Republic of the Philippines
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |,
Quezon City, Metro Manila

NINETEENTH CONGRESS
First Regular Session

3410

House Bill No.

Introduced by 1-RIDER Party-list Representative Hon. Ramon Rodrigo
“ Rodge” L. Gutierrez

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This measure seeks to provide a framework for a unified and
centralized approach to traffic enforcement.

The bill proposes the creation of a National Traffic Management
Center (NTMC) as an agency attached to the Department of Transportation
(DOTr). The new body is envisioned to be the chief agency in charge of
traffic enforcement. It shall distinguish itself from other bodies, such as the
Land Transportation Office (LTO) and Land Transportation Franchising
and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), as it shall be the primary agency involved
with traffic policy, regulation and enforcement (as compared to regulatory
and registration issues of the other abovementioned bodies).

The problem of traffic, in this representation’s opinion, warrants a
body dedicated to traffic and not merely an adjunct to one of the other
bodies. National in scope, it is to supersede other jurisidictional traffic
bodies such as the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
and the Local Government Unit (LGU) enforcement arms, and unify their
enforcement powers under one body. Under such proposed structure,
traffic offenses shall be considered universal in scope and application.

In relation to the centralization of traffic offenses, the power
delegated to the DOTr in prescribing offenses and penalties in so far as
traffic offenses are concerned, shall be vested in the NTMC. To this end,
this bill proposes a limitation to the fines and penalties that a LGU may
mete out, at least in so far as it conflicts with the structure of this bill. It is
hoped that such measure shall end the days of patchwork local legislation
providing for conflicting jurisdictions and stacking penalties. By doing so, a
more just and equitable enforcement of laws is envisioned, shifting the
focus of penalties from ignorance and technicality of jurisdiction to that of
the actual culpable act

In relation to the authority in terms of enforcement, the NTMC shall
be the primary body tasked with traffic enforcement. It shall be tasked with

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training traffie enforcers, and providing support work to the local
enforcement of LGUs. Of note, it shall be the primary body involved in the
formulation and approval of the adoption of a No Contact Apprehension
Policy (NCAP). With the current increase in usage of NCAP as a means of
enforcing traffic laws, embracing technological advancements in upgrading
the means of enforcement and regulation, it is important that a framework
is set in place that prioritizes due process and equality as guiding principles
for the objective of the law, balancing the interests of all users of public
roads.

Lastly, in line with this push for a unified central enforcement, a
unified central manner of appeals is likewise important. Thus, a
supplementary body, the Traffie Center Adjudication Board, shall be
created for the purpose of handling appeals of enforcement. It shall be
attached to the NTMC organization-wise as the primary enforcement body,
but is envisioned to handle apprehension appeals in a joint manner
between the distinct but related jurisdictions of the NTMC, LTO and
LTERB. Furthermore, and in keeping with public service as the guiding
principle of this measure, a provision compensating damages suffered from
wrongful apprehensions is proposed.

With such framework proposed, it is this representation’s hope that
the primary advocacy of road safety shall be served. It is high time that such
centralizing body be instituted, and that these conflicting provisions of law
and enforcement be rectified.

In view of the foregoing, the approval of this bill is earnestly sought.

RAMON RODRIGO “RODGE” L. GUTIERREZ
Representative, 1-RIDER Party-list

Page 2 of 2


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NINETEENTH CONGRESS OF THE __)
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES )
First Regular Session )

HOUSE eee gete

Introduced by 1- RIDER Party-list Representative Hon, Ramon Rodrigo “Rodge” L.
Gutierrez

“TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT CENTRALIZATION ACT”
SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the “Traffic Enforcement
Centralization Act.”

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policies and Principles. - It is the policy of the
State to maintain peace and order, protect life, liberty and property, and promote the
general welfare of the people. Towards this end, the State shall establish the National

Traffic Enforcement and Management Center for efficient traffic enforcement.

SECTION 3. National Traffic Enforcement and Management Center. - There is
hereby established a National Traffic Enforcement and Management Center,
hereinafter referred to as the “Traffic Center’, which shall be attached to the

Department of Transportation for policy and program coordination.

