bibrahim/traindata huggingface dataset:
Minor
Students may complete a Minor in Geography as part of either a BA or BSc. BSc students do not have to complete a minor.
The Minor in Geography can be combined with a Major in all kinds of disciplines. Students registered in the Minor in Geography have chosen to complete their Major in disciplines such as earth sciences, English, mathematics, biology, anthropology, history, French, or computer sciences.
Program requirements
For students commencing a Minor in Geography, 24 credit hours in Geography courses are required, including:

1050: Geographies of Global Change
2001: Cultural Geography
2102: Physical Geography
2195: Introduction to Geographic Information Sciences
2302: Issues in Economic Geography
2425: Natural Resources
Six additional credit hours taken from 2 Geography courses at the 3000- or 4000-level.
Honours
Students graduating with the Honours degree in Geography will have met the challenge of undertaking a supervised research project and presenting the results in a dissertation. For many students, this experience is a critical one in determining their career. It is a good way, within a reasonable time frame, to strengthen a chosen specialization.

The Honours degree is highly valued at Memorial and in other universities; it is often an important asset for students who apply for external research funding and graduate programs, or for employment.

Program requirements
1. Students intending to take an Honours degree in Geography must apply for entry to the Honours program though the Office of the Registrar.

2. Students accepted in the Honours program must:
Comply with the General Regulations for the Honours degree of BA and BSc as appropriate.
Arrange their program in consultation with the Undergaduate Program Co-Ordinator.
3. A candidate for the Honours degree is required to complete at least 60 credit hours in courses in Geography, including:
Forty-five credit hours in courses as listed under Major in Geography;
Geography 3230, 490A/B, and 4999;
Six additional credit hours at the 4000-level.
Academic standing: BA Honours
In order to graduate with a BA Honours, a candidate shall obtain: A grade of 70% or better, OR and average of 75% or higher in the minimum number of courses (including the required courses) in the Hounours subject(s) prescribed by the Department [or, in the case of Joint Honours, Departments] concerned, excluding 1000-level courses. A grade of 70% or better must be obtained in the Honours dissertation.

AND

An average of at least 2.75 points on the total number of credit hours in the courses required for the degree.

Academic standing: BSc Honours
Academic standing: BSc Honours

In order to graduate with a BSc Honours, a candidate shall obtain a grade of "B" or better, OR an average of 75% or higher (whichever is to the candidate's advantage) in the minimum number of courses in the Honours subject (or subjects) prescribed by the Department (or, in the case of Joint Honours, Departments) concerned, excluding 1000-level courses.

AND

An average of at least 2.75 points on the total number of credit hours in the courses required for the degree.
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16.11 Geography
In accordance with Senate's Policy Regarding Inactive Courses, the course descriptions for courses which have not been offered in the previous three academic years and which are not scheduled to be offered in the current academic year have been removed from the following listing. For information about any of these inactive courses, please contact the Head of the Department.
It is strongly recommended that all 2000-level core courses be successfully completed before registration in 3000-level courses. All 2000-level core courses must normally be successfully completed prior to registration in a 4000-level course.
Specific prerequisites for courses may be waived only with permission of the instructor and the Head of Department.
A tentative list of upcoming Geography course offerings can be found at www.mun.ca/hss/courses.php.
Geography courses are designated by GEOG.
GEOG 1050 Geographies of Global Change
provides perspectives on the major geographical challenges and changes facing the contemporary globe, including: climate and environmental change, sustainability, human development, economic globalization, cultural change, and population and migration. Using the integrative skills of geographical analysis, the course prepares students for advanced study in geography and citizenship in the modern world. All sections of this course follow Quantitative Reasoning Course Guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/qr.
CR: credit may not be obtained for GEOG 1050 and any one of the former GEOG 1000, the former GEOG 1001, the former GEOG 1010, the former GEOG 1011

GEOG 2001 Cultural Geography
is an introduction to the study of culture in geography, emphasizing both the history of the field from classic studies of landscapes to contemporary scholarship and themes of recent importance. It explores the politics of cultural production and consumption; critical spaces of cultural production and consumption from around the world, including cities, landscapes, texts, media, performance, and identity; and concepts of everyday life, materiality, and space/place. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS.
PR: GEOG 1050, or the former GEOG 1001, or the former GEOG 1011
GEOG 2102 Physical Geography: The Global Perspective
is a study of form, process, and change in natural systems at and near the surface of Earth, viewed as human environment. Emphasis is on global and regional scales in the systematic study of climate, water, landforms and vegetation. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS and Quantitative Reasoning Course Guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/qr.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 1050, or the former GEOG 1001, or the former GEOG 1011, or students following a major in Environmental Physics

