REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Quezon Ci

SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS
Second Regular Session

7099

House Bill

Introduced by MAGDALO Party-List Representative
HON. GARY C. ALEJANO.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Waste management has become a significant issue and has posed serious problems in the
country. Evidently, we need an approach that can deal with the worsening problem of waste
disposal, which at the same time, can also contribute to the conservation of the environment.
This does not only mean that waste must be properly disposed of; but this also requires that
waste should be disposed of in a manner such that it would not become a significant
environmental burden.

Existing technology permits the incineration of waste as a mode of waste disposal while at the
same time, generating much needed electric power. Although there are serious environmental
concems about incineration, advances in emission control designs, along with strict standards
and monitoring system, have caused large reduction of pollution in the atmosphere. In Japan,
concems over the health effects of Dioxin and furan emissions from incinerators have been
proven to be significantly lessened by advances in emission control designs and very stringent
new governmental regulations that have resulted in large reductions in the amount of dioxins and
furans emissions

Incineration reduces the volume of waste very effectively and destroys disease-causing bacteria.
This is suitable for use in the country since it is difficult to secure final disposal sites due to our
becoming limited land space. It is estimated that when incinerated, waste shall be reduced to
approximately one-tenth of its weight and one-twentieth of its volume. More importantly,
incinerators can be used for generating electricity or to provide energy in other forms such as
generating steam for heating. Such a use is known as waste-to-energy (WTE) or energy recovery.

This bill aims to amend Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the “Clean Air Act of
1999”, by repealing the original Section 20 thereof and revising the same to take advantage,
promote and/or permit the use of recent advances in waste-to-energy (WTE) technology.
‘Through incineration, the most common waste-to-energy implementation, this bill intends to
promote WTE technology.

This technology provides for the safe disposal of waste without harmful emissions to the
atmosphere, and at the same time, offers maximum benefits from the recovery of the valuable
contents of the wastes from our cities.

In view of the foregoing, the immediate approval of this bill is earnestly sought.

[ANO-

‘Representative
Magdalo Para sa Pilipino Party-List


REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Quezon City

SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS
Second Regular Session

7099

House Bill No.

Introduced by MAGDALO Party-List Representative
HON. GARY C. ALEJANO-

AN ACT
PROMOTING AND PERMITING THE USE OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY, AMENDING FOR THIS PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED
8749, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in
Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. Definition of Terms. - Section 5 of Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise
known as "The Clean Air Act of 1999", and herein referred to as the Act, is amended to read as
follows:

"SEC. 5. Definitions. - As used in this Act:

‘A. "Air pollutant” means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen,
nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or
normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment,
which includes, but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid
particles of any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radioactive
substances;

B. "Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid,
gaseous or solid substances that will, or is likely to, create or to render the air
resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health,
safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic,
commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate
Purposes;

C. "Ambient air quality guideline values" means the concentration of air over
specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to
serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare.
These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as
determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement of
the air qi and in general, used as basis for taking positive action in
preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution;

D. "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in .a
broad area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished
from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution;



a

. "Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/ assembler or
importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the
requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations;

. "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources;

|. "Eco-profile” means the geographic-based instrument for planners and

decision makers which present an evaluation of the environment quality and
carrying capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of primary data
and information on natural resources and antropogenic activities on the land
which were evaluated by various environmental risk assessment and
forecasting methodologies that enable the Department to anticipate the type
of development control necessary in the planning area;

|. "Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted

sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere;

"Greenhouse gases" means those gases that can potentially or can reasonably
be expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, oxides
of nitrogen, chloroflourocarbons, and the like;

"Hazardous substances" means those substances which present either: (1)
short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or
skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of
fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure,
carcinogecity (which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long
latent period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the
potential to pollute underground or surface waters;

.. "Infectious waste" means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an

infectious disease;

.. "Medical waste" means the materials generated as a result of patient

tion of human beings or animals;

diagnosis, treatment, or immuni:

"Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of
carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the
conveyance of persons or the transportation of property goods;