SECTION 4. Purposes and Objectives. —The Traffic Center shall have the

following purposes and objectives:

a) To build the capacity of all traffic enforcers through trainings and instruction
in all areas of traffic management, including road safety, enforcement, accident
investigation, driver training, post-accident management, traffic engineering, and

understanding violations;

b) To train personnel involved in traffic enforcement and management in

analyzing accidents and accident-prone areas, potential risk parameters,

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speed analysis, volume counts, study of violations and the identification of
deficiencies in geometric design, road infrastructure, and engineering

principles;

c) To consistently assess the capability of traffic enforcement and

management personnel of the various local government units (LGUs);

d) To conduct scientific research on the causes and consequences of
road collisions and accidents, as well as prepare effective systems for their

analysis in order to provide remedial measures;

e) To undertake road safety audits on all highways, road
transportation projects and traffic management schemes as well as identify
road risks and hazards;

f) To develop a module and methodology for teaching road safety
education to the public, particularly to primary and tertiary students,
through the existing academic curriculum subjects;

g) To train the public in the basics of road traffic laws, driver education
and behavior, current status of road environment and enforcement, causes

and hazards which lead to road accidents, and post-accident management;

h) To set policies related to road traffic enforcement, education and
management, including penalties thereof, that will redound to the benefit of

the public;

i) To align traffic rules and regulations, as well as road safety policies,
in order to achieve utmost uniformity in traffic policies across all

jurisdictions nationwide;

}) To enhance the system of apprehending traffic violators by capturing
road mishaps and traffic violations using available technological
innovations such as CCTV cameras, to record road and traffic conditions,

violations of road users and conduct of traffic enforcers; and


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k) To coordinate and regulate the implementation of all programs and

projects concerning traffic management.

SECTION 5. Scope. ~ All drivers of motor vehicles, motor vehicle owners,
public utility vehilce operators or franchise holders, hereinafter collectively
referred to as “motorists”, and pedestrians, by-standers and all persons
situated or making use of roads, hereinafter collectively referred to as “other

road users”, shall be covered by this Act.

SECTION 6. Powers of the Traffic Center. - The Traffic Center shall have the

following powers:

a) To issue a centralized list of traffic rules and offenses, with the
cortesponding penalties, to be observed by the public and relevant
government agencies and local government units. The centralized list shall
be implemented nationwide. For purposes of this Act, traffic rules and
offenses are directives on the usage of roads and safety measures that shall
be observed by the public.

b) To train all traffic enforcers and personnel in traffic enforcement,
management and conduct of proper investigation of accidents.

¢) To adopt, alter and use an official seal;

d) To collect, receive and maintain a fund or funds from the General
Appropriations Act and from donations, grants, gifts, bequests, loans from
domestic and foreign sources, and to apply the income and principal thereof

to the promotion of its main purpose, programs and projects;

e) To own, manage and hold such real and personal property as shall

be necessary for the Traffic Center's purposes;

f) In furtherance of its purpose and objectives, to extend financial
assistance to, and enter into contracts of every kind and for any lawful
purpose, with any person, firm, association or corporation, domestic or

foreign, or others in which it has a lawful interest;


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g) To promulgate its own rules and regulations in furtherance of its
purpose and objectives to be implemented on a national scale in order to
uphold uniformity in traffic policies and enhance the efficiency of traffic

enforcement.

hh) In general, to do all such acts and things as may be necessary to

carry into effect the provisions of this Act.

The administration of the Traffic Center and the exercise of its corporate
powers shall be vested exclusively in its Board of Trustees.

SECTION 7. The Governing Board; Manner of Appointment. -

a) Composition - The governing body of the Traffic Center shalll be the
Board of Trustees, hereinafter referred to as the Board, composed of the

following:
1) Secretary of Transportation, as chairperson;
2) Head of the Land Transportation Office, as vice-chairman;

3)Head of the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board (LTFRB), as vice-chairman;

4) Chairperson of the Metro Manila Development Authority
(MMDA), as member;

5) Secretary of the Interior and Local Government, as member;
6) Director General of the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), as member;

7) Director of the National Center for Transportation Studies, as

member; and

8) Two (2) private sector representatives who have distinguished
themselves in their professions and in their field of specialization

related to the core competency of the Traffic Center, as members.


