FY 1992/93

A YEAR IN REVIEW

BHADRA, 2050 (AUGUST 1993) )
DURBAR MARG, KATHMANDU §

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FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

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A Highlights

4&4 Chairman's Message
A BoardofDirectors।
A Organizational Chart
4 Directors-in-Chief

A Director

A Project Highlights। A ProjectHighlights 19
4 Project Studies

@ BalanceSheet २6

A Profit & Loss Statement

A Statistics

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cE 92/93 :A Year in Review

FY 92/93 : A Year In zi

Highlights of 1992/93

Description 1993* 1992** Increase/Decrease
Amount Percent

28.42
25.62
127.90

1,477.4
1,436.9
40.5

1,897.3
1,805.0
92.3

Total Revenue (M. NRs)
Net Sale of Electricity (M. NRs)
Income from Other Services (M. NRs)

Operating Expenses,

Including Depreciation (M. NRs) 2,062.2 1,639.0 25.82

Depreciation (M. NRs) ++ 1,054.9 959.0 10.00
Net Income, after interest befor tax (M. NRs) (99.2) (118.2) (16.07)
Interest on Long-Terms Loans (M. NRs) 641.7 575.6 11.48

14.46
5.00

10,635.2
23,178.0

Long-Term Loans (M. NRs)
Net Fixed Assets (M. NRs)

12,173.75
24,336.8

Number of Customers 3,91,000 3,55,953 35,047 9.85
Total Sales Of Electricity (GWh) 733.754 737.352 (3.598) (0.48)
Internal Sale (GWh) 674.434 651.941 22.493 3.45

1724.9
2.51

1831.35
1.98

(106.45)
0.53

(5.81)
26.77

SURE SOR ASP RAE SRY NN RES

Average Customer's Consumption (KWh)*
Average Price Of Electricity (NRs/KWh)t

Peak Load Interconnected System (MW) 214.04 216.00 (1.96) (0.91)

Total Available Electric Energy (GWh) 963.314। 981.105। (17.791) (1.81)
Hydoro Generation (GWh) 804.050। 869.980 (65.93) (7.58)
Purchased Energy (GWh) 111.974] 79.585 32.389 40.70
Exported Energy (GWh) 59.320। 85.411। (26.091)। (30.55)

Thermal (GWh) 47.290 31.540 15.75 49.94

eel

Note:

Sate

* Figures for 1993 are provisional.

"* Figures for 1992 are subject to audit.
+ Internal

++ On revalued assets

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Message

From The Chairman

It gives me great satisfaction to note that on Bhadra 1, 2050, Nepal Electricity
Authority will complete eight years of active operations and enter into the ninth
year. Over this relatively short period of time, NEA has endeavoured to structure
itself into an institution oriented towards self-sustainable commercial operations
and also meeting social obligations in the nation's interests.

During the past year, NEA has been compelled to resort to power cuts owing to
deficits in its generation vis-a-vis the demand. This situation has been aggravated
by the breakdown of the Kulekhani hydel plants. It is indeed regretful that sucha
situation should arise in a country endowed with immense water resources -a great
portion of which can be exploited for generation of hydropower. But such a
situation unfortunately has arisen owing to NEA's lack of adequate financial
resources to undertake its own investment plans. Although the Donor community
and multi-lateral agencies are helping HMGand NEA inimplementing itsinvestment
plans, implementation has been slow owing to the time required to arrange finance
through a consortium of banks and bilateral donors.

To assist in the accelerated development of the power sector, the Government has
introduced the Water Resource Development Policy which encourages the private
sector to undertake generation, transmission and distribution of electricity within
the country. Private enterpreneurship is particularly anticipated to participate in
smalland mid-sized projects. The interest shown so far has been encouraging. These
activities will hopefully complement and interface with the efforts made by NEA.
To this end, NEA is cooperating with the private sector to develop the Khimti and
Modi Khola hydropower projects.

To provide autonomy within NEA as stipulated in the Act, a greater degree of
participation of the private sector management has been introduced by reconstituting
the NEA Board. In fulfilling the responsibilities of meeting the growing future needs
of power, NEA is making necessary efforts to attain greater financial and operational
efficiency and capability with a view to launch smalland medium hydro projects on
its Own initiative.

NEA does have its constraints and difficulties which have been aggravated by its
share of natural calamities and unfavourable hydrological conditions. The brave
attempts made by all levels of staff within NEA to identify theproblems associated
with the breakdown of the Kulekhani power generation owing to the damageto the
penstock pipe at Jurikhet Khola and on the intake structure at Mandu and in trying
to rehabilitate the same within minimum time is well appreciated. I am confident
that NEA will take the necessary steps to end the regime of load shedding and
contribute to development.

To conclude, I wish to thank the Members of the NEA Board and the Management
and Staff of the NEA for the dedication they have shown in their work. This will
evidently see NEA heading towards success and prosperity in the near future.

हू
Dtjlimive
( Laxman Prasad Ghimire )

Minister of State for Water Resources; and
thority

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Board of 3

Chairman
Mr LP. Ghimire
Hon'ble Minister of State
Water Resources

2220-09-20: NN:

Mr Him

Dr. T.N. Pant Mr S.N. Upadhyay alaya S.J.B. Ra
Secretary Act. Secretary Chairman
Ministry of Finance Ministry of Water Resources Himalaya Bank

ee
SPE RON PD Me

Mr S.N. Pradhan Dr. T.P. Pokharel
Advisor . Programme Director Member

NPC Redd Barna ७ RONAST

ERATE

Member Secretary
Mr Ajit N.S. Thapa
Managing Director, NEA

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FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Directors

Dr. M.R. Tuladhar MrB.B. Malla  MrM.P.Upadhyay Mr M.P. Pyakuryal Mr M.R. Upadhyay Mr S.P. Upadhyay
Technical Services Seventh Power Bagamati Region Central & Eastern Western Region Commercial
Project Region

MrO.M.S.Swar MrR.K. Bajracharya Mr R.P. Shah Mr J.N. Nayak MrB.R. Shrestha Mr G.B. Shrestha
Corporate Planning System Planning Monitoring & Gen. Cons. Trans. Cons Trisuli. Devighat
Evaluation

Mr Govinda K.C. Mr D.B. Thapa Dr. N. Kapali Mr P.M.S. Pradhan Mr J.K. Pradhan Mr S.B. Shrestha
Kulekhani Project Investigation Project Preparation Design Hydro. Gen. System Control

Mr B.C. Thakurl Mr A.P. Rijal Mr M.S. Budlyal Mr P.N. Sharma Mr Bidur K.C. Mr G.P. Rajbahak
Transmission Grid Thermal Gen. Small Hydro. R.E. Directorate Administration Finance

Mr D.R. Bhattarai Mr V.N. Upreti Mr A.B. Chhetri
Human Resources Secretariat Internal Audit

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Managing : Report

ङ् Introduction

A month after the closing of the financial year, the first day of the month of Bhadra
commemorates the day of establishment of NEA. On this auspicious day of Bhadra
1, 2050, it gives me great pleasure to usher in the new year that will mark the ninth
year for NEA and alsotoreporton its activities for the Financial Year 2049/50 (1992/
93). .

छ Institutional Building For the largest government enterprise in Nepal, a period of eight years in its history
is a relatively short period to achieve its full potential. Over the past, NEA has spent
its initial years building an infrastructure for its institution and creating a corporate
identity of its own. NEA is committed to improve the productivity of its human
resources, enhance its operational efficiency and strengthen its financial capabilities
to enableit to execute the magnitude of investment which it must undertake to meet

the rising demands of its consumers.

v Aims and Strategy Primarily, the past year's efforts have been directed to define its generation option
to meet forecasted demands. Secondly, the efforts have been directed to mould NEA
into an institution that can effectively handle the technical and financial challenges
by, among others, emphasizing human resource development.

Ingeneration planning, NEA hasattempted to fix its long-term, mid-term and short-
term plans. The short-term options were identified as medium sized hydropower
projects (5-50 MW) such as the Modi Khola, Bhote Koshi, Puwa and the Khimti
Projects along with some thermal generation with their relatively short gestation
period and peaking capabilities - this strategy being aimed to alleviate current
generation deficits and the resulting power cuts. Participation of the private sector
was identified asa catalyst in the attainment of these goals and has been encouraged
by HMG's favourable Act on Water Resource Development Act and Electricity Act.
The mid-term option has been identified as hydropower generation suchas the Kali
Gandaki "A" slated for completion before the turn of the century. The long-term
option would essentially bethe first phase of 201 MWofthe402 MW Arunlll coming
into line soon after. ७

In the area of institutional strengthening, we have endeavoured to streamline
NEA's financial administration and commencethe restructuring of NEA to respond
tothechanging needs. Also tostrengthen its capacity to undertake rural electrification
and thus support national and socio-economic development, a new Rural
Electrification Directorate was created and has started to function actively.
Furthermore, in order to operateisolated hydro units ona self-sustaining basis NEA
will persue a policy of leasing the management of such projects to the private sector
wherever feasible on a selective basis.

In our management techniques, we have attempted to introduce openness in
communication and participative decision making. We have also commenced to
orient the institution along commercial direction so that its financial sustainability
is assured. Steps are being taken to end the anomaly of the temporary and daily-
wage staff and retain only permanent staff in the future.

