Albemarle Corporation and Subsidiaries 33 See below for a reconciliation of segment operating profit and segment income, the non-GAAP financial measures, to operating profit and net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, respectively, the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP.
## Table 0 ##
(a) Excludes corporate equity income and noncontrolling interest adjustments of $535 and $6 for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Polymer Solutions Polymer Solutions segment net sales for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $903.7 million, up $206.5 million, or 30%, in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2009.
This increase was mainly due to the impact of higher volumes of 25% (net of $42.9 million in unfavorable net sales impact from the January 1, 2010 Stannica LLC deconsolidation) and favorable price/mix impacts of 6%, offset in part by unfavorable foreign exchange impacts of 1% (mainly the weaker Euro).
The increase in volumes, directly resulting from improved economic conditions over 2009, was primarily in our fire safety portfolio in the consumer electronics, automotive and construction sectors, while our stabilizers and curatives product lines also showed higher volumes in antioxidants and curatives.
Segment income for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $198.3 million versus $61.4 million for 2009.
The year-over-year improvement in operating performance was due mainly to the sales volume and price/mix improvements noted above, as well as higher production volumes which contributed to favorable fixed cost absorption.
Also, Polymer Solutions segment income for 2010 benefited from higher equity in net income of $5.2 million from its unconsolidated investment Magnifin due to increased demand in the automotive sector compared to the prior year, as well as the favorable impact of the January 1, 2010 deconsolidation of Stannica LLC (which reported $3.7 million in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Polymer Solutions segment results during the year ended December 31, 2009).
These favorable items were partially offset by $4.0 million in higher net income attributable to noncontrolling interests resulting from improved performance in our JBC joint venture.
Catalysts Catalysts segment net sales for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $890.0 million, an increase of $81.9 million, or 10%, versus the year ended December 31, 2009.
This increase was due mainly to higher volumes in refinery catalysts, particularly FCC refinery catalysts (due to higher refinery operating rates) and alternative fuels, as well as an increase in volumes in polyolefin catalysts arising from stronger customer demand over the challenged 2009 year.
Catalysts segment income increased 67%, or $100.1 million, to $248.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009.
This increase was mainly in our HPC business due mainly to improved realization of metals cost pass-through impacts year-over-year, as well as favorable sales
Albemarle Corporation and Subsidiaries 37 segment income because management believes that these financial measures provide transparency to investors and enable period-toperiod comparability of financial performance.
Segment operating profit and segment income should not be considered as an alternative to operating profit or net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, respectively, as determined in accordance with GAAP.
See below for a reconciliation of segment operating profit and segment income, the non-GAAP financial measures, to operating profit and net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, respectively, the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP.
## Table 1 ##
(a) Excludes corporate equity income and noncontrolling interest adjustments of $6 and $362 for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Polymer Solutions Our Polymer Solutions segment recorded net sales for 2009 of $697.2 million, down $218.3 million, or 24%, versus 2008.
This decline was primarily due to lower volumes of 19%, mix of 4%, and unfavorable foreign currency of 1% (mainly strengthening of the U. S.  Dollar).
The decrease in volumes was primarily in our flame retardants portfolio as a result of softness in the consumer electronics, automotive and construction sectors as well as unfavorable mix.
The decrease was also attributable to volume declines in our stabilizers and curatives business due mainly to overall reduced demand in the antioxidants and special intermediates product sectors, as well as unfavorable mix impacts.
Polymer Solutions segment income decreased by 31% to $61.4 million for 2009 as compared to 2008 due mainly to lower sales volumes as well as lower production volumes which contributed to unfavorable fixed cost absorption, unfavorable product mix in stabilizers and curatives, and impacts from foreign currency exchange rates due mainly to the stronger U. S.  Dollar, partially offset by lower discretionary spending including $15.5 million in lower SG&A/R&D department spending for the segment in connection with our recent cost saving actions.
Catalysts Our Catalysts segment recorded net sales for 2009 of $808.1 million, down $115.7 million, or 13%, versus 2008.
This overall decrease was due mainly to an 8% overall decline in price/mix mainly from lower HPC metals price pass through impacts, offset in part by price/mix gains in FCC refinery catalysts.
Also, volume decreases contributed 4% of the net sales decline in the segment, mainly in FCC refinery catalysts due to lower refinery operating rates.
Unfavorable foreign currency impacts of 1% were attributable mainly to the strengthening of the U. S.  Dollar.