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a) The two (2) private sector representatives shall be
appointed by the President of the Philippines upon
recommendation of the Secretary of Transportation, in

consultation with the other members of the Board.

b) Term of Office - The private sector representatives shall

serve for a term of two (2) years from the date of appointment.

SECTION 8. Powers and Duties of the Board of Trustees. ~The Board shall
have the following specific powers and duties in addition to its general
powers of administration and the exercise of all powers granted to the Board

of directors of a corporation under existing laws:

a) To promulgate rules and regulations not contrary to law as may be

necessary to carry out the purposes and functions of the Traffic Center;

b) To receive and appropriate all sums as may be provided for the support
of the Traffic Center in the manner it may determine, in its discretion, to

carry out the purposes and functions of the Traffic Center;

©) To receive in trust legacies, gifts and donations of real and personal
properties of all kinds, to administer and dispose of the same when
necessary for the benefit of the Traffic Center, subject to limitations,
directions and instructions of the donor, if any. Such donations shall be
exempt from donor's tax and the same shall be considered as allowable
deductions from the gross income in the computation of the income tax
of the donor, in accordance with the provisions of the National Internal
Revenue Code, as amended: Provided, That such donations shall not be

disposed of, transferred or sold;

&) To fix fees and other necessary charges including training fees as the

Board may deem proper to impose.

Such fees and charges, including government subsidies and other
incomes generated by the Traffic Center, shall constitute a special trust
fund and shall be deposited in any authorized government depository


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bank, and all interests that shall accrue therefrom, shall form part of the
same fund for the use of the Traffic Center.

Any provision of existing laws, rules and regulations to the contrary
notwithstanding, any income generated by the Traffic Center from
training fees and other charges, as well as from the operation of auxiliary
services and land grants, shall be retained by the Traffic Center, and may
be disbursed by the Board for instruction, research, extension, or other

programs and projects of the Traffic Center.

If, for reasons beyond its control, the Traffic Center shall not be able to
pursue any project for which funds have been appropriated and allocated
under its approved program of expenditures, the Board may authorize
the use of said funds for any reasonable purpose which, in its discretion,
may be necessary and urgent for the attainment of the objectives and
goals of the Traffic Center;

e) To authorize the construction or repair of the buildings, equipment and
other facilities, and the purchase and acquisition of real and personal
properties, including necessary supplies, materials and equipment.
Purchases and other transactions entered into by the Traffic Center
Unough the Board shalll be exempt from alll taxes and duties;

f) To appoint, upon the recommendation of the Executive Director of the
Traffic Center, the officials and employees of the Traffic Center in
accordance with a staffing pattern duly approved by the Board;

8) To fix and adjust the salaries of officials and employees subject to the
provisions of the Revised Compensation and Position Classification
System, as amended, and other pertinent budget and compensation laws
governing hours of service, and such other duties and conditions as it
may deem proper, to grant them at its discretion, leaves of absence under
regulations as it may promulgate, any provision of existing law to the
contrary notwithstanding; and to remove them for cause in accordance

with the requirements of due process of law;


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h) To approve the institutional programs, projects and rules of discipline
drawn by the Executive Director of the Traffic Center;

i) To establish research and extension centers of the Traffic Center where

such will promote the development of the latter;

j) To delegate any of its powers and duties provided for hereinabove to
the Executive Director or other officials of the Traffic Center as it may
deem appropriate so as to expedite the administration of the affairs of the
Traffic Center;

k) To develop consortia and other forms of linkages with LGUs,
institutions and agencies, both public and private, local and foreign, in
furtherance of the purposes and objectives of the Traffic Center;

}) To develop arrangements for institutional capability building with
appropriate institutions and agencies, public or private, local or foreign,
and to appoint experts or specialists as consultants, or visiting or

exchange trainers, researchers as the case may be; and

m) To establish policy guidelines and procedures for participative
decision-making and transparency within the Traffic Center;

SECTION. 9. Board Meetings; Quorum. - The Board shall regularly convene
at least once every quarter. The Chairperson of the Board of Trustees may
call a special meeting whenever necessary: Provided, That members are

notified in writing at least three (3) days prior to said meeting.