GEOG 2105 Canada's Natural Environments and Landscapes
examines the characteristics and development of the natural environments and landscapes of each of the major regions of Canada. The diversity of natural environments is illustrated through discussion of the climatic, hydrological, biogeographical, and geomorphic processes responsible for shaping the land. The impact of both gradual and rapid (catastrophic) changes on local, national, and global scales will be emphasized. This course is complementary to GEOG 3405; students are encouraged to take both.
CR: the former GEOG 3100

GEOG 2195 Introduction to Geographic Information Sciences
is an introduction to the fields of cartography, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS). Geographic information collection, representation and analysis methods are the topics for the course. An emphasis is given to applications of maps and satellite images. All sections of this course follow Quantitative Reasoning Course Guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/qr.

GEOG 2302 Issues in Economic Geography
covers issues and ideas in economic geography. The development of local, regional and global economies will be related to economic, cultural and resource factors at international scales. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS and Quantitative Reasoning Course Guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/qr.
PR: GEOG 1050, or the former GEOG 1001, or the former GEOG 1011, or permission of the instructor

GEOG 2425 Natural Resources
is an introduction to the concepts of natural resources, environment and conservation: the nature and distribution of natural resources; methods of use, allocation and development of natural resources and the role of various physical, social, economic, political and technological factors influencing decision-making about resources.
CR: the former GEOG 3325
PR: GEOG 1050, or the former GEOG 1001, or the former GEOG 1011
GEOG 2495 Regional Geography of Labrador
is a holistic study of the Geography of Labrador, including the terrain, geology, Quaternary history, climate, vegetation, and fauna; the cultural geography of Labrador, including Innu, Inuit, NunatuKavut, and Settler people and communities; economic activities in Labrador, and the interaction of the Labrador economy within Newfoundland, Canada, and globally; the management of physical and human resources; and the geographic techniques used to investigate and understand Labrador's unique Geography.
CR: the former GEOG 3495

GEOG 3015 Science, Technology, and Society
explores the relationships among science, technology, and society (STS). It is premised on the idea that science and technology affect our social, cultural, economic, and political lives. Equally, scientific research and technology development are shaped by their social, cultural, economic, and political contexts. This course draws upon the fields of anthropology, sociology, geography, history, and cultural studies, as STS is an interdisciplinary field.
EQ: Sociology 3015

GEOG 3110 Physical Geography of the Watershed
- inactive course.

GEOG 3120 Climatology
is an analysis of the energy and moisture budgets and circulation of the atmosphere at the macro-scale, together with an examination of resulting climate characteristics for selected world regions.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 2102, Mathematics 1000

GEOG 3140 Biogeography
is the application of ecological concepts to the study of the spatial variations in the distribution of species. Laboratory work emphasizes terrestrial species distributions of the island of Newfoundland.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 2102, Mathematics 1000

GEOG 3150 Geomorphology
is a study of the relationships between geomorphic processes and landforms. Practical work will involve collection of data and samples in the field and analytical laboratory techniques.
EQ: Earth Sciences 3700
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 2102 or Earth Sciences 2905, Mathematics 1000. Sections of this course delivered by the Department of Geography do not require the Mathematics 1000 prerequisite.

GEOG 3202 Introduction to Cartography
is an introduction to the field of cartography and its different components, including: projections, generalization, cartographic design, data classification, topographic and thematic mapping.
CR: the former GEOG 2200
LH: 3. Laboratory exercises will utilize Geographic Information Systems software.
PR: 6 credit hours at the 2000-level
GEOG 3222 Research Design and Quantitative Methods in Geography
is an introduction to principles of research design, and to the use of quantitative techniques. This course provides students with a basic understanding of data collection, entry, and analysis and presentation skills most commonly used by geographers. Practical, computer-based exercises are an essential part of the course. It is strongly recommended that this course be successfully completed before registration in a 4000-level geography course.
CR: the former GEOG 2220
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 1050, or the former GEOG 1011, or the former GEOG 1001 and at least 9 credit hours from GEOG 2001, 2102, 2195, 2302, 2425

GEOG 3228 Field Methods in Geography
is designed to introduce students to the practice of geography in the field. Throughout this course, the students will experience the field research process from the initial observation of a site, formation of research questions and methods, collection of primary data, research and analysis, and finally presentation of their findings to both academic and public audiences via reports, outreach activities, or presentations.
CR: the former GEOG 3226
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 1050 and one course at the 2000- level in Geography

GEOG 3230 Field Course
will normally be taken by Geography Honours students just prior to the Fall semester of their third year. The course will be held off campus and is designed to provide experience in instrument and field techniques in physical, economic and cultural Geography.
PR: permission of the instructor

GEOG 3250 Introduction to Remote Sensing
is an introduction to digital image analysis, including many aspects of pre-processing and processing of airborne and satellite imagery.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 2195, Mathematics 1000

GEOG 3260 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
introduces the principles of GIS as they relate to spatial data input, structures, management, integration, analysis and output. Laboratory exercises permit students to use GIS software and explore how it can be applied to a wide variety of disciplines and real world issues.
CR: the former GEOG 4251
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 2195, Mathematics 1000

GEOG 3303 Location Theory
- inactive course.

