Available-for-sale securities included in current marketable securities were $819 million at December 31, 2013.
Non-current availablefor-sale corporate debt securities maturing within five years were $3,735 million at December 31, 2013.
Auction rate securities maturing beyond 10 years were $12 million at December 31, 2013.
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets The Company invests in equity and fixed income funds that are designed to offset the changes in fair value of certain employee retirement benefits.
Investments in equity and fixed income funds are included in current marketable securities and were $74 million and $46 million, respectively, at December 31, 2013 and $57 million and $47 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012.
Investment income resulting from the change in fair value for the investments in equity and fixed income funds was $14 million in 2013 and $5 million in 2012.
Qualifying Hedges The following summarizes the fair value of outstanding derivatives:
## Table 0 ##
Cash Flow Hedges — Foreign currency forward contracts are primarily utilized to hedge forecasted intercompany inventory purchase transactions in certain foreign currencies.
These forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of changes in fair value being temporarily reported in accumulated OCI and recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings.
The net gains on foreign currency forward contracts are expected to be reclassified to cost of products sold within the next two years, including $14 million of pre-tax gains to be reclassified within the next 12 months.
The notional amount of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was primarily attributed to the Euro ($780 million) and Japanese yen ($247 million) at December 31, 2013.
Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring on the originally forecasted date, or 60 days thereafter, or when the hedge is no longer effective.
Assessments to determine whether derivatives designated as qualifying hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of hedged items are performed at inception and on a quarterly basis.
Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value is included in current period earnings.
The earnings impact related to discontinued cash flow hedges and hedge ineffectiveness was not significant during all periods presented.
Available-for-sale securities included in current marketable securities were $819 million at December 31, 2013.
Non-current availablefor-sale corporate debt securities maturing within five years were $3,735 million at December 31, 2013.
Auction rate securities maturing beyond 10 years were $12 million at December 31, 2013.
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets The Company invests in equity and fixed income funds that are designed to offset the changes in fair value of certain employee retirement benefits.
Investments in equity and fixed income funds are included in current marketable securities and were $74 million and $46 million, respectively, at December 31, 2013 and $57 million and $47 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012.
Investment income resulting from the change in fair value for the investments in equity and fixed income funds was $14 million in 2013 and $5 million in 2012.
Qualifying Hedges The following summarizes the fair value of outstanding derivatives:
Cash Flow Hedges ¡ª Foreign currency forward contracts are primarily utilized to hedge forecasted intercompany inventory purchase transactions in certain foreign currencies.
These forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of changes in fair value being temporarily reported in accumulated OCI and recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings.
The net gains on foreign currency forward contracts are expected to be reclassified to cost of products sold within the next two years, including $14 million of pre-tax gains to be reclassified within the next 12 months.
The notional amount of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was primarily attributed to the Euro ($780 million) and Japanese yen ($247 million) at December 31, 2013.
Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring on the originally forecasted date, or 60 days thereafter, or when the hedge is no longer effective.
Assessments to determine whether derivatives designated as qualifying hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of hedged items are performed at inception and on a quarterly basis.
Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value is included in current period earnings.
The earnings impact related to discontinued cash flow hedges and hedge ineffectiveness was not significant during all periods presented.
Net Investment Hedges ¡ª Non-U.
S.  dollar borrowings of €541 million ($741 million) are designated to hedge the foreign currency exposures of the net investment in certain foreign affiliates.
These borrowings are designated as net investment hedges and recognized in long term debt.
The effective portion of foreign exchange gains or losses on the remeasurement of the debt is recognized in the foreign currency translation component of accumulated OCI with the related offset in long term debt.
Fair Value Hedges ¡ª Fixed-to-floating interest rate swap contracts are designated as fair value hedges and are used as part of an interest rate risk management strategy to create an appropriate balance of fixed and floating rate debt.
The swaps and underlying debt for the benchmark risk being hedged are recorded at fair value.
The effective interest rate paid on fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps is onemonth LIBOR (0.17% as of December 31, 2013) plus an interest rate spread ranging from (0.8)% to 4.4%.
