Gross realized and unrealized gains and losses, purchases and sales for Level 3 postretirement assets were not material for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015.
USRIP, or the Plan, Investment and Asset Allocation Strategies. ?
?The primary goal of the asset allocation strategy of the Plan is to produce a total investment return which will satisfy future annual cash benefit payments to participants and minimize future contributions from the Company.
Additionally, this strategy will diversify the plan assets to minimize nonsystemic risk and provide reasonable assurance that no single security or class of security will have a disproportionate impact on the Plan.
Investment managers are required to abide by the provisions of ERISA.
Standards of performance for each manager include an expected return versus an assigned benchmark, a measure of volatility, and a time period of evaluation.
The asset allocation strategy is determined by our external advisor forecasting investment returns by asset class and providing allocation guidelines to maximize returns while minimizing the volatility and correlation of those returns.
Investment recommendations are made by our external advisor, working in conjunction with our in-house Investment Committee.
The asset allocation and ranges are approved by in-house investment fiduciaries and Plan Administrators, who are Named Fiduciaries under ERISA.
The Plan, in an effort to meet asset allocation objectives, utilizes a variety of asset classes which has historically produced returns which are relatively uncorrelated to those of the S&P 500 in most environments.
Asset classes included in this category of alternative assets include hedge funds, private equity (including secondary private equity) and real assets (real estate, funds of hard asset securities and private equity funds focused on real assets).
The primary benefits of using these types of asset classes are: (1) their non-correlated returns reduce the overall volatility of the Plan’s portfolio of assets, and (2) their ability to produce superior risk-adjusted returns.
Additionally, the Plan allows certain of their managers, subject to specific risk constraints, to utilize derivative instruments, in order to enhance asset return, reduce volatility or both.
Derivatives are primarily employed by the Plans in their fixed income portfolios and in the hedge fund-of-funds area.
Derivatives can be used for hedging purposes to reduce risk.
No shares of Equifax common stock were directly owned by the Plan at December 31, 2015 or at December 31, 2014. ?
?Not more than 5% of the portfolio (at cost) shall be invested in the securities of any one issuer, with the exceptions of Equifax common stock or other securities, and U. S.  Treasury and government agency securities.
The following asset allocation ranges and actual allocations were in effect as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
## Table 0 ##
1 Not all of the requested hedge fund redemptions were yet received as of December 31, 2015.
CRIP Investment and Asset Allocation Strategies. ?
?The primary goal of the asset allocation strategy of the Plan is to produce a total investment return which will satisfy future annual cash benefit payments to participants and minimize future contributions from the Company.
Additionally, this strategy will diversify the plan assets to minimize nonsystemic risk and provide reasonable assurance that no single security or class of security will have a disproportionate impact on the Plan.
Due to the high funded status of the Plan, the Investment Committee of the CRIP has adopted a conservative asset allocation of 50/50 in equities and fixed income.
The Investment Committee maintains an investment policy for the CRIP, which imposes certain limitations and restrictions regarding allowable types of investments.
The current investment policy imposes those restrictions on investments or transactions such as (1) Equifax common stock or securities, except as might be incidental to any pooled funds which the plan may have, (2) commodities or loans, (3) short sales and the use of margin accounts, (4) put and call options, (5) private placements, and (6) transactions which are “related-party” in nature as specified by the Canadian Pension Benefits Standards Act and its regulations.
customer are capitalized and amortized as a cost of service during the term of the related customer contract.
We have some multiple element arrangements that include software.
We recognize the elements for which we have established vendor specific objective evidence at fair value upon delivery, in accordance with the applicable guidance.
We record revenue on a net basis for those sales in which we have in substance acted as an agent or broker in the transaction.
The debt collections and recovery management revenue is calculated as a percentage of debt collected on behalf of the customer and, as such, is primarily recognized when the cash is collected assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Deferred revenue consists of amounts billed and collected in excess of revenue recognized on sales relating generally to the deferral of subscription fees and arrangement consideration from elements not meeting the criteria for having stand-alone value discussed above.
Deferred revenues are subsequently recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policies.
Judgments and uncertainties — Each element of a multiple element arrangement must be considered separately to ensure that appropriate accounting is performed for these deliverables.
These considerations include assessing the price at which the element is sold compared to its relative fair value; concluding when the element will be delivered; evaluating collectibility; and determining whether any contingencies exist in the related customer contract that impact the prices paid to us for the services.
In addition, as stated above, the determination of certain of our marketing information services and tax management services revenue requires the use of estimates, principally related to transaction volumes in instances where these volumes are reported to us by our clients on a monthly basis in arrears.
In these instances, we estimate transaction volumes based on average actual volumes reported in the past.
Differences between our estimates and actual final volumes reported are recorded in the period in which actual volumes are reported.
Effects if actual results differ from assumptions — We have not experienced significant variances between our estimates of marketing information services and tax management services revenues reported to us by our customers and actual reported volumes in the past.
We monitor actual volumes to ensure that we will continue to make reasonable estimates in the future.
