'
It is believed, shortly lead to an order for the manufacture of 4
• a•gun of a conti,krable larger dimensions, probably of 180
tons. All the details for the constrnction of such a gun have
been worked out long since, and submitted to the War Office
for approval.
A telegram from Spezia states' that the performances
of tt.e Italian leo-tou gun had surpassed all expectation.
Although the armour plates were thicker than any hitherto
manufactured they were pierced and knocked to pieces. The
Schneider shield, however, resisted all the power of the gun,
and reduced the balls which struck it to fragments.
The Edinburgh shoemakers, who have been on strike)
for about a week have resumed work. They originally de-
manded an advance of wages varying from eight to twenty
per cent. for the different kinds of work. The scale which
has now been accepted ts an Increase of from six to seven'
per cent .., a. 0 - .1
The Field-Marsha -Commanding•in-Chief has issue
a Spada' General Order, directing that, until further orders,
the standard for infantry recruits is to be reduced to 5ft..,
5, 1• ' a
There lima long been a talk about setting up in the
streets a Paris a quantity of clocks, or rather dials, marking
the time with .the absolute and unerring uniformity ensured
by. electricity. The plan is now ripe for execntiogkand will
'Shortly carried out. • I
The following are the average prices of British
corn for the week ending Oct. 28, as received”froin the
Inspectors and officers of Excise :—Wheat, 475. la. ; barley, '
38s 9d. ; oats, 25s 2d. per imperial quarter. • CaineepOnding
week last year.—Wheat, 475. 4d.; barley, 381. id.;, oats.
24e. 6d.1 'el
The German Parliament was opened on Monday;.b,
In the Speech from the Throne' reference was made to theld
pacific character of the Emperor's policy, and an assurance-
given that the Mood'of Germany would never be shed eXcept
in the etefFnce of her honour and Interests,
Twis' ideti have been found suffocated in a lime-kiln
at Billingham, near Middlesborough. They had been filling
a lime-kiln, and their employer's son found them dead at the
bottom of the kiln.
Dating the lastp days upwards of 30 d_ogatelolig-;
log to residents Of 6 and Ashton.upma!Mersey haVe been
poisoned.
Tiae expenses incurred in they transpOrt of theirrionstm
81-ton gun from Woolwich to Shoeburyness amounted to
04ter £l,ooo—rather an expensive traveller I
Her Mej-sty the Queen has, on the recommendation
of the Prime Minister conferred a pension-of £lOO a year on
Mrs. Lane, wider/ ot Mr. Edward William Lane, the eminent
Oriental scholar. " • '
The steamer Govan, which left Androssan on' the
27th September for Rochefort, has been, given up as lost
The crew, including the master numbered 17. ,
• Out of the thirty-eight cotton-vinhtiii firml In
Preston twenty -two had on Sat ' resisted the not! ajof,,
• 'l,,vai

,turday poked tie notat
• their intentthirto close the mills on the 23rd of NoviSTIN

A. rime.? tejegram. front. Pid,ia says that Sciudiah
gest:La./rand Aisitertidn went ist --G *altar last week in honour
of the Qaeen's Indian title, and distributed a considerable
sum of money among the European and Native troops at
Morar, and alp gave a bangeet to the ainglish residents and
• eie Zi 140
7,11 t iieettsted 'lvbrit-of -.ld for the prout
)ected Channel tunnel is advancing rapidly. baa
. , . ,
The Goveriune,
nt thisieintotified that they do not
Intend to proceed with the Bill for providing a harbour of
refuge at Dover next session. .
The American papers announce the death, lit his
th eighty-six year pf the Hon. Francis P. B once a
ralnent politician end journatit 4r • I
e .
•At a recent' dinner given at a 4aJPre prelient
the widows of the distinguished composers, Rossini; ,
Spontini, the latter in her eighty-sixth year, and full
vigour. They remained in Paris during the siege and the
troubles of .the Commune.
