flfTEENTH CONGRESS Of THE 
) 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
) 
First Regular Session 
) 
SENATE 
S. B. No. 158 
Introduced by Senator TEOFISTO "TG" GUINGONA III 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
"The days of the secret laws and unpublished decrees are over. This is once again 
an open society, ,vith all the acts of the government subject to public scrutiny and 
available always to public cognizance. This has to be so if our country is to remain 
democratic, with sovereignty residing in the people and all government authority 
emanating from them" 
- Justice Isagani Cruz 
Potente 
Tafiada vs. Tuvera (No. L-63915, 29 December 1986) 
The preceding paragraph came from a Supreme Court decision written by Justice 
Isagani Cruz on the case filed by my grandfather, the late Senator Lorenzo M. Tafiada, 
together with Abraham F. Sarminiento and the Movement of Attorneys for 
Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism (1vIABINI) against Jun C. Tuvera, t.~en serving 
as Executive Assistant to President Ferdinand Marcos, among others. 
The trigger behind the filing of the case was the numerous Letters of Instructions 
and Presidential Decrees that remained unpublished during the Marcos era from which 
arrests and other anti-people impositions of the State were made to appear legal. These 
measures were literally done behind our peoples' backs and being used against us. 111e 
Supreme Court asserted that the prior publication of laws before they become effective 
cannot be dispensed with. 
These days, publication of laws before they become effective is a mere matter of 
course. But during the dark days of Martial Law, such was the struggle that we had to 
endure just to gain, little by little, some semblance of democracy which we all cherish. 


This bill hopes to add on and enhance our democratic ideals and further 
empower our people. It is a product of several discussions in the past Congresses, ideas 
distilled between and among NGOs, POs, media practitioners, the academe and of 
course legislators. The highest stage it has reached so far is t.~c Bicameral Conference 
Committee Report - ratified in the Senate but not in the House of Representatives in the 
final session day of the 14th Congress reportedly due to lack of quorum. 
Suffice it to say that this bill is long overdue. , 
While the 1987 constitution has secured for the Filipino people, in Section 7 of the 
Bill of Rights, their right to be informed on matters of public conce=, it is far from 
complete. Its effective implementation has for the past two decades suffered from the 
lack of the necessary substantive and procedural details that only legislature can 
provide. 
In terms of citizen's access to information, the bill responds to the following 
problems: 
• 
Absence of a uniform, simple and speedy access procedure 
• 
While in legal theory there is no discretion in giving access to information, it 
remains discretionary in practice. 
• 
There is still untested, if not insufficient, basis for sanctions in cases of violation 
of the right to information. 
• 
The remedy to compel disclosure, primarily judicial, is inaccessible to the general 
public. 
• 
Government's record-keeping system is in a very poor state. 
• 
There is a very low level of bureaucratic commitment to openness and 
• 
The cost of access to certain information is excessive. 
The bill provides for the following: 
• 
An expansive scope in terms of government agencies as well as information 
covered . 
., 
A clear, uniform and speedy procedure for access to information 
• 
A prOSCription against excessive costs of access to information 
• 
A system of accessible and speedy remedies that a citizen who has been denied 
access to information may resort to. 
• 
A mandate to promote a culture of openness within government and 
• 
Clear administrative, criminal and civil liability for violation of the right to 
information. 


This bill is the very enabling law that the Constitution so mandated legislature to 
provide more than 20 years ago. I see no reason for any delay in the passage of this 
measure. I therlifore enjoin all members of the 15th Congress to pass this expeditiously 
lmowing fully well the right that we are giving our people. Let t.1Us be our very first 
legacy under the new dispensation. 
In view of the foregoing, the immediate enactment of tu..J.(,O.4.U' 
sought. 


