bibrahim/unikserverless_jan16 huggingface dataset:
11.12.9.1 Admission Requirements
Admission is limited, competitive, and selective.
The primary criteria used in reaching decisions on applications for admission are motivation and overall academic performance. Students may be required to participate in an interview as part of the selection process.
Students must first be admitted to the Psychology (B.A. or B.Sc.) or Behavioural Neuroscience Major.
To be eligible for admission, students must have completed a minimum of 30 credit hours with an overall average of at least 65%, and an average of at least 65% in all Psychology courses. Students must have a passing grade in all required courses, and must have full-time status in the semester in which they apply.
Applications are accepted in the Fall semester only; students should consult the Department for the specific application deadline.

11.12.9.2 Program of Study
In addition to the requirements below students must fulfill all requirements for either a Major in Psychology (B.A.), a Major in Psychology (B.Sc.), Major in Behavioural Neuroscience, Honours in Psychology (B.A.), Honours in Psychology (B.Sc.), or Honours in Behavioural Neuroscience. Courses in each program are normally taken in blocks as shown in the appropriate program table. Students should consult with a faculty advisor each semester regarding course selection.
Students’ status in the program is assessed at the end of each semester. To remain in PCOP, students must receive a passing grade in all required courses, and must maintain an average of at least 65% in all Psychology courses and a cumulative average of at least 65%. A student who fails a required course, fails to maintain an average of 65% in Psychology courses, or fails to maintain a cumulative average of 65%, will be required to withdraw from PCOP. The student in question may apply for readmission in a subsequent year after passing the specified required course(s) previously failed, or re-establishing the required average.
Students are required to successfully complete three work terms.
11.12.9.3 Work Term Placement
General management of the PCOP is the responsibility of the designated Academic Staff Member in Co-operative Education (ASM-CE). ASMs-CE are responsible for facilitating the engagement of potential employers in the program, organizing competitions for Work Term employment, arranging job interviews, managing the co-operative education program database, developing employment opportunities and monitoring students during the work term. The ASMs-CE work with the Department to counsel students, visit students on their work assignments and evaluate the work term.
Students are ultimately responsible for securing their work term placements. ASMs-CE provide support for the job search and inform students of potential opportunities.
A student in the co-operative education program gives permission to the University to provide a copy of the applicant’s resume, university transcript and work term evaluations to potential employers.
A student who is enrolled in a co-operative education program may independently obtain a work term placement in consultation with the ASM-CE. Such employment positions must satisfy the criteria for work terms, be confirmed in writing by the employer and be approved by the ASM-CE before the first day of the work term according to the Co-operative Education website.
Work terms are normally 12 weeks in duration, full-time and paid. Remuneration for work placements is determined by employers based on their internal wage structures. The start and end dates for the work term are shown on the Co-operative Education website.
11.12.9.4 Registration and Evaluation of Performance
In Work Terms I, II, and III, students must register for Psychology 199W, 299W, and 399W respectively.
Student performance evaluations are to be completed by the employer in conjunction with the student and returned to the ASM-CE. The Work Term evaluations shall consist of at least two components:
On-the-job Student Performance: assessed by the ASM-CE using information gathered during the Work Term and input from the employer towards the end of the Work Term. Formal written documentation from the employer shall be sought. Evaluation of the job performance will result in one of the following classifications: OUTSTANDING, EXCEEDS EXPECTATIONS, SATISFACTORY, OR FAIL
Work Term Assignment(s)
Students are required to submit Work Term assignments as outlined in the course syllabus.
Work Term assignments are evaluated by the ASM-CE.
Evaluation of the work term assignment(s) will result in one of the following classifications: OUTSTANDING, EXCEEDS EXPECTATIONS, SATISFACTORY, OR FAIL.
The evaluation of the job performance and the work term assignments are recorded separately on the transcript. Overall evaluation of the work term will result in one of the following final grades being awarded:
Pass with Distinction: Indicates OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE in both the work term assignment(s) and the job performance.
Pass: Indicates that PERFORMANCE MEETS EXPECTATIONS in both the work term assignment(s) and the job performance.
Fail: Indicates FAILING PERFORMANCE in the work term assignment(s) or the job performance, or both.
To remain in PCOP, a student must obtain a final grade of PAS.
If a student fails to achieve the Work Term standards specified above, the student will be required to withdraw from PCOP. Such a student may reapply to the program, at which time the student will be required to repeat the Work Term with satisfactory performance. Only one Work Term may be repeated in the entire program.
In order to be considered for readmission, students must formally apply for readmission to the program not later than the deadline date specified in Admission Requirements.
A student who withdraws from a Work Term without acceptable cause subsequent to a job placement will be required to withdraw permanently from PCOP.
Students who drop a Work Term without prior approval from both ASM-CE and the Head of the Department of Psychology, or who fail to honour an agreement to work with an employer, or conduct themselves in such a manner as to cause their discharge from the job, will be awarded an overall grade of FAL for the Work Term in question and will be required to withdraw permanently from PCOP.
Permission to drop a Work Term does not constitute a waiver of degree requirements, and students who have obtained such permission must successfully complete an approved Work Term in lieu of the one dropped.
11.12.10 Suggested Course Sequences
The tables below show suggested course sequences for the B.A. in Psychology (Co-operative), the B.Sc. in Psychology (Co-operative), the B.A. Honours in Psychology (Co-operative), the B.Sc. Honours in Psychology (Co-operative), the B.Sc. in Behavioural Neuroscience (Co-operative), and the B.Sc. Honours in Behavioural Neuroscience (Co-operative).
Course patterns may vary. Students are encouraged to meet with the undergraduate coordinator early in their program in order to establish a course pattern that meets the requirements as set out in these regulations.
**Suggested Course Sequence for B.A. in Psychology (Co-operative)**