. "Motor vehicle" means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine

or by any means other than human or animal power, constructed and
operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of
property or goods in a public highway or street open to public use:

. "Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities

within a specific locality;

. "New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has

never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency
or authority, and operated on the highways of the Philippines, any foreign
state or country;

). "Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index (AKI)" means the rating of the

antiknock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as
determined by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number
(RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with

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respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof,
whether imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer
to the minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such
manufacturer recommends for the efficient operation of such motor vehicle,
or a substantial portion of such class, without knocking;

R. "Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" means those substances that
significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is
likely to result in adverse effects of human health and the environment such
as, but not limited to, chloroflourocarbons, halons and the like;

S. "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" means the organic compounds that
persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a
risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These
compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which
shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT,
hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane;

T. "Poisonous and toxic fumes" means any emissions and fumes which are
beyond internationally - accepted standards, including but not limited to the
World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values;

. "Pollution control device” means any device or apparatus used to prevent,
control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified
pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standards
established by the Department:

V. "Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices,
production process, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively
prevent or reduce emissions or effluent;

W. "Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of air pollutant
which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the
application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the
cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air quality health and
environmental impact and energy requirement which the Department
determines, and adequately demonstrates; and

X. "Stationary source” means any building or immobile structure, facility or
installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant;

Y. BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS - CONSISTS OF ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION, HYDROLYSIS, AND FERMENTATION USING
ENZYMES THAT PRODUCE LOW HEAT IN SLOW REACTION
TIMES;

Z. BOILER - A CLOSED VESSEL IN WHICH WATER OR OTHER
FLUID IS HEATED. THE HEATED OR VAPORIZED FLUID EXITS
THE BOILER FOR USE IN VARIOUS PROCESSES OR HEATING
APPLICATIONS;

AA. BOTTOM ASH - ONE OF THE RESIDUES GENERATED IN THE
COMBUSTION OF COAL, GENERALLY-CAPTURED FROM THE
BOTTOM OF THE FURNACE;


BB. BUBBLING FLUIDIZED-BED - A COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
USED TO SUSPEND SOLID FUELS ON UPWARD-BLOWING JETS
OF AIR DURING THE COMBUSTION PROCESS. THE RESULT IS
A TURBULENT MIXING OF GAS AND SOLIDS. THE TUMBLING
ACTION, MUCH LIKE A BUBBLING FLUID, PROVIDES MORE
EFFECTIVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND HEAT TRANSFER;

CC. CAUSTIC SODA - USED TO DRIVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS
AND ALSO FOR THE NEUTRALIZATION OF ACIDIC
MATERIALS;

DD. ECONOMIZER - MECHANICAL DEVICES INTENDED TO
REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, OR TO PERFORM ANOTHER
USEFUL FUNCTION LIKE PREHEATING A FLUID;

EE. FABRIC FILTER BAGHOUSE - FABRIC COLLECTORS USE
FILTRATION TO SEPARATE DUST PARTIC! TES FROM
DUSTY GAS

FF.FLUE GAS - GAS THAT EXITS TO THE ATMOSPHERE VIA A
FLUE, WHICH IS A PIPE OR CHANNEL FOR CONVEYING
EXHAUST GASES FROM A FIREPLACE, OVEN, FURNACE,
BOILER OR STEAM GENERATOR;

GG. FLY ASH - ONE OF THE RESIDUES GENERATED IN THE
COMBUSTION OF COAL. FLY ASI GENERALLY CAPTURED
FROM THE CHIMNEYS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS;

HH. GASIFICATION AND MELTING FURNACE - A FACILITY THAT
THERMALLY DECOMPOSES WASTE INTO GAS AND CARBIDE
IN A GASIFICATION FURNACE AND BURNS THESE IN A
MELTING FURNACE TO CONVERT THEM INTO WASTE GAS
AND SLAG;

|. PARTICULATE MATTER - REFERS TO THE GENERIC TERM
USED FOR A TYPE OF AIR POLLUTION THAT CONSISTS OF
COMPLEX AND VARYING MIXTURES OF PARTICLES
SUSPENDED IN THE AIR;

JJ. ROTARY FURNACE TYPE INCINERATORS (ROTARY KILNS) - A
HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL INCINERATOR, THE INNER
SURFACE OF WHICH IS COVERED WITH REFRACTORY
MATERIAL THAT IS ROTATED AND WHERE WASTE IS DRIED
AND BUR!

