bhavin-gajjar/laravel-coder-lora-train huggingface dataset:
[Laravel 11] Explain horizon: Environments

After installation, the primary Horizon configuration option that you should familiarize yourself with is the environments configuration option. This configuration option is an array of environments that your application runs on and defines the worker process options for each environment. By default, this entry contains a production and local environment. However, you are free to add more environments as needed:

    'environments' => [
        'production' => [
            'supervisor-1' => [
                'maxProcesses' => 10,
                'balanceMaxShift' => 1,
                'balanceCooldown' => 3,
            ],
        ],

        'local' => [
            'supervisor-1' => [
                'maxProcesses' => 3,
            ],
        ],
    ],

You may also define a wildcard environment (*) which will be used when no other matching environment is found:

    'environments' => [
        // ...

        '*' => [
            'supervisor-1' => [
                'maxProcesses' => 3,
            ],
        ],
    ],

When you start Horizon, it will use the worker process configuration options for the environment that your application is running on. Typically, the environment is determined by the value of the APP_ENV environment variable. For example, the default local Horizon environment is configured to start three worker processes and automatically balance the number of worker processes assigned to each queue. The default production environment is configured to start a maximum of 10 worker processes and automatically balance the number of worker processes assigned to each queue.

> [!WARNING]  
> You should ensure that the environments portion of your horizon configuration file contains an entry for each environment on which you plan to run Horizon.

<a name="supervisors"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain http client: HTTP Client

- Introduction
- Making Requests
    - Request Data
    - Headers
    - Authentication
    - Timeout
    - Retries
    - Error Handling
    - Guzzle Middleware
    - Guzzle Options
- Concurrent Requests
- Macros
- Testing
    - Faking Responses
    - Inspecting Requests
    - Preventing Stray Requests
- Events

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain http client: Making Requests

To make requests, you may use the head, get, post, put, patch, and delete methods provided by the Http facade. First, let's examine how to make a basic GET request to another URL:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;

    $response = Http::get('http://example.com');

The get method returns an instance of Illuminate\Http\Client\Response, which provides a variety of methods that may be used to inspect the response:

    $response->body() : string;
    $response->json($key = null, $default = null) : mixed;
    $response->object() : object;
    $response->collect($key = null) : Illuminate\Support\Collection;
    $response->resource() : resource;
    $response->status() : int;
    $response->successful() : bool;
    $response->redirect(): bool;
    $response->failed() : bool;
    $response->clientError() : bool;
    $response->header($header) : string;
    $response->headers() : array;

The Illuminate\Http\Client\Response object also implements the PHP ArrayAccess interface, allowing you to access JSON response data directly on the response:

    return Http::get('http://example.com/users/1')['name'];

In addition to the response methods listed above, the following methods may be used to determine if the response has a given status code:

    $response->ok() : bool;                  // 200 OK
    $response->created() : bool;             // 201 Created
    $response->accepted() : bool;            // 202 Accepted
    $response->noContent() : bool;           // 204 No Content
    $response->movedPermanently() : bool;    // 301 Moved Permanently
    $response->found() : bool;               // 302 Found
    $response->badRequest() : bool;          // 400 Bad Request
    $response->unauthorized() : bool;        // 401 Unauthorized
    $response->paymentRequired() : bool;     // 402 Payment Required
    $response->forbidden() : bool;           // 403 Forbidden
    $response->notFound() : bool;            // 404 Not Found
    $response->requestTimeout() : bool;      // 408
[Laravel 11] Explain http tests: HTTP Tests

- Introduction
- Making Requests
    - Customizing Request Headers
    - Cookies
    - Session / Authentication
    - Debugging Responses
    - Exception Handling
- Testing JSON APIs
    - Fluent JSON Testing
- Testing File Uploads
- Testing Views
    - Rendering Blade and Components
- Available Assertions
    - Response Assertions
    - Authentication Assertions
    - Validation Assertions

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain http tests: Introduction

Laravel provides a very fluent API for making HTTP requests to your application and examining the responses. For example, take a look at the feature test defined below:

The get method makes a GET request into the application, while the assertStatus method asserts that the returned response should have the given HTTP status code. In addition to this simple assertion, Laravel also contains a variety of assertions for inspecting the response headers, content, JSON structure, and more.

<a name="making-requests"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain http tests: Making Requests

To make a request to your application, you may invoke the get, post, put, patch, or delete methods within your test. These methods do not actually issue a "real" HTTP request to your application. Instead, the entire network request is simulated internally.