,,< 
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FIfTEENtH coNGl{ESS oil tHE 
) 
REPUBLIC OF mE PHILIPPINES 
) 
First Regular Session 
) 
S.B.No. 158 
Introduced by Senator TEOFISTO "TG" GUINGONA III 
AN'ACT . 
IMPLEMENTING THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO INFORMATION ON 
MATTERS OF PUBLIC CONCERN GUARANTEED UNDER SECTION SEVEN, 
ARTICLE THREE OF THE 19&7 CONSTITUTION hND THE STATE POLICY OF 
FULL PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF ALL ITS TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING PUBLIC 
INTEREST UNDER SECTION TWENTY-EIGHT, ARTICLE TWO OF THE 1987 
CONSTITUION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress 
assembled: 
1 
SECTION 1. Short Title. = This l".ct shall be knuwn as' the "Fre~dom of 
2 
Information Act of 2010" . 
3 
SEC. 2. Declaration 0/ Policy. - The State recognizes the right of the people to 
4 
information on matters of public concern,. and adopts and implements a policy of full 
5 
public disclosure of an its transactions involving public interest, subject to the 
6 
procedures and limitations provided by this Act. This right is indispensable to the 
7 
exercise of the right of the people and their organizations to effective and reasonable 
8 
participation at all levels of social, political and economic decision-makillg. 


1 
SEC. 3. Coverage. - This Act shalf cover aU government agencies as defined under 
2 
Section 4 of this Act. 
3 
SEC. 4. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act: 
4 
(a) "Information" shall mean any knowledge, record, document, paper, report, 
5 
letters, contract, minutes and transcripts of official meetings, maps, books, 
6 
photographs, data, research material, film, sound and video recordings, magnetic 
7 
or other tapes, electronic data, computer stored data, or any other like or similar 
8 
data or material recorded, stored or archived in whatever form or format, which 
9 
are made, received or kept in or under the control and custody of any 
10 
government agency pursuant to law, executive order, rules and regulations, 
11 
ordinance or in connection with the performance or transaction of official 
12 
business by any government agency. 
13 
(b) "Government agency" shalf include the executive, legislative and judicial 
14 
branches as well as the constitutional bodies of the Republic of the Philippines 
15 
including, but not limited to, the national government and an its agencies, 
16 
departments, bureaus, offices and instrumentalities, constitutional commissions 
17 
and constitutionaIfy mandated bodies, iocal governments and alI their agencies, 
18 
regulatory agencies, chartered institutions, government-owned or -controlled 
19 
corporations, including wholly-owned or controlled subsidiaries, govelnment 
20 
financial institutions, state universities and colleges, the Armed Forces of the 
2 


1 
Philippines, the Philippine Nationar Pollee, all offIces in the Congress of the 
2 
Philippines including the offices of Senators and Representatives, the Supreme 
3 
Court and all10wer courts established by law. 
4 
(c) "Official records" shall refer to infOlmation produced or received by a public 
5 
officer or employee, or by a government agency in an official capacity or 
6 
pursuant to a public function or duty, and is not meant to be a stage or status of 
7 
the information. 
8 
(d) "Public records" shall include information required by law, executive orders, 
9 
rules, or regulations to be entered, kept and made publicly available by a 
10 
government agency. 
11 
SEC. 5. Presumption. - There shalI be a legal presumption in favor of access to 
12 
information. Accordingly, government agencies shall have the burden of proof of 
13 
showing by clear and convincing evidence that the information requested is exempted 
14 
from disclosure by this Act. 
15 
SEC. 6. Access to Information. - Government agencies shall make available to the 
16 
public for scrutiny, copying and reproduction in the manner provided by this Act, all 
17 
information pertaining to official acts, transactions or decisions, as wen as government 
18 
research data used as basis for policy development, regardless of their physical form or 
19 
format in which they are contained and by whom they were made. 


