Table VII Allowance for Credit Losses
## Table 0 ##
(1) The 2010 balance includes $10.8 billion of allowance for loan and lease losses related to the adoption of new consolidation guidance.
(2) Includes U. S.  small business commercial charge-offs of $1.1 billion, $2.0 billion, $3.0 billion, $2.0 billion and $931 million in 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(3) Includes U. S.  small business commercial recoveries of $106 million, $107 million, $65 million, $39 million and $51 million in 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(4) The 2011 amount includes a $449 million reserve reduction in the allowance for loan and lease losses related to Canadian consumer card loans that were transferred to LHFS.
The 2009 amount includes a $750 million reduction in the allowance for loan and lease losses related to credit card loans of $8.5 billion which were exchanged for $7.8 billion in held-to-maturity debt securities that were issued by the Corporation’s U. S.  Credit Card Securitization Trust and retained by the Corporation.
The 2008 amount includes the $1.2 billion addition to the Countrywide allowance for loan losses as of July 1, 2008.
The 2007 amount includes $750 million of additions to the allowance for loan losses for certain acquisitions.
(5) The 2011 and 2010 amounts primarily represent accretion of the Merrill Lynch purchase accounting adjustment and the impact of funding previously unfunded positions.
The 2009 amount includes the remaining balance of the acquired Merrill Lynch reserve excluding those commitments accounted for under the fair value option, net of accretion, and the impact of funding previously unfunded positions.
The 2007 amount includes a $124 million addition for reserve for unfunded lending commitments for a prior acquisition.
n/a = not applicable
THE HERSHEY COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) (amounts in thousands, except share data or if otherwise indicated)
## Table 1 ##
“Estimated values” means the fair value for the market-based total shareholder return component of each PSU at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model; “Dividend yields” means the sum of dividends declared for the four most recent quarterly periods, divided by the average price of our Common Stock for the comparable periods; “Expected volatility” means the historical volatility of our Common Stock over the expected term of each grant.
The fair value of shares vested totaled $22,062, $46,113 and $57,360 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Deferred PSUs, deferred RSUs and deferred stock units representing directors’ fees totaled 483,465 units as of December 31, 2016.
Each unit is equivalent to one share of the Company’s Common Stock.11.
SEGMENT INFORMATION Our organizational structure is designed to ensure continued focus on North America, coupled with an emphasis on profitable growth in our focus international markets.
Our business is organized around geographic regions, which enables us to build processes for repeatable success in our global markets.
As a result, we have defined our operating segments on a geographic basis, as this aligns with how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) manages our business, including resource allocation and performance assessment.
Our North America business, which generates approximately 88% of our consolidated revenue, is our only reportable segment.
None of our other operating segments meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as reportable segments; therefore, these operating segments are combined and disclosed below as International and Other.  ?
North America - This segment is responsible for our traditional chocolate and non-chocolate confectionery market position, as well as our grocery and growing snacks market positions, in the United States and Canada.
This includes developing and growing our business in chocolate and non-chocolate confectionery, pantry, food service and other snacking product lines.  ?
International and Other - International and Other is a combination of all other operating segments that are not individually material, including those geographic regions where we operate outside of North America.
We currently have operations and manufacture product in China, Mexico, Brazil, India and Malaysia, primarily for consumers in these regions, and also distribute and sell confectionery products in export markets of Asia, Latin America, Middle East, Europe, Africa and other regions.
This segment also includes our global retail operations, including Hershey's Chocolate World stores in Hershey, Pennsylvania, New York City, Las Vegas, Shanghai, Niagara Falls (Ontario), Dubai, and Singapore, as well as operations associated with licensing the use of certain of the Company's trademarks and products to third parties around the world.
For segment reporting purposes, we use “segment income” to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources.
Segment income excludes unallocated general corporate administrative expenses, unallocated mark-to-market gains and losses on commodity derivatives, business realignment and impairment charges, acquisition integration costs, the non-service related portion of pension expense and other unusual gains or losses that are not part of our measurement of segment performance.