Segment income for Catalysts decreased $14.0 million or 9%, to $148.6 million due mainly to price/mix impacts mainly from unfavorable metals price pass through impacts on HPC refinery catalysts, partially offset by
NOTE 18—Income Taxes: Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments and current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) are composed of the following (in thousands):
## Table 2 ##
(a) Current income tax expense – Federal for the year ended December 31, 2010 is net of a tax benefit from an NOL carryforward of $9.6 million.
The significant differences between the U. S.  federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate are as follows:
## Table 3 ##
(a) In 2008, we recorded valuation allowances of $26.7 million, which is predominantly related to the divestiture of our Port de Bouc, France operations, that will more likely than not expire unused.
(b) In prior years, we designated the undistributed earnings of substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries as permanently reinvested.
The benefit of the lower tax rates in the jurisdictions for which we made this designation have been reflected in our effective income tax rate.
During 2010, 2009 and 2008, we received distributions of $68.7 million, $6.1 million and $35.1 million, respectively, from various foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures and realized an (expense) benefit, net of foreign tax credits, of $(2.7) million, $(0.2) million and $2.5 million, respectively, related to the repatriation of these high taxed earnings.
We have asserted for all periods being reported, permanent reinvestment of our share of the income of JBC, a Free Zones company under the laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The applicable provisions of the
Baker Hughes, a GE company Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements It is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months due to expiring statutes, audit activity, tax payments, and competent authority proceedings related to transfer pricing or final decisions in matters that are the subject of litigation in various taxing jurisdictions in which we operate.
At December 31, 2018, we had approximately $96 million of tax liabilities, net of $1 million of tax assets, related to uncertain tax positions, each of which are individually insignificant, and each of which are reasonably possible of being settled within the next twelve months.
We conduct business in more than 120 countries and are subject to income taxes in most taxing jurisdictions in which we operate.
All Internal Revenue Service examinations have been completed and closed through year end 2015 for the most significant U. S.  returns.
We believe there are no other jurisdictions in which the outcome of unresolved issues or claims is likely to be material to our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
We further believe that we have made adequate provision for all income tax uncertainties.
NOTE 13.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In July 2017, we adopted the BHGE 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTI Plan) under which we may grant stock options and other equity-based awards to employees and non-employee directors providing services to the Company and our subsidiaries.
A total of up to 57.4 million shares of Class A common stock are authorized for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the LTI Plan over its term which expires on the date of the annual meeting of the Company in 2027.
A total of 46.2 million shares of Class A common stock are available for issuance as of December 31, 2018.
Stock-based compensation cost was $121 million and $37 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the date of grant based on the calculated fair value of the award and is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the equity grant.
The compensation cost is determined based on awards ultimately expected to vest; therefore, we have reduced the cost for estimated forfeitures based on historical forfeiture rates.
Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods to reflect actual forfeitures.
There were no stock-based compensation costs capitalized as the amounts were not material.
Stock Options We may grant stock options to our officers, directors and key employees.
Stock options generally vest in equal amounts over a three-year vesting period provided that the employee has remained continuously employed by the Company through such vesting date.
The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated using the BlackScholes option pricing model.
The following table presents the weighted average assumptions used in the option pricing model for options granted under the LTI Plan.
The expected life of the options represents the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding.
The expected life is based on a simple average of the vesting term and original contractual term of the awards.
The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our five main competitors over a six year period.
The risk-free interest rate is based on the observed U. S.  Treasury yield curve in effect at the time the options were granted.
The dividend yield is based on a five year history of dividend payouts in Baker Hughes.
