NOTE 1.
Principles of Presentation and Consolidation (Continued) The table below reconciles the revised presentation of our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 to the prior presentation (in millions):
## Table 0 ##
* In addition to vehicles sold by us, the cash flows from wholesale finance receivables being reclassified from investing to operating include financing by Ford Credit of used and non-Ford vehicles.100% of cash flows from wholesale finance receivables have been reclassified for consolidated presentation as the portion of these cash flows from used and non-Ford vehicles are impracticable to separate.
NOTE 2.
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, including short-term time deposits and government agency and corporate obligations, are classified as Cash and cash equivalents.
Revenue Recognition - Automotive Sector Sales are generally recorded when products are shipped to customers (primarily dealers) and ownership is transferred.
Sales to daily rental car companies with a guaranteed repurchase option are accounted for as operating leases.
The lease revenue is recognized over the term of the lease and a gain or loss on the remaining residual value is recognized when the vehicles are sold at auction.
The carrying value of these vehicles is included in other current assets and, as of December 31, 2004, was $2.9 billion.
Income generated from cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities, loaned securities and other miscellaneous receivables is reported as Interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net.
Revenue Recognition - Financial Services Sector Revenue from finance receivables, including interest, net of certain deferred loan origination costs that are included as a reduction of financing revenue, is recognized over the term of the receivable using the interest method.
Revenue from operating leases, net of certain deferred origination costs, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The accrual of interest on receivables is discontinued at the time a receivable is determined to be uncollectible.
Subsequent amounts of interest collected are recognized in income only if full recovery of the remaining principal is probable.
Interest supplements paid by the Automotive sector are recognized over the term of the receivable or operating lease.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U. S.  generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenue and expenses during the periods reported.
Estimates are used when accounting for certain items such as marketing accruals, warranty costs, employee benefit programs, etc.
Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances.
Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in marketing estimates, actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Marketing Incentives Automotive marketing incentives, including customer and dealer cash payments and costs for special financing and leasing programs paid to the Financial Services sector are recognized as revenue reductions and are accrued at the later of the date the related vehicle sales are recorded or the date the incentive program is both approved and communicated.
Costs for marketing incentives are based on assumptions regarding the number of vehicles that will have a specific incentive applied against them.
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 17.
RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued) Defined Benefit Pension Plans.
We have defined benefit pension plans covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany and other locations.
The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U. S.  plans.
The vast majority of our worldwide defined benefit plans are closed to new participants.
In general, our defined benefit pension plans are funded (i. e. , have restricted assets from which benefits are paid).
Our unfunded defined benefit pension plans are treated on a “pay as you go” basis with benefit payments from general Company cash.
These unfunded plans primarily include certain plans in Germany, and the U. S.  defined benefit plans for senior management.
OPEB.
We have defined benefit OPEB plans, primarily certain health care and life insurance benefits, covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, and other locations.
The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U. S.  plans.
Our OPEB plans are unfunded and the benefits are paid from general Company cash.
Defined Contribution and Savings Plans.
We also have defined contribution and savings plans for hourly and salaried employees in the United States and other locations.
Company contributions to these plans, if any, are made from general Company cash and are expensed as incurred.
The expense for our worldwide defined contribution and savings plans was $291 million, $340 million, and $377 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively.
This includes the expense for Company-matching contributions to our primary employee savings plan in the United States of $124 million, $132 million, and $142 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively.
Defined Benefit Plans – Expense and Status The assumptions used to determine benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost/(income) were as follows:
## Table 1 ##
The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
## Table 2 ##
Item 1.  Business (Continued) 6 FINANCIAL SERVICES SEGMENT Ford Motor Credit Company LLC Our wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit offers a wide variety of automotive financing products to and through automotive dealers throughout the world.
The predominant share of Ford Credit’s business consists of financing our vehicles and supporting our dealers.
Ford Credit earns its revenue primarily from payments made under retail installment sale and lease contracts that it originates and purchases; interest rate supplements and other support payments from us and our subsidiaries; and payments made under dealer financing programs.
