bibrahim/unikserverless_jan16 huggingface dataset:
10.2.26 Pure Mathematics and Statistics Joint Honours
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the Honours Degree of Bachelor of Science, the following courses are required:
Mathematics 1000, 1001, 2000, 2050, 2051, 2130, 2260, 2320, 3000, 3001, 3202, 3210, 4000, Statistics 1510 or 2500 or 2550, 2410 or 3410, 2501 or 2560, 3411, 3520, 3521, 4402, 4410, 4530;
A computing course early in the program is required. Computer Science 1510 is highly recommended;
Either Mathematics 439A/B or Statistics 459A/B;
One of Mathematics 3331 or 3340;
Eighteen further credit hours in Pure Mathematics and/or Statistics courses numbered 3000 or higher, excluding the former Mathematics 3330, of which at least 12 credit hours must be from courses numbered 4000 or higher excluding Statistics 4581.
Students who have successfully completed Advanced Placement courses in both Physics and Mathematics will normally be eligible for direct entry into Physics 1051, which can be taken concurrently with Physics 2053 and 2750. Eligible students are advised to consult the Department.
Where circumstances warrant, any prerequisites listed below may be waived by the Head of the Department.
11.11.1 Minor in Physics
A minor in Physics will consist of 24 credit hours in Physics courses which must include Physics 1050 (or 1020), 1051, 2053, 2055, 2750, 2820. Only 6 credit hours at the 1000 level can be used to fulfill the 24 credit hours. For those students whose major is Chemistry or Human Biosciences, the 24 credit hours in Physics will not include 2053.
For Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering students, 24 credit hours in Physics which must include Physics 1050 (or 1020), 1051, 2750, and 3000, with an additional 12 credit hours selected from Physics 2820, 3600, 3750, 3751, 3800, 4000, 4220, 4600 or other 3000 or 4000 level courses subject to approval by the Head of the Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography and the Head of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
11.11.2 Major in Physics
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the General Degree of Bachelor of Science, a student shall successfully complete the following requirements:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses.
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 or (1200 and 1001).
Mathematics 1000 and 1001.
Computer Science 1510 or 1001.
Mathematics 2000, 2050, 2260, and 3202.
Physics 1050 (or 1020) and 1051.
Physics 2053, 2055, 2750, 2820, 3220, 3400, 3500, 3750, 3820 and 3900.
An additional 9 credit hours in physics courses numbered 3000 or higher which shall include at least 6 credit hours selected from the courses numbered 4000 or higher (excluding 490A/B).
Forty-two credit hours in applicable elective courses to form a total of 120 credit hours.
Mathematics 1001, 2000 and 2050 are prerequisites to many Physics courses and should be successfully completed by the end of second year. Mathematics 2260 is co-requisite to Physics 3220 and is recommended to be successfully completed before the Winter semester of the third year. Those who intend to make a career in Physics should note that additional Physics courses are strongly recommended and interested students should consult the academic program officer.
11.11.3 Honours in Physics
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the Honours Degree of Bachelor of Science, students shall successfully complete the following requirements:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses.
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or 1200 and 1001).
Mathematics 1000 and 1001.
Computer Science 1510 or 1001.
Mathematics 2000, 2050, 2260, 3202.
Physics 1050 (or 1020) and 1051.
Physics 2053, 2055, 2750, 2820, 3220, 3230, 3400, 3500, 3750, 3820, 3900, 4500, 4820, 4850, 490A/B.
Physics 3800 or 4900.
An additional 12 credit hours in physics courses numbered 3000 or higher which shall include at least 6 credit hours selected from physics courses numbered 4000 or higher. Students are encouraged to consider Physics 3800, 4400 and 4900, and other courses depending on the focus of their thesis research.
Eighteen credit hours in applicable elective courses to form a total of 120 credit hours.
Notes:
Certain graduate courses may be taken in the final year of the Honours Program with the permission of the Head of the Department.
Only 6 credit hours at the 1000 level in each of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics can be used to fulfil the 120 credit hours required for the Honours program. The inclusion of Mathematics 1090 (or 109A/B) or the sequence of Physics 1020, 1021, and 1051 will each increase the number of credit hours required for the Honours Physics program by three.
An Honours thesis is to be presented on work undertaken by the candidate under the guidance of a Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography faculty member. The thesis comprises the 6 credit hour course Physics 490A/B. Students should seek departmental advice regarding a thesis project no later than the winter preceding the semester in which the project will be started.
For specific courses and recommendations about electives, consultation with a faculty advisor in the Department is suggested.
11.11.4 Major in Environmental Physics
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the General Degree of Bachelor of Science, students shall successfully complete the following requirements:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses.
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or Chemistry 1010, the former 1011, and the former 1031)
Mathematics 1000 and 1001
Mathematics 2000, 2050, 2260, 3202
Physics 1050 (or 1020) and 1051
Physics 2053, 2055, 2300, 2820, 3220, 3300, 3340, 3820 (or Earth Sciences 3179), 3900
Earth Sciences 1000, 1002, 2502, 3600
Geography 2102, 2195, 3120
Biology 2120, 2600
Plus 30 additional credit hours from elective courses for a total of 120 credit hours.
The Major degree offers students a fair degree of latitude in choosing electives, students are encouraged to take Physics 2750 as well as electives from Geography and Earth Sciences: of particular merit would be any of Earth Sciences 3611, 3170, 3172 or 4105.
 