If we determine that we are unable to make reasonable future estimates, revenue may be deferred until actual customer data is obtained.
However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates and assumptions, or if our customer arrangements become more complex or include more bundled offerings in the future, we may be required to recognize revenue differently n the future to account for these changes.
We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to recognize revenue.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets We review goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually (as of September 30) and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.
These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance or trends, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.
We have eight reporting units comprised of U. S.  Information Solutions (which includes part of Online Information Solutions, Mortgage Solutions and Financial Marketing Services), Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, Canada, Global Consumer Solutions, Verification Services, and Employer Services.
The goodwill balance at December 31, 2016, for our eight reporting units was as follows:
## Table 1 ##
Qualitative Assessments We performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing was necessary for all of our reporting units.
In this qualitative assessment, we considered the following items for each of the reporting units: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance and other entity specific events.
In addition, for each of these reporting units, the most recent fair value determination resulted in an amount that exceeded the carrying amount of the reporting units.
Based on these assessments, we determined the likelihood that a current fair value determination would be less than the current carrying amount of the reporting unit is not more likely than not.
As a result of our conclusions, no further testing was required for all of our reporting units.
Loss Contingencies We are subject to various proceedings, lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of our business.
We determine
## Table 2 ##
Our effective tax rate was 14.0% for 2018, down from 19.9% for the same period in 2017.
The decrease in our effective income tax rate is due to the decrease in the statutory U. S.  tax rate as a result of the Tax Act enacted in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the increase in the benefit received from the reversal of uncertain tax positions.
These changes were offset by an increase in the impact of equity compensation, an increase in the foreign rate differential impact, and the deferred tax benefit recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 to reflect the impact of the Tax Act.
Our effective tax rate was 19.9% for 2017, down from 32.0% for the same period in 2016.
The decrease in our effective income tax rate for 2017 is primarily attributable to recording the preliminary impact of the Tax Act enacted in the fourth quarter of 2017, and the adoption of the new stock-based compensation guidance we prospectively adopted in the first quarter of 2017.
We recognized a $48.3 million and $26.7 million tax benefit related to the estimated impact of tax legislation enacted in 2017 and the accounting change for stock-based compensation guidance for the full year 2017, respectively.
Net Income
## Table 3 ##
primarily driven by the $326.2 million of aforementioned incremental technology and data security costs.
The increased costs were partially offset by decreased income tax expense due to lower pre-tax income and the decrease in the statutory U. S.  tax rate as a result of the Tax Act enacted in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Consolidated net income increased by $102.9 million, or 21%, in 2017 compared to 2016 due to increased operating income, principally in our International, Workforce Solutions, and USIS businesses, partially offset by the 2017 cybersecurity costs of $114.0 million and lower operating income in the Global Consumer Solutions business.
There were also several income tax benefits, consisting principally of the fourth quarter tax benefit related to the Tax Act and the prospective adoption of the new stock-based compensation guidance in the first quarter of 2017.
Additionally, there was an increase in other income, primarily due to a 2016 loss on economic hedges, offset by a foreign currency gain on intercompany debt related to the Veda transaction which did not recur in 2017.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued) (Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) Litigation Settlement — During May 2008, the SEC concluded its investigation that began in 2002 into our financial reporting practices, resulting in a settlement charge of $12.0.
Investment Impairments — In 2007 we realized an other-than-temporary charge of $5.8 relating to a $12.5 investment in auction rate securities, representing our total investment in auction rate securities.
For additional information see Note 15.
Note 6: Intangible Assets Goodwill Goodwill is the excess purchase price remaining from an acquisition after an allocation of purchase price has been made to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values.
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
## Table 4 ##
During the latter part of the fourth quarter of 2008 our stock price declined significantly after our annual impairment review as of October 1, 2008, and our market capitalization was less than our book value as of December 31, 2008.
We considered whether there were any events or circumstances indicative of a triggering event and determined that the decline in stock price during the fourth quarter was an event that would “more likely than not” reduce the fair value of our individual reporting units below their book value, requiring us to perform an interim impairment test for goodwill at the reporting unit level.
Based on the interim impairment test conducted, we concluded that there was no impairment of our goodwill as of December 31, 2008.
We will continue to monitor our stock price as it relates to the reconciliation of our market capitalization and the fair values of our individual reporting units throughout 2009.
During our annual impairment reviews as of October 1, 2006 our discounted future operating cash flow projections at one of our domestic advertising reporting units indicated that the implied fair value of the goodwill at this reporting unit was less than its book value, primarily due to client losses, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge of $27.2 in 2006 in our IAN segment.
Other Intangible Assets Included in other intangible assets are assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization and assets with definite lives subject to amortization.
Other intangible assets include non-compete agreements, license costs, trade names and customer lists.