1 
SEC. 7. Exceptions. - Subject to' the qualifications set forth in Section 8· of this Act, 
2 
access to information may be denied when: 
3 
(a) The information is specifically authorized to be kept secret under guidelines 
4 
established by an executive order, and in fact properly classified pursuant 
5 
thereto: Provided, That 1) The information directly relates to national defense and 
6 
its revelation vyill cause grave'dalnage to' the internal and external defense of the 
7 
State; or 2) The information requested pertains to the foreign affairs of the 
8 
Republic of the Philippines, when its revelation unduly weaken the negotiating 
9 
position of the government in an ongoing bilateral or multilateral negotiation or 
10 
seriously jeopardize the diplomatic relations of the Philippines with one or more 
11 
states with which it intends to keep' friendly relations: Provided, further, That the 
12 
executive order shall specify the reasonable period by which the information 
13 
shall be automatically declassified or subject to mandatory declassification 
14 
review, and that any reasonable doubt as to classification and declassification 
15 
shall be settled in favor of the right to information; 
16 
(b) The information requested pertains to internal and external defense and law 
17 
enforcement, when the revelation thereof would render a legitimate military or 
18 
law enforcement operation ineffective, unduly compromise the prevention, 
19 
detection or suppression of a criminal activity, or endanger the life or physical 
20 
safety of confidential or protected sources or witnesses, law enforcement and 
4 


1 
miiitary personnel or their immediate families. rnformation relating to the details 
2 
of the administration,. budget and expenditure, and management of the defense 
3 
and law enforcement agencies shall always be accessible to the public; 
4 
(c) The information requested pertains to the personal information of a natural 
5 
person other than the requesting party, and its disclosure would constitute a 
6 
clearly unwarranted invasion of his or her personal privacy, unless it forms part 
7 
of a public record, or the person is or was an official of a government agency and 
8 
the information relates to his or her public function, or the person has consented 
9 
to the disclosure of the information; 
10 
(d) The information requested pertains to trade, industrial, financial or commercial 
11 
secrets of a natural or juridical person other than the requesting party, obtained 
12 
in confidence by, and/or filed with a government agency, whenever the 
13 
revelation thereof would seriously prejudice the interests of such natural or 
14 
juridical person in trade, industrial, financial or commercial competition, unless 
15 
such natural or juridical person has consented to the disclosure of the 
16 
information; 
17 
(e) The information is privileged from production in legal proceedings by law or by 
18 
the Rules of Court, unless the person entitled to the privilege has waived it; 
19 
(f) the information requested is exempted by law or the Constitution, in addition to 
20 
those provided in this section; 


1 
(g) The information requested is obtained by any committee of either House of 
2 
Congress in executive session, whenever such information falls under any of the 
3 
foregoing exceptions; and 
4 
(h) The information requested consists of drafts of decisions by any executive, 
5 
administrative, jUdicial or quasi-judiciafbody in the exercise of their adjUdicatory 
6 
functions whenever the revelation thereof would reasonably tend to impair the 
7 
impartiality of verdicts, or otherwise obstruct the administration of justice. 
8 
For letters (b) to (h) of this section, the determination whether any of these 
9 
grounds shaH apply shalf be the responsibility of the head of office of the 
10 
government agency in custody or control of the information, or any responsible 
11 
central or field officer/s duly designated by him. 
12 
SEC. 8. Qualifications. - Even if the information falls under the exceptions set 
13 
forth in the preceding section, access to information shall not be denied if: 
14 
(a) The information may be reasonably severed from the body of the information 
15 
which would be subject to the exceptions; 
16 
(b) The public interest in the disclosure outweighs the harm to the interest sought to 
17 
be protected by the exceptions; or 
18 
(c) The requesting party is either House of Congress, or any of its Committees and 
19 
the disclosure is to be made in executive session, unless the disclosure will 
20 
constitute a violation of the Constitution. 
6 


