bibrahim/traindata huggingface dataset:
The following courses will be required:
Six credit hours in Critical Reading and Writing (CRW) courses, including at least 3 credit hours in English courses;
Mathematics 1000;
Earth Sciences 1000;
Statistics 2550 or any of the courses listed in the credit restrictions of Statistics 2550;
Physics 1020 and 1021 (or 1050 and 1051);
Chemistry 1050 and 1051 (or Chemistry 1200 and 1001), and Chemistry 2400;
Human Biosciences 2001 or the former Biochemistry 2101 or 2201;
Biology 1001, 1002, 2060, 2122, 2250 (or Human Biosciences 2004 or the former Biochemistry 2100 or 2200), 2600, 2900, 3710, and 3711;
Ocean Sciences 1000, 2000, 2001, 2100, 2300 and at least one of 2500 or 4500 (or Biology 3709 or 4710);
Additional courses to complete a required 69 combined credit hours in Biology and Ocean Sciences with a minimum of 30 credit hours in either subject (except Biology 2040, 2041, 2120, 3053, and 3820). A minimum of 9 credit hours in Biology at the 3000/4000 level and 15 credit hours in Ocean Sciences at the 3000/4000 level is required;
Either Biology 499A and 499B or Ocean Sciences 499A and 499B; and
A sufficient number of elective courses to bring the degree total to 120 credit hours.
Courses cross listed between Biology and Ocean Sciences can only count for one subject or the other.
A maximum of half of all Biology electives can be Biology courses with no associated laboratory/seminar (i.e., courses that have 3 contact hours/week).
11.11 Physics and Physical Oceanography
www.mun.ca/physics
The following undergraduate programs are available in the Department:
Applied Mathematics and Physics Joint Honours
Applied Mathematics and Physics Joint Major
Chemistry and Physics Joint Honours
Computer Science and Physics Joint Honours
Computer Science and Physics Joint Major
Earth Sciences and Physics Joint Honours
Earth Sciences and Physics Joint Major
Geophysics and Physical Oceanography Joint Honours
Human Biosciences and Physics Joint Honours
Honours in Environmental Physics
Honours in Ocean Physics
Honours in Physics
Major in Environmental Physics
Major in Ocean Physics
Major in Physics
Minor in Applied Science - Electrical Engineering for Majors and Honours (see Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science)
Minor in Physics
Details of Joint Major and Joint Honours programs are given under Joint Program Regulations. Other joint programs may be arranged in consultation with the departments concerned.
Physics and Physical Oceanography course descriptions are found at the end of the Faculty of Science section under Course Descriptions, Physics and Physical Oceanography.
Notes:
The attention of students intending to follow any one of the programs listed above is drawn to the University Regulations (Undergraduate), General Academic Regulations (Undergraduate), governing the appropriate degree. Additional Departmental requirements are given below.
Faculty advisors are available to provide advice to students who are registered in, or who are considering registering in, any of the programs. Students are urged to consult with these advisors at their earliest opportunity in order to ensure that they select appropriate courses and programs. Students with credits in Physics courses which are not listed in this calendar should consult with the Department.
The six course stream consisting of Physics 1050, 1051, 2053, 2055, 2750, and 2820 or alternatively the seven course stream of Physics 1020, 1021, 1051, 2053, 2055, 2750, and 2820 is intended to provide a cohesive overview of Physics for potential Physics majors. Students who receive a grade of greater than 70% in Physics 1020 may proceed directly into Physics 1051 without taking Physics 1021.
Physics 1050 is recommended for students who have completed Level II Physics, Level III Physics and Level III Advanced Mathematics. Mathematics 1000 must be taken at the same time as, or be successfully completed prior to, taking Physics 1050. Students who have successfully completed Mathematics 1000 and Physics 1050 are required to register for or successfully complete Mathematics 1001 before registering for Physics 1051.
Physics 1020 is intended for students who have no background in Physics or who are pursuing degree programs which do not require Physics 1050. Students who successfully complete Physics 1020 (with a grade of at least 70%) and Mathematics 1000 are eligible for admission to Physics 1051. Students may receive credit for only one of Physics 1050 and 1020.
Students who have successfully completed Advanced Placement courses in both Physics and Mathematics will normally be eligible for direct entry into Physics 1051, which can be taken concurrently with Physics 2053 and 2750. Eligible students are advised to consult the Department.
Where circumstances warrant, any prerequisites listed below may be waived by the Head of the Department.
11.11.1 Minor in Physics
A minor in Physics will consist of 24 credit hours in Physics courses which must include Physics 1050 (or 1020), 1051, 2053, 2055, 2750, 2820. Only 6 credit hours at the 1000 level can be used to fulfill the 24 credit hours. For those students whose major is Chemistry or Human Biosciences, the 24 credit hours in Physics will not include 2053.
For Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering students, 24 credit hours in Physics which must include Physics 1050 (or 1020), 1051, 2750, and 3000, with an additional 12 credit hours selected from Physics 2820, 3600, 3750, 3751, 3800, 4000, 4220, 4600 or other 3000 or 4000 level courses subject to approval by the Head of the Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography and the Head of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
COURSES-
Physics courses are designated by PHYS.
PHYS 1020 Introductory Physics I
is an algebra-based introduction to Newtonian mechanics. Topics covered include motion in one and two dimensions, Newton’s laws, momentum, energy and work, and rotational motion. Previous exposure to physics would be an asset but is not essential.
CO: Mathematics 1090 or 109A
CR: PHYS 1050
LH: 3; six laboratory sessions per semester
OR: tutorial sessions may be held on weeks when no laboratory is scheduled
PR: Level III Advanced Mathematics or Mathematics 1090 or 109A, Science 1807 and Science 1808. It is recommended that students have completed at least one of level II and level III high school physics courses
  
