American International Group, Inc.  and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Continued Japan and Other Results Japan and Other results on a sub-product basis for 2007, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:
## Table 0 ##
(a) Includes the effect of an out of period UCITS adjustment in 2006, which increased both net investment income and operating income by $29 million.2007 and 2006 Comparison Total revenues for Japan and Other in 2007 increased compared to 2006, primarily due to higher premiums and other considera- tions and net investment income partially offset by net realized capital losses.
Net investment income increased in 2007 com- pared to 2006 due to higher levels ofassets under management and higher policyholder trading gains partially offset by lower partnership and mutual fund income.
Operating income decreased in 2007 compared to 2006 due principally to net realized capital losses, a $187 million charge related to changes in actuarialestimates, trading account losses of $150 million in the U. K.  associated with certain investment-linked products,$67 million of additional claim expense related to the industrywide regulatory review of claims in Japan and increased incurred policyholder bene?ts of $36 million related to a closed block of Japanese business with guaranteed bene?ts.
These decreases were partially offset by the positive effect of foreign exchange rates.
Life insurance premiums and other considerations increased moderately in 2007 compared to 2006.
In Japan, single premium sales of U. S.  dollar denominated interest sensitive whole life
American International Group, Inc.  and Subsidiaries 9.
Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses andFuture Life Policy Benefits and Policyholders'Contract Deposits Continued The analysis of the future policy benefits and policyholders'contract deposits liabilities follows:
## Table 1 ##
Long duration contract liabilities included in future policy benefits,as presented in the preceding table, result primarily fromlife products.
Short duration contract liabilities are primarily accident and health products.
The liability for future life policybenefits has been established based upon the following assumptions: (lnterest rates (exclusive of immediate/terminal fundingannuities),which vary by territory, year of issuance andproducts,range from 1.0 percent to 12.5 percent within thefirst 20 years.
Interest rates on immediate/terminal fundingannuities are at a maximum of 11.5 percent and grade to notgreater than 6. o percent.
(Mortality and surrender rates are based upon actual experienceby geographical area modified to allow for variations in policy form.
The weighted average lapse rate,including surrenders,for individual and group life approximated 5.7 percent.
(The portions of current and prior net income and of currentunrealized appreciation of investments that can inure to thebenefit of AlG are restricted in some cases by the insurancecontracts and by the local insurance regulations of the jurisdictions in which the policies are in force.
(Participating life business represented approximately 12 percent of the gross insurance in force at December 31,2007 and 25 percent of gross premiums and other considerations in 2007.
The amount of annual dividends to bepaid is determined locally by the boards of directors.
Provisionsfor future dividend payments are computed by jurisdiction, reflecting local regulations.
The liability for policyholders' contract deposits has beenestablished based on the following assumptions: (lnterest rates credited on deferred annuities, which vary byterritory and year of issuance，range from 1.4 percent to,including bonuses,13.0 percent.
Less than 1.0 percent of theliabilities are credited at a rate greater than 9.0 percent.
current declared interest rates are generally guaranteed toremain in effect for a period of one year though some areguaranteed for longer periods.
Withdrawal charges generallyrange from zero percent to 20.0 percent grading to zero over aperiod of zero to 19 years.
(Domestically, guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) have market value withdrawal provisions for any funds withdrawn other than bene?t responsive payments.
Interest rates credited generally range from 2.8 percent to 9.0 percent.
The vast majority of these GICs mature within ?ve years.
(Interest rates on corporate life insurance products are guaranteed at 4.0 percent and the weighted average rate credited in 2007 was 5.2 percent.
(The universal life funds have credited interest rates of 1.0 percent to 7.0 percent and guarantees ranging from 1.0 percent to 5.5 percent depending on the year of issue.
Additionally, universal life funds are subject to surrender charges that amount to 12.0 percent of the aggregate fund balance grading to zero over a period not longer than 20 years.
(For variable products and investment contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units.
Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio.
The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio.
The current liability at any time is the sum of the current unit value of all investment units plus any liability for guaranteed minimum death or withdrawal bene?ts.
Certain products are subject to experience adjustments.
These include group life and group medical products, credit life contracts, accident and health insurance contracts/riders attached to life policies and, to a limited extent, reinsurance agreements with other direct insurers.
Ultimate premiums from these contracts are estimated and recognized as revenue, and the unearned portions of the premiums recorded as liabilities.
Experience adjustments vary according to the type of contract and the territory in which the policy is in force and are subject to local regulatory guidance.10.
Variable Life and Annuity Contracts AIG follows American Institute of Certi?ed Public Accountants Statement of Position 03-1 (SOP 03-1), which requires recognition of a liability for guaranteed minimum death bene?ts and other living bene?ts related to variable annuity and variable life contracts as well as certain disclosures for these products.