छ 92/93 : A Year In Review

iF Challenges While grappling with these important issues, NEA has had to face further
impediments. Nature has not been favourable and has created additional obstacles
in the form of natural calamities and unpredicted hydrological conditions. The
hydropower projects of Kulekhani I and II faced the brunt of these hardships with
the low rainfall of the previous year resulting in unusually low reservoir water
levels during the pre-monsoon days. However, this year heavy monsoon flash
floods have washed away the penstock pipe and damaged the intake structure of
Kulekhani II resulting in the total loss of generation and substantial revenue.
Although burdened to a considerable extent, NEA has continued to pursue the
strategy outlined above with undeterred determination.

V_ Performance In the following paragraphs I wish to present a summary of NEA's performance
during the financial year 1992/93. I believe theother sections of this Review will give
greater depth of information on NEA's activities :

* Generated and Purchased Energy

The past year saw a deficit in generated energy in comparison to the demand
necessitating load shedding measures leading to a decrease in total energy sales. The
deficit was further aggravated by the poor monsoon and resulting low water level
in the Kulekhani reservoir leading to reduced energy generating capability of
Kulekhani I & II Hydro Power Stations. The electric energy production capability of
other hydroelectric power plants were also generally reduced due to unsually dry
hydrological conditions.

The electrical energy available for use within Nepal totalled 963.314 GWh which

was a decrease of 17.791 GWh (1.81 percent) from the previous year's figure of
981.105 GWh. This comprised of 804.050 GWh (83.47 percent) obtained from NEA
hydro generation and 47.290 GWh (4.91 percent) obtained from NEA thermal
generation. A total of 111.974 GWh was purchased from other utilities comprising
of 82.223 GWh (8.53 percent) purchased from electrical utilities in India and 29.751
GWh (3.09 percent) from Butwal Power Company in the Nepalese private sector.

The system peak of the interconnected system was recorded at 214.04 MW which is
less than that of the previous year by 2 MW implying a decrease of 0.91 percent
which was predictable from the load shedding during peak demand hours of
winter.

५ Electricity Sales

Electricity sales which totalled 733.754 GWh wasa decrease of about 3.598 GWh (0.5
percent) over last year's sales. Internal sales within Nepal increased to 674.434 GWh
and accounted for 91.92 percent of the total sales and registered an increase of 22.493
GWh (3.45 percent) over the last year's figures. Exports to India, however, decreased
to 59.320 GWh, which is 26.09 GWh (30.55 percent) lower than that of the previous
year.

¢ Consumers

Over the past financial year, the number of new consumers grew by 35047 or 9.85
percent, over last year, to reach a total of 391,000. Domestic consumers represented
95.13 percent of NEA consumers and accounted for 39.88 percent of internal sales
with 36.42 percent of internal revenue. The industrial consumers formed only 2.45
percent of the total number but consumed 40.03 percent of internal sales and
accounted for 37.22 percent of internal revenue. Commercial and non-commercial
categories constituted 2.01 percent of the consumers.

9

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

© = Performance

NEA's total revenue of NRs 1897.3 million incorporated an increase of about NRs
419.9 million, or 28.42 percent over the previous year's figure. The growth in
revenue was also the result of the overall tariff increase effective from the billing for
the month of Chaitra 2049 (March 14, 1993).

NEA'soperating expenses, including depreciation on revalued assets, was estimated
to be NRs 2062.2 million registering an increase of about NRs. 423.2 million (25.82
percent) over the previous year. The operating deficit for the year 1991/92 showed
a loss of about NRs 806.6 million.

The interest on long-term loans amounted to NRs 641.7 million and transfer from
revaluation surplus was NRs 707.4 million. The resulting net loss is estimated to be
NRs 99.20 million, in spite of the tariff increase.

% Assets

NEA's net fixed assets, after revaluation, were estimated to be NRs 24,336.8 million
registering an increase of about NRs 1158.8 million or 5 percent of the previous
year's assets.

~ Investment

NEA's total investment on capital expenditure through self-financing for the year
in review was estimated at NRs 320.88 million. Apart from this, about NRs 2309.6
million was financed by HMG.
५ Audit

Audits for the fiscal years 1989/90 and 1990/91 were completed during the past year
and the audit of fiscal year 1991/92 is ongoing.

V_ Development Activities The past year saw the continuation of development works intended to extend
NEA's infrastructure to meet forecasted growth. A number of projects in the
transmission and distribution sectors were completed and inaugurated. Notable
among these was the Nepalgunj-Mahendranagar 132 kV Transmission Line Project
which was inaugurated by the Rt. Hon. Prime Minister Mr. G.P.Koirala. The
Pokhara Rural Electrification Project was likewise completed and inaugurated by
Hon. Minister of State for Water Resources, Mr. L.P.Ghimire.

In the generation sector, the year saw the test commissioning of the 600 kW isolated
Namche Small Hydropower Project which has been in a stage of construction for
extended number of years - the initial construction having been washed away by a
flash flood in 1985. The Namche SHPP was financed With grant assistance from the
Austrian Government and it is envisaged that the project will operate along
community owernship lines.

Projects commencing construction included the Power Sector Efficiency Project
(PSEP) undertaken with financing from the World Bankand the Nordic Development
Fund. Major components of the PSEP include the rehabilitation of the Trishuli-
Devighat HEP and the Kathmandu Valley HV Network. Similarly, detailed design
works were completed and procurement commenced with the ADB assisted
Seventh Power Project. Construction works were also well under way with the
Disaster Prevention Works in Kulekhani HEP which is financed by OECF, Japan.

The past year saw positive moves from the Donor Community for the financing of
the first stage of the 402 MW Arun III HEP. After a successful meeting of the Donors
in Paris in December 1992, a joint Donor pre-appraisal was held in Kathmandu in
June 1993 to be followed by an appraisal mission in early September 1993. Loan

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

negotiations are expected in October/November 1993, followed by IDA and ADB
Board presentation in December 1993 and KfW financing approval scheduled for
February 1994. Prior to approval of financing from the Donors, tenders for the
construction of the access road and civil works of Lot C1/C3 of Arun गा HEP have
since been received and are being evaluated.

In preparation for implementation in thenear future, engineering studies conducted
during the past year included the detailed design of the 14 MW Modi Khola HEP,
and the feasibility study of the 36 MW Bhote Koshi HEP. Detailed engineering
design of the Kali Gandaki 'A' HEP with an enhanced capacity of 140 MW wasalso
completed and presented to the Panel of Experts who recommended the project for
implementation with some engineering modifications.

V_ Outlok for the It is hoped that the new year will see the commencement or definite solutions to
Coming Years NEA's investment plans for its short-term, mid-term and long-term generation
projects. More specifically, we hope to see the commencement ofa numberof private
sector ventures in hydro-generation such asthe Khimti and the Modi Khola. Last but
not the least, we also hope to see the commencement of the construction of the long

awaited Arun III HEP project and Kali Gandaki "A".

In the operation and maintenance front, financial year 1993/94 casts a somewhat
sombre picture with the breakdown of the Kulekhani I and II HEPs owing to the
destruction of the penstock pipe caused by heavy monsoon flash floods. But NEA's
response to the challenge has been prompt and extremely encouraging and NEA
hope to have the projects in operation by December 1993. We are hopeful that NEA
will continue to be successful in its quest to provide a high level of service to its
consumers in an efficient, timely and responsible manner.

V Acknowledgement In-conclusion, on behalf of the Staff and Management of NEA I wish to thank His
Majesty's Government for their encouragement and assistance in the running of
NEA and the Board of NEA for their continued guidance and support. Thanks are
also directed to the Donor countries and financing institutions for their continued
goodwill and support. We also owe a special debt to our valued customers for their
sympathy and understanding during our hours of trials and tribulations.

Finally, I wish to end this Report with a note of thanks to all members of the
Management and Staff of NEA for diligently carrying out their duties at their own
levels and making possible to complete another year in the history of NEA with the
conviction that weare heading in the right direction to greater heights of achivement.

(Ajit N.S. Thapa)
Managing Director
Nepal Electricity Authority

11

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

12

Introduction

Created in August 1985 with the responsibility to
undertake all planning, construction, operations and
maintenance of electrical services such as generation and
transmission and distribution throughout the nation, the
Nepal Electricity Authority completes its eight year of
active operations and now commences its ninth year।
operations on Bhadra 1, 2050 (August 17, 1993).
Increasingly affiliated with all walks of the Nepalese life
and economy, the Nepal Electricity Authority maintains
its status as the largest government undertaking in terms
of human resources, capital investment and assets.

In retrospect, the year 1992/93 that has passed saw the
pressures of consumer demands and the acute need for
added generation bring about a marked transformation
of NEA from a fledging utility to one manifesting
increasing maturity ina strongly competitive world. To
add to its challenges, this transformation has had to occur
in the environs of meagre internal resources and the
looming prospects of increasing generation deficits.

Asa measure to alleviate the problems arising from load
shedding, NEA has initiated a programme of energy
conservation through public awareness campaigns. The
co-operation of the customers is eagerly anticipated to
make this a success.

The year also saw NEA consolid ating its rolein the power
sectorand adjusting itself with the policies of His Majesty's
Government which saw increasing role of the private

sector in the effective development of the power sector.