11.11.5 Honours in Environmental Physics
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the Honours Degree of Bachelor of Science, students shall successfully complete the following requirements:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or Chemistry 1010, the former 1011, and the former 1031)
Mathematics 1000 and 1001
Mathematics 2000, 2050, 2260, 3202
Physics 1050 (or 1020) and 1051
Physics 2053, 2055, 2300, 2820, 3220, 3300, 3340, 3820 (or Earth Sciences 3179), 3900, 4205, 4300, 4340, 490A/B
Earth Sciences 1000, 1002, 2502, 3600
Geography 2102, 2195, 3120
Biology 2120, 2600
Plus 15 additional credit hours from elective courses for a total of 120 credit hours.
Students are encouraged to take Physics 2750 as well as electives from Geography and Earth Sciences: of particular merit would be any of Earth Sciences 3611, 3170, 3172 or 4105.
11.11.6 Major in Ocean Physics
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the General Degree of Bachelor of Science, students shall successfully complete the following requirements:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses.
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or Chemistry 1200 and 1001).
Mathematics 1000 and 1001.
Computer Science 1510 or 1001.
Mathematics 2000, 2050, 2260, and 3202.
Physics 1050 (or 1020) and 1051.
One of Ocean Sciences 2000, 2100, or 2200.
Ocean Sciences 2300 or Physics 2300.
Physics 2053, 2055, 2750, 2820, 3220, 3400, 3500, 3820, and 3900.
Physics 3300, 3340, and 4300.
An additional 3 credit hours in physics courses numbered 3000 or higher. Students are encouraged to consider Physics 3150, 3750, 3800, 4205, or 4340.
Thirty-six credit hours in applicable elective courses.
Mathematics 1001, 2000 and 2050 are prerequisites to many Physics courses and should be successfully completed by the end of second year. Note that Mathematics 2260 is co-requisite to Physics 3220 and is recommended to be successfully completed before the Winter term of the third year. Statistics 2550 is a recommended elective. Note that Ocean Sciences 1000 is a prerequisite for Ocean Sciences 2000 and Earth Sciences 1000 is a prerequisite for Ocean Sciences 2200 so that interested students need to consider this if they choose either of these options for clause 7 above.
11.11.7 Honours in Ocean Physics
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the Honours Degree of Bachelor of Science, students shall successfully complete the following requirements:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses.
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or Chemistry 1200 and 1001).
Mathematics 1000 and 1001.
Computer Science 1510 or 1001.
Mathematics 2000, 2050, 2260, and 3202.
One of Ocean Sciences 2000, 2100, or 2200.
Physics 1050 (or 1020) and 1051.
Physics 2053, 2055, 2750, 2820, 3220, 3230, 3400, 3500, 3750, 3800, 3820, 3900, 4820, and 490A/B.
Ocean Sciences 2300 or Physics 2300.
Physics 3300, 3340, 4205, 4300, and 4340.
Statistics 2550.
Twelve credit hours in applicable elective courses.
Certain of the graduate courses may be taken in the final year of the Honours Program with the permission of the Head of the Department.
Only 6 credit hours at the 1000 level in each of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics can be used to fulfill the 120 credit hours required for the Honours program. The inclusion of Mathematics 1090, or the sequence of Physics 1020, 1021, and 1051, will each increase the number of credit hours required for the Honours Physics program by three.
Ocean Sciences 1000 is a prerequisite for Ocean Sciences 2000 and Earth Sciences 1000 is a prerequisite for Ocean Sciences 2200 so that interested students need to consider this if they choose either of these options for clause 6 above.
An Honours thesis is to be presented on work undertaken by the student under the guidance of a Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography faculty member. The thesis comprises the 6 credit hour course Physics 490A/B. Students should see departmental advice regarding a thesis project no later than the winter preceding the semester in which the project will be started.
For specific courses and recommendations about electives, consultation with a faculty advisor in the Department is suggested.
Not all courses are offered every year. Students should check with the Department prior to registration to plan programs.
COURSES-
Physics courses are designated by PHYS.
PHYS 1020 Introductory Physics I
is an algebra-based introduction to Newtonian mechanics. Topics covered include motion in one and two dimensions, Newton’s laws, momentum, energy and work, and rotational motion. Previous exposure to physics would be an asset but is not essential.
CO: Mathematics 1090 or 109A
CR: PHYS 1050
LH: 3; six laboratory sessions per semester
OR: tutorial sessions may be held on weeks when no laboratory is scheduled
PR: Level III Advanced Mathematics or Mathematics 1090 or 109A, Science 1807 and Science 1808. It is recommended that students have completed at least one of level II and level III high school physics courses
  
