jpmorgan chase & co . / 2008 annual report 211 jpmorgan chase is subject to ongoing tax examinations by the tax authorities of the various jurisdictions in which it operates , including u.s . federal and state and non-u.s . jurisdictions . the firm 2019s consoli- dated federal income tax returns are presently under examination by the internal revenue service ( 201cirs 201d ) for the years 2003 , 2004 and 2005 . the consolidated federal income tax returns of bank one corporation , which merged with and into jpmorgan chase on july 1 , 2004 , are under examination for the years 2000 through 2003 , and for the period january 1 , 2004 , through july 1 , 2004 . the consolidat- ed federal income tax returns of bear stearns for the years ended november 30 , 2003 , 2004 and 2005 , are also under examination . all three examinations are expected to conclude in 2009 . the irs audits of the consolidated federal income tax returns of jpmorgan chase for the years 2006 and 2007 , and for bear stearns for the years ended november 30 , 2006 and 2007 , are expected to commence in 2009 . administrative appeals are pending with the irs relating to prior examination periods . for 2002 and prior years , refund claims relating to income and credit adjustments , and to tax attribute carry- backs , for jpmorgan chase and its predecessor entities , including bank one , have been filed . amended returns to reflect refund claims primarily attributable to net operating losses and tax credit carry- backs will be filed for the final bear stearns federal consolidated tax return for the period december 1 , 2007 , through may 30 , 2008 , and for prior years . the following table presents the u.s . and non-u.s . components of income from continuing operations before income tax expense ( benefit ) . .

Table: year ended december 31 ( in millions ) 2008 2007 2006 u.s . $ -2094 ( 2094 ) $ 13720 $ 12934 non-u.s. ( a ) 4867 9085 6952 income from continuing operationsbefore income taxexpense ( benefit ) $ 2773 $ 22805 $ 19886

non-u.s. ( a ) 4867 9085 6952 income from continuing operations before income tax expense ( benefit ) $ 2773 $ 22805 $ 19886 ( a ) for purposes of this table , non-u.s . income is defined as income generated from operations located outside the u.s . note 29 2013 restrictions on cash and intercom- pany funds transfers the business of jpmorgan chase bank , national association ( 201cjpmorgan chase bank , n.a . 201d ) is subject to examination and regula- tion by the office of the comptroller of the currency ( 201cocc 201d ) . the bank is a member of the u.s . federal reserve system , and its deposits are insured by the fdic as discussed in note 20 on page 202 of this annual report . the board of governors of the federal reserve system ( the 201cfederal reserve 201d ) requires depository institutions to maintain cash reserves with a federal reserve bank . the average amount of reserve bal- ances deposited by the firm 2019s bank subsidiaries with various federal reserve banks was approximately $ 1.6 billion in 2008 and 2007 . restrictions imposed by u.s . federal law prohibit jpmorgan chase and certain of its affiliates from borrowing from banking subsidiaries unless the loans are secured in specified amounts . such secured loans to the firm or to other affiliates are generally limited to 10% ( 10 % ) of the banking subsidiary 2019s total capital , as determined by the risk- based capital guidelines ; the aggregate amount of all such loans is limited to 20% ( 20 % ) of the banking subsidiary 2019s total capital . the principal sources of jpmorgan chase 2019s income ( on a parent com- pany 2013only basis ) are dividends and interest from jpmorgan chase bank , n.a. , and the other banking and nonbanking subsidiaries of jpmorgan chase . in addition to dividend restrictions set forth in statutes and regulations , the federal reserve , the occ and the fdic have authority under the financial institutions supervisory act to pro- hibit or to limit the payment of dividends by the banking organizations they supervise , including jpmorgan chase and its subsidiaries that are banks or bank holding companies , if , in the banking regulator 2019s opin- ion , payment of a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in light of the financial condition of the banking organization . at january 1 , 2009 and 2008 , jpmorgan chase 2019s banking sub- sidiaries could pay , in the aggregate , $ 17.0 billion and $ 16.2 billion , respectively , in dividends to their respective bank holding companies without the prior approval of their relevant banking regulators . the capacity to pay dividends in 2009 will be supplemented by the bank- ing subsidiaries 2019 earnings during the year . in compliance with rules and regulations established by u.s . and non-u.s . regulators , as of december 31 , 2008 and 2007 , cash in the amount of $ 20.8 billion and $ 16.0 billion , respectively , and securities with a fair value of $ 12.1 billion and $ 3.4 billion , respectively , were segregated in special bank accounts for the benefit of securities and futures brokerage customers. .

Question: how many years are under exam for the firm or it's recent acquired subsidiaries?
Answer: 5
Calculation: subtract(2005, 2000)