FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC 
) 
OF THE PHILIPPINES 
) 
First Regular Session 
) 
10 
JUL ··1 
i\[l :05 
SENATE 
S. B.No. 
1 
{I 
, 
1 
Introduced by Senator JUAN PONCE ENRILE 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
Our people have been victims to big business. It behooves the Senate to provide 
protection to our people against price manipulators. 
In a volatile economic situation such as that which we are experiencing now, It IS 
not very difficult to imagine how artificial prices in one or two commodities is able to 
directly or indirectly raise the prices of related goods and services. 
In Article XII, Section 19, our Constitution provides: 
"Section 19. 
The State shall regulate or prohibit 
monopolies when the public interest so requires. No combinations 
in restraint of trade or unfair competition shall be allowed." 
As proof of the importance of this Constitutional mandate, Section 22 of the same 
article encourages the promulgation of legislation that would impose civil and criminal 
sanctions against those who circumvent or negate this principle. Hence, Section 22 of the 
Constitution provides: 
"Section 22. Acts which circumvent or negate any of the 
provisions of this Article shall be considered inimical to the 
national interest and subject to criminal and civil sanctions, as may 
be provided by law." 
Although previous legislations have been passed pursuant to this Constitutional 
mandate, the increased deviousness and complexity of schemes in perpetuating 
monopolies in the free market landscape necessitates an equally sophisticated legislation 
that would effectively address this concern. 
Generally, this bill penalizes combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade and 
all forms of artificial machinations that will injure, destroy or prevent free market 
competition. 
For these reasons, the passage ofthis bill is earnestly recommended. 


1 
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FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
First Regular Session 
) 
) 
) 
SENATE 
S.B.NO: 
1 
Introduced by Senator Juan Ponce Enrile 
I 0 JUL -1 
A 8 :05 
I' i. 
-'-'-l 
AN ACT PENALIZING UNFAIR TRADE AND ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES IN 
RESTRAINT OF TRADE, UNFAIR COMPETITION, ABUSE OF DOMINANT POWER, 
STRENGTHENING 
THE 
POWERS 
OF 
REGULATORY 
AUTHORITIES 
AND 
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES 
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress 
assembled: 
CHAPTER 1 
TITLE AND DECLARATION OF POLICY 
SECTION 1. Title. - This Act shall be known and cited as the "Competition Act of2010." 
5 
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. - Pursuant to the constitutional mandate that the State shall 
6 
regulate or prohibit monopolies when the public interest so requires and that no combinations in 
7 
restraint of trade or unfair competition shall be allowed, the State shall: 
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(a) promote and enhance economic efficiency and tree and full competition in trade, industry 
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and all commercial economic activities; 
1 0 
(b) prevent the concentration of economic power in a few persons who threaten to control the 
11 
production, trade, or industry in order to stifle competition, distort, manipulate or constrict the 
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discipline offree markets, increase market prices in the Philippines; and 
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(c) penalize all forms of unfair trade, anti-competitive conduct and combinations in restraint of 
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trade, with the objective of protecting and advancing consumer welfare, 
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CHAPTER 2 
16 
SCOPE AND APPLICATION, DEFINITION OF TERMS 


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I 
SEC. 3. Scope and Application. - This Act shall be enforceable within the territory of the 
2 
Republic of the Philippines and shall apply to all areas of trade, industry and commercial economic 
3 
activity. It shall likewise be applicable to international trade having direct, substantial and reasonably 
4 
forseeable effects in trade, industry or commerce in the Republic of the Philippines including those that 
5 
result from acts done outside the Republic of the Philippines. 
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The Act shall apply to: (a) all firms as defined hereunder and all their commercial agreements, 
7 
actions or transactions involving goods, services or intellectnal property; and, (b) all natural persons 
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who, acting in their capacity as owner, manager or employee of a firm, shall authorize, engage or aid in 
9 
the commission of restrictive practices prohibited under this Act. 
10 
SEC. 4. Definition o/Terms. - As used in this Act, the following terms shall be defined as: 
11 
(a) 
Agreements shall refer to any type or form of arrangement, understanding, undertaking or 
12 
concerted action, whether formal or informal, written or oral; 
13 
(b) Cartel shall mean a combination of firms, providing goods in relevant markets, acting or 
14 
joined together to obtain a shared monopoly to control production, sale and price, or to obtain control 
15 
in any particular industry or commodity, or a group of firms that agree to restrict trade to their mutual 
16 
benefit, which mayor may not be of an international scale. It shall also refer to firms or section of 
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firms having common interest designed to promote the exchange of knowledge resulting from 
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scientific and technical research, exchange of patent rights and standardization of products among 
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themselves with the intent of preventing, restricting or distoring competition; 
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( c) Competition shall mean the process by which economic agents, acting independently in a 
21 
market, limit each other's ability to control the prevailing conditions in the market; 
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(d) Control shall refer to at least twenty percent (20%) ownership, directly or indirectly, of a 
23 
firm or a group of firms by another firm; 
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(e) Firms shall include any person, natural or juridical, partnership, combination or association 
25 
in any form, whether incorporated or not, domestic or foreign, including those owned or controlled by 
26 
the government, engaged directly or indirectly in any economic activity: Provided, That, two firms, 