PHYS 1021 Introductory Physics II
is an algebra-based introduction to oscillations, fluids, wave motion, electricity and magnetism, and circuits.
LH: 3; normally there will be six laboratory sessions per semester
OR: tutorial sessions may be held on weeks when no laboratory is scheduled
PR: PHYS 1020 or 1050, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 1050 General Physics I: Mechanics
is a calculus-based introduction to mechanics. The course emphasizes problem solving, beginning with a review of vectors and one-dimensional kinematics. The main part of the course covers motion in two dimensions, forces and Newton’s Laws, energy, momentum, rotational motion and torque, and finally oscillations. For details regarding recommendations for students taking PHYS 1050, see Note 4 under Physics and Physical Oceanography.
CO: Mathematics 1000
CR: PHYS 1020
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1000, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 1051 General Physics II: Oscillations, Waves, Electromagnetism
is a calculus-based introduction to oscillations, wave motion, and electromagnetism. Topics include: simple harmonic motion; travelling waves, sound waves, and standing waves; electric fields and potentials; magnetic forces and fields; electric current and resistance; and electromagnetic waves.
CO: Mathematics 1001
LH: 3
PR: PHYS 1050, or 1021, or 1020 (with a minimum grade of 70%), Mathematics 1001, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2053 Fluids and Thermodynamics
introduces the student to basic concepts in fluid statics and dynamics as well as the fundamental concepts in thermal physics: kinetic theory, the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes, entropy, and heat engines and refrigerators.
CO: Mathematics 1001 and PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%)
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1001 and PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%), Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2055 Electricity and Magnetism
builds upon the concepts of electric and magnetic forces and fields, Gauss's Law, electric potential and electromagnetic induction introduced in PHYS 1051, expanding them to introduce capacitance, their application in DC and AC circuits, electromagnetic waves, wave optics, and geometric optics.
CO: Mathematics 2000
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 2000, PHYS 1051, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 2151 Stellar Astronomy and Astrophysics
introduces concepts in modern astronomy including: the celestial sphere, eclipses, parallax, and Kepler's laws; radiation; the Sun; spectroscopy; telescopes, resolution, and detectors; magnitudes, spectral classifications, and the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; the interstellar medium, star formation, stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, white dwarfs, neutron stars, pulsars, nebulae, supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts; galaxies, dark matter, and active galactic nuclei; cosmology, the cosmic microwave background, inflation and dark energy; and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
PR: 6 credit hours in Mathematics courses at the first year level
  
