bhavin-gajjar/laravel-coder-lora-train huggingface dataset:
[Laravel 12] Explain broadcasting: Quickstart

By default, broadcasting is not enabled in new Laravel applications. You may enable broadcasting using the install:broadcasting Artisan command:

The install:broadcasting command will prompt you for which event broadcasting service you would like to use. In addition, it will create the config/broadcasting.php configuration file and the routes/channels.php file where you may register your application's broadcast authorization routes and callbacks.

Laravel supports several broadcast drivers out of the box: Laravel Reverb, Pusher Channels, Ably, and a log driver for local development and debugging. Additionally, a null driver is included which allows you to disable broadcasting during testing. A configuration example is included for each of these drivers in the config/broadcasting.php configuration file.

All of your application's event broadcasting configuration is stored in the config/broadcasting.php configuration file. Don't worry if this file does not exist in your application; it will be created when you run the install:broadcasting Artisan command.

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[Laravel 12] Explain broadcasting: Next Steps

Once you have enabled event broadcasting, you're ready to learn more about defining broadcast events and listening for events. If you're using Laravel's React or Vue starter kits, you may listen for events using Echo's useEcho hook.

> [!NOTE]
> Before broadcasting any events, you should first configure and run a queue worker. All event broadcasting is done via queued jobs so that the response time of your application is not seriously affected by events being broadcast.

<a name="server-side-installation"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cache: Cache

- Introduction
- Configuration
    - Driver Prerequisites
- Cache Usage
    - Obtaining a Cache Instance
    - Retrieving Items From the Cache
    - Storing Items in the Cache
    - Removing Items From the Cache
    - Cache Memoization
    - The Cache Helper
- Cache Tags
- Atomic Locks
    - Managing Locks
    - Managing Locks Across Processes
    - Concurrency Limiting
- Cache Failover
- Adding Custom Cache Drivers
    - Writing the Driver
    - Registering the Driver
- Events

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cache: Introduction

Some of the data retrieval or processing tasks performed by your application could be CPU intensive or take several seconds to complete. When this is the case, it is common to cache the retrieved data for a time so it can be retrieved quickly on subsequent requests for the same data. The cached data is usually stored in a very fast data store such as Memcached or Redis.

Thankfully, Laravel provides an expressive, unified API for various cache backends, allowing you to take advantage of their blazing fast data retrieval and speed up your web application.

<a name="configuration"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cache: Configuration

Your application's cache configuration file is located at config/cache.php. In this file, you may specify which cache store you would like to be used by default throughout your application. Laravel supports popular caching backends like Memcached, Redis, DynamoDB, and relational databases out of the box. In addition, a file based cache driver is available, while array and null cache drivers provide convenient cache backends for your automated tests.

The cache configuration file also contains a variety of other options that you may review. By default, Laravel is configured to use the database cache driver, which stores the serialized, cached objects in your application's database.

<a name="driver-prerequisites"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cache: Memcached

Using the Memcached driver requires the Memcached PECL package to be installed. You may list all of your Memcached servers in the config/cache.php configuration file. This file already contains a memcached.servers entry to get you started:

If needed, you may set the host option to a UNIX socket path. If you do this, the port option should be set to 0:

<a name="redis"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cashier paddle: Laravel Cashier (Paddle)

- Introduction
- Upgrading Cashier
- Installation
    - Paddle Sandbox
- Configuration
    - Billable Model
    - API Keys
    - Paddle JS
    - Currency Configuration
    - Overriding Default Models
- Quickstart
    - Selling Products
    - Selling Subscriptions
- Checkout Sessions
    - Overlay Checkout
    - Inline Checkout
    - Guest Checkouts
- Price Previews
    - Customer Price Previews
    - Discounts
- Customers
    - Customer Defaults
    - Retrieving Customers
    - Creating Customers
- Subscriptions
    - Creating Subscriptions
    - Checking Subscription Status
    - Subscription Single Charges
    - Updating Payment Information
    - Changing Plans
    - Subscription Quantity
    - Subscriptions With Multiple Products
    - Multiple Subscriptions
    - Pausing Subscriptions
    - Canceling Subscriptions
- Subscription Trials
    - With Payment Method Up Front
    - Without Payment Method Up Front
    - Extend or Activate a Trial
- Handling Paddle Webhooks
    - Defining Webhook Event Handlers
    - Verifying Webhook Signatures
- Single Charges
    - Charging for Products
    - Refunding Transactions
    - Crediting Transactions
- Transactions
    - Past and Upcoming Payments
- Testing

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cashier paddle: Introduction

> [!WARNING]
> This documentation is for Cashier Paddle 2.x's integration with Paddle Billing. If you're still using Paddle Classic, you should use Cashier Paddle 1.x.