A majority of all members holding office shall constitute a quorum for
board meetings. The members shall serve without compensation, but they
shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred in their attendance of
meetings of the Board or in connection with their official business authorized

by resolution of the Board, subject to existing laws and regulations.

SECTION. 10. Executive Director of the Traffic Center; Term of Office;
Powers and Duties. - The administration of the Traffic Center shall be vested
in an Executive Director who shall render his services full-time. The

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Executive Director shall be appointed by the Board, upon the
recommendation and approval of the Board of ‘Trustees. The Executive
Director shall have a term of four (4) years and shall be eligible for

reappointment for another term.

In case of vacancy by reason of death, compulsory retirement,
resignation, removal for cause or incapacity of the Executive Director to
perform the functions of the office, the Board shall have the authority to
designate an officer-in-charge of the Traffic Center within six (6) months
from the date of vacancy, pending the appointment of a new Executive

Director.

In case of vacancy in the office of the Executive Director as mentioned
in the immediately preceding paragraph, the successor shall hold office only

for the unexpired portion of the term.

‘The salary of the Executive Director of the Traffic Center shall be in
accordance with the Revised Compensation and Position Classification
System, as modified by Joint Resolution No. 4 dated June 17, 2009 or any
amendments thereto, and other pertinent budget and compensation laws,
and shall be comparable to that being received by the presidents of higher

education institutions.

The Executive Director of the Traffic Center shall exercise the following

powers and duties:

a) To submit for the consideration of the Board of Trustees the policies
and measures necessary to carry out the purposes and objectives of
the Traffic Center;

b) To recommend, coordinate and adntinister the programs and
projects of the Traffic Center;

©) To direct and supervise the operations and internal administration
of the Traffic Center, and to delegate administrative responsibilities

in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Traffic Center;


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d) To submit an annual report to the Board of Trustees setting forth
the work of the Traffic Center during the year, its financial
operations and status, and a program and budget for the ensuing
year; and

e) To exercise such other powers and to discharge such other functions

as may be vested in him by the Board of Trustees.

SECTION 11. Secretary. - The Board shall appoint a Secretary, who shall
serve as such for both the Traffic Center and the Board, and shall keep all

records of the Board.

SECTION 12. Treasurer. -The Treasurer of the Philippines shall be the ex

officio Treasurer of the Traffic Center.

SECTION 13. Centralizing Traffic Rules and Offenses. - The Traffic Center
shall collate, compile and amend accordingly, all traffic offenses and
violations, with its respective penalties. The centralized list of traffic offenses
and violations shall be implemented nationwide with the assistance of all
local government units and proper agencies. To this end, penalties for traffic

offenses shall not exceed those set by the Traffic Center.

SECTION 14. No Physical Contact Apprehension. - To ensure that traffic
rules and regulations are observed even without the presence of traffic
enforcers, the use of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras or other similar
technologies to apprehend traffic violators may be implemented naionwide.
The “No Contact Apprehension policy” allows traffic authorities to issue
tickets against erring drivers for traffic violations captured by CCTV
cameras or other technologies analogous to the same. All national and local
traffic authorities using CCTV cameras or other technologies analogous to
the same in enforcing traffic laws, ordinances, rules and regulations shall

adhere to the provisions of this Act.

SECTION 15. Pricinples of a No Contact Apprehension Policy - The “No
Contact Apprehension Policy” shall be governed by the right to due process


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and equal protection of laws and shall adhere to the following base

regulations:

A, That a dry run of at least one (1) year shall be implemented in a covered
area, under the direct supervision of the Traffic Center;

B, That all road markings and signages of a covered area shall be clear
and comprehensible;

C. The prompt notification of an alleged violation to the concerned
motorist within twenty-four (24) hours of the incident;

D. That there be an easily accessible means to update a person’s contact
and registrations details;

E, That all apprehensions shalll be contestable, the adjudication of which
shall be handled by the Traffic Center Adjudication Board, as stated in
Section 19 of this Act; and

F, Any other rules or conditions that the Traffic Center may set to protect

the rights of motorists

A No Contact Apprehension Policy shall be implemented in a certain
jurisdiction only upon compliance with the conditions set by the Traffic
Center. Non-compliance with any of the conditions set by the Traffic
Center shall bar the use of the No Contact Apprehension Policy, and
manual apprehension by traffic enforcers shalll be observed.