KK. SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION - CATALYTIC
OXIDATION USING METAL OXIDE CATALYSTS THAT ARE
PRESENTLY COMMONLY USED FOR REDUCING NOx
EMISSIONS;

LL. SLAG - THE BY-PRODUCT OF SMELTING ORE TO PURIFY
METALS;

MM. SMELTING - A CHEMICAL REDUCTION USED TO PRODUCE A
METAL FROM ITS ORE;


NN. SUPERHEATER - A DEVICE THAT HEATS THE STEAM
NNERATED BY THE BOILER, INCREASING ITS THERMAL

SNERGY AND DECREASING THE LIKELIHOOD THAT IT WILL
CONDENSE INSIDE AN ENGINE;

OO, THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE - CONSISTS OF
COMBUSTION, GASIFICATION, AND PYROLYSIS THAT
PRODUCE HIGH HEAT IN FAST REACTION TIMES;

PP.WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY - REFERS TO:

a. TECHNOLOGY THAT INVOLVES THE CONVERTION OF
VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
SUCH AS PAPER, PLASTICS, AND WOOD TO GENERATE
ENERGY BY EITHER THERMOCHEMICAL OR
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES;

b. ANY WASTE TREATMENT THAT IS ABLE TO PRODUCE
ENERGY FROM A WASTE;

c«. TECHNOLOGY WHICH REDUCES OR ELIMINATES
WASTE THAT OTHERWISE WOULD BE TRANSFERRED
TO A GREENHOUSE GAS;

QQ. WASTE TREATMENT - ACTIVITIES WHICH SEEK TO ENSURE
(NECESSITATE) THAT WASTE HAS THE LEAST PRACTICABLE
IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT.”

SEC. 2. Section 15 of The Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 15. Air Pollution Research and Development Program.- The Department,
in coordination with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), other agencies,
the private sector, the academe, NGO's and PO's, shall establish a National Research and
Development Program for the prevention [and], control of air pollution AS WELL AS
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION. The Department shall give
special emphasis to research on and the development of improved methods having
wide application for the prevention [and], control of air pollution AND
TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION.

Such a research and development program shall develop air quality guideline
values and standards in addition to internationally-accepted standards of maintaining
environmentally-sound practices in waste treatment. It shall also consider the socio-
cultural, political and economic implications of air quality management [and], pollution
control AND WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION.”

SEC. 3. Section 15 of The Act is hereby further amended by adding a sub-section to read
as follows:

PC. 15-A. WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY. - PURSUANT TO
SECTION 15 OF THIS ACT, WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IS
HEREBY PROMOTED WITH THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES:

A. REDUCE THE VOLUME OF ORIGINAL WASTE AND AT THE SAME
TIME PRODUCE ENERGY FROM THE SAME;

B. CONDUCT WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS THAT AVOIDS A SITUATION
WHERE ASH BECOMES HAZARDOUS WASTE;


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C. TREAT ALL TYPES OF WASTE, INCLUDING HAZARDOUS AND
TOXIC MATERIALS, WITHOUT LEAVING BEHIND WASTE
RESIDUES AND HARMFUL EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE;

D. RECOVER ALL VALUABLE CONTENTS OF WASTES AT HIGHLY
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS;

E. RECYCLE VALUABLE MATERIALS AND RECOVER MORE ENERGY;

JOUSLY PROMOTE DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY THAT
'S NO HARMFUL EMISSIONS OR RESIDUES, COMPLYING
WITH THE STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS WHICH PROTECT THE
ENVIRONMENT.”

