---
--- - - -
SIXTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC 
OF THE PHILIPPINES 
iiirmlit' 
(Off,;, .1 t~. ~",rt·'U 
First Regular Session 
"1:3 
SEP24 P3:49 
SENATE 
~ 
S.B. 1733 
RECEIVW BY:_~_._ 
(fu substitution of Senate Bill Nos. 18,36,44,64,74,90,217, 514, 1219 and Proposed Senate 
Resolution No.1 02 and the Citizen's Petition for fudirect Initiative on FOI) 
-----------.----------------------------.---------------------------------------------------------------~------------
Introduced by Senators Escudero, Trillanes IV, Osmefia III, Honasan II, 
Guingona III, A.P. Cayetano, Ejercito, 
Legarda, Angara, and Poe as authors thereof 
AN ACT 
IMPLEMENTING THE PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND THE 
CONSTITUTIONAL POLICIES OF FULL PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AND HONESTY IN 
THE PUBLIC SERVICE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES 
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
Congress assembled: 
I 
SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "People's Freedom of 
2 
Information Act of2013." 
3 
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State recognizes the right of the people to 
4 
information on matters of public concern and adopts and implements a policy of full public 
5 
disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest, subject to the procedures and 
6 
limitations provided by this Act. This right is meant to enhance the significant and widening role 
7 
ofthe citizenry in governmental decision-making as well as in checking abuse in government. 
8 
Public officials and employees, in the performance of their duties under this Act, as well 
9 
as citizens in the exercise of their rights under this Act, shall act with justice, give everyone his 
10 
or her due, and observe honesty and good faith. Public officials and employees as well as citizens 
11 
shall endeavor to handle information kept or obtained under this Act with due care, to the end 
12 
that inaccuracies and distortions are avoided. 
13 
SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act: 
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(li) "fufornlation" shall mean any record, document, paper, report, letters, contract, minutes 
15 
and transcripts of official meetings, maps, books, photographs, data, research material, 
16 
film, sound and video recordings, magnetic or other tapes, electronic data, computer 
17 
stored data, or any other like or similar data or material recorded, stored or archived in 
18 
whatever form or fOimat, which are made, received or kept in or under the control and 
19 
custody of any government agency pursuant to law, executive order, rules and 
20 
regulations, ordinance or in connection with the performance or transaction of official 
21 
business by any government agency. 
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(b) "Official record/records" shall refer to information produced or received by a public 
2 
officer or employee, or by a government agency in an official capacity or pursuant to a 
3 
public nmction or duty, regardless of whether the information is in the draft, final or any 
4 
other stage or status, 
5 
(c) "Public record/records" shall include information required by law, executive orders, rules, 
6 
or regulations to be entered, kept and made publicly available by a government agency, 
7 
SEC. 4. Coverage. - This Act shall cover all government agencies, Government agency 
8 
or agencies shall include the executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as constitutional 
9 
bodies of the Republic of the Philippines including but not limited to the national government 
10 
and all its agencies, departments, bureaus, offices and instrumentalities, constitutional 
11 
commissions and constitutionally mandated bodies, local governments and all their agencies, 
12 
regulatory agencies, chartered institutions, government-owned or controlled corporations, 
13 
including wholly-owned or controlled subsidiaries, government financial institutions, state 
14 
universities and colleges, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine National Police, all 
15 
offices in the Congress of the Philippines including the offices of Senators and Representatives, 
16 
the Supreme Court and all lower courts established by law, 
17 
Public service contractors or any other entity shall make their records available to the 
18 
public insofar as they are related to any contract or transactions that they have with the 
19 
government or government agencies, 
Provided, that such contracts or transactions are of the 
20 
highest publiQ'interest by reason of the amounts involved and the impact of the transaction to the 
21 
public. 
22 
SEC. 5. Access to Information. - Every Filipino citizen has a right to and shall, on 
23 
request, be given access to any record under the control of a government agency regardless of the 
24 
physical form or format in which they are contained subject only to the exceptions enumerated in 
25 
Section 7 of this Act. 
26 
SEC. 6. Pl'esumption. - There shall be a legal presumption in favor of access to 
27 
information, No request for information shall be denied unless it clearly falls under the 
28 
exceptions provided under this Act. 
