notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) note 3 2014financial instruments ( continued ) accounts receivable trade receivables the company distributes its products through third-party distributors and resellers and directly to certain education , consumer , and commercial customers . the company generally does not require collateral from its customers ; however , the company will require collateral in certain instances to limit credit risk . in addition , when possible , the company does attempt to limit credit risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers in latin america , europe , asia , and australia and by arranging with third- party financing companies to provide flooring arrangements and other loan and lease programs to the company 2019s direct customers . these credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer . as such , the company generally does not assume any recourse or credit risk sharing related to any of these arrangements . however , considerable trade receivables that are not covered by collateral , third-party flooring arrangements , or credit insurance are outstanding with the company 2019s distribution and retail channel partners . no customer accounted for more than 10% ( 10 % ) of trade receivables as of september 30 , 2006 or september 24 , 2005 . the following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts ( in millions ) : september 30 , september 24 , september 25 .

Table: september 30 2006 september 24 2005 september 25 2004 beginning allowance balance $ 46 $ 47 $ 49 charged to costs and expenses 17 8 3 deductions ( a ) -11 ( 11 ) -9 ( 9 ) -5 ( 5 ) ending allowance balance $ 52 $ 46 $ 47

( a ) represents amounts written off against the allowance , net of recoveries . vendor non-trade receivables the company has non-trade receivables from certain of its manufacturing vendors resulting from the sale of raw material components to these manufacturing vendors who manufacture sub-assemblies or assemble final products for the company . the company purchases these raw material components directly from suppliers . these non-trade receivables , which are included in the consolidated balance sheets in other current assets , totaled $ 1.6 billion and $ 417 million as of september 30 , 2006 and september 24 , 2005 , respectively . the company does not reflect the sale of these components in net sales and does not recognize any profits on these sales until the products are sold through to the end customer at which time the profit is recognized as a reduction of cost of sales . derivative financial instruments the company uses derivatives to partially offset its business exposure to foreign exchange risk . foreign currency forward and option contracts are used to offset the foreign exchange risk on certain existing assets and liabilities and to hedge the foreign exchange risk on expected future cash flows on certain forecasted revenue and cost of sales . from time to time , the company enters into interest rate derivative agreements to modify the interest rate profile of certain investments and debt . the company 2019s accounting policies for these instruments are based on whether the instruments are designated as hedge or non-hedge instruments . the company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. .

Question: by how much did the allowance for doubtful accounts increase from 2005 to 2006?
Answer: 13.0%
Calculation: divide(subtract(52, 46), 46)