SEC. 4. The Act is hereby further amended by repealing the original Section 20 of the
said Act and amending and revising the same to read as follows:

"SEC. 20. ALLOWING INCINERATION. — INCINERATION
SHALL BE ALLOWED FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE,
AND IN EFFECT, THE CONVERSION OF SUCH WASTE INTO
ENERGY. TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION, THE INCINERATOR
SHALL BE DESI IN SUCH A WAY THAT PRODUCT
COMBUSTION GASES SHALL BE PROPERLY TREATED AND
HARMFUL EMISSIONS SHALL BE REMOVED BEFORE GASES
ARE RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. ADVANCED
EMISSION CONTROL DESIGN AND — STRINGENT
REGULATION SHALL ENSURE THAT WASTES ARE DISPOSED
OF WITHOUT DETRIMENTAL IMPACT TO THE
ENVIRONMENT.

(1) INCINERATION AS AN INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGY. - INCINERATION SHALL BE GENERALLY
USED FOR (TERMEDIATE WASTE MANAGEMENT.
COLLECTED DOMESTIC WASTE SHALL BE
TRANSPORTED DIRECTLY TO AN INTERMEDIATE
TREATMENT FACILITY - THE INCINERATION PLANT.
AFTER BEING COLLECTED AND TRANSPORTED, WASTE
SHALL BE SUBJECTED TO INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT
TO BECOME SUITABLE FOR FINAL DISPOSAL.

THERE SHALL BE AN ENFORCEMENT REGULATION
DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT THAT SHALL
DEFINE A STRUCTURAL STANDARD FOR INCINERATION
PLANTS FOR DOMESTIC WASTE, IN WHICH, IT SHALL BE
REQUIRED TO KEEP COMBUSTION GAS TEMPERATURES
ABOVE 800°C FOR INCINERATION, TO KEEP THE
TEMPERATURE OF GAS FLOWING IN THE DUST
CHAMBER BELOW 200°C AND TO PROVIDE A WASTE GAS
TREATMENT FACILITY.

WASTE INCINERATION SHALL BE CLOSELY RELATED
TO THE MEASURES ADOPTED AGAINST HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN WASTE GAS, ESPECIALLY
DIOXINS, AND THE RECOVERY OF HEAT (THERMAL
RECYCLING) FROM INCINERATION PLANTS. TO REDUCE
THE GENERATION OF DIOXIN WITH COMPLETE

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HIGHTEMPERATURE COMBUSTION, GASIFICATION AND
MELTE FURNACE SHALL BE INTRODUCED. THIS
SHALL ENSURE THAT:

A. THE AMOUNT OF HEAT HELD IN THE WASTE IS
UTILIZED TO MELT AND SOLIDIFY ASH AND
THEREFORE RENDER THE ASH HARMLESS AND
THE MOLTEN SLAG UTILIZED EFFECTIVELY; AND

B. ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF AIR IS REQUIRED
FOR COMBUSTION SO THAT HIGH-EFFICIENCY
HEAT RECOVERY WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF
EXHAUST GAS IS POSSIBLE.

(2) MODERN INCINERATION. - THE INCINERATION PLANT
SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH TWO 200 TID ATMOSPHERIC
BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED (BFB) INCINERATION
BOILERS. A BFB UNIT SHALL OPERATE BY COMBINING
FUEL AND COMBUSTION AIR IN HOT SAND UNDER
VIGOROUS MIXING. THERE SHALL BE BASICALLY
THREE ZONES IN THE VERTICALLY ORIENTED
INCINERATOR: THE FLUIDIZED BED, THE FREEBOARD
AND THE BOILER. AT THE BOTTOM OF THE VESSEL
SHALL BE THE DENSE BED, WHERE FLUIDIZING AIR
SHALL ENTER THROUGH A HORIZONTAL TUBING GRID
(DISTRIBUTOR) JUST ABOVE THE INCINERATOR FLOOR.
AT A HIGHER ELEVATION IN THE FLUIDIZED BED,
PRIMARY COMBUSTION AIR (APPROXIMATELY 7,550
NM‘/H) SHALL BE INJECTED. TEMPERATURE IN THE BED
SHALL BE MAINTAINED AT ABOUT 550-630°C, HOT
ENOUGH TO DRIVE OFF VOLATILES AND FULLY
COMBUST THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW),
WHICH SHALL BE FED AT THE TOP OF THE BED.