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SEC. 7. Exceptions. - Access to information shall be granted unless: 
30 
(a) The infonnation is specifically authOlized'to be kept secref under guidelines established 
31 
by an Executive Order, and in fact properly classified pursuant thereto: Provided, that 
32 
(1) The information directly relates to national security or defense and its revelation 
33 
may cause serious damage to the national security or internal and external defense 
34 
of the State; or 
35 
(2) The information requested pertains to the foreigu affairs of the Republic of the 
36 
Philippines, when its revelation shall unduly weaken the negotiating position of 
37 
the government in an ongoing bilateral or multilateral negotiation or seriously 
38 
jeopardize the diplomatic relations of tile Philippines with any state, Provided, 
39 
nlrther, that the Executive Order shall specify the reasonable period after which 
40 
the information shall be automatically declassified or subject to mandatory 
41 
declassification review, and that any reasonable doubt as to classification and 
42 
declassification shall be settled in favor of the right to information; 
43 
(b) The information consist of records of minutes, advice given or opinions expressed during 
44 
decision-making or policy fonnulation, invoked by the Chief Executive to be privileged 
45 
by reason of the, sensitivity of the subject matter or by reason of the impairnlent of the 
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Chief Executive's deliberative process that would result from the disclosure thereof. 
2 
Once policy has been formulated and decisions made, minutes and research data may be 
3 
made available for disclosure unless they were made in executive session; 
4 
(c) The information requested pertains to internal and/or external defense, law enforcement, 
5 
and border control, when the disclosure thereof may: 
6 
(I) Compromise or interfere with any legitimate military or law enforcement 
7 
operation, or 
8 
(2) Compromise or interfere with the legitimate prevention, detection or suppression 
9 
of criminal activity, or the legitimate implementation of immigration controls and 
10 
border security, or 
11 
(3) Lead to the disclosure of the identity of a confidential source, including a 
12 
government, or foreign agency or authority or any private institution which 
13 
furnished information on a confidential basis, and, in the case of a record or 
14 
information compiled by a law enforcement authority in the course of an 
15 
investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence 
16 
investigation, information furnished by a confidential source, or 
I 
17 
(4) Disclose legitimate techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations 
18 
or prosecutions, or would disclose legitimate guidelines for law enforcement 
19 
investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could reasonably be expected to 
20 
risk circumvention of the law, or 
21 
(5) Endanger the life or physical safety of any individual, or 
22 
(6) Deprive a person of a right to a fair trial and impartial adjUdication. 
23 
(d) The information requested consists of drafts of orders, resolutions, decisions, memoranda 
24 
or audit reports by any executive, administrative, regulatory, constitutional, judicial or 
25 
quasi-judicial body in the exercise of their regulatory, audit and adjudicatory function. 
26 
(e) The information requested is obtained by either House of Congress, or any committee 
27 
thereof, in executive session. 
28 
(f) The information requested pertains to the personal information of a natural person other 
29 
than the requesting party, and its disclosure would constitute an unwarranted invasion of 
30 
his or her personal privacy, unless it forms part of a public record, or the person is or was 
31 
an official of a government agency and the information relates to his other public 
32 
function or the person has consented, in writing, to the disclosure of the information; 
33 
(g) The information requested pertains to trade secrets and commercial or financial 
34 
information obtained from a natural or juridical person other than the requesting party, 
35 
obtained in confidence or covered by privileged communication, and/or filed with a 
36 
government agency, whenever the revelation thereof would prejudice the interests of such 
37 
natural or juridical person in trade, industrial, financial or commercial competition. 
38 
(11) The information is classified as privileged comml111ications in legal proceedings bylaw or 
39 
by the Rules of Court. 
40 
(i) The infonnation requested is exempted from disclosure by law or by the Constitution, in 
41 
addition to those provided in this section. 
42 
(j) The information is of a nature that its premature disclosure would: (1) in the case of an 
43 
agency that regulates or deals with currencies, interest rates, securities, commodities, or 
44 
financial institutions, be likely to lead speculations in currencies, interest rates, securities, 
45 
or commodities market; or (2) in the case of other agencies, be likely to fi'ustrate the 
46 
effective implementation of a proposed official action: Provided, that the information 
47 
shall be disclosed once the abovementioned dangers have ceased. 
48 
(k) The information has already been made accessible as provided in Section 14 of this Act. 
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I 
For paragraphs (c) to (k) of this section, the determination whether any of these grounds 
2 
shall apply shall be the responsibility of the head of office of the government agency in custody 
3 
or control of the information, or any responsible central or field officerls duly designated by him. 
4 
Provided, that: 
5 
(1) The exceptions are strictly construed; 
6 
(2) The exceptions are not used to cover-up a crime, wrong-doing, graft, or 
7 
corruption; 
8 
(3) The President, the Supreme Court, the Senate, the House of Representati ves, and 
9 
the Constitutional Commissions may waive an exception with respect to 
10 
infonnation in the custody of offices under their respective supervision or control, 
11 
when they deem that there is an overriding public interest in disclosure; 
12 
(4) The exceptions do not constitute authority to withhold information fi'om 
13 
Congress, nor authority for the executive branch of a local government unit to 
14 
withhold information from the legislative body of such local government unit; 
15 
(5) Whenever the information requested is part of a record, whose other parts are 
16 
covered by an exception, but may be reasonably severed from a record, the 
17 
responding official shall communicate the information not covered by the 
18 
exception to the requester; and 
19 
(6) The exceptions set forth in this section may be overcome if the requester is able to 
20 
prove before the Ombudsman or a court of competent jurisdiction that the public 
21 
interest in the disclosure of information outweighs the public interest in keeping 
22 
the information secret or confidential. 