3 
one of which is controlled by the other, shall be treated as one firm: Provided, further, That two or 
2 
more finns that are controlled by a single firm shall be treated as one finn; 
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(f) Goods shall include all types of goods and services; 
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(g) Market shall refer to a place or venue for commercial activity, which may extend beyond 
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the borders of the Republic of the Philippines, where articles are bought or sold. It shall also refer to 
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the geographical or economic extent of commercial demand; 
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(h) Monopoly shall mean a privilege or undue advantage of one or more firms, consisting in the 
8 
exclusive right to carryon a particular business or trade, and/or manufacture a particular product, 
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article or object of trade, commerce or industry. It is a form of market structure in which one or only a 
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few firms dominate the total sales of a product or service; 
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(i) Monopoly Power or Dominmlt Position shall refer to a situation where a firm, either by 
12 
itself or acting in collusion with other firms, is in a position to control a relevant market for the sale of 
13 
a particular good or service by fixing its prices, excluding competitor firm, or controlling the market in 
14 
a specific geographical area; and 
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(j) 
Relevant Market shall refer to the line of commerce in which competition has been 
16 
restrained. It shall also refer to the geographic area involved, including all reasonably substitutable 
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goods, and all nearby competitors, to which consumers could turn if the restraint or abuse results in the 
18 
significant increase in prices. 
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CHAPTER 3 
20 
PROHIBITED ACTS 
21 
SEC. 5. Cartelization. - It shall be unlawful for firms providing goods in relevant markets to 
22 
join together to monopolize, or to control production in a particular industry or commodity, the sale 
23 
and price of such good, and to agrce to restrict trade for their mutual benefit, which mayor may not be 
24 
on an international scale. This shall also include an association by agreement of firms or sections of 
25 
firms having common interests designed to promote the interchange of knowledge resulting from 
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scientific and technical researches, exchange of patent rights and standardization of products among 
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themselves with the intent of preventing, restricting or distorting competition. 


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Restrictive agreements resulting from cartel-like behavior of firms, in any form, are hereby per 
2 
se deemed illegal. These shall include, but not limited to, the following: 
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(a) Agreements to fix selling price of goods or other terms of sale; 
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(b) Agreements to limit supply or output; 
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(c) Agreements to divide the market, whether by volume of sales or purchase or by territory, by 
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type of goods sold, by customers or sellers, or by any other means; 
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(d) Agreements to exclude or limit dealings with particular suppliers or sellers from supplying 
8 
or selling goods, or customers from acquiring or buying goods; 
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(e) Agreements applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other parties, 
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thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; and 
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(f) Agreements making the transactions in particular goods dependent upon other conditions 
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which have no connection with the subject of the transaction. 
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There shall be a prima facie case for the existence of a cartel if and when the Department of 
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Trade and Industry (DT!) or concerned regulatory agency finds that two or more persons or firms that 
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are ostensibly competing for the same relevant market and actually perform uniform or complementary 
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acts among themselves which tend to bring about artificial and unreasonable increase, decrease or 
17 
fixing in the price of any goods or when they simultaneously and unreasonably increase, decrease or 
18 
fix the prices of their seemingly competing goods thereby lessening competition in the relevant market 
19 
among themselves. 
20 
SEC. 6. Monopolization. - It shall be unlawful for any firm to willfully or knowingly acquire 
21 
and maintain its market power by excluding competitors from any part of trade, industry or commerce 
22 
as distinguished from natural growth or development of a firm as a consequence of a superior product, 
23 
business acumen or historic accident: Provided, That, a firm that has at least fifty percent (50%) of the 
24 
relevant market, or firms up to three (3) in number has at least seventy percent (70%) of the relevant 
25 
market, as found and certified by the Department of Trade and Industry or the concerned regulatory 
26 
agency shall be deemed a monopoly or in a dominant position. 