1 
SEC. 9. Procedure of Access. - (a) Any person who wishes to obtain information 
2 
shall submit a request to the government agency concerned personally, by mail, or 
3 
through electronic means. !he request shall state the name and preferred contact 
4 
information of the requesting party, and reasonably describe the information required, 
5 
the reason for the request of the information and the preferred means by which the 
. 6 
government agency shall communicate such information to the requesting party: 
7 
Provided, That the stated reason shall not be used as a ground to deny the request or to 
8 
refuse the acceptance of the request, unless such reason is contrary to law. If the request 
9 
is submitted personally, the requesting party shall show his current identification card 
10 
issued by any government agency, or government or private employer or school, or a 
11 
community tax certificate. If the request is submitted by mail or through electronic 
12 
means, the requesting party may submit a photostatic or electronically scanned copy of 
13 
the identification, or other convenient means as determined by the agency. 
14 
(b) The request shall be stamped by the government agency, indicating the date 
15 
and time ot receipt and the name, rank, title and position of the receiving public officer 
16 
or employee with the corresponding signature, and a copy thereof furnished to the 
17 
requesting party. h1 case the request is submitted by electronic means, the government 
18 
agency shall provide for an equivalent means by which the requirements of this 
19 
paragraph shall be met. 
20 
(c) The request may indicate the following preferred means of communication: 
1 


I 
(1) A true copy of the information in permanent or other form; 
2 
(2) An opportunity to inspect the information, using equipment normally 
3 
available to the government agency when necessary; 
4 
(3) An opportunity to copy the information using personal equipment; 
5 
(4) A written transcript of the information contained in a audio or visual 
6 
form; 
7 
(5) A transcript of the content at an information requested, in print, sound or 
8 
visual form, where such transcript is capable of being produced using 
9 
equipment normally available to the government agency; 
10 
(6) A transcript of the information from shorthand or codified form; or 
11 
(7) Other reasonable means or format. 
12 
(d) A government agency may communicate the information requested in a form 
13 
other than the preferred means whenever such preferred means would unreasonably 
14 
interfere with the effective operation of the agency, or be detrimental to the 
15 
preservation of the record. 
16 
(e) The government agency shall comply with such request within seven (7) 
17 
working days from the receipt thereof. 
18 
(f) The time limits prescribed in this Section for the production of the requested 
19 
information may be extended whenever there is a need for any of the following: 


1 
(1) To search for and collect the requested information from field faciHties or 
2 
other establishments that are separate from the office processing the 
:3 
request; 
4 
(2) To search for, collect and appropriately examine a voluminous amount of 
5 
separate and distinct information which are demanded in a single request; 
6 
(3) Consultation, which shall be conducted in all practicable speed, with 
7 
another government agency or among two (2) or more components of the 
8 
government agency having substantial interest in the determination of the 
9 
request; and 
10 
(4) To consider fortuitous events or other events due to force majeure or other 
11 
analogous cases. 
12 
(g) The government agency shall, in writing or through electronic means, notify 
13 
the person making the request of the extension, setting forth the reasons for such 
14 
extension and the date when the information shall be made available: Provided, That no 
15 
such notice shaH specify a date that would result in an extension of more than fifteen 
16 
(15) working days from the original deadline. 
17 
SEC. 10. Access Fees. - Government agencies may charge a reasonable fee to 
18 
reimburse the actual cost of reproduction, copying or transcription and the 
19 
communication of the information requested. 