23 
SEC. 8. Mandatory Disclosure of Information. -
24 
(a) In fhlfillment of Article XI, Section 17 of the Constitution, the following national 
25 
officials shall disclose to the public their Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth 
26 
(SALN) on an annual basis in their official website: 
27 
(1) President; 
28 
(2) Vice-President; 
29 
(3) Members ofthe Cabinet; 
30 
(4) Members of Congress; 
31 
(5) Justices of Supreme Court; 
32 
(6) Members of Constitutional Commissions and other constitutional offices, 
33 
(7) Officers of the armed forces with general or flag rank. 
34 
(b) All agencies of all branches of government shall upload on their websites, which shall be 
35 
updated monthly, a register of the following public interest transactions, documents or 
36 
records, including: 
37 
(1) Annual Budget of Government Agencies; 
38 
(2) Itemized Monthly Collections and Disbursement; 
39 
(3) Summary ofIncome and Expenditures; 
40 
(4) Component ofthe IRA Utilization; 
41 
(5) Annual Procurement PIau and Procurement List; 
42 
(6) An updated plantilla of positions and vacant positions with qualifications/ 
43 
requirements in their organizations that need to be filled-up; 
44 
(7) Items to Bid; 
45 
(8) Bid Results on Civil Works, and Goods and Services; 
46 
(9) Abstract of Bids as Calculated; 
47 
(10) Procurement contracts entered into by' a government agency; 
48 
(11) Construction or concession agreements or contracts entered into by a 
49 
government agency with any domestic or foreign person or entity; 
50 
(12) Private sector participation agreements or contracts in infrastructure and 
51 
development projects under Republic Act No. 6957, as amended by Republic 
52 
Act No. 77 I 8, authorizing the financing, construction, operation and 
53 
maintenance of infrastmcture projects; 
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(13) Public fimding extended to any private entity; 
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(14) Bilateral or multilateral agreements and treaties in trade, economic partnership, 
investments, cooperation and similar binding commitments; 
(15) Licenses, permits or agreements granted by any government agency to any 
person or entity for the extraction and/or utilization of natural resources and a 
list of the grantees; 
(16) Guarantees given by any government agency to government-owned or -
controlled corporations and to private corporations, persons or entities; 
(17) Loans from domestic and foreign financial institutions; 
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11 
12 
13 
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(18) Loans, grants, development assistance, technical assistance, and programs 
entered into by a government agency with official bilateral or multilateral 
agencies, as well as with private aid agencies or institutions; and 
(19) Compromise agreements entered'into by a government agency with any person 
or entity. 
15 
The register shall contain a brief description of the transaction involved, 
16 
including, but not limited to: the nature and object of the transaction, the parties and 
17 
amounts involved, the key steps undertaken towards its conclusion, and the relevant dates 
18 
provided that contracts and agreements involving an amount of at least Fifty Million 
19 
Pesos (Php 50,000,000.00) shall be uploaded in full on the website of the concerned 
20 
govemment agency or the Official Gazette online. A covered record shall be enrolled in 
21 
the register not later than thirty (30) working days fi'om its perfection or issuance. 
22 
SEC. 9. Openness and Transparency in Government Agencies. - Each government 
23 
agency shall regularly publish, print and disseminate at no cost to the public and in an accessible 
24 
form, consistent with the provisions of Republic Act No. 9485, or the Anti-Red Tape Act of 
25 
2007, and through their website, timely, tme, accurate and updated key information including, 
26 
but not limited to: 
27 
(1) A description of its mandate, structure, powers, fimctions, duties and decision-
28 
making processes; 
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(2) A description of the frontline services it delivers and the procedure and length of 
30 
time by which they may be availed of; 
31 
(3) The names of its key officials, their powers, functions and responsibilities, and 
32 
their profiles and curriculum vitae; 
, 
33 
(4) Work programs, development plans, investment plans, projects, performance 
34 
targets and accomplishments, and budgets, revenue allotments and expenditures; 
35 
(5) hnportant rules and regulations, orders or decisions: Provided, that they be 
36 
published within fifteen (15) calendar days from promulgation; 
, 
37 
(6) Rules of procedure, descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms 
38 
may be obtained, and instructions as to the scope and contents of all papers, 
39 
reports, or examinations; 
40 
(7) Substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and 
41 
statements of general policy or interpretations of general applicability formulated 
42 
and adopted by the agency, including subsequent amendments; 
43 
(8) Current and important database and statistics tl,at it generates; 
44 
(9) Bidding processes and requirements; and 
45 
(10) Mechanisms or procedures by which the public may participate in or otherwise 
46 
influence the formulation of policy or the exercise of its powers. 
