biglam/hmd_newspapers huggingface dataset:
The Stourbridge Observer, Cradley Heath, Halesowen & District Chronicle.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

VOLUNTEERS AND THEIR OFFICERS.

The series of military operations which commenced
last Friday in Sussex and formed the prelude to
Monday's display seem to have been, generally speak-
ing, highly creditable, remarks The Times in a leader
commenting upon the discipline of the troops at the
Brighton Review, and from which we make the fol-
lowing extract :

The task of the Volunteer officer is often, it mus
be admitted, a difficult one. As his authority is not
based, like that of commanders in the Regular Army,
on the power of punishment, he must have in him the
knack of securing obedience and some personal pres-
tige or charm of manner that will evoke devotion from
his men as well. He must make them ambitious
to distinguish themselves, not for their own sakes only,
but for his; and to this end he must be able to persuade
them that he has the welfare of his corps most
seriously at heart, and will feel deeply concerned at
any shortcomings. Hackrander, in one of his amusing
stories of Prussian military life, relates how at a
review the King, praising the admirable march past of
a particular army corps, remarked that one soldier
had stumbled, "I suppose in a rut," said His Majesty,
good-naturedly, " arrd I hope- he did not hurt
himself." But the General in command took this as
a serious stricture and soundly rated his brigadier,
who in tu& passed the lecture on to half. a-dozen
colonels, by whom all the subalterns were fiercely
upbraided, till at last tthe scolding having reached
the sergeants and corporals, they swore in hot lan-
guage that the whole Prussian Army was disgraced.
"But," adds Hacklander, speaking of the regiment
in which he himself served, "what grieved us most
was to see the sorrow of our poor Colonel, who felt
Euch a pride in us, and who we knew would be incon-
solable. This story shows that, even when officers
and men work well together and deserve no blame,
some little accident may spoil their evolutions to the
eye of the onlooker, and naturally this must occur
frequently with Volunteers who are not often brought
out for manceuvres en masse. It may, indeed, cause
wonder that mistakes should not occur oftener than
they do, especially at sham fights, where the steadiness
and endurance of individuals is often put to rough
, tests.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

LUMBER IN CANADA AND THE
UNITED STATES.

It appears that there are no fewer than 15,024 saw
mills in the United States, and 637 in Quebec, Ontario,
and Manitoba.

The figures of the work performed by these mills are
almost bewildering, and during last year nearly
750,000,000 ft. more timber was manufactured than in
the year 1881. Towards the close of the year, more-
over, new mills were being built in every direction so
as to be ready for work this spring. Work in the
woods has prospered in consequence of the favourable
weather, and the lumberman looks for an increase of
15 per cent., and even more if the weather continues
to be in good condition for floating the logs down.

It is confidently stated that from all present in-
dications the production of pine lumber in the North-
West for the year 1883 will be the largest ever known.
The prices realized by manufacturers on the stocks
sold in 1881 and 1882 were high, and the business pro-
fitable. This fact has given a great stimulus in the
direction of the further expansion of the great lumber
trade,
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

LAMB AND MUTTON.

" Ogress" writes to the Daily Telegraph :
Sir,—l hope you may consider the subject on which
I address you sufficiently interesting for all classes to
grant it space in your columns. The increasing price
of mutton from the decrease of our flocks is a matter
requiring public attention; newspapers teem with com-
plaints of this rise, and everyone can understand how
much sheep have suffered from rain floods and the re.
cent severe cold, yet lamb is even now offered for sale.
My butcher says this ought not to be, hut adds, with
reason, that he must supply what is asked for. Will
not the Moloch, human appetite, pause,in consideration
of the results which must follow wholesale destruction
of lambs now? Farmers are so impoverished that the
may be loth to hold anything by which there is a
chance of making money, and there are, alas! many
who would be rather pleased than otherwise to eat the
last lambs or sheep. Can nothing be devised to keep
English mutton within the reach of both poor and
middle classes by stopping the consumption of lambs
this season? Many vi,ho buy what is actually before
• them might hesitate in giving the order for it to be
procured. Is it not possible for people to combine in
agreement not to eat lamb this year, and thus to give
our stock chance to increase? I like lamb quite as
much.as. other people do, but would gladly, pro bono
join or assist an Anti-Lamb League.

"C. A. J." writes to the Morning Post:—
Sir,—Wow that the consumption of lamb is begun I
should like, with your permission, to urge upon all
thoughtful persons the importance of abstaining from
purchasing or eating lamb and also veal. Three
butchers have stated to my knowledge that if
the general public would do this for two years a
very sensible reduction of the present high prices
would result. It seems, what with disease and other
causes, British graziers cannot raise a full stock anless
the young animals are allowed to mature. Many per-
sons I know are resolved to banish such young meat
from their table, and if your very able agricultural
correspondent could be induced to take up this ques-
tion much good would accrue; then, perhaps, a legal
"close time' for such animals might be attained.
Mint sauce is very agreeable, no doubt, and if people
must have it, let them apply some to Welsh mutton
and be contented.

