The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-07-17 00:00:00

SCIENCE AN,73 ART.

WHY THERE ARE SO MANY CLERICAL DYSPEPTICS: Dr.
Hall, in his Medical Journal, asserts that one great cause of
dyspepsia in ministers is eating too soon after preaching.
For two or three hours the tide of nervous energy has been,
setting in strongly towards the brain, and it cannot be sud-
denly turned towards the stomach; but the mental effort has
occasioned a feeling of faintness or debility about the stomach,
and a morbid appetite ; and if food is taken at all largely, there
is not the nervous energy requisite to effect its digestion, for
the brain will be running over the discourse.
GOVERNMENT AND ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS.—If
ever there was a turning-point in the history of art in Europe,
we believe it is at the present instant. Under discouraging
circumstances, many recent works in England are such as our
architects may be proud of. The element of danger we believe
to be solely that difficulty which the professional architect
meets with in getting proper reward of the ordinary kind.
To no other profession could such an offer be made by a
Government Commission, as that which has lately appeared in
our advertising columns—where, by holding out offers of
premiums to three sets of drawings, the endeavour le made to

40

procure a hundred others without any compensation whatever.
What it is to the interest of the country to possess, it is just
that the country sluiuld pay for; and' the offer of premiums,
even if larger than are now generally offered, but which would
be by no means excessive for really good sets of drawings, is
quite beside the question—so long as all drawings are held
possession of—the competitors in general going unrewarded.
If the unsuccessful drawings were returned, their authors
would have—as the pernicious system of competition runs—
no cause of complaint. As it is, the profession should note
that a new phase of the encroachment upon the just " hire "
of which labour is "worthy," has commenced.— The Builder.
IMPORTANCE of REGIMEN IN DISEASE.—In the treat-
ment of diseases, regimen—that is, the regulation of the vari-
ous functions of the body, as affected by rest or exercise, by
temperature, by air, by mental excitement er quietude, &c.,
has always been considered as of great importance. The ten-
dency of modern medical practice is to set a higher value upon
it than ever. " The regulation of the diet alone (forming one
Single subsidiary department of the general doctrine of the re-
gimen) is, indeed, sometimes in itself sufficient to arrest the
action and progress of disease. In the first day of a catarrh,
for instance, simple abstinence from fluids generally effects a
rapid and speedy cure ; a proper vegetable diet is sufficient in
most instances to remove the most aggravated cases of scorbu-
tus ; the inculcation of a due animal diet forms, in the same
way, the sheet anchor of the physician in the treatment of dia-
betes ; and there are few cases of constipation or of dyspepsia,
however chronic or obstinate, that cannot be ultimately recti-
fied by dietetic means alone, and without the aid of medicine."
—Dr. Simpson.
WORKS IN CLAY.—Why do we not now do more with clay
than is done ? Many houses were erected in England about
the time of Henry VIII. which display coats of arms,Capitals,
cornices, and parapets, of burnt earth, and were allowed to
remain, these have endured well. Fronts of great durability
and elegance might be produced readily in this material. As
to colour, white, buff, yellow, blue, and red may be obtained ;
and if a glazing were applied, they could be washed clean
without difficulty. Some idea of what could be done with
moulded bricks may be gained from the entrance to the station
for the Woking Cemetery, in the Westminster-road, a very
good piece of brickwork, though wanting in free art. The
improvement effected in tiles—thanks to Mr. Minton especially
—is very great, and will, doubtless, lead gradually to an ex-
tended use of them. This species of decoration was anciently
held in high esteem, and regarded as a mark of wealth in the
possessors, whence, says Mr. Marryat, in his volume on Pottery,
arose.* old Spanish proverb, He will never have a house
idOined with;glazed"tiles rriunca hitreoasa
thit'is;• he will never ,thrive; be erichinan:;-‘
MAY-BLossom PERFUME.—Alfthiarts'orthe chemist are
inadequate to produce so-exquisite - an. odour as • that derived
from the natural flowers. The most beautiful perfumes are
not obtained by distillation, as is generally supposed, but by a
much more simple process, called maceration. The flowers
being gathered are put into sweet oil; after macerating for
twelve or twenty-four hours the oil is pressed out of the flowers,
and poured on to fresh-gathered blossoms. This process is
repdated at least twelve times, and often thirty times : it then
partakes of the perfume of the flowers used in the operation.
To extract the spirit out of the oil, it is also necessary to shake
it in a bottle with an equal bulk of rectified spirits of wine.
After standing for a few hours the spirit rises to the surface
of the oil, and can then be poured off; however, before this is
done, the oil and spirit must be shaken together repeatedly for
several days, otherwise all the odour will not be extracted from
the oil. When the spirit is finally poured off it will have all
the fragrance of the flower used. In this way may be obtained
the delicious odour.of the hawthorn or May-blossom.
SALTPETRE ON WILLS.—Mr. C. H. Smith, in a communi-
cation to the "Commissioners on the Fine Arts," says :
The mineral substances chiefly used in building, consist of
lime, sand, and different-kinds of stone, neither of which con-
tain any saline or deliquescent matter as an integral part of
their composition. No trace of salt or alkali is mentioned in
the analyses of various stones that were examined with refe-
rence to the selection for building the new Houses of Parlia-
ment. Bricks are made of clay, which consists principally of
alumina and silica, but generally containing some portion of
lime, in the state of carbonate or sulphate ; carbonate of
magnega ; iron in the state of oxide, or combined with sul-
phur ; and common culinary salt ; these various materials,
when exposed to a red heat, act chemically on each other ; the
magnesia most probably will combine with the sulphuric acid,
which it obtains partly from the iron pyrites mixed with the
clay, and partly from the fuel, if coal is used. It is this sul-
phate of magnesia (common Epsom salt) which is occasionally
found to cover the surface of newly-built walls with an efflo-
rescence like hoar frost. Under ordinary circumstances it is
scarcely possible to' get rid of the various saline or deliques-
cent substances that have once been admitted into the walls
of a building. The only way to abate the evil is to brush off
the crystals, dry, whenever they appear in the most flourish-
ing condition.—The Builder.
INGENIOUS CLocK.—ln our recent visits to many of our
large manufacturing and other establishments where watch-
men are employed during the night as security against fire,
we have been reminded of an ingenious clock which we once,
saw in a large cotton factory at Cincinnati, which performed
the remarkable feat of reporting in the morning every half
hour the watchman may have devoted to sleep during the pre-
vious night, instead, of looking after the interests of his
employer. It was new to us, and perhaps may be so to some
of our readers. The building was five storeys high, and the
clock was in the lower storey. Around its face, just outside
the figure, is a circle of pins jutting out from the dial, and
capable, by means of reeChinery, of being drawn in even with