As a result of these financing activities, Ford Credit has a large portfolio of finance receivables and operating leases which it classifies into two portfolios—“consumer” and “non-consumer.
” Finance receivables and operating leases in the consumer portfolio include products offered to individuals and businesses that finance the acquisition of our vehicles from dealers for personal and commercial use.
Retail financing includes retail installment sale contracts for new and used vehicles and direct financing leases for new vehicles to retail and commercial customers, including leasing companies, government entities, daily rental companies, and fleet customers.
Finance receivables in the non-consumer portfolio include products offered to automotive dealers.
Ford Credit makes wholesale loans to dealers to finance the purchase of vehicle inventory, also known as floorplan financing, as well as loans to dealers to finance working capital and improvements to dealership facilities, finance the purchase of dealership real estate, and finance other dealer vehicle programs.
Ford Credit also purchases receivables generated by us and our subsidiaries, primarily related to the sale of parts and accessories to dealers and certain used vehicles from daily rental fleet companies.
Ford Credit also provides financing to us for vehicles that we lease to our employees.
Ford Credit does business in the United States and Canada through business centers.
Outside of the United States, Europe is Ford Credit’s largest operation.
Ford Credit’s European operations are managed primarily through its United Kingdom-based subsidiary, FCE Bank plc (“FCE”).
Within Europe, FCE’s largest markets are the United Kingdom and Germany, representing 59% of FCE’s finance receivables and operating leases at year-end 2017.
The following table shows Ford Credit’s financing shares of new Ford and Lincoln vehicle retail sales in the United States and new Ford vehicles sold in Europe, as well as its wholesale financing shares of new Ford and Lincoln vehicles acquired by dealers in the United States and new Ford vehicles acquired by dealers in Europe:
## Table 3 ##
See Item 7 and Notes 10, 11, and 13 of the Notes to the Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of Ford Credit’s receivables, credit losses, allowance for credit losses, loss-to-receivables ratios, funding sources, and funding strategies.
See Item 7A for discussion of how Ford Credit manages its financial market risks.
We routinely sponsor special retail and lease incentives to dealers’ customers who choose to finance or lease our vehicles from Ford Credit.
In order to compensate Ford Credit for the lower interest or lease payments offered to the retail customer, we pay the discounted value of the incentive directly to Ford Credit when it originates the retail finance or lease contract with the dealer’s customer.
These programs increase Ford Credit’s financing volume and share.
See Note 2 of the Notes to the Financial Statements for information about our accounting for these programs.
We have an Amended and Restated Relationship Agreement with Ford Credit, pursuant to which, if Ford Credit’s managed leverage for a calendar quarter were to be higher than 11.5:1 (as reported in its most recent periodic report), Ford Credit could require us to make or cause to be made a capital contribution to it in an amount sufficient to have caused such managed leverage to have been 11.5:1.
No capital contributions have been made pursuant to this agreement.
The agreement also allocates to Ford Credit $3 billion of commitments under our corporate credit facility.
In a separate agreement with FCE, Ford Credit has agreed to maintain FCE’s net worth in excess of $500 million.
No payments have been made pursuant to that agreement.
Performance Graph The following graph is a comparison of the five-year cumulative return of our common shares, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (the “S&P 500 Index”) and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts’ (“NAREIT”) All Equity Index, a peer group index.
The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2007 in our common shares, the S&P 500 Index and the NAREIT All Equity Index and that all dividends were reinvested without the payment of any commissions.
There can be no assurance that the performance of our shares will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below.

