RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES The discussion of our annual results includes comparisons to non-GAAP financial measures.
The presentation of non-GAAP measures is intended to enhance the usefulness of financial information by removing certain items which management does not believe to be indicative of on-going business trends and allow evaluation of our baseline performance on a comparable basis.
Definitions of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar definitions used by other companies and are not a substitute for similar GAAP measures.
Presented below are reconciliations of the reported GAAP results to the non-GAAP measures.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
## Table 0 ##
## Table 1 ##
Compensation cost is generally recognized over the stated vesting period consistent with the terms of the arrangement (i. e. , either on a straight-line or graded-vesting basis).
Expense recognition is accelerated for retirement-eligible individuals who would meet the requirements for vesting of awards upon their retirement.
As of 30 September 2018, there was no unrecognized compensation cost as all stock option awards were fully vested.
Cash received from option exercises during fiscal year 2018 was $76.2.
The total tax benefit realized from stock option exercises in fiscal year 2018 was $25.8, of which $19.0 was the excess tax benefit.
Restricted Stock The grant-date fair value of restricted stock is estimated on the date of grant based on the closing price of the stock, and compensation cost is generally amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period during which employees perform related services.
Expense recognition is accelerated for retirement-eligible individuals who would meet the requirements for vesting of awards upon their retirement.
We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than to estimate them.
Forfeitures have not been significant historically.
We have issued shares of restricted stock to certain officers.
Participants are entitled to cash dividends and to vote their respective shares.
Restrictions on shares lift in one to four years or upon the earlier of retirement, death, or disability.
The shares are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture.
A summary of restricted stock activity is presented below:
## Table 2 ##
As of 30 September 2018, there was $.1 of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards.
The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.5 years.
The total fair value of restricted stock vested during fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $2.2, $4.1, and $4.3, respectively.
As discussed in Note 3, Discontinued Operations, Air Products completed the spin-off of Versum on 1 October 2016.
In connection with the spin-off, the Company adjusted the number of deferred stock units and stock options pursuant to existing anti-dilution provisions in the LTIP to preserve the intrinsic value of the awards immediately before and after the separation.
The outstanding awards will continue to vest over the original vesting period defined at the grant date.
Outstanding awards at the time of spin-off were primarily converted into awards of the holders' employer following the separation.
Stock awards held upon separation were adjusted based upon the conversion ratio of Air Products' New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) volume weighted-average closing stock price on 30 September 2016 ($150.35) to the NYSE volume weighted-average opening stock price on 3 October 2016 ($140.38), or 1.071.
The adjustment to the awards did not result in incremental fair value, and no incremental compensation expense was recorded related to the conversion of these awards.
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
## Table 3 ##
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains “forward-looking statements” within the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements about business outlook.
These forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations and assumptions as of the date of this report and are not guarantees of future performance.
Actual performance and financial results may differ materially from projections and estimates expressed in the forward-looking statements because of many factors not anticipated by management, including, without limitation, those described in our Forward-Looking Statements and Part I, Item 1A.
Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained in this report.
Unless otherwise indicated, financial information is presented on a continuing operations basis.
All comparisons in the discussion are to the corresponding prior year, unless otherwise stated.
All amounts presented are in accordance with U. S.  generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), except as noted.
All amounts are presented in millions of dollars, except for per share data, unless otherwise indicated.
Captions such as income from continuing operations attributable to Air Products, net income attributable to Air Products, and diluted earnings per share attributable to Air Products are simply referred to as “income from continuing operations,” “net income,” and “diluted earnings per share (EPS)” throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, unless otherwise stated.
The discussion of results that follows includes comparisons to certain non-GAAP ("adjusted") financial measures.
The presentation of non-GAAP measures is intended to provide investors, potential investors, securities analysts, and others with useful supplemental information to evaluate the performance of the business because such measures, when viewed together with our financial results computed in accordance with GAAP, provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our historical financial performance and projected future results.
The reconciliations of reported GAAP results to non-GAAP measures are presented on pages 33-39.
Descriptions of the excluded items appear on pages 25-28.  BUSINESS OVERVIEW Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.  is a world-leading Industrial Gases company in operation for over 75 years.
The Company’s core industrial gases business provides atmospheric, process, and specialty gases and related equipment to many industries including refining, chemical, gasification, metals, electronics, manufacturing, and food and beverage.
Air Products is also the world’s leading supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG) process technology and equipment.
With operations in 50 countries, in fiscal year 2018 we had sales of $8.9 billion, assets of $19.2 billion, and a worldwide workforce of approximately 16,300 full- and part-time employees.
As of 30 September 2018, our operations were organized into five reportable business segments: Industrial Gases – Americas; Industrial Gases – EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa); Industrial Gases – Asia; Industrial Gases – Global; and Corporate and other.
The financial statements and analysis that follow discuss our results based on these operations.
Refer to Note 25, Business Segment and Geographic Information, to the consolidated financial statements for additional details on our reportable business segments.