5 
SEC. 7. Abuse of Monopoly Power or Dominant Position. - It shall be unlawful for one or more 
2 
firms with monopoly power or in dominant position within relevant markets to abuse their dominant 
3 
position, by engaging in unfair methods of competition, or in unfair or deceptive trade practices, or 
4 
entering into combinations in the form oftrnst or otherwise, or conspiracy, with the purpose and effect 
5 
to prevent, restrict, or distort competition. Abusive agreements such as, but not limited to, any of the 
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following, shall be deemed to fall under the crime of abuse of monopoly power or market power by 
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one in dominant position: 
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(a) Predatory Behavior Towards Competitors - Any agreement, including, but not limited to, 
9 
selling goods at a very low price with the intent of driving competitors out of the market, or creating 
10 
barriers to entry; 
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(b) Price Fixing - Any agreement among competitors to raise, suppress, fix or otherwise 
12 
maintain the price at which their goods and services are sold such as, but not limited to, establishing or 
13 
adhering to price discounts, holding prices firmly, eliminating or reducing discounts, adopting a 
14 
standard or formula for computing prices, maintaining certain price differentials between different 
15 
types, sizes or quantities of products, adhering to a minimum fee or schedule and other analogous 
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schemes with the purpose and effect of creating a monopoly or cartel or lessening competition. 
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( c) Bid Rigging - Any agreement to fix price at auctions or in any other form of bidding, with 
18 
the purpose and effect of creating a monopoly or cartel, or lessening competition such as, but not 
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limited, to cover bidding, bid suppression, bid rotation and market allocation and other analogous 
20 
practices of bid manipulation. 
21 
In determining whether there is price fixing or bid rigging, the following circumstances may be 
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considered: 
23 
(1) generally, any considered evidence that two sellers of similar goods have agreed to set the 
24 
price of their goods, to sell only a certain amount of their goods, or to sell only to a limited number of 
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buyers or consumers; 


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(2) a drastic change in prices of goods and services involving more than one seller of similar 
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goods of different brands, particularly if the changes in prices take place in equal amount and about the 
3 
same time; 
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(3) a seller refusing to sen based on an agreement with a competitor; 
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(4) the same firm has repeatedly been the low bidder who has been awarded contracts for a 
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certain service or a particular bidder seems to win bids on a fixed-rotation; 
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(5) there is an unusual and unexplainable difference between the winning bid and all other 
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bids; and 
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(6) the same bidder bids substantially higher on some bids than on others, and there is no 
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logical cost reason to explain the difference. 
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(d) Limitation and Control of Markets - Any agreement to limit or control production, markets, 
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technical development, or investment with the purpose and effect of creating a monopoly or cartel, or 
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lessening competition. 
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(e) Market Allocation - Any agreement to divide the market, whether by volume of sales or 
IS 
purchase or by territory, by type of goods sold, by customers or sellers or by any other means, with the 
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purpose and effect of creating a monopoly or cartel, or lessening competition. 
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(f) Arrangements to Share Markets or Sources of Supply - Any agreement to share markets or 
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sources of supply of raw materials, with the purpose and effect of creating a monopoly or cartel, or 
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lessening competition. 
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(g) Price Discrimination - Any agreement prescribing or charging, directly or indirectly, 
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discriminatory pricing terms or conditions in the supply or purchase of goods of like grade and quality 
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with the purpose and effect of creating a monopoly or cartel, or substantially lessening competition: 
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Provided, That nothing contained herein shall be construed to prohibit permissible price differentials 
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unless the same shall have the effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition: Provided, 
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further, That for the purpose of this section, the following shall be considered permissible price 
26 
differentials: 
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(1) Socialized Pricing - Socialized pricing for the less fortunate sector of the economy; 