AIG reports variable contracts through separate and variable accounts when investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, and investment risk is borne by, the contract holder (traditional variable annuities), and the separate account quali?es for separate account treatment under SOP 03-1.
In some foreign jurisdictions, separate accounts are not legally insulated from general account creditors and therefore do not qualify for separate account treatment under SOP 03-1.
In such cases, the variable contracts are reported as general account contracts even though the policyholder bears the risks associated with the performance of the assets.
AIG also reports variable
American International Group, Inc.  and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Continued 17.
Share-based Employee Compensation Plans Continued Additional information with respect to AIG’s stock option plans at December 31, 2007, and changes for the year then ended, were as follows:
## Table 2 ##
* Includes options with respect to 8,489,584 shares exercised with delivery deferred, resulting in obligations to issue 4,138,713 shares.
Vested and expected-to-vest options at December 31,2007,ihcluded in the table above, totaled 34,349,762,with a weightedaverage exercise price of $64.14,a weighted average contractuallife of 4.46 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $57 million.
AtDecember 31,2007 , total unrecognized compensation cost (net of expected forfeitures) was $100 million and $3 million relatedto non-vested share-based compensation awards granted under the1999 Plan and the 1996 Plan,respectively, with blended weightedaverage periods of 1.38 years and 0.41 years，respectively.
The costof awards outstanding under these plans at December 31,2007 isexpected to be recognized over approximately four years and oneyear, respectively, for the 1999 Plan and the 1996 Plan.
The intrinsic value of options exercised during 2007 wasapproximately $360 million.
The fair value of options vestingduring 2007 was approximately $63 million.
AlG received $482 million and $104 million in cash during 2007 and 2006,respectively,from the exercise of stock options.
The tax benefitsrealized as a result of stock option exercises were $16 millionand $35 million in 2007 and 20o6, respectively.2002 Stock Incentive Plan The 2002 Plan was adopted at the 2002 Annual Meeting ofshareholders and amended and restated by AlG's Board ofDirectors on September 18,2002.
During 2007 and 2006,179,106 and 6,836,785 RSUs, respectively，including perform-ance RSUs, were granted under the 2002 Plan.
Because the2002 Plan has been superseded by the 2007 Plan,there were noshares reser ved for issuance in connection with future awards atDecember 31,2007.
Substantially all time-vested RSUs granted under the 2002 Plan vest on the fourth anniversary of the date of grant.2007 Stock Incentive Plan The 2007 Plan was adopted at the 2007 Annual Meeting ofshareholders and amended and restated by AlG's Board of Directors on November 14,2007.
The 2007 Plan supersedes the1999 Plan and the 2002 Plan.
During 2007,7,121,252 RSUs,incl uding performance RSUs were granted under the 2007 Plan.
Each RSU,performance Rsu and DSU awarded reduces thenumber of shares available for future grants by 2.9 shares.
AtDecember 31,2007 , there were 157,562,672 shares reservedfor issuance under the 2007 Plan.
A significant majority of thetime-vested RSUs granted in 2007 under the 2007 Plan vest onthe fourth anniversary of the date of grant.
Non-Employee Director Stock Awards The methodology used for valuing employee stock options is alsoused to value director stock options.
Director stock options vest oneyear after the grant date, but are otherwise the same as employeestock options.
Commencing in 2007, directors no longer receiveawards of options.
Options with respect to 40,0o0 shares and32,500 shares were granted during 2006 and 2005,respectively.
In 2007, AlG granted to directors 22,542 DSUs,including DSUsrepresenting dividend-equivalent amounts.
AlG also granted to directors 6,375 shares,14,000 shares and 6,250 shares， with deliverydeferred, during 2007, 2006 and 2005,respectively,under theDirector Stock Plan.
Cash flows from operating activities can fluctuate significantly from period to period, as pension funding decisions, tax timing differences and other items can significantly impact cash flows.
In both 2007 and 2006, the Company made discretionary contributions of $200 million to its U. S.  qualified pension plan, and in 2005 made discretionary contributions totaling $500 million.
In 2007, cash flows provided by operating activities increased $436 million, including an increase in net income of $245 million.
Since the gain from sale of businesses is included in and increases net income, the pre-tax gain from the sale of the businesses must be subtracted, as shown above, to properly reflect operating cash flows.
The cash proceeds from the sale of the pharmaceuticals business are shown as part of cash from investing activities; however, when the related taxes are paid they are required to be shown as part of cash provided by operating activities.