- **Fall - Semester 1**
  1. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Mathematics 1000 or one of Mathematics 1090, 1050, 1051
  5. Psychology 1000

- **Winter - Semester 2**
  1. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. One of Mathematics 1000, 1090, 1050, or 1051 (Note: Psychology Majors are required to successfully complete Mathematics 1000 or two of 1090, 1050, 1051, or equivalent. An Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement can be taken if Mathematics 1000 was taken in Semester 1.)
  5. Psychology 1001

- **Fall - Semester 3**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 2520 or 2930
  5. Psychology 2910

- **Winter - Semester 4**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 2911
  5. Psychology 2930 or 2520

- **Spring - Work Term 1**
  1. Psychology 199W

- **Fall - Semester 5**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3000-Level Core

- **Winter - Semester 6**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3000-Level Core

- **Spring - Work Term 2**
  1. Psychology 299W
- **Winter - Semester 6**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3000-Level Core

- **Spring - Work Term 2**
  1. Psychology 299W

- **Fall - Semester 7**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 4000-Level
  5. Psychology Selected Topics course

- **Winter - Work Term 3**
  1. Psychology 399W

- **Fall - Semester 8**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 4000-Level
  5. Psychology Research Experience course

**Suggested Course Sequence for B.Sc. in Psychology (Co-operative)**

- **Fall - Semester 1**
  1. Biology 1001
  2. Chemistry 1010 (or 1050) or Physics 1020 (or 1050) (Note: Students registered in Physics 1050 must also be registered in Mathematics 1000, not 1090)
  3. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  4. Mathematics 1090 or 1000
  5. Psychology 1000

- **Winter - Semester 2**
  1. Biology 1002
  2. The former Chemistry 1011 (or 1051) or Physics 1021 (or 1051)
  3. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  4. Mathematics 1000 or Elective or Science requirement
  5. Psychology 1001

- **Fall - Semester 3**
  1. Biology, Chemistry, or Physics Lab Course
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 2520 or 2930
  5. Psychology 2910

- **Winter - Semester 4**
  1. Biology, Chemistry, or Physics Lab Course
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 2911
  5. Psychology 2930 or 2520

- **Spring - Work Term 1**
  1. Psychology 199W

- **Fall - Semester 5**
  1. Elective or Science requirement
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3000-Level Core

- **Winter - Semester 6**
  1. Elective or Science requirement
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3000-Level Core
- **Winter - Semester 6**
  1. Elective or Science requirement
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3000-Level Core

- **Spring - Work Term 2**
  1. Psychology 299W

- **Fall - Semester 7**
  1. Elective or Science requirement
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 4000-Level
  5. Psychology Selected Topics

- **Winter - Work Term 3**
  1. Psychology 399W

- **Fall - Semester 8**
  1. Elective or Science requirement
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 4000-Level
  5. Psychology Research Experience

**Suggested Course Sequence for B.A. (Honours) in Psychology (Co-operative)**

- **Fall - Semester 1**
  1. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  2. B.A. Language Study requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Mathematics 1000 or one of Mathematics 1090, 1050, 1051
  5. Psychology 1000

- **Winter - Semester 2**
  1. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  2. B.A. Language Study requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. One of Mathematics 1000, 1090, 1050, or 1051 (Note: Psychology Majors are required to successfully complete Mathematics 1000 or two of 1090, 1050, 1051, or equivalent. An Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement can be taken if Mathematics 1000 was taken in Semester 1.)
  5. Psychology 1001

- **Fall - Semester 3**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 2520 or 2930
  5. Psychology 2910

- **Winter - Semester 4**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  4. Psychology 2911
  5. Psychology 2930 or 2520

- **Spring - Work Term 1**
  1. Psychology 199W

- **Fall - Semester 5**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  3. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3900
- **Spring - Work Term 1**
  1. Psychology 199W

- **Fall - Semester 5**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  3. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3900

- **Winter - Semester 6**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  4. Psychology Research Experience course
  5. Psychology 4910

- **Spring - Work Term 2**
  1. Psychology 299W

- **Fall - Semester 7**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  3. Psychology 4000-Level Core
  4. Psychology Selected Topics course
  5. Psychology 499A