47 
All go.vernment agencies shall over time endeavor and build the capacity and practice to 
48 
upload in full all other contracts, agreements, or treaties covered under this section, in particular 
49 
those that are of the highest public interest by reason of the amounts involved and the impact of 
50 
the transaction to the public. 
51 
SEC. 10. Protection of Privacy. - While providing for access to information in public 
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1 
records, this Act also affords full protection of the right to privacy of individuals, as follows: 
2 
(a) A government agency must ensure that personal infomlation in its custody or under its 
3 
control is disclosed only as permitted under this Act; 
4 
(b) A government agency must protect personal· infOlmation in its custody or under its 
5 
control by making reasonable secmity arrangements against such risks as unauthorized 
6 
access, collection, use, disclosure, or disposal; 
7 
(c) An employee, officer or director of a govemment agency who has access, whether 
8 
authorized or unauthorized, to personal information in the custody of the agency, must 
9 
not disclose that information except as authorized Ul1der this Act. 
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SEC. 11. Freedom ofInformation Manual.-
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(a) For the effective implementation of this Act, all govemment agencies shall prepare a 
12 
Freedom of Information Manual, indicating the following: 
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(1) The location and contact information of the head, regional, provincial and field 
14 
offices, and other established places where the public can obtain govermnent 
15 
information or submit requests; 
16 
(2) TIle types of infonnation it generates, produces, holds and/or publishes; 
17 
(3) A description of its record-keeping system; 
18 
(4) The person or office responsible for receiving requests for information; 
19 
(5) The procedure for the filing of requests personally, by mail, or through the 
20 
identified electronic means; 
21 
(6) The standard forms for the submission of request and for the proper 
22 
acknowledgment of the request; 
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(7) The process for the disposition of the request, including the routing of the request 
24 
to the person or office with the duty to act on the request, the decision making 
25 
process, and the grant or denial ot' access and its iniplement~tion;' 
. 
26 
(8) The procedure for the administrative appeal of any denial for access to 
27 
information; 
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(9) The schedule of fees; 
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(10) The process and procedure for the mandatory disclosure of information under 
30 
Section 8 of this Act: Provided, Tliat, should the agency lack the capacity to 
31 
fully comply therewith, a brief description of its plan to facilitate compliance 
32 
within three (3) years from the approval of this Act; and 
33 
(11) Such other information, taking into consideration the unique characteristics of 
34 
an agency, that will help facilitate the effective implementation of this Act. 
35 
(b) The foregoing information shall also be posted in its website and bulletin boards, and 
36 
shall be regularly updated; 
37 
(c) In no case shall the absence of the aforementioned Manual be a reason for the denial of 
38 
any request for information made in accordance with this Act. 
39 
(d) The heads of each of the departments and agencies may designate liaison units or 
40 
Committees who shall coordinate with the other units of the agency in implementing this 
41 
Act. The composition, functions and duties of these liaison units or Committees shall be 
42 
included in the FOI Manual. 
43 
SEC. 12. Procedure of Access. -
44 
(a) Any person who wishes to obtain information shall submit, free of charge, a request to 
45 
the government agency concerned personally, by mail, or through electronic means. A 
46 
person who is unable, because of illiteracy ·or due to being a person with disability, to 
47 
make a written request 'for information may make an oral request, and the public official 
6 


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who receives the oral request shall reduce it to wliting, and include his name and position 
2 
within the government agency, and give a copy thereof to the person who made the 
3 
request. The request shall state the name and prefen"ed contact information of the 
4 
requesting pmiy, and reasonably describe the information required, the reason for the 
5 
request of the information and the preferred means by which the government agency shall 
6 
communicate such information to the requesting party: Provided, that the stated reason 
7 
shall not be used as a ground to deny the request or to refi.Jse the acceptance of the 
8 
request, unless such reason is contrary to law. If the request is submitted personally, the 
9 
requesting party shall show his Clment identification card issued by any government 
10 
agency, or government or private employer or school, or a community tax certificate. If 
11 
the request is submitted by mail or through electronic means, the requesting party may 
12 
submit a photostatic or electronically scanped copy of the identification, or other 
13 
convenient means as determined by ihe agency. 
