The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-10-09 00:00:00

THE LIVER-POOL STANDARD.

in getting. up huts before the winter eels in. Leaving them our enemies, who, by their numerous ships, constantly re-
alone will never drive a Russian army out of the field ; the ceived reinforcements, artillery, and ammunition for eleven
only thing. to-do that is the French and English bayonet. months and a half, all their efforts failed before your bravery
About noon to-day a flag of truce came in from the fleet, and and firmness. It is a fact unexampled in military annals that
was met near Fort Constantine by a Russian boat. The con -a town hastily fortified, in presence of the enemy, should have
ference did not last very long, and its object has not transpired. been able to hold out so long against a force, the means of
The French mortars and guns were not silent while the flags attack of which have exceeded everything that hitherto could
were flying. Their mortar battery, which is protected by the have been foreseen in calculations of this nature.
walls of Fort Nicholas, keeps up a constant fire of bombs against And with means so enormous and of such a description,
the quadrangular storehouse. In addition to the fire yesterday after the ruinous effects of an artillery of colossal dimensions,
the French sent two bombs through the roof of the building continued for nine months, the enemy having frequently had
to-day, and they are rapidly defacing the building. Their prac- recourse to prolonged bombardments of the -town, firing on
tice is very variable, which is probably owing to the imperfect 'each occasion many hundred thousand rounds, they became
manufacture of their shells, which are frequently of unequal convinced of the inadequacy of their efforts, ,and resolved to
weight, and are consequently of uncertain range. In the large take Sebastopol by a combat.
shells there is sometimes a variation of 31b. or 41b. in weight, On the 6th (18th) of June, they made the assault on differ-
and some which were lent to us were found to be almost use- --ent sides, entering courageously into the town, but yon re-
less on that account. Their battery behind the Malakhoff is .ceived them with intrepidity, and they were driven back on all
principally directed against the roads to Fort Constantine and points in the most brilliant manner.
Fort Catherine. Three or four times in the day Fort Con- This check forced them to return to a continuation of their
stantine gives a sullen reply to the allies, and the 12-gun bat- -first plan of siege, multiplying their batteries, and increasing
tery at Inkerman throws an odd shot at the French battery of the activity of their trench works and mining operations.
the Malakhoff. The Russians, however, look as if they in- ; Since the memorable day upon which you repulsed the
tended to work steadily at their earthworks, and some fine day, ',assault two months and a half have elapsed, during which,
no doubt, they will open with a roar of cannon in their old ':animated by sentiments of duty and of love to the throne
style, all along the waterside from Fort Constantine to -and to your country, you have heroically disputed each inch
Inkerman. Large convoys passed in and out of the forts to- of ground, forcing the assailants to advance only foot by foot,
day, but it could not be ascertained with what they were laden. and paying with torrents of blood and an incredible loss of
Their coal depot is untouched and undiminished. It was :ammunition for each yard of ground they gained.
amusing to watch the coolness of the fellows at work inside the In this obstinate defence your courage did not flag; on the
large magazine to-day. Some of them usually stood in the .contrary, it rose to the highest degree of self-denial.
doorway by the waterside to look out for the mortars. " Bonn" , But, if your intrepidity and your patience were without
goes one, and the thick white smoke flies upwards in a circling bounds, there are such in the nature of the possibilityof defence.
pillar, marked .here and there with white whirling rings. As the approaches of the enemy gradually advanced, their
" T-wit ! twit! twit !" the bomb whistles aloft, the sound be- -batteries were erected nearer the walls. The circle of fire
coming fainter and fainter as it leaves us, till it begins to grow which surrounded Sebastopol grew daily narrower, and sent
on the ear of -the gentleman in gray, who is on the watch at , death and destruction upon the courageous defenders still
the other side ; he pops in his head, and out come at his sum- further into the town.
mons, like rabbits scuttling from a ferret-haunted warren, a Taking advantage of the superiority of -their fire at short
swarm of his comrades, just as the bomb, with a prodigious range, the enemy, after the concentrated action of their artil-
crash, and knocking up a cloud of tiles, timber, stones, and 1 lery for thirty days—which cost our garrison from 500 to
dirt, rushes through the roof, and bursts inside; they are ! 1,000 men per day—commenced that terrible bombardment