These items of our operating income are managed centrally at the corporate level and are excluded from the measure of segment income reviewed by the CODM as well the measure of segment performance used for incentive compensation purposes.
Accounting policies associated with our operating segments are generally the same as those described in Note 1.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement 03 ?PROPERTY ACQUISITIONS 2010 ACQUISITIONS In January 2010, we became the sole owner of 100 Church Street, a 1.05?
million square-foot (unaudited) office tower located in downtown Manhattan, following the successful foreclosure of the senior mezzanine loan at the property.
Our initial investment totaled $40.9?million, which was comprised of a 50% interest in the senior mezzanine loan and two other mezzanine loans at 100 Church Street, which we acquired from Gramercy Capital Corp.  (NYSE: GKK), or Gramercy, in the summer of 2007.
At closing of the foreclosure, we funded an additional $15.0?million of capital into the project as part of our agreement with Wachovia Bank, N. A.  to extend and restructure the existing financing.
Gramercy declined to fund its share of this capital and instead transferred its interests in the investment to us at closing.
The restructured $139.7?million mortgage carries an interest rate of 350 basis points over the 30-day LIBOR.
The restructured mortgage matures in January 2013 and has a one-year extension option.
The following summarizes our allocation of the purchase price of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon the completion of the foreclosure of 100 Church Street (in thousands):
## Table 2 ##
In August 2010, we acquired 125 Park Avenue, a Manhattan office tower, for $330?million.
In connection with the acquisition, we assumed $146.25?
million of in-place financing.
The 5.748% interest-only loan matures in October 2014.
The following summarizes our allocation of the purchase price of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon the closing of 125 Park Avenue (in thousands):
## Table 3 ##
In December?2010, we completed the acquisition of investments from Gramercy.
This included (1)?the remaining 45% interest in the leased fee at 885 Third Avenue for approximately $39.3?million plus assumed mortgage debt of approximately $120.4?million, (2)?the remaining 45% interest in the leased fee at 2 Herald Square for approximately $25.6?million plus assumed mortgage debt of approximately $86.1?
million and, (3)?the entire leased fee interest in 292 Madison Avenue for approximately $19.2?million plus assumed mortgage debt of approximately $59.1?million.
These assets are all leased to third-party operators.
The following summarizes our preliminary allocation of the purchase price of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon the purchase of the abovementioned investments from Gramercy (in thousands)
## Table 4 ##
In December?2010, we acquired two retail condominiums in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, for approximately $18.4?million.
The retail condominiums are fully leased with rent commencement upon completion of the redevelopment work.
We will finalize our allocation of the purchase price of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in 2011.2009 ACQUISITIONS During 2009, we acquired the sub-leasehold positions at 420 Lexington Avenue for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $15.9?million.2008 ACQUISITIONS In February 2008, we, through our joint venture with Jeff Sutton, acquired the properties located at 182 Broadway and 63 Nassau Street for approximately $30.0?million in the aggregate.
These properties are located adjacent to 180 Broadway, which we acquired in August 2007.
As part of the acquisition, we also closed on a $31.0?million loan which bears interest at 225 basis points over the 30-day LIBOR.
The loan has a three-year term and two one-year extensions.
We drew down $21.1?million at the closing to pay the balance of the acquisition costs.
See Note?6.
During the second quarter of 2008, we, through a joint venture with NYSTERS, acquired various interests in the fee positions at 919 Third Avenue for approximately $32.8?million.
As a result, our joint venture controls the entire fee position.
Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of these companies is included in consolidated net earnings.
Judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes considering key factors such as the Company’s ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intercompany transactions.
See Note 5, Equity Method Investments for further information relating to the Company’s equity method investments.
Investments The Company’s investments consist principally of corporate debt, other debt securities, and equity securities of publicly-traded companies.
The Company classifies its investments in securities at the time of purchase as held-to-maturity or available-forsale, and re-evaluates such classifications on a quarterly basis.
Held-to-maturity investments consist of debt securities that the Company has the intent and ability to hold until maturity.
These securities are recorded at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and discounts, which approximates fair value.
