On May 12, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the American Water Works Company, Inc.  2017 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan (the “2017 Omnibus Plan”).
A total of 7.2 million shares of common stock may be issued under the 2017 Omnibus Plan.
As of December 31, 2017, 7.2 million shares were available for grant under the 2017 Omnibus Plan.
The 2017 Omnibus Plan provides that grants of awards may be in any of the following forms: incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock units, stock awards, other stock-based awards and dividend equivalents, which may be granted only on stock units or other stock-based awards.
Following the approval of the 2017 Omnibus Plan, no additional awards are to be granted under the 2007 Plan.
However, shares will still be issued under the 2007 Plan pursuant to the terms of awards previously issued under that plan prior to May 12, 2017.
The cost of services received from employees in exchange for the issuance of stock options and restricted stock awards is measured based on the grant date fair value of the awards issued.
The value of stock options and RSUs awards at the date of the grant is amortized through expense over the three-year service period.
All awards granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015 are classified as equity.
The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock awards over the vesting period of the award.
The Company stratified its grant populations and used historic employee turnover rates to estimate employee forfeitures.
The estimated rate is compared to the actual forfeitures at the end of the reporting period and adjusted as necessary.
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense recorded in operation and maintenance expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31:
## Table 0 ##
There were no significant stock-based compensation costs capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
The Company receives a tax deduction based on the intrinsic value of the award at the exercise date for stock options and the distribution date for RSUs.
For each award, throughout the requisite service period, the Company recognizes the tax benefits, which have been included in deferred income tax assets, related to compensation costs.
The tax deductions in excess of the benefits recorded throughout the requisite service period are recorded to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and are presented in the financing section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Stock Options There were no grants of stock options to employees in 2017.
In 2016 and 2015, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to certain employees under the 2007 Plan.
The stock options vest ratably over the three-year service period beginning on January 1 of the year of the grant and have no performance vesting conditions.
Expense is recognized using the straight-line method and is amortized over the requisite service period.
The table below summarizes activity of RSUs with performance conditions for the year ended December 31, 2017:
## Table 1 ##
As of December 31, 2017, $6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested RSUs, with and without performance conditions, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining life of 1.5 years.
The total fair value of RSUs, with and without performance conditions, vested was $16 million, $14 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
If dividends are paid with respect to shares of the Company’s common stock before the RSUs are distributed, the Company credits a liability for the value of the dividends that would have been paid if the RSUs were shares of Company common stock.
When the RSUs are distributed, the Company pays the participant a lump sum cash payment equal to the value of the dividend equivalents accrued.
The Company accrued dividend equivalents totaling less than $1 million, $1 million and $1 million to accumulated deficit in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company maintains a nonqualified employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) through which employee participants may use payroll deductions to acquire Company common stock at the lesser of 90% of the fair market value of the common stock at either the beginning or the end of a three-month purchase period.
On February 15, 2017, the Board adopted the American Water Works Company, Inc.  and its Designated Subsidiaries 2017 Nonqualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which was approved by stockholders on May 12, 2017 and took effect on August 5, 2017.
The prior plan was terminated as to new purchases of Company stock effective August 31, 2017.
As of December 31, 2017, there were 2.0 million shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP.
The ESPP is considered compensatory.
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company issued 93 thousand, 93 thousand and 98 thousand shares, respectively, under the ESPP.
Deposits—Deposits include escrow funds and certain other deposits held in trust.
The Company includes cash deposits in other current assets.
Deferred compensation obligations—The Company’s deferred compensation plans allow participants to defer certain cash compensation into notional investment accounts.
The Company includes such plans in other long-term liabilities.
The value of the Company’s deferred compensation obligations is based on the market value of the participants’ notional investment accounts.
The notional investments are comprised primarily of mutual funds, which are based on observable market prices.
Mark-to-market derivative asset and liability—The Company utilizes fixed-to-floating interest-rate swaps, typically designated as fair-value hedges, to achieve a targeted level of variable-rate debt as a percentage of total debt.
The Company also employs derivative financial instruments in the form of variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps and forward starting interest rate swaps, classified as economic hedges and cash flow hedges, respectively, in order to fix the interest cost on existing or forecasted debt.
The Company uses a calculation of future cash inflows and estimated future outflows, which are discounted, to determine the current fair value.
Additional inputs to the present value calculation include the contract terms, counterparty credit risk, interest rates and market volatility.
Other investments—Other investments primarily represent money market funds used for active employee benefits.
The Company includes other investments in other current assets.
Note 18: Leases The Company has entered into operating leases involving certain facilities and equipment.
Rental expenses under operating leases were $29 million, $24 million and $21 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The operating leases for facilities will expire over the next 25 years and the operating leases for equipment will expire over the next 5 years.
Certain operating leases have renewal options ranging from one to five years.
The minimum annual future rental commitment under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms over the next 5 years and thereafter are as follows:
## Table 2 ##
The Company has a series of agreements with various public entities (the “Partners”) to establish certain joint ventures, commonly referred to as “public-private partnerships.
” Under the public-private partnerships, the Company constructed utility plant, financed by the Company and the Partners constructed utility plant (connected to the Company’s property), financed by the Partners.
The Company agreed to transfer and convey some of its real and personal property to the Partners in exchange for an equal principal amount of Industrial Development Bonds (“IDBs”), issued by the Partners under a state Industrial Development Bond and Commercial Development Act.
The Company leased back the total facilities, including portions funded by both the Company and the Partners, under leases for a period of 40 years.