SECTION 16. Notification System. - To enhance the efficiency of traffic
enforcement and towards expedience in the processing of traffic violation
and respecting the right to due process, the Traffic Center shall implement a
Notification System. The Notification System shall be based on a database
holding real-time information of traffic violations in coordination with the
Land Transportation Office (LTO), Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB), Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
and the relevant Local Government Unit (LGU).

The Notification System shall issue summons and notices through
electronic mail or text message to promptly inform violators of any traffic

apprehension pursuant to the “No Contact Apprehension Policy”, Other

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analogous means may also be added to ensure immediate notification to
violators. The Notification System will serve only as advance notification to
traffic violators and will still receive written summons with complete details

of the apprehension;

SECTION 17. Notice of Violation. - The Traffic Center shall send the notice
of violation to the registered owner or operator within seven (7) days from
the time of infraction through electronic mail and text message. The notice

must contain the following:

a) Date, time and location of the traffic violation;

b) Traffic violation and corresponding penalty;

©) Video file or still images of the violation that shows the plate
number or conduction sticker of the vehicle; and

d) In case of fine, the period and manner to settle the same; in case of
imposition of other penalties, the date, time, and place of the

hearing on the violation.

The Notice serves as summons for the registered owner or operator or

their authorized representatives to appear before the Traffic Center.

A short notice containing the (i) date, time and location of the traffic
violation and (ii) the violation and corresponding penalty shall be sent to the
registered owner or operator within twenty four (24) hours from the time of
infraction through text message, to allow the concerned owner/operator

time to prepare for a hearing.

As far as practicable, the Traffic Center shall first confirm that the
traffic violator was not physically apprehended before issuing the short
notice and notice of violation for the same traffic infraction. The notice of
violation is automatically cancelled upon showing of a physically issued

citation ticket for the same traffic violation.

SECTION 18, Presumption of Identity. - The registered owner is presumed.
to be the driver of a private vehicle committing a traffic violation captured
by the CCTV cameras or other analogous technologies. The operator is also

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presumed to be the driver of a public utility vehicle comunitting a traffic

violation.

In the case of PUVs covered under a consolidated or multi-vehicle
franchise, the operator or franchise holder shall implement a recording
system that indicates a schedule of drivers and their assigned PUVs, with
sufficient proof of vehicle possession of driver within a given schedule:
Provided, that if the franchise holder does not have or should fail to
implement such recording system, the franchise holder shall be presumed to
be driving the vehicle.

The LTO and LTFRB shall provide the necessary information to the
Traffic Center for the effective implementation of the No Contact

Apprehension.

SECTION 19. Traffic Center Adjudication Board - The Traffic Center shall
establish the Traffic Center Adjudication Board, hereinafter referred to as the

“TCAB’, exercising the following powers and functions:

a) Hear and decide cases of contested apprehensions, which shall have
appellate jurisdiction of LGU adjudication boards covering the
same.

b) Hear and decide cases involving the implementation of the “No
Contact Apprehension” policy and other policies set for traffic

regulation and management nationwide.

©) Issue subpoena duces tecum and ad testificandum to compel the
appearance of motor vehicle operators and drivers and/or other
persons and conductors;

d) Promulgate the rules of procedure;

e) Furnish the LTO or LTFRB and other authorities all copies of
decision finding violation of traffic laws, ordinances, rules or
regulations; and

6) Perform such other functions necessary for the prompt disposition

of cases.

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The TCAB shall have at least one member from the LTO and one member
from the LTFRB as part of its panel in settling cases involving traffic rules

and regulations.

SECTION 20. Damages in Case of Wrongful Apprehension, - When a
contested case is decided in favor of the alleged offender, damages may be
awarded as compensation for lost opportunity of work. Such damages may

be paid out of the fines collected.

SECTION 21. Duty of the Registered Ozoner or Operator. - The registered
owner or operator or their duly authorized representatives must attend the
hearing if the registered owner or operator wants to contest the alleged
traffic violation. The TCAB shall provide for the attendance of the hearing
via videoconference or other means. Failure to attend the hearing, after being

duly notified, is an admission of the traffic violation.