Instead of returning an Illuminate\Http\Response instance, test request methods return an instance of Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse, which provides a variety of helpful assertions that allow you to inspect your application's responses:

In general, each of your tests should only make one request to your application. Unexpected behavior may occur if multiple requests are executed within a single test method.

> [!NOTE]  
> For convenience, the CSRF middleware is automatically disabled when running tests.

<a name="customizing-request-headers"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain installation: Installation

- Meet Laravel
    - Why Laravel?
- Creating a Laravel Application
    - Installing PHP and the Laravel Installer
    - Creating an Application
- Initial Configuration
    - Environment Based Configuration
    - Databases and Migrations
    - Directory Configuration
- Local Installation Using Herd
    - Herd on macOS
    - Herd on Windows
- Docker Installation Using Sail
    - Sail on macOS
    - Sail on Windows
    - Sail on Linux
    - Choosing Your Sail Services
- IDE Support
- Laravel and AI
    - Installing Laravel Boost
- Next Steps
    - Laravel the Full Stack Framework
    - Laravel the API Backend

<a name="meet-laravel"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain installation: Meet Laravel

Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. A web framework provides a structure and starting point for creating your application, allowing you to focus on creating something amazing while we sweat the details.

Laravel strives to provide an amazing developer experience while providing powerful features such as thorough dependency injection, an expressive database abstraction layer, queues and scheduled jobs, unit and integration testing, and more.

Whether you are new to PHP web frameworks or have years of experience, Laravel is a framework that can grow with you. We'll help you take your first steps as a web developer or give you a boost as you take your expertise to the next level. We can't wait to see what you build.

> [!NOTE]  
> New to Laravel? Check out the Laravel Bootcamp for a hands-on tour of the framework while we walk you through building your first Laravel application.

<a name="why-laravel"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain installation: A Progressive Framework

We like to call Laravel a "progressive" framework. By that, we mean that Laravel grows with you. If you're just taking your first steps into web development, Laravel's vast library of documentation, guides, and video tutorials will help you learn the ropes without becoming overwhelmed.

If you're a senior developer, Laravel gives you robust tools for dependency injection, unit testing, queues, real-time events, and more. Laravel is fine-tuned for building professional web applications and ready to handle enterprise work loads.
[Laravel 11] Explain installation: A Scalable Framework

Laravel is incredibly scalable. Thanks to the scaling-friendly nature of PHP and Laravel's built-in support for fast, distributed cache systems like Redis, horizontal scaling with Laravel is a breeze. In fact, Laravel applications have been easily scaled to handle hundreds of millions of requests per month.

Need extreme scaling? Platforms like Laravel Vapor allow you to run your Laravel application at nearly limitless scale on AWS's latest serverless technology.
[Laravel 11] Explain lifecycle: Introduction

When using any tool in the "real world", you feel more confident if you understand how that tool works. Application development is no different. When you understand how your development tools function, you feel more comfortable and confident using them.

The goal of this document is to give you a good, high-level overview of how the Laravel framework works. By getting to know the overall framework better, everything feels less "magical" and you will be more confident building your applications. If you don't understand all of the terms right away, don't lose heart! Just try to get a basic grasp of what is going on, and your knowledge will grow as you explore other sections of the documentation.

<a name="lifecycle-overview"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain lifecycle: First Steps

The entry point for all requests to a Laravel application is the public/index.php file. All requests are directed to this file by your web server (Apache / Nginx) configuration. The index.php file doesn't contain much code. Rather, it is a starting point for loading the rest of the framework.

The index.php file loads the Composer generated autoloader definition, and then retrieves an instance of the Laravel application from bootstrap/app.php. The first action taken by Laravel itself is to create an instance of the application / service container.

<a name="http-console-kernels"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain lifecycle: HTTP / Console Kernels

Next, the incoming request is sent to either the HTTP kernel or the console kernel, using the handleRequest or handleCommand methods of the application instance, depending on the type of request entering the application. These two kernels serve as the central location through which all requests flow. For now, let's just focus on the HTTP kernel, which is an instance of Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel.

The HTTP kernel defines an array of bootstrappers that will be run before the request is executed. These bootstrappers configure error handling, configure logging, detect the application environment, and perform other tasks that need to be done before the request is actually handled. Typically, these classes handle internal Laravel configuration that you do not need to worry about.

The HTTP kernel is also responsible for passing the request through the application's middleware stack. These middleware handle reading and writing the HTTP session, determining if the application is in maintenance mode, verifying the CSRF token, and more. We'll talk more about these soon.

The method signature for the HTTP kernel's handle method is quite simple: it receives a Request and returns a Response. Think of the kernel as being a big black box that represents your entire application. Feed it HTTP requests and it will return HTTP responses.

