STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We did not recognize stock-based employee compensation expense related to stock options granted before 2003 as permitted under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No.25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” (“APB 25”).
Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123, “Accounting for StockBased Compensation,” as amended by SFAS 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure,” prospectively to all employee awards granted, modified or settled after January 1, 2003.
We did not restate results for prior years upon our adoption of SFAS 123.
Since we adopted SFAS 123 prospectively, the cost related to stockbased employee compensation included in net income for 2005 was less than what we would have recognized if we had applied the fair value based method to all awards since the original effective date of the standard.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123R “ShareBased Payment,” which replaced SFAS 123 and superseded APB 25.
SFAS 123R requires compensation cost related to share-based payments to employees to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value.
We adopted SFAS 123R effective January 1, 2006, using the modified prospective method of transition, which required the provisions of SFAS 123R be applied to new awards and awards modified, repurchased or cancelled after the effective date.
It also required changes in the timing of expense recognition for awards granted to retirement-eligible employees and clarified the accounting for the tax effects of stock awards.
The adoption of SFAS 123R did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
The following table shows the effect on 2005 net income and earnings per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123, as amended, to all outstanding and unvested awards.
Pro Forma Net Income And Earnings Per Share (a)
## Table 0 ##
(a) There were no differences between the GAAP basis and pro forma basis of reporting 2006 net income and related per share amounts.
See Note 18 Stock-Based Compensation Plans for additional information.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141(R), “Business Combinations.
” This statement will require all businesses acquired to be measured at the fair value of the consideration paid as opposed to the cost-based provisions of SFAS 141.
It will require an entity to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date.
SFAS 141(R) requires the value of consideration paid including any future contingent consideration to be measured at fair value at the closing date of the transaction.
Also, restructuring costs and acquisition costs are to be expensed rather than included in the cost of the acquisition.
This guidance is effective for all acquisitions with closing dates after January 1, 2009.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, “Accounting and Reporting of Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No.51.
” This statement amends ARB No.51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary.
It clarifies that a noncontrolling interest should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements.
This statement requires expanded disclosures that identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent’s owners and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of an entity.
This guidance is effective January 1, 2009.
We are currently analyzing the standard but do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2007, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No.109, that provides guidance regarding measuring the fair value of recorded written loan commitments.
The guidance indicates that the expected future cash flows related to servicing should be included in the fair value measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings.
SAB 109 is effective January 1, 2008, prospectively to loan commitments issued or modified after that date.
The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.
In June 2007, the AICPA issued Statement of Position 07-1, “Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide “Investment Companies” and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies” (“SOP 07-1”).
This statement provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies (“Guide”) and whether the specialized industry accounting principles of the Guide should be retained in the financial statements of a parent company of an investment company or an equity method investor in an
of time and reverts to a calculated exit rate for the remaining term of the loan as of a specific date.
A permanent modification, with a term greater than 24 months, is a modification in which the terms of the original loan are changed.
Permanent modification programs, including both government-created Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) and PNC-developed modification programs, generally result in principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, term extension, capitalization of past due amounts, interest only period or deferral of principal.
We also monitor the success rates and delinquency status of our loan modification programs to assess their effectiveness in serving our borrowers’ and servicing customers’ needs while mitigating credit losses.
Table 33 provides the number of bank-owned accounts and unpaid principal balance of modified consumer real estate related loans at the end of each year presented.
Table 33: Consumer Real Estate Related Loan Modifications
## Table 1 ##
(a) All temporary modifications are home equity loans.
In addition to temporary loan modifications, we may make available to a borrower a payment plan or a HAMP trial payment period.
Under a payment plan or a HAMP trial payment period, there is no change to the loan’s contractual terms so the borrower remains legally responsible for payment of the loan under its original terms.
Payment plans may include extensions, re-ages and/or forbearance plans.
All payment plans bring an account current once certain requirements are achieved and are primarily intended to demonstrate a borrower’s renewed willingness and ability to re-pay.
Due to the short term nature of the payment plan, there is a minimal impact to the ALLL.
Under a HAMP trial payment period, we establish an alternate payment, generally at an amount less than the contractual payment amount, for the borrower during this short time period.
This allows a borrower to demonstrate successful payment performance before permanently restructuring the loan into a HAMP modification.
Subsequent to successful borrower performance under the trial payment period, we will capitalize the original contractual amount past due, to include accrued interest and fees receivable, and restructure the loan’s contractual terms, along with bringing the restructured account current.
As the borrower is often already delinquent at the time of participation in the HAMP trial payment period, generally enrollment in the program does not significantly increase the ALLL.
If the trial payment period is unsuccessful, the loan will be evaluated for further action based upon our existing policies.
Commercial Loan Modifications and Payment Plans Modifications of terms for commercial loans are based on individual facts and circumstances.
Commercial loan modifications may involve reduction of the interest rate, extension of the loan term and/or forgiveness of principal.
Modified commercial loans are usually already nonperforming prior to modification.
We evaluate these modifications for TDR classification based upon whether we granted a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties.
Additional detail on TDRs is discussed below as well as in Note 3 Asset Quality in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report.
We have established certain commercial loan modification and payment programs for small business loans, Small Business Administration loans, and investment real estate loans.