‘The registered owner or operator, who is not driving the vehicle at the
time of the alleged traffic violation, must present before the TCAB the person
actually driving the vehicle captured in the CCTV cameras or other similar
technologies. If the driver is not available on the scheduled hearing, the
driver must execute an affidavit stating the circumstances and admitting or

denying the alleged traffic violation,

In all instances when the alleged traffic violation is denied, it is the
duty of the registered owner or operator to prove such claim before the

TCAB.

SECTION 22, Liability. - Except for vicarious liability provided under
Republic Act No. 386, as amended, otherwise known as the “Civil Code of
the Philippines,” and subsidiary liability under Act 3815, as amended,
otherwise known as the “The Revise Penal Code,” the liability of the traffic
violator under the No Contact Apprehension and other policies for traffic

regulation is personal and may not be charged against any other person.

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SECTION 23. Development Plan; Organizational and Administrative
Structure. - Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the approval of this
Act, the Traffic Center shall:

a) Submit to the President of the Philippines and to both Houses of
Congress a five-year (5) development plan, including the proposed
budget; and

b) Set up its organizational and administrative structure, including the

appointment of key officials of the Traffic Center.

SECTION 24. Training of Local Govermnent Units’ Personnel. — The
‘Traffic Center shall primarily cater to the training needs of all traffic
enforcers, including those under the LGUs. All LGUs shall provide their
personnel who are involved in traffic management and enforcement the
opportunity to train at the Traffic Center. LGUs shall coordinate with the
Traffic Center for the conduct of training programs in their respective

localities.

The head and supervisors of the traffic management office of every
LGU, or its equivalent office, shall be required to undergo training at the
‘Traffic Center not later than ninety (90) days upon assumption of office.
Likewise, all traffic enforcement personnel of LGUs shall obtain a
certification from the Traffic Center that they have undergone the necessary
training to continue in the performance of their functions not later than six

(6) months from appointment or hiring as traffic enforcement personnel.

The Traffic Center shall likewise organize a core group of trainers who

will conduct training seminars for traffic enforcers of the various LGUs.

As used in this Act, a traffic management office refers to the office of
an LGU in charge of setting policies conceming traffic in and responsible for
coordinating and regulating the implementation of all programs and
projects concerning traffic management in the LGU, specifically those that

pertain to enforcement, engineering and education,

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SECTION 25, Auditing. - All accounts and expenses of the Traffic Center
shall be audited by the Commission on Audit or its duly authorized

representative.

SECTION. 26. Filing of Report. - Not later than the thirtieth day of
December, the Board shall file with the Office of the President of the
Philippines and to both Houses of Congress, a detailed annual report on the

progress, conditions and needs of the Traffic Center.

SECTION 27. Endowment Fund. - There is hereby established an
Endowment Fund which shall be self-sustaining and shall include the
contributions, donations, grants, or loans from domestic and foreign sources,
government subsidies, and other income accruing from the earnings of the
‘Traffic Center. The amount of One hundred million pesos (P100,000,000.00)
is hereby appropriated for the initial organization and operations of the
Traffic Center. Thereafter, the annual expenditures, including the capital
outlays of the Traffic Center shall be provided in the General Appropriations
Act. In addition to the provision of the General Appropriations Act, such
sums as may be necessary for the continued operation and maintenance of
the Traffic Center shall be generated by the Traffic Center from the earning
of this Endowment Fund.

SECTION 28, Implementing Rules and Regulations. ~ Within sixty (60)
days from the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall, in
coordination with the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government and
chairperson of the Metro Manila Development Authority, promulgate the
necessary rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act.
The rules and regulations issued pursuant to this section shall take effect
thirty (30) days after its publication in two (2) national newspapers of

general circulation.

SECTION 29. Repealing Clause. - All laws, presidential decrees, executive
orders, memoranda, ordinances, rules and regulations contrary or
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, amended,

or modified accordingly.

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SECTION 30. Separability Clause. - If any part or provision of this Act is
declared unconstitutional or invalid, the remaining parts or provisions not

affected shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 31. Effectivity. -This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its

publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.