The functioning of NEA was further defined by the
amendment to the NEA Act. Amendments made
witnessed the trend towards greater participation of the
private sector in the NEA Board and thereby in its
functioning, and greater delegation of authority to operate
independently.

Despite the apparent constraints, the year FY 1992/93
was a year which saw, within NEA, the advent of a new
openness in communication, dynamism in functioning,
strengthening of institutional strategy and an entry into
commercial orientation.

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Sectoral Review

@ The NEA Board

A streamlined organisation and dynamic administration
procedures are the requisites for the improved efficiency
and greater productivity from NEA personnel. The past
year saw milestone events directed towards this direction.
Organisational changes relating to the constitution ofthe
NEA Board were part of the amendment of the NEA Act
promulgated on October 22, 1992. The NEA Board
occupancy is now as follows :

The Minister /State Minister of Water : Chairman
Resources or Person appointed by HMG

Secretary, Ministry of Finance : Member
of excess staff and is a step towards improving staff
Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources : Member productivity.
Two prominent persons from the : Members,
commerce or industry sector ७ Finance। sector country's highest capital investment, it is essential that its
financial administration is geared to bring about the desired
Managing Director, NEA : Member- level of capability and efficiency to undertake the extensive
Secretary investment. A number of positive steps were taken d uring

the past financial year to streamline NEA's financial

administration. Two organisational moves included the
७ NEA Administration amalgamation of the Revenue Division into the Finance
mainstream and the channelising of on-lending and
financing from HMG into NEA activities through NEA's
Finance Department. These adjustments are expected to
make it possible to monitor and control finances within
NEA and thereby improve performance and decision
making. °

NEA also saw significant changes in its management
with the appointment of the present Managing Director
on November 20, 1992. Additional changes were made
among the senior level staffand deliberations commenced
on the restructuring of NEA followed by the
establishment of two additional Directorates for Rural
Electrification and the Arun II] HEP towards the end of
the financial year.

The past year also saw the commencement of steps to
formulate a new set of Rules.and Regulations for more
dynamic personnel administration within NEA. To
further enhance personnel administration, steps were
taken to prepare a computerised Personnel Data Base
(PDB) as part of the Twinning activities with EDF
International.

During the year in review concrete steps were taken to
fill in vacant permanent posts and end the anomaly
arising from the large number of temporary and daily
wagestaff. This in effect has also resulted in thereduction

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

A noteworthy achievement of the past year was the
reconciliation of accounts with HMG which concluded
with HMG paying NRs 129.0 million to NEA. The
collection of sales revenue from Branch Offices of
Kathmandu East and West, Patan, Biratnagar and Birgunj
was also expedited through agreements with national
commercial banks whereby they would undertake the
collection of daily sales and have it transferred weekly to
an on-call deposit account in the same Bank with interest
given to NEA on the basis of term deposits.

Talks on inter-utility power exchange held between the
delegates of Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB) and
NEA held at Patna in the month of December 1992, also
proved beneficial with BSEB clearing up their import
dues to the tune of Rs 50 million (Indian Currency) with
assurance that regular payments will be made in future.

Sales which totalled 733. 754 GWh was a decrease of
about 0.5 percent over last year. However, internal sales
increased to 674.434 GWh and registered an increase of
3.45 percent. Exports to India, however, decreased to
59.320 GWh, which is 30.55 percent lower than that of the
previous year. NEA'stotal revenue of NRs 1897.3 million
saw an increase of 28.42 percent over the previous year's
figure. Theaccounts receivables madea very encouraging
improvement from last year's figure of 4 months sales to
3.1 months sales.

NEA's operating expenses, including depreciation on
revalued assets, was estimated to be NRs 2062.2 million
an increase of 25.82 percent over the previous year. The
operating deficit for the year 1992/93 showed a loss of
about NRs 806.6 million. The interest on long-term loans
amounted to NRs 641.7 million and transfer from
revaluation surplus was NRs 707.4 million. The resulting
net loss is estimated to be NRs 99.20 million.

NEA's net fixed assets, after revaluation, were estimated
to be NRs 24,336.8 million registering an increase of 5
percent over the previous year. NEA's investment
capital expenditurethrough self-financing wasestimated
at NRs 320.88 million and that from HMG at NRs 2309 6
million.।

The past year also saw the completion of audit for the
financial year 1989/90 and 1990/91.

क Human Resource Development :

Identified as the prime resourceof NEA, humanresources
(HR) and their delineation and development captured
justifiable attention within the year's activities. During
the fiscal year, the HR Department completed its
assessment of manpower requirements for NEA. Also
notable among the HR development activities was the
management-oriented training /seminar/ workshop
arranged by the Department for top and mid-level
mangers of NEA. A similar skill-oriented programme

was = for the supervisory level administrative
and accounts staff. These programmes were conducted
with the affiliation of the Nepal Administrative Staff
College (NASC) with financing from the World Bank.

Contribution to the HR development continued to come
from the NEA Training Centre with its regular training
programmes in meter reading, generation, distribution
and computer applications. Contribution also came in the
form of seminars such as ones arranged by ADB and
World Bank on the Use of Consulting Services and
Procurement in March 1993. Other donor countries also
continued to sponsor specific power sector related training
for NEA staff.

@ Planning

Notable activities of the past year undertaken by the
Planning Directorate include the signing of the
Performance Agreement between HMG and NEA on
August 26, 1992. The agreement chalks out the mutual
obligations of thecontracting partiesand sets out indicators
which NEA mustattain within stipulated time. Additional
strategy oriented activities include the development of
Corporate Plans for NEA and the development ofa strategic
plan for the commercialisation of NEA with an accent on
operation of the institution to achieve healthy financial
performance.

Besides continuing the Twinning Arrangement financed
through the IDA and French Protocol with the Electricite
de France International, the Planning Directorate also
undertook the updating of the NEA Investment Plan and
Tariff study, the latter leading to introduction of new tariff
rates commencing with the billing for the month ofChaitra
2049 (March 14, 1993).

Theconcept of privatisation in the power sector continued
to influence NEA corporate perspectives and introduced
the need to consolidate its position as the buyer of the
energy produced by the private enterpreneur. The
requirement to formulate a buy-back policy therefore
emerged.

Faced with extended prospects of energy shortage, the
Planning Directorate conducted system studies on the
availability of Intermediate Generation Options
incorporating thermal generation asthe short term resort
to the current power crisis.

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

expertiese and develop a multi-disciplinary work force to
achieve well integrated project conceptions. Anexemplary
activity that applied these aims was the reconnaissance
study of the Upper Modi Khola, Upper Bhote Koshi,
Upper Marsyangdi, Upper Kaveli and the Puwa medium-

capacity projects utilising available engineers guided by
senior staff. After an orientation and training period for
the new engineers at Sun Kosi HEP, the reconnaissance
study was completed in time to commence and complete
the feasibility study of the upper Bhote Koshi HEP within
the same fiscal year using state of art techniques such as
the Computer Aided Design (CAD).

Other System Planning activities includethe 1993 update
of the Load Forecast accounting for current trends such
as load management and the policy trends towards
greater privatisation in the industry sector. The forecast
does not consider load shedding in its assessment. The
forecasted load in the system will help to assess demand
not served as a result of loading shedding.

@ Engineering

The past year saw new vigour instilled into the
Engineering Directorate, which is dedicated to
strengthening the technical foundations of a
predominantly engineering institution. Continued
generation inventory study activities were adjusted to
conform with overruling policies which called for future
projects to be financially viable and capable of attracting
the private enterprise. This meant projects capable of
self-sustainable operation -a criteria sought to beachieved
by theselection of projects in the medium-capacity range
(10 - 50 MW) near road terminals and the Integrated
National Power System (INPS). Such a framework was
created to achieve easily accessible projects within the
range of financing by privateenterpreneurs, the proximity
to the INPS enabling power exchange for improved
financial performance.

In other medium-capacity project studies, the Modi Khola
project has attracted promoters from the private sector
and has progressed with the detailed engineering with
assistance from Korean International Corporation Agency
(KOICA). Similarly, the Upper Bhote Kosi project is soon
to enter the stage of detailed engineering and has also
attracted promoters from the private sector. The feasibility
study of the Puwa Khola project is being undertaken with
assistance from JICA. The Directorate intends to commence
the feasibility studies of two more of the reconnoitred
projects in the coming year.

More importantly, acitvities were also oriented to
mobilise, motivate and train in-house engineering

Apart from hydropower, the Directorateis also attempting
to salvage lost investment by reinstating the wind power
project at Kagbeni of Mustang district. Warned by an
earlier failure, the present strategy involves rigorous study
of wind patterns prior to any project work, which will be
aimed at creating wind farms instead of isolated plants -
the generated electrical energy being interconnected to
the INPS. The Directorate is specifically analyzing the
complementary operation of wind generators to
compensate for deficit in hydro-generation that arise
from poor seasonal hydrology. Assistance from DANIDA
is forthcoming in this sector.

@ Generation and Transmission :

Generation - the current deficits, the need to add to the
system generation capacity and the options available -
formed the focus of activities within NEA and attracted
significant amounf of public attention and comment.

