Contractual Obligations The following table includes aggregated information about Citigroup’s contractual obligations that impact its short- and long-term liquidity and capital needs.
The table includes information about payments due under specified contractual obligations, aggregated by type of contractual obligation.
It includes the maturity profile of the Company’s consolidated long-term debt, operating leases and other long-term liabilities.
The Company’s capital lease obligations are included in purchase obligations in the table.
Citigroup’s contractual obligations include purchase obligations that are enforceable and legally binding for the Company.
For the purposes of the table below, purchase obligations are included through the termination date of the respective agreements, even if the contract is renewable.
Many of the purchase agreements for goods or services include clauses that would allow the Company to cancel the agreement with specified notice; however, that impact is not included in the table (unless Citigroup has already notified the counterparty of its intention to terminate the agreement).
Other liabilities reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet include obligations for goods and services that have already been received, litigation settlements, uncertain tax positions, as well as other long-term liabilities that have been incurred and will ultimately be paid in cash.
Excluded from the following table are obligations that are generally short term in nature, including deposit liabilities and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
The table also excludes certain insurance and investment contracts subject to mortality and morbidity risks or without defined maturities, such that the timing of payments and withdrawals is uncertain.
The liabilities related to these insurance and investment contracts are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as Insurance Policy and Claims Reserves, Contractholder Funds, and Separate and Variable Accounts.
Citigroup’s funding policy for pension plans is generally to fund to the minimum amounts required by the applicable laws and regulations.
At December 31, 2008, there were no minimum required contributions, and no contributions are currently planned for the U. S.  pension plans.
Accordingly, no amounts have been included in the table below for future contributions to the U. S.  pension plans.
For the non-U.
S.  plans, discretionary contributions in 2009 are anticipated to be approximately $167 million and this amount has been included in purchase obligations in the table below.
The estimated pension plan contributions are subject to change, since contribution decisions are affected by various factors, such as market performance, regulatory and legal requirements, and management’s ability to change funding policy.
For additional information regarding the Company’s retirement benefit obligations, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 144.
## Table 0 ##
(1) For additional information about long-term debt and trust preferred securities, see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 169.
(2) Relates primarily to accounts payable and accrued expenses included in Other liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Also included are various litigation settlements.
billion at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Securities and other marketable assets held as collateral amounted to $27 billion and $54 billion, the majority of which collateral is held to reimburse losses realized under securities lending indemnifications.
The decrease from the prior year is in line with the decrease in the notional amount of these indemnifications, which are collateralized.
Additionally, letters of credit in favor of the Company held as collateral amounted to $503 million and $370 million at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Other property may also be available to the Company to cover losses under certain guarantees and indemnifications; however, the value of such property has not been determined.
Performance Risk Citigroup evaluates the performance risk of its guarantees based on the assigned referenced counterparty internal or external ratings.
Where external ratings are used, investment-grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB and above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade.
The Citigroup internal ratings are in line with the related external rating system.
On certain underlying referenced credits or entities, ratings are not available.
Such referenced credits are included in the “Not-rated” category.
The maximum potential amount of the future payments related to guarantees and credit derivatives sold is determined to be the notional amount of these contracts, which is the par amount of the assets guaranteed.
Presented in the table below is the maximum potential amount of future payments classified based upon internal and external credit ratings as of December 31, 2008.
As previously mentioned, the determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged.
Such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees.
## Table 1 ##
Credit Derivatives A credit derivative is a bilateral contract between a buyer and a seller under which the seller sells protection against the credit risk of a particular entity (“reference entity” or “reference credit”).
Credit derivatives generally require that the seller of credit protection make payments to the buyer upon the occurrence of predefined credit events (commonly referred to as “settlement triggers”).
These settlement triggers are defined by the form of the derivative and the reference credit and are generally limited to the market standard of failure to pay on indebtedness and bankruptcy of the reference credit and, in a more limited range of transactions, debt restructuring.
Credit derivative transactions referring to emerging market reference credits will also typically include additional settlement triggers to cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of repudiation or a payment moratorium.
In certain transactions, protection may be provided on a portfolio of referenced credits or asset-backed securities.
The seller of such protection may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has occurred with respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for losses up to a specified amount.
The Company makes markets in and trades a range of credit derivatives, both on behalf of clients as well as for its own account.
Through these contracts, the Company either purchases or writes protection on either a single name or a portfolio of reference credits.
The Company uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its corporate loan portfolio and other cash positions, to take proprietary trading positions, and to facilitate client transactions.