THE PYRAMIDS.—The Pyramids of Egypt are thirty.
eight in number, and stretch along the western reach
of the Nile Valley for a distance of some fifty geogra.
Am' miles from nearly. opposite. Heliopolis to
,yond the site of Memphis. Of the thirty-eight
Pyramids there is but one true pyramid. This is the
first or most northern one—the "Great Pyramid."

Eh,
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

TRADESMENS ADDRESSES

FREEDOM FROM COUGH IN TEN MINUTES is given, and
CONSUMPTION and ASTHMA. in all stages are instantly
relieved, by Dr. Locock's Pulmonic Wafers, which taste
pleasantly, and effect a rapid cure. In Bronchitis
Coughs, Colds, Whooping Cough, Wheezing. Phlegm
and all Disorders of the Breath, Throat, and Lungs
Hysterical, Nervous, and Heart Complaints, Rheu
tuatism, and Nervous Pains, "they act like a charm.
To ingers and Speakers they are invaluable, in a fea
hours they remove all hoarseness, and wonderfulll
increase the power and fie,xibility of th? v )ice. Ful
directions with every box. Sinsll books of many
thousand cures may be had from every, agent. Sold by
all Druggists, price is, lid., 2s. 91., 41. and us. 6d
e r box.
TOWLE'S PENNYROYAL AND STEEL PILLS
FOI FE:tIA.L ES quickly correct all irrgularities and
r.±.li,ve the distressing symptoms a prevalent with the
Boxes is. lid. and 2s. 9d., of all Chemists. Sent
anywhere on receipt of 15 or 84 stamps by the: maim
T. TOWLE, Chemist, Kottiagbus

...a."' 46.044 • tn 1):
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

JUMBO'S LATEST EXPLOIT.

Jumbo has been the occasion of more trouble to Mr.
Barnum. A large mastiff was recently purchased and
imported as a companion for Jumbo and placed be.
aide him on the 2nd. of March for the tint time, and
the other dog, a shaggy one, taken away. Jumbo im.
mediately evinced his displeasure at the change by low
grumbling, and suddenly catching mastiff around the
body with his trunk threw him nearly across the
building with terrific force, striking another vicious
elephant called Pilot, killing the dog instantly, and
enraging Pilot to such a degree that he broke
the chain holding him and began fighting all
the other elephants. For s.:;me time nothing was
heard but the wild trumpetings of these huge beasts,
and destruction to everything in the building seemed
imminent. The trainers and other hands employed
made a rush for the doors and windows and succeeded
in escaping, but one barely eluded the tusks of Pilot.
After about an hour the keeper succeeded in catching
the legs of the animal with slip knots and throwing
him to the ground, when the employes all came in
and finally conquered the obstreperous beast, but not
until after 'even naseuree were adopted and con.

siderable damago had been done. During all the ex-
citement Jumbo, the originator of the disturbance,
was quietly feeding. Chief, Mandrie, Pilot, and some
others of the herd of elephants were much bruised, by
the repeated blows given by the maddened elephant.
Pilot was heavily "handcuffed" and chained away
from the other animals.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

The CHICAGO RAILWAY EXHIBITION,

The arrangements for this exhibition are rapidly
approaching completion, and nearly all the space of
the main building is already taken, as well as in the
principal annexe. A special feature will be the show
of " antiquities " of raiLway equipment and appli-
ances, particularly from the United States and
Canada.

Several ancient locomotives will be exhibited, and
form interesting evidence of the progress that has
been made in railway appliances within a short
period. There is, for instance, the first engine and
passenger car used in America, sent from Nova
Scotia. This engine, said to be the second or
third built for Stephenson, has a brass plate
on the boiler with the inscription, "Timothy
Hackworth, Sheldon, Durham, August, 1839." The
engineer and fireman are situated one at each
end of the boiler, an iron arm•chair being provided for
their convenience, but they have no protection what-
ever from the weather. The tender is attached to
what in modern engines would be the pilot end of the
boiler, and the cylinders are above the rear driving
wheels. The cars exhibited in this section differ in
many curious ways from those at present in use.
A number of rails have been sent in from the track
of a southern railway where they have been is use for
over fifty years, being the first imported into the
States; as also some sleepers of stone, sections of rails
of varieus patterns, and lamps used some forty years
ago.
Altogether the exhibition promises to be a very in-
teresting and highly instructive of the progress of
railway engineering in the 19th century.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

WESLEYAN MISSIONS.