Laravel Cashier Paddle provides an expressive, fluent interface to Paddle's subscription billing services. It handles almost all of the boilerplate subscription billing code you are dreading. In addition to basic subscription management, Cashier can handle: swapping subscriptions, subscription "quantities", subscription pausing, cancelation grace periods, and more.

Before digging into Cashier Paddle, we recommend you also review Paddle's concept guides and API documentation.

<a name="upgrading-cashier"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cashier paddle: Installation

First, install the Cashier package for Paddle using the Composer package manager:

Next, you should publish the Cashier migration files using the vendor:publish Artisan command:

Then, you should run your application's database migrations. The Cashier migrations will create a new customers table. In addition, new subscriptions and subscription_items tables will be created to store all of your customer's subscriptions. Lastly, a new transactions table will be created to store all of the Paddle transactions associated with your customers:

> [!WARNING]
> To ensure Cashier properly handles all Paddle events, remember to set up Cashier's webhook handling.

<a name="paddle-sandbox"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain cashier paddle: Paddle Sandbox

During local and staging development, you should register a Paddle Sandbox account. This account will give you a sandboxed environment to test and develop your applications without making actual payments. You may use Paddle's test card numbers to simulate various payment scenarios.

When using the Paddle Sandbox environment, you should set the PADDLE_SANDBOX environment variable to true within your application's .env file:

After you have finished developing your application you may apply for a Paddle vendor account. Before your application is placed into production, Paddle will need to approve your application's domain.

<a name="configuration"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain collections: Introduction

The Illuminate\Support\Collection class provides a fluent, convenient wrapper for working with arrays of data. For example, check out the following code. We'll use the collect helper to create a new collection instance from the array, run the strtoupper function on each element, and then remove all empty elements:

As you can see, the Collection class allows you to chain its methods to perform fluent mapping and reducing of the underlying array. In general, collections are immutable, meaning every Collection method returns an entirely new Collection instance.

<a name="creating-collections"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain collections: Extending Collections

Collections are "macroable", which allows you to add additional methods to the Collection class at run time. The Illuminate\Support\Collection class' macro method accepts a closure that will be executed when your macro is called. The macro closure may access the collection's other methods via $this, just as if it were a real method of the collection class. For example, the following code adds a toUpper method to the Collection class:

Typically, you should declare collection macros in the boot method of a service provider.

<a name="macro-arguments"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain concurrency: How it Works

Laravel achieves concurrency by serializing the given closures and dispatching them to a hidden Artisan CLI command, which unserializes the closures and invokes it within its own PHP process. After the closure has been invoked, the resulting value is serialized back to the parent process.

The Concurrency facade supports three drivers: process (the default), fork, and sync.

The fork driver offers improved performance compared to the default process driver, but it may only be used within PHP's CLI context, as PHP does not support forking during web requests. Before using the fork driver, you need to install the spatie/fork package:

The sync driver is primarily useful during testing when you want to disable all concurrency and simply execute the given closures in sequence within the parent process.

<a name="running-concurrent-tasks"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain concurrency: Running Concurrent Tasks

To run concurrent tasks, you may invoke the Concurrency facade's run method. The run method accepts an array of closures which should be executed simultaneously in child PHP processes:

To use a specific driver, you may use the driver method:

Or, to change the default concurrency driver, you should publish the concurrency configuration file via the config:publish Artisan command and update the default option within the file:

<a name="deferring-concurrent-tasks"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain configuration: The `about` Command

Laravel can display an overview of your application's configuration, drivers, and environment via the about Artisan command.

If you're only interested in a particular section of the application overview output, you may filter for that section using the --only option:

Or, to explore a specific configuration file's values in detail, you may use the config:show Artisan command:

<a name="environment-configuration"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain configuration: Environment Configuration

It is often helpful to have different configuration values based on the environment where the application is running. For example, you may wish to use a different cache driver locally than you do on your production server.