The range of credit derivatives sold includes credit default swaps, total return swaps and credit options.
A credit default swap is a contract in which, for a fee, a protection seller (guarantor) agrees to reimburse a protection buyer (beneficiary) for any losses that occur due to a credit event on a reference entity.
If there is no credit default event or settlement trigger, as defined by the specific derivative contract, then the guarantor makes no payments to the beneficiary and receives only the contractually specified fee.
However, if a credit event occurs and in accordance with the specific derivative contract sold, the guarantor will be required to make a payment to the beneficiary.
A total return swap transfers the total economic performance of a reference asset, which includes all associated cash flows, as well as capital appreciation or depreciation.
The protection buyer (beneficiary) receives a floating rate of interest and any depreciation on the reference asset from the protection seller (guarantor), and in return the protection seller receives the cash flows associated with the reference asset, plus any appreciation.
Thus, the beneficiary will be obligated to make a payment any time the floating interest rate payment according to the total return swap agreement and any depreciation of the reference asset exceed the cash flows associated with the underlying asset.
A total return swap may terminate upon a default of the reference asset subject to the provisions in the related total return swap agreement between the protection seller (guarantor) and the protection buyer (beneficiary)
## Table 2 ##
2008 vs.  2007 Revenues increased 21% largely driven by Securities and Banking and Transaction Services.
In Global Cards, revenues increased by 19% to $2.3 billion, driven by higher purchase sales and average loans.
Consumer Banking revenues were up 4% to $2.6 billion as growth in average loans was partially offset by impairment of the U. K.  held-for-sale loan portfolio and softening wealth management revenues due to market volatility.
Current and historical Germany retail banking financials have been reclassified as discontinued operations and are excluded from Global Cards and Consumer Banking results.
In ICG, S&B revenues were up 53% from 2007 mainly due to write-downs on subprime-related direct exposures included in 2009.
Subprime-related direct exposures are now managed primarily in North America and have been transferred from EMEA to North America with effect from the second quarter of 2008.2008 also included write-downs on subprime-related exposures in the first quarter of 2008 and in commercial real estate positions and highly leveraged finance commitments.
Revenues also reflected strong results in local markets sales and trading and G10 Rates and Currencies.
Transaction Services revenues increased 21% to $3.4 billion with continued growth in customer liability balances and deposits.
Revenues in GWM grew by 11% to $0.6 billion primarily driven by an increase in Banking, Capital Markets and Lending products.
Operating expenses were up 2% due to a $203 million goodwill impairment charge and the impact of further repositioning and restructuring charges in 2008.
Partially offsetting the increase was a decline in incentive compensation and the benefits of reengineering efforts.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased 96%.
The increase was primarily driven by the deterioration in the Consumer and Corporate credit environment, higher loan loss reserve builds and losses associated with Corporate loan sales.2007 vs.  2006 Revenues were down 25% due to write-downs in Securities and Banking, partially offset by double-digit growth across all other segments.
Global Cards revenues increased by 62% to $2.0 billion, driven by double-digit growth in purchase sales and average loans and the impact of the Egg acquisition.
Revenues in Consumer Banking increased by 21% to $2.5 billion, driven by strong growth in average loans and deposits and improved net interest margin and the impact of the Egg acquisition.
S&B revenue of $1.5 billion was down from the prior year due to writedowns on subprime-related direct exposures and in funded and unfunded highly-leveraged loan commitments in the second half of 2007.
Revenues in S&B also included a strong performance in Equities, Advisory and local markets sales and trading.
Transaction Services revenues increased by 30% to $2.8 billion driven by increased customer volumes and deposit growth.
Revenues in GWM grew by 64% to $0.5 billion primarily driven by an increase in annuity revenues and the impact of the acquisition of Quilter.
Operating expenses were up 24% due to the impact of business growth, acquisitions, FX translation and organizational and repositioning charges in 2007.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased $1.0 billion primarily due to an increase in net credit losses and an incremental net charge to loan loss reserves.
Noble Energy, Inc.  Index to Financial Statements Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 133 In coordination with the termination and liquidation of the pension plan, we also amended our restoration plan to freeze the accrual of benefits.
Payments under the restoration plan will continue to be made in ordinary course without acceleration.
Restoration plan participants who remain employed by us upon final liquidation and distribution of assets of the pension plan were given the option to have the lump sum present value of their restoration plan benefits converted into an account balance under our nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
During 2014, we curtailed the retiree medical program, resulting in a gain of $21 million, and, at December 31, 2014, accrued a one-time taxable cash payment of $20 million to certain employees who would have been eligible for retiree medical benefits at any point during the next 10 years.