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(2) Volume Discounts - Price differentials which reflect an allowance for differences in the 
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cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from differing methods or quantities in which the goods 
3 
are sold or delivered to the purchasers; 
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(3) Competitive Pricing - A price differential or other terms of sale 111 response to the 
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competitive price of payments, services or facilities furnished by a competitor; 
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(4) Bonafide Selection of Customers - The selection of customers on bona fide transaction; and 
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(5) Price Differentials Due to Changing Market Conditions or Marketability of Goods - Price 
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changes from time to time in response to changing conditions affecting the market or the marketability 
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of the goods concerned such as, but not limited to, actual or imminent deterioration of perishable 
10 
goods, obsolescence of seasonal goods, distress sales under court process, or sale on good faith in 
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discontinuance of business. 
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(h) Exclusivity Arrangement - Any agreement imposing restrictions on the lease or contract for 
13 
sale or trade of goods concerning where, to whom, or in what forms goods may be sold or traded, such 
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as, but not limited to, fixing prices, or giving preferential discounts, or rebate upon such price, or 
IS 
imposing conditions not to deal with competing firms, where the purpose of such agreement is to 
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lessen competition: 
Provided, That nothing contained herein shall prohibit or render unlawful 
17 
permissible franchising, licensing or exclusive distributorship agreements. 
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(i) Tie-In Arrangements - Any agreement making the supply of particular goods dependent 
19 
upon the purchase or lease of other goods from the supplier or his consignee, where the purpose and 
20 
effect of such sale or lease or such condition is to substantially lessen competition or to create a 
21 
monopoly or cartel. 
22 
G) Boycott - Any concerted refusal to sell or conspiracy not to sell or to stop doing business on 
23 
the part of the suppliers of any goods, unless for a legitimate purpose, such as, but not limited to: 
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(l) Defaulting Borrowers - refusal by one or more credit institutions to extend loans to 
25 
defaulting debtors; 
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(2) Defaulting Buyers - refusal by one or more manufacturers or sellers to sell on credit t 
27 
defaulting customers; and 


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(3) Violators of Intellectual Property Rights - refusal by manufacturers or sellers to have any 
2 
commercial dealings with one or more firms who violate the intellectual property rights of the owners 
3 
of patents, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property. 
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SEC. 8. Other Unfair Competition Practices. - The following acts shall be unlawful acts of 
5 
unfair competition and shall be punishable under this Act: 
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(a) Distribution of false or misleading information which is capable of harming the business 
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interests of another firm; 
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(b) Distribution of false or misleading information to consumers, including the distribution of 
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information lacking a reasonable basis related to price, character, method or place of production, 
10 
properties, suitability for use, or of quality goods; and 
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( c) 
Unauthorized receipt, use, or dissemination of confidential scientific, technical, 
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production, business or trade information. 
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CHAPTER 4 
14 
FINES AND PENALTIES 
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SEC. 9. Penalties. - Without prejudice to the violation of other laws, any firm that shall be 
16 
found to have violated Sections 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this Act, or any combination thereof, shall, for each 
17 
and every violation, be punished by a fine of not less than Ten million pesos (Php 10,000,000.00) and 
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not exceeding Fifty million pesos (Php50,OOO,OOO.OO) if a natural person; by a fine of not less than 
19 
Two hundred fifty million pesos (Php250,000,000.00) but not exceeding Seven hundred fifty million 
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pesos (Php750,000,000.OO) if a firm, and by imprisonment not exceeding ten (10) years, or both, at the 
21 
discretion of the court. In the alternative, a fine shall be imposed in the amount double the gross 
22 
proceeds gained by the violator or double the gross loss suffered by the plaintiffs. 
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SEC. 10. imposition of Fines by Regulatory Agency. - Notwithstanding any provisions of law, 
24 
regulatory agencies shall, in the conduct of their functions or duties, have the power to impose fines in 
25 
the amount not less than One hundred thousand pesos (PhplOO,OOO.OO) and not exceeding Five million 
26 
pesos (Php5,OOO,000.OO), if a natural person; and not less than Five million pesos (Php5,OOO,OOO.00) 
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and not exceeding Fifty million pesos (Php50,000,000.00) if a firm for each violation of or non-