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

During the past year, 600 kW from the Namche SHPP
was added to the total NEA generation capacity, and a
total of 7.305 MW thermal capacity was retired due to
obsolescence of various diesel plants, thus resulting ina
total NEA installed capacity of 281.371 MW. The major
concern to the consumers was the increasing deficit of
energy in the integrated system in comparison to the
demand leading to contingent load shedding measures.
The deficit was further aggravated by the poor monsoon
of the previous year resulting in low water level in the
Kulekhani reservoir and general reduction o f generation
of other hydro projects.

The elctrical energy available for use within Nepal
totallled 963.314 GWh which comprised of 804.050 GWh
(83.47 percent) obtained from NEA hydro generation
and 47.290 GWh (4.91 percent) obtained from NEA
thermal generation. The remaining was obtained
purchase. The system peak of the interconnected system
was recorded at 214.04 MW which was less than that of
the previous year which was predictable from the load
shedding during peak demand hours of winter.

In this scenario of deficits, short-term options in
generation addition were identified as medium capacity
hydropower (5-50 MW) such as the Modi Khola, Upper
Bhote Koshi, Puwa and the Khimti Projects along with
some thermal generation. Participation of the private

sector was identified as a catalyst in the attainment of

these goals and has been encouraged by HMG's policy
on Water Resource Development.

The mid-term option has been identified as hydropower
generation such as the Kali Gandaki "A" slated for
completion before the turn of the century. The long-term
option would essentially bethefirst stage of 201 MW of the
402 MW Arun III coming into line soon after. The Donor
Community made definite moves for the financing of
Arun III HEP. After a meeting of the Donors in Paris in
December 1992 and a joint Donor pre-appraisal held in
Kathmandu in June 1993. Loan negotiations, Board
presentations and financing approval are now scheduled
to completion by early 1 994.

In the transmission sector, efforts continued to construct
transmission lines for exchange of power to the agreed
level of 50 MW with Indian utilities, the Duhabi-Bhantabari
132 kV link with Kataiya in India taking a definite shape
under the PSEP. After its completion in 1995 the added
exchange more possible by the link is expected to assist in
reducing the generation deficits within NEA. Inter-
government talks are expected to result inthe construction
of additional inter-utility links in the future.

@ Maintenance of Plants and Equipment

Major maintenance and allied efforts in generating plants
and equipment included the following major undertakings

* atthe Sunkoshi HEP : maintenance works included
theoverhauling of twoturbine-generators including
the changing of runners, cleaning of boulders
downstream and repair and maintenance of gates

and hoisting devices,

* at the Marsyangdi HEP : maintenance works
included the overhauling of one of the turbine-
generatorsand the installation ofanauto-lubrication
system, repair of steel lining of radial gatesincluding
the changing of arms and bearings, construction of
a heavy equipment store and construction of
additional control building to enhance operational
space and house facilities for sediment monitoring;

* at the Multi-Fuel Plant : the manufacturers of the
planthavetaken over the responsibility of rectifying
operatinal snags in two of the 6.5 MW generators

16

E have continued to hamper the proper
operation of the 26 MW plant at Duhabi; and

* asymposium was held in April 1993 within the
premises of Marsyangdi HEP to deliberate over O
& M aspects in NEA.

@ Distribution and Consumer Services (DCS)

Identified as one of the important resources within NEA,
the DCS completed another hectic year serving the
consumers and being paid for it. Characterised by
generation deficit and the onset of unfavourable
hydrological conditions with resulting power cuts, few
noteworthy indications were seen in terms of growth in
unit consumption within the country and thereby the
sales. The overall rise in tariff rates from the billing of the
month of Chaitra 2049 (March 14, 1993) helped to reduce
the operating loss of NEA.

Over the past financial year, the number of new
consumers grew by 35047 or 9.87 percent, over last year,
to reach a total of 391,000. Domestic consumers
represented 95.13 percent of NEA consumers and
accounted for 39.88 percent of internal sales with 36.42
percent of internal revenue. The industrial consumers
formed only 2.45 percent of the total number but
consumed 40.03 percent of internal sales and accounted
for 37.22 percent of internal revenue. Commercial and
non-commercial categories consitiuted 2.01 percent of
the consumers.

The past year also saw a number of very important
institutional aspects being introduced into the DCS
services. The first was the safety regulation in reticulation.
Last year saw the completion of the Draft of the safety
regulations which are expected to be made effective in
the near future. The second was putting into force the
construction engineering standards for distribution at
400V and 11 kV as prepared by the Technical Services
Department. The third was conservation among the
consumers through radio, television and news
publications.

Projects to extend and strengthen distribution included
the Fifth and Sixth Power Projects which reached their

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

completion stages and the commencement of the Seventh
Power Porject. Preliminary works also continued with the
Kathmandu Valley Distribution Reinforcement Project.

Efforts towards loss reduction, both technical and non-
technical, were an important part of activities undertaken
and was supported by the commencement of the third
phase of the Loss Reduction Project (LRP) undertaken
with IDA loan. Another area of strengthening was the

degree of monitoring and surveillance from the LRP and
DCS Branch Offices resulting in fines from consumers of
NRs 2,085,867 for misuse of electricity and several cases of
legal action. DENSET paint, capable of forming a hard
insulating coat over bare overhead conductors was also
tried out ina number of locations to control illegal hooking
onto supply mains.

@ Rural Electricfication (RE)

Electrificatin of Nepal's extensive rural areas as a means
for upliftment of the poor economic conditions receives
high priority in governmental development policy.
However, it is evident that RE cannot provide financial
returns as from the the urban sector. To accommodate
such a provision into a commercially oriented NEA the
requirements for a more socio-economic outlook on RE, a
separate RE Directorate was created towards the end of
the year. Essentially, the RE Directorate will undertake
nationally important RE schemes on Government
directives and investment and will charge HMG with all
costs that overrun the operational returns. The Directorate
is also in the process of leasing out the management of
selected isolated small hydropower projects to the private
sector to operate there on a self-sustaining basis.

The new Directorate has two Departments, namely the RE
Department and the Small Hydro Power Department
(SHPD).The SHPD is responsible for all services related to
isolated small hydropower and the RE Department for all
grid connected schemes. New and renewableenergy (NRE)
schemes such as wind and solar plants will also come
under the jurisdiction of this Directorate.

my

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

groomed with assistance from the Swiss।
Corporation (SDC).SCECO which pridesitself with almost
100 percent annual plant availability expanded its
operations this year with the addition of 200kW generation
capacity to the existing 200 kW plant.

@ Power Exchange with India

Inter-utility power exchange between NEA and the
neighbouring utilities of Bihar State Electricity Board
(BSEB) and Uttar Pradesh State Elctricity Board (UPSEB),
in India, continued on a cordial note. A delegation from
NEA, led by the Managing Director, visited BSEB in Patna
in January 1993 to discuss matters of mutual interest and
prospects of increased import from India during the dry
NEA continued to maintain cordial relations with other months in winter. Of particular interest was preparation
power companies in Nepal and has encouraged their of modalities for the construction of the 44 kM, 132 kV
establishment. More private power companies are exchange link between Duhabi in Nepal and Kataiya
expected to be formed with the encouragement received which is 3 kM within Indian territory. This transmision
from HMG's new policy on Water Resources facility isa component of facilitation to make possible the
Development. The Nepal Investment Forum sponsored exchange of up to 50 MW of power as provided by an
by HMG/UNIDO in November 1992, concluded with earlier inter-governmental power exchange agreement.
several private entrepreneurs often in joint venture with Another 132 kV link between Dhalkebar and Sitamarhi
foreign partners took interest in projects such as the was also identified for presentation in future inter-
Modi Khola HEP, small hydro projects and solar governmental talks.

photovoltaic (PV) plants. The Hydropower Development
Corporation has since beenestablished within the private
sector for the undertaking of the Modi Khola HEP.

@ Other Electricity Companies & Privatisation :

The talks in Patna was also noteworthy from the point of
view of the large account receivables which were cleared
by BSEB with assurances to continue in the same spirit in

Among the existing companies, the Butwal Power __ the future.

Company (BPC) presently owns and operates the 5.1

MW Andhi Khola Hydroelectric Project (AHREP) and @ The Donor Community

an agreement was concluded with NEA forthe exchange

of power and energy from this project. BPC is also Bilateral and multi-lateral assistance in the forms of grant,

presently constructing the 12 MW Jhimruk HEP at 1000, technical assistance and commodity assistance has

Pyuthan and intends to financethe60 MW KhimtiKhola एल्था an integral part of NEA development from its

HEP, generation from which will be purchased by NEA. inception stages. Still faced with limited internal financial
resources, investment in NEA's projects continued to

NEA also continued to be a Board Member of the Salleri obtain the encouraging _ participation of a large

Chialsa Electric Company (SCECO) constructed and = community of Donors as summarised in the table below :

DONOR AREAS OF INTEREST

The World Bank Arun Ill, Power Sector Efficiency Project and the Loss Reduction

Asian Development Bank Power Projects ४, VI and VII including Computerised Billing and
Kali Gandaki "A" studies.

KFW, Germany Arun Il! and Small Hydropower Master Plan Studies.

FINNIDA, Finland Pokhara Rural Electrification, Thermals and Arun Ill.

DANIDA, Denmark Wind Power

BITS, Sweden Arun Ill

NORDIC Dev. Fund Dumre-Besishahar 33 kV Transmission Line

Govt. of France Twinning Arrangement, West Seti studies, Atariya-Dipayal 66 kV
Transmission Line and Arun Ill.