PHYS 1021 Introductory Physics II
is an algebra-based introduction to oscillations, fluids, wave motion, electricity and magnetism, and circuits.
LH: 3; normally there will be six laboratory sessions per semester
OR: tutorial sessions may be held on weeks when no laboratory is scheduled
PR: PHYS 1020 or 1050, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 1050 General Physics I: Mechanics
is a calculus-based introduction to mechanics. The course emphasizes problem solving, beginning with a review of vectors and one-dimensional kinematics. The main part of the course covers motion in two dimensions, forces and Newton’s Laws, energy, momentum, rotational motion and torque, and finally oscillations. For details regarding recommendations for students taking PHYS 1050, see Note 4 under Physics and Physical Oceanography.
CO: Mathematics 1000
CR: PHYS 1020
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1000, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 1051 General Physics II: Oscillations, Waves, Electromagnetism
is a calculus-based introduction to oscillations, wave motion, and electromagnetism. Topics include: simple harmonic motion; travelling waves, sound waves, and standing waves; electric fields and potentials; magnetic forces and fields; electric current and resistance; and electromagnetic waves.
CO: Mathematics 1001
LH: 3
PR: PHYS 1050, or 1021, or 1020 (with a minimum grade of 70%), Mathematics 1001, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2053 Fluids and Thermodynamics
introduces the student to basic concepts in fluid statics and dynamics as well as the fundamental concepts in thermal physics: kinetic theory, the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes, entropy, and heat engines and refrigerators.
CO: Mathematics 1001 and PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%)
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1001 and PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%), Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2055 Electricity and Magnetism
CO: Mathematics 1001 and PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%)
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1001 and PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%), Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2055 Electricity and Magnetism
builds upon the concepts of electric and magnetic forces and fields, Gauss's Law, electric potential and electromagnetic induction introduced in PHYS 1051, expanding them to introduce capacitance, their application in DC and AC circuits, electromagnetic waves, wave optics, and geometric optics.
CO: Mathematics 2000
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 2000, PHYS 1051, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2151 Stellar Astronomy and Astrophysics
introduces concepts in modern astronomy including: the celestial sphere, eclipses, parallax, and Kepler's laws; radiation; the Sun; spectroscopy; telescopes, resolution, and detectors; magnitudes, spectral classifications, and the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; the interstellar medium, star formation, stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, white dwarfs, neutron stars, pulsars, nebulae, supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts; galaxies, dark matter, and active galactic nuclei; cosmology, the cosmic microwave background, inflation and dark energy; and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
PR: 6 credit hours in Mathematics courses at the first year level
  
PHYS 2300 Introductory Physical Oceanography
provides an introduction to general oceanography with a primary focus on physical oceanography. Topics include how oceans form and evolve on a planetary scale. Ocean characteristics studied include: the properties of seawater; elementary dynamics of fluids on the rotating Earth; ocean circulation; wind-forcing in the ocean; tides and waves. Contemporary methods used in oceanographic study are covered including satellite oceanography. Interactions that occur between physical and chemical processes and biological activity are reviewed.
CR: Environmental Science 2371
EQ: Ocean Sciences 2300
PR: 6 credit hours in any first-year courses in Physics
  
PHYS 2750 Modern Physics
explores the fundamental ideas that are still driving technological developments. Einstein's theory of special relativity, and the microscopic world described by quantum physics are introduced through crucial historical observations. The course covers the dual nature of light and particles, quantum well and quantum tunneling phenomena, which play a key role in modern electronics. Atomic and nuclear structure, and elementary particles are also described.
CO: Mathematics 1001; PHYS 1051
CR: PHYS 2056
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1001; PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%)
  
PHYS 2820 Computational Mechanics
introduces computational methods in the context of Newtonian mechanics. Numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions to differential equations and data analysis are applied to projectile motion, N-body systems, oscillations and problems from astrophysics and geophysics. Implementation of numerical methods using computer programming is emphasized.
CO: Mathematics 2000
LH: 2
PR: Mathematics 2000 and PHYS 1051
PHYS 2820 Computational Mechanics
introduces computational methods in the context of Newtonian mechanics. Numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions to differential equations and data analysis are applied to projectile motion, N-body systems, oscillations and problems from astrophysics and geophysics. Implementation of numerical methods using computer programming is emphasized.
CO: Mathematics 2000
LH: 2
PR: Mathematics 2000 and PHYS 1051
  
PHYS 3000 Physics of Device Materials
is an introduction to the physics of materials, particularly group IV and III-V semiconductors, used in common technological devices. It covers fundamental concepts including structures of crystalline solids, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics of charge carriers, equilibrium charge carrier concentrations, carrier transport and excess carrier phenomena. These concepts are applied to multi-material devices including pn and metal-semiconductor junctions, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, photovoltaic devices, light-emitting diodes, and solid-state lasers.
PR: PHYS 1051
  
