Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management's Financial Discussion and Analysis annually, beginning in 2006, if power market prices drop below the PPA prices.
Accordingly, because the price is not fixed, the table above does not report power from that plant as sold forward after 2005.
Under the PPAs with NYPA for the output of power from Indian Point 3 and FitzPatrick, the Non-Utility Nuclear business is obligated to produce at an average capacity factor of 85% with a financial true-up payment to NYPA should NYPA's cost to purchase power due to an output shortfall be higher than the PPAs' price.
The calculation of any true-up payments is based on two two-year periods.
For the first period, which ran through November 20, 2002, Indian Point 3 and FitzPatrick operated at 95% and 97%, respectively, under the true-up formula.
Credits of up to 5% reflecting period one generation above 85% can be used to offset any output shortfalls in the second period, which runs through the end of the PPAs on December 31, 2004.
Entergy continually monitors industry trends in order to determine whether asset impairments or other losses could result from a decline in value, or cancellation, of merchant power projects, and records provisions for impairments and losses accordingly.
Marketing and Trading The earnings of Entergy's Energy Commodity Services segment are exposed to commodity price market risks primarily through Entergy's 50%-owned, unconsolidated investment in Entergy-Koch.
Entergy-Koch Trading (EKT) uses value-at-risk models as one measure of the market risk of a loss in fair value for EKT's natural gas and power trading portfolio.
Actual future gains and losses in portfolios will differ from those estimated based upon actual fluctuations in market rates, operating exposures, and the timing thereof, and changes in the portfolio of derivative financial instruments during the year.
To manage its portfolio, EKT enters into various derivative and contractual transactions in accordance with the policy approved by the trading committee of the governing board of Entergy-Koch.
The trading portfolio consists of physical and financial natural gas and power as well as other energy and weather-related contracts.
These contracts take many forms, including futures, forwards, swaps, and options.
Characteristics of EKT's value-at-risk method and the use of that method are as follows:  Value-at-risk is used in conjunction with stress testing, position reporting, and profit and loss reporting in order to measure and control the risk inherent in the trading and mark-to-market portfolios.
 EKT estimates its value-at-risk using a model based on J. P.  Morgan's Risk Metrics methodology combined with a Monte Carlo simulation approach.
 EKT estimates its daily value-at-risk for natural gas and power using a 97.5% confidence level.
EKT's daily value-at-risk is a measure that indicates that, if prices moved against the positions, the loss in neutralizing the portfolio would not be expected to exceed the calculated value-at-risk.
 EKT seeks to limit the daily value-at-risk on any given day to a certain dollar amount approved by the trading committee.
EKT's value-at-risk measures, which it calls Daily Earnings at Risk (DE@R), for its trading portfolio were as follows:
## Table 0 ##
EKT's DE@R increased in 2002 compared to 2001 as a result of an increase in the size of the position held and an increase in the volatility of natural gas prices in the latter part of the year.
For all derivative and contractual transactions, EKT is exposed to losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to these transactions.
Relevant considerations when assessing EKT's credit risk exposure include:
Principal Financial Group, Inc.  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued) 9.
Debt — (continued) may be made only with the prior approval of the Commissioner of Insurance of the State of Iowa (the ‘‘Commissioner’’) and only to the extent that Principal Life has sufficient surplus earnings to make such payments.
Interest of $8.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was approved by the Commissioner, and charged to expense.
Subject to Commissioner approval, the notes due March 1, 2044, may be redeemed at Principal Life’s election on or after March 1, 2014, in whole or in part at a redemption price of approximately 102.3% of par.
The approximate 2.3% premium is scheduled to gradually diminish over the following ten years.
These notes may be redeemed on or after March 1, 2024, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount plus interest accrued to the date of redemption.
The non-recourse mortgages, other mortgages and notes payable are primarily financings for real estate developments.
Outstanding principal balances as of December 31, 2010, ranged from $5.8 million to $8.9 million per development with interest rates generally ranging from 5.5% to 5.8%.
Outstanding principal balances as of December 31, 2009, ranged from $5.9 million to $9.1 million per development with interest rates generally ranging from 5.5% to 5.8%.