Intangible assets with definitive lives subject to amortization are amortized on a

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Range</td><td colspan="2">Actual</td></tr><tr><td>USRIP</td><td>2015</td><td></td><td>2014</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td>Large-Cap Equity</td><td>10%-40%</td><td></td><td>10%-35%</td><td>25.9%</td><td>22.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Small- and Mid-Cap Equity</td><td>0%-15%</td><td></td><td>0%-15%</td><td>6.1%</td><td>5.6%</td></tr><tr><td>International Equity</td><td>10%-30%</td><td></td><td>10%-30%</td><td>12.0%</td><td>13.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Private Equity</td><td>2%-10%</td><td></td><td>2%-10%</td><td>8.8%</td><td>6.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Hedge Funds</td><td>0%-10%</td><td><sup>1</sup></td><td>10%-30%</td><td>11.4%</td><td>13.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Real Assets</td><td>2%-10%</td><td></td><td>2%-10%</td><td>3.7%</td><td>7.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Fixed Income</td><td>20%-55%</td><td></td><td>15%-40%</td><td>29.7%</td><td>29.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash</td><td>0%-15%</td><td></td><td>0%-15%</td><td>2.4%</td><td>1.5%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>December 31, 2016 (In millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Asia Pacific</td><td>1,402.4</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Information Solutions</td><td>1,071.3</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>150.2</td></tr><tr><td>Latin America</td><td>228.9</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td>33.1</td></tr><tr><td>Global Consumer Solutions</td><td>136.3</td></tr><tr><td>Verification Services</td><td>772.9</td></tr><tr><td>Employer Services</td><td>179.2</td></tr><tr><td>Total goodwill</td><td>$3,974.3</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Twelve Months EndedDecember 31,</td><td colspan="4">Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">2018 vs. 2017</td><td colspan="2">2017 vs. 2016</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for Income Taxes</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>$</td><td>%</td><td>$</td><td>%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="7">(In millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated provision for income taxes</td><td>$-50.0</td><td>$-148.6</td><td>$-233.1</td><td>$98.6</td><td>-66%</td><td>$84.5</td><td>-36%</td></tr><tr><td>Effective income tax rate</td><td>14.0%</td><td>19.9%</td><td>32.0%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">Twelve Months EndedDecember 31,</td><td colspan="4">Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">2018 vs. 2017</td><td colspan="2">2017 vs. 2016</td></tr><tr><td>Net Income</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>$</td><td>%</td><td>$</td><td>%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="7">(In millions, except per share amounts)</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated operating income</td><td>$448.0</td><td>$831.7</td><td>$825.1</td><td>$-383.7</td><td>-46%</td><td>$6.6</td><td>1%</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated other expense, net</td><td>-91.7</td><td>-85.1</td><td>-96.9</td><td>-6.6</td><td>8%</td><td>11.8</td><td>-12%</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated provision for income taxes</td><td>-50.0</td><td>-148.6</td><td>-233.1</td><td>98.6</td><td>-66%</td><td>84.5</td><td>-36%</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated net income</td><td>306.3</td><td>598.0</td><td>495.1</td><td>-291.7</td><td>-49%</td><td>102.9</td><td>21%</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td>-6.5</td><td>-10.7</td><td>-6.3</td><td>4.2</td><td>-39%</td><td>-4.4</td><td>70%</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to Equifax</td><td>$299.8</td><td>$587.3</td><td>$488.8</td><td>$-287.5</td><td>-49%</td><td>$98.5</td><td>20%</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted earnings per share:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to Equifax</td><td>$2.47</td><td>$4.83</td><td>$4.04</td><td>$-2.36</td><td>-49%</td><td>$0.79</td><td>20%</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share</td><td>121.4</td><td>121.5</td><td>121.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td></td><td>IAN</td><td>CMG</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Balance as of December 31, 2006</td><td>$2,632.5</td><td>$435.3</td><td>$3,067.8</td></tr><tr><td>Current year acquisitions</td><td>86.0</td><td>—</td><td>86.0</td></tr><tr><td>Contingent and deferred payments for prior acquisitions</td><td>4.7</td><td>3.7</td><td>8.4</td></tr><tr><td>Amounts allocated to business dispositions</td><td>-5.7</td><td>—</td><td>-5.7</td></tr><tr><td>Other (primarily foreign currency translation)</td><td>72.2</td><td>2.9</td><td>75.1</td></tr><tr><td>Balance as of December 31, 2007</td><td>2,789.7</td><td>441.9</td><td>3,231.6</td></tr><tr><td>Current year acquisitions</td><td>99.5</td><td>1.8</td><td>101.3</td></tr><tr><td>Contingent and deferred payments for prior acquisitions</td><td>28.9</td><td>1.1</td><td>30.0</td></tr><tr><td>Amounts allocated to business dispositions</td><td>-0.4</td><td>—</td><td>-0.4</td></tr><tr><td>Other (primarily foreign currency translation)</td><td>-127.7</td><td>-13.9</td><td>-141.6</td></tr><tr><td>Balance as of December 31, 2008</td><td>$2,790.0</td><td>$430.9</td><td>$3,220.9</td></tr></table>

Question: what was the percentage change in total goodwill carrying value from 2007 to 2008?
Answer: -0.00331
Reasoning program: subtract(3220.9,3231.6), divide(#0,3231.6)