down on their faces in a moment, and the bits fly over them, ' (bontbardement d'enfer) from their innumerable engines of
and strike the earth far inland, or dash the water of the I war, and of a calibre hitherto unknown, which destroyed our
harbour into foam. Then the " Rooskies" get up, and re- defences, which had been repaired at night with great labour,
turn placidly to their work inside till the next bomb comes and at great loss, under the incessant fire of the enemy—the
dangerously near. If it does not fall inside the building, or ' principal work, the Kornileff redoubt, on the Malakhoff Hill
is not likely to slip down on them through the roof, the., (the key of Sebastopol, as a point dominating the whole town),
fellows never stir out. When the French discovered the having experienced considerable and irreparable damage.
column near the telegraph this morning, they opened from To continue, under these circumstances, the defence of the
Gringalet on them with round shot, and I saw the earth torn , south side, would have been to expose our troops daily to a
up close to them, but the Russians never turned round from ; useless butchery, and their preservation is to-day, more than
their camp fires. They are assuredly a stolid infantry, and if ever, necessary to the Emperor of Russia.
they had élan and dash in support of their other undeniably For these reasons, with sorrow in my heart, but with a full
good qualities as soldiers, they would not be second to the conviction, I resolved to evacuate Sebastopol, and take over
armies of any nation in the world; and here, par parenWse, the troops to the north side by the bridge constructed before-
I may observe that we might with much profit take a lesson hand over the bay and by boats.
from our enemies on a matter which has a great influence on Meantime, -the enemy, beholding, on the 27th of August
the mind of the private soldier. No man likes to fall into the (Bth of September), at 10.30, the half-ruined works before
hands of his enemies, or would willingly leave his sepulture in them and the Kornileff redoubt, with its ditches filled up, re-
their hands, rude though he knows it must be when per- solved upon a desperate assault, first on Bastions No. 2 (Kor-
formed by his comrades. The Muscovite generals cannot be nileff), and No. 3 (Redan), and after about three hours upon
accused of any great regard for their killed and wounded, but Bastion No. 5, and the Belkin and Schwartz redoubts.
they have certainly much respect for the prejudices and feel- Of these six attacks, five were gloriously repulsed. Some
ings of their soldiers. We have over and over again been as- of the points of attack, like that on Bastion No. 2, on which
tonished at the wonderful way in which the dead and wounded the enemy had succeeded in bringing guns by flying bridges,
disappeared after the repulse of a sortie, in which there were having at various times been taken and retaken, remained
probably 200 of the enemy put hors de combat. Except the finally ours. But the Kornileff redoubt, more damaged thin
dead and wounded left in the trenches, none were ever to be the others by the bombardment, was taken by the French,
seen after such occasions when day broke. A soldier of the • who brought more than 30,000 men against it, and could not
68th (M`Geevor), who was taken prisoner in a sortie some be retaken, after the great losses we had suffered at the com-
months ago, and who has since returned to his regiment after mencement of this combat, for it would have been necessary
a long and interesting (to others) march in Russia, explains to ascend in the midst of the ruins of a very steep incline, and
the mystery, such as it was. On the night alluded to it then cross a narrow ridge above a deep ditch on the rear face
could not be ascertained what the Russian loss was, but it occupied by the French. Such an undertaking might have
was certain that the firing was very heavy, and the work very prevented us achieving the proposed object, and would have
warm while it lasted. As this man was being taken to the cost us, without the slightest doubt, incalculable losses.
rear after a stout resistance, he saw that there were hundreds The attempt was the more needless, as, for reasons already
of soldiers without arms between the reserves and the column mentioned, I had resolved to evacuate the place. Therefore,
of sortie, and that these men were exclusively employed in as the success of the enemy was confined to the sole capture
carrying away the dead and wounded, which would otherwise of the Kornileff redoubt, I ordered that no attack should be
have been left in the hands of the British. The most eaten- made on that redoubt, and to remain in front of it, to oppose
sive provision we make in such cases is one, or at most two, any continuation of the enemy's attack on the town itself—an
litters a regiment, except when the ambulances go out for a order which was executed despite all the efforts of the French
pitched battle. Perhaps we do not calculate on leaving our to get beyond the gorge of the redoubt.
