bhavin-gajjar/laravel-coder-lora-train huggingface dataset:
[Laravel 11] Explain providers: Introduction

Service providers are the central place of all Laravel application bootstrapping. Your own application, as well as all of Laravel's core services, are bootstrapped via service providers.

But, what do we mean by "bootstrapped"? In general, we mean **registering** things, including registering service container bindings, event listeners, middleware, and even routes. Service providers are the central place to configure your application.

Laravel uses dozens of service providers internally to bootstrap its core services, such as the mailer, queue, cache, and others. Many of these providers are "deferred" providers, meaning they will not be loaded on every request, but only when the services they provide are actually needed.

All user-defined service providers are registered in the bootstrap/providers.php file. In the following documentation, you will learn how to write your own service providers and register them with your Laravel application.

> [!NOTE]  
> If you would like to learn more about how Laravel handles requests and works internally, check out our documentation on the Laravel request lifecycle.

<a name="writing-service-providers"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain providers: Writing Service Providers

All service providers extend the Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider class. Most service providers contain a register and a boot method. Within the register method, you should **only bind things into the service container**. You should never attempt to register any event listeners, routes, or any other piece of functionality within the register method.

The Artisan CLI can generate a new provider via the make:provider command. Laravel will automatically register your new provider in your application's bootstrap/providers.php file:

<a name="the-register-method"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain providers: The Register Method

As mentioned previously, within the register method, you should only bind things into the service container. You should never attempt to register any event listeners, routes, or any other piece of functionality within the register method. Otherwise, you may accidentally use a service that is provided by a service provider which has not loaded yet.

Let's take a look at a basic service provider. Within any of your service provider methods, you always have access to the $app property which provides access to the service container:

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use App\Services\Riak\Connection;
    use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
    use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

    class RiakServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
         * Register any application services.
         */
        public function register(): void
        {
            $this->app->singleton(Connection::class, function (Application $app) {
                return new Connection(config('riak'));
            });
        }
    }

This service provider only defines a register method, and uses that method to define an implementation of App\Services\Riak\Connection in the service container. If you're not yet familiar with Laravel's service container, check out its documentation.

<a name="the-bindings-and-singletons-properties"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain providers: The `bindings` and `singletons` Properties

If your service provider registers many simple bindings, you may wish to use the bindings and singletons properties instead of manually registering each container binding. When the service provider is loaded by the framework, it will automatically check for these properties and register their bindings:

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use App\Contracts\DowntimeNotifier;
    use App\Contracts\ServerProvider;
    use App\Services\DigitalOceanServerProvider;
    use App\Services\PingdomDowntimeNotifier;
    use App\Services\ServerToolsProvider;
    use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

    class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
         * All of the container bindings that should be registered.
         *
         * @var array
         */
        public $bindings = [
            ServerProvider::class => DigitalOceanServerProvider::class,
        ];

        /**
         * All of the container singletons that should be registered.
         *
         * @var array
         */
        public $singletons = [
            DowntimeNotifier::class => PingdomDowntimeNotifier::class,
            ServerProvider::class => ServerToolsProvider::class,
        ];
    }

<a name="the-boot-method"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain pulse: Laravel Pulse

- Introduction
- Installation
    - Configuration
- Dashboard
    - Authorization
    - Customization
    - Resolving Users
    - Cards
- Capturing Entries
    - Recorders
    - Filtering
- Performance
    - Using a Different Database
    - Redis Ingest
    - Sampling
    - Trimming
    - Handling Pulse Exceptions
- Custom Cards
    - Card Components
    - Styling
    - Data Capture and Aggregation

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain pulse: Installation

> [!WARNING]  
> Pulse's first-party storage implementation currently requires a MySQL, MariaDB, or PostgreSQL database. If you are using a different database engine, you will need a separate MySQL, MariaDB, or PostgreSQL database for your Pulse data.

You may install Pulse using the Composer package manager:

Next, you should publish the Pulse configuration and migration files using the vendor:publish Artisan command:

Finally, you should run the migrate command in order to create the tables needed to store Pulse's data:

Once Pulse's database migrations have been run, you may access the Pulse dashboard via the /pulse route.

> [!NOTE]  
> If you do not want to store Pulse data in your application's primary database, you may specify a dedicated database connection.