I 
SEC. 11. Notice of Denial. - If the government agency decides to deny the 
2 
request, in whole or in part, it shall, within seven (7) working days from the receipt of 
3 
the request, notify the person making the request of such denial in writing or through 
4 
electronic means. The notice shall clearly indicate the name, rank, title or position of the 
5 
person making the denial, and the grounds for the denial. In case the denial is by reason 
6 
of a claimed exception, the denial shall also state clearly the legitimate aim or interest 
7 
sought to be protected in the confidentiality, and the facts and circumstances invoked 
8 
showing the substantial harm to, or frustration of, the legitimate aim or interest that will 
9 
result in the disclosure of the information. Failure to notify the person making the 
10 
request of the denial, or of the extension, shall be deemed a denial of the request for 
11 
access to information. 
12 
SEC. 12. Implementation Requirements. - (a) For the effective implementation of 
13 
this Act, all government agencies shall prepare a Freedom of lnformation Manual, with 
14 
the end in view of facilitating easy access to information, which shall include the 
15 
following: 
16 
(1) The location and contact information of the head, regional, provincial and 
17 
field offices, and other estabiished places where the public can obtain 
18 
information or submit requests; 
19 
(2) The types of information it generates, produces, holds and/or publishes; 
20 
(3) A description of its record-keeping system; 
10 


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8 
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(4) The person or office responsible for receiving requests for information; 
(5) The procedure for the filing of requests personally, by mail, or through the 
identified electronic means; 
(6) The standard forms for the submission of request and for the proper 
acknowledgement of the request; 
(7) The process for the disposition of the request, including the routing of the 
request to the person or office with the duty to act on the request, the 
decision-making, and the grant or denial of access and its implementation; 
(8) The procedure for the administrative appeal of any denial for access to 
information; 
(9) the schedule of fees; 
(10) The process and procedure for the mandatory disclosure of information 
under Section 14 of this Act; 
(11) Should the agency lack the capacity to comply with Section 14(a) of this 
Act, a brief description of its plan to facilitate compliance within three (3) 
years from the approval of this Act; and 
(12) Such other information, taking into consideration the unique 
characteristics of an agency, that will help facilitate the effective 
implementation of this Act. 
11 


1 
(b) 
The judiciary shan prepare a similar manual as dIrected by the Supreme 
2 
Court; 
3 
(c) The foregoing information shaII also be posted in its website and bulletin 
4 
boards, and shall be regularly updated; 
5 
(d) In no case shall the absence of the aforementioned Manual be a reason for the 
6 
denial of any request for information made in accordance with this Act. 
7 
SEC. 13. Remedies in Cases o/Denial. - (a) In an government agencies other than 
8 
the judicial branch-
9 
(1) Every denial of any request for access to information may be appealed to 
10 
the person or office next higher in authority, following the procedure 
11 
mentioned in Section 12(a)(8) of this Act: Provided, That the appeal must 
12 
be filed within fifteen (15) calendar days from the notice of denial and 
13 
must be decided within fifteen (15) calendar days from filing. Failure of 
14 
the government agency to decide within the aforestated period shall 
15 
constitute a denial of the appeal; and 
16 
(2) Instead of appealing or after the denial of the appeal, the person denied 
17 
access to information may file a verified complaint with the Office of the 
18 
Ombudsman, praying that the government agency concerned be directed 
19 
to immediately afford access to the information being requested. Such 
20 
complaint shall be resolved by the Office of the Ombudsman within sixty 
1:2 


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(60) calendar clays from tiling, or earlier when time is of the essence, 
taking into account such factors as the nature of the information 
requested, context of the request, public interest and danger that the 
information requested will become moot. The Office of the Ombudsman 
shaH promulgate its special rules of procedure for the immediate 
disposition of complaints filed pursuant to this Section. Unless restrained 
or enjoined, the decisions of the Office of the Ombudsman shall be 
immediately executory, without prejudice to review in accordance with 
the Rules of Court. 
(3) Instead of filing a complaint with the Office of the Ombudsman, 
whenever a request for information is denied originaIIy or on 
administrative appeal, the requesting party may file a verified petition for 
mandamus in the proper court, alleging the facts with certainty and 
praying that judgment be rendered ordering the respondent, immediately 
or at some other time to be specified by the court, to disclose the 
information and to pay the damages sustained by the requesting party by 
reason of the denial. The procedure for such petition shan be summary in 
nature. 
(4) In resolving a complaint or petition brought under the preceding 
paragraphs (2) and (3), the Ombudsman or the court is empowered to 