To make this a cinch, Laravel utilizes the DotEnv PHP library. In a fresh Laravel installation, the root directory of your application will contain a .env.example file that defines many common environment variables. During the Laravel installation process, this file will automatically be copied to .env.

Laravel's default .env file contains some common configuration values that may differ based on whether your application is running locally or on a production web server. These values are then read by the configuration files within the config directory using Laravel's env function.

If you are developing with a team, you may wish to continue including and updating the .env.example file with your application. By putting placeholder values in the example configuration file, other developers on your team can clearly see which environment variables are needed to run your application.

> [!NOTE]
> Any variable in your .env file can be overridden by external environment variables such as server-level or system-level environment variables.

<a name="environment-file-security"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain configuration: Environment File Security

Your .env file should not be committed to your application's source control, since each developer / server using your application could require a different environment configuration. Furthermore, this would be a security risk in the event an intruder gains access to your source control repository, since any sensitive credentials would get exposed.

However, it is possible to encrypt your environment file using Laravel's built-in environment encryption. Encrypted environment files may be placed in source control safely.

<a name="additional-environment-files"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain console tests: Success / Failure Expectations

To get started, let's explore how to make assertions regarding an Artisan command's exit code. To accomplish this, we will use the artisan method to invoke an Artisan command from our test. Then, we will use the assertExitCode method to assert that the command completed with a given exit code:

You may use the assertNotExitCode method to assert that the command did not exit with a given exit code:

Of course, all terminal commands typically exit with a status code of 0 when they are successful and a non-zero exit code when they are not successful. Therefore, for convenience, you may utilize the assertSuccessful and assertFailed assertions to assert that a given command exited with a successful exit code or not:

<a name="input-output-expectations"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain console tests: Input / Output Expectations

Laravel allows you to easily "mock" user input for your console commands using the expectsQuestion method. In addition, you may specify the exit code and text that you expect to be output by the console command using the assertExitCode and expectsOutput methods. For example, consider the following console command:

You may test this command with the following test:

If you are utilizing the search or multisearch functions provided by Laravel Prompts, you may use the expectsSearch assertion to mock the user's input, search results, and selection:

You may also assert that a console command does not generate any output using the doesntExpectOutput method:

The expectsOutputToContain and doesntExpectOutputToContain methods may be used to make assertions against a portion of the output:

<a name="confirmation-expectations"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain container: Service Container

- Introduction
    - Zero Configuration Resolution
    - When to Utilize the Container
- Binding
    - Binding Basics
    - Binding Interfaces to Implementations
    - Contextual Binding
    - Contextual Attributes
    - Binding Primitives
    - Binding Typed Variadics
    - Tagging
    - Extending Bindings
- Resolving
    - The Make Method
    - Automatic Injection
- Method Invocation and Injection
- Container Events
    - Rebinding
- PSR-11

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain container: Introduction

The Laravel service container is a powerful tool for managing class dependencies and performing dependency injection. Dependency injection is a fancy phrase that essentially means this: class dependencies are "injected" into the class via the constructor or, in some cases, "setter" methods.

Let's look at a simple example:

In this example, the PodcastController needs to retrieve podcasts from a data source such as Apple Music. So, we will **inject** a service that is able to retrieve podcasts. Since the service is injected, we are able to easily "mock", or create a dummy implementation of the AppleMusic service when testing our application.

A deep understanding of the Laravel service container is essential to building a powerful, large application, as well as for contributing to the Laravel core itself.

<a name="zero-configuration-resolution"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain container: Zero Configuration Resolution

If a class has no dependencies or only depends on other concrete classes (not interfaces), the container does not need to be instructed on how to resolve that class. For example, you may place the following code in your routes/web.php file:

In this example, hitting your application's / route will automatically resolve the Service class and inject it into your route's handler. This is game changing. It means you can develop your application and take advantage of dependency injection without worrying about bloated configuration files.

Thankfully, many of the classes you will be writing when building a Laravel application automatically receive their dependencies via the container, including controllers, event listeners, middleware, and more. Additionally, you may type-hint dependencies in the handle method of queued jobs. Once you taste the power of automatic and zero configuration dependency injection it feels impossible to develop without it.