<a name="configuration"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queries: Database: Query Builder

- Introduction
- Running Database Queries
    - Chunking Results
    - Streaming Results Lazily
    - Aggregates
- Select Statements
- Raw Expressions
- Joins
- Unions
- Basic Where Clauses
    - Where Clauses
    - Or Where Clauses
    - Where Not Clauses
    - Where Any / All / None Clauses
    - JSON Where Clauses
    - Additional Where Clauses
    - Logical Grouping
- Advanced Where Clauses
    - Where Exists Clauses
    - Subquery Where Clauses
    - Full Text Where Clauses
- Ordering, Grouping, Limit and Offset
    - Ordering
    - Grouping
    - Limit and Offset
- Conditional Clauses
- Insert Statements
    - Upserts
- Update Statements
    - Updating JSON Columns
    - Increment and Decrement
- Delete Statements
- Pessimistic Locking
- Debugging

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queries: Introduction

Laravel's database query builder provides a convenient, fluent interface to creating and running database queries. It can be used to perform most database operations in your application and works perfectly with all of Laravel's supported database systems.

The Laravel query builder uses PDO parameter binding to protect your application against SQL injection attacks. There is no need to clean or sanitize strings passed to the query builder as query bindings.

> [!WARNING]  
> PDO does not support binding column names. Therefore, you should never allow user input to dictate the column names referenced by your queries, including "order by" columns.

<a name="running-database-queries"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queries: Retrieving All Rows From a Table

You may use the table method provided by the DB facade to begin a query. The table method returns a fluent query builder instance for the given table, allowing you to chain more constraints onto the query and then finally retrieve the results of the query using the get method:

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers;

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
    use Illuminate\View\View;

    class UserController extends Controller
    {
        /**
         * Show a list of all of the application's users.
         */
        public function index(): View
        {
            $users = DB::table('users')->get();

            return view('user.index', ['users' => $users]);
        }
    }

The get method returns an Illuminate\Support\Collection instance containing the results of the query where each result is an instance of the PHP stdClass object. You may access each column's value by accessing the column as a property of the object:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

    $users = DB::table('users')->get();

    foreach ($users as $user) {
        echo $user->name;
    }

> [!NOTE]  
> Laravel collections provide a variety of extremely powerful methods for mapping and reducing data. For more information on Laravel collections, check out the collection documentation.

<a name="retrieving-a-single-row-column-from-a-table"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queries: Retrieving a Single Row / Column From a Table

If you just need to retrieve a single row from a database table, you may use the DB facade's first method. This method will return a single stdClass object:

    $user = DB::table('users')->where('name', 'John')->first();

    return $user->email;

If you would like to retrieve a single row from a database table, but throw an Illuminate\Database\RecordNotFoundException if no matching row is found, you may use the firstOrFail method. If the RecordNotFoundException is not caught, a 404 HTTP response is automatically sent back to the client:

    $user = DB::table('users')->where('name', 'John')->firstOrFail();

If you don't need an entire row, you may extract a single value from a record using the value method. This method will return the value of the column directly:

    $email = DB::table('users')->where('name', 'John')->value('email');

To retrieve a single row by its id column value, use the find method:

    $user = DB::table('users')->find(3);

<a name="retrieving-a-list-of-column-values"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queries: Retrieving a List of Column Values

If you would like to retrieve an Illuminate\Support\Collection instance containing the values of a single column, you may use the pluck method. In this example, we'll retrieve a collection of user titles:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

    $titles = DB::table('users')->pluck('title');

    foreach ($titles as $title) {
        echo $title;
    }

You may specify the column that the resulting collection should use as its keys by providing a second argument to the pluck method:

    $titles = DB::table('users')->pluck('title', 'name');

    foreach ($titles as $name => $title) {
        echo $title;
    }

<a name="chunking-results"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queues: Queues

- Introduction
    - Connections vs. Queues
    - Driver Notes and Prerequisites
- Creating Jobs
    - Generating Job Classes
    - Class Structure
    - Unique Jobs
    - Encrypted Jobs
- Job Middleware
    - Rate Limiting
    - Preventing Job Overlaps
    - Throttling Exceptions
    - Skipping Jobs
- Dispatching Jobs
    - Delayed Dispatching
    - Synchronous Dispatching
    - Jobs & Database Transactions
    - Job Chaining
    - Customizing The Queue and Connection
    - Specifying Max Job Attempts / Timeout Values
    - Error Handling
- Job Batching
    - Defining Batchable Jobs
    - Dispatching Batches
    - Chains and Batches
    - Adding Jobs to Batches
    - Inspecting Batches
    - Cancelling Batches
    - Batch Failures
    - Pruning Batches
    - Storing Batches in DynamoDB
- Queueing Closures
- Running the Queue Worker
    - The queue:work Command
    - Queue Priorities
    - Queue Workers and Deployment
    - Job Expirations and Timeouts
- Supervisor Configuration
- Dealing With Failed Jobs
    - Cleaning Up After Failed Jobs
    - Retrying Failed Jobs
    - Ignoring Missing Models
    - Pruning Failed Jobs
    - Storing Failed Jobs in DynamoDB
    - Disabling Failed Job Storage
    - Failed Job Events
- Clearing Jobs From Queues
- Monitoring Your Queues
- Testing
    - Faking a Subset of Jobs
    - Testing Job Chains
    - Testing Job Batches
    - Testing Job / Queue Interactions
- Job Events

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queues: Introduction

While building your web application, you may have some tasks, such as parsing and storing an uploaded CSV file, that take too long to perform during a typical web request. Thankfully, Laravel allows you to easily create queued jobs that may be processed in the background. By moving time intensive tasks to a queue, your application can respond to web requests with blazing speed and provide a better user experience to your customers.