1 
receive the information subject of a claim of exceptlon under Section 7 
2 
herein and examine then in camera to determine the sufficiency of the 
3 
factual and legal basis of such claim, when such sUfficiency cannot be 
4 
reasonably determined through evidence and circumstances apart from 
5 
the information. 
6 
(b) In the Judicial Branch - The Judiciary shall be governed by such remedies as 
7 
promulgated by the Supreme Court. 
8 
(c) The remedies under this section are without prejudice to any other 
9 
administrative, civil or criminaf action covering the same act. 
10 
(d) The remedies available under this Act shall be exempt from the rules on non-
11 
exhaustion of administrative remedies and the application of the provisions of Republic 
12 
Act No. 9285, otherwise known as the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004. 
13 
(e) In case the requesting party has limited or no financial capacity, the Public 
14 
Attorney's Office shall be mandated to provide 'legal assistance to the requester in 
15 
availing of the remedies provided under this Act. 
16 
SEC. 14. Mandatory Disclosure of Transactions Involving Public Interest. -
17 
(a) Subject to Sections 7 and 8 of this Act, all government agencies shall upload 
18 
on their websites, which shall be regularly updated every fifteen (15) days, all the 
19 
steps, negotiations and key government positions pertaining to definite propositions ot 
14 


1 
the government, as well as the contents of the contract, agreement or treaty in the 
2 
following transactions involving public interest: 
3 
(1) Compromise agreements entered into by a government agency with any 
4 
person or entity involving any waiver of its rights or claims; 
5 
(2) Private sector participation agreements or contracts in infrastructure and 
6 
development projects under Republic Act No. 6957, as amended by 
7 
Republic Act No. 7718, authorizing the financing, construction, operation 
8 
and maintenance of infrastructure projects; 
9 
(3) Procurement contracts entered into by a government agency; 
10 
(4) Construction or concession agreements or contracts entered into by a 
11 
government agency with any domestic or foreign person or entity; 
12 
(5) Loans, grants, development assistance, technical assistance and programs 
13 
entered into by a government agency with officiai bilateral or multilateral 
14 
agencies, as well as with private aid agencies or institutions; 
15 
(6) Loans from domestic and foreign flnanciai institutions; 
16 
(7) Guarantees given by any government agency to government-owned or-
17 
controlled corporations and to private corporations, persons or entities; 
18 
(8) Public funding extended to any private entity; 
15 


I 
(9) BIlateral or multilateral agreements and treaties in defense, trade, 
2 
economic partnership, investments, cooperation and similar binding 
3 
commitments; or 
4 
(10) Licenses, permits or agreements given by any government agency to 
5 
any person or entity for the extraction and/or utilization of natural 
6 
resources. 
7 
A summary list of the foregoing information uploaded in the website shaH be 
8 
posted in the bulletin boards of the concerned government agency. 
9 
(b) The information uploaded in the website under letter (a) of this Section may 
lObe withdrawn after a period of three (3) years from the time of uploading: Provided, That 
11 
an abstract of the information withdrawn shall remain uploaded in the website, 
12 
containing a brief description of the transaction and an enumeration of the information 
13 
withdrawn, and indicating the dates of posting and withdrawal. 
14 
(c) Should an agency lack the capacity to comply with letter (a) of this Section, 
15 
the agency shall initiate a capacity-building program, or coordinate with another 
16 
appropriate agency, to facilitate substantive compliance not later than three (3) years 
17 
upon approval of this Act. 
18 
SEC. 15. Keeping of Records. -
a) Government agencies shall create and/or 
19 
maintain in appropriate formats, accurate and reasonably complete documentation or 
20 
records of their organization, policies, transactions, decisions, resolution, enactments, 
16 