GEOG 3320 Fisheries Geography
- inactive course.

GEOG 3340 Techniques of Regional Analysis
is an introduction to some of the more common types of analysis of urban and regional systems.
PR: GEOG 2302 or GEOG 3303
GEOG 3350 Community and Regional Planning and Development
introduces students to regional planning and development theories, techniques and approaches. Understanding of networks of development actors at community and regional scales, methods of delineating regions, links between theory and practice in planning and development. Focus on Canadian experiences and a sustainable development perspective.
PR: GEOG 2302 or permission of the instructor

GEOG 3405 Canada
is a study of the regional geography of Canada, with emphasis on social, economic and political characteristics. This course is complementary to GEOG 2105; students are encouraged to take both.
CR: the former GEOG 2400
PR: GEOG 2001, 2102 and 2302; or permission of the instructor and the Head of the Department

GEOG 3420 Globalization of Food
examines the increasingly globalized nature of food consumption, production and trade. The course examines the positive and negative effects of globalization on the food system before exploring the proliferation of alternative food networks. These alternative food networks aim to re-localize and re-embed the food system and include organic food, fair trade, self-provisioning, and animal welfare amongst many others. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS.
CR: the former GEOG 3907

GEOG 3425 Geographical Analysis of Resources
is the geographic study of contemporary North American issues in resources and their management. Emphasis will be placed on air and water quality issues, lands and forest resources, energy resources, and coastal zone resources. A number of substantive areas in resource analysis will be considered, including resource appraisal, landscape evaluation, and environmental impact assessment.
CR: the former GEOG 4400
PR: GEOG 2425 or equivalent

GEOG 3510 Geography of the Seas
is an introductory course in marine science and management treating the world’s oceans as a global geographic unit. The course covers basic physical, geological and biological marine science and applications of basic science to management issues facing the oceans today. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS.
PR: GEOG 2102 or GEOG 2425, or permission of instructor

GEOG 3610 Cultural Landscape
is an investigation of a principal subject of study in cultural geography; the human imprint on the land. The course will include a detailed consideration of the origin of landscape studies in geography; newer approaches emphasizing visual and representational aspects of landscapes; and several diverse case studies, historical and contemporary, concerned with struggles over their definition.
PR: GEOG 2001
GEOG 3620 International Migration
examines global population movements from a critical geographic perspective. This course applies a spatial lens to key topics surrounding migration, including labour and development; borders and immigration control, refugees and the politics of asylum; and citizenship, belonging, and place making. Students will develop skills in information seeking, critical judgment, and effective communication for a broad audience, in addition to gaining the knowledge base to navigate contemporary migration debates. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS.
PR: GEOG 2001 or permission of the instructor

GEOG 3650 Conservation Biology I: Introduction to Conservation
is an introductory course surveying the broad and evolving discipline of Conservation Science. Students examine how basic biological and geographic principles are applied to the conservation of biological diversity in the natural world under conditions of exploitation, habitat loss, and climate change.  Topics covered may include biodiversity assessment, endangered species assessment, threats to biodiversity, Indigenous-led conservation, protected areas, systematic conservation planning, and conservation economics, legislation, and policy. Special emphasis is given to relevant provincial examples.
CR: the former GEOG 4650, the former Biology 4650, and Environmental Science 4133
EQ: Biology 3650
OR: 3 hours of seminar/discussion group each week
PR: Biology 2600 and 2900, or GEOG 2102 and 2425, or permission of instructor

GEOG 3701 Urban Geography
is an examination of the evolution, structure and dynamics of cities and urban systems.
PR: GEOG 2302

GEOG 3710-3729 Special Topics in Geography: Harlow
will have topics to be studied announced by the Department.
PR: available only as part of the Harlow Campus semester

GEOG 3800 International Political Geography
is a geographic study of political ideas and processes. The course will consist of a historical discussion of the origins and trajectory of geopolitics, from the beginning of the 20th century to contemporary uses. Key themes in political geography, including strategy and statecraft, decolonization and nationalism, global technologies, and environmental security will be discussed. All sections of this course follow International Studies guidelines available at www.mun.ca/hss/IS.
PR: GEOG 2001

GEOG 3900-3909 (Excluding 3907) Special Topics in Geography
will have topics to be studied announced by the Department.
PR: permission of the instructor and the Head of the Department

GEOG 3990-3999 Special Topics in Geography
will have topics to be studied announced by the Department.
PR: permission of the instructor and the Head of the Department.
GEOG 4010 Cultural Geography
is concepts and methods in the study of cultural geography.
PR: GEOG 2001 and at least one of GEOG 3610, 3620, 3800. It is strongly recommended that GEOG 3222 and the former 3226 be successfully completed before registration in 4000-level courses.