PHYS 2300 Introductory Physical Oceanography
provides an introduction to general oceanography with a primary focus on physical oceanography. Topics include how oceans form and evolve on a planetary scale. Ocean characteristics studied include: the properties of seawater; elementary dynamics of fluids on the rotating Earth; ocean circulation; wind-forcing in the ocean; tides and waves. Contemporary methods used in oceanographic study are covered including satellite oceanography. Interactions that occur between physical and chemical processes and biological activity are reviewed.
CR: Environmental Science 2371
EQ: Ocean Sciences 2300
PR: 6 credit hours in any first-year courses in Physics
  
PHYS 2750 Modern Physics
explores the fundamental ideas that are still driving technological developments. Einstein's theory of special relativity, and the microscopic world described by quantum physics are introduced through crucial historical observations. The course covers the dual nature of light and particles, quantum well and quantum tunneling phenomena, which play a key role in modern electronics. Atomic and nuclear structure, and elementary particles are also described.
CO: Mathematics 1001; PHYS 1051
CR: PHYS 2056
LH: 3
PR: Mathematics 1001; PHYS 1051 (or PHYS 1021 with a minimum grade of 70%)
  
PHYS 2820 Computational Mechanics
PHYS 2820 Computational Mechanics
introduces computational methods in the context of Newtonian mechanics. Numerical differentiation and integration, numerical solutions to differential equations and data analysis are applied to projectile motion, N-body systems, oscillations and problems from astrophysics and geophysics. Implementation of numerical methods using computer programming is emphasized.
CO: Mathematics 2000
LH: 2
PR: Mathematics 2000 and PHYS 1051
  
PHYS 3000 Physics of Device Materials
is an introduction to the physics of materials, particularly group IV and III-V semiconductors, used in common technological devices. It covers fundamental concepts including structures of crystalline solids, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics of charge carriers, equilibrium charge carrier concentrations, carrier transport and excess carrier phenomena. These concepts are applied to multi-material devices including pn and metal-semiconductor junctions, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, photovoltaic devices, light-emitting diodes, and solid-state lasers.
PR: PHYS 1051
  
PHYS 3050 Introduction to Biophysics
focuses on theoretical and computational modeling of biological processes using tools and concepts from physics, including the statistical physics of polymers, electrostatics of aqueous solutions, free energy minimization, energy-entropy competition, random walks, diffusion, the Einstein relation and depletion forces. With these tools the course examines the physics of biological processes such as osmotic pressure in cells, folding and cooperativity of macromolecules, ligand-receptor binding, energy balance of the cell, cell membrane shapes, ion channels, and molecular motors.
PR: one of Computer Science 1510 or 1001 or PHYS 2820, and one of PHYS 2053 or Chemistry 2301
  
PHYS 3150 Astrophysics I
covers macroscopic and microscopic physics related to stellar structure, energy production, and evolution. This includes stellar observables, gravity and other forces, the Virial Theorem, light and matter in stars, stellar spectra and classification, Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams and properties of main sequence dwarf stars, radiation in the stellar atmosphere, structural relationships and stellar models, energy sources and energy transport in stars, star formation and stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, variable stars, Chandrasekhar’s limit, and degenerate remnants.
CR: PHYS 3160
PR: PHYS 2053, 2750 (or 2056), and 2820
  
PHYS 3151 Astrophysics II
PHYS 3151 Astrophysics II
deals with galactic and cosmological scale astrophysics. Topics include: galaxies including Hubble classification, dark matter, and structure of the Milky Way Galaxy; globular and open star clusters; compact objects including compact binary systems, novas and supernovas, pulsars and magnetars, X-ray binaries; black holes, active galactic nuclei, quasars, the Lyman forest, and the Gunn-Peterson trough; and cosmology including the cosmic microwave background, the FLRW metric, the Friedmann equations, cosmological expansion, and dark energy.
CR: PHYS 3160
PR: PHYS 3150 and 3220
  
PHYS 3220 Classical Mechanics I
covers vector operations, coordinate transformations, derivative of vectors, Newton’s laws, differential equations, kinematics and dynamics of a particle, linear and quadratic air resistance, terminal velocity, momentum of a time varying mass, center of mass systems, angular momentum, moment of inertia, energy, work-energy theorem, forces as the gradient of potential energy, time dependent potential energy, curvilinear one-dimensional systems, energy of a multiparticle system, calculus of variations, and Lagrangian Dynamics.
CO: PHYS 2820, Mathematics 2260 and 3202
PR: PHYS 2820, Mathematics 2260 and 3202
  