PHYS 3050 Introduction to Biophysics
focuses on theoretical and computational modeling of biological processes using tools and concepts from physics, including the statistical physics of polymers, electrostatics of aqueous solutions, free energy minimization, energy-entropy competition, random walks, diffusion, the Einstein relation and depletion forces. With these tools the course examines the physics of biological processes such as osmotic pressure in cells, folding and cooperativity of macromolecules, ligand-receptor binding, energy balance of the cell, cell membrane shapes, ion channels, and molecular motors.
PR: one of Computer Science 1510 or 1001 or PHYS 2820, and one of PHYS 2053 or Chemistry 2301
  
PHYS 3150 Astrophysics I
covers macroscopic and microscopic physics related to stellar structure, energy production, and evolution. This includes stellar observables, gravity and other forces, the Virial Theorem, light and matter in stars, stellar spectra and classification, Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams and properties of main sequence dwarf stars, radiation in the stellar atmosphere, structural relationships and stellar models, energy sources and energy transport in stars, star formation and stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, variable stars, Chandrasekhar’s limit, and degenerate remnants.
CR: PHYS 3160
PR: PHYS 2053, 2750 (or 2056), and 2820
  
PHYS 3151 Astrophysics II
deals with galactic and cosmological scale astrophysics. Topics include: galaxies including Hubble classification, dark matter, and structure of the Milky Way Galaxy; globular and open star clusters; compact objects including compact binary systems, novas and supernovas, pulsars and magnetars, X-ray binaries; black holes, active galactic nuclei, quasars, the Lyman forest, and the Gunn-Peterson trough; and cosmology including the cosmic microwave background, the FLRW metric, the Friedmann equations, cosmological expansion, and dark energy.
CR: PHYS 3160
PR: PHYS 3150 and 3220
  
PHYS 3220 Classical Mechanics I
CR: PHYS 3160
PR: PHYS 3150 and 3220
  
PHYS 3220 Classical Mechanics I
covers vector operations, coordinate transformations, derivative of vectors, Newton’s laws, differential equations, kinematics and dynamics of a particle, linear and quadratic air resistance, terminal velocity, momentum of a time varying mass, center of mass systems, angular momentum, moment of inertia, energy, work-energy theorem, forces as the gradient of potential energy, time dependent potential energy, curvilinear one-dimensional systems, energy of a multiparticle system, calculus of variations, and Lagrangian Dynamics.
CO: PHYS 2820, Mathematics 2260 and 3202
PR: PHYS 2820, Mathematics 2260 and 3202
  
PHYS 3230 Classical Mechanics II
covers noninertial frames of reference, Newton's second law in a rotating frame, centrifugal force, Coriolis force, motion of rigid bodies, center of mass, rotation about a fixed axis, rotation about any axis, inertia tensor, Euler's equations with zero torque, coupled oscillators, chaos theory, bifurcation diagrams, state-space orbits, Poincare sections, Hamiltonian dynamics, ignorable coordinate, phase-space orbits, Liouville's theorem, scattering angle, impact parameter, differential scattering cross section, and Rutherford scattering.
CO: Mathematics 3202
PR: PHYS 3220, Mathematics 2260 and 3202
  
PHYS 3300 Intermediate Physical Oceanography
provides a physics-based introduction to both dynamical and descriptive physical oceanography. Topics include properties of seawater, geostrophy, conservation equations, wind-forced dynamics, large-scale ocean circulation and waves and tides. A survey of analytical, observational, numerical, and laboratory approaches is presented.
PR: PHYS 2053 and Mathematics 2000 or registration in Academic Term 5 of the Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering program
  
PHYS 3340 Principles of Environmental Physics
applies basic physical principles to the environment of the Earth with a focus on problem solving and developing physical understanding. Key topics to be covered include the climate system and climate change, energy production and use, and the role of science in guiding public decision-making.
PR: Mathematics 2000 and PHYS 2053
  
PHYS 3400 Thermal Physics
covers central concepts in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, including temperature, entropy, the laws of thermodynamics, the Einstein model of solids, paramagnetism, Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, chemical potential, thermodynamic identities, Boltzmann statistics, the partition function, and quantum statistics.
PR: Mathematics 2000, PHYS 2053 and PHYS 2750 or (2056)
  
PHYS 3500 Electromagnetic Fields I
examines the laws of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields based on vector calculus and a local formulation. Topics covered include Gauss's law, potentials, energy and work, the multipole expansion, Laplace's equation and boundary conditions, linear dielectrics, electric polarization, electric displacement, capacitance, magnetic fields B and H, vector potentials, Lorentz force, magnetization and Maxwell's equations.
CR: Electrical and Computer Engineering 5700, the former Engineering 5812
examines the laws of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields based on vector calculus and a local formulation. Topics covered include Gauss's law, potentials, energy and work, the multipole expansion, Laplace's equation and boundary conditions, linear dielectrics, electric polarization, electric displacement, capacitance, magnetic fields B and H, vector potentials, Lorentz force, magnetization and Maxwell's equations.
CR: Electrical and Computer Engineering 5700, the former Engineering 5812
PR: PHYS 2055 and Mathematics 3202
  