At a meeting in the Free Trade Hall, Manchester,
on Tuesday evening, in support of the District Auxi•
liary of the Wesleyan Foreign Missionary Society, at
which the President of the Conference (the Rev.
Charles Garrett) and other influential ministers and
laymen were present, the Rev. Hugh P. Hughes, of
Oxford, showed that the contributions to the society
from a number of districts had fallen off. He made a
stirring appeal to the Methodists of Manchester to
turn the tide, and to strike a note that would thrill
through England. He asked them to raise £l,OOO in
that meeting. A lady immediately announced a gift
of £lOO, and for more than an hour contributions came
in from all parts of the hall, varying in amount from
20. 6d. to £5O. One lady sent up a ring worth £l2,
which she had taken from her finger. Ultimately it
was.announced that over £l,OOO had been raised.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

REMARKABLE ELECTRICAL
DISCOVERY.

Applications of electricity are not only making
rapid progress in every part of Europe, but also in
the southern hemisphere. There come, indeed,
from Otago, New Zealand, details of an inven-
tion ss marvellous as any yet recorded in the
annals of electrical science. The Rev. Mr. Gilbert,
of Christ Church, in a recent addresS, told his
audience that it was now proved to be possible to
convey, by means of electricity, vibrations of light—
not only to speak with your distant friend, but
actually to see him. The electroscope—the name of
the instrument which enabled to do this—was the
very latest scientific discovery, and to Dr. Guidrah,
of Victoria belonged the proud distinction of being its
inventor and perfecter. Mr. Gilbert stated that a
trial of this wonderful instrument had taken place at
Melbourne, in the presence of some forty scientific
and public men, and that it had been a great success.
Sitting in a darkroom, they saw projected on a large disc
of white burnished metal the racecourse at Flem-
ington, with its myriad of active beings. Minute de.
tails stood out with perfect fidelity to the original,
and as they looked at the wonderful picture througfi
binocular glasses, it was difficult to imagine that they
were not actually on the course itself, and moving
among those whose actions they could so completely
scan.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

CARDINAL MANNING ON THE DIS-
TRESS IN IRELAND.

During last week a letter addressed by Cardinal
Manning to his clergy and dock on the distress in
Ireland was largely circulated, and is meeting with
response. His Eminence says
"During the last weeks we have received from con-
vents, and from others in Ireland, urgent appeals for
help. The condition of the poor, especially in the
west of Ireland, demands our sympathy and assistance.
The following words from one of the chief pastors of the
Church in Ireland should alone be enough to insure your
generous aid. Sneaking of the distress now increasing,
he says I mike no doubt it will be very general
before the let of April, as the great bulk of the.people
will then be without food, means, or credit.' We
would therefore ask you to send your contributions,
within the next fortnight, through the clergy of the
missions where you dwell, to us; and we will transmit
them, when collected, to his Grace the Archbishop of
Tuam' by whom they will be distributed to the
localities most in need. We need no further words in
appealing to your generous charity.
" ilElsUlY EDWAIU), Cardinal Archbishop."
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

GREAT FIRE AT BUENOS AYRES.

A telegram from Buenos Ayres, dated Feb. 27,
says
The most destructive fire ever known here broke out
on the night of the 25th inst., at the corner of the
Calks de Europa, and Chacabuco, ending in the total
destruction of nine houses, comprising a boot shop,
where the fire commenced through the explosion of a
kerosene lamp. The total loss is estimated at 3,000,000
dole. m.o. Although some of the houses destroyed
were old wooden ones, and flared up like tinder, no
lives were lost. Several accidents occurred, however,
amongst the firemen and police.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

SATURDAY, MARCH 31, 1883.

