text: Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of IFN-gamma, IL-3, and GM-CSF mRNA accumulation in activated human T lymphocytes is solely mediated by the beta2-adrenoceptor subtype.
  Cytokine gene expression in T lymphocytes is a strictly regulated process, involving both stimulatory and inhibitory signals. beta-Adrenoceptor (betaAR) agonists are widely used in the treatment of asthma and are able to induce an inhibitory signal on immunological responses after binding to their specific receptors. In this study, the characterization of betaAR subtype(s) (beta1, beta2, and beta3) involved in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA accumulation was studied by using various betaAR agonists and antagonists. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and IL-3 mRNAs are dose-dependently inhibited by the nonselective betaAR agonist isoproterenol and by the selective beta2AR agonist fenoterol. IL-4 mRNA accumulation was not susceptible to betaAR stimulation. The observed inhibition on IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and IL-3 mRNA was blocked by the selective beta2AR antagonist ICI 118,551 (10(-6) M) and by timolol (10(-6) M), a nonselective antagonist. The selective beta1AR antagonist atenolol (0.3 x 10(-6) M) did not have any effect. Secretion of GM-CSF protein in the presence of increasing concentrations of isoproterenol followed a similar pattern as observed for GM-CSF mRNA. In addition, the betaAR-mediated inhibition of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and IL-3 mRNA accumulation and GM-CSF protein secretion were related to the accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Although beta3AR mRNA was detectable in Con A-activated T lymphocytes, we could not demonstrate a functional activity in the regulation of cytokine expression: the beta3AR agonist BRL 37344 had no effect on the accumulation of the studied cytokine mRNAs, and did not significantly affect cellular cAMP levels. These data demonstrate that beta-agonist-induced inhibition of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and IL-3 mRNA accumulation is solely mediated by beta2-adrenoceptors.
entities.id: T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T1 T20 T21 T22 T23 T24 T25 T26 T27 T28 T29 T2 T30 T31 T32 T33 T34 T35 T36 T37 T38 T39 T3 T40 T41 T42 T43 T44 T45 T46 T47 T48 T49 T4 T50 T51 T52 T53 T54 T55 T56 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
entities.type: CHEMICAL GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-N CHEMICAL GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
entities.text: ICI 118,551 Cytokine beta1AR GM-CSF beta-Adrenoceptor GM-CSF betaAR IFN-gamma GM-CSF IL-3 timolol GM-CSF betaAR beta3AR Con A cytokine beta3AR cytokine IFN-gamma GM-CSF IL-3 atenolol beta2-adrenoceptors betaAR interleukin (IL)-3 IL-4 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF interferon-gamma IFN-gamma betaAR Concanavalin A isoproterenol Con A IFN-gamma GM-CSF IL-3 betaAR beta2AR IL-4 betaAR IFN-gamma GM-CSF cyclic adenosine monophosphate IL-3 beta2AR Beta-adrenoceptor beta2-adrenoceptor IFN-gamma IL-3 GM-CSF cAMP BRL 37344 cAMP isoproterenol fenoterol