- **Winter - Work Term 3**
  1. Psychology 399W

- **Spring (Optional)**
  1. Psychology 499A or 499B

- **Fall - Semester 8**
  1. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  2. Elective or Humanities and Social Sciences requirement
  3. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  4. Psychology 4000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 499B

**Suggested Course Sequence for B.Sc. in Behavioural Neuroscience (Co-operative)**

- **Fall - Semester 1**
  1. Biology 1001 or Physics 1020 (or 1050) (Note: Students registered in Physics 1050 must also be registered in Mathematics 1000, not 1090)
  2. Chemistry 1050 (or 1200)
  3. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  4. Mathematics 1090 or Mathematics 1000
  5. Psychology 1000

- **Winter - Semester 2**
  1. Biology 1002 or Physics 1021 (or 1051)
  2. Chemistry 1051 (or 1001)
  3. Critical Reading and Writing requirement
  4. Mathematics 1000 or Mathematics 1001
  5. Psychology 1001

- **Fall - Semester 3**
  1. BHNR Requirement 1 (specified in clause 3, Requirements for a Major in Behavioural Neuroscience (B.Sc. Only))
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Physics 1020 (or 1050) or Biology 1001 (Note: Students registered in Physics 1050 must also be registered in Mathematics 1000, not 1090)
  4. Psychology 2521 or 2930
  5. Psychology 2910
- **Winter - Semester 4**
  1. BHNR Requirement 2 (specified in clause 3, Requirements for a Major in Behavioural Neuroscience (B.Sc. Only))
  2. Physics 1021 (or 1051) or Biology 1002
  3. Mathematics 1001 or Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 2911
  5. Psychology 2930 or 2521

- **Spring - Work Term 1**
  1. Psychology 199W

- **Fall - Semester 5**
  1. BHNR Requirement 3 (specified in clause 3, Requirements for a Major in Behavioural Neuroscience (B.Sc. Only))
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 3810, 3830, 3840, or 3860
  5. Psychology 3800

- **Winter - Semester 6**
  1. BHNR Requirement 4 (specified in clause 3, Requirements for a Major in Behavioural Neuroscience (B.Sc. Only))
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Psychology 3000-Level Core
  5. Psychology 3820

- **Spring - Work Term 2**
  1. Psychology 299W

- **Fall - Semester 7**
  1. BHNR Requirement 5 (specified in clause 3, Requirements for a Major in Behavioural Neuroscience (B.Sc. Only))
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Elective or Science requirement
  5. Psychology Research Experience course

- **Winter - Work Term 3**
  1. Psychology 399W

- **Fall - Semester 8**
  1. BHNR Requirement 6 (specified in clause 3, Requirements for a Major in Behavioural Neuroscience (B.Sc. Only))
  2. Elective or Science requirement
  3. Elective or Science requirement
  4. Elective or Science requirement
  5. Psychology Selected Topics course
Earth Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland

The following undergraduate programs are available:
120 credit hour programs
Chemistry and Earth Sciences Joint Honours

Earth Sciences and Geography Joint Honours

Earth Sciences and Physics Joint Honours

Earth Sciences and Physics Joint Major

General or Honours degrees in Earth Sciences

Geophysics and Physical Oceanography Joint Honours

135 credit hour program
Biology and Earth Sciences Joint Honours

24 credit hour program
Minor in Earth Sciences

Undergraduate Handbook in Earth Sciences
- Resource: The Department of Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook provides detailed information about the undergraduate program, individual courses, and suggested timetables. It is available at www.mun.ca/earthsciences.

Entrance Requirements for Major Programs in Earth Sciences
- First-Year Course Requirements: 
  - 3 credit hours in each: English, Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Chemistry, and Physics
  - Courses must be selected from the list required for degree programs in Earth Sciences
- Advice for Students: Declare major in the first year of study
- Note: Most 2000 level Earth Sciences courses have Physics and Chemistry prerequisites, recommended to be completed in the first year. Entry to 3000 level Earth Sciences courses requires completion of all 1000-level courses in the Common Block of Required Courses.

 11.5.3 Minor in Earth Sciences
- Requirements:
  - Earth Sciences 1000 and 1002
  - Eighteen credit hours from Earth Sciences courses at 2000 level or higher, with at least 5 credit hours from 2000 level courses
  - Excluded courses: Earth Sciences 2150, 2311, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 4310, 4950
- Note: Prerequisite structure and course availability at the 3000 level or higher depend on courses taken at the 2000 level.