ODA, United Kingdom Thermals and Arun।।, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

JICA, Japan Kathmandu Distribution Reinforcement, Special Assistance for
Project Sustainability (SAPS) and Puwa Khola feasibility studies.

KOICA, South Korea Modi Khola detailed engineering

OECF, Japan Arun Ill, Kulekhani Disaster Prevention

USAID Power Sector Studies.

i I COREE SOOO MC titi tit ee RRP RA Mg a AREER

Benn nee NS ENSLOISIOO

18

The past year saw the initiation of the detail engineering
design of this project financed through funds made
available by ADB, UNDP, and FINNIDA. Additional site
investigations required for this were carried out under
the "Bridging Site Investigations" programme with the
financial assistance of UNDP.

Interpretation of hydrological data collected after the
period reported in the Detailed Feasibility Study along
with correction of errors in previous data revealed
increased minimum flows in the Kali Gandaki river at
the proposed dam site. According to the Consultant's
recent Project Formulation Report No. 1, the improved
hydrology has enhanced the installed capacity to 140
MW and the annual energy procession capacity to 840
GWh. An International Panel of Experts (IPE) which
reviewed the Project Formulation Report has endorsed
these new figures.

Considering the geological site condition and the results
of additional site investigations, the IPE has
recommended the use of surface type sedimentation
basins instead of the previously recommended
underground ones. It has expressed its confidence that
this change will produce somereduction in costs, making
the project even more attractive.

Realising the importance and urgency of this project,
construction of a 28 km long access road was started in
March 1993. As of now, the excavation works are almost
complete and it is hoped that this road will be jeepableby
February 1994.

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Project Highlights

The detailed engineering design will be ready by May
1994 and, if funding is arranged by then, this project could
be brought in line by the middle of 1999 to contribute
appreciably towards meeting the large shortfalls in energy

supply.

2

Proposed to be developed in two equal stages of 201 MW
each, the Arun- II] project is a run-of-river plant located in
Sankhuwasabha District. The first stage will develop the
dam, intake structure, outlet structure and access road in
full while only half the numbers of desanding basins, head
race tunnel, surge tank and tailrace tunnel required in
totality will be constructed. The annual average and firm
energy corresponding to this first stage development will
be 1745 GWh and 1513 GWh respectively and evacuation
of this power will be effected by a 120 km, 220 kV
transmission line to Duhabi.

The joint donor's mission comprising of representatives
fromIDA, ADB, BITS (Sweden), KfW and theGovernment
of Finland (GOF) with observers from GTZ and the
Government of Japan (GOJ), recently appraised the project
and acknowledged that major progress had been made in
the project preparation. The mission also agreed upon the
project processing schedule according to which IDA credit
and ADB loan negotiations are set for October and
November 1993 respectively and IDA and ADB Board
presentation in December 1993.

Evaluation of six bids received for the construction of civil

structures, camp facilities and access road is in progress

and is expected to be complete by September 1993.
७

Implemented with the primary objective of slope
stabilisation and erosion contro] in the areas around the
Kulekhani I and II power stations, this project financed
under a loan assistance from the Overseas Economic Co-
operation Fund (OECF), Japan, is scheduled forcompletion
by 1995/96.

Underthe slopestabilisation works which is now complete,
the year saw the execution of some major works such as

० installation of 98 pieces of 28m long PC anchor with
crib concrete,

ES 92/93: A Year In Review

e shotcreting of 4461 sq m and installation of 713
pieces of rock bolt, each 5.5m long.

Similarly under the erosion control scheme, two concrete
check dams of hights 12m and 16.7m were constructed in
Kali Khola and Khani Khola with a concrete volume of
1240 and 4122 cu m respectively. A 15m high
consolidation check dam with a concrete volume of 6547
cu. m. was also completed in front of the Kulekhani I
power station. The remaining 40 percent of the erosion
control works and the rehabilitation of the Bhainse-
Bhimphedi-Damsite road is in progress.

The Modi Hydro Electric Project, being taken up by the
private sector, is located in Parbat District of Dhaulagiri
Zone, about 42 km north-west from Pokhara on the
Pokhara-Baglung highway. This run-of-river scheme
utilises the waters of the Modi River with a catchment
area of 510sq kmand is one ofthe major tributaries of the
Kali Gandaki River.

The feasibility study prepared by NEA was reviewed by
Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
technical team and the plant capacity increased from 11
MW to 14 MW. The total estimated cost of the project is
USS 29.9 million. The detail design is currently being
carried out by Hyundai Enginecring under a technical
grant from KOICA.

Undertaken initially with the financial assistanceof HMG
with an additional support in the past year from the Debt
Relief Fund (DRF) of Japan, the Achham Small
Hydropower Project (ASHP) will divert the waters of the
Kailash Khola of Achham District through a 655 m long
tunnel to generate 400 KW of electricity. Estimated to
cost NRs. 71.7 million, this project will supply power to
Mangalsen, the district headquarters (DHQ), Bayal Pata
and Sanfe Bagarthrougha 16 km transmissionand 12 km
distribution network. The last year saw the completion
of about 70 percent of tunnel excavation and 90 percent

SR SENSE DEL ISIS SS RENTS CSET SELES OUD SESE SS ISR I SSRI

of canal construction works. The forebay is ready and the

All civil and electro mechanical works of the Namche SHP
were completed and trial generation was also carried out.
About 80 percent of the 13 km transmission and 21 km
distribution system is complete. Implemented under the
financial grant assistance of the Austrian government, this
project with a capacity of 600 KW, located on the Thame
Khola, is at an altitude of about 4000 m in Solukhumbu
District. Estimated to cost NRs. 72.76 million, this project
will electrify Namche Bazaar, Kumde, Khumjung and
Thame areas.

8१7७ 76१४ ७२३७ सल किक,

Undertaken with the financial assistance of HMG, the
Kalikot Small Hydropower Project utilises the waters of Fe
the Sanigad river in Kalikot District to generate 500 KW of £&
electricity. It aims to electrify Manma, the district
headquarters, and some tentative load centres currently
identified are the surrounding villages of Khadgachakra,
Mehalmure, Mumra, Rakhu and Rigil. To electrify these
areas, 20 km of transmission and 8 km of distribution lines
are proposed. Construction activities are to commence in
the current FY/1993/94 and the project is scheduled to be
completed by 1996/1997.

"
3

Construction of the Dolpa Small Hydropower Project on
the Jairigad Khola in Dolpa District is to go into stream
from the current FY 1993/94 to electrify Dunai, the district
headquarters of Dolpa District. Having an installed capacity
of 160 KW and estimated to costa total of NRs. 54.9 million,
this project has also identified additional load centres of
Meharshera and Upallodunai to be electrified through a3
km transmission and 2 km distribution network. The project
is slated to be completed by 1996/97.

SAS RRR ARR REE

PN ee

Over the past year, the Power Sector Efficiency Project
(PSEP) was finally oriented towards implementation after
a loan effective agreement was signed on January 15,1993.
Undertaken witha loanassistance totalling US$ 60.8 million
fromIDA and Nordic Development Fund (NDF), the project
aims to increase NEA's effective supply capacity by
improving technical and operational efficiency, upgrade
existing generation capacity, improve system load factor
and address environmental concerns from Marsyangdi
Hydro Electric Project. The project is composed of several
components, some major ones being described below.

छ Generation Rehabilitation

The Trishuli-Devighat Rehabilitation Project finally
progressed towards its construction phase in spite ofan

agreement being signed with the civil and electro-
mechanical contractors in May 1992, subject to the
IDA loan being effective. The loan actually became
effective only from January 15,1993.

Estimated to cost a total of NRs. 1167.3 million, the
project aims essentially to refurbish the civil and
electro-mechanical aspects of the 26 year old Trishuli
and 11 year old Devighat Hydropower stations with
current capacities of 18 MW and 14.1 MW respectively.

By increasing the spillway height by 1.32m, adding
one newaqueduct on the Trishuliriver and enhancing
the capacity of the canal, the project aims to raise the
canal discharge from the present 31 cumecs to 45
cumecs to facilitate the generation of an additional
95.3 GWH of energy to aid the current energy deficit
in the power system. In addition, the project life is
expected to increase by another 30 years.

After the IDA loan became effective, work orders
were issued to the contractors on February 15,1993
and mobilisation and infrastructure building works
are in progress.

@ Kathmandu High Voltage Reinforcement

The Kathmandu Valley HV Reinforcement Project,
under the IDA credit is estimated to cost NRs. 768.6
million and aims to reinforce the 132 kV and 66 kV
system of the Kathmandu Valley. This will aid in
studying current tendencies towards overloading in
the HT network and also enhance the effectiveness of
the distribution rehabilitation works being undertaken
separately under the Kathmandu Valley Power
Systems Reinforcement Project witha grant assistance
of Japan.

Some of the major works involved in this project
include reinforcement of ten existing substations,
construction of new 66/11 kV, 20 MVA substation at
Bhaktapur and 36 MVA at Teku, 17 km of 132 kV and
4 km of 66 kV transmission lines. Towards this, land

Undertaken witha mix of financialloan and grant assistance
from the Government of France, this project aims to connect
Dipayal to the 132 kV grid substation at Attaria, via
Dadeldhura, by a 66 kV transmission line. The total project
is estimated to cost NRs. 265 million and is slated for
completion by 1994/95. The past year saw the completion
of 40 numbers of tower foundations.