## Table 4 ##

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(In thousands)</td></tr><tr><td>Total segment operating profit</td><td>$494,311</td><td>$246,060</td></tr><tr><td>Add (less):</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & other<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>-72,505</td><td>-35,744</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring and other charges</td><td>-6,958</td><td>-11,643</td></tr><tr><td>Port de Bouc facility disposition charges</td><td>—</td><td>-12,393</td></tr><tr><td> GAAP Operating profit</td><td>$414,848</td><td>$186,280</td></tr><tr><td>Total segment income</td><td>$519,182</td><td>$257,133</td></tr><tr><td>Add (less):</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & other</td><td>-73,040</td><td>-35,750</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring and other charges</td><td>-6,958</td><td>-11,643</td></tr><tr><td>Port de Bouc facility disposition charges</td><td>—</td><td>-12,393</td></tr><tr><td>Interest and financing expenses</td><td>-25,533</td><td>-24,584</td></tr><tr><td>Other income (expense), net</td><td>2,788</td><td>-1,423</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax (expense) benefit</td><td>-92,719</td><td>7,028</td></tr><tr><td> GAAP Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation</td><td>$323,720</td><td>$178,368</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(In thousands)</td></tr><tr><td>Total segment operating profit</td><td>$246,060</td><td>$335,210</td></tr><tr><td>Add (less):</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & other<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>-35,744</td><td>-49,960</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring and other charges</td><td>-11,643</td><td>-25,789</td></tr><tr><td>Port de Bouc facility disposition charges</td><td>-12,393</td><td>-38,544</td></tr><tr><td> GAAP Operating profit</td><td>$186,280</td><td>$220,917</td></tr><tr><td>Total segment income</td><td>$257,133</td><td>$339,892</td></tr><tr><td>Add (less):</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corporate & other</td><td>-35,750</td><td>-50,322</td></tr><tr><td>Restructuring and other charges</td><td>-11,643</td><td>-25,789</td></tr><tr><td>Port de Bouc facility disposition charges</td><td>-12,393</td><td>-38,544</td></tr><tr><td>Interest and financing expenses</td><td>-24,584</td><td>-38,175</td></tr><tr><td>Other (expenses) income, net</td><td>-1,423</td><td>601</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax benefit</td><td>7,028</td><td>6,539</td></tr><tr><td> GAAP Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation</td><td>$178,368</td><td>$194,202</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3"> Year Ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 2010</td><td> 2009</td><td> 2008</td></tr><tr><td>Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Domestic</td><td>$235,222</td><td>$103,050</td><td>$88,162</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign</td><td>156,881</td><td>57,223</td><td>95,181</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$392,103</td><td>$160,273</td><td>$183,343</td></tr><tr><td>Current income tax expense (benefit):</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Federal<sup>(a)</sup></td><td>$14,620</td><td>$-23,908</td><td>$-17,165</td></tr><tr><td>State</td><td>5,224</td><td>772</td><td>-260</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign</td><td>25,776</td><td>14,388</td><td>22,934</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$45,620</td><td>$-8,748</td><td>$5,509</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income tax expense (benefit):</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Federal</td><td>$57,194</td><td>$29,618</td><td>$-772</td></tr><tr><td>State</td><td>-691</td><td>1,341</td><td>-879</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign</td><td>-9,404</td><td>-29,239</td><td>-10,397</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$47,099</td><td>$1,720</td><td>$-12,048</td></tr><tr><td>Total income tax expense (benefit)</td><td>$92,719</td><td>$-7,028</td><td>$-6,539</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="6">% of Income Before Income Taxes</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2010</td><td colspan="2">2009</td><td colspan="2">2008</td></tr><tr><td>Federal statutory rate</td><td></td><td>35.0%</td><td></td><td>35.0%</td><td></td><td>35.0%</td></tr><tr><td>State taxes, net of federal tax benefit</td><td></td><td>1.3</td><td></td><td>1.1</td><td></td><td>-0.5</td></tr><tr><td>Change in valuation allowance</td><td></td><td>-0.4</td><td></td><td>-0.9</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>14.6(a)</td></tr><tr><td>Impact of foreign earnings, net<sup>(b)</sup></td><td><sup></sup></td><td>-9.4 (f)</td><td></td><td>-22.6</td><td></td><td>-26.0</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>-0.8</td><td></td><td>-0.8</td></tr><tr><td>Loss on investment in foreign operations</td><td></td><td>—</td><td></td><td>—</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>-11.4 (c)</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of completing domestic audits</td><td></td><td>—</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>5.7(e)</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>0.8(d)</td></tr><tr><td>Depletion</td><td></td><td>-1.0</td><td></td><td>-1.7</td><td></td><td>-2.6</td></tr><tr><td>Revaluation of unrecognized tax benefits/reserve requirements</td><td></td><td>0.1</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>-19.7 (e)</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>-11.2 (d)</td></tr><tr><td>Manufacturer tax deduction</td><td></td><td>-1.6</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>—(g)</td><td><sup></sup></td><td>—(g)</td></tr><tr><td>Other items, net</td><td></td><td>-0.4</td><td></td><td>-0.5</td><td></td><td>-1.5</td></tr><tr><td>Effective income tax rate</td><td></td><td>23.6%</td><td></td><td>-4.4%</td><td></td><td>-3.6%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Expected life (years)</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Risk-free interest rate</td><td>2.5%</td><td>2.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Volatility</td><td>33.7%</td><td>36.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Dividend yield</td><td>2%</td><td>1.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average fair value per share at grant date</td><td>$10.34</td><td>$12.32</td></tr></table>

Question: In the year with largest amount of Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments, what's the increasing rate of Deferred income tax expense?
Answer: 26.3831
Reasoning program: subtract(47099,1720), divide(#0,1720)