Available-for-sale debt and equity securities are recorded at fair value.
Unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income until realized.
Realized gains and losses of available-for-sale investments are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
The Company evaluates these investments for other-than-temporary impairment.
Such evaluation involves a variety of considerations, including assessments of the risks and uncertainties associated with general economic conditions and distinct conditions affecting specific issuers.
Factors considered by the Company include (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been below cost; (ii) the financial condition, credit worthiness, and near-term prospects of the issuer; (iii) the length of time to maturity; (iv) future economic conditions and market forecasts; (v) the Company’s intent and ability to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery of market value; and (vi) an assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell its investment before recovery of fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of owned assets.
Estimated useful lives range from 20 years for land improvements, 3 to 50 for buildings and building improvements and 3 to 20 for fixtures, plant and equipment.
Leasehold improvements, equipment under capital lease and capital lease properties are amortized over their respective estimate of useful life or over the term of the lease, whichever is shorter.
Major repairs, which extend the useful life of an asset, are capitalized; routine maintenance and repairs are charged against earnings.
The majority of the Company’s fixtures and equipment uses the composite method of depreciation.
Therefore, gains and losses on retirement or other disposition of such assets are included in earnings only when an operating location is closed, substantially remodeled or impaired.
Property, plant and equipment consists of (in millions):

Tables referenced above, in order (Table 0 first):
<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2011</td><td>2010</td><td>2009</td><td>2008</td><td>2007</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1<sup>-1</sup></td><td>$41,885</td><td>$47,988</td><td>$23,071</td><td>$11,588</td><td>$9,016</td></tr><tr><td>Loans and leases charged off</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Residential mortgage</td><td>-4,195</td><td>-3,779</td><td>-4,436</td><td>-964</td><td>-78</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity</td><td>-4,990</td><td>-7,059</td><td>-7,205</td><td>-3,597</td><td>-286</td></tr><tr><td>Discontinued real estate</td><td>-106</td><td>-77</td><td>-104</td><td>-19</td><td>n/a</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. credit card</td><td>-8,114</td><td>-13,818</td><td>-6,753</td><td>-4,469</td><td>-3,410</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S. credit card</td><td>-1,691</td><td>-2,424</td><td>-1,332</td><td>-639</td><td>-453</td></tr><tr><td>Direct/Indirect consumer</td><td>-2,190</td><td>-4,303</td><td>-6,406</td><td>-3,777</td><td>-1,885</td></tr><tr><td>Other consumer</td><td>-252</td><td>-320</td><td>-491</td><td>-461</td><td>-346</td></tr><tr><td>Total consumer charge-offs</td><td>-21,538</td><td>-31,780</td><td>-26,727</td><td>-13,926</td><td>-6,458</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. commercial<sup>-2</sup></td><td>-1,690</td><td>-3,190</td><td>-5,237</td><td>-2,567</td><td>-1,135</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial real estate</td><td>-1,298</td><td>-2,185</td><td>-2,744</td><td>-895</td><td>-54</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial lease financing</td><td>-61</td><td>-96</td><td>-217</td><td>-79</td><td>-55</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S. commercial</td><td>-155</td><td>-139</td><td>-558</td><td>-199</td><td>-28</td></tr><tr><td>Total commercial charge-offs</td><td>-3,204</td><td>-5,610</td><td>-8,756</td><td>-3,740</td><td>-1,272</td></tr><tr><td>Total loans and leases charged off</td><td>-24,742</td><td>-37,390</td><td>-35,483</td><td>-17,666</td><td>-7,730</td></tr><tr><td>Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Residential mortgage</td><td>363</td><td>109</td><td>86</td><td>39</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Home equity</td><td>517</td><td>278</td><td>155</td><td>101</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Discontinued real estate</td><td>14</td><td>9</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>n/a</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. credit card</td><td>838</td><td>791</td><td>206</td><td>308</td><td>347</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S. credit card</td><td>522</td><td>217</td><td>93</td><td>88</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Direct/Indirect consumer</td><td>714</td><td>967</td><td>943</td><td>663</td><td>512</td></tr><tr><td>Other