14 
(b) The public official receiving the request shall provide reasonable assistance, free of 
15 
charge, to enable all requesters and particularly those with special needs, to comply with 
16 
the request requirements under this section. 
17 
( c) The request shall be stamped by the government agency, indicating the date and time of 
18 
receipt and the name, rank, title and position of the receiving public officer or employee 
19 
with the corresponding signature, and a copy thereof furnished to the requesting party. In 
20 
case the request is submitted by electronic means, the government agency shall provide 
21 
for an equivalent means by which the requirements of this paragraph shall be met. Each 
22 
government agency shall establish a system to trace the status of all requests for 
23 
information received by it. 
24 
(d) The request may indicate the requesting party's preferred mode and means of receiving 
25 
the information requested, provided that the mode and means are reasonable, taking into 
26 
consideration equipment normally available to the concerned government agency. 
27 
(e) A government agency may communicate the information requested in a form other than 
28 
the preferred means whenever the agency has no capability in communicating the 
29 
information in the preferred fonnat, or such preferred means would unreasonably 
30 
interfere with the effective operation of the agency or be detrimental to the preservation 
31 
of the record. 
32 
(f) The government agency shall comply with such request as soon as practicable, and in any 
33 
case within fifteen (15) working days from the receipt thereof. The period may be 
34 
extended whenever the information requested requires a search of the govemment 
35 
agency's field or satellite offices, eXaJl1ination of voluminous records, the occnrrence of 
36 
fortuitous events or other analogous cases. 
37 
(g) The government agency shall, in wliting or through electronic means, notify the person 
38 
making the request of the extension, setting forth the reasons for such extension and the 
39 
date when the infonnation shall be made available, which in no case shall result in an 
40 
extension of more than twenty. (20) working days. 
41 
(h) Once a decision is made to grant the request, the person making the request shall be 
42 
notified of such and shall pay the required access and processing fees. 
43 
If the information is not held by the government agency to which the request was made, it 
44 
shall notify the requester that it does not hold the infOlmation, and indicate to the requester 
45 
which agency holds the record, if known. Whenever practicable, the agency receiving the request 
46 
may also cause the transfer of the request to the appropriate agency that holds the information: 
47 
PrOVided, that the period to comply with the request under this section shall begin to run only 
48 
upon the receipt of the agency to which the request is transferred. 
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SEC. 13. Access and Processing Fees. - Government agencies may charge a reasonable 
2 
fee to reimburse the actual cost of reproduction, copying or transcription and the communication 
3 
of the information requested. An agency may waive the fees whenever it is satisfied that the 
4 
requester is an indigent, or that the cost of reproduction is negligible, or that it is pursuant to a 
5 
program for proactive disclosure. 
6 
SEC. 14. Exemption from Compliance. - The government agency is excused from 
7 
complying with a subsequent identical or snbstantially similar request from the same requesting 
8 
party where it has previously complied with a request for information unless a reasonable 
9 
interval has lapsed between compliance with the previous request and the making of the current 
10 
request: Provided, that the government agency complies with Section 15 of this Act. 
11 
SEC. 15. Notice of Denial. - If the government agency decides to deny the request, in 
12 
whole or in part, it shall, as soon as practicable, and in any case within fifteen (15) calendar days 
13 
from the receipt of the request, notify the person making the request of such denial in writing or 
14 
through electronic means. The notice shall clearly set forth the ground or grounds for denial and 
15 
the circumstances on which the denial is based, and indicate available rights of reconsideration 
16 
or appeal. Failure to notify the person making the request of the denial, or of the extension, shall 
17 
be deemed a denial of the request for access to infonnation. 
18 
SEC. 16. Remedies in Cases of Denial of Reqllest for Information.-
19 
(a) In all government agencies other than the judicial branch: 
20 
(1) Every denial of any request for access to information may be appealed to the person 
21 
or office next higher in authority of the same agency, following the procedure 
22 
mentioned in Section 11 (a)(8) of this Act. Provided, that the written appeal must be 
23 
filed by the same person making the request within fifteen (15) calendar days fi-om 
24 
the notice of denial. The appeal shall be decided by the person or office next higher in 
25 
authority of the same agency within five (5) working days from filing of said written 
26 
appeal. Failure of the govermnent agency to decide within the aforestated period shall 
27 
constitute denial ofthe appeal. 
28 
(2) Upon denial of the appeal with the government agency, the requesting party may file 
29 
a verified petition for mandamus in the proper court, alleging the facts with certainty 
30 
and praying that judgment be rendered ordering the respondent, immediately or at 
31 
some other time to be specified by the court, to disclose the requested information. 
32 
Any action for adminish'ative and/or criminal liability arising trom the same act or 
33 
omission, if any, shall be filed with the Office of the Ombudsman. 