When the underlying swap is terminated prior to maturity, the fair value basis adjustment to the underlying debt instrument is amortized into earnings as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining life of the debt.
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swap contracts were executed in 2013 to convert $2,050 million notional amount from fixed rate to variable rate debt.
During 2011, fixed-to-floating interest rate swap contracts of $1.6 billion notional amount and €1.0 billion notional amount were terminated generating total proceeds of $356 million (including accrued interest of $66 million).
The risk-free interest rate is based on a treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options.
In projecting expected stock price volatility, the Company uses a combination of historical stock price volatility and implied volatility from observable market prices of similar equity instruments.
The Company estimated the expected life of stock options based on historical experience using employee exercise and option expiration data.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense The Company uses the straight-line attribution method to recognize stock-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock units (“RSU”).
The vesting term of stock options is generally five years with annual vesting of 20% per year on the anniversary of the grant date, and RSUs generally either cliff vest at the end of three years or vest over four years with annual vesting at 25% per year on the anniversary of the grant date.
The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.
ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time granted and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Based on an analysis of historical forfeitures, the Company has determined a specific forfeiture rate for certain employee groups and has applied forfeiture rates ranging from 0% to 5% as of September 24, 2011 depending on the specific employee group.
This analysis is re-evaluated annually and the forfeiture rate will be adjusted as necessary.
Ultimately, the actual stock-based compensation expense recognized will only be for those stock options and RSUs that vest.
Stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 is as follows:
## Table 1 ##
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $15.2 million, $13.3 million, and $13.8 million in fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Stock compensation expense related to RSUs was $20.3 million, $20.9 million, and $19.1 million in fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
The related tax benefit recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations was $14.8 million, $9.9 million and $9.8 million in fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
At September 24, 2011, there was $30.8 million and $32.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options and RSUs, respectively, to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years and 2.4 years, respectively.
Option Exchange Program On December 22, 2008, the Board of Directors approved, subject to stockholder approval, a stock option exchange program (the “Option Exchange Program”).
The Option Exchange Program was approved at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on March 4, 2009.
The Option Exchange Program permitted eligible employees to exchange their outstanding options issued on January 16, 2008 at an exercise price per share of $33.31 for a lesser number of new options (“New Options”), with such number of New Options issuable upon exchange calculated pursuant to an exchange ratio based on the original exercise price of the surrendered option.
The exchange offer expired on April 5, 2009.
Pursuant to the Option Exchange Program, the New Options have an exercise price of $14.87, which is 110% of the last reported closing sales price of the Company’s common stock as of the date of the new grant, which was April 5, 2009.
The total number of stock options eligible to be exchanged of approximately 784,000 was exchanged for 406,000 New Options.
plans that provide pension benefits for most domestic employees hired prior to January 1, 2007.
We monitor legislative and regulatory developments regarding cash balance plans, as well as recent court cases, for any impact on our plans.
We also sponsor two primary post-retirement benefit plans.
The health care plan is contributory, with participants’ contributions adjusted annually, and the life insurance plan is non-contributory.
We fund domestic pension liabilities in accordance with the limits imposed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and federal income tax laws.
Beginning January 1, 2008, we complied with the funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.
We fund non-domestic pension liabilities in accordance with laws and regulations applicable to those plans.
We broadly diversify our pension plan assets, consisting primarily of domestic and international common stocks and fixed income securities.
Short-term and long-term liabilities associated with benefit plans are primarily determined based on actuarial calculations.
These calculations consider payroll and employee data, including age and years of service, along with actuarial assumptions at the date of the financial statements.
We take into consideration long-term projections with regard to economic conditions, including interest rates, return on assets and the rate of increase in compensation levels.
With regard to liabilities associated with post-retirement benefit plans that provide health care and life insurance, we take into consideration the long-term annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of the covered benefits.
We review the discount rate assumptions and revise them annually.
The expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption (“asset return assumption”) for funded plans is of a longer duration and revised only when long-term asset return projections demonstrate that need.