<a name="service-providers"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain lifecycle: Service Providers

One of the most important kernel bootstrapping actions is loading the service providers for your application. Service providers are responsible for bootstrapping all of the framework's various components, such as the database, queue, validation, and routing components.

Laravel will iterate through this list of providers and instantiate each of them. After instantiating the providers, the register method will be called on all of the providers. Then, once all of the providers have been registered, the boot method will be called on each provider. This is so service providers may depend on every container binding being registered and available by the time their boot method is executed.

Essentially every major feature offered by Laravel is bootstrapped and configured by a service provider. Since they bootstrap and configure so many features offered by the framework, service providers are the most important aspect of the entire Laravel bootstrap process.

While the framework internally uses dozens of service providers, you also have the option to create your own. You can find a list of the user-defined or third-party service providers that your application is using in the bootstrap/providers.php file.

<a name="routing"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain localization: Localization

- Introduction
    - Publishing the Language Files
    - Configuring the Locale
    - Pluralization Language
- Defining Translation Strings
    - Using Short Keys
    - Using Translation Strings as Keys
- Retrieving Translation Strings
    - Replacing Parameters in Translation Strings
    - Pluralization
- Overriding Package Language Files

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain localization: Introduction

> [!NOTE]  
> By default, the Laravel application skeleton does not include the lang directory. If you would like to customize Laravel's language files, you may publish them via the lang:publish Artisan command.

Laravel's localization features provide a convenient way to retrieve strings in various languages, allowing you to easily support multiple languages within your application.

Laravel provides two ways to manage translation strings. First, language strings may be stored in files within the application's lang directory. Within this directory, there may be subdirectories for each language supported by the application. This is the approach Laravel uses to manage translation strings for built-in Laravel features such as validation error messages:

    /lang
        /en
            messages.php
        /es
            messages.php

Or, translation strings may be defined within JSON files that are placed within the lang directory. When taking this approach, each language supported by your application would have a corresponding JSON file within this directory. This approach is recommended for applications that have a large number of translatable strings:

    /lang
        en.json
        es.json

We'll discuss each approach to managing translation strings within this documentation.

<a name="publishing-the-language-files"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain localization: Configuring the Locale

The default language for your application is stored in the config/app.php configuration file's locale configuration option, which is typically set using the APP_LOCALE environment variable. You are free to modify this value to suit the needs of your application.

You may also configure a "fallback language", which will be used when the default language does not contain a given translation string. Like the default language, the fallback language is also configured in the config/app.php configuration file, and its value is typically set using the APP_FALLBACK_LOCALE environment variable.

You may modify the default language for a single HTTP request at runtime using the setLocale method provided by the App facade:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\App;

    Route::get('/greeting/{locale}', function (string $locale) {
        if (! in_array($locale, ['en', 'es', 'fr'])) {
            abort(400);
        }

        App::setLocale($locale);

        // ...
    });

<a name="determining-the-current-locale"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain localization: Determining the Current Locale

You may use the currentLocale and isLocale methods on the App facade to determine the current locale or check if the locale is a given value:

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\App;

    $locale = App::currentLocale();

    if (App::isLocale('en')) {
        // ...
    }

<a name="pluralization-language"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain logging: Logging

- Introduction
- Configuration
    - Available Channel Drivers
    - Channel Prerequisites
    - Logging Deprecation Warnings
- Building Log Stacks
- Writing Log Messages
    - Contextual Information
    - Writing to Specific Channels
- Monolog Channel Customization
    - Customizing Monolog for Channels
    - Creating Monolog Handler Channels
    - Creating Custom Channels via Factories
- Tailing Log Messages Using Pail
    - Installation
    - Usage
    - Filtering Logs

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain logging: Introduction

To help you learn more about what's happening within your application, Laravel provides robust logging services that allow you to log messages to files, the system error log, and even to Slack to notify your entire team.

Laravel logging is based on "channels". Each channel represents a specific way of writing log information. For example, the single channel writes log files to a single log file, while the slack channel sends log messages to Slack. Log messages may be written to multiple channels based on their severity.

Under the hood, Laravel utilizes the Monolog library, which provides support for a variety of powerful log handlers. Laravel makes it a cinch to configure these handlers, allowing you to mix and match them to customize your application's log handling.

<a name="configuration"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain logging: Configuration

All of the configuration options that control your application's logging behavior are housed in the config/logging.php configuration file. This file allows you to configure your application's log channels, so be sure to review each of the available channels and their options. We'll review a few common options below.

By default, Laravel will use the stack channel when logging messages. The stack channel is used to aggregate multiple log channels into a single channel. For more information on building stacks, check out the documentation below.