ground, but the best general always is prepared for retreat as At dusk the troops were ordcied to retire according to the
well as for victory ; and if ever we should be placed in the arrangements previously made.
same circumstances as the Russians have been, it would be The examples of bravery you gave during that day, valiant
advisable, perhaps, to follow their example. comrades, aroused such:a feeling of respect in the enemy, that,
THE FLEET. despite the knowledge they must have had of our retreat by
the explosion of our mines, which our troops exploded one
About one o'clock the fleet began to perform a variety of
. . after the other as they gradually retreated, they not only did
evolutions which were: cite enough to craze any landsman who not pursue us in columns, but even ceased firing with their
might determine to unravel them. Some ships went one way, artillery, which they might' have continued with impunity.
some another • two or three steamers started off straight for Valiant comrades, it is painful, it is hard to leave Sebes-
Eupartoria ; O thers rushed at full speed for Kamiesch ; the topol in the enemy's hand But remember the sacrifice we
the
French floating battery made pretence as if she were going made upon altar of our. country in 1812. Moscow was
in to attack the forts, then stopped and blew off steam. Sir surely as valuable as Sebastopol—we abandoned it after the
Edmund Lyons weighed anchor and made a great number of immortal battle of Borodino The defence of Sebastopol
signals. Much smoke came out of the funnels and steam out during 349 days is superior to Borodino, and when the enemy
out of the pipes; but after looking at the vessels twisting and entered Moscow in that great year of 1812, they only found
twining and turning and circling for some time, and finding
heaps of stones and ashes. Likewise, it is not Sebastopol
myself becoming utterly bewildered, I ceased to gaze seaward
any longer. which we have left to them, but the burning ruins of the
town, which we ourselves set fire to, having maintained the
EXPECTED MOVEMENT OF THE ALLIES. honour of the defence in such a manner that our great-grand-
The correspondents of the Morning Post and Daily News children may recal the remembrance thereof with pride to all
in reference to the above subject, write as follows : posterity.
CAMP ABOVE SEBASTOPOL, Sept. 21. Sebastopol kept us chained to its walls ; with its fall we ac-
The belief gains ground that the Russians are preparing to quire freedom of movement, and a new war commences, a war
evacuate the north side of the harbour of Sebastopol. The in the open field, that most congenial to the Russian soldier.
extensive earth-works which have lately been constructed, Let us prove to the Emperor, let us prove to Russia, that we
and others still in course of construction, are regarded as are still imbued with the spirit which animated our ancestors
simply intended to cover the retreat, and protect the rear- in our memorable and patriotic struggle. Wherever the
guard, of the army. They are so arranged as to form means enemy may show himself we will present our breasts to him,
of defence against any sudden assault of the position, whether and defend our native land as we defended it in 1812.
from the sea or the roadstead, but do not seem to have any Valiant warriors of the land and sea forces, in the name of
character of permanence, nor to be calculated for the born- the Emperor, I thank you for the unexampled courage, firm-
bardment or annoyance of the south side. It is also argued ness, and constancy you have displayed during the siege of
that the enemy could not now gain any military object by Sebastopol. [Here follow the names of the officers who most
holding the heights on the opposite side, commensurate with distinguished themselves.l
the labours and difficulties which would be entailed upon the In thus expressing the gratitude your worthy commanders
troops by the approaching winter, and the uncertainty re- are entitled to who are still living, let us also honour, comrades,
specting the transport of the necessary supplies of provisions those who have fallen honourably for our faith and for our
and stores of all kinds. In support of the conviction that the country on the ramparts of Sebastopol.
Russians are making arrangements to retire, it has been ob- Let us remember the immortal names of Nachimoff, Korni-
served that numerous waggons which have come in to the north leff, and Istomine, and let us address prayers to the Most
side from the direction of the Mackenzie Heights, apparently High that He will grant them peace, and eternalize their
empty, have returned laden. Carts bringing in gabions have memory as an example to the future generations of Russians
also gone out carrying either grain or provisions. The army
encamped beyond Inkerman appears to draw its supplies of
food and forage from the stores accumulated in the depots of
the Sievernaia. Several lines of filled waggons have been
noticed leaving Fort Constantine.