 11.5.4 Major Programs in Earth Sciences
- Common Block of Required Courses:
  - Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses
  - Mathematics 1000 and 1001
  - Earth Sciences 1000 and 1002
  - Chemistry 1050 and 1051 or Chemistry 1200 and 1001
  - Physics 1050 and 1051 or Physics 1020 and 1021
  - Earth Sciences 2030, 2031, 2401, 2502, 2702, 2905, 3420, 3905
  - Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2550
  - Either Biology 2120 (or Biology 1001 and 1002); or both Physics 2055 and Physics 2820
11.5.5 Honours B.Sc. Degree in Earth Sciences
- Additional Requirements for Honours B.Sc.:
  - Earth Sciences 499A and 499B
  - At least 27 additional credit hours from Earth Sciences courses at 3000 and/or 4000 levels, with a minimum of 12 credit hours at the 4000 level
  - Six credit hours from Science Faculty courses numbered 2000 or higher
  - Additional credit hours to achieve a total of 120 credit hours
  - Three credit hours from Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Statistics, Physics (or Mathematics if Mathematics 2000 not taken)

 11.5.6 General B.Sc. Degree in Earth Sciences
- Requirements for General B.Sc.:
- Eighteen additional credit hours from Earth Sciences courses at 3000 and/or 4000 levels, with a minimum of 9 credit hours at the 4000 level
  - Six credit hours from Science Faculty courses numbered 2000 or higher
  - Additional credit hours to achieve a total of 120 credit hours

 11.5.7 Credit Restrictions for Present Earth Sciences (EASC) Courses with Former Courses
- Course Equivalents:
  - EASC 1000 equivalent to EASC 1010, Geology 1000, Geology 1010
  - EASC 1001 equivalent to EASC 1011, Geology 1001, Geology 1011
  - EASC 2030 equivalent to EASC 203A, Geology 203A
  - EASC 2031 equivalent to EASC 203B, Geology 203B
  - EASC 2150 equivalent to Physics 2150
  - [Further equivalents listed for various EASC courses]

- Notes:
  - Close contact with the Department is advised for proper course sequencing.
  - Specific EASC courses are suitable for students not majoring in Earth Sciences.
  - Most courses include six hours of instruction per week (lectures and laboratory).
  - Field courses require a participation fee and may be competitive.
  - Prerequisites for certain courses must be considered.
  - Some 4000 level courses may not be offered every year.
  - A maximum of 6 credit hours at the 1000-level can be used towards Earth Sciences requirements for Major, Minor, Joint Major, Honours, or Joint Honours programs.

Certainly! Let's format the course information for the Earth Sciences courses (EASC), keeping in mind that the first digit of the course number indicates the year level and the second digit categorizes the course areas

### First Year Courses

**EASC 1000 Earth Systems**  
**Course Information**: Surveys Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Topics include planetary materials' properties, Earth system drivers, and biological impacts, including human influence.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Science 1807 and Science 1808

**EASC 1001 Evolution of Earth Systems**  
- Inactive course.
### First Year Courses

**EASC 1000 Earth Systems**  
**Course Information**: Surveys Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Topics include planetary materials' properties, Earth system drivers, and biological impacts, including human influence.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Science 1807 and Science 1808

**EASC 1001 Evolution of Earth Systems**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 1002 Concepts and Methods in Earth Sciences**  
**Course Information**: Introduction to geological record development, field data collection, map interpretation, stratigraphy, paleontology, structure, petrology, and geophysics. Emphasizes practical skills for Earth Sciences careers.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 1000; Science 1807 and Science 1808

---

### Second Year Courses

**EASC 2030 Mineralogy**  
**Course Information**: Introduces crystallography, mineral structures, crystal optics, rock-forming minerals, and economically significant minerals. Laboratory work includes mineral structures and symmetries study, rock-forming minerals chemistry, and transmitted light microscopy.  
**CO**: EASC 2502  
**CR**: Former EASC 203A/B  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 1000 and 1002 (at least 55% in each), Chemistry 1051 (or 1001), Physics 1051 (or 1021 or 1054), Mathematics 1000

**EASC 2031 Mineralogy and Petrography**  
**Course Information**: Focuses on rock-forming minerals' optical and chemical properties, igneous and metamorphic rocks petrography and classification, and minerals phase equilibria study. Laboratory includes optical mineralogy and petrography.  
**CO**: Mathematics 1001  
**CR**: Former EASC 203A/B  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2030, 2502, Mathematics 1001

**EASC 2100 Subsurface Geoscience for Environmental and Humanitarian Challenges**  
**Course Information**: Introduces subsurface methods for environmental and humanitarian applications like green economy sourcing, carbon storage, and water monitoring. Covers seismic, gravity, magnetics, and radar methods.  
**PR**: EASC 1000 (at least 55%)

**EASC 2150 The Solar System**  
**Course Information**: Describes Solar System astronomy, planetary observations, and the origin and evolution of the Solar System. Covers Sun, Moon, planets, comets, asteroids, and meteorites study.  
**UL**: Not acceptable for Minor, Major, or Honours in Earth Sciences

**EASC 2311 Geoscience Communication**  
**Course Information**: Introduction to writing and oral reporting in geosciences, focusing on organization, terminology, concise description, data integration, and presentation skills. Report topics from 2000 level Earth Sciences.  
**LC**: 2  
**OR**: Tutorials three hours per week  
**PR**: Earth Sciences 2905 and 6 credit hours in English
**EASC 2311 Geoscience Communication**  
**Course Information**: Introduction to writing and oral reporting in geosciences, focusing on organization, terminology, concise description, data integration, and presentation skills. Report topics from 2000 level Earth Sciences.  
**LC**: 2  
**OR**: Tutorials three hours per week  
**PR**: Earth Sciences 2905 and 6 credit hours in English