Outstanding debt is secured by the underlying real estate properties, which were reported as real estate on our consolidated statements of financial position with a carrying value of $29.6 million and $30.1 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Also included in non-recourse mortgages and notes payable is a long-term debt obligation we assumed with the purchase of WM Advisors, Inc.  As part of the purchase, we are bound by a class B share financing agreement previously entered into by WM Advisors, Inc.  and a third party.
Load mutual fund shares sold without a front end load are referred to as ‘‘B shares’’.
In exchange for paying the selling commission, we receive fees in the future to recover the up-front commission cost incurred.
Prior to our purchase, WM Advisors, Inc.  had entered into a purchase and sale agreement whereby the third party would purchase the rights to future cash flow streams in exchange for funding the sales commissions.
The fair value of these relinquished fees is reported as a long-term debt liability.
There will be no additional sales under this agreement following the effective date of the purchase.
Therefore, this liability will be extinguished in 2012, which equates to the remaining contractual term in which the fund can recover fees to cover the upfront commission costs.
The value of this obligation as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, was $8.4 million and $19.1 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2010, future annual maturities of the long-term debt were as follows (in millions):
## Table 1 ##
10.
Income Taxes Income Tax Expense Our income tax expense (benefit) was as follows:
## Table 2 ##
Principal Financial Group, Inc.  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued) 10.
Income Taxes — (continued) Net deferred income taxes by jurisdiction are as follows:
## Table 3 ##
No valuation allowance was provided on the deferred income tax asset attributable to the net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2009.
This deferred tax asset reversed during 2010 to a deferred tax liability position attributable to the net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2010.
The total deferred income tax asset also includes capital and net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes available to offset future capital gains and taxable income, respectively.
The total capital loss carryforward, available to offset future capital gains, was $209.1 million as of December 31, 2010.
If not used, this remaining capital loss carryforward generated in 2009 will expire in 2014.
Domestic state net operating loss carryforwards were $235.8 million as of December 31, 2010, and will expire between 2017 and 2029.
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards generated in various foreign countries were $53.4 million as of December 31, 2010, with some operating loss carryforwards scheduled to expire beginning in 2013 while others never expire.
We maintain valuation allowances by jurisdiction against the deferred income tax assets related to certain of these carryforwards, as utilization of these income tax benefits fail the more likely than not criteria in certain jurisdictions.
A valuation allowance has been recorded on income tax benefits associated with state net operating loss carryforwards and foreign net operating loss carryforwards.
Adjustments to the valuation allowance will be made if there is a change in management’s assessment of the amount of the deferred income tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized.
Accumulated net operating losses of $640.8 million and $485.2 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, are attributed to captive reinsurance companies that are temporarily excluded from our consolidated U. S.  federal income tax return.
These net operating losses will expire between 2021 and 2025.
One of the captive reinsurance companies will be able to join the consolidated U. S.  federal income tax return in 2012, with the other in 2013.
All accumulated net operating losses are anticipated to be utilized before expiration.
Therefore, no valuation allowance has been provided for the deferred income tax assets attributable to these net operating losses.
U. S.  federal and state deferred income taxes have not been provided on approximately $533.0 million of accumulated but undistributed earnings from operations of foreign subsidiaries at December 31, 2010.
Such earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested in the business.
It is not practical to determine the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability that would arise if these earnings were remitted due to foreign tax credits and exclusions that may become available at the time of remittance.
A tax liability will be recognized when we no longer plan to indefinitely reinvest the earnings or when we plan to sell all or a portion of our ownership interest.
Other Tax Information The Internal Revenue Service (‘‘IRS’’) has completed examination of our consolidated federal income tax returns for years prior to 2004.
We are contesting certain issues and have filed suit in the Court of Federal Claims, requesting refunds for the years 1995-2003.
We are also litigating a partnership issue for the years 2002-2003 in the federal district court of Iowa.
We had $230.9 million and $243.6 million of current income tax receivables associated with outstanding audit issues reported as other assets in our consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
We do not expect the litigation to be resolved within the next twelve months.