34 
No damages shall be assessed against the respondent unless it is proven that the 
35 
respondent acted with malice, bad faith or negligence. The procedure for such petition 
36 
shall be summary in nature. The court hearing the case is empowered to receive the 
37 
infonllation subject of a claim of exception under Section 7 herein and examine then 
38 
in camera to determine the sufficiency of the factual and legal basis of such claim, 
39 
when such sufficiency cannot be reasonably determined through evidence and 
40 
circumstances apart from the information. 
41 
(b) In the Judicial Branch, the judiciary shall be governed by such remedies as promulgated 
42 
by the Supreme Court. 
43 
(c) The remedies provided in this section are without prejudice to any other administrative, 
44 
civil or criminal action coveling the same act. 
45 
(d) The remedies available under this Act shall be cumulative and subject to the rule of 
46 
exhaustion of administrative remedies. 
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(e) The provisions of Republic Act No. 9285, otherwise known as the Alternative Dispute 
2 
Resolution Act of 2004, shall not apply to cases filed pursuant to this section. 
3 
(i) In case the requesting party has limited or no financial capacity, the Public Attorney's 
4 
Office shall be mandated to provide legal assistance to the requester in availing of the 
5 
remedies provided under this Act. 
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SEC. 17. Keeping of Records. -
7 
(a) Government agencies shall create and/or maintain in appropriate [onnats, accurate and 
8 
reasonably complete documentation or records of their organization, policies, 
9 
transactions, decisions, resolutions, enactments, actions, procedures, operations, 
.10 
activities, communications and documents received or filed with them and the data 
11 
generated or collected. These shall include working files such as drafts or notes, 
12 
whenever these have been circulated within the agency for official purpose such as for 
l3 
discussion, comment or approval or when these contain unique information that can 
14 
substantially contribute to a proper understanding of the agency organization, policies, 
15 
transactions, decisions, resolutions, enactments, actions, procedures, operations, and 
16 
activities; 
17 
(b) Government agencies shall identify specific and classes of official records in their 
18 
custody or control that have continuing historical, administrative, informational, legal, 
19 
evidentiary, or research value for preservation by such agencies or their legitimate 
20 
successors, or for transfer to the National Archives of the l,'hilippines. In addition, the 
21 
National Archives ofthe Philippines shall likewise identify specific and classes of official 
22 
records that it shall require agencies to preserve and transfer to it. 
23 
(c) In addition to the specific and classes of official records identified for preservation under 
24 
letter (b) of this Section, the following shall not be destroyed: 
25 
(1) Records pertaining to loans obtained or guaranteed by the government; 
26 
(2) Records of government contracts; 
27 
(3) The declaration under oath of the assets, liabilities and net worth of public officers 
28 
and employees, as required by law; and 
29 
(4) Records of official investigations pertaining to allegations of graft and corruption 
30 
of public officers. 
31 
(d) Government agencies shall prepare, following standards and period promulgated pursuant 
32 
to Republic Act No. 9470 or the National Archives of the Philippines Act ofl007, ~ 
33 
records management program that includes the following: 
34 
(1) A records maintenance system for the creation, selection, classification, indexing 
35 
and filing of official records that facilitate the easy identification, retrieval and 
36 
communication of infornlation to the public; 
37 
(2) A records maintenance, archival and disposition schedule providing a listing of 
38 
records under current use, for retention by the agency, for transfer to the National 
39 
Archives, or for destmction: Provided, That destmction of the official records 
40 
may be implemented only upon approval of the National Archives of the 
41 
Philippines; and 
42 
(3) A specification of the roles and responsibilities of agency personnel in the 
43 
implementation of such system and schedule. 
44 
(e) In addition to its function as repository of all mles and regulations issued by agencies as 
45 
provided under Book VII, Chapter II of the Administrative Code of 1987, the University 
46 
of the Philippines Law Center shall, in coordination with the Office of the President 
47 
which has exclusive editorial and printing jurisdiction over the Official Gazette, and with 
48 
other relevant agencies, maintain a database, and publish the same in print in the Official 
49 
Gazette or in digital or online fonn, the following: 
50 
(l) All laws of the Philippines and their amendments, from the period of the 
9 


1 
Philippine Commission to the present; 
2 
(2) AU presidential issuances ii'om November 15, 1935 to the present, including but 
3 
not limited, to executive orders, presidential proclamations, administrative orders, 
4 
memorandum circulars, general orders, and other similar issuances; 
5 
(3) A database of all appointments and designations made by the President of the 
6 
Philippines; and 
7 
(4) Opinions of the Secretary ofJustice. 