IN CASE THE TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE 630°C,
COOLING WATER SPRAYS SHALL BE ACTIVATED
AUTOMATICALLY. ASH AND SAND THAT PERIODICALLY
MIGRATE DOWNWARD SHALL BE REMOVED AT THE
INCINERATOR BOTTOM. SAND SHALL BE SEPARATED
FROM THE ASH, GRADED, AND RETURNED TO THE TOP
OF THE DENSE BED. EACH INCINERATOR SHALL
CONTAIN 57 M' OF SAND (90 T), SOME OF WHICH SHALL
BE LOST AS FINES THROUGH FLUE GAS STREAM AND
WITH FABRIC FILTERS AT A TEMPERATURE LESS THAN
2000°C.

ABOVE THE DENSE BED SHALL BE A TALL REGION
KNOWN AS THE FREEBOARD, WHERE SECONDARY
COMBUSTION AIR (APPROXIMATELY 28 800 NM3/H)
SHALL BE INJECTED AT SEVERAL LEVELS TO
COMPLETELY BURN OFF THE VOLATILES. IN THIS
REGION, THE TEMPERATURE RISES STEADILY FROM
ABOUT 710°C TO 1030°C (AUTOMATIC COOL WATER
SPRAYS ARE ACTIVATED SHOULD THE TEMPERATURE
EXCEED 1070°C), AND GAS VELOCITY IS SUCH THAT A
RESIDENCE TIME (AT 850°C) OF AT LEAST TWO
SECONDS SHALL BE ACHIEVED, FOR  DIOXIN
DESTRUCTION. IN ADDITION TO FLY ASH, SOME SAND
FINES MAY STILL BE CARRIED BY THE GASES IN THE

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FREEBOARD, BUT THESE ARE MINIMIZED BY PRUDENT
VELOCITY CONTROL.

ABOVE THE FREEBOARD IS THE BOILER. WITH NO
COMBUSTIBLES REMAINING IN THE GAS, AND WITH
THE AID OF COOLER AIR INJECTION, TEMPERATURE
SHALL DROP RAPIDLY PRIOR TO CONTACT WITH THE
BOILER TUBES (APPROXIMATELY  480-580°C). THIS
NATURAL CIRCULATION WATER-TUBE BOILER SHALL
BE EQUIPPED WITH A SUPERHEATER. STEAM SHALL BE
GENERATED AT A MAXIMUM RATE OF 33.3 T/H FROM
EACH UNIT, USUALLY AT 3.14 MPA (ABS) AND 300D C.
THE HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM SHALL BE ROUTED TO A
HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM HEADER, WHILE THE FLUE
GASES SHALL EXIT THE BOILER THROUGH AN
ECONOMIZER TO A QUICK-QUENCH COOLING TOWER.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM. - FLUE GAS
TREATMENT SHALL BEGIN AT THE EXIT OF THE
ECONOMIZER, WHERE A WATER SPRAY COOLI
TOWER QUICKLY QUENCHES THE GASES TO ISODC,
MINIMIZING DIOXIN FORMATION. AT THE ENTRANCE
TO THE FABRIC FILTER BAGHOUSE, SLAKED LIME AND
POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON SHALL BE INJECTED
INTO THE FLUE GASES TO REMOVE HEAVY METALS,
DIOXINS/FURANS AND NON-COMBUSTED ORGANICS,
WHILE THE  BAGHOUSE SHALL REMOVE
PARTICULATES. THE DESIGN GAS TREATMENT RATE IN
THE BAGHOUSE SHALL BE ABOUT 75,000 -109,000 NM‘/H
(DRY).

ONCE LEAVING THE BAGHOUSE THROUGH AN INDUCED
DRAFT FAN, THE FLUE GASES ENTER A WET CAUSTIC
SODA SCRUBBING TOWER WHICH SHALL REMOVE ACID
GASES (SULPHURIC AND HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS), AT A
TREATMENT RATE SIMILAR TO THE BAGHOUSE.

