FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
) 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
) 
First Regular Session 
) 
SENATE 
S.No. 225 
Introduced by Senator Antonio "Sonny" F. Trillanes IV 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
Waste management has become an issue and has posed serious problems in the country. Evidently, 
we need an approach that can deal with the worsening problem ofwaste disposal, which at the same 
time, can also contribute to the conservation 0 f the environment. This not only means that waste 
rhust be properly disposed of; this also requires that waste should be disposed of in a manner such 
that it would not become a significant environmental burden. 
Existing technology permits the incineration ofwaste as a mode of waste disposal while at the same 
time generating much needed electric power. 
Although there are serious environmental concerns about incineration, advances in emission control 
designs, along with strict standards and monitoring system have caused large reduction 0 f po llution 
in the atmosphere. In Japan, concerns over the health effects of dioxin and furan emissions from 
incinerators have been proven to be significantly lessened by advances in emission control designs 
and very stringent new governmental regulations that have resulted in large reductions in the 
amount of dioxins and furans emissions 1. 
Incineration reduces the volume of waste very effectively and destroys disease-causing bacteria. 
This is suitable for use in the country since it is difficult to secure final disposal sites due to our 
becoming limited land space. It is estimated that when incinerated, waste shall be reduced to 
approximately one-tenth of its weight and one-twentieth of its volume2. More importantly, 
incinerators can be used for generating electricity or to provide energy in other forms such as 
generating steam for heating. Such a use is known as waste-to-energy (WTE) or energy recovery. 
This bill aims to amend Republic Act 8749, otherwise known as the Clean Air Act of 1999, by 
repealing the original Section 20 thereof and revising the same to take advantage, promote and/or 
permit the use of recent advances in waste-to-energy technology. Through incineration, the most 
common waste-to-energy (WTE) implementation, this bill intends to promote WTE technology. 
This technology provides for the safe disposal of waste without harmful emissions to the 
atmosphere, and at the same time, offers maximum benefits from the recovery of the valuable 
contents ofthe wastes from our cities. 
In view ofthe foregoing, the immediate approval of this bill is earnestly sought. 
~~I.-----' 
A'rfrON.IO' "SONNY" F. TRILLANES IV 
Senator 
J Turning Trash, into Cash. Asian Cover Story. 2003. Retrieved 25 September 2008 from 
www.businessweek.comimagazineicontenti03431b3855017.htm 
2 Technologies to Support a Sound Material-Cycle Society. Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan.2007. 
1 


FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
First Regular Session 
) 
) 
) 
SENATE 
S. No. 225 
Introduced by Senator Antonio "Sonny" F. Trillanes IV 
AN ACT 
~ 
.... 
, 
, , 
PROMOTING 
AND 
PERMITING 
THE 
USE 
OF 
WASTE-TO-ENERGY 
TECHNOLOGY, AMENDING FOR THIS PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED 
8749, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999 
Be in enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress 
assembled: 
1 
SECTION 1. Definition of Terms. - Section 5 of Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise 
2 
known as "The Clean Air Act of 1999", and herein referred to as the Act, is amended to read as 
3 
follows: 
4 
5 
"SEC. 5. Definitions.- As used in this Act: 
6 
a) "Air pollutant" means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen, 
7 
nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or 
8 
normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which 
9 
includes, but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of 
10 
any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radioactive substances; 
11 
b) "Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological 
12 
properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, 
13 
gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air 
14 
resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, 
15 
safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, 
i6 
commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes; 
1 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
c) "Ambient air quality guideline values" means the concentration of air over 
specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to 
serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare. 
These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as 
determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement of 
the air quality, and in general, used as basis for taking positive action in 
preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution; 
d) "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in a 
broad area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from 
discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution; 
e) "Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department of 
Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer / assembler or 
importer certifYing that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the 
requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations; 
f) "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources; 
g) "Eeo-profile" means the geographic-based instrument for planners and decision 
makers which present an evaluation of the environment quality and carrying 
capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of primary data and 
information on natural resources and antropogenic activities on the land which 
were evaluated by various environmental risk assessment and forecasting 
methodologies that enable the Department to anticipate the type of 
development control necessary in the planning area; 
h) "Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or wlwanted 
sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere; 
2 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
'. 
i) "Greenhouse gases" means those gases that can potentially or can reasonably 
be expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, oxides of 
nitrogen, chloroflourocarbons, and the like; 
j) "Hazardous substances" means those substances which present either: (1) 
short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin 
absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk 0 f fire 
explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogecity 
(which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period), 
resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to 
pollute underground or surface waters; 
k) "Infectious waste" means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an 
infectious disease; 
1) "Medical waste" means the materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis, 
treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals; 
m) "Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of 
carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the 
conveyance of persons or the transportation of property goods; 
n) "Motor vehicle" means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine or 
by any means other than human or animal power, constructed and operated 
principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or 
goods in a public highway or street open to public use; 
0) "Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities 
within a specific locality; 
3 


• 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
p) "New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has 
never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or 
authority, and operated on the highways 0 fthe Philippines, any foreign state or 
country; 
q) "Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index(AKI) " means the rating of the anti-
knock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as determined 
by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON), plus 
the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with respect to 
automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof, whether 
imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, sball refer to the 
minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer 
recommends for the efficient operation 0 f such motor vehicle, or a substantial 
portion of such class, without knocking; 
r) 
"Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" means those substances that 
significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is 
likely to result in adverse effects of human health and the environment such 
as, but not limited to, chlorot1ourocarbons, halons and the like; 
s) "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" means the organic compounds that 
persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a 
risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These 
compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which shall 
include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), 
organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, 