PHYS 3550 Electric Circuits
covers circuit elements. Simple resistive circuits. Techniques of circuit analysis. Topology in circuit analysis. Operational amplifiers. Reactive circuit elements. Natural response and step response of RL, RC and RLC circuits. Circuits driven by sinusoidal sources. Mutual inductance. Series and parallel resonance. Laplace transforms in the analysis of frequency response.
CO: Mathematics 2260
CR: Electrical and Computer Engineering 3300, the former Engineering 3821
LC: 6
LH: 6
PR: Mathematics 2050, Mathematics 2260 or (the former Mathematics 3260), PHYS 2055
PHYS 3600 Optics and Photonics I
covers topics in geometrical and physical optics and applications of associated phenomena, principles, and concepts to photonics. Topics include geometrical optics (thin lenses, mirrors, and optical instruments), physical optics (two-beam and multiple-beam interference, Fraunhofer diffraction, reflection, transmission, and polarization), and applications (fibre-optic light guides, modulation of light waves, and optical communication systems).
PR: Mathematics 2000 and PHYS 2055
  
PHYS 3750 Quantum Physics I
introduces the foundational techniques that are required to understand the physics of atoms and molecules. Beginning with the wave-particle duality of nature, the wave function and the time-independent Schrodinger equation, techniques to calculate wave functions and macroscopic observables in simple one-dimensional models are covered. The three-dimensional hydrogen atom, the simplest real-life system that allows for a quantitative quantum description, is then examined in detail.
CO: Mathematics 2000. PHYS 3220 is recommended.
PR: PHYS 2750 (or 2056 or CHEM 2302). PHYS 3220 is recommended.
  
PHYS 3751 Quantum Physics II
is an introduction to the physics of elementary particles. After a brief overview of special relativity and non-relativistic quantum mechanics, this course covers relativistic quantum mechanics (Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, antiparticles, spin, transition probability, and Feynman diagrams) and particle physics (leptons and quarks, strong and weak interaction, conservation laws, and the standard model of elementary particles).
PR: PHYS 3750
  
PHYS 3800 Computational Physics
is a project-based course that trains students to become functional in computational methods by writing and compiling computer code (C/Fortran) in a Unix environment to solve problems from different areas of physics. Students complete one or more projects that introduce students to a particular class of numerical methods. Lectures and tutorials cover the theory that underlies the computational methods and background for code development and the application of the required numerical methods.
LH: 2
PR: Computer Science 1510, or 1001, or Engineering 1020 (or other computer programming course as approved by the instructor). PHYS 2820, Mathematics 2260 (or the former Mathematics 3260), and Mathematics 3202
PHYS 3820 Mathematical Physics I
focuses on applications of mathematical techniques to solve problems in physics. Vectors, vector calculus, matrices and tensors, coordinate systems and transformations, and summation notation are reviewed. Topics in complex numbers, functions and calculus are introduced, including branch cuts, differentiation, integration, Cauchy formula, series, residue theorem, and the gamma function. Other topics include differential equations using series solutions and separation of variables, and Fourier series of real and complex functions.
PR: Mathematics 2260 (or the former Mathematics 3260), and Mathematics 3202
  
PHYS 3900 Experimental Physics I
develops experimental, analytical, and communications skills through extended experiments in fields of physics including optics, magnetism, fluids, spectroscopy, materials characterization, and modern physics. Students select from a range of experiments that illustrate concepts encountered in previous courses to apply existing knowledge and problem solving skills, while other experiments introduce more advanced techniques and phenomena.
CR: PHYS 4880
LC: 0
LH: 6
PR: at least two of PHYS 2053, 2820, 2055, PHYS 2750 (or 2056); Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 4000 Solid State Physics
focuses on the relation between structure and physical properties in crystalline materials. An introduction to crystal structure addresses symmetry and reciprocal space. Phonons and lattice vibrations are linked with thermal properties of solids. Electrons in solids, including energy bands and semiconductors, lead to discussions of transport in solids.
PR: PHYS 3400 and 3750

PHYS 4205 Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
covers basic observations, mass conservation, vorticity, stress, hydrostatics, rate of strain, momentum conservation (Navier-Stokes equation), simple viscous and inviscid flows, Reynolds number, boundary layers, Bernoulli's and Kelvin's theorems, potential flows, water waves, thermodynamics.
CR: ONAE 4020
EQ: Mathematics 4180
PR: Mathematics 2260 (or the former Mathematics 3260) and Mathematics 3202
  
PHYS 4210 Continuum Mechanics
- inactive course.
  