OLD HILL

VESTRY M rING.—The antintil E tst3r Vest:y
Meeting was held in the vestry of Trinity- Church,
Old: Hill, on Tu3day evening last, the vicar (the
Rev. FL W. Atkinson, L.L.8.) presiding. Mr. W.
Bassauo was elected vicar's warden, and Mr. T.
Cooksay peoples' warden. A vote of thanks was
passed to Mr Walker (the retiring peoples' warden)
for his past services. The following sidesmen were '
elected 'Messrs. G. A, Haden-Best, E. Burgess, J.
Plant, B. Priest, Nalker, and J. Johnson. The
accounts were presented and passed, showing
.a
balance of about ..t) on the right side. Last year
there was a large debt, but by taking plates round
and collecting every service, this year they had
swept off that debt and also had a small balance in
hand. It was resolved to do away with the plates
and go back again to the old system of the boxes.
ASSAULT—At the Police Court on Wednesday,
before Messrs. W. Bassano and H. A. Wiggan and
Dr. H. Walker, John Brooks, of Cradley Heath,
was charged with assaulting Albert Brooks, of the
same place, on the 24th inst. The summons was
withdrawn, defendant promising not to offend
.
sgam. •
REMOVING CATTLE.—CharIo Ball and Albert
Edwin Ball, of They House Farm, Illey, near
Halesowen, were summoned for moving certain
animals through the district of the authorities of
the County of Stafford, without previou-ly obtain-
ing a certificate for removal, on the 21st inst. In-
spector Walters saw the defendants, on the pre-
vious Wednesday, driving a cow and calf through
°Old Hill. On making enquiries he found th-y had
not got a certificate for removal.. Defendants were
ordered to pay costs . _

DRUNKEN-ESS. - Thomas Baker and John
Hampton; chainrnlkers, were summoned for being
druak and disorderly, on the 25th inst. P.C.
Tytherleigh proved the case and def,3ndanti were
each fined 5s and costs, with the a;temative of 14
das' imprisonment.—Levi Stevens, chainmaker, of
Cradley Heath, was charged with being drunk and
disorderly on the 21s inst. Defendant, who had
a long list of c nvictions against him, was com-
mitted to prison for one month, with hard labour,
without the option of a fine. _

• NEGLECTING To SUPPORT A MOTHER.—Reuben
Southall. George S.,uthall, Philip Southall and
John Southall, all of Cradley Heath, were sum-
moned by Mr. Cooper, reli ,vino• officer, for: neglect-
ing to support their mother, and causing her to be-
come chargeable to the Common Fund of the
Dudley Union. The magistrates made an order on
the deff-ndants to c ntribute is each per week
towards her maintenance.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

KILLED ON THE RAILWAY.

Colonel Bell-Blartin was killed at the Bishopstoke
Station on the London and South-Western line on
Good Friday. He was on his way from London to St.
Malo, and at about 1.15 p.m. alighted at the Bishop.
stoke Junction. He went into the refreshment room,
and while at the bar inquired of the attendant who
served him whether the train was going. She replied
In the affirmative, when he dashed his cup of coffee
down and made a rush to the train. He missed the
hold of his carriage, and accidentally coming into col-
lision with some one on the platform, fell between the
platform and the train, and was dragged to the end of
the platform by the train, when the wheel of a car-
riage passed over his body inflicting fatal injuries.
An inquest was held on Saturday, and a verdict of
" Accidental death" was returned.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

TIIE STOURBRIDGE OBSERVER.

C 1 F Aar,.., STILL LIVING
Send y:ur Idd ei3 oace,

irade is far worse
.now than before that fv.ivance 1
was made. It is not only that business is scarce I
and prices are low, but that the cost of pig-i:on
has ma'erially advanced, especially within the last
month, so that ecn-iumers who did not cover their
requirements el ly in the sear find ihernselves now
at a great disadvantage. Both Derbyshire and
Northamptonshire, pi;s, which ent.r largely now
into the composition c•f Staffordshire finish, d iris
are repu-ted strong, at 3A., which is a goad 2s. 6!,
alvanee o t the pries ruling at the I eginning at
the qturter. • Staffordshire all-mine pig is un-
changed, at Gi.-; for hot blast; and cind.r-pig is
procurab!c at from upward. Finished iron
shows no improvement. On the contrary, thcre is
a tenderey to increabed weakness in the commoner
descriptions, which are changing hands at less
than LG. Good medium qualities, however, are
steady, at .£6 10s., to £7. ; and marked iron is firm,
at Vt. 10. The ccal marke is steady bt lbte rates
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

li',lll A 0 UIN EA A BOX,
BEECHAM'S PILLS
A RV. alinittul by thou-
t . be wor.li s.bcy
GIIINEA A Box fur Bil iota
id Nervous Li o der.L,
1/4ch GA wind and Pin at
Stomach. sick
(iitldinefs. Fu no-4
Bwelhngufter. meals.
no a Lind Drowsiness.
.0 h lie, Hushing; of
osa of Appetite.
tees' of Prasth Co -
'son., curvy. Blotches
L the Skin D a urte.l
leg), PriL.htful Dreams.
.ad all nervous and '1 rein.
bling ensations, &c,
in twenty minutes
_ they have done .t in thousands
class. The Proprietor of the Nis having obtained
a great expense) a Patent for them. he challenges the
whole world to produce a medicine equal to them for
removing the above named complants. and restoriog
the patient to sound and lasting health.
Every sufferer is earnestly invite I to try one box of
these Pids, and they will be acknowledged to be.
WORTH A GUINEA A BOX.