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">Continuing Operations</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Operating Income</td><td>Operating Margin (A)</td><td>Income</td><td>Diluted EPS</td><td>Net Income</td><td>Diluted EPS</td></tr><tr><td> 2013 GAAP</td><td>$1,324.4</td><td>13.0%</td><td>$1,004.2</td><td>$4.73</td><td>$994.2</td><td>$4.68</td></tr><tr><td> 2012 GAAP</td><td>1,282.4</td><td>13.3%</td><td>999.2</td><td>4.66</td><td>1,167.3</td><td>5.44</td></tr><tr><td>Change GAAP</td><td>$42.0</td><td>(30bp)</td><td>$5.0</td><td>$.07</td><td>-173.1</td><td>-.76</td></tr><tr><td>% Change GAAP</td><td>3%</td><td></td><td>1%</td><td>2%</td><td>-15%</td><td>-14%</td></tr><tr><td>2013 GAAP</td><td>$1,324.4</td><td>13.0%</td><td>$1,004.2</td><td>$4.73</td><td>$994.2</td><td>$4.68</td></tr><tr><td>Business restructuring and cost reduction plans (tax impact $73.7)</td><td>231.6</td><td>2.3%</td><td>157.9</td><td>.74</td><td>157.9</td><td>.74</td></tr><tr><td>Advisory costs (tax impact $3.7)</td><td>10.1</td><td>.1%</td><td>6.4</td><td>.03</td><td>6.4</td><td>.03</td></tr><tr><td> 2013 Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>$1,566.1</td><td>15.4%</td><td>$1,168.5</td><td>$5.50</td><td>$1,158.5</td><td>$5.45</td></tr><tr><td>2012 GAAP</td><td>$1,282.4</td><td>13.3%</td><td>$999.2</td><td>$4.66</td><td>$1,167.3</td><td>$5.44</td></tr><tr><td>Business restructuring and cost reduction plans (tax impact $105.0)</td><td>327.4</td><td>3.5%</td><td>222.4</td><td>1.03</td><td>222.4</td><td>1.03</td></tr><tr><td>Customer bankruptcy (tax impact $3.7)</td><td>9.8</td><td>.1%</td><td>6.1</td><td>.03</td><td>6.1</td><td>.03</td></tr><tr><td>Gain on previously held equity interest (tax impact $31.3)</td><td>-85.9</td><td>-.9%</td><td>-54.6</td><td>-.25</td><td>-54.6</td><td>-.25</td></tr><tr><td>Q1 Spanish tax settlement</td><td>—</td><td>—%</td><td>43.8</td><td>.20</td><td>43.8</td><td>.20</td></tr><tr><td>Q2 Spanish tax ruling</td><td>—</td><td>—%</td><td>-58.3</td><td>-.27</td><td>-58.3</td><td>-.27</td></tr><tr><td> 2012 Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>$1,533.7</td><td>16.0%</td><td>$1,158.6</td><td>$5.40</td><td>$1,326.7</td><td>$6.18</td></tr><tr><td>Change Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>$32.4</td><td>(60bp)</td><td>$9.9</td><td>$.10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>% Change Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>2%</td><td></td><td>1%</td><td>2%</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">Continuing Operations</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Operating Income</td><td>Operating Margin (A)</td><td>Income</td><td>Diluted EPS</td><td>Net Income</td><td>Diluted EPS</td></tr><tr><td> 2012 GAAP</td><td>$1,282.4</td><td>13.3%</td><td>$999.2</td><td>$4.66</td><td>$1,167.3</td><td>$5.44</td></tr><tr><td> 2011 GAAP</td><td>1,508.1</td><td>15.6%</td><td>1,134.3</td><td>5.22</td><td>1,224.2</td><td>5.63</td></tr><tr><td>Change GAAP</td><td>$-225.7</td><td>(230bp)</td><td>$-135.1</td><td>$-.56</td><td>$-56.9</td><td>$-.19</td></tr><tr><td>% Change GAAP</td><td>-15%</td><td></td><td>-12%</td><td>-11%</td><td>-5%</td><td>-3%</td></tr><tr><td> 2012 Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>$1,533.7</td><td>16.0%</td><td>$1,158.6</td><td>$5.40</td><td>$1,326.7</td><td>$6.18</td></tr><tr><td>2011 GAAP</td><td>$1,508.1</td><td>15.6%</td><td>$1,134.3</td><td>$5.22</td><td>$1,224.2</td><td>$5.63</td></tr><tr><td>Net loss on Airgas transaction (tax impact $16.9)</td><td>48.5</td><td>.5%</td><td>31.6</td><td>.14</td><td>31.6</td><td>.14</td></tr><tr><td> 2011 Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>$1,556.6</td><td>16.1%</td><td>$1,165.9</td><td>$5.36</td><td>$1,255.8</td><td>$5.77</td></tr><tr><td>Change Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>$-22.9</td><td>(10bp)</td><td>$-7.3</td><td>$.04</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>% Change Non-GAAP Measure</td><td>-1%</td><td></td><td>-1%</td><td>1%</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Restricted Stock</td><td>Shares -000</td><td>Weighted AverageGrant-Date Fair Value</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at 30 September 2017</td><td>56</td><td>$135.74</td></tr><tr><td>Vested</td><td>- 14</td><td>121.90</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at 30 September 2018</td><td>42</td><td>$140.28</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Business Overview</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>2018 in Summary</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>2019 Outlook</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Results of Operations</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Liquidity and Capital Resources</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Contractual Obligations</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Pension Benefits</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental Matters</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>Related Party Transactions</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Inflation</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>New Accounting Guidance</td><td>55</td></tr></table>

Question: what was the decrease observed in the total fair value of restricted stock that vested during 2017 and 2018?
Answer: -0.46341
Reasoning program: subtract(2.2,4.1), divide(#0,4.1)