PHYS 3230 Classical Mechanics II
covers noninertial frames of reference, Newton's second law in a rotating frame, centrifugal force, Coriolis force, motion of rigid bodies, center of mass, rotation about a fixed axis, rotation about any axis, inertia tensor, Euler's equations with zero torque, coupled oscillators, chaos theory, bifurcation diagrams, state-space orbits, Poincare sections, Hamiltonian dynamics, ignorable coordinate, phase-space orbits, Liouville's theorem, scattering angle, impact parameter, differential scattering cross section, and Rutherford scattering.
CO: Mathematics 3202
PR: PHYS 3220, Mathematics 2260 and 3202
  
PHYS 3300 Intermediate Physical Oceanography
provides a physics-based introduction to both dynamical and descriptive physical oceanography. Topics include properties of seawater, geostrophy, conservation equations, wind-forced dynamics, large-scale ocean circulation and waves and tides. A survey of analytical, observational, numerical, and laboratory approaches is presented.
PR: PHYS 2053 and Mathematics 2000 or registration in Academic Term 5 of the Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering program
  
PHYS 3340 Principles of Environmental Physics
applies basic physical principles to the environment of the Earth with a focus on problem solving and developing physical understanding. Key topics to be covered include the climate system and climate change, energy production and use, and the role of science in guiding public decision-making.
PR: Mathematics 2000 and PHYS 2053
  
PHYS 3400 Thermal Physics
covers central concepts in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, including temperature, entropy, the laws of thermodynamics, the Einstein model of solids, paramagnetism, Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, chemical potential, thermodynamic identities, Boltzmann statistics, the partition function, and quantum statistics.
PR: Mathematics 2000, PHYS 2053 and PHYS 2750 or (2056)
  
PHYS 3500 Electromagnetic Fields I
examines the laws of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields based on vector calculus and a local formulation. Topics covered include Gauss's law, potentials, energy and work, the multipole expansion, Laplace's equation and boundary conditions, linear dielectrics, electric polarization, electric displacement, capacitance, magnetic fields B and H, vector potentials, Lorentz force, magnetization and Maxwell's equations.
CR: Electrical and Computer Engineering 5700, the former Engineering 5812
PR: PHYS 2055 and Mathematics 3202
  
PHYS 3550 Electric Circuits
covers circuit elements. Simple resistive circuits. Techniques of circuit analysis. Topology in circuit analysis. Operational amplifiers. Reactive circuit elements. Natural response and step response of RL, RC and RLC circuits. Circuits driven by sinusoidal sources. Mutual inductance. Series and parallel resonance. Laplace transforms in the analysis of frequency response.
CO: Mathematics 2260
CR: Electrical and Computer Engineering 3300, the former Engineering 3821
LC: 6
LH: 6
PR: Mathematics 2050, Mathematics 2260 or (the former Mathematics 3260), PHYS 2055
PHYS 3820 Mathematical Physics I
focuses on applications of mathematical techniques to solve problems in physics. Vectors, vector calculus, matrices and tensors, coordinate systems and transformations, and summation notation are reviewed. Topics in complex numbers, functions and calculus are introduced, including branch cuts, differentiation, integration, Cauchy formula, series, residue theorem, and the gamma function. Other topics include differential equations using series solutions and separation of variables, and Fourier series of real and complex functions.
PR: Mathematics 2260 (or the former Mathematics 3260), and Mathematics 3202
  