**EASC 2401 Structural Geology**  
**Course Information**: Introduces basic concepts of rock deformation physics, major and minor structures classification, and their relation to stress and strain. Laboratory focuses on structural orientation data and geological maps analysis.  
**CR**: Former Geology 3120, EASC 3120, EASC 3400  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2905 or permission for Earth Sciences minors

**EASC 2502 Introduction to Geochemistry**  
**Course Information**: Overview of low- and high-temperature geochemistry. Topics include element origin and classification, solar system and Earth chemical differentiation, aqueous geochemistry, radiogenic and stable isotopes. Laboratory emphasizes numerical skills.  
**CO**: Mathematics 1001  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 1000 and 1002 (at least 55% in each), Chemistry 1051 (or 1001); Science 1807 and 1808

**EASC 2702 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy**  
**Course Information**: Studies sediment origin and composition, depositional processes, and sedimentary structures. Explores deposition environments and stratigraphic framework. Laboratories involve field trips and rock sample analysis.  
**CO**: EASC 2030  
**CR**: Former Geology 3070, EASC 3070, EASC 3701  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 1000 and 1002 (at least 55% in each

)

**EASC 2905 Introduction to Geological Mapping**  
**Course Information**: Based on mapping in Precambrian rocks near St. John's, focusing on rock recognition, geological mapping techniques, and field note-taking. Includes digital map and report preparation.  
**AR**: Attendance required  
**CH**: 2  
**CR**: Former EASC 2310, EASC 2300  
**OR**: Field-based course  
**PR**: EASC 1000 and 1002 (at least 55% in each), application to Department Head

**EASC 2914 The Earth's Energy Resources: Past, Present and Future**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 2915 The Earth's Material Resources: Past, Present and Future**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 2916 Natural Hazards on a Dynamic Earth**  
**Course Information**: Explores geological processes and risks related to earthquakes, volcanic activity, mass movements, water resources, land use, and waste disposal. Provides context for climate change interpretation.  
**CR**: Environmental Science 2360  
**UL**: Not acceptable for Minor, Major, or Honours in Earth Sciences
**EASC 2916 Natural Hazards on a Dynamic Earth**  
**Course Information**: Explores geological processes and risks related to earthquakes, volcanic activity, mass movements, water resources, land use, and waste disposal. Provides context for climate change interpretation.  
**CR**: Environmental Science 2360  
**UL**: Not acceptable for Minor, Major, or Honours in Earth Sciences

**EASC 2917 Gems: The Science and Politics**  
**Course Information**: Introduces precious and semi-precious stones, covering their nature, origin, geography, socio-political issues of mining, trade, and cartels. Discusses properties conferring value, enhancement techniques, and fraud detection.  
**UL**: Not acceptable for Minor, Major, or Honours in Earth Sciences

**EASC 2918 Earth's Story**  
**Course Information**: Overview of Earth's dynamic past including supercontinent events, flooding, climate changes, magnetic field reversals, and continental drift. Ties evolution of life to geological history, focusing on Canadian geology.  
**UL**: Not acceptable for Minor, Major, or Honours in Earth Sciences

**EASC 2919 Introduction to Marine Geology**  
**Course Information**: Studies ocean formation and evolution, including plate tectonics, ocean ridges, subduction zones, sedimentary environments, and ocean-lithosphere interactions. Covers anoxic events, tides, and climate modulation.  
**EQ**: Ocean Sciences 2200  
**PR**: EASC 1000 (at least 55%)

Continuing with the formatting of the Earth Sciences courses for the third and fourth years:

---

### Third Year Courses

**EASC 3030 Mineralogy and Materials Science**  
**Course Information**: Reviews elementary crystallography, crystal structures, and properties of various solids. Covers crystal growth, zoning, diffusion, and phase changes. Laboratory work emphasizes practical skills in studying solids.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031 or instructor's permission

**EASC 3054 High-Temperature Geochemistry and Igneous Petrology**  
**Course Information**: Integrated course on geochemistry, origin, and classification of igneous rocks. Topics include trace element geochemistry, magmas' physical properties, and petrology of specific tectonic settings. Laboratories focus on geochemical calculations and rock examination.  
**CR**: Former EASC 3053 in combination with 2503  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031 and 2502

**EASC 3055 Thermodynamics and Metamorphic Petrology**  
**Course Information**: Integrated course on geochemistry, origin, and classification of metamorphic rocks. Covers thermodynamics, kinetics, metamorphic facies, and rock assemblages. Laboratories include thermodynamic problems and rock studies.  
**CR**: Former EASC 3053 in combination with 2503  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031 and 2502, Mathematics 1001
**EASC 3170 Geophysics for Natural Resource Exploration**  
**Course Information**: Introduction to geophysical methods for subsurface investigation, focusing on resource exploration and development. Laboratory component involves data collection, analysis, and interpretation using modern software.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Physics 1051 (or 1021); Mathematics 1001; Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2550