PHYS 4220 Introduction to General Relativity
studies both the mathematical structure and physical content of Einstein’s theory of gravity. Topics include the geometric formulation of special relativity, curved spacetimes, metrics, geodesics, causal structure, gravity as spacetime curvature, the weak-field limit, geometry outside a spherical star, Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, Robertson-Walker cosmologies, gravitational waves, an introduction to tensor calculus, Einstein’s equations, and the stress-energy tensor.
CO: Mathematics 4230
EQ: Mathematics 4130
PR: Mathematics 3202 and one of PHYS 3220, Mathematics 4230 or waiver approved by the instructor
  
PHYS 4300 Advanced Physical Oceanography
covers dynamical physical oceanography. The equations of motion in oceanography are derived and analysed. Topics include geostrophy, conservation equations, linear and non-linear wave theory, and open ocean and shelf circulation dynamics.
PR: PHYS 3300 and 3820
PHYS 4340 Modelling in Environmental Physics
covers the basic principles underlying environmental modelling. Techniques for numerical modelling are introduced with applications to simulation of terrestrial, atmospheric and oceanic environments. Concepts and principles of free and forced dynamical systems are introduced and applied to the analysis and interpretation of simplified climate and environment model simulations. Includes some discussion of dynamics and transition to chaos in environmental systems, uncertainty in their simulations and predictability of future environmental and climate changes.
PR: PHYS 3340 and PHYS 3820 or waiver approved by the instructor
  
PHYS 4400 Statistical Mechanics
covers ensembles. Classical and quantum statistical mechanics. Statistical mechanics of phase transitions. Advanced topics in statistical mechanics.
CO: PHYS 3750
PR: PHYS 3400 and 3750
  
PHYS 4500 Electromagnetic Fields II
covers electrodynamics and the applications of Maxwell's equations. Topics covered include electrodynamics (Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions), conservation laws (continuity equation, Poynting's theorem, and momentum conservation), electromagnetic waves (wave properties, reflection and transmission, absorption and dispersion, guided waves), radiation (potential and fields, dipole radiation, and radiation from point charges), and relativistic electrodynamics. Selected topics in electrodynamics and applied electromagnetism may be introduced.
CR: Electrical and Computer Engineering 6700, the former Engineering 6813
PR: PHYS 3500 and 3820
  
PHYS 4600 Optics and Photonics II
covers principles of lasers, interactions of laser light and matter, and new developments in the fields of optics and photonics. Topics include wave optics, optical resonators, interaction of radiation and atomic systems, principles and techniques of lasers, nonlinear optics and devices, guided-wave optics, and fibre-optic communication. Recent development in the fields, such as photonic crystal optics, ultrafast optics, and nano-optics will be introduced.
PR: PHYS 3500 and 3600
PHYS 4820 Mathematical Physics II
covers topics on the common partial differential equations of Mathematical Physics and boundary value problems; Sturm-Liouville theory, introduction to the theory of distributions, Dirac delta function, Laplace and Fourier transforms, Green’s functions, Bessel functions, Legendre functions, spherical harmonics, and other topics such as group theory.
PR: PHYS 3820 or all of Mathematics 2051, 2260, 3202, 3210
  
PHYS 4850 Quantum Mechanics
is a mathematically-based course that covers: the postulates of quantum mechanics; Hermitian operators; x, p and matrix representations of quantum mechanics; the harmonic oscillator; spin and orbital angular momentum and addition of angular momentum; stationary perturbation theory; time dependent perturbation theory.
PR: PHYS 3750 and 3820
  
PHYS 4851 Advanced Quantum Mechanics
is a continuation of PHYS 4850 that covers: density operators; unitary operators, including symmetry operations and the time-evolution operator; gauge transformations and Berry's phase; quantum mechanical entanglement; systems of identical particles.
PR: PHYS 4820 and 4850
  
PHYS 4852 Quantum Information and Computing
covers postulates of quantum mechanics, matrix theory, density matrices, qubits, qubit registers, entanglement, quantum gates, superdense coding, quantum teleportation, quantum algorithms, open systems, decoherence, physical realization of quantum computers.
EQ: Mathematics 4252
PR: Mathematics 2051 or PHYS 3820
  
PHYS 4900 Experimental Physics II
builds on the skills developed in Experimental Physics I through advanced and open-ended experiments in fields of physics including optics, magnetism, fluids, spectroscopy, materials characterization, and modern physics.
LC: 0
LH: 6
PR: PHYS 3900, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 490A/B Honours Physics Thesis
is required of the Honours program.
  
PHYS 6317 Underwater Acoustics
covers basic theory of sound, sound in the ocean environment, wave equation, ray tracing, sonar system operation, transducers, applications.
PR: PHYS 3810 (or the former Mathematics 3220) and 3220, or waiver approved by the instructor
  