& 
SEC. 18. Publication in the Official Gazette. - For purposes of mandatory disclosure as 
9 
provided in Section 8 of this Act, online publication in the Official Gazette website shall be 
10 
considered official publication provided there shall be a timestamp in the said document. 
11 
12 
For purposes of compliance with Atiicle 2 of the Civil Code of the Philippines, 
13 
publication of the following in the online version of the Official Gazette, with the cOlTesponding 
14 
timestamps on the document, shall be considered as official publication: 
15 
(a) All important legislative acts and resolutions of a public nature of the Congress of the 
16 
Philippines; 
17 
(b) All executive and administrative orders and proclamations of general application; 
18 
(c) Decisions or abstracts of decisions of the SlIpreme Court and the Court of Appeals or 
19 
other coutis of similar rank, as may be deemed by said comis of sufficient importance to 
20 
. be so published; 
21 
(d) Such documents or classes of documents as the President shall determine from time to 
22 
time to have general application or which he may authorize to be published. However, 
23 
other documents or classes of documents as may be required to be published by law, such 
24 
as petitions and/or legal notices in connection with land titles, naturalization or special 
25 
proceedings shall continue to be published in the print version of the Official Gazette or 
26 
in any newspaper of general circulation for purposes of compliance with the publication 
27 
requirement. 
28 
SEC. 19. Capacity-Building, Promotion of Best Practices and Continuous Updating 
29 
of Appropriate Information Technology and FOI. - All government agencies must enSure 
30 
that they have a compliant website within two (2) years from the date of effectivity of this Act. 
31 
The National Computer Center shall monitor all government agency websites and render the 
32 
appropriate support including capacity-building program and coordination with another 
33 
appropriate agency, utilizing alternative mechanism and seeking the assistance of private 
34 
relevant and willing volunteer groups to ensure full compliance with the requirements of this 
35 
Act. 
36 
In the performance of its monitoring nmction of government websites and portals, the 
37 
National Computer Center shall endeavor to continuously develop, improve and update its 
38 
information technology system taking into consideration usability and practical accessibility of 
39 
government documents by the pubHc. 
40 
Every government agency shall ensure the provision of adequate training for its officials 
41 
to improve awareness of the people's right to information and the provisions of this Act, and to 
42 
keep updated as to best practices in relation to information disclosure, records maintenance and 
43 
archiving. 
44 
SEC. 20. Use of'Plain Language. - Every government agency shall endeavor to u~e 
45 
plain language in their communications orders, compliance, requirements or instructions issued 
10 


I 
to implement the provisions ofthis Act. The government agencies shall translate key information 
2 
into major Filipino languages and present them in popular form and means. 
3 
(1) To carry out the provision of this Act, the Civil Service Commission (CSC) is 
4 
designated to issue guidelines on the use of plain language to suit the needs of the 
5 
requesting party; 
6 
(2) The CSC shall provide the necessary training to employees of each govenunent 
7 
agency in using plain language in public documents; 
8 
(3) All departments, agencies and instrumentalities of the national government, 
9 
including govermnent-owned or controlled corporations, local government units 
10 
and state colleges and nniversities shall designate an official responsible for 
II 
implementing the plain language; and 
12 
(4) Website contents, including, but not limited to financial data, notices and other 
13 
technical and legal documents, of government agencies must also be written in 
14 
plain language to ensnre that these information are easy to read, understand and 
15 
use. 
16 
SEC 21. Administrative Offenses and Penalties. -
17 
(a) The acts enumerated in this sub-section shall be tantamount to grave administrative 
18 
offenses and shall constitute grounds for administrative and disciplinary sanction against 
19 
any public official or employee who willfully and knowingly commits the following: 
20 
(I) Refusal to promptly forward the request under Section 12 of this Act to the public 
21 
officer within the same office or agency responsible for officially acting on the 
22 
request when such is the direct cause of the failure to disclose the information 
23 
within the periods required by this Act; 
24 
(2) Failure to act on the request within the periods required by this Act; 
25 
(3) Refusal to comply with the decision of his immediate supervisor, the 
26 
Ombudsman, or of any court ordering the release of information; 
27 
(4) Approval of policies, JUles and regulations clearly contrary to the provisions of 
28 
this Act, and which policies, rules and regulations are the direct cause of the 
29 
denial of a request for information. 
30 
(b) The preceding subsection does not bar filing of appropriate administrative cases other 
31 
than those grave offenses enumerated above. 
32 
SEC 22. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. - The penalty of imprisonment of not less 
33 
than one (I) month but not more than six (6) months and a fine ranging from Ten Thousand 
34 
Pesos (Php 10,000.00) to One Hundred Thousand 'Pesos (Php 100,000.00) shall be imposed 
35 
upon: 
36 
(a) Any public official or employee who falsely denies or conceals the existence of 
37 
information that is a proper subject for disclosure under this Act. 