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

acquisition at Bhaktapur and appointment of a
consultant are complete and contractual agreement
awaits the concurrence of the World Bank.

@ The Duhabi-Bhantabari 132 kV TL Project

This project aims to ease the current energy crisis by
importing power from India under the Nepal-India
power exchange agreement. Undertaken with a loan
assistance from the IDA and having an estimated cost of
NRs. 86.43 million, the project is scheduled for
completion by the end of 1994/95. The project involves
the stringing ofa second circuit ona27 km portionofthe
existing Hetauda-Biratnagar 132 kV transmission line
from Duhabi to Kushaha, construction ofal4km single
circuit 132 kV line from Kushaha to Bhantabari on the
Nepal-India border and a3 km stretch up to Kattaiya in
Indian territory.

Land acquisition along with tender evaluation works
are complete while actual construction activities await
the concurrence of IDA.

@ Dumre-Beshishahar Rural Electrification Project

This project is financed under a loan agreement with
Nordic Development Fund (NDF) and estimated tocost
NRs. 104.65 million, this project is an extension of the
wider Marsyangdi Watershed Project under the PSEP.
Involving a 30 km extension of a33 kV transmission line
from Dumre to Udipur, Beshishahar, the district
headquarters of Lamjung district, will be electrified
through a 33/11 kV, 1.5 MVA substation at Udipur. A
network of 70 km of 11 kV and 50 km of 0.4/23 kV
distribution lines will electrify 34 villages in Tanahu
and Lamjung districts benefitting about 2600 households
in that region. Currently, land acquisition and line
survey works are complete. The project is scheduled for
completion by the end of FY 1995/96.

The prominent feature of this rural electrification scheme
is that it aims at handing over the operation and
maintenance of the system including meter reading
and billing to a consumer group formed from the local
community. The year saw the acquisition of 10 ropanies
of land, completion of plans and profiles of 98 km of 11
kV network and negotiations for the appointment of a
consultant.

र KY TE Project:

second stage of the project saw the completion of an
additional 144 km of 11 kV, 500 km of 0.4 kV distribution
lines and 139 distribution transformer substations
connecting about 10,000 rural households to the Pokhara
distribution system. Aerial Bundled Cables were
introduced to the country for the first time through this

Undertaken witha loan assistance from ADB, this project
aims to carry out rural electrification in ten different
districtsand reinforce the existing systems of five towns.
Estimated to cost a total of US$ 64 million, the project is
scheduled for completion by 1998/99.

Included in this project are construction of Anarmani-
Ilam, Anarmani-Buluchowk, Lahan-Bishnupur,
Nijhgadh-Harshaha, Nawalpur-Haripur, Bharatpur-
Chanauli, Bharatpur-Parsa, Bharatpur-Kawasoti and
Birgunj-Pokharia33kV transmission lines totalling about
960 km. Reinforcement of existing 66/11 kV substations
at Birgunj and Parwanipur and addition of a 132/33 kV
transformer at Bharatpur substation are other major
features of the project.

Financed by a loan from HMG/ ADB and completed at a
total cost of NRs. 160.3 million, this project commenced
supply of power to the Udayapur Cement Factory and
Gaighat, the district headquarters of Udayapur District.
The past year saw the completion of distribution lines in
Gaighat and protection works around tower foundations
of the 33 kV transmission line. A total of 23.58 km of 33 kV
double circuit line, 20 MVA substations eachat Lahan and
Jaljale and about 40 km of distribution lines were
constructed. Also 20 MVAR static condensers were
connected to the 132 kV grid at Lahan substation.

In the distribution and rural electrification sector about
1400 km of 11 kV and 2000 km of 0.4 kV new lines will be
constructed while 200 km of 11 kV and 500 km of 0.4kV
lines will be rehabilitated. About 95000 people of 485
villages will benefit from this project.

The planning and economic study as well as design
works are complete and some tenders for supply of
materials have been approved by the NEA Board.
Contract documents foraconcrete pole production plant
at Amlekhgunj with an annual capacity of 14000 poles
has also been signed.

SS

With the primary objective of increasing the system
capacity to meet the growing demand and increase power
supply reliability in the Kathmandu Valley power system,
the Kathmandu Valley Power System Reinforcement
Project has been undertaken with a grant assistance of the
Government ofJapan (GOJ). To be executed in two phases,
GO] will provide 934 million Japanese Yen to implement
the Phase I (Stage 1) of the project which is scheduled for
completion in FY 1994/99. In continuation of this grant
assistance, GOJ and HMG signed a second Exchange of
Note on June 29, 1993 under which GO] will provide an
additional 752 million Japanese Yen for the implementation
of Phase I (Stage II) of the project. The works under the
phase I (stage 1) of the project includes laying of
underground cables between K-2 and Lainchaur,
reinforcement of six 11 kV main feeders and provision of
tools and measuring equipment. Construction works are
slated to commence from September 1993.

८20: RO IRS aR

Undertaken witha grantassistanceofa total of 80 million
Finnish Marks from GOF and executed in two stages, the
Pokhara Rural Electrification Project was completed by
December 1993, eight months ahead of schedule. The
project was started in December 1985 and the first stage
completed in July 1988. With the objective of electrifying
the villages located inthe hilly terrainaround the Pokhara
valley, the first stage of the project saw the completion of
58km of 11 kV, 163 km of 0.4kV distribution lines and 46
distribution transformer substations to connect 4000
new rural customers to a new source of energy.

The Computerised Billing Project, being undertaken with
a US$ 1.761 million loan from the ADB faced setbacks in
its implementation schedule because of the disconcerting
A : " notice of withdrawal from the selected Consultant. Coming
aa . £ 7 towards the final stages of contract negotiation. The

. withdrawal was unforseen and subsequently, in
accordance with the NEA Board decision, the withdrawal
has necessitated the repetition of the entire cycle of
procedures for the selection of a new consultant in
accordance with ADB rules and regulations. The project
seeks to computerise the billing and accounting system in
98 different branches of NEA in a phasewise manner.

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

: Studies

4 Upper Bhote Koshi Hydro A reconnaissance study of the Bhote Koshi River was carried out byNEAinearly &
Electric Project 1993 which identified several attractive schemes on the upper reaches of the छ
river. It was observed that cascade development of this stretch could produce

nearly 150 MW of power. With this revelation, the NEA Board approved the

allocation of NRs 0.65 million as incentive for the feasibility study of the Upper

Bhote Koshi HEP to be undertaken by a team of professionals and supporting छि

staff from seven different Departments of NEA, supported by two local consulting

firms.

The Upper Bhote Koshi HEP is basically arun-of-river scheme on the Bhote Koshi ग
River, located about 110 km north of Kathmandu near the Sino-Nepal border in।
Sindhupalchowk District. The river is one of thetributaries ofthe SaptaKoshiand।
has a catchment area of about 2132 sq. km. at the proposed intake site, 96 percent।
of it lying in the Tibetan region. Easy access to the Arniko highway and proximity।
to the national grid are plus points of this scheme.

at LAC %

The planned headwork consisting of 4 40m wide, 7.5m high weir and three intake
gates located near the Jung Khola is connected through two underground
desanding basins, and 3.5 km long headrace tunnel toa surface type power house
at Jhirpu. With an installed capacity of 36 MWata design discharge of 32cumecs,
it is estimated to generate an annual average energy of 244 GWh. The power will
be evacuated by a 70 km 132 kV double circuit transmission line to Bhaktapur in
Kathmandu Valley. The total cost of the project including this transmission line
is estimated at US$ 68.8 million.

A Puwa Khola Hydro Electric Puwa HEP development site is located in Ilam District of Mechi Zone in eastern
Project Nepal, about 78 km north-west from Charali on the Charali-Phidim highway.

220

23

हन्छ भिन...

छ 92/93 : A Year In Review

4 Small Hydropower
Master Plan Project

The site lies on the Puwa Khola, one of the major tributaries of the Kankai-Mai
River.

This run-of-river scheme diverts the Puwa Khola through a inverted D-shaped
3.35 km long tunnel to the Mai Khola to generate 5 MW ata design discharge of
2 cumecs and a 300m net head. The estimated annual average energy output is
38GWh which will beevacuated bya 4.5 km long 33 kV singlecircuit transmission
line to the Ilam, which is being connected to the national grid under the Seventh
Power Project. The feasibility study of this scheme is being carried out bya JICA
technical team and their final report is expected by February 1994. Currently, the
review of an interim feasibility study report is in progress.,

The Small Hydropower Master Plan aims to establish a systematic identification
of optimum hydropower potentials in the range of 100 to 5000 kW to match the
demand for rural electrification in the hills and mountains of Nepal. Started
from September 1990 with the technical and financial support of German
Technical Cooperation (GTZ).

The initial planning approach of the project was targeted on identification of
suitable sites farther away from the Integrated National Power Systemassuming
that the nearby load centres in course of time would eventually be served from
the grid. With the introduction of anew Hydropower Development Policy 1992
by HMG, study activities were focused on the identification of financially viable
small hydropower projects which can be easily connected to the gird. The
objective was to attract private entrepreneurs and provide them with more
prospects to sell electricity to the grid thereby improving the plant load factor
whichis very crucial for its sustainability. The project is estimated to be complete
by the end of August, 1993.