The IRS commenced examination of the U. S.  consolidated federal income tax returns for 2004-2005 in March 2007.
The fieldwork is substantially complete and the final report is expected to be received sometime in the first or second quarter of 2011.
The statute of limitations for the 2004-2005 tax years expires on September 15, 2011.
The IRS commenced examination of the U. S.  consolidated federal income tax returns for 2006-2007 in March 2009 and of the tax return for 2008 in January 2010.
Investments We had total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2010, of $145.6 billion, of which $66.0 billion were invested assets.
The rest of our total consolidated assets are comprised primarily of separate account assets for which we do not bear investment risk.
Because we generally do not bear any investment risk on assets held in separate accounts, the discussion and financial information below does not include such assets.
Overall Composition of Invested Assets Invested assets as of December 31, 2010, were predominantly high quality and broadly diversified across asset class, individual credit, industry and geographic location.
Asset allocation is determined based on cash flow and the risk/return requirements of our products.
As shown in the following table, the major categories of invested assets are fixed maturities and commercial mortgage loans.
The remainder is invested in residential mortgage loans, real estate, equity securities and other assets.
In addition, policy loans are included in our invested assets.
## Table 4 ##
Investment Results Net Investment Income The following table presents the yield and investment income, excluding net realized capital gains and losses, for our invested assets for the years indicated.
We calculate annualized yields using a simple average of asset classes at the beginning and end of the reporting period.
The yields for fixed maturities and equity securities are calculated using amortized cost and cost, respectively.
All other yields are calculated using carrying amounts.
## Table 5 ##
Year Ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009 Net investment income increased primarily due to higher inflation-based investment returns on average invested assets, most notably fixed maturities, related to inflation in Chile during 2010 versus deflation during 2009 and the strengthening of the Chilean peso against the U. S.  dollar.
In addition, net investment income increased due to gains on sales of equity real estate.
These increases were partially offset by a decrease in average invested assets due to our decision to scale back our investment only business.

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td>2002</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>DE@R at end of period</td><td>$15.2 million</td><td>$5.5 million</td></tr><tr><td>Average DE@R for the period</td><td>$10.8 million</td><td>$6.4 million</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>2011</td><td>$5.4</td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td>2.7</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td>9.8</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>406.1</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>102.8</td></tr><tr><td>Thereafter</td><td>1,056.9</td></tr><tr><td>Total future maturities of the long-term debt</td><td>$1,583.7</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="3">For the year ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> 2010</td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td colspan="3">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Current income taxes:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S. federal</td><td>$74.1</td><td>$97.7</td><td>$118.9</td></tr><tr><td>State and foreign</td><td>34.2</td><td>19.4</td><td>-4.0</td></tr><tr><td>Total current income taxes</td><td>108.3</td><td>117.1</td><td>114.9</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income taxes</td><td>15.8</td><td>-17.0</td><td>-119.4</td></tr><tr><td>Total income taxes (benefits)</td><td>$124.1</td><td>$100.1</td><td>$-4.5</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">(in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income tax assets:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S.</td><td>$—</td><td>$405.6</td></tr><tr><td>State</td><td>1.8</td><td>2.6</td></tr><tr><td>International</td><td>11.2</td><td>10.7</td></tr><tr><td>Net deferred income tax assets</td><td>13.0</td><td>418.9</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income tax liabilities:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S.