An employer that is a business entity and sponsors one or more single-employer defined benefit plans is required to: ?
Recognize the funded status of a benefit plan—measured as the difference between plan assets at fair value and the benefit obligation—in its statement of financial position.
For a pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other post-retirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation.  ?
Recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost.  ?
Measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end statement of financial position.  ?
Disclose in the notes to financial statements additional information about certain effects on net periodic benefit costs for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition asset or obligation.
Pension Plans Our pension plan costs and related assumptions were as follows:
## Table 2 ##
Net Periodic Pension Benefit Costs We recorded net periodic pension benefit expense of $35.7 million in 2010.
The decrease from 2009 was primarily due to the significant increase in the value of pension assets reflecting the actual return on pension
Insurance and Annuities Products Asset/Liability Management We seek to maintain interest rate and equity exposures within established ranges, which we periodically adjust based on market conditions and the design of related products sold to customers.
Our risk managers establish investment risk limits for exposures to any issuer, geographic region, type of security or industry sector and oversee efforts to manage interest rate and equity exposure risk, as well as credit, liquidity and other risks, all within policy constraints set by management and approved by the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors.
For additional information regarding the management of our general account investments and our asset mix strategies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Realized Investment Gains and Losses and General Account Investments—General Account Investments—Management of Investments.
” We use duration and convexity analyses to measure price sensitivity to interest rate changes.
Duration measures the relative sensitivity of the fair value of a financial instrument to changes in interest rates.
Convexity measures the rate of change of duration with respect to changes in interest rates.
We use asset/liability management and derivative strategies to manage our interest rate exposure by legal entity by matching the relative sensitivity of asset and liability values to interest rate changes, or controlling “duration mismatch” of assets and liabilities.
We have target duration mismatch constraints by segment for each insurance entity.
In certain markets, primarily outside the U. S. , capital market limitations that hinder our ability to acquire assets that closely approximate the duration of some of our liabilities are considered in setting the constraint limits.
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the difference between the pre-tax duration of assets and the target duration of liabilities in our duration managed portfolios was within our constraint limits.
We consider risk-based capital and tax implications as well as current market conditions in our asset/liability management strategies.
We also perform portfolio stress testing as part of our U. S.  regulatory cash flow for major product lines that are subject to risk from changes in interest rates.
In this testing, we evaluate the impact of altering our interest-sensitive assumptions under various adverse interest rate environments.
These interest-sensitive assumptions relate to the timing and amount of redemptions and prepayments of fixed-income securities and lapses and surrenders of insurance products and the potential impact of any guaranteed minimum interest rates.
We evaluate any shortfalls that this cash flow testing reveals to determine if we need to increase statutory reserves or adjust portfolio management strategies.
Market Risk Related to Interest Rates Our “other than trading” assets that subject us to interest rate risk include primarily fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage and other loans and policy loans.
In the aggregate, the carrying value of these assets represented 78% of our consolidated assets, other than assets that we held in separate accounts, as of December 31, 2009 and 73% as of December 31, 2008.
With respect to “other than trading” liabilities, we are exposed to interest rate risk through policyholder account balances relating to interest-sensitive life insurance, annuity and other investment-type contracts, collectively referred to as investment contracts, and through outstanding short-term and long-term debt.
We assess interest rate sensitivity for “other than trading” financial assets, financial liabilities and derivatives using hypothetical test scenarios that assume either upward or downward 100 basis point parallel shifts in the yield curve from prevailing interest rates, reflecting changes in either credit spreads or the risk-free rate.
The following tables set forth the net estimated potential loss in fair value from a hypothetical 100 basis point upward shift as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, because this scenario results in the greatest net exposure to interest rate risk of the hypothetical scenarios tested at those dates.
While the test scenario is for illustrative purposes only and does not reflect our expectations regarding future interest rates or the performance of fixed-income markets, it is a near-term, reasonably possible hypothetical change that illustrates the potential impact of such events.
