operating expenses millions 2013 2012 2011 % (  % ) change 2013 v 2012 % (  % ) change 2012 v 2011 .

Table: millions 2013 2012 2011 % (  % ) change 2013 v 2012 % (  % ) change 2012 v 2011 compensation and benefits $ 4807 $ 4685 $ 4681 3 % (  % ) -% ( - % ) fuel 3534 3608 3581 -2 ( 2 ) 1 purchased services and materials 2315 2143 2005 8 7 depreciation 1777 1760 1617 1 9 equipment and other rents 1235 1197 1167 3 3 other 849 788 782 8 1 total $ 14517 $ 14181 $ 13833 2 % (  % ) 3% ( 3 % )

operating expenses increased $ 336 million in 2013 versus 2012 . wage and benefit inflation , new logistics management fees and container costs for our automotive business , locomotive overhauls , property taxes and repairs on jointly owned property contributed to higher expenses during the year . lower fuel prices partially offset the cost increases . operating expenses increased $ 348 million in 2012 versus 2011 . depreciation , wage and benefit inflation , higher fuel prices and volume- related trucking services purchased by our logistics subsidiaries , contributed to higher expenses during the year . efficiency gains , volume related fuel savings ( 2% ( 2 % ) fewer gallons of fuel consumed ) and $ 38 million of weather related expenses in 2011 , which favorably affects the comparison , partially offset the cost increase . compensation and benefits 2013 compensation and benefits include wages , payroll taxes , health and welfare costs , pension costs , other postretirement benefits , and incentive costs . general wages and benefits inflation , higher work force levels and increased pension and other postretirement benefits drove the increases in 2013 versus 2012 . the impact of ongoing productivity initiatives partially offset these increases . expenses in 2012 were essentially flat versus 2011 as operational improvements and cost reductions offset general wage and benefit inflation and higher pension and other postretirement benefits . in addition , weather related costs increased these expenses in 2011 . fuel 2013 fuel includes locomotive fuel and gasoline for highway and non-highway vehicles and heavy equipment . lower locomotive diesel fuel prices , which averaged $ 3.15 per gallon ( including taxes and transportation costs ) in 2013 , compared to $ 3.22 in 2012 , decreased expenses by $ 75 million . volume , as measured by gross ton-miles , decreased 1% ( 1 % ) while the fuel consumption rate , computed as gallons of fuel consumed divided by gross ton-miles , increased 2% ( 2 % ) compared to 2012 . declines in heavier , more fuel-efficient coal shipments drove the variances in gross-ton-miles and the fuel consumption rate . higher locomotive diesel fuel prices , which averaged $ 3.22 per gallon ( including taxes and transportation costs ) in 2012 , compared to $ 3.12 in 2011 , increased expenses by $ 105 million . volume , as measured by gross ton-miles , decreased 2% ( 2 % ) in 2012 versus 2011 , driving expense down . the fuel consumption rate was flat year-over-year . purchased services and materials 2013 expense for purchased services and materials includes the costs of services purchased from outside contractors and other service providers ( including equipment maintenance and contract expenses incurred by our subsidiaries for external transportation services ) ; materials used to maintain the railroad 2019s lines , structures , and equipment ; costs of operating facilities jointly used by uprr and other railroads ; transportation and lodging for train crew employees ; trucking and contracting costs for intermodal containers ; leased automobile maintenance expenses ; and tools and 2013 operating expenses .

Question: what percentage of total operating expenses was fuel in 2013?
Answer: 24%
Calculation: divide(3534, 14517)