GEOG 4015 Cultural Resource Management
is a study of cultural resource management: the definition and recognition of cultural resources, the application of policy in managing cultural resources, and the identification and consideration of contemporary issues in cultural resource management.
EQ: Archaeology 4015, Folklore 4015
OR: three hours of seminar per week
PR: it is strongly recommended that GEOG 3222 and the former 3226 be successfully completed before registration in 4000-level courses

GEOG 4030 Discard Studies
covers the cultural, economic, and resource aspects of waste, pollution, and externalities. Topics include, but are not limited to: social justice, colonialism, toxicity, scale, spatialities and temporalities, economic development, and infrastructures as they relate to systems of waste. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are emphasized.

GEOG 4040 Assessing Environmental Change
provides a survey of common environmental monitoring and analysis techniques, and applies them to the study of a particular location. Students will gain practical experience with environmental sampling techniques and analytical methods targeted at identifying adverse impacts of human activity on the natural environment and nature on the built environment.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 3222 and one of GEOG 3120, 3140, 3250, or 3260

GEOG 4050 Engaging Arctic and Northern Geographies
explores the geography of global Arctic and Northern Regions from an integrative geographical perspective. Students integrate and apply concepts, themes, and methodologies developed over the Geography program in a hands-on, northern-focused research project. By focusing on a specific "hot topic" theme, students will also have the opportunity to examine the interactions and interdependencies between the human and the physical dimensions of northern geography across a variety of scales.
CR: the former GEOG 3905
PR: GEOG 2001, GEOG 2102, and at least 6 credit hours of Geography courses at the 3000 level or above

GEOG 4060 Natural Hazards: People and Environments
considers case studies involving select biological and medical; climatological; geophysical; hydrological; and meteorological hazards. There are no hazards without people. The emphasis is not only in how and where particular natural hazards develop, from a physical / exposure viewpoint, but also in the implications for risk management, emergency response, planning, and community sustainability. Aspects of social and community sensitivity and vulnerability will be emphasized.
CR: the former GEOG 4908
GEOG 4107 Feminist GeoTechnologies
investigates the effects of technology in feminist social movements and technologies that exemplify feminist values and ideologies, particularly as they pertain to the Earth. Topics could include: ecofeminism and technology; assessing, designing, and building technologies from a feminist perspective; the gender politics of social-technological systems; information technologies in science; feminist geography; biotechnology and ecology; development in architecture and design. The course combines seminar discussions of reading with hands-on activities.
EQ: Sociology 4107
PR: 9 credit hours in any combination of Sociology, Gender Studies, Geography, Communication Studies 2000, Communication Studies 2001

GEOG 4120 Applied Climatology
is analysis of the impact of climatic environments and meteorological conditions upon agriculture, forestry, the hydro industry and the marine sector. Climatological considerations in the planning and design of urban areas and buildings.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 3120

GEOG 4141 Glacial Environments
- inactive course.

GEOG 4150 Environmental Change and Quaternary Geography
covers methods of reconstructing Quaternary environments; effects of Quaternary environmental change on landforms, with special reference to North America; development and characteristics of glacial and non-glacial climates.
EQ: Archaeology 4150, Earth Sciences 4703
LH: 3
PR: 6 credit hours in physical geography courses at the 3000- level; or permission of Head of Department. It is strongly recommended that GEOG 3222 and the former 3226 be successfully completed before registration in 4000-level courses.

GEOG 4170 Advanced Biogeography
examines the global patterns of species distributions and the processes that drive them. Laboratory work emphasizes the link between pattern and process at multiple spatial scales.
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 3140

GEOG 4190 Coastal Geomorphology
is an advanced course in geomorphology of coastal regions in all climate zones. Covers reflective and dissipative beaches, barrier systems, coastal sand dunes, deltas, tidal flats, estuaries, reefs, bedrock and karst shorelines, ice-dominated shorelines, and influence of climate change and sea level change on coastal environments.
CR: the former GEOG 4180
LH: 3
PR: GEOG 3150 or permission of instructor. It is strongly recommended that GEOG 3222 and the former 3226 be successfully completed before registration in 4000-level courses.