passages.id: split_5_test_3659_passage
passages.type: progene_text
passages.text: Thus , ligation of CD28 with either CD80 or CD86 leads to shared early signal transduction events such as the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and VAV , to NFAT - mediated transcriptional activation , and to the costimulation of interleukin-2 and granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor production .