UPON EXITING THE SCRUBBER, THE FLUE GASES SHALL
BE DRIED AND HEATED, BY HEAT EXCHANGE WITH
STEAM GENERATED IN THE PLANT, TO 210°C BEFORE
ENTERING THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
(SCR) REACTOR. HERE, AMMONIA SHALL BE INJECTED
INTO THE GAS STREAM AS IT PASSES THROUGH A
HONEYCOMB CATALYST TO REMOVE NITROGEN
OXIDES (NOX).

FROM THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR),
FLUE GASES ENTER THE STACK CONTAINING TWO
FLUES (ONE FOR EACH INCINERATOR) AND AN
ELEVATOR (FOR MAINTENANCE). THE INLET
TEMPERATURE TO THE SCR SHALL BE CHOSEN FOR
TWO REASONS: TO IMPROVE THE RATE OF CATALYTIC
CONVERSION OF NOX (ALTHOUGH A TEMPERATURE OF
250-350°C WOULD HAVE BEEN MORE APPROPRIATE);
AND TO ENSURE AN INVISIBLE PLUME EMANATING
FROM THE STACK.



(4)

LAWS AND ORDINANCES RELATED TO POLLUTION. - TO
TREAT WASTE PROPERLY, IT SHALL BE NECESSARY TO
PREVENT SECONDARY POLLUTION FROM WASTE
MANAGEMENT FACILITIES. THE TREATMENT OF
WASTE MUST THEREFORE COMPLY WITH THE
EMISSION STANDARDS, SUCH AS THE NATIONAL
EMISSION STANDARDS AND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS, EMISSION STANDARDS INDICATED IN THE
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE
CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1997, AND OTHER EMISSION
STANDARDS SET AND MAY BE PRESCRIBED BY THE
DEPARTMENT AND/OR BOARD AND/OR THE
APPROPRIATE LGU.

WASTE INCINERATORS, MUST, AS FACILITIES WHICH
EMIT SOOT AND SMOKE, COMPLY WITH THE EMISSIO!
STANDARDS RELATED TO DUST, NITROGEN OXIDE AND
OTHERS.

MEASURES AGAINST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. - WASTE
CONTAINS A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AND A
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE MAY BE UNINTENTIONALLY
GENERATED IN THE COURSE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT,
WHICH MAY RESULT IN SECONDARY POLLUTION. AS
SUCH, IT SHALL BE NECESSARY TO REMOVE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN WASTE
DURING DISPOSAL AND TO PREVENT SECONDARY
POLLUTION FROM OCCURRING IN THE TREATMENT
PROCESS. MEASURES AGAINST HAZARDOUS:
SUBSTANCES, SHALL REQUIRE VARIOUS
TECHNOLOGIES, ADAPTED TO INDIVIDUAL HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE: SUCH MEASURES INCLUDE THE
FOLLOWING:

A. WASTE THAT IS EXPLOSIVE, TOXIC OR
INFECTIOUS OR THAT MAY BE HARMFUL TO
HUMAN HEALTH OR THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT
SHALL BE DESIGNATED AS WASTE UNDER
SPECIAL CONTROL.

B. CONCRETELY, PARTS FROM HOME ELECTRIC
APPLIANCES THAT CONTAIN POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS (PCB), SOOT AND DUST GENERATED
MUNICIPAL WASTE — INCINERATORS — AND
INFECTIOUS WASTE GENERATED IN MEDICAL
INSTITUTIONS SHALL BE DESIGNATED AS
GENERAL WASTE UNDER SPECIAL CONTROL.

C. WASTE PCB, PCB-CONTAMINATED MATTER,
WASTE ASBESTOS AND MATTER CONTAININ
CONCENTRATED HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, SUCH
AS MERCURY, THE CRITERIA CONCENTRATIONS
OF WHICH EXCEED A CERTAIN VALUE, SHALL BE
DESIGNATED AS INDUSTRIAL WASTE UNDER
SPECIAL CONTROL.

