passages.id: split_8_test_1121_passage
passages.type: progene_text
passages.text: As a first step toward the elucidation of GAL1 - initiated signaling events , electrophoresis techniques such as sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , and two - dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) were used together with precipitation techniques .