</td><td>-264.1</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>International</td><td>-145.8</td><td>-120.2</td></tr><tr><td>Net deferred income tax liabilities</td><td>-409.9</td><td>-120.2</td></tr><tr><td>Total net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)</td><td>$-396.9</td><td>$298.7</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td> </td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2010</td><td colspan="2"> December 31, 2009</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> Carrying amount</td><td>% of total</td><td> Carrying amount</td><td> % of total</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td colspan="4"><i>($ in millions)</i> </td></tr><tr><td>Fixed maturities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Public</td><td>$35,426.8</td><td>54%</td><td>$33,719.6</td><td>53%</td></tr><tr><td>Private</td><td>14,329.8</td><td>22</td><td>13,533.4</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Equity securities</td><td>486.8</td><td>1</td><td>435.5</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage loans:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial</td><td>9,609.0</td><td>14</td><td>10,129.3</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Residential</td><td>1,516.1</td><td>2</td><td>1,716.3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Real estate held for sale</td><td>51.9</td><td>—</td><td>35.4</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Real estate held for investment</td><td>1,011.6</td><td>2</td><td>999.2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Policy loans</td><td>903.9</td><td>1</td><td>902.5</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Other investments</td><td>2,641.6</td><td>4</td><td>2,465.3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Total invested assets</td><td>65,977.5</td><td>100%</td><td>63,936.5</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>1,877.4</td><td></td><td>2,240.4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total invested assets and cash</td><td>$67,854.9</td><td></td><td>$66,176.9</td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="6">For the year ended December 31,</td><td colspan="4">Increase (decrease)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2010</td><td colspan="2">2009</td><td colspan="2">2008</td><td colspan="2">2010 vs. 2009</td><td colspan="2">2009 vs. 2008</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Yield</td><td>Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td>Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td>Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td>Amount</td><td>Yield</td><td>Amount</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="10">($ in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Fixed maturities</td><td>5.7%</td><td>$2,794.7</td><td>5.6%</td><td>$2,717.2</td><td>6.5%</td><td>$3,105.8</td><td>0.1%</td><td>$77.5</td><td>-0.9%</td><td>$-388.6</td></tr><tr><td>Equity securities</td><td>3.0</td><td>14.2</td><td>4.2</td><td>19.3</td><td>3.6</td><td>18.9</td><td>-1.2</td><td>-5.1</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.4</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage loans — commercial</td><td>6.0</td><td>589.1</td><td>5.8</td><td>617.7</td><td>6.1</td><td>666.8</td><td>0.2</td><td>-28.6</td><td>-0.3</td><td>-49.1</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage loans — residential</td><td>5.2</td><td>84.2</td><td>4.0</td><td>71.2</td><td>8.3</td><td>154.8</td><td>1.2</td><td>13.0</td><td>-4.3</td><td>-83.6</td></tr><tr><td>Real estate</td><td>5.5</td><td>57.5</td><td>3.7</td><td>35.9</td><td>6.1</td><td>54.6</td><td>1.8</td><td>21.6</td><td>-2.4</td><td>-18.7</td></tr><tr><td>Policy loans</td><td>6.7</td><td>60.9</td><td>6.9</td><td>62.0</td><td>6.6</td><td>58.3</td><td>-0.2</td><td>-1.1</td><td>0.3</td><td>3.7</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>0.4</td><td>7.2</td><td>0.5</td><td>13.0</td><td>2.9</td><td>57.0</td><td>-0.1</td><td>-5.8</td><td>-2.4</td><td>-44.0</td></tr><tr><td>Other investments</td><td>-0.9</td><td>-21.8</td><td>-0.9</td><td>-24.0</td><td>0.9</td><td>21.8</td><td>—</td><td>2.2</td><td>-1.8</td><td>-45.8</td></tr><tr><td>Total before investment expenses</td><td>5.3</td><td>3,586.0</td><td>5.1</td><td>3,512.3</td><td>6.1</td><td>4,138.0</td><td>0.2</td><td>73.7</td><td>-1.0</td><td>-625.7</td></tr><tr><td>Investment expenses</td><td>-0.1</td><td>-89.5</td><td>-0.1</td><td>-111.5</td><td>-0.2</td><td>-143.7</td><td>—</td><td>22.0</td><td>0.1</td><td>32.2</td></tr><tr><td>Net investment income</td><td>5.2%</td><td>$3,496.5</td><td>5.0%</td><td>$3,400.8</td><td>5.9%</td><td>$3,994.3</td><td>0.2%</td><td>$95.7</td><td>-0.9%</td><td>$-593.5</td></tr></table>

Question: For the year ended December 31,which year is the amount of Cash and cash equivalents greater than 50 million?
Answer: 2008