For females of all ages these Pills are invaluable, as
a few doses of them carry off all gross humours, open
all obstructions, and bring about all that is required.
•Me female should be without them. There is no remedy
to be Lund to equal BEECHAM'S PILLSfor removing
any obstruction or irregularity a the sy.teur. If taken
.secording to the directions given with each box, th y
will soon restore females of all ages to sound cud ro-
bust h. altk.
ror a weak St.,mach, impaired digestion, and all dis-
orders of tho liver, they act like "MAORI," and a few
doses will be found to work wonders upon the most
important organs in the human machine. They
strengthen the whole museular syatem, restore the
long-lost complexion, bring back the keen edge of
appetite. and arouse into action, with the Boszatru of
health, the whole physical e ergy of the human frame.
- - These are "PAcTs" aamitted by thousands embracing
. classes of Society, and one of the best guarantees to
the Nersous and Debilitated is. BICECHAM'S PILLS
•Kaye tit* largest sale of any Patent bledic.no in the
• world.

z,,,CH4iL.
4... Ne v 7„.„,,.• :12,
40 W St.ll
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all,
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The first dose will give reli
This is na fiction, for '
of - -- fiction,
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

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CRADLEY HEATH, HALESOWEN, AND DISTRICT CHRONICLE.

SALES BY AUCTION.

•40115',!Vi'15Z.--o‘%`''.
•

DEAFNESS, NOISES IN THE EARS, &C. DELL AP.
ESSENCE FOR DEAFNESS should always be tried, as in
numbers of eases, seemingly incurable; it has done
wonders. Slight Deafness, Obstructions in the. Ears,
and the incessant humming sounds so frequent with
affected hearing, are removed after two or three nights'
applications. Dellar's Essence can be spoken of as sure
to give some relief in any case of Deafness without
causing the slightest injury to the delicate organisms of
the ear ; and, however surprising, persons for yk-srs
Deaf have heard sounds after u Liir trial of Deuar,
Essence. I3ottles, is. lid. and 2s. 9d. &Ad by all
Chemists, Post free for 18 Stamps sent to Bedford
Laboratory Bayley Street, London, W,C.

_
Ls,

.. - 4 4.

SAVJRDAY, MARCH 31, 1883.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN
FARMING.

The American Miller points out that wheat at
Odessa has been sold at 48 cents to 54 cents per
bushel at the very time that it sold for 90 to 94 cents
in New York. This is happening, we are told, at a
time when the future of American farming is not so
hopeful as many would have us believe. "The time
is rapidly approaching when the American farmer will
be unable to sell a bushel of wheat in England unless
he can deliver it there at 85 to 90 cents a bushel.
Grain competition from the cheap labour of Egypt
and Eastern Europe will fix these prices. With
grain at 80 or 90 cents a bushels in England, the
Michigan farmer who depends on that market
cannot receive a greater price than 60 or 70
cents for his wheat, and a farmer in lowa 411 or 50
cents." And at these prices, it is declared, wheat
cannot be grown to pay expenses. So far America
has been able to compete with the cheap grain pro-
ducers of Europe by reason af its superior advantages
in carrying freight across the ocean. "But as
Russia, Roumania, and all the great grain belt of
Eastern Europe becomes cobwebbed with railroads,
and is brought into closer communication with the
West, these advantages are disappearing." 'Under
these circumstances the Americans are calling for
greater home consumption, and so for markets in the
States that will have power to fix prices.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

EXPERIMENTS WITH DYNAMITE IN

INDIA.

The Indian agents of the Nobel's Explosives Com-
pany recently invited several persons to insrect their
dynamite stores at Baely Shall, near Hourah. In the
dynamite magazine the party inspected some 700
boxes containing dynamite, built up in rows on
trestles standing up about one foot from the floor. A
box, containing 50 lb, of dynamite, was taken out of
the magazine and was opened by a mallet and wedge.
An indiarubber waterproof lining was then found
which enclosed ten packets, each containing five
pounds of dynamite.