9 
compliance with an order or notice of the regulatory agency. Ten percent (10%) of such fines shall 
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accrue to the budget of the regulatory agency for the exclusive use in the enforcement of this Act. 
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CHAPTER 5 
4 
ENFORCEMENT 
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SEC. 11. Preliminary Inquiry. - The Department of Justice (DOJ), in coordination with the 
6 
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), other regulatory and/or appropriate government agency, shall 
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motu propio, upon the filing of a verified complaint by an interest~d party or upon referral by the 
8 
concerned regulatory agency, initiate a preliminary inquiry for the enforcement of this Act based on 
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reasonable grounds. 
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SEC. 12. Powers of Concerned Regulatory Agencies. - Notwithstanding the provisions of the 
II 
preceding section, the exercise of regulatory powers by different government agencies over an industry 
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or a sub-sector of an industry shall be cumulative and shall not be construed in any way as derogating 
13 
from the power and authority of the concerned agency. The government agencies shall cooperate and 
14 
coordinate with one another in the exercise of their powers in order to prevent overlap, to share 
15 
confidential information, or for other effective measures. 
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SEC. 
13. Power to Investigate and to Enforce Orders and Resolutions. - The DOJ shall 
17 
conduct preliminary inquiries by administering oaths, issuing subpoena duces tecum and summoning 
18 
witnesses, and commissioning consultants or experts. It shall determine if any provision of this Act 
19 
has been violated, enforce its orders and carry out its resolutions by making use of any available 
20 
means, provisional or otherwise, under existing laws and procedures including the power to punish for 
21 
contempt and to impose fines. 
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SEC. 14. Self-incrimination. - Pursuant to the preceding section, a person subject of any 
23 
preliminary inquiry or investigation by the DOJ shall produce the specified document or information 
24 
when so required by written notice: Provided, That no person shall be excused from disclosing any 
25 
document or information to the inquiring officer on the ground that the disclosure of the information or 
26 
document may be incriminating: Provided, further, That such document or information produced by 
27 
the person subject of investigation shall not be admissible as evidence against him in criminal 


10 
proceedings: Provided, finally, That such document or information shall be admissible in evidence in 
2 
civil proceedings including those arising from or in connection to the implementation of this Act. 
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SEC. 15. Privileged Communication Exclusion. - Nothing in the preceding section shall compel 
4 
the disclosure of privileged communication: Provided, That the person who refuses to disclose the 
5 
information or produce the document or other material required by the inquiring officer in relation to 
6 
the preliminary inquiry being conducted shall nevertheless be obliged to give the name and address of 
7 
the firm to whom, or by whom, or on whose behalf, such privileged communication was made. 
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SEC. 16. Confidentiality of Information. - Any document or information submitted by firms, as 
9 
determined and marked confidential by the DOJ, relevant to any investigation being conducted 
10 
pursuant to this Act shall not, in any manner, be directly or indirectly disclosed, published, transferred, 
11 
copied, or disseminated. 
12 
Any violation of this section shall be imposed the penalty of imprisonment ranging from three 
13 
(3) to six (6) years and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not 
14 
more than Five hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00). 
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SEC. 17. Immunity jiWtl Suit. - Any person or firm which cooperates or furnishes any 
16 
information, document or data to the DOJ before or during the conduct of the preliminary inquiry that 
17 
constitutes material evidence as determined by the DO] under this Act shall be immune from any suit 
18 
or charge including from affected parties and third parties: Provided, further, That any person or firm 
19 
which cooperates or furnishes information, document or data to the DO] in connection to an 
20 
investigation being conducted shall not be subjected to any form of reprisal or discrimination: 
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Provided, furthermore, That such reprisal or discrimination shall be considered a violation of this Act 
22 
and subjected to the penalties provided for under Section 9: Provided, finally, That, notwithstanding 
23 
the provisions of Section 21 hereof, the firm which cooperates with the DO] in its investigation shall 
24 
be entitled to a reward equivalent to twenty percent (20%) of any monies paid by the firm subject of 
25 
the inquiry, or the monetary relief recovered from court action. 
26 
Nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution for persons and firms who reported to the 
27 
Department of Justice with malicious information, data and falsified docnments which is damaging to 