The leases related to the portion of the facilities funded by the Company have required payments from the Company to the Partners that approximate the payments required by the terms of the IDBs from the Partners to the Company (as the holder of the IDBs).
As the ownership of the portion of the facilities constructed by the
ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
## Table 3 ##
(a) In November 2014, we disposed of our Class B Biosolids operating segment by selling our subsidiary, Terratec Environmental Ltd (“Terratec”) in Ontario, Canada.
The results of Terratec are presented as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from Income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
(b) The information for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of Accounting Standard Update 2015-15, Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which was adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2015.
(c) The information for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of Accounting Standard Update 2015-17, Income Taxes, which was adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2015.
(d) The information for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of Accounting Standard Update 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which was adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2017.
(e) The information for the year ended December 31, 2013, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of Accounting Standard Update 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which was adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2017.
(f) The information for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of Accounting Standard Update 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)—Restricted Cash, which was adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2017.
We expect that the enactment of the TCJA to be accretive to our consolidated earnings over time through (i) growth in rate base for the same level of expected capital expenditures due to the impact of the lower U. S.  federal corporate income tax rate and the re-measurement of our deferred income tax assets and liabilities, (ii) increased earnings in our Market-Based Businesses due to the lower U. S.  federal corporate income tax rate, all partially offset by (iii) the lower tax shield on interest expense at the parent, as well as increased debt levels from lower cash flows from operations as we pass the lower tax rate benefits to our regulated customers.
We believe that we will likely begin paying federal income taxes towards the end of 2019, when we expect our federal NOL carryforwards balance will be fully used, and expect to be a full year cash taxpayer by 2020, although this timing could be impacted by any significant changes in our future results of operations and the outcome of regulatory proceedings regarding the TCJA.
Cash flows provided by operating activities have been a reliable, steady source of funding, sufficient to meet operating requirements and fund the majority of our capital investments.
We expect to seek access to debt capital markets to meet the balance of our capital investment, if any, and fund our dividend payments, as needed.
We also have access to equity capital markets, if needed.
We do not foresee the need to access equity markets over the next five years under normal operating conditions.
Operating cash flows can be negatively affected by changes in our rate regulated environments, changes in our Market-Based Businesses, changes in the economy, interest rates, the timing of tax payments, and our customers’ ability to pay for service in a timely manner, among other items.
We can provide no assurance that our customers’ historical payment pattern will continue in the future.
Sometimes our current liabilities exceed current assets mainly from debt maturities due within one year and the periodic use of short-term debt as a funding source, primarily to meet scheduled maturities of long-term debt, fund acquisitions and construction projects, as well as cash needs which can fluctuate significantly due to the seasonality of the business.
We address cash timing differences through the aforementioned liquidity funding mechanisms.
The following table provides a summary of the major items affecting our cash flows provided by operating activities:

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>Stock options</td><td>$1</td><td>$2</td><td>$2</td></tr><tr><td>RSUs</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Nonqualified employee stock purchase plan</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation</td><td>11</td><td>11</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax benefit</td><td>-4</td><td>-4</td><td>-4</td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax</td><td>$7</td><td>$7</td><td>$7</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>Shares(In thousands)</td><td>WeightedAverage GrantDate Fair Value(Per share)</td></tr><tr><td>Non-vested total as of December 31, 2016</td><td>309</td><td>$55.94</td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>186</td><td>63.10</td></tr><tr><td>Vested</td><td>-204</td><td>46.10</td></tr><tr><td>Forfeited</td><td>-10</td><td>70.50</td></tr><tr><td>Non-vested total as of December 31, 2017</td><td>281</td><td>$67.33</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>Amount</td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>$15</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Thereafter</td><td>65</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">For the Years Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>(In millions, except per share data)</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td></tr><tr><td>Statement of Operations data:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating revenues</td><td>$3,357</td><td>$3,302</td><td>$3,159</td><td>$3,011</td><td>$2,879</td></tr><tr><td>Income from continuing operations(a)</td><td>426</td><td>468</td><td>476</td><td>430</td><td>371</td></tr><tr><td>Income from continuing operations per basic common share(a)</td><td>$2.39</td><td>$2.63</td><td>$2.66</td><td>$2.40</td><td>$2.08</td></tr><tr><td>Income from continuing operations per diluted common share(a)</td><td>2.38</td><td>2.62</td><td>2.64</td><td>2.39</td><td>2.07</td></tr><tr><td>Balance Sheet data:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total assets(b) (c)</td><td>$19,482</td><td>$18,482</td><td>$17,241</td><td>$16,038</td><td>$15,064</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt and redeemable preferred stock at redemption value(b)</td><td>6,498</td><td>5,759</td><td>5,874</td><td>5,442</td><td>5,225</td></tr><tr><td>Other data:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividends declared per common share</td><td>$1.66</td><td>$1.50</td><td>$1.36</td><td>$1.24</td><td>$1.12</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities(d) (e) (f)</td><td>1,449</td><td>1,289</td><td>1,195</td><td>1,122</td><td>956</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in investing activities(f)</td><td>-1,672</td><td>-1,590</td><td>-1,459</td><td>-1,029</td><td>-1,068</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(d) (e) (f)</td><td>207</td><td>328</td><td>290</td><td>-104</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditures included in net cash used in investing activities</td><td>-1,434</td><td>-1,311</td><td>-1,160</td><td>-956</td><td>-980</td></tr></table>

Question: What's the difference of Income from continuing operations(a)between 2016 and 2017? (in million)
Answer: 42
Reasoning program: subtract(468,426)