38 
(b) Any public official or employee who destroys, or causes to be destroyed, information 
39 
and/or documents being requested under this Act, for the purpose of frustrating the 
40 
requesting pmiy's access thereto. 
41 
(c) Any individual who knowingly directed, induced or caused the commission of the 
42 
foregoing acts shall be liable as principal by inducement in the prosecution of public 
43 
officials or employees under this section. 
44 
(d) Any public officer or employee responsible for officially acting on the request, who shall 
45 
claim an exception under Section 7 of this Act, or under the Constitution, when such 
46 
claim is manifestly devoid of factual basis. 
47 
(e) Any public officer or employee who divulged or released information covered under 
48 
Section 7 of this Act. 
49 
(f) Any public officer or employee who divulged or released information that is altered, 
50 
tampered or modified to the extent that the released information materially difters from 
51 
the original contents of the document; Provided, that altering or modifying a document 
11 


1 
for the purpose of severing an exempt information from non-exempt information in a 
2 
single document shall not be pUllishable under this subsection. 
3 
If the violation committed in this Act is induced and assisted by a p11vate individual or a 
4 
corporation, partnership or any kind of judicial entity, the penalty provided herein shall be 
5 
imposed on its executive officer and/or other officials responsible therefor. Provided, that they 
6 
shall suffer, in addition to the pertalties provided herein, the automatic revocation of their license 
7 
to operate. 
, 
8 
SEC. 23. Mere Denial in Good Faith Not a GJ'Ound for Liability. - A mere denial in 
9 
good faith of a request made pursuant to the provisions of this Act shall not constitute grounds 
10 
for administrative, civil or criminal liability. 
. 
11 
SEC. 24. Act Not a Bar to Claim of Right to Information Under the Constitution. -
12 
No provision of this Act shall be interpreted as a bar to any claim of the right to information 
13 
under Article III, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution .. 
14 
SEC. 25. Integration of Freedom of Information (FOI) and Good Governance in 
15 
Elementary and Secondary Curriculum. - To ensure a well-informed generations of citizens, 
16 
the right to information, the principles of accountability and transparency, democracy and 
17 
leadership, and good governance shall be integrated in such subjects as Heyograpiya, 
18 
Kasaysayan at Sibika (HEKASI) and Araling Panlipunan in the elementary level and in such 
19 
snbjects as Social Studies and Makabayan or its equivalent subjects in high school level. The 
20 
Department of Education in coordination with the Civil Service Commission and other relevant 
21 
offices shall prepare the necessary modules and teaching programs consistent with the objectives 
22 
of this Act. 
23 
SEC. 26. 
Reports on FOI. - All government agencies shall be required to submit 
24 
annual reports on the uumber of requests for infonnation received and processed, of appeals 
25 
made from the denial thereof, and such other infonnation as provided in this Act. The said report 
26 
may be integrated in the agencies' main Annual Report and its pos~ing and publication in their 
27 
respective websites shall be considered as sufficient compliance. 
28 
SEC. 27. System of Incentives and Rewards. - A system of special incentives and 
29 
rewards is hereby established to be given to appropriate govermnent agency or agencies that 
30 
initiated and displayed compliance and full participation in the meaningful implementation of 
31 
this Act. The incentives and rewards may include but not limited to social projects, grants-in-
32 
aid, national recognition, and similar entitlements. 
33 
SEC. 28. Appropriations. - The amount necessary to cany out the provisions of this Act 
34 
shall be charged against the agencies' current budget and shall thereafter be included in the 
35 
annual General Appropriations Act. 
36 
SEC. 29. Separability Clause. - If any section or part of this Act is held unconstitutional 
37 
or invalid, the other sections or provisions not otherwise affected· shall remain in full force and 
38 
effect. 
39 
SEC. 30. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations, 
40 
issuances or any part thereof inconsistent with the pl'ovisions of this Act, including Sections 18, 
12 


· " 
I 
24 and 25 of Executive Order No. 292 in relation to Article 2 of Republic Act No. 386, 
2 
Memorandum Circular No. 78 dated 14 August 1964 (Promulgating Rules Governing Security of 
3 
Classified Matter in Government Offices), as amended, and Section 3, Rule IV of the Rules 
4 
Implementing Republic Act No. 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public 
5 
Officials and Employees), are deemed repealed: Provided, that Memorandum Circular No. 78 
6 
shall be deemed repealed after one (I) year from the effectivity of this Act or upon issuance of 
7 
the Executive Order in Section 7(a) whichever comes first. 
8 
SEC. 31. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in 
9 
at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation, whichever comes earlier. 
Approved, 
13