consumer</td><td>50</td><td>59</td><td>63</td><td>62</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Total consumer recoveries</td><td>3,018</td><td>2,430</td><td>1,549</td><td>1,264</td><td>1,035</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. commercial<sup>-3</sup></td><td>500</td><td>391</td><td>161</td><td>118</td><td>128</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial real estate</td><td>351</td><td>168</td><td>42</td><td>8</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial lease financing</td><td>37</td><td>39</td><td>22</td><td>19</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S. commercial</td><td>3</td><td>28</td><td>21</td><td>26</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Total commercial recoveries</td><td>891</td><td>626</td><td>246</td><td>171</td><td>215</td></tr><tr><td>Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off</td><td>3,909</td><td>3,056</td><td>1,795</td><td>1,435</td><td>1,250</td></tr><tr><td>Net charge-offs</td><td>-20,833</td><td>-34,334</td><td>-33,688</td><td>-16,231</td><td>-6,480</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for loan and lease losses</td><td>13,629</td><td>28,195</td><td>48,366</td><td>26,922</td><td>8,357</td></tr><tr><td>Other<sup>-4</sup></td><td>-898</td><td>36</td><td>-549</td><td>792</td><td>695</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for loan and lease losses, December 31</td><td>33,783</td><td>41,885</td><td>37,200</td><td>23,071</td><td>11,588</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1</td><td>1,188</td><td>1,487</td><td>421</td><td>518</td><td>397</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for unfunded lending commitments</td><td>-219</td><td>240</td><td>204</td><td>-97</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Other<sup>-5</sup></td><td>-255</td><td>-539</td><td>862</td><td>—</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, December 31</td><td>714</td><td>1,188</td><td>1,487</td><td>421</td><td>518</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for credit losses, December 31</td><td>$34,497</td><td>$43,073</td><td>$38,687</td><td>$23,492</td><td>$12,106</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>For the years ended December 31,</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td>Units granted</td><td>545,750</td><td>381,407</td><td>331,788</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average fair value at date of grant</td><td>$93.55</td><td>$104.68</td><td>$115.57</td></tr><tr><td>Monte Carlo simulation assumptions:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Estimated values</td><td>$38.02</td><td>$61.22</td><td>$80.95</td></tr><tr><td>Dividend yields</td><td>2.5%</td><td>2.0%</td><td>1.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Expected volatility</td><td>17.0%</td><td>14.9%</td><td>15.5%</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Land</td><td>$32,494</td></tr><tr><td>Building</td><td>86,806</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired above-market leases</td><td>118</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired in-place leases</td><td>17,380</td></tr><tr><td>Restricted cash</td><td>53,735</td></tr><tr><td>Assets acquired</td><td>190,533</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage note payable</td><td>139,672</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired below-market leases</td><td>8,025</td></tr><tr><td>Other liabilities, net of other assets</td><td>1,674</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities assumed</td><td>149,371</td></tr><tr><td>Net assets acquired</td><td>$41,162</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Land</td><td>$120,900</td></tr><tr><td>Building</td><td>201,726</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired above-market leases</td><td>11,282</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired in-place leases</td><td>28,828</td></tr><tr><td>Assets acquired</td><td>362,736</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage note payable at fair value</td><td>158,397</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired below-market leases</td><td>20,589</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities assumed</td><td>178,986</td></tr><tr><td>Net assets acquired</td><td>$183,750</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Land</td><td>$257,717</td></tr><tr><td>Acquired in-place leases</td><td>460,988</td></tr><tr><td>Assets acquired</td><td>718,705</td></tr><tr><td>Mortgage notes payable</td><td>517,999</td></tr><tr><td>Other liabilities, net of other assets</td><td>2,091</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities assumed</td><td>520,090</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>198,615</td></tr><tr><td>Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures</td><td>-111,751</td></tr><tr><td>Net assets acquired</td><td>$86,864</td></tr></table>

Question: How many consumer recoveries exceed the average of commercial recoveries in 2011?
Answer: 5