PHYS 6318 Ocean Climate Modelling
covers numerical techniques, finite difference, finite element and spectral methods. Introduction to the climate system. Ocean climate models. Box models. Variability on interdecadal, centennial and geological scales. Zonally averaged models. 3-D ocean modelling. Thermohaline circulation. General circulation models. Climate modelling and global warming.
PR: PHYS 3810 (or Mathematics 3202), PHYS 3300 and the completion of any 15 credit hours in core courses at the 3000 or 4000 level in the Faculty of Science or waiver approved by the instructor
A student who wishes to question a grade in a course should follow the process outlined in University Regulations (Undergraduate), Route for Questioning Grades.
Bachelor of Arts General Degree Components
On this page
6.1.1 Academic Advising and Declaring a Bachelor of Arts
6.1.2 Core Requirements
6.1.2.1 Breadth of Knowledge Requirement
6.1.2.2 Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) Requirement
6.1.2.3 Language Study (LS) Requirement
6.1.2.4 Quantitative Reasoning (QR) Requirement
6.1.2.5 Previous Calendar Regulations
6.1.3 The Major Program
6.1.3.1 Major Programs of Study
6.1.3.2 Courses in the Major
6.1.4 The Minor Program
6.1.4.1 Minor Programs of Study
6.1.4.2 Courses in the Minor
6.1.5 The Joint Major Program
6.1.6 Electives
6.1.7 Limit on Certain Credit Hours
A student for the General Degree of Bachelor of Arts must complete a minimum of 120 credit hours in courses subject to the following regulations.
A Bachelor of Arts emphasizes the study of the Humanities and Social Sciences. The Bachelor of Arts General Degree consists of the following components:
Core Requirements courses, some of which may also be used to satisfy other components of the Degree;
a Major Program, including a minimum 60% average, or alternatively an Honours Program;
a Minor Program, including a minimum 60% average, or alternatively a second major including a minimum 60% average; and
Electives.
Courses #4-5 (6 credit hours): choose 1000-level courses as electives. Breadth is encouraged. Consider choosing courses in a possible Major and Minor. Programs without 1000-level courses offer 2000-level courses that are ordinarily completed in the first year of study.

Semester 2 (15 credit hours)	
Course #6 (3 credit hours): second course for Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) Requirement, ideally in an area of study being considered for the Major. This course can be at the 1000-level or 2000-level.

Course #7 (3 credit hours): second course for Language Study (LS) Requirement

Course #8 (3 credit hours): second course for Quantitative Reasoning (QR) Requirement. Eligible Quantitative Reasoning courses offered at the 3000-level are normally completed after the first 45 credit hours.

Courses #9-10 (6 credit hours): choose additional electives of interest. Breadth is encouraged. Consider declaring a Major and Minor.

Semester 3 (15 credit hours)	Courses #11-15 (15 credit hours): consider your Major and Minor program requirements, as appropriate. Choose further electives.

6.1.2.1 Breadth of Knowledge Requirement
The Breadth of Knowledge Requirement is designed to ensure that students have exposure to courses in a variety of disciplines and interdisciplinary areas of study within the Humanities and Social Sciences, in order to achieve a well-rounded Humanities and Social Sciences education. To fulfill the Breadth of Knowledge Requirement, a student’s Bachelor of Arts program (core, major, minor and electives) must contain at least one course in a minimum of 6 of the following areas of study in the Humanities and/or Social Sciences, chosen from: Anthropology, Archaeology, Classics, Communication Studies, Criminology, Economics, English, Folklore, French, Gender Studies, Geography, German, History, Languages, Law and Public Policy, Linguistics, Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Philosophy, Political Science, Religious Studies, Russian, Sociology, Spanish courses.
6.1.2.2 Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) Requirement
The Critical Reading and Writing Requirement (CRW) is designed to ensure that students develop university-level foundational knowledge and skills in critical reading and writing in the Humanities and/or Social Sciences, as described in the CRW course guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/crw. To fulfill the Critical Reading and Writing Requirement, a student must complete a minimum of 6 credit hours in foundational Critical Reading and Writing courses. This shall include 3 credit hours in a 1000-level CRW course offered by English, and an additional 3 credit hours in any Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences course whose title begins with “Critical Reading and Writing” chosen from the following eligible courses: Anthropology 2409, Archaeology 1001, 1005, Classics 1001, English 1090 or the former 1080, 1191 or the former 1101, 1192 or the former 1102, 1193 or the former 1103, 1110, Folklore 1005, Gender Studies 1005 or the former 2005, German 1010, History 1005, 1007, 1009-1015, Philosophy 1010, 1011, Political Science 1001, Religious Studies 1001. Courses offered at Grenfell Campus using these course numbers are only eligible if they meet the CRW criteria specified above.
Normally, students will complete 3 credit hours in an English CRW course, and 3 credit hours in a CRW course in another area of study included in the Breadth of Knowledge Requirement, preferably in the student's respective Major or Minor if available. The foregoing notwithstanding, any student who has completed a minimum of 3 credit hours in any English course may instead elect to fulfill the CRW Requirement by completing 6 credit hours in CRW courses in any disciplines in the Humanities and/or Social Sciences.
A Critical Reading and Writing course cannot also be used to fulfill the Language Study Requirement or the Quantitative Reasoning Requirement. Guidelines for CRW courses are maintained by the Faculty's Curriculum and Programs Committee.
As outlined in Limited Enrolment Courses and Transfer Credits, limitations exist on the number of transfer credits eligible towards the Core Requirements.
6.1.2.3 Language Study (LS) Requirement
The Language Study (LS) Requirement is designed to ensure that students develop university-level foundational knowledge of the structure of a language other than English, and to foster awareness of the inherent link between language and cultural literacy, as described in the LS course guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/ls. To fulfill the Language Study Requirement, a student must complete a minimum of 6 credit hours in the study of a single language, other than English, chosen from one of the following languages taught in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences: Ancient Greek, French, German, Hebrew, Innu-aimu, Inuktitut, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish or another language that may be offered by the Faculty. Not all courses in the Department of Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures or other departments qualify and it is a student's responsibility to refer to the applicable Calendar entry. The guidelines for LS courses are maintained by the Faculty's Curriculum and Programs Committee.
A student with competency in one of these languages should check with the respective department to select appropriate university-level courses.
A student whose first language is not English and who does not meet the standards for entry into regular first-year English courses may use English 1020 and 1021 to fulfill this requirement. University-level credit hours earned in the study of a language other than English at other institutions may be eligible for transfer to fulfill this requirement, including the study of a language not taught at Memorial University of Newfoundland for which unspecified LS credit hours may be awarded. For further information refer to Limited Enrolment Courses and Transfer Credits, Transfers From Other Post-Secondary Institutions.
As outlined in Limited Enrolment Courses and Transfer Credits, limitations exist on the number of transfer credits eligible towards the Core Requirements, and approved university-level credit hours earned in the study of a language other than English at other institutions may be eligible for transfer to fulfill this requirement.
6.1.2.4 Quantitative Reasoning (QR) Requirement
The Quantitative Reasoning (QR) Requirement is designed to ensure that students develop university-level foundational knowledge and skills in numeracy, quantitative analysis, logical reasoning involving numbers, and/or the graphical representation of data, as described in the QR course guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/qr. To fulfill the Quantitative Reasoning Requirement, a student must complete a minimum of 6 credit hours in foundational Quantitative Reasoning courses, through any combination of the following:
Eligible Humanities and Social Sciences courses: Archaeology 2450, Classics 3902, Economics 1010 or the former 2010, 1020 or the former 2010, 2550; Geography 1050, 2102, 2195, 2302; History 2000; Linguistics 2210, 3850; Philosophy 2030, 2031 or the former 2210, 2211; Political Science 3010, 3350; Sociology 3040.
Eligible Faculty of Science courses (limited to disciplines for which there is a Humanities and Social Sciences Major): Computer Science 1000-level and 2000-level courses; Mathematics 1000-level courses, 2050; Psychology 2910, 2911, 2920; Statistics 1510, 2500, 2550.
Some foundation-level Quantitative Reasoning courses have prerequisites and/or are offered at the 3000-level. Such courses will normally be completed after the first 45 credit hours. Guidelines for QR courses are maintained by the Faculty's Curriculum and Programs Committee.
As outlined in Limited Enrolment Courses and Transfer Credits, limitations exist on the number of transfer credits eligible towards the Core Requirements.