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the business and integrity of the persons and firms tmder inquiry. Such act shall likewise be considered 
2 
as an unfair trade practice punishable under this Act. 
3 
SEC. 18. Termination and Action on Preliminary InquifY. - The Department of Justice, after 
4 
considering the statements made, or documents or articles produced, in the course of an inquiry 
5 
condncted by it, shall terminate the preliminary inquiry by issuing a resolution ordering its closure if 
6 
no violation or infringement of this Act is found; or by issuing a nolo contendere resolution; or issuing 
7 
a resolution to, singly or cumulatively, (a) impose penalties in the range provided under Section 9 
8 
hereof; (b) order sanctions which may be imposed by the regulatory and/or appropriate government 
9 
agency; (c) order the rectification of certain acts or omissions; or (d) order the restitution to the 
10 
affected parties. 
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When determined by the facts and circumstances, the DOJ shall institute a civil action by class 
12 
suit in the name of the Republic of the Philippines, as parens patriae, on behalf of persons residing in 
13 
the Philippines, to secure treble damages for any injury sustained by such persons by reason of any 
14 
violation of this Act, plus the cost of suit and reasonable attorney's fee. 
15 
If the evidence so warrants, the DO] shall institute criminal cases for violation of this Act or 
16 
relevant laws: Provided, That, for criminal prosecution of violations of this Act, no preliminary 
17 
investigation shall be required, neither shall a petition for review be made: Provided, further. That any 
18 
appeal shall be instituted to a division of the Court of Appeals exclusively handling competition and 
19 
consumer protection laws. 
20 
SEC. 19. Nolo Contendere Resolution. - Any firm under inquiry under the provisions of this Act 
21 
may submit to a nolo contendere resolution at any time before the termination of the preliminary 
22 
inquiry by: a) the payment of an amount within the range of penalties provided for under Section 9; b) 
23 
by entering into an undertaking to effectively stop and rectifY the acts complained against, make 
24 
restitution to the affected parties, whether or not the parties are plaintiffs or witnesses; and, c) by 
25 
submitting regular compliance reports as may be directed: Provided, That, ten percent (10%) of the 
26 
amounts paid under this section shall equitably accrue to the DO] and/or regulatory government 


12 
I 
agencies involved in the inquiry: Provided, further, That a nolo contendere resolution shall not bar any 
2 
inquiry for the same or similar acts if continued or repeated. 
3 
SEC. 20. Private Action. - Regardless of the status or pendency of any proceedings, any firm 
4 
that suffers injury by reason of any violation of this Act may institute a separate and independent civil 
5 
action, irrespective of the amount involved in the controversy against the defendant or defendants and 
6 
shall recover treble damages sustained, the costs of suit and reasonable attorney's fees: Provided, 
7 
however, That no filing fees shall be collected: Provided, further, That filing fees shall constitute a first 
8 
lien in the award of damages. 
9 
SEC. 21. Effect of Final Judgment. - Any final judgment in a civil or criminal action brought 
10 
by the DO] on behalf of the people of the Philippines under this Act to the effect that a defendant has 
II 
violated any or all of the provisions of this Act shall be res judicata as to any claim by any person on 
12 
whose behalf such action was brought: 
Provided, That such person notifies the court having 
13 
jurisdiction of the case within the period given by the court: Provided, further, That such period shall 
14 
not be less than ninety (90) days. 
15 
It shall be prima facie evidence against such defendant in any civil action brought by any other 
16 
party against such defendant under this Act as to all matters respecting which said judgment would be 
17 
an estoppel as between the parties concerned. 
18 
SEC. 22. Distribution of Damages Recovered. - The damages recovered in a civil action under 
19 
Section 19 of this Act shall be distributed in the following manner: (1) as determined and to be 
20 
authorized by the Court having jurisdiction of the case; (2) ten percent (10%) of the total amount of 
21 
damages shall accrue to the DOJ andlor regulatory agency to be used exclusively in the enforcement of 
22 
this Act; and, (3) the remainder of which total amount of damages shall be deemed a civil penalty by 
23 
the Court and shall be deposited to the National TreasUlY as part of the general fund of the 
24 
government: Provided, That any distribution procedure adopted by the Court shall give preference to 
25 
individual consumers and afford each person having an interest a reasonable opportunity to secure his 
26 
appropriate portion of the net damages obtained. 


