passages.id: split_5_test_677_passage
passages.type: progene_text
passages.text: M-Ras only weakly activated extracellular signal - regulated kinase 2 ( ERK2 ) , but it cooperated with Raf , Rac , and Rho to induce transforming foci in NIH 3T3 cells , suggesting that M-Ras signaled via alternate pathways to these effectors .