**EASC 3172 Environmental and Geotechnical Geophysics**  
**Course Information**: Introduces geophysical methods for shallow Earth investigation, with applications to environmental issues. Laboratory involves outdoor surveys and data analysis using modern software. Focus on electrical and electromagnetic methods.  
**AR**: Required attendance in the lab  
**CO**: EASC 2905 or instructor's permission for non-majors  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Physics 1051 (or 1021); Mathematics 1001; Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2550; EASC 2905 or instructor's permission; Science 1807 and 1808

**EASC 3179 Mathematical Methods for Geophysics**  
**Course Information**: Covers quantitative analysis of geophysical phenomena, including vector calculus, differential equations, tensor algebra, and Fourier analysis. Applications include elasticity theory and electromagnetism.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Mathematics 2000, Physics 2055 and 2820

**EASC 3210 Economic Mineral Deposits**  
**Course Information**: Introduction to mineral deposits study, focusing on genetic models for metallic mineral deposits and their relation to lithosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions. Laboratory exercises involve sample examination and reflected light microscopy.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031, 2502, and 2905

**EASC 3420 Global Tectonic Processes**  
**Course Information**: Examines Earth's surface motions in the context of plate tectonics and their influence on the rock record. Laboratories emphasize geologic and geophysical applications of tectonic theories.  
**CR**: Former EASC 2070, 2161, 2400, 4901  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031, 2401, 2502, 2702; Mathematics 1000 and 1001; Physics 1021 or 1051

**EASC 3600 Environmental Geology**  
**Course Information**: Applies geochemical principles to evaluate natural and human-induced changes in Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Laboratory focuses on the effects of contaminants on global change.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2502; Science 1807 and 1808

**EASC 3610 Hydrogeology**  
**Course Information**: Explores groundwater occurrence and geology relationship. Covers groundwater flow systems, interactions, field and lab techniques, and water quality changes due to contaminant transport.  
**CR**: Environmental Science 4479  
**EQ**: Former EASC 4610  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Physics 1051 (or 1021); Mathematics 2000 or Statistics 2550 or the former Statistics 2510; EASC 2502
**EASC 3611 Engineering Geology**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 3700

 Geomorphology**  
**Course Information**: Studies geomorphic processes and landforms. Practical work involves field data and sample collection and analytical laboratory techniques.  
**EQ**: Geography 3150  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2905 or Geography 2102; Mathematics 1000

**EASC 3702 Lithification, Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rock Properties**  
**Course Information**: Conceptual and practical overview of sediments transformation into sedimentary rocks and resultant modifications in composition, fabrics, and porous media characteristics. Laboratories include petrology and geological analysis.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031, 2702, and 2905

**EASC 3705 Field Course in Sedimentology, Reservoir Architecture and Sequence Stratigraphy**  
**Course Information**: Field and lecture course focusing on sedimentological and palaeontological data for palaeoenvironmental analysis. Demonstrates sedimentary facies models and sequence stratigraphy in reservoir geology.  
**CO**: EASC 3811, 3905  
**CR**: Former EASC 4700 or Geology 4700  
**OR**: Field-based course  
**PR**: EASC 2702, 3811, 3905

**EASC 3811 Paleontology**  
**Course Information**: Outlines life form changes from Archean to present, including invertebrate and vertebrate faunas and major floral groups. Covers mechanisms and effects of evolution and extinction in the fossil record.  
**EQ**: Biology 3811  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: Either Biology 2120 (or Biology 1001 and 1002) and EASC 1002; or Biology 2122 and 2210

**EASC 3905 Field Methods in Structural Geology and Stratigraphy**  
**Course Information**: Geological mapping course in Precambrian rocks focusing on structural analysis techniques. Evening sessions dedicated to data analysis, structural maps, and sections creation.  
**AR**: Required attendance  
**CH**: 1  
**OR**: Field-based course  
**PR**: EASC 2401 and 2905; application to Department Head

---

### Fourth Year Courses

**EASC 4053 Petrogenesis of Igneous Rocks**  
**Course Information**: Investigates igneous rocks' origin, including experimental petrology, phase equilibria, and geochemical tools application. Studies volcaniclastic rocks and physical volcanology. Laboratory emphasizes practical igneous petrology aspects.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3054 and 3420

**EASC 4054 Metamorphic Petrology**  
**Course Information**: Examines metamorphism-tectonics relationships, thermodynamics, thermobarometry, and P-T-t paths determination. Laboratories involve electron microprobe data collection and metamorphic petrology software application.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2401, 3055, and 3420
**EASC 4054 Metamorphic Petrology**  
**Course Information**: Examines metamorphism-tectonics relationships, thermodynamics, thermobarometry, and P-T-t paths determination. Laboratories involve electron microprobe data collection and metamorphic petrology software application.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2401, 3055, and 3420