D. COUNTERMEASURE TECHNOLOGIES AGAINST
HAZARDOUS, SUBSTANCES SHALL BE
INTRODUCED, TAKING AS EXAMPLES MERCURY,
PCB AND ASBESTOS AS REPRESENTATIVE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN WASTE;

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DIOXINS AS SECONDARY POLLUTANT
SUBSTANCES GENERATED IN THE WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROCESS, AND INFECTIOUS
WASTE.

E. VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES SHALL BE USED AS
COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST EXHAUST GAS IN
ORDER TO CONTROL SULFUR OXIDES, NITROGEN
OXIDES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES THAT ARE
GENERATED BY INCINERATION FACILITIES OR TO
TREAT DRAIN WATER FROM INCINERATION
FACILITIES AND LANDFILL _ SITE: THUS
PREVENTING THE OCCURRENCE OF SECONDARY
POLLUTION IN THE WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM.

IN ORDER FOR THE SITE SELECTION FOR A WASTE
MANAGEMENT FACILITY TO BE ACCEPTED BY THE
PEOPLE LIVING IN THE AREA, SECONDARY
POLLUTION 'REVENTION MEASURES, TO BE
DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT, SHALL ALSO BE
NEEDED TO BE TAKEN. MEASURES AGAINST
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SHALL COMPLY WITH ALL
LAWS AND ORDINANCES RELATED TO POLLUTION,
AS INDICATED IN SECTION 20-D HEREOF.

INFECTIOUS WASTE - FOR 0 CTIOUS WASTE, IT SHALL
BE REQUIRED TO REMOVE INFECTIOUSNESS WITH AN
INCINERATOR AND MELTING FACILITY. IT SHALL ALSO
BE MANDATORY TO USE AN INCINERATOR OR A
MELTING FACILITY THAT CAN COMPLETELY
INCINERATE OR MELT WASTE AND TO PREVENT THE
LIVING ENVIRONMENT FROM BEING POLLUTED BY THE
EXHAUST GASES OF SUCH FACILITY.

IN ORDER TO APPROPRIATELY TREAT INFECTIOUS
WASTE, A ROTARY KILN TYPE INCINERATOR SHALL BE
USED, IN WHICH INFECTIOUS WASTE SHALL BE BURNED
TOGETHER WITH OTHER INDUSTRIAL WASTE THAT
PLAYS THE ROLE OF COMBUSTION IMPROVER, TO
DESTROY INFECTIOUS BACTERIA, TO DETOXIFY
INFECTIOUS WASTE, AND TO REDUCE ITS VOLUME.

REINFORCEMENT OF THE RESPONSIBILITY. - THE WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT, CLEAN AIR ACT AND ITS RELATED
LAWS AND ORDINANCES SHALL ACCELERATE THE
DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF
TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO THE PROPER
TREATMENT OF WASTE BY DEFINING STANDARDS FOR
THE INSTALLATION OF TREATMENT FACILITIES FOR
GENERAL WASTE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE TO ENSURE
PROPER TREATMENT.

A CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE THAT MAY INFLICT
HARM ON HUMAN HEALTH OR THE LIVING
ENVIRONMENT DUE TO HAZARDOUS
CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS EXPLOSIVENESS,
TOXICITY AND  INFECTIOUSNESS AS SPECIAL

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20
21
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MANAGEMENT WASTE SHALL BE PROMOTED FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF
TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PROPER TREATMENT OF
SPECIAL MANAGEMENT WASTE.

IN ORDER TO PREPARE A SYSTEM FOR THE PROPER
TREATMENT OF WASTE AND TO PREVENT IMPROPER
TREATMENT, PROHIBITION OF ANY INCINERATION OF
WASTE OTHER THAN INCINERATION ACCORDING TO
THE WASTE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS SHALL BE PUT
FORWARD."

SEC. 5. Separability Clause. - If any provision of this Act shall at any time be found to
be unconstitutional or invalid, the remainder thereof not affected by such declaration shall
remain in full force and effect.

SEC. 6. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, rules or regulations inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

SEC. 7. Effectivity Clause. - This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following
its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general
circulation.

Approved,

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