The benefit obligations, plan assets and AOCL balances for the pension, restoration and other postretirement benefit plans are summarized below as of December 31:

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td>Contractual obligations by year</td></tr><tr><td><i>In millions of dollars at year end</i></td><td>2009</td><td>2010</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2013</td><td>Thereafter</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt obligations<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$88,472</td><td>$41,431</td><td>$42,112</td><td>$27,999</td><td>$25,955</td><td>$133,624</td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease obligations</td><td>1,470</td><td>1,328</td><td>1,134</td><td>1,010</td><td>922</td><td>3,415</td></tr><tr><td>Purchase obligations</td><td>2,214</td><td>750</td><td>700</td><td>444</td><td>395</td><td>1,316</td></tr><tr><td>Other liabilities reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet<sup>-2</sup></td><td>38,221</td><td>792</td><td>35</td><td>36</td><td>38</td><td>3,193</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$130,377</td><td>$44,301</td><td>$43,981</td><td>$29,489</td><td>$27,310</td><td>$141,548</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="4"> Maximum potential amount of future payments</td></tr><tr><td><i>In billions of dollars</i></td><td> Investment grade</td><td> Non-investment grade</td><td> Not rated</td><td> Total</td></tr><tr><td>Financial standby letters of credit</td><td>$49.2</td><td>$28.6</td><td>$16.4</td><td>$94.2</td></tr><tr><td>Performance guarantees</td><td>5.7</td><td>5.0</td><td>5.6</td><td>16.3</td></tr><tr><td>Derivative instruments deemed to be guarantees</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>67.9</td><td>67.9</td></tr><tr><td>Guarantees of collection of contractual cash flows</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.3</td></tr><tr><td>Loans sold with recourse</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.3</td></tr><tr><td>Securities lending indemnifications<sup></sup></td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>47.6</td><td>47.6</td></tr><tr><td>Credit card merchant processing<sup></sup></td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>56.7</td><td>56.7</td></tr><tr><td>Custody indemnifications and other</td><td>18.5</td><td>3.1</td><td>—</td><td>21.6</td></tr><tr><td> Total</td><td>$73.4</td><td>$36.7</td><td>$194.8</td><td>$304.9</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td><i>In millions of dollars</i></td><td>2008</td><td>2007</td><td>2006</td><td>% Change 2008 vs. 2007</td><td>% Change 2007 vs. 2006</td></tr><tr><td>Net interest revenue</td><td>$8,618</td><td>$7,067</td><td>$5,222</td><td>22%</td><td>35%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-interest revenue</td><td>2,500</td><td>2,151</td><td>7,131</td><td>16</td><td>-70</td></tr><tr><td> Revenues, net of interest expense</td><td>$11,118</td><td>$9,218</td><td>$12,353</td><td>21%</td><td>-25%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses</td><td>11,051</td><td>10,864</td><td>8,778</td><td>2</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims</td><td>3,572</td><td>1,818</td><td>770</td><td>96</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td> Income (loss) before taxes and minority interest</td><td>$-3,505</td><td>$-3,464</td><td>$2,805</td><td>-1%</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes</td><td>-1,847</td><td>-1,836</td><td>604</td><td>-1</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Minority interest, net of taxes</td><td>83</td><td>85</td><td>42</td><td>-2</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td> Net income (loss)</td><td>$-1,741</td><td>$-1,713</td><td>$2,159</td><td>-2%</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>Average assets<i>(in billions of dollars)</i></td><td>$373</td><td>$406</td><td>$290</td><td>-8%</td><td>40%</td></tr><tr><td>Return on assets</td><td>-0.47%</td><td>-0.42%</td><td>0.74%</td><td>NM</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td> Key indicators<i>(in billions of dollars, except in branches)</i> </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Average loans</td><td>$115.5</td><td>$117.5</td><td>$87.2</td><td>-2%</td><td>35%</td></tr><tr><td>Average<i>Consumer Banking</i>loans</td><td>24.5</td><td>22.2</td><td>16.1</td><td>10</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Average deposits (and other consumer liability balances)</td><td>159.0</td><td>140.3</td><td>99.6</td><td>13</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Branches/offices</td><td>778</td><td>801</td><td>800</td><td>-3</td><td>—</td></tr></table>

Question: In the yearwith lowest amount ofNon-interest revenue, what's the increasing rate of Operating expenses?
Answer: 0.19201
Reasoning program: subtract(10864,8778), divide(#0,10864)