As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $23 million and $34 million, respectively, in loan balances were covered under these modification and payment plan programs.
Of these loan balances, $9 million and $12 million have been determined to be TDRs as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Each yearly point for the Peer Group is determined by calculating the cumulative total shareholder return for each company in the Peer Group from December 31, 2012 to December 31 of that year (End of Month Dividend Reinvestment Assumed) and then using the median of these returns as the yearly plot point.
In accordance with the rules of the SEC, this section, captioned “Common Stock Performance Graph,” is not incorporated by reference into any of our future filings made under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or the Securities Act of 1933.
The Common Stock Performance Graph, including its accompanying table and footnotes, is not deemed to be soliciting material or to be filed under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
ITEM 6 – SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
## Table 2 ##
(a) The effective tax rates are generally lower than the statutory rate due to the relationship of pretax income to tax credits and earnings that are not subject to tax.
The full year 2017 results benefited from the new federal tax legislation.
Certain tax legislation amounts are considered reasonable estimates as of December 31, 2017.
See the Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments section in Item 7 of this Report for additional details.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation, which we believe is more meaningful to readers of our consolidated financial statements.
This Selected Financial Data should be reviewed in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in Item 8 of this Report as well as the other disclosures in this Report concerning our historical financial performance, our future prospects and the risks associated with our business and financial performance.

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td>In millions, except for per share data</td><td>2005</td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td>$1,325</td></tr><tr><td>Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of related tax effects</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value method for all awards, net of related taxeffects</td><td>-60</td></tr><tr><td>Pro forma net income</td><td>$1,319</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic-as reported</td><td>$4.63</td></tr><tr><td>Basic-pro forma</td><td>4.60</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted-as reported</td><td>$4.55</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted-pro forma</td><td>4.52</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2015</td><td colspan="2">December 31, 2014</td></tr><tr><td>Dollars in millions</td><td>Number ofAccounts</td><td>UnpaidPrincipalBalance</td><td>Number ofAccounts</td><td>UnpaidPrincipalBalance</td></tr><tr><td>Temporary modifications (a)</td><td>4,469</td><td>$337</td><td>5,346</td><td>$417</td></tr><tr><td>Permanent modifications</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Home equity</td><td>15,268</td><td>1,088</td><td>13,128</td><td>968</td></tr><tr><td>Residential real estate</td><td>8,787</td><td>1,721</td><td>12,526</td><td>2,350</td></tr><tr><td>Total permanent modifications</td><td>24,055</td><td>2,809</td><td>25,654</td><td>3,318</td></tr><tr><td>Total consumer real estate related loan modifications</td><td>28,524</td><td>$3,146</td><td>31,000</td><td>$3,735</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="5">Year ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>Dollars in millions, except per share data</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td></tr><tr><td>Summary of Operations</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest income</td><td>$10,814</td><td>$9,652</td><td>$9,323</td><td>$9,431</td><td>$10,007</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense</td><td>1,706</td><td>1,261</td><td>1,045</td><td>906</td><td>860</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest income</td><td>9,108</td><td>8,391</td><td>8,278</td><td>8,525</td><td>9,147</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest income</td><td>7,221</td><td>6,771</td><td>6,947</td><td>6,850</td><td>6,865</td></tr><tr><td>Total revenue</td><td>16,329</td><td>15,162</td><td>15,225</td><td>15,375</td><td>16,012</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for credit losses</td><td>441</td><td>433</td><td>255</td><td>273</td><td>643</td></tr><tr><td>Noninterest expense</td><td>10,398</td><td>9,476</td><td>9,463</td><td>9,488</td><td>9,681</td></tr><tr><td>Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests</td><td>5,490</td><td>5,253</td><td>5,507</td><td>5,614</td><td>5,688</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes</td><td>102</td><td>1,268</td><td>1,364</td><td>1,407</td><td>1,476</td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td>5,388</td><td>3,985</td><td>4,143</td><td>4,207</td><td>4,212</td></tr><tr><td>Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td>50</td><td>82</td><td>37</td><td>23</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Preferred stock dividends</td><td>236</td><td>209</td><td>220</td><td>232</td><td>237</td></tr><tr><td>Preferred stock discount accretion and redemptions</td><td>26</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to common shareholders</td><td>$5,076</td><td>$3,688</td><td>$3,881</td><td>$3,947</td><td>$3,952</td></tr><tr><td>Per Common Share</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic earnings</td><td>$10.49</td><td>$7.42</td><td>$7.52</td><td>$7.44</td><td>$7.45</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted earnings</td><td>$10.36</td><td>$7.30</td><td>$7.39</td><td>$7.30</td><td>$7.36</td></tr><tr><td>Book value</td><td>$91.94</td><td>$85.94</td><td>$81.84</td><td>$77.61</td><td>$72.07</td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividends declared</td><td>$2.60</td><td>$2.12</td><td>$2.01</td><td>$1.88</td><td>$1.72</td></tr><tr><td>Effective tax rate (a)</td><td>1.9%</td><td>24.1%</td><td>24.8%</td><td>25.1%</td><td>25.9%</td></tr></table>

Question: What is the growing rate of Total revenue in the years with the least Interest income?
Answer: -0.00414
Reasoning program: subtract(15162,15225), divide(#0,15225)