Thus, operating cash flows for 2007 were penalized due to cash income tax payments of approximately $630 million in 2007 that related to the sale of the global branded pharmaceuticals business.
Non-pharmaceutical related cash income tax payments were approximately $475 million lower than 2006 due to normal timing differences in tax payments, which benefited cash flows.
Accounts receivable and inventory increases reduced cash flows in 2007, but decreased cash flow less than in 2006, resulting in a year-on-year benefit to cash flows of $323 million.
The category “Other-net” in the preceding table reflects changes in other asset and liability accounts, including the impact of cash payments made in connection with 3M’s restructuring actions (Note 4).
In 2006, cash flows provided by operating activities decreased $365 million.
This decrease was due in large part to an increase of approximately $600 million in tax payments in 2006 compared with 2005.
The higher tax payments in 2006 primarily related to the Company’s repatriation of $1.7 billion of foreign earnings in the United States pursuant to the provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.
The category “Other-net” in the preceding table reflects changes in other asset and liability accounts, including outstanding liabilities at December 31, 2006, related to 3M’s restructuring actions (Note 4).
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
## Table 3 ##
Investments in property, plant and equipment enable growth in diverse markets, helping to meet product demand and increasing manufacturing efficiency.
In 2007, numerous plants were opened or expanded internationally.
This included two facilities in Korea (respirator manufacturing facility and optical plant), an optical plant in Poland, industrial adhesives/tapes facilities in both Brazil and the Philippines, a plant in Russia (corrosion protection, industrial adhesive and tapes, and respirators), a plant in China (optical systems, industrial adhesives and tapes, and personal care), an expansion in Canada (construction and home improvement business), in addition to investments in India, Mexico and other countries.
In addition, 3M expanded manufacturing capabilities in the U. S. , including investments in industrial adhesives/tapes and optical.3M also exited several high-cost underutilized manufacturing facilities and streamlined several supply chains by relocating equipment from one facility to another.
The streamlining work has primarily occurred inside the U. S.  and is in addition to the streamlining achieved through plant construction.
As a result of this increased activity, capital expenditures were $1.422 billion in 2007, an increase of $254 million when compared to 2006.
The Company expects capital expenditures to total approximately $1.3 billion to $1.4 billion in 2008.
Refer to the preceding “Capital Spending/Net Property, Plant and Equipment” section for more detail.
Refer to Note 2 for information on 2007, 2006 and 2005 acquisitions.
Note 2 also provides information on the proceeds from the sale of businesses.
The Company is actively considering additional acquisitions, investments and strategic alliances, and from time to time may also divest certain businesses.
Purchases of marketable securities and investments and proceeds from sale (or maturities) of marketable securities and investments are primarily attributable to asset-backed securities, agency securities, corporate medium-term note securities, auction rate securities and other securities, which are classified as available-for-sale.
Refer to Note 9 for more details about 3M’s diversified marketable securities portfolio, which totaled $1.059 billion as of December 31, 2007.
Purchases of marketable securities, net of sales and maturities, totaled $429 million for 2007 and $637 million for 2006.
Purchases of investments in 2005 include the purchase of 19% of TI&M Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH for

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td><i>(in millions)</i></td><td>Premiums and Other Considerations</td><td>Net Investment Income</td><td>Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)</td><td>Total Revenues</td><td>Operating Income</td></tr><tr><td> 2007</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Life insurance</td><td>$4,999</td><td>$2,113</td><td>$-92</td><td>$7,020</td><td>$1,193</td></tr><tr><td>Personal accident</td><td>4,225</td><td>204</td><td>-1</td><td>4,428</td><td>1,071</td></tr><tr><td>Group products</td><td>2,318</td><td>626</td><td>1</td><td>2,945</td><td>250</td></tr><tr><td>Individual fixed annuities</td><td>386</td><td>2,160</td><td>-181</td><td>2,365</td><td>500</td></tr><tr><td>Individual variable annuities</td><td>459</td><td>980</td><td>-21</td><td>1,418</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$12,387</td><td>$6,083</td><td>$-294</td><td>$18,176</td><td>$3,044</td></tr><tr><td>2006</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Life insurance<i><sup>(a)</sup></i></td><td>$4,783</td><td>$1,749</td><td>$316</td><td>$6,848</td><td>$1,731</td></tr><tr><td>Personal accident</td><td>3,957</td><td>162</td><td>49</td><td>4,168</td><td>1,122</td></tr><tr><td>Group products</td><td>1,740</td><td>541</td><td>13</td><td>2,294</td><td>272</td></tr><tr><td>Individual fixed annuities</td><td>337</td><td>1,930</td><td>28</td><td>2,295</td><td>553</td></tr><tr><td>Individual