1 
actions, procedures, operations, activities, communications, clocLUnents received or filed 
2 
with them and the data generated or collected. These shall include working files such 
3 
as drafts or notes, whenever these have been circulated within the agency for official 
4 
purpose such as for discussion, comment or approval or when these contain unique 
5 
information that can substantially contribute to a proper understanding of the agency 
6 
organization, policies, transactions, decisions, resolutions, enactments, actions, 
7 
procedures, operations, and activities; 
8 
b) Government agencies shall identify specific and classes of official records in 
9 
their custody or control that have continuing historical, administrative, informational, 
10 
legal, evidentiary, or research value for preservation by such agencies or their legitimate 
11 
successors, or for transfer to the National Archives of the Philippines. In addition, the 
12 
National Archives of the Philippines shall likewise identify specific and classes of 
13 
otficial records that it shan require agencies to preserve and transfer to it. 
14 
c) In addition to the specific and classes of official records indentified for 
15 
preservation under letter (b) of this Section, the following shall not be destroyed: 
16 
1) Records pertaining to loans obtained or guaranteed by the government; 
17 
2) Records of government contracts; 
18 
3) The declaration under oath of the assets, liabilities and net worth of 
19 
public officers and employees, as required by law; and 
11 


I 
4) Records of official investigations on graft and corruption practices of 
2 
public officers. 
3 
d) Government agencies shan prepare, following standards and period 
4 
promulgated pursuant to Republic Act No. 9470 or the National Archives of the 
5 
Philippines Act of 2007, a records management programs that includes the following: 
6 
1) A records maintenance system for the creation, selection, classification, 
7 
indexing and filing of official records, that facilitates easy identification, retrieval and 
8 
communication of information to the public; 
9 
2) A records maintenance, archival and disposition schedule providing a 
10 
listing of records under current use, for retention by the agency, for transfer to the 
II 
National Archives, or for destruction: Provided, That destruction of the official records 
12 
may be implemented only upon approval of the National Archives of the Philippines; 
13 
and 
14 
3) A specifications of the roles and responsibilities of agency personnel in the 
15 
implementation of such system and schedule. 
16 
e) In addition to its function as repository of all rules and regulations issued by 
17 
agencies as provided under Book viI, Chapter IT of the Administrative Code of1987, the 
18 
University of the Philippines Law Center, in coordination with the National Printing 
19 
Office as the agency with exclusive printing jurisdiction over the Official Gazette, shall 
20 
maintain a database, and publish the same in print in Official Gazette or in digital or 
l~ 


1 
online form, the following: 1) All laws ot the Philippines and their amendments, from 
2 
the period of the Philippine Commission to the present; 2) All presidential issuances 
3 
from November 15, 1935 to the present, induding but limited, to executive orders, 
4 
presidential proclamations, administrative orders, memorandum circulars, general 
5 
orders, and other similar issuances; 3) A database of all appointments made by the 
6 
President of the Philippines; and 4) Opinions of the Secretary of Justice. 
7 
SEC. 16. Promotion of Openness in Government. -
(a) Duty to Publish 
8 
Information - Government agencies shall regularly publish, print and disseminate at no 
9 
cost to the publIc and in an accessible form, in conjunction with RA. 9485, or the Anti-
10 
Red Tape Act of 2007, and through their website, timely, true, accurate and updated key 
11 
information induding, but not limited to: 
12 
(1) A description of its mandate, structure, powers, functions, duties and 
13 
decision-making processes; 
14 
(2) A description of the frontline services it delivers and the procedure and 
15 
length of time by which they may be availed of; 
16 
(3) The names of its key officials, their powers, functions and responsibilities, 
17 
and their profiles and curriculum vitae; 
18 
19 
20 
(4) Work programs, development plans, investment plans, projects, 
performance targets and accomplishments, and budgets, revenue 
allotments and expenditures; 
19 