MANIFESTO OF THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA.
ON the 20th of September, the Emperor of Russia addressed
the following rescript to Count Zakrewsky, Military Governor

of Moscow :

(PROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.)
CAMP BEFORE SEBASTOPOL, Sept. 22.

Count Arsene Andrelevitch,—Since my accession to the
throne of my ancestors, it has been my lively desire to visit
my ancient capital—that loyal and beloved residence, where I
was born, and where I received baptism, under the protection
of the relics of the blessed Alexis, the thaumaturgus of
Moscow.
Having to-day satisfied that desire, I have witnessed with
the greatest satisfaction the cordial and sincere empressernent
which the inhabitants of Moscow have shown in their recer-
tion of myself and all my family—a traditional welcome
which Russia has always given to her sovereigns. I charge
you to express my sincere gratitude to all classes of the popu-
lation of Moscow, and to assure them of my goodwill. My
happiness would have been complete if recent events had not
;dimmed the satisfaction of these sweet moments.
My order of the day to the Russian armies has already made
public that, after an unexampled siege of eleven months, the
garrison of Sebastopol, after having given unheard-of proofs of
courage and self-denial, and having successfully repulsed six
desperate assaults, has crossed over to the north side of the
town, only leaving " blood-stained ruins" to the enemy. The
garrison of Sebastopol has done all that man could do.
I accept past and present events as the impenetrable decrees
of Providence, which has given a year of sad trials to Russia.
But Russia has supported still greater trials, and the Lord, in
His great mercy, has always given her his tacit support. Let
us, therefore, now also place our trust in Him.
He will defend orthodox Russia, who has taken up arms for
a just cause—for the cause of Christianity. It is a great
satisfaction to me to see the unceasing proofs which all men
are giving in their readiness to sacrifice their property, their
families, and even the last drop of their blood, for the main-
tenance of the integrity of the empire, and for the national
honour. _ _

The expected movement of our three divisions for fupatoria
has not yet taken place ; though the report still continues to be
circulated, and believed, that it will not be much longer de-
layed. We are in the habit of taking fresh steps in any direc-
tion so slowly, and apparently with such an expenditure of
deliberation, that this lapse of some five or six days between
the intimation of such an intention as a hasty flank movement
on the enemy and its execution is not necessarily any proof of
its having been abandoned. lam the more disposed to believe
that it will still take place, from the fact that two regiments of
French cavalry sailed from Kamiesch for the north coast on
Thursday afternoon, and were to be followed immediately by
15,000 infantry for the same destination. This is a carrying
out, so far, of the concerted movement in which camp rumour
declares our own First, Third, and Fourth Divisions are to
take a part ; and it may still, therefore, be presumed that
their despatch for the scene of the allied operation en pleine
champagne will take place all in good time. Such, however,
is the general opinion amongst those who are usually correct
in their prognostications of what takes place. It is strength-
ened, too, by the activity apparent amongst our engineers, who
are busy in making preparations for the share of action which
should fall to their lot in such a field campaign as we expect ;
so that putting all these scattered signs together, there is fair
ground for hoping that this important operation will yet
come off.