variable annuities</td><td>289</td><td>857</td><td>—</td><td>1,146</td><td>143</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$11,106</td><td>$5,239</td><td>$406</td><td>$16,751</td><td>$3,821</td></tr><tr><td>2005</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Life insurance</td><td>$4,864</td><td>$1,828</td><td>$-52</td><td>$6,640</td><td>$1,288</td></tr><tr><td>Personal accident</td><td>3,788</td><td>137</td><td>-15</td><td>3,910</td><td>1,051</td></tr><tr><td>Group products</td><td>1,473</td><td>535</td><td>-34</td><td>1,974</td><td>191</td></tr><tr><td>Individual fixed annuities</td><td>292</td><td>1,672</td><td>29</td><td>1,993</td><td>390</td></tr><tr><td>Individual variable annuities</td><td>186</td><td>1,234</td><td>—</td><td>1,420</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$10,603</td><td>$5,406</td><td>$-72</td><td>$15,937</td><td>$3,020</td></tr><tr><td> Percentage Increase/(Decrease) 2007 vs. 2006:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Life insurance</td><td>5%</td><td>21%</td><td>—%</td><td>3%</td><td>-31%</td></tr><tr><td>Personal accident</td><td>7</td><td>26</td><td>—</td><td>6</td><td>-5</td></tr><tr><td>Group products</td><td>33</td><td>16</td><td>-92</td><td>28</td><td>-8</td></tr><tr><td>Individual fixed annuities</td><td>15</td><td>12</td><td>—</td><td>3</td><td>-10</td></tr><tr><td>Individual variable annuities</td><td>59</td><td>14</td><td>—</td><td>24</td><td>-79</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>12%</td><td>16%</td><td>—%</td><td>9%</td><td>-20%</td></tr><tr><td>Percentage Increase/(Decrease) 2006 vs. 2005:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Life insurance</td><td>-2%</td><td>-4%</td><td>—%</td><td>3%</td><td>34%</td></tr><tr><td>Personal accident</td><td>4</td><td>18</td><td>—</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Group products</td><td>18</td><td>1</td><td>—</td><td>16</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Individual fixed annuities</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>-3</td><td>15</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Individual variable annuities</td><td>55</td><td>-31</td><td>—</td><td>-19</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>5%</td><td>-3%</td><td>—%</td><td>5%</td><td>27%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td><i>(in millions)</i></td><td> 2007</td><td>2006</td></tr><tr><td>Future policy benefits:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Long duration contracts</td><td>$135,202</td><td>$120,138</td></tr><tr><td>Short duration contracts</td><td>866</td><td>866</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$136,068</td><td>$121,004</td></tr><tr><td>Policyholders’ contract deposits:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Annuities</td><td>$140,444</td><td>$141,826</td></tr><tr><td>Guaranteed investment contracts</td><td>25,321</td><td>33,054</td></tr><tr><td>Universal life products</td><td>27,114</td><td>22,497</td></tr><tr><td>Variable products</td><td>46,407</td><td>34,821</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate life products</td><td>2,124</td><td>2,083</td></tr><tr><td>Other investment contracts</td><td>17,049</td><td>13,983</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$258,459</td><td>$248,264</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Options:</td><td>Shares</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td>Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life</td><td>Aggregate Intrinsic Values (in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at beginning of year</td><td>47,655,720</td><td>$57.99</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>1,738,530</td><td>$57.43</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Exercised*</td><td>-12,308,493</td><td>$40.00</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forfeited or expired</td><td>-721,988</td><td>$69.00</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at end of year</td><td>36,363,769</td><td>$63.83</td><td>4.81</td><td>$59</td></tr><tr><td>Options exercisable at end of year</td><td>30,703,527</td><td>$63.98</td><td>4.10</td><td>$57</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average fair value per share of options granted</td><td></td><td>$20.97</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>(Millions)</td><td>2007</td><td>2006</td><td>2005</td></tr><tr><td>Purchases of property, plant and equipment (PP&E)</td><td>$-1,422</td><td>$-1,168</td><td>$-943</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from sale of PP&E and other assets</td><td>103</td><td>49</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisitions, net of cash acquired</td><td>-539</td><td>-888</td><td>-1,293</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from sale of businesses</td><td>897</td><td>1,209</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Purchases and proceeds from sale or maturities of marketable securities and investments — net</td><td>-406</td><td>-662</td><td>-46</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in investing activities</td><td>$-1,367</td><td>$-1,460</td><td>$-2,241</td></tr></table>

Question: in 2006 what was the ratio of the increase in tax payments in 2005 and 2006 to the decrease in cash
Answer: 1.64384
Reasoning program: divide(600,365)