6.1.2.5 Previous Calendar Regulations
A student who has successfully completed any course at Memorial University of Newfoundland prior to September 2015 may choose to follow Core Requirement Calendar regulations from the corresponding previous edition of the University Calendar. For all students, a course section with the former Research/Writing (R/W) designation that was successfully completed prior to September 2015 may be used to fulfil the second Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) course requirement (i.e., all students must successfully complete at least one English course); identifying eligible R/W courses may require consultation with an academic advisor.

6.1.3 The Major Program
The Interdisciplinary Major in Medieval and Early Modern Studies may be combined with a discipline in clause 4.a. to form a Joint Major.
Major programs available in the B.A. whose courses are offered by the Faculty of Science are: Computer Science, Pure Mathematics, Psychology, Statistics. A student completing one of these Major programs must complete an additional Major or Minor offered by the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Major programs available in the iBA whose courses are offered by the Faculty of Science are: Computer Science, Pure Mathematics, Psychology, Statistics. A student completing one of these Major programs must complete an additional Major program from a single discipline offered in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences: Anthropology, Archaeology, Classics, Economics, English, Folklore, French, Gender Studies, Geography, German, History, Linguistics, Modern Language Studies, Philosophy, Political Science, Religious Studies, Russian, Sociology, Spanish.
In departments such as Economics and Geography which offer both Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science programs, a student is free to choose either degree program. A student may not obtain both a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Science degree in the same Major subject.
A student who completes courses at another university in the area of a Major offered by the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences may be eligible to transfer some of those credits to fulfill requirements in the Major at Memorial University of Newfoundland. For further information refer to Limited Enrolment Courses and Transfer Credits, Requirement for Courses Delivered at Memorial University of Newfoundland.
6.1.3.2 Courses in the Major
A student must select courses for the Major program as set forth in the appropriate section of the Calendar.
A Major program requires not fewer than 36 and not more than 45 credit hours.
Normally, all courses in a Major use the label of that program. If prescribed in a Major program’s regulations, the Major may include courses from other disciplines in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, provided that the Calendar entry of each course emphasizes that discipline.
Due to its temporary nature, a special topics course using another program’s label shall not normally be included in a Major program.
As outlined in Limit on Certain Credit Hours, credit hours in a course cannot be used to fulfill the requirements of two Major programs, of both a Major and a Minor program, or the program requirements of all three of a Major, diploma and certificate.
A student may complete additional courses in the Major subject area, which may be used as Electives.

6.1.4 The Minor Program