It is in the manifestation of these sentiments of the nation,
and in these acts, that I derive strength and consolation, and,
uniting myself inseparably with my heart to my heroic and
faithful people, I repeat, putting my trust in the help and
grace of the Almighty, the words;of the Emperor Alexander 1.,
" Where right is. there is God also !"
I am ever and invariably yours,

ALEYA.NDER.

THE Globe says :—" It is denied that the British cavalry
are to winter at Constantinople. A strong reserve depot of
those regiments now in the Crimea will be formed at Kululee,
and two officers, a captain and a subaltern, from the reserve
cavalry, have left, or will leave, to take the command of these
depots. It is likely that Brigadier-General Garrett will have
the command of the Fourth Division in the Crimea, rendered
vacant by General Bentinck's return home. Brigadier Garrett
is the senior officer of the division, and has been given the
local rank of Major-General. General Windham will have
the command of his own division, the Second.
A PICTURE OF TEE INTERIOR OF SEBASTOPOL.—On look-
ing from the back of the Redan, where a good view is obtained,
the scene is one of ruin and destruction. In front are the
barracks, arsenal, and stores, their beautiful cut-stone fronts
shattered in every direction, the roofs falling in, and the walls
here and there blackened by fire. On the right, the Malakhoff
rises in a commanding point, looking down on the dockyards,
the hospital, and the magnificent basins for the large men-of-
war, the intervening space occupied by ruined and smoulder-
ing houses. Looking to the left, the main part of the town
stands on high ground, the streets straight, and imposing even
id their present condition. The club-house, so often looked at
with envy, stands on a beautiful spot, overlooking the deep
creek, and now shows in its blackened walls the effects of last
night's fire. The governor's house has shared its fate, but as
yet the well-known temple, a model of the Parthenon, stands
entire, and is protected by sentries. Fort Nicholas still
smoulders, and the houses in its neighbourhood are in a blaze.
As yet the Cathedral is untouched ; around it are some lovely
gardens—such a contrast to our dusty camp ! The remnants
of the bridges float about, and here and therethe masts of the
large vessels project above the water. On going into the bar-
racks the destruction there seen is painful. It would appear
that the soldiers in their searches for things of value deter-
mined to commit as much havoc as lay in their power. In
the portions of the buildings underground, vast quantities of
new clothing and accoutrements were scattered about.
Hundreds of helmets were being trodden down by the men,
and bales of cloth lay on every side. Furniture of all kinds
was being removed ; pictures, lamps, dresses, and musical in-
struments were all there for those who went sufficiently early,
and who cared to carry them home. The French, being
allowed much more liberty than the English troops, overran
the houses, and removed everything which could possibly be
of any use. Until late in the day our men were confined to
camp, and when they were able to pass into the town found
nothing left for them but bare walls, and any lumbering fur-
niture which proved too heavy for the French to remove. The
camps have consequently abounded with itinerant vendors of
all kinds of goods, for every one of which fabulous prices were
demanded. The variety of articles was astonishing, and from
valuable silver plate to the most worthless of old books, which
no one could read, everything seemed to meet with some pur-
chaser. Pictures were most in demand, and some really
valuable ones were taken. One man was seen clothed in a
Russian officer's uniform, carrying on his back a huge cage
with a talkative parrot inside, which seemed .greatly excited
by the change of scene ; others walked up from-the town, dis-
playing on their own persons shawls and bonnets which they
wished to sell. Altogether the scenes met with on,svery side
were such as could never be effaced from the muds of those
who witnessed them.

LIVERPOOL TOW COUNCIL.

AR ordinary monthly and special meeting of the Council
was held on Wednesday; James Aspinall Tobin, Esq., the
Mayor, presiding.