**EASC 4105 Field Course in Applied Geophysics**  
**Course Information**: Field course emphasizing environmental and mineral exploration applications. Includes data collection and interpretation modules using techniques like radar, seismic, magnetic, and electromagnetic methods.  
**AR**: Required attendance  
**OR**: Field-based course  
**PR**: EASC 3170, 3172, and Mathematics 2000

**EASC 4171 Seismic Methods**  
**Course Information**: Explores seismic data acquisition, processing, and interpretation techniques. Covers elastic properties of rocks and subsurface imaging techniques. Laboratory provides hands-on data processing and interpretation experience.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3170 and 4179

**EASC 4173 Advanced Electrical, Electromagnetic and Potential Fields Methods**  
**Course Information**: Examines theory and application of electrical, electromagnetic, and potential fields methods in geophysics. Laboratories apply computer modeling and interpretation to real-life examples.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 4179; non-majors with Mathematics 3202 may enroll with instructor's permission

**EASC 4179 Signal Processing in Geophysics**  
**Course Information**: Introduction to digital signal processing theory and techniques in geophysics. Topics include sampling, Fourier transformation, digital filters, deconvolution, and spectral analysis. Laboratory component included.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3170, 3172, 3179, and Physics 2820; non-majors may substitute some courses
**EASC 4211 Economic Geology**  
**Course Information**: Detailed study of mineral deposit study methodologies and techniques with case history applications. Laboratory exercises involve problem-solving using data from case studies.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3054 or 3055; and 3210

**EASC 4302 Advanced Marine Geology**  
**Course Information**: Examines the geology and geophysics of ocean basins, exploring methods of oceanic exploration and the history and development of ocean basins. Discusses interrelationships between ocean water, organisms, and geological processes.  
**PR**: EASC 1001 or 1002; completion of 15 credit hours in core courses at the 3000/4000 levels in related sciences.

**EASC 4310 Earth Science Concepts, Materials and Techniques for Archaeologists**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 4400 Advanced Techniques in Structural Geology**  
**Course Information**: Focuses on modern structural analysis techniques for fold and fault systems. Topics include progressive deformation, strain analysis, fold mechanisms, and construction of balanced cross-sections.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2401 and 3905; minimum of 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000 level
**EASC 4400 Advanced Techniques in Structural Geology**  
**Course Information**: Focuses on modern structural analysis techniques for fold and fault systems. Topics include progressive deformation, strain analysis, fold mechanisms, and construction of balanced cross-sections.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2401 and 3905; minimum of 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000 level

**EASC 4405 Field Course on the Geology of Newfoundland**  
**Course Information**: Field-based course with classroom lectures and seminars, including a week-long field trip in Newfoundland. Introduces geological history and tectonic development of Newfoundland.  
**OR**: Lecture and field-based course  
**PR**: 15 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000/4000 levels including EASC 3420; instructor's permission

**EASC 4420 Tectonics and Crustal Evolution**  
**Course Information**: Lecture and seminar course covering Earth's tectonic evolution from the Archean to Mesozoic, with examples from North America. Links concepts from various Earth Science disciplines.  
**CR**: Former EASC 4901  
**OR**: Seminar  
**PR**: EASC 3420

**EASC 4502 Advanced Geochemistry**  
**Course Information**: Focuses on trace, radiogenic, and stable isotope geochemistry applications to understand Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere. Assignments reflect career interests in geochemistry.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031, 2502; minimum of 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences at the 3000 level

**EASC 4503 Mineral Exploration Geochemistry**  
**Course Information**: Examines geochemistry application in mineral exploration. Covers lithogeochemical characteristics, sampling principles, statistical analysis, and survey design. Emphasizes case studies relevant to Newfoundland and Labrador.  
**LH**: 3  
**OR**: Seminar  
**PR**: EASC 3210

**EASC 4601 Petroleum Origin and Occurrence**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 4605 Environmental Geoscience Field School**  
**Course Information**: Field-based course investigating anthropogenic impacts on the environment using geochemical, hydrological, and microbial methods. Emphasizes site investigation and analytical techniques.  
**AR**: Required attendance  
**OR**: Field-based course  
**PR**: EASC 2502, 3600; Mathematics 1001; one of Mathematics 2000, Statistics 2550, or former Statistics 2510

**EASC 4620 Groundwater Modelling**  
**Course Information**: Examines groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes from a numerical modelling perspective. Focuses on methods for numerical modelling with hands-on experience using software packages.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3610 (or former 4610) or Environmental Science 4479; or instructor's permission
**EASC 4620 Groundwater Modelling**  
**Course Information**: Examines groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes from a numerical modelling perspective. Focuses on methods for numerical modelling with hands-on experience using software packages.  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3610 (or former 4610) or Environmental Science 4479; or instructor's permission

**EASC 4702 Sedimentary Basins and Hydrocarbon Exploration**  
**Course Information**: Reviews sedimentary basin types and petroleum systems. Explores petroleum generation, migration, accumulation, and regional-scale stratigraphic and structural concepts. Laboratories include data analysis and exploration techniques.  
**CR**: EASC 4601  
**EQ**: Former EASC 4602  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2401, 2702, 3170, and 3420

