Date: 1893
In Paris the city lays its own wood, rolls its own macadam, does its own paving repairs, though not those for kerbs, does its street-cleaning, but not the carting away of dung, detritus, rubbish, and snow.  The parish or municipality pays no rates and taxes, buys its raw material as cheap as the con tractor, uses its engineers and staff engaged for control without extra payment, but it is hampered by the system of accounts, has to pay its staff at the depots, the rent of same, and interest on cost of machinery plus repairs, whether work is going on or not, and in case of failure has no one to hold  72 NATURAL ASPHALT.