<a name="when-to-use-the-container"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain container: When to Utilize the Container

Thanks to zero configuration resolution, you will often type-hint dependencies on routes, controllers, event listeners, and elsewhere without ever manually interacting with the container. For example, you might type-hint the Illuminate\Http\Request object on your route definition so that you can easily access the current request. Even though we never have to interact with the container to write this code, it is managing the injection of these dependencies behind the scenes:

In many cases, thanks to automatic dependency injection and facades, you can build Laravel applications without **ever** manually binding or resolving anything from the container. **So, when would you ever manually interact with the container?** Let's examine two situations.

First, if you write a class that implements an interface and you wish to type-hint that interface on a route or class constructor, you must tell the container how to resolve that interface. Secondly, if you are writing a Laravel package that you plan to share with other Laravel developers, you may need to bind your package's services into the container.

<a name="binding"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain container: Simple Bindings

Almost all of your service container bindings will be registered within service providers, so most of these examples will demonstrate using the container in that context.

Within a service provider, you always have access to the container via the $this->app property. We can register a binding using the bind method, passing the class or interface name that we wish to register along with a closure that returns an instance of the class:

Note that we receive the container itself as an argument to the resolver. We can then use the container to resolve sub-dependencies of the object we are building.

As mentioned, you will typically be interacting with the container within service providers; however, if you would like to interact with the container outside of a service provider, you may do so via the App facade:

You may use the bindIf method to register a container binding only if a binding has not already been registered for the given type:

For convenience, you may omit providing the class or interface name that you wish to register as a separate argument and instead allow Laravel to infer the type from the return type of the closure you provide to the bind method:

> [!NOTE]
> There is no need to bind classes into the container if they do not depend on any interfaces. The container does not need to be instructed on how to build these objects, since it can automatically resolve these objects using reflection.

<a name="binding-a-singleton"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain context: How it Works

The best way to understand Laravel's context capabilities is to see it in action using  the built-in logging features. To get started, you may add information to the context using the Context facade. In this example, we will use a middleware to add the request URL and a unique trace ID to the context on every incoming request:

Information added to the context is automatically appended as metadata to any log entries that are written throughout the request. Appending context as metadata allows information passed to individual log entries to be differentiated from the information shared via Context. For example, imagine we write the following log entry:

The written log will contain the auth_id passed to the log entry, but it will also contain the context's url and trace_id as metadata:

Information added to the context is also made available to jobs dispatched to the queue. For example, imagine we dispatch a ProcessPodcast job to the queue after adding some information to the context:

When the job is dispatched, any information currently stored in the context is captured and shared with the job. The captured information is then hydrated back into the current context while the job is executing. So, if our job's handle method was to write to the log:

The resulting log entry would contain the information that was added to the context during the request that originally dispatched the job:

Although we have focused on the built-in logging related features of Laravel's context, the following documentation will illustrate how context allows you to share information across the HTTP request / queued job boundary and even how to add hidden context data that is not written with log entries.

<a name="capturing-context"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain context: Capturing Context

You may store information in the current context using the Context facade's add method:

To add multiple items at once, you may pass an associative array to the add method:

The add method will override any existing value that shares the same key. If you only wish to add information to the context if the key does not already exist, you may use the addIf method:

Context also provides convenient methods for incrementing or decrementing a given key. Both of these methods accept at least one argument: the key to track. A second argument may be provided to specify the amount by which the key should be incremented or decremented:

<a name="conditional-context"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain contracts: Introduction

Laravel's "contracts" are a set of interfaces that define the core services provided by the framework. For example, an Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Queue contract defines the methods needed for queueing jobs, while the Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailer contract defines the methods needed for sending e-mail.

Each contract has a corresponding implementation provided by the framework. For example, Laravel provides a queue implementation with a variety of drivers, and a mailer implementation that is powered by Symfony Mailer.

All of the Laravel contracts live in their own GitHub repository. This provides a quick reference point for all available contracts, as well as a single, decoupled package that may be utilized when building packages that interact with Laravel services.

<a name="contracts-vs-facades"></a>
[Laravel 12] Explain contracts: Contracts vs. Facades

Laravel's facades and helper functions provide a simple way of utilizing Laravel's services without needing to type-hint and resolve contracts out of the service container. In most cases, each facade has an equivalent contract.

Unlike facades, which do not require you to require them in your class' constructor, contracts allow you to define explicit dependencies for your classes. Some developers prefer to explicitly define their dependencies in this way and therefore prefer to use contracts, while other developers enjoy the convenience of facades. **In general, most applications can use facades without issue during development.**

<a name="when-to-use-contracts"></a>