There were 641;021. visitors at the Cmtennial Exhi-
bition last weak. Since the opening the total number of
visitors up to Saturday has been 8,453,923, and the total,
receipts 3 279,4814015. • •
News was received .in Liverpool on Saturday the
the s s Oberon. from New Orleans to Liverpool, had put in
Norfolk, Virgule, having been on fire at sea. She had to
discharge a hundred bales of cotten, but the damage to the
vessel is not of a serious charecter, and the owners have
received a later telegram stating that she had left Noriolk
and proceeded on her voyage. Toe captain had to' be left
behind, having had his arm broken.
A Grand Shooting Party, says Geignani, was given
by Baron Alphonse de Rothschild at Ferrieres on Sunday, in
honour of the Ciekt and Countess de Paris, among the
sportsmen being Marquis du Late Count d'Harcourt,
Count Greff dm- Over-650 head of game were brought
down, and emong them about 600 pheasents. In the even-
-lug two special trellis conveyed the guests invited 'to a brit-
tad ball, which terminated the day's festivities,
'
"We have great pleasure in being able to state that,
-at- the express, desire of the reue-hirs' Excellerecye •CountlL
..-Sehoreeekolf reeently called on LordeßeaconsfighiCtoexpress
' the utteiseiondiauon by ethe Intertel eGoveru &Mit' of the at
tack made by the Gobs on the Prime Minister, and teeper-
sonal offence and indignatiOn felt by the Crete ~at the article in
questiote!'—The Times, 'Patatdaye
Win, Beckett Den' bon, MP., fori-Eiiiit Ret-
,rd e , laid the foundation stone of the second of the series
of the memorial churches to be erected in Leeds in cortneo-
tien with the raheExtensiorl Bebe.. °,4llAoi which,
o vate/ZAL slyoUbsc bed. • glia. his cal leti
tha2ol ea of two
churchmen recently deceased.
The champion autograph book of the United St
—where the rage for signatures of eminent personag
as mat as ever—belongs to Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe.' It
„comprises twenty six volumes, and contabit 562.848enames,
and includes the esemr s of nearly. all themuinent wail en op
-Great Britain and our colonies—those who signed the Appe
In 1854 by the British women tes theiredietewsejeeeemeelce
the subject of slavery. . • leeee
. iiseeereet tett pi s _
• Gratifying news of the-Davies Straits wlojØi ii
its from Lerwick. All the vessels of -
one exception,' have good catches.
mach will be 780 tuni, and the value will 1201 i
-,z50,000. . • ...•
It is stated that the OrelatVAVl:lltiiinft
pany have granted to Mrs. Dunscombe, the wife or the di
who died from injuries received in the accident to
"Flying Dutchman," near. Long Ashton, £lOO, and
allowance of (is. 6d. per week whilst she -lives., They:
also granted to the father of Randall, the. fireman, £6O.
subscription has been started'on behalf of Mrs. Dunsce
which has resulted in the sum of £BO being raised.
conduct of the Great Western Company in this instance
the Railway Service Gazet:e)-has been handsome and wOl
of general imitation by railway companies.
The Gloucester., Cortesponelente oet Pie, Bristol
writes itliatt a 4.eseittiseilials be ferthedlio 'eellect subi
tionsahroughout the country for the purpose of provich
national memorial to Robort Raikes, the founder of Ste
Schools; and it has been determined to place the mem,
in Gloucester Cathedral, the city in which Raikes was '
where he carried out his great work, and where he
buried. The character of the memorial will. have
idetermined hereafter; but it will probably be a eta:
dow, or, perhaps a reredos for the exquisite Lady
the only port of the interior of the Cathedral which has
been restored. -
A correspondent at Alexandria writes :—" The r'
of the Nile this year has heel regarded with more than
anxiety, as many whose welfare is mixed
,up with tn.., of
Egypt dreaded a bad Nile •, for misfortunes, ills said, never
come singly, and a bed Nile would have been the worst of
all • but the plenty-producing water came down at the
average time in good quantity, which, together with a season
hot and dry, and singularly free from dews and heavy fogs,
has produced the finest cotton crop that has ever beenknown
Its Egypt."