PHYS 3900 Experimental Physics I
develops experimental, analytical, and communications skills through extended experiments in fields of physics including optics, magnetism, fluids, spectroscopy, materials characterization, and modern physics. Students select from a range of experiments that illustrate concepts encountered in previous courses to apply existing knowledge and problem solving skills, while other experiments introduce more advanced techniques and phenomena.
CR: PHYS 4880
LC: 0
LH: 6
PR: at least two of PHYS 2053, 2820, 2055, PHYS 2750 (or 2056); Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 4000 Solid State Physics
focuses on the relation between structure and physical properties in crystalline materials. An introduction to crystal structure addresses symmetry and reciprocal space. Phonons and lattice vibrations are linked with thermal properties of solids. Electrons in solids, including energy bands and semiconductors, lead to discussions of transport in solids.
PR: PHYS 3400 and 3750
PHYS 4205 Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
covers basic observations, mass conservation, vorticity, stress, hydrostatics, rate of strain, momentum conservation (Navier-Stokes equation), simple viscous and inviscid flows, Reynolds number, boundary layers, Bernoulli's and Kelvin's theorems, potential flows, water waves, thermodynamics.
CR: ONAE 4020
EQ: Mathematics 4180
PR: Mathematics 2260 (or the former Mathematics 3260) and Mathematics 3202
  
PHYS 4210 Continuum Mechanics
- inactive course.
  
PHYS 4220 Introduction to General Relativity
studies both the mathematical structure and physical content of Einstein’s theory of gravity. Topics include the geometric formulation of special relativity, curved spacetimes, metrics, geodesics, causal structure, gravity as spacetime curvature, the weak-field limit, geometry outside a spherical star, Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, Robertson-Walker cosmologies, gravitational waves, an introduction to tensor calculus, Einstein’s equations, and the stress-energy tensor.
CO: Mathematics 4230
EQ: Mathematics 4130
PR: Mathematics 3202 and one of PHYS 3220, Mathematics 4230 or waiver approved by the instructor
  
PHYS 4300 Advanced Physical Oceanography
covers dynamical physical oceanography. The equations of motion in oceanography are derived and analysed. Topics include geostrophy, conservation equations, linear and non-linear wave theory, and open ocean and shelf circulation dynamics.
PR: PHYS 3300 and 3820
PHYS 4820 Mathematical Physics II
covers topics on the common partial differential equations of Mathematical Physics and boundary value problems; Sturm-Liouville theory, introduction to the theory of distributions, Dirac delta function, Laplace and Fourier transforms, Green’s functions, Bessel functions, Legendre functions, spherical harmonics, and other topics such as group theory.
PR: PHYS 3820 or all of Mathematics 2051, 2260, 3202, 3210
  
PHYS 4850 Quantum Mechanics
is a mathematically-based course that covers: the postulates of quantum mechanics; Hermitian operators; x, p and matrix representations of quantum mechanics; the harmonic oscillator; spin and orbital angular momentum and addition of angular momentum; stationary perturbation theory; time dependent perturbation theory.
PR: PHYS 3750 and 3820
  
PHYS 4851 Advanced Quantum Mechanics
is a continuation of PHYS 4850 that covers: density operators; unitary operators, including symmetry operations and the time-evolution operator; gauge transformations and Berry's phase; quantum mechanical entanglement; systems of identical particles.
PR: PHYS 4820 and 4850
  
PHYS 4852 Quantum Information and Computing
covers postulates of quantum mechanics, matrix theory, density matrices, qubits, qubit registers, entanglement, quantum gates, superdense coding, quantum teleportation, quantum algorithms, open systems, decoherence, physical realization of quantum computers.
EQ: Mathematics 4252
PR: Mathematics 2051 or PHYS 3820
  
PHYS 4900 Experimental Physics II
builds on the skills developed in Experimental Physics I through advanced and open-ended experiments in fields of physics including optics, magnetism, fluids, spectroscopy, materials characterization, and modern physics.
LC: 0
LH: 6
PR: PHYS 3900, Science 1807 and Science 1808
  
PHYS 490A/B Honours Physics Thesis
is required of the Honours program.
  
PHYS 6317 Underwater Acoustics
covers basic theory of sound, sound in the ocean environment, wave equation, ray tracing, sonar system operation, transducers, applications.
PR: PHYS 3810 (or the former Mathematics 3220) and 3220, or waiver approved by the instructor
  
PHYS 6318 Ocean Climate Modelling
covers numerical techniques, finite difference, finite element and spectral methods. Introduction to the climate system. Ocean climate models. Box models. Variability on interdecadal, centennial and geological scales. Zonally averaged models. 3-D ocean modelling. Thermohaline circulation. General circulation models. Climate modelling and global warming.