tokens: Left ventricular function ( assessed by echocardiography ) showed that PPA increased the stroke volume 30 % ( from 62 . 5 + / - 20 . 9 to 80 . 8 + / - 22 . 4 ml ) , the ejection fraction 9 % ( from 64 % + / - 10 % to 70 % + / - 7 % ) , and cardiac output 14 % ( from 3 . 6 + / - 0 . 6 to 4 . 1 + / - 1 . 0 L / min ) .