The dynamite itself is a red pasty substance made
up in cartridges about three inches long and one inch
diameter, each cartridge weighing about two ounces,
and enclosed in cartridge paper which is nitro-glycerine
proof.
A box containing 501 b. of dynamite was selected by
one of the company, and experiments were carried
out demonstrating the safety of dynamite even when
subjected to very violent treatmont. The box was
first placed at the bottom of a pit 7 feet deep, and
over it, at a height of 25 feet, suspended by a rope
from a pulley, a block of iron weighing 2141 b. A small
primer of dynamite, with electric fuse and detonator
attached, was fixed to the rope just above the block of
Iron. The spectators retired, and at a given signal
the charge was fired, severing the rope, and the block
ot iron fell on tho box containing the dynamite, com-
pletely smashing through it, and breaking up the
cartridges, but it [failed to explode or even ignite the
dynamite.
A cartridge was then taken out and exploded by
means of a detonator and safety fuse to show that the
dynamite was genuine. Twenty pounds of gunpowder
were then exploded under a plate of iron, on which
was resting a box containing ten pounds of dynamite.
The plate was sent flying into the air toathe height of
about two hundred feet; the box was smashed to
pieces immediately the gunpowder exploded, the two
51b, packets of dynamite were blown into the air with
the plate, and on falling to the ground did not explode
or take fire.

A cartridge from the same box was then exploded
on the ground by means of detonator and fuse to show
that it was not a dummy.

_
The next experiment consisted in placing a pound of
gunpowder in a bkb. packet of dynamite. The gun-
powder was then exploded by means of a fuse without
a detonator; it set fire to the dynamite cartridges,
and threw them in all directions, but did not explode
them.

The next experiment was that a packet of dynamite
was ignited by means of a fuse without a detonator it
burned rapidly away, but did not explode.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

MOUNT ETNA.

A telegram from Rome, dated Monday, says :

There is still cause for some uneasiness in respect to
Etna. The lava has not flowed, but has formed a new
cone. To-day strong shocks of earthquake were felt
at Pedara, and slight ones at Cantania. The site of the
present eruption is further down the mountain than
any previous eruption of modern times, and it is the
first eruption which has occurred on the southern side
of the mountain for more than a century. The
people of the district are again considerably alarmed
to-day.

A Reuter's telegram from Catania, dated March 26,
says :

Three shocks of earthquake, accompanied by
subterranean rumbling, were felt this morning at
Biancavilla, and caused a great panic. The people
are constructing huts in the open country. The pri-
soners in the local gaol have been removed to a place
)f safety.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

THE IRON TRADE.

WOLVERHAMPTON, Wednesday.
The anomaly of strengthened pig iron rate
simultaneously with soutewh st weakened finished
iron orices characterised the market in this town.,
Vend)rs of pig declare that, in respect of their
conamldity, pigs arc only assuming thtir proper
ILva from the depression under which they have
bcen lately weighed down, Consutners, h waver,
who have yet to buy maint tin that pigs are widaly
high, and that quotations mu,t be redu,ied. Dent,y_
shire pigs wen gencrAlly qu:sted Z‘o;., but 4Ss.
was about the selling price. Fifty shillig Wa3
also the quotation of the Wellingborough brand of
Northampton pigs, but there were few or no buyers.
Finished iron masters pointed out that consuimrs
ot their commcdity should not look for lower rates
because of the drop of 61 per ton in wages s'n..a3
that reduction is tueray the taking (al f the ,5 par
cent, rise which the state of trade had out justified.'
Further, that even with the reduction wargcs are
here 24 per cent. higher than in Cleveland. Hoop
and bar makers reported themselves fairly well off,
at from .26 las, upwards for hoops, and a upwards '
for bats. Illustrative of the unequal working of
the new American tariff is the action of the Roofing
Compiny, of Wolverhampton. This is an American
concern for the making of roofing shingles of
stamped sheet irou. Under the late tariff it paid
them to remove their machinery to this side, and
having made the shtt.lts of Blitis't iron, import
tkem into Amerie I, as well as apart -them to
South Ameriban, N.:•v Zealand, a.2.l other markets.
Under the lice taria, on the co:.ll.:t.ri, it will be to
their advantag to re:nove ba ta A.a.2riea rush
machin ;6 as are needed to mann 7a.aure the shinges
letnand iu that country; for, whilst the duty on
British sheet iron is reduced, that on the shingles is
advanced. By the first of July, when the new
taiiff comes into operation, the company will have
their machines fixed in America again. The South
Americau and other customers will still be supplied
from Wolverhampton.

The market at Birmingham on Thursday, WAS of !
a holiday character, and business in all depart-
meate was merely nominal. Eilviries to test I
Prices were f.irly numerous, but they led to noth-
ing as vendors declared their inability to make the 1
further concessions press-d for in respect of the
wages reduction just declared under the sliding
scale. The reduction, it is pointed out, is simply 4
the withdrawal in the 5 per cent. advance con-
cede 1 194 winter us an act of grace in order to put
the Staffordatliro ine I on an equality wi.h those in •••
111.241144114 t. await sosdiwg 4 UP ima
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

A HINT ABOUT FIRES.'