1 
(5) Important rules and regulations, orders or decisions: Provided, That they 
2 
be published within fifteen (15) calendar days from promulgation; 
3 
(6) Current and important database and statistics that it generates; 
4 
(7) Bidding processes and requirements; and 
5 
(8) Mechanisms or procedures by which the public may participate in or 
6 
otherwise influence the formulation of policy or the exercise of its powers. 
7 
(b) Accessibility of Language and Form - E;'ery government agency shan 
8 
endeavor to translate key information into major Filipino languages and present them 
9 
in popular form and means. 
10 
(c) Improving Capability - Every government agency shall ensure the provision 
11 
of adequate training for its officials to improve awareness of the right to information 
12 
and the provisions of this Act, and to keep updated of best practices in relation to 
13 
information disclosure, records maintenance and archiving. 
14 
SEC. 17. Criminal Liability and Administrative Liability. - The penalty of 
15 
imprisonment of not less than one (1) month but not more than six (6) months shall be 
16 
imposed upon: 
]7 
(a) Any publiC officer or employee receiving the request under Section 9 of this 
18 
Act who shall fail to promptly forward the request to the public officer within 
19 
the same office or agency responsible for officiaily acting on the request when 
20 


1 
such is the direct cause of the £3ilure to disclose the information within the 
2 
periods required by this Act; 
3 
(b) Any pUblic officer or employee responsible for officially acting on the request, 
4 
who shall: 
5 
(1) Fail, to act on the request within the periods required by this Act; 
6 
(2) Knowingly deny the existence of existing information; 
7 
(3) Destroy information being requested for the purpose of fiustrating 
8 
the requester's access thereto; 
9 
(4) Claim an exception under Section 7 of· this Act, or under the 
10 
Constitution, when the claim is manifestly devoid of factual basis; 
11 
or 
12 
(5) Refuse to comply with the decision of his immediate supervisor, 
13 
the Ombudsman or the court ordering the release of information 
14 
that is not restrained or enjoined by a court; 
15 
(c) The head of office of the government agency directly and principally 
16 
responsible for the negotiation and perfection of any of the transactions 
17 
enumerated in Section 14(a) of this Act, who shall knOwingly refuse, to direct 
18 
the mandatory posting or uploading of such transaction despite the agency 
19 
capacity to implement such directive. The same penalty shan be imposed 
20 
upon the public officer or employee who, despite a directive from the head of 
21 


1 
office, shall fail, to post or upload any of' the transactions enumerated in 
2 
Section 14( a) of this Act; 
3 
(d) Any public offlcer or employee who shan destroy, or cause to destroy, 
4 
records of information covered by Section 15( c) of this Act; 
5 
(e) Any public officer who formulates policies, rules and regUlations manifestly 
6 
contrary to the provisions of this Act, and which policies, rules and 
7 
regulations are the direct cause of the deJ;rial ofa request for information; or 
8 
(f) Any public or private individual who knowingly induced or caused the 
9 
commission of the foregoing acts under this section. 
10 
The foregoing shall be without prejudice to any administrative liability of the 
11 
offender under existing laws and reguiations. 
12 
SEC. 18. Act Not a Bar to Claim of Right to Information Under the Constitution. 
13 
- No provision of this Act shan be interpreted as a bar to any claim of denial of the right 
14 
to information under Article III, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution. 
15 
SEC. 19. Separabiiity Clause. - If, for any reason, any section or provision of this 
16 
Act is held unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or provision shall be affected. 
17 
SEC. 
20. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and 
18 
regulations, issuances or any part thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, 
19 
including Memorandum Circular No. 78 dated 14 August 1964 (Promulgating Rules 
20 
Governing Security of Classified Matter in Government Offices), as amended, and 
11 


1 
Section 3, Rule tV of the Rules Implementing ~epublic Act No. 6713 (C~de of Conduct 
2 
and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees), are deemed repealed. 
3 
SEC. 21. Effectivity. - This Act shan take effect fifteen (15) days after its 
4 
publication in at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation. 
Approved, 
13