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td>2004</td><td>2003</td><td>2002</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash flows from operating activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Automotive sector</td><td>$6,998</td><td>$2,948</td><td>$3,099</td></tr><tr><td>Financial Services sector</td><td>15,593</td><td>16,486</td><td>14,663</td></tr><tr><td>Sum of sector operating cash flows (prior presentation)</td><td>22,591</td><td>19,434</td><td>17,762</td></tr><tr><td>Reclassification from investing cash flows*</td><td>1,923</td><td>-2,154</td><td>-6,023</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated net cash flows from operating activities</td><td>$24,514</td><td>$17,280</td><td>$11,739</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash flows from investing activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Automotive sector</td><td>$-1,705</td><td>$-2,852</td><td>$-5,741</td></tr><tr><td>Financial Services sector</td><td>-6,862</td><td>1,404</td><td>3,923</td></tr><tr><td>Elimination of net intersector investing activity</td><td>-4,361</td><td>-3,708</td><td>-1,053</td></tr><tr><td>Sum of sector investing cash flows (prior presentation)</td><td>-12,928</td><td>-5,156</td><td>-2,871</td></tr><tr><td>Reclassification to operating cash flows*</td><td>-1,923</td><td>2,154</td><td>6,023</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated net cash flows from investing activities</td><td>$-14,851</td><td>$-3,002</td><td>$3,152</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">Pension Benefits</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="2">Worldwide OPEB</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Assumptions at December 31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>4.03%</td><td>3.60%</td><td>2.44%</td><td>2.33%</td><td>4.00%</td><td>3.61%</td></tr><tr><td>Average rate of increase in compensation</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.38</td><td>3.37</td><td>3.51</td><td>3.44</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost for the Year Ended December 31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate - Service Cost</td><td>4.60%</td><td>4.18%</td><td>3.36%</td><td>2.51%</td><td>4.53%</td><td>4.15%</td></tr><tr><td>Effective interest rate on benefit obligation</td><td>3.46</td><td>3.40</td><td>2.72</td><td>2.07</td><td>3.48</td><td>3.41</td></tr><tr><td>Expected long-term rate of return on assets</td><td>6.75</td><td>6.75</td><td>5.56</td><td>5.19</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Average rate of increase in compensation</td><td>3.80</td><td>3.50</td><td>3.40</td><td>3.38</td><td>3.81</td><td>3.44</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="6">Pension Benefits</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="3">Non-U.S. Plans</td><td colspan="3">Worldwide OPEB</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>$586</td><td>$510</td><td>$534</td><td>$532</td><td>$483</td><td>$566</td><td>$60</td><td>$49</td><td>$49</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>1,817</td><td>1,524</td><td>1,525</td><td>936</td><td>782</td><td>671</td><td>236</td><td>194</td><td>197</td></tr><tr><td>Expected return on assets</td><td>-2,928</td><td>-2,693</td><td>-2,734</td><td>-1,480</td><td>-1,339</td><td>-1,375</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)</td><td>155</td><td>170</td><td>143</td><td>47</td><td>38</td><td>37</td><td>-204</td><td>-142</td><td>-120</td></tr><tr><td>Net remeasurement (gain)/loss</td><td>1,964</td><td>900</td><td>-538</td><td>-974</td><td>1,876</td><td>407</td><td>-292</td><td>220</td><td>293</td></tr><tr><td>Separation programs/other</td><td>17</td><td>12</td><td>74</td><td>39</td><td>81</td><td>18</td><td>1</td><td>—</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Settlements and curtailments</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>-354</td><td>—</td><td>2</td><td>-3</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net periodic benefit cost/(income)</td><td>$1,611</td><td>$423</td><td>$-1,350</td><td>$-900</td><td>$1,923</td><td>$321</td><td>$-199</td><td>$321</td><td>$421</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Years Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>United States - Financing Share</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retail installment and lease share of Ford retail sales (excl. Fleet)</td><td>65%</td><td>56%</td><td>55%</td></tr><tr><td>Wholesale</td><td>76</td><td>76</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Europe - Financing Share(incl. Fleet)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retail installment and lease share of total Ford sales</td><td>37%</td><td>37%</td><td>37%</td></tr><tr><td>Wholesale</td><td>98</td><td>98</td><td>98</td></tr></table>

Question: Which year of Non-U.S. Plans is Separation programs/other the highest?
Answer: 2016