These test scenarios do not measure the changes in value that could result from non-parallel shifts in the yield curve, which we would expect to produce different changes in discount rates for different maturities.
As a result, the actual loss in fair value from a 100 basis point change in interest rates could be different from that indicated by these calculations.
## Table 3 ##

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2013</td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2012</td></tr><tr><td>Dollars in Millions</td><td>Balance Sheet Location</td><td>Notional</td><td>Fair Value</td><td>Notional</td><td>Fair Value</td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest rate swap contracts</td><td>Other assets</td><td>$673</td><td>$64</td><td>$573</td><td>$146</td></tr><tr><td>Interest rate swap contracts</td><td>Other liabilities</td><td>1,950</td><td>-27</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency forward contracts</td><td>Prepaid expenses and other</td><td>301</td><td>44</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency forward contracts</td><td>Other assets</td><td>100</td><td>6</td><td>735</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency forward contracts</td><td>Accrued expenses</td><td>704</td><td>-31</td><td>916</td><td>-30</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency forward contracts</td><td>Other liabilities</td><td>263</td><td>-4</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td> 2011</td><td> 2010</td><td> 2009</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of revenues</td><td>$4,602</td><td>$4,332</td><td>$3,522</td></tr><tr><td>Research and development</td><td>4,852</td><td>4,011</td><td>3,960</td></tr><tr><td>Selling and marketing</td><td>5,954</td><td>5,313</td><td>5,161</td></tr><tr><td>General and administrative</td><td>20,064</td><td>20,504</td><td>20,296</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$35,472</td><td>$34,160</td><td>$32,939</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> For the years ended December 31,</td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td> In millions of dollars</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net periodic pension benefit cost (income)</td><td>$35.7</td><td>$48.9</td><td>$-17.4</td></tr><tr><td> Assumptions:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Average discount rate assumptions—net periodic benefit cost calculation</td><td>5.7%</td><td>6.4%</td><td>6.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Average discount rate assumptions—benefit obligation calculation</td><td>5.2%</td><td>5.7%</td><td>6.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Asset return assumptions</td><td>8.5%</td><td>8.5%</td><td>8.5%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="4">As of December 31, 2009</td></tr><tr><td> Notional</td><td>Fair Value</td><td>Hypothetical Fair Value After +100 Basis Point Parallel Yield CurveShift</td><td>Hypothetical Change in Fair Value</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">(in millions)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Financial assets with interest rate risk:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fixed maturities-1</td><td></td><td>$196,473</td><td>$183,631</td><td>$-12,842</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial mortgage and other loans</td><td></td><td>30,693</td><td>29,553</td><td>-1,140</td></tr><tr><td>Policy loans</td><td></td><td>11,837</td><td>11,142</td><td>-695</td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Swaps</td><td>$114,601</td><td>-259</td><td>-1,876</td><td>-1,617</td></tr><tr><td>Futures</td><td>3,987</td><td>-1</td><td>-100</td><td>-99</td></tr><tr><td>Options</td><td>4,809</td><td>623</td><td>534</td><td>-89</td></tr><tr><td>Forwards</td><td>13,507</td><td>-15</td><td>-26</td><td>-11</td></tr><tr><td>Variable annuity and other living benefit feature embedded derivatives-2</td><td></td><td>-55</td><td>534</td><td>589</td></tr><tr><td>Financial liabilities with interest rate risk:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Short-term and long-term debt</td><td></td><td>-24,054</td><td>-22,284</td><td>1,770</td></tr><tr><td>Debt of consolidated variable interest entities-3</td><td></td><td>-239</td><td>-239</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Investment contracts</td><td></td><td>-74,353</td><td>-72,198</td><td>2,155</td></tr><tr><td>Bank customer liabilities</td><td></td><td>-1,538</td><td>-1,526</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Net estimated potential loss</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>$-11,967</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the sum of Research and development in 2010 and Net periodic pension benefit cost (income) in 2009? (in million)
Answer: 4059.9
Reasoning program: add(4011,48.9)