24

FY 92/93 : A Year in Review

TARIFF RATES

(effective March 14, 1993 )

CATEGORY A : DOMESTIC CONSUMERS
A.1. Minimum Monthly Charges :

Meter Capacity Minimum Charge Exempt
(NRs.) (KWh)
: Upto 5 ampere 30 20
6-30 ampere 90 40
31-60 ampere 210 80
Three phase supply 570 200
' A.2. Energy charge in excess of exempt units )
Upto 250 units Rs. 3.00 per unit.
Above 250 units Rs. 4.50 per unit

CATEGORY B: TEMPLES

Minimum monthly charge Rs. 39.00 ( 20 units exempt )
Energy charge Rs. 1.95 per unit ( units in excess of exempt units )

CATEGORY C: INDUSTRIAL

Sub-category Demand fee Energy charge
(Rs/kW) (Rs/ Unit)

C.1 107 voltage (400/230 volt)

Cottage 10.00 2.20
Small industry 40.00 3.90
C2 Medium voltage (11 & 33 kV) 90.00 2.30
C3 High voltage ( above 66 kV) 80.00 1.90

CATEGORY D : COMMERCIAL

D.1 Low voltage 110.00 3.90
D2 Medium voltage 100.00 3.65

CATEGORY E : NON-COMMERCIAL

E.1 Low voltage 55.00 3.80
E.2 Medium voltage 50.00 3.60

CATEGORY F : IRRIGATION
F.1 Low voltage

Upto 10kVA 10.00 1.15
Above 10kVA 15.00 1.50
F2 Medium voltage 20.00 1.40
CATEGORY G : WATER SUPPLY
; G.1 Low voltage 66.00 130,
6.2 Medium voltage 60.00 1.20

CATEGORY छ: TRANSPORTATION
H.1 Medium voltage 60.00 1.50

CATEGORY I: STREET LIGHT

1.1 Street lights with meter - 2.30
12 Without meter 828.00 -
CATEGORY J : TEMPORARY SUPPLY

J.1 With meter 6.00

J.2 Without meter 2256.00 -

छ 92/93 : A Year In Review

Balance Sheet as of July 15

in million NRs

ASSETS 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986
Fixed assets
Land 537.7 499.9 478.4 46.1 425 31 he A क] 425 उा9

Buildings 534.9 451.7 433.7 169.7 RT 4838.7 1697 1369 ०959 95.9
Hydraulic Plant & Machinery 14,568.3 9,872.3 9,617.0 25,871 2571.6 1,871 eer TABS 98:23 96170 2,871 2571.6 बहाव
Internal Combustion P & M 178.1 177.6 185.5 52.0 513 465
Solar Power Plant 45.1 46.2 ————— Be - - -

Transmission Line & S/S:
"On cor abr 434 0017. ला दा दा नन ााालााल
On or above 33 KV Line 1,797.6 1,696.4 1,717.5 993.2 लाला लि 1696-4 TITS 9932 623.5 3534 353.4

S/S on or above 33 KV 2,404.5 eo 2408 2A 2,434.4 - - -

Below 33 KV Line 108.5 112.6 11 OG 1159 गा गा जा - - -
Distribution Line 2,034.3 नाला लिला 1366.6 5361 4093 384.2 2025 536.1 409.3 384.2 202.5
Meter & Metering Equipment '50.4 40.6 ———— mee कि 406 3090 222 176 128 22.2 17.6 12.8
Consumer Service 52.9 51.9 46.8 eee PB 421 321 289 32.1 28.9
Public Lighting 15.9 16.3 15.4 14.8 1 —— B18 18
Tools and Instrument 5.3 5.4 6.2 3.3 R88 2.4
Vehicles 18.9 26.9 27.4 mI मन मक G1 24.0 11.6
Furniture & Office Equipment 14.0 12.3 13.8 95 eee S804 4.7
Miscellaneous 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.1 0.2
Total Fixed Assets 22,366.7 16,785.3 1591.9 4,371.8 3,896.5 2664.0

OtherAssets ne ther Assets

Capital Works in Progress —~—~=~=~=a28900 «14984 DBT DBD BB Works in Progress 2,890.0 1,498.4 778.7 — ere OANA 7787 7232 SB 855 51.8 85.5

Investment in Securities 8.1 8.1 4.1 42 2.7 we मी का की 2 27
Total Other Assets . 2,898.1 1506.5 782.8 727.4 क RET 1506.5 728 पिक S45 882 88.2
Deffered Expenditure 169.8 226.3 - - - -

Current Assets

Inventories ee 08 2170 1982 141] 1132 832. 217.0 198.2 141.1 113.2 83.2
Accounts Receivable ——_—E EG 857.0 285.5 239.9 165.0 1205 357.0 285.5 239.9 - 165.0 120.5
Advances Recoverable —_— over AT 679770 154.2 74.1 69.7 67.9 77.0
Cash & Bank 174.5 OGG 59 75.7 56.6 79.6 59.1
Total Current Assets 1,103.6 870.6 633.5 507.3 $$$ 806 635 5073 425.7 3398 339.8

TOTAL ASSETS 26,538.2 19,388.7 ——— 9062 170062 5606.5 4,376.7 3,092.0 5,606.5 4,376.7 3,092.0

FE EEE E TL OEE EASTER LANE दा EEE PE Aedes ate TTT

4333 aad fe ipsa ade Foca pais. ied अव लाका

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Balance Sheet as of July 15

in million NRs

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986

Equity
Share Capital 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0
१ Share Allotment Suspense 368 3,146.4 2,026 2,615,3 0 1,657.0 4242 Allotment Suspense 3,916.8 3,146.4 2,502.6 2,615.3 1657.0 424.2

Capital Reserve 67.6 56.8 44.9 35.2 15.1 7.7
Reserves & Surplus ( 500.3) ( 75.6) 39.5 36.1 41.7 378
Revaluation Surplus 12,369.4 12,065.33 11,091.5 - - -

Total Equity 16853.5 16,192.9 14,678.5 3,686.6 2,713.8 1469.7

Long-Lterm Liabilities
Long-Term Loan 8,812.3 2,422.8 1,890.2 1541.7 1,378.8 1,263.3
Total Long-Term Liabilities 8,812.3 2,422.8 1,890.2 1541.7 1,378.8 1,263.3 Long-Term Liabilities 8,812.3 2,422.8 1,890.2 1,541.7 1,378.8 1,263.3

Current Liabilities & Provisions

Deposit from Customers 24.8 20.4 12.4 13.6 8.1 11.0
Other Deposit 21.3 14.7 11.9 78 7.1 8.3
Creditors for Goods 10.3 11.6 19.1 30.9 35.3 39.6
Other Creditors 59.4 36.3 2.2 18 18 4.4
Payable to Others for power purchase 106.6 136.8 126.3 78.1 29.6 28.1
Payable to HMG for Interest 266.0 198.9 143.1 78.8 69.4 140.3
Payable to HMG for Other 44.8 45.7 95 0.0 3.1 22.2
Provision for Bonus 2.4 3.3 4.8 4.8 4.3 2.8
Provision for Gratuity & Pension 140.3 140.3 112.7 86.5 65.8 65.8
Provision for Medical Facilities 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
Provision for Accumulated Leave 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4
Inventories Received from Project - - - - 22.1 2.4
Provision for Tax 7.2 28.4 35.0 35.8 3.4 -
Project AccountsPayable KA 60 00 गा
Payable to HMG for Power Purchase 83.5 83.5 - - - -

71.7
872.4

19.0 - - ० -
c= 539.5 378.2 284.1 359.0

Branch Reconciliation
Toial Current Liabilities & Provisions

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 26,538.2

19,388.7  17,108.2 5,606.5

4,376.7 3,092.0

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Profit and Loss for the 4 ended July 15

in million NRs

Particulars न पाय पा पा पा पा वा 1993** 1992* 1991 1990 199019891988 1987 1986. 1988 1987 1986
A. Revenue
__Net Sale of Electricity 1800 143699609 पा ogee Sale of Electricity 1,805.0 1,436.9 760-1 603 515 4524 3770 760.1 690.3 551.5 452.4 377.0
Income from Other Services 65.0 rrr 8251808 98 74 18.2 15.9 18.0 11.8 98 74
Interest & Other Income 27.3 - 1 8a at 9.4 3.6 4.2 1.4 1.1

Total-A 1,897.3 —-. $e 9926 284 7119 5675 463.6 385,5. 992.6 785.4 711.9 567.5 463.6 385.5

B. Operation & Maintenance Expenditure
"Operation & Maintenance ला जाग S797 पाता OBL DE & Maintenance 778.9 512.9 379.7 291.0 284.8 206.4 180.0 134.9

& General Expenses
~_ Provision for Expenses Beg हि
__Baddebis writen off =
Depreciation उल 959.0 हा हा STAT BAT ad op
_ Deffered Expenditure Written off आए QD OO

Deffered Expenditure Written o . 54.2 cD 56.6 - - - :

Total-B 2,062.2 18665 2521 1028.7 431.7 3082 2421. 1366.5 1,252.1 1028.7 431.7 308.2 242.1