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

the dial. Outside of these is an index which points to each of
these pins consecutively every half hour. At the expiration
of each half hour the index, owing to the broadness of the
head of the pin, requires five minutes to pass over, thus allow-
ing the watchman that amount of time to remove the pin,
which duty is made obligatory upon him. To effect this, so
ingenious and complicated is the machinery, he has first to
ascend to the fifth storey, then pull a wire, which prepares the
machinery for the next move, and then descend to the third
storey, and there pull another wire, connected likewise with
the machinery below, which removes the pin from the face of
the clock in the first storey ! This must be done at the time
pointed out by the index before alluded to, or else the pin
cannot be pushed in until the index has traversed the whole
circle, and returned to the same point again, which would be
some time during the next day. Consequently, if the watch-
man is neglectful, the dial in the morning will point out each
half hour of his delinquency during the night ! It will be
perceived also, if we have made ourselves intelligible, that he
will be compelled to go over the whole building once every
half hour.—St. Louis Republican.

by their chromule being co)
degrees. When leaves are,
and part with it by day; bi
colour, they cease to part w,
to absorb it at night. Hei
aire, that oxygenation takes
discharges the blue and lea,
red ; for in all cases, red is
change their hue. It is an
caused by alkaline matter,
present, and that in what
mule is only in an imperfect
of which, De Candolle poin
colour with that of blanched
proportion of white flowers
countries ; and, third, the .
which are at first white beco.
Cab.