<a name="available-channel-drivers"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain logging: Available Channel Drivers

Each log channel is powered by a "driver". The driver determines how and where the log message is actually recorded. The following log channel drivers are available in every Laravel application. An entry for most of these drivers is already present in your application's config/logging.php configuration file, so be sure to review this file to become familiar with its contents:

<div class="overflow-auto">

| Name         | Description                                                          |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| custom     | A driver that calls a specified factory to create a channel.         |
| daily      | A RotatingFileHandler based Monolog driver which rotates daily.    |
| errorlog   | An ErrorLogHandler based Monolog driver.                           |
| monolog    | A Monolog factory driver that may use any supported Monolog handler. |
| papertrail | A SyslogUdpHandler based Monolog driver.                           |
| single     | A single file or path based logger channel (StreamHandler).        |
| slack      | A SlackWebhookHandler based Monolog driver.                        |
| stack      | A wrapper to facilitate creating "multi-channel" channels.           |
| syslog     | A SyslogHandler based Monolog driver.                              |

</div>

> [!NOTE]  
> Check out the documentation on advanced channel customization to learn more about the monolog and custom drivers.

<a name="configuring-the-channel-name"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain logging: Configuring the Channel Name

By default, Monolog is instantiated with a "channel name" that matches the current environment, such as production or local. To change this value, you may add a name option to your channel's configuration:

    'stack' => [
        'driver' => 'stack',
        'name' => 'channel-name',
        'channels' => ['single', 'slack'],
    ],

<a name="channel-prerequisites"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain mail: Mail

- Introduction
    - Configuration
    - Driver Prerequisites
    - Failover Configuration
    - Round Robin Configuration
- Generating Mailables
- Writing Mailables
    - Configuring the Sender
    - Configuring the View
    - View Data
    - Attachments
    - Inline Attachments
    - Attachable Objects
    - Headers
    - Tags and Metadata
    - Customizing the Symfony Message
- Markdown Mailables
    - Generating Markdown Mailables
    - Writing Markdown Messages
    - Customizing the Components
- Sending Mail
    - Queueing Mail
- Rendering Mailables
    - Previewing Mailables in the Browser
- Localizing Mailables
- Testing
    - Testing Mailable Content
    - Testing Mailable Sending
- Mail and Local Development
- Events
- Custom Transports
    - Additional Symfony Transports

<a name="introduction"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain mail: Introduction

Sending email doesn't have to be complicated. Laravel provides a clean, simple email API powered by the popular Symfony Mailer component. Laravel and Symfony Mailer provide drivers for sending email via SMTP, Mailgun, Postmark, Resend, Amazon SES, and sendmail, allowing you to quickly get started sending mail through a local or cloud based service of your choice.

<a name="configuration"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain mail: Configuration

Laravel's email services may be configured via your application's config/mail.php configuration file. Each mailer configured within this file may have its own unique configuration and even its own unique "transport", allowing your application to use different email services to send certain email messages. For example, your application might use Postmark to send transactional emails while using Amazon SES to send bulk emails.

Within your mail configuration file, you will find a mailers configuration array. This array contains a sample configuration entry for each of the major mail drivers / transports supported by Laravel, while the default configuration value determines which mailer will be used by default when your application needs to send an email message.

<a name="driver-prerequisites"></a>
[Laravel 11] Explain mail: Mailgun Driver

To use the Mailgun driver, install Symfony's Mailgun Mailer transport via Composer:

Next, you will need to make two changes in your application's config/mail.php configuration file. First, set your default mailer to mailgun:

    'default' => env('MAIL_MAILER', 'mailgun'),

Second, add the following configuration array to your array of mailers:

    'mailgun' => [
        'transport' => 'mailgun',
        // 'client' => [
        //     'timeout' => 5,
        // ],
    ],

After configuring your application's default mailer, add the following options to your config/services.php configuration file:

    'mailgun' => [
        'domain' => env('MAILGUN_DOMAIN'),
        'secret' => env('MAILGUN_SECRET'),
        'endpoint' => env('MAILGUN_ENDPOINT', 'api.mailgun.net'),
        'scheme' => 'https',
    ],

If you are not using the United States Mailgun region, you may define your region's endpoint in the services configuration file:

    'mailgun' => [
        'domain' => env('MAILGUN_DOMAIN'),
        'secret' => env('MAILGUN_SECRET'),
        'endpoint' => env('MAILGUN_ENDPOINT', 'api.eu.mailgun.net'),
        'scheme' => 'https',
    ],

<a name="postmark-driver"></a>