C. Net Operationg
Surplus (Deficit) (A-B) (164.9) (161.6) (373.9) I 0616) B73.9) (466.7) 0168) (316.8) 135.8 155.4 143.5

D. Interest on Long-Term Loans 641.7 575.6 635.1 EST 1290 1303 125.8 1208 103.2 130.3 125.8 120.8 103.2

E. Profit and (Loss) Prior (806.6) 737.2 (1009.) 595.7 (447.1) 10.0 34.6 40.2
Year's income & Expenses

Adjustment

F. PrioryearIncome/ > BAY) Prior year Income / - - (15.4) (41.4) 333 (1.8) (11.0) 0.0
Expenses Adjustment

G. Profit & (Loss) after OBST IB Profit & (Loss) after - - (993.6) (637.1) (413.8) - - ०

Prior Year Adjustment

छ. Transferfrom पा वा SR Sa Transfer from 707.4 619.0 568.9 522.0 424.2 5 ० -

Revaluation Surplus
I. Net Profit (Loss) Before Tax 92) लाग G2A GIB na Net Profit (Loss) Before Tax (99.2) (118.2) (424.7) = (115.1) SD) 82 236 40.2 8.2 23.6 40.2
J. ComporateTax BB
हि Net Profit/(Loss) after tax ७9०2 लाज @2A) GIS) Net Profit/(Loss) after tax (99.2) (118.2) (424.7) त 2878 34 (5.6) 12.2 37.8
सा ee

Note: १ The figures for 1992 are subject to audit.
"* Provisional

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Availability FY1993 Utilization FY1993

Sales FY1993 Revenue FY1993

5.10%
¢
36.80%

छै Domesic B Non-Commercial 0 Commercial

she
ee
2

@ Export B others

Expenditure FY1993

D stat Cost छि Operation 8 छि Energy Purchase थि Fuel
Administration

a Depreciation Bi interest

RR Re SI SSA SSS RE ORE Si aN

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Total Available Energy
and Peak Demand

1000

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Fiscal Year। & Available Energy (GWh) Peak Demand (MW)।।

SSS ea E SORTASE ROS ISO

Particulars 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Peak Demand (MW)* 110.000 126.000 141.000 150.000 176.000 204.000, 216.000 214.04
Available Energy (GWh) 488.500 571.000 628.500 672.300 773.842 906.283 981.105 963.314
1. Hydro 427.400 537.300 560.200 558300 712.312 870.203 869.980 804.050

2. Diesel 3300 1.100 - - 0858 0800 31.540 47290

3, Purchase from 57.800 32.600 68300 114.00 60672 35.280 79585 111.974
(a) India 57.800 32.600 68300 114.00 60672 33.700 54938 82.223

(b) Butwal Power Co. - - - - - 1.580 24.647 29.751

Note:- * Peak démand is for all areas covered by integrated system including supply to India.

re rasetey क) 5 POI IOP OOS POSITS ASIANS 2225: SO 2८: Ps 22:42 मा बा 0 नम eres छ

30

—*

Non-Commercial

oy 92/93 : A Year In Review

Growth of Consumers

1987

1986

1,75,860 2,08,870 2,30,178 2,51,758 2,74,921

1,881
527
4,575
277

— ला ाानालालालालाललालालालालालालालाललालालालालालाललाल लाला ना पा
सह्य 3168 625 ATA 385 517 532 5 367 Light 318 675 1,474 385 517 532 547 367

Temporary Supply

113
8

i बाला पि न पा
Total (Internal Sales)

3,04,480 3,37,715 3,71,975

183,559 2,17,726 2,41,477 2,64,780 2,90,015 3,21,785

Eee eS eee
Bulk Supply (India)

3

5,988 3,90,996

183,562 2,17,730 2A1A79 264,784 2,90,019 3,21,790 3,55,953 3,91,000

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Electricity Sales

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Fiscal Year

E Domestic a Industrial (Others

a Total

(in eee in Wh

Category 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Domestic 140.596 162.329 185.746 193.308 231.396 261.399 275.248 268.987
Non-Commercial 31.462 27.390 52.358 48.059 47.433 46 लाला SB 48.059 4749 46.230 46.684 48.937 46.684 48.937
Commercial 19.336 21.963 25.401 30.778 33.712 36.640 AON 30.778 33.712 36640 4520 49.125 49.125
Industrial 110.382 148.477. 161.577 175.262 178.321 206.884 ET 175.262 178.321 206.884 246.374 269.979 269.979
Water Supply 11.268 = 15.312 7.016 7.344 11.928 15.831 14 लाला ee G78 1928 16,831 14936 14.530 14.530
Irrigation - - 9.358 15.626 11.965 11 ee 15.626 1196 10.851 12.769 11.627 12.769 11.627
Street Light 3.667 3.858 6.163 5.091 7.295 ——en ee' OS भा 7.295 7308 7802 8.180 7.802 8.180
Temporary Supply 1,533 1.240 0.705 0.677 0.403 0.428 1.003 1 —_—eerr 0 0403 0426 1.003 1.101 101.
Transport 1.716 1.569 0.763 2.287 2.060 1.825 1 ES 2087 2060 1826 1506 1497. 1.497
Temple - - 0.005 0.109 0.270 OOH 0109 0270 0369 0.419 0.469 0.419 0.469
Total (Internal Sales) 319.960 382.138 449.092 478.541 524.782 588.760 651 नाला नाल पि AMSAT 524.782 588.760 651.941 674.434 674.434
Bulk Supply 21.458 20.458 16.053 17.596 23.287 80.640 85.411 17896 23.287 80.640 85.411 59.320

Grand Total 341.418 402.596 465.145 496.137 548.069 669.400 737.352 733.754

a4

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

Revenue

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Fiscal year
हि Domestic ME industria Ol others ६102

(in million Rs)

Category 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992* 1993**
Domestic 139.928 164.497 191.205 230.184 259.417 311.686 484.947 616.387
Non-Commercial 45.624 44101 79.852 88853 90.553 91.708 141.382 181 नाडा OE ER मक 88.853 90.553 91.708 141.382 181.344
Commercial 31.343 35.077, 41.792, 59,920 67792 75,634 136,135 197.204
Industrial 128.867 173.315 193.840 254.518 267.254 307.005 475.175 OE STS 193.840 254.518 267.254 307.005 475.175 630.007 _
Water Supply & - 9.237 17.447 24,674
Irrigation 15.595 19.800 13.200 24.284 26433 27530 1 een 113.200 24.284 26.433 27.530 17.484 19,743. 19.743
Street Light 5.972 6.487 7.121 6.388 8.832 8767 12.353 1 EE OAT 126.388 8832 8267 12.353_16.032__ छ
Temporary Supply 3307 2.999 1.863 2.449 1.454 1.483 4.062 पालि ye 1063 मकन 1454 1483 4062 काम 75 छे
Transport 1.613 1.567 1.591 2.022 1.809 2.138 —anspo गाउ 1.567591 2022 1809 2038 1.908 2204. र
Temple - - 0.007 0.113 0.381 0.182 are 071130381 0182 0.600 0898. 0.898 न.

Total (Internal Sales) 372.249 447.843 539.708 668.731 723.925 826.135 1,291.474 ना म MS 868.731 723.925 826.135 1,291,474 1,692,668 _
Bulk Supply (India) 4,887 4.812 12.009 23.076 36.738 135.064 145.484 112.344
GrandTotal 377136 4565 डान? 691807 7&0 cea" OCT 100 7 AC OER PE
Grand Total . . . 691.807 760.663 961.199 1,436.958 1,805.012

२ Figuresaresubjecttoaudit. ~~ Figures are subject to audit
** — Figures are provisional

33

FY 92/93 : A Year In sl

Asset Formation

29000

20000

15000

SSSA RS RRR ERE OR

10000 SC
. si LL

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1

WB Net Asset & Depreciation

in million Rs

a
Fiscal Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Net Asset Net Asset 2,663.9 3.896.5_ 4371.8 19,691.9 N6 2 es लिलाालालालाला 3,896.5 4,371.8 15,691.9 16,785.3 22,366.7 23,178.0 24336.8 _
Depreciation 80.1 114.8 134.7 578.7 683.9 879.7 959.0 1,054.9

CREASES Fe ES OO I A Oa oo

—_ दै

लाल 92/93 : A Year In Review

Long-term Loan and Interest

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

& interest

in million Rs

SS

Fiscal Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

—. $< — ति
Loan 1,263.3 1,378.8 1,541.7 1,890.2 2,422.8 8812.3 10,635.2 1,2173.7
eee
Interest 103.2 120.8 125.8 130.3 129.0 635.1 575.6 641.7
a कक काबाडाडडाडाडापापापापापापापापापााादाा

FY 92/93 : A Year In Review

d Forecast

SRS RR

7000

6000

5000

re
a
ao
6

4000

3000

2000

1000

1994
9
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009

199

2010
2011
2012

Fiscal Year

BB Energy(GWh) & Peak Demand (MW) °

36

FY 92/93: A Year In Review

Load Forecast
for Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS)

Energy (GWH) Growth (%) Peak (MW) nergy (GIN लिलाम) रिमा Growth (%)।
1993 998.5 18 228.0 26।
12189 0 गरा 0 गा 08 19 पा पआाङछााा पा पा

Average 'AverageGrowth~S~"~*~*~"~"""":C*SNHSSC ललल का

SS eR re nea

ना

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