A demonstration, under the auspices of the Lanca-
shire llntah of Conservative and Constitutional Astociationse
in support of the foreign policy of the Government, took
place at Manchester on Saturday. There assembled a very
large concoutse of people, and a number of members. of Pats
Bement were present. Resolutions were adopted expressing
admiration of the manner in which the Eastern policy of their
Goverement is being conducted, and condemning the violent.;
and inflammatory language used by some' statesmen fren;
from.the responsibilities of office.
. A niedical conference -in connection with the Church'
of England Temperance Society was held on Monday in the
Sheldonlan Theatre, Oxford, Dr. Aeland, President of the
Medical Council; in the ohair. A.ddressee were delivered by
Dr. Ittehardson, ;Pro:asset Roliiifson; and others. Dr.
Richardson stated, as the conclusion he had come to alter
lengthened experiments, that alcohol was entirely,jeless
from a Medical point of view. •
The wife of the Hon. Howe-Brown, onect the
directors of the Brighton Aquarium Company, died suddenly
from heart disease whilst attending a special' promenade
concert at the Aquarium on Saturdayafternootno fa
. Suhebavect.s
occupying a reserve seat, and being observed
ward apparently in a fit,was carried out into the corrider,
when a medical . gentlsman,• • one of the audleace, aeedfan
official apt the company; rendered-miter poslibla asetstleAeei
but deathatnsued within a few rainutee. The perforitance
was immediately brought to, a close.
On Friday evening a bey named Owep Viggere, aiedt
13, an inmate of the Banbury workhouse, was killed by re,
cricket ball The deceased and a number of other boys wera
playing at cricket, and while- he was batting the ball struck,
Bins behind the ear. He fell, down insensible,, &tilled in
about two'hours, never having recovered conic ousness.-
There was no wound, where he was struck, and Mr. Douglase
'the medical efilc-r, gave acertificate to the effect that death
was caused by concussion of the brain. Deceased was an
intelligent and Well-behaved wt.
Mr. R. W. Hanbury, M.P., speaking at a volunteer
dinner at Tamworth, referred at length to the 'E eitern
Questio_n. .'"Ute Said the tide seemed to have turned in the
direction of a true%
end he hoped that Once would more
Into a peace. There was, however, the danger that' Russia
might refuse to prolong therannistice, and the Mahometan
population be goallede into liitY by the sight of victories.
which are not &fleeted by Europe to bear the actual fruit of
victory by war against an enemy who is allowed by Europe
to tet imernetional morality at defiance,
The Bishop of Worcester presided on Tuesday at a
meeting ob. there:National &feisty, and' int* it iptiecle in
which he took II sanguine view of the prospects of elese
meetery education in England —A second meetfng in con- ,
uection with the society was held in the evening under the
presidency of the Ear' of Dertnioutle who mentioned that
since 1811 thesocietv had expended £1,000,000 in provieline
' for the eduoetion of the children of the poor, being twelve
times as much as bad come from other eturces+ in aid of the-
same ol,j?.ct. Resolutions were passed urging the importanies
of preservitig religious education. '
• The animal returns showing the business done * hes
-Law Courts otTogland, the jurisdiction of which feieraes-
!erred by the Jareicatlre Acts to the Illgteeourt of Jar t'co,
will li, future be for the law year, and will end with the close
of October. The returns for 1875 comprise, therefore, only
the Brat tee month, ef that year. In that period the Probate
C not granted 40,394 probates of wills or letters of ad-
ministration. The personal property which thus passed into
new hands was sworn under £112,601,280. This amount
shows an average of 4-2. 787 for slach Calf. The average Wail
£2,776111 114, and 42,89A111 1878.

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