HOUSEHOLD • J
oo
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c
„fua tile.#
GLAZING FOR TARTS.—MiX s" et 5" 9
01 of 0 '
thick paste-like cream, and brush.,o 461 0
RICE RISCDITS.—Sift seven ou"„ice,ro, A
half-a-pound of the best ground to 9' Oil
, so,
seven ounces of flour, and mil 11' Aci'dr#r
are sufficient for this quantity. i5—,,,,,i fo:;rt"#
u
CREAM CHURNING.—It has 34, rtyfr ly
fitable by Bs. in the £7, or £5 10. 0614, o.l'''
to churn from cream alone, and biii,e Oiy'
churn the milk and cream, and seer YAA,,,,1),
TEE TIPTREE GA.THERING.—ZattIoII
nual agricultural gathering for 'tollo, ~'
there will be, as usual, a large ale,art y „410;i;
tical men to inspect the crops, an c ,of, 0/
the owner of the hall.
,float'a olh, 68,01
CINNAMON BISCUITS.—HaIf a r as .10'. '
of lump sugar, finely sifted, one 13°01 4
worth of powdered cinnamon. Tbie or/ IP/
glass of brandy, or rum, then rolled reetliti
quick oven. Is of trllcliiltpl'i
LEMON DROPS.—Grate the Pee ea $' el: .
a large piece cf refined sugar, til_a s'„it„ 401
plate, add a teaspoonful of flour,
~..",',yirooii, I, tj
light paste with the white of an e'rlfe,a °CIO;
and put the drops into a moderatesoos 00,4
1
VEAL, POTTED.—Pound the re,ave''',oos
mace, pppercorns,„„two or threeo!fe4te i
press it well into...p. 0t5,Q.tbe...„1140,010r dto
!Alterriaqlaiers-of, pothlded : brph'ioa o, ot. of;,
foiml,fine comPOund fOi!",tbg.l.llZeigaPetl/34e,,,,r
' BEEF -RiSsciLEs.-'—' Miriee,anu, 0 ice/001:1;4
it with mushroom or walnut eat C 01640?
very thin paste ; roll it out in `"0 0`;1 'te P
square ; enclose in each piece s°:af e r l'ltJ
way as for puffs, cutting each 11 0 get
dripping of a very light breiol' Ift'il PO I
rolled out too. thin. ....- yr-Au be
coif' et,' ;$ i',.,d falli
EXTRAORDINARY DAIRY ifs' ~.;,, , if; 0/
Crick, has in his possession a 0,311 dttbs.:A of
Pembroke breed which has 1" e" ~clo',lit,,
day, and 141-lbs. of butter iO4O la a 4 frog
days 171b5., and the next sent 10 tree! 05 to
month. The cow has been k/arbere 6"°,44•01; 9
reedxptecnnhtle,ErNivr)iiectshn;forty fruit and t'Ailt tlof 9-pArt'ee
ERE
reduceiß S .
halfl a I':
-el ti1013133f ;11e: 01'11°061-'
place a layer of fruit on the beto tl4t 1 40 -0;
with a layer of sugar, and s° (t)ilea T . clf 4011
Let this stand for three days, v Velatir..„o.4,
up half-a-dozen times over a 11190;15, lift D0117e0',4
the syrup, and spread thou t used
sro soree ~ I'
a quick oven, turning theme ltped ' tpitifi
moisture. The syrup can be vegeot t,Ilto:
pudding making at the time. r best ig 11 olitt
GREEN PEAS are one of el/ dolt,' OD . ,41j
but the usual way of SerVillt use 00,0" rd
who wish to retain their tociccoatail, prre 01(
most economical ; for theYogetablie rg; s,dr,
together with many other ieting t
gee
001,
the state of fecula for completing
ill Ile eig 9.
far more easy of digestion vy. t, a la
_teoa, .
peaitself. By boiling then? but bir are Y j
better part of the pea is lost ~tialitle.o to jv
or meat, all the nourishing 4 congers 4ii
they form a dish that is most
,S JO, #7,
a wasted habit of body, Grafiat:iviiiii", fisige
How TO BURN COAL Ding, frorau je v:001if
on coal buying and bur. ~,ka o
.. tile _,0,„,
great rills' n.featei,, the t:t wi
lowing :—" The —the b- lie(' Viy
coal, as if it were wood.
coal is aPPis , cliegoo`
ti
the heat. If too Innen ,b, fire_ _ col.. oto ,
Barfly imperfect, because o;its of ti_!!,,,iiedtbe ~,6
and, the elem atop' if 'ply/
destroyed, , . ,coney ~.as, ~,, t, .
it, pass off to the crnl__. liruer:, aroal, Poi,
gases through the
,?..L.',e will P','!•,',o aarhatotor
but moderate, a red tat" iv L 1:4 ll !
secured.stov e, by f coal,-- - aiw
wOhneichtonenotire,eat.haeurdefo_r,t,:r: spa
will often secure nic:ro ~V„e ordinT,,
two tons secured
111
monstratea.
which can easily be de

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Printed and TH Pubßilled y
ROBERT PE
ii" OKO 0
ST ANDARD GENERA a
GEORGE'S

try
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green, theY3l4o gl
but just oo'
vith this gnu k
nice has bee:ciiifl
Ivesce, %%f, It4tilti
the
Preceded da(oteilo
upposed
,or pe,,u_iir ;lq
are c.sou" ogis
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ints tiolt;:i
plants ;Ago., tot pp
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