AnEstate Agent writes to The Times :—The frequent
occurrence of fires, involving in most cases the total
destruction of many ancient, interesting, and valuable
mansions in England, induces me to send you a few
lines as to my own experience of the state in which
I found an old hall, well known and much admired
for its architectural beauty. The family being sway
from home, I determined to have every stove taken
out, hearthstones lifted, and chimneys properly exa-
mined by a sweep. The result was, I found that old
age and heat had destroyed bricks and exposed beams,
some o which were much charred. The soot which
had accumulated at backs of stoves and on ledges filled
a large waggon, although the chimneys had been
recently swept by a machine.
The total expense of the examination, re-setting the
stoves, and making all safe is comparatively small;
and if owners of mansions will take warning, and
have careful examinations made of chimneys and flues,
I am sure we shall hear of less fires.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

JOHN HAMPDEN'S SWORD. -

In the small collection of antiquities belonging to
the late Mr. J. Hain Friswell, the well-known
archeologist, sold by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson,
and Hodge, in London last week, was the sword worn
by Hampden during the Civil War. It is a long
rapier with a cross hilt and a scroll guard. One of the
hand plates only remains, which is pierced with orna-
mental work and has the Cross of St. George in plain
metal in the centre. The other plate probably corree-
ponded, or it might have borne the arms of Hampden.
The rapier is obviously of German make, if it were not
observed that in small capital letters, deep in the
centre channel of the blade, Is the name of the maker
—" Wilhelm Wirsbergh, me fecit Solingen." The
blade is evidently of fine temper, though not orna-
mented with any engraving except the channel or
groove which runs from heel to point, though unfor-
tunately about a quarter of an inch of the actual point
has been broken off. It measures as it is 381 n. from
the hand plate. The interesting relic of the great man
put up at a bid of 20 guineas, and, after a spirited
competition, was knocked down at 58 guineas.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

AN AMERICAN TRAVELLER IN
RUSSIA.

The Rev. Dr. John Hall, who travelled in Russia
last summer, has been describing his impressions .of
the country to an audience in New York. The iol-
lowing are extracts from his address :
One of the finest lessons that I 13arned in Russia
was humility. I confess to have been guilty often of
boasting of the magnitude of the United States; but
when we think of the extent of Russia, we have to
drop our swagger and boasting and become meek and
moderate. From east to west Russia is 6,000 miles
across, and from north to scuth 3,600 miles, or, in
round numbers, Russia has double the extent of
territory possessed by the United States. In
the matter of unoccupied land, too, Russia
is our superior. In some parts the popula-
tion is only two persons to the square mile,
and the average for the entire country is only
ten to the square mile. It is easy to see, there-
fore, the enormous facilities Russia has for producing
cereals, and you can imagine the mighty power in the
public policies of the world possessed by this people.
The physical surroundings in Russia are not dissimilar
to those in New Jersey. The land is only partly cul-
tivated; it is mostly fiat, in many places marshy, and
in others covered with a growth of inferior wood.
Imagine New Jersey magnified by 10,000, and you can
form a picture of Russia. The temperature in July
and August is very like that experienced by the people
of New Jersey in May or June. Any of you will be
surprised to learn that Siberia, about which we
have heard such terrible stories, is the best and
richest province in Russia. Several of the exiles have
become rich and prosperous. I have hope for
Russia. We have known how slowly 5,000,000 of
freed men have risen, surrounded fig they have been by
every favourable circumstance. The process is neces-
sarily slow. Men in masses go down easily, but it is
not so easy to lift them up. We must remember that
it was only in 1860 that 40,000,000 of Russian serfs
were set free. But schools have become more plenti-
fnl ; trade is becoming a factor; the sense of freedom
among the people is growing; the power to read and
the demand for books are Increasing; and the process
of raising is surely going on. Russia looks out upon
Europe through the eye of St. Petersburg; but
Europe also looks in through that eye; and I am one
of those that believe that a government at once
limited and liberal for Russia is within a measurable
distance of realization.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

SALES BY AUCTION

I

,

1

• ~
• -

•
• IA S' B COLLEGE, R NORTH
e(, wo
jt HyL,
41i rta 8. Boys' Seaside Boarding School. Home
l'Z'''P tiA ii
t,ro Iteiusiev Fees
OTHER EXHIBITIONS.
I year,
HIBITIONS.
' l'eetus and siligTll)pirstj.srllCireunicnesas
fn ..=
Bev
. PRINCIPAL
,

REGISTERED FOR t
TRANSMISSION ABROAD.

EiTABLISHED 1710 AND 1810.

FILE DEPARTiti ENT.

LIFE DEPARTMENT.