13 
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SEC. 23. Measurement of Damages. - Damages may be proved and assessed in the aggregate 
2 
by statistical or sampling methods, by the computation of illegal overcharges, or by such other 
3 
reasonable system of estimating aggregate damages as the court in its discretion may permit without 
4 
the necessity of separately proving the individual claim, of, or amount of damage to, persons on whose 
5 
behalf the suit was brought. 
6 
CHAPTER 6 
7 
OTHER PROVISIONS 
8 
SEC. 24. Statute of Limitations. - Any civil or criminal action to enforce any cause of action 
9 
arising from a violation of any provision of this Act shall be forever barred unless commenced within 
10 
five (5) years after the cause of action accrues. The running of the statute of limitation shall be 
11 
suspended during the pendency of any proceeding. 
12 
The cause of action begins to run when the plaintiff suffers injury to its business or property: 
13 
Provided, That when the damage suffered by the plaintiff is too speculative to prove, the cause of 
14 
action does not accrue until the damage becomes probable: Provided, however, That if the plaintiffs 
15 
injury is the result of the continuing violations of this Act, each independent anti-competitive act may 
16 
restart the limitation period or when a plaintiff reasonably fails to uncover a cause or action that was 
17 
fraudulently concealed by a defendant. 
18 
SEC. 
25. Prohibition on the Issuance of Temporary Restraining Orders, Preliminary 
19 
Injunctions and Preliminary Mandatory Injunctions. - Except for the Supreme Court, no other court 
20 
shall issue any temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction or preliminary mandatory injunction 
21 
against the regulatory agency in the exercise of its duties or functions: Provided, That, this prohibition 
22 
shall apply in all cases, disputes or controversies instituted by a private party, including, but not limited 
23 
to, cases filed by regulated firms or those claiming to have rights through such firms: Provided, 
24 
however, That, this prohibition shall not apply when the matter is of extreme urgency involving a 
25 
constitntional issue, such that the non-issuance of a temporary restraining order will result in grave 
26 
injustice and irreparable injury to the public: Provided, further, That, the applicant shall file a bond, in 
27 
an amount to be fixed by the Court, but in no case shall it be less than half of the imposable fines 


14 
1 
provided for under Section 10 of this Act: Provided, finally, That in the event that the court finally 
2 
decides that the applicant was not entitled to the relief applied for, the bond shall accrue in favour of 
3 
the regulatory agency. 
4 
Any temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction or preliminary mandatory injunction 
5 
issued in violation of this section is void and of no force and effect. Any judge who violates this 
6 
section shall be penalized by suspension of at least one (l) year without pay in addition to other 
7 
criminal, civil or administrative penalties. 
8 
The Supreme Court may designate regional trial courts to act as commissioners with the sole 
9 
function of receiving facts of the case involving the acts of the regulatory agency. The designated 
10 
Regional Trial Court shall, within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the referral, forward its 
11 
findings of facts to the Supreme Court for appropriate action. 
12 
SEC. 26. Intellectual Property Rights. - The implementation of the provisions of this Act shall 
13 
be without prejudice to the rights, liabilities and remedies under Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise 
14 
known as the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines: Provided, That, the exercise of intellectual 
15 
property rights shall not in any way be used to justify violations of this Act. 
16 
SEC. 27. Trade Associations. - Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to prohibit the 
17 
existence and operation of trade associations organized to promote quality standards and safety issues: 
18 
PrOVided, That, these associations shall not in any way be used to justify any violation of this Act. 
19 
SEC. 28. Guidelines. - The DOJ, in consultation with the DTI, shall prepare the necessary 
20 
guidelines for the implementation of this Act: Provided, That, where the guidelines would apply to an 
21 
industry or a snb-sector of industry that is subject to the jurisdiction of a regulatory agency, the DOJ 
22 
shall, in preparing the guidelines, consult with the concerned regulatory agency: Provided, further, 
23 
That the DO] may revise such guidelines it deems necessary: Provided, however, That such revised 
24 
guidelines shall only talee effect following its publication in two newspapers of general circulation. 
25 
SEC. 29. Appropriations. - The sum of One hundred million pesos (Php 100,000,000.00) for the 
26 
initial year of implementation of this Act is hereby appropriated. Thereafter such amounts as may be 


15 
necessary for the continuous implementation of this Act shall be included in the Annual General 
2 
Appropriations Act (GAA). 
3 
SEC. 30. Separability Clause. - If any clause, sentence, section or part of this Act shall be 
4 
adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair or 
5 
invalidate the remainder of this Act, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, 
6 
paragraph, section, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy. 
7 
SEC. 31. Suppletory Application. - For purposes of this Act, the Revised Penal Code, as 
8 
amended, and other applicable laws shall be applied in a suppletory character. 
9 
SEC. 32. Repealing Clause. -
All provisions of law, orders, decrees, executive orders, 
10 
including rules and regulations or parts thereof, which are contrary to or inconsistent with the 
II 
provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly: Provided, however, That all 
12 
existing competition laws and regulations shall remain in full force and in effect: Provided, further, 
13 
That in case of conflict between this Act and such provisions of existing competition laws and 
14 
regulations, the provisions of this Act shall prevail. 
15 
SEC. 33. Effectivity Clause. -
This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days following its 
16 
publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation. 
Approved,