Laravel queues provide a unified queueing API across a variety of different queue backends, such as Amazon SQS, Redis, or even a relational database.

Laravel's queue configuration options are stored in your application's config/queue.php configuration file. In this file, you will find connection configurations for each of the queue drivers that are included with the framework, including the database, Amazon SQS, Redis, and Beanstalkd drivers, as well as a synchronous driver that will execute jobs immediately (for use during local development). A null queue driver is also included which discards queued jobs.

> [!NOTE]  
> Laravel now offers Horizon, a beautiful dashboard and configuration system for your Redis powered queues. Check out the full Horizon documentation for more information.

<a name="connections-vs-queues"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queues: Connections vs. Queues

Before getting started with Laravel queues, it is important to understand the distinction between "connections" and "queues". In your config/queue.php configuration file, there is a connections configuration array. This option defines the connections to backend queue services such as Amazon SQS, Beanstalk, or Redis. However, any given queue connection may have multiple "queues" which may be thought of as different stacks or piles of queued jobs.

Note that each connection configuration example in the queue configuration file contains a queue attribute. This is the default queue that jobs will be dispatched to when they are sent to a given connection. In other words, if you dispatch a job without explicitly defining which queue it should be dispatched to, the job will be placed on the queue that is defined in the queue attribute of the connection configuration:

    use App\Jobs\ProcessPodcast;

    // This job is sent to the default connection's default queue...
    ProcessPodcast::dispatch();

    // This job is sent to the default connection's "emails" queue...
    ProcessPodcast::dispatch()->onQueue('emails');

Some applications may not need to ever push jobs onto multiple queues, instead preferring to have one simple queue. However, pushing jobs to multiple queues can be especially useful for applications that wish to prioritize or segment how jobs are processed, since the Laravel queue worker allows you to specify which queues it should process by priority. For example, if you push jobs to a high queue, you may run a worker that gives them higher processing priority:

<a name="driver-prerequisites"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain queues: Redis

In order to use the redis queue driver, you should configure a Redis database connection in your config/database.php configuration file.

> [!WARNING]  
> The serializer and compression Redis options are not supported by the redis queue driver.

**Redis Cluster**

If your Redis queue connection uses a Redis Cluster, your queue names must contain a key hash tag. This is required in order to ensure all of the Redis keys for a given queue are placed into the same hash slot:

    'redis' => [
        'driver' => 'redis',
        'connection' => env('REDIS_QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'default'),
        'queue' => env('REDIS_QUEUE', '{default}'),
        'retry_after' => env('REDIS_QUEUE_RETRY_AFTER', 90),
        'block_for' => null,
        'after_commit' => false,
    ],

**Blocking**

When using the Redis queue, you may use the block_for configuration option to specify how long the driver should wait for a job to become available before iterating through the worker loop and re-polling the Redis database.

Adjusting this value based on your queue load can be more efficient than continually polling the Redis database for new jobs. For instance, you may set the value to 5 to indicate that the driver should block for five seconds while waiting for a job to become available:

    'redis' => [
        'driver' => 'redis',
        'connection' => env('REDIS_QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'default'),
        'queue' => env('REDIS_QUEUE', 'default'),
        'retry_after' => env('REDIS_QUEUE_RETRY_AFTER', 90),
        'block_for' => 5,
        'after_commit' => false,
    ],

> [!WARNING]  
> Setting block_for to 0 will cause queue workers to block indefinitely until a job is available. This will also prevent signals such as SIGTERM from being handled until the next job has been processed.

<a name="other-driver-prerequisites"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain rate limiting: Cache Configuration

Typically, the rate limiter utilizes your default application cache as defined by the default key within your application's cache configuration file. However, you may specify which cache driver the rate limiter should use by defining a limiter key within your application's cache configuration file:

    'default' => env('CACHE_STORE', 'database'),

    'limiter' => 'redis',

<a name="basic-usage"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain rate limiting: Basic Usage

The Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter facade may be used to interact with the rate limiter. The simplest method offered by the rate limiter is the attempt method, which rate limits a given callback for a given number of seconds.