MIDLAND BRANCH OFFICE-

ass.%

SUN 14-41',E AND LIFE OFFICES,

Insurances &toted in all parts of t.Je
and in Fordo couLtries. Totttl btuli insured in jj
1;270,939,74.

Policy bolder participate hi Idir-fifths of the Profits,
Claims pi.id immediately fter pcoof of death and title.
Low rates of premiums for young lives.

172, COLMORE-LOW, La RMING
J. E. NEWSA2,I JAMES,
Ditriot Manager.
Agents at Sturbridge
MR. rf. JAMES, Birmingham Banking Corupiny.
MESSRS, BERNARD and KING, Solicitor.
MR. G. lIIOEIMIDS, Station Master, G.W.R.

XTEIi'VOUS AND PHYSICAL DEBILITY
IN A Gentleman, having tried in vain every ad
vertised remedy, has discovered a simple means of self-
cure. Ile will he happy to forward the particulars to
any sufferer on receipt of a stamped and directed
envelope. Address J. T. SLIVELL, Esq,brook Villa,
ilaturnersmith, L,)ndon.

vi
REMEDY FREE de Ct n _pyrrintahtfuurie
Di me pc
anyl
Ae
le
o of

Nervous Debility, Lost Manhood, eta., havirg tried in
vain every known remedy has discovered a sicuple self
°Ave, which he will send FRYE to hi fellow-sufferers
kddress J. H. REEVE'S, ESQ., 43 Chatham St., New
York City, U. S. A.

TIiADESIIENS' ADDRESSES.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

AMERICAN RAILWAY BUILDING
IN 1882.

The Bailvxty Age publishes a summary of rail-
way construction in the United States for the
year 1882. The account covers only the main track
and shows the construction in States and territories.
On 342 lines the aggregate is 11,343 miles, or about
2,000 miles more than in 1881, which exceeded any
previous year by 2,000 miles.
The construction is divided as follows :—Five New
England States. 53i miles • four Middle States,
1,315 i miles; five Middle 'Western States, 2,077 i
miles: eleven Southern States, I,49olmiles ; four in
Missouri river beltt 2,063 i milea; five in KAMM belt,
2,157 i miles • five in Colorado belt, 1,165 miles; six
in Pacific beft, 1,020 miles.

The report of the Illinois State Commissioners of
Atailroada for 1882 shows that the above•nanaed State
had a larger mileage than any other in the American
Union,

Railroad
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

TELEPHONE EXTENSION.

The Standard of Tuesday publishes a telegram from
Its correspondent at New York saying that a private
test has taken place of a telephone between New York
and Chicago, a distance of one thousand miles, and
the result was a complete success. Previously the
longest distance over which a telephonic message
had been sent was seven hundred miles, between
New York and Cleveland. The present result
is not due solely to the telephone' although that
possesses some novelty, but is mainly due to a novelty
in the conductor. This consisted of a steel wire core,
copper•plated, the electrical resistance of which to
Chicago was only 1,522 ohms, as against upwards of
15,000 ohms, the average resistance of ordinary iron
telephonic wire. This new achievement is regarded
as marking a new era in the development of telephonic
communication.

THE HOURS OF LABOUR IN FRANCE.

Three hundred workmen held a meeting at Mar-
sales on Sunday to discuss the questions of work-
men's assurances and the hours of labour. After a
long discussion the following resolutions were voted
unanimously :
"1. That the assurance of workmen be undertaken
by the State and not by companies paid to insure the
workmen by employers of labour, who deduct a daily
per centage from the wages of their workmen..
"2. That the hours of labour be fixed from 7 A.m. to
7 P.M., with a break of two hours for the midday
meal, and not, as it is settled that they shall be on
and after the Ist of April, from 6 Aai. to 8 P.M.—that
is to say, that the working day be fixed at ten hours,
and not at thirteen hours. The workmen are to work
extra hours when required, these extra hours to be
paid at the rate of 75 centimes per hour."
These resolutions will be submitted to the Municipal
and General Councils of the district.
Stourbridge, West Midlands, England, 1883-03-31

AND

LIVER AND STOMACH PILLS. DR. KING'S DANDELION
AND QUININE LIVER PILLS.—TheSe famous Pills do
not contain even a trace of INler ury, or any of the many
dangerous ingredients frequently found in advertised
Pills. This fact continues to keep Dr. King's renowned
discovery in front of all Pills whatsoever, as the safest
best, speedies, mosit certain, and effectual remedy for
disorders of tho Liver and Stomach, whether in the form
of Biliousness, Constipation, Indigestion, Flatulence,
Acidity, Headache, Shoulder Pains, Feverish Restless-
'Less of the whole system, bisinclination for Food, or
Dyspeptic syroptons generally

4.-