**EASC 4703 Environmental Change and Quaternary Geography**  
**Course Information**: Covers methods for reconstructing Quaternary environments and their effects on landforms, particularly in North America. Discusses glacial and non-glacial climates.  
**EQ**: Archaeology 4150, Geography 4150  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: 6 credit hours in Earth Sciences or Physical Geography at the 3000-level; or instructor's permission

**EASC 4704 Reservoir Characterization**  
**Course Information**: Reviews sedimentary, stratigraphic, and structural settings of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Explores geological controls on reservoir quality and methods to evaluate key properties for hydrocarbon development.  
**CR**: EASC 4601  
**EQ**: Former EASC 4603  
**LH**: 3  

**PR**: EASC 2401, 2702, 3170, and 3702

**EASC 4720 Carbonate Depositional Environments and Diagenesis**  
**Course Information**: Examines carbonate environments, facies models, diagenetic controls on rock properties, and chemostratigraphy application. Laboratories apply various methods to investigate carbonates from different settings.  
**CO**: EASC 3811  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 2031, 2702, and 3811

**EASC 4800 Advanced Paleontology**  
**Course Information**: Field, lecture, laboratory, and seminar course on general and applied paleontology. Covers evolution, extinction, paleoecology, and applications in various industries. Laboratories and seminars included.  
**EQ**: Biology 4800  
**LH**: 3  
**PR**: EASC 3811; Statistics 2550 or courses listed in credit restrictions of Statistics 2550 or Mathematics 2000

**EASC 4902 Early Evolution of the Earth**  
- Inactive course.
**EASC 4902 Early Evolution of the Earth**  
- Inactive course.

**EASC 4903 Global Change**  
**Course Information**: Lecture and seminar course studying the interaction of the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Topics include biosphere evolution, global geochemical budget, and environmental changes.  
**OR**: Seminar  
**PR**: EASC 1001 or 1002; Biology 2120 (or Biology 1001 and 1002); completion of 15 credit hours in core courses at 3000/4000 levels in related sciences; or instructor's permission

**EASC 4905 Field Course in Geological Mapping and Regional Tectonics**  
**Course Information**: Two-week field school on Appalachian geology of western and central Newfoundland. Focuses on mapping techniques and tectonic introduction. Reports submitted for grading in the fall semester.  
**OR**: Field-based course  
**PR**: EASC 2401, 3055, 3420, and 3905; Department Head's permission

**EASC 4912 Planetary Geology**  
**Course Information**: Classroom- and laboratory-based course on the geology of the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and outer solar system satellites. Covers meteorites, impact cratering, and planetary exploration instrumentation.  
**PR**: EASC 2031, 2702, 2905, and 3420

**EASC 4910-4920 (Excluding 4912) Special Topics in Earth Sciences**  
**Course Information**: Lecture and seminar courses on specialized Earth Sciences topics. The Department considers student suggestions but requires approval at least three months before the semester start.  
**PR**: Department Head's permission

**EASC 4950 Technical Report on Geoscience Employment**  
**Course Information**: Requires a technical report based on a study during geoscience employment. Involves seminars, organization and writing guidance, and directed reading.  
**PR**: 9 credit hours in Earth Sciences at 3000 level; Department Head's permission  
**UL**: Can only be used as an "additional course" for General and Honours degrees. Cannot be based on the same study as EASC 499A/B.

**EASC 499A and 499B Dissertation**  
**Course Information**: Independent study with subject consultation with Faculty Advisors. Involves background reading, field/laboratory work, dissertation outline, and formal thesis.  
**CH**: 6  
**PR**: Admission to the Honours program  
**UL**: Cannot be based on the same study as EASC 4950. May be used as Science credits by non-Honours students with Department Head's permission.
10.1 Joint Majors
10.1.1 Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Joint Major
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the General Degree of Bachelor of Science, the following courses are required:
Computer Science 1001, 1003, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, plus 18 further credit hours in Computer Science courses numbered 3000 or higher.
Mathematics 1000, 1001, 2000, 2050, 2051, 2130, 2260, 2320, 3000, 3100, 3132, 3161, 3202, 4160, and 4190.
In addition, Statistics 2550 is highly recommended.

10.1.2 Applied Mathematics and Economics Joint Major
As a component of the Degree Regulations for the General Degree of Bachelor of Science, the following courses are required:
Mathematics 1000, 1001, 2000, 2050, 2051, 2130, 2260, 2320, 3000, 3100, 3202, Statistics 2550.
Either Mathematics 3132 and 4131 or 3161 and 4160.
A computing course early in the program is required. Computer Science 1510 is highly recommended.
Economics: 1010 (or the former 2010), 1020 (or the former 2020), 2550, 3000, 3001, 3010, 4550, 4551.
Eighteen further credit hours chosen from among the various Economics courses in consultation with the Head of the Department or delegate, including at least 9 credit hours at the 4000 level.