The attempt method returns false when the callback has no remaining attempts available; otherwise, the attempt method will return the callback's result or true. The first argument accepted by the attempt method is a rate limiter "key", which may be any string of your choosing that represents the action being rate limited:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;

    $executed = RateLimiter::attempt(
        'send-message:'.$user->id,
        $perMinute = 5,
        function() {
            // Send message...
        }
    );

    if (! $executed) {
      return 'Too many messages sent!';
    }

If necessary, you may provide a fourth argument to the attempt method, which is the "decay rate", or the number of seconds until the available attempts are reset. For example, we can modify the example above to allow five attempts every two minutes:

    $executed = RateLimiter::attempt(
        'send-message:'.$user->id,
        $perTwoMinutes = 5,
        function() {
            // Send message...
        },
        $decayRate = 120,
    );

<a name="manually-incrementing-attempts"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain rate limiting: Manually Incrementing Attempts

If you would like to manually interact with the rate limiter, a variety of other methods are available. For example, you may invoke the tooManyAttempts method to determine if a given rate limiter key has exceeded its maximum number of allowed attempts per minute:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;

    if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts('send-message:'.$user->id, $perMinute = 5)) {
        return 'Too many attempts!';
    }

    RateLimiter::increment('send-message:'.$user->id);

    // Send message...

Alternatively, you may use the remaining method to retrieve the number of attempts remaining for a given key. If a given key has retries remaining, you may invoke the increment method to increment the number of total attempts:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;

    if (RateLimiter::remaining('send-message:'.$user->id, $perMinute = 5)) {
        RateLimiter::increment('send-message:'.$user->id);

        // Send message...
    }

If you would like to increment the value for a given rate limiter key by more than one, you may provide the desired amount to the increment method:

    RateLimiter::increment('send-message:'.$user->id, amount: 5);

<a name="determining-limiter-availability"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain redirects: Creating Redirects

Redirect responses are instances of the Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse class, and contain the proper headers needed to redirect the user to another URL. There are several ways to generate a RedirectResponse instance. The simplest method is to use the global redirect helper:

    Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
        return redirect('/home/dashboard');
    });

Sometimes you may wish to redirect the user to their previous location, such as when a submitted form is invalid. You may do so by using the global back helper function. Since this feature utilizes the session, make sure the route calling the back function is using the web middleware group or has all of the session middleware applied:

    Route::post('/user/profile', function () {
        // Validate the request...

        return back()->withInput();
    });

<a name="redirecting-named-routes"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain redirects: Redirecting To Named Routes

When you call the redirect helper with no parameters, an instance of Illuminate\Routing\Redirector is returned, allowing you to call any method on the Redirector instance. For example, to generate a RedirectResponse to a named route, you may use the route method:

    return redirect()->route('login');

If your route has parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the route method:

    // For a route with the following URI: profile/{id}

    return redirect()->route('profile', ['id' => 1]);

For convenience, Laravel also offers the global to_route function:

    return to_route('profile', ['id' => 1]);

<a name="populating-parameters-via-eloquent-models"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain redirects: Populating Parameters Via Eloquent Models

If you are redirecting to a route with an "ID" parameter that is being populated from an Eloquent model, you may pass the model itself. The ID will be extracted automatically:

    // For a route with the following URI: profile/{id}

    return redirect()->route('profile', [$user]);

If you would like to customize the value that is placed in the route parameter, you should override the getRouteKey method on your Eloquent model:

    /**
     * Get the value of the model's route key.
     */
    public function getRouteKey(): mixed
    {
        return $this->slug;
    }

<a name="redirecting-controller-actions"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain redirects: Redirecting To Controller Actions

You may also generate redirects to controller actions. To do so, pass the controller and action name to the action method:

    use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;

    return redirect()->action([HomeController::class, 'index']);

If your controller route requires parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the action method:

    return redirect()->action(
        [UserController::class, 'profile'], ['id' => 1]
    );

<a name="redirecting-with-flashed-session-data"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain redis: Introduction

Redis is an open source, advanced key-value store. It is often referred to as a data structure server since keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets, and sorted sets.

Before using Redis with Laravel, we encourage you to install and use the PhpRedis PHP extension via PECL. The extension is more complex to install compared to "user-land" PHP packages but may yield better performance for applications that make heavy use of Redis. If you are using Laravel Sail, this extension is already installed in your application's Docker container.

If you are unable to install the PhpRedis extension, you may install the predis/predis package via Composer. Predis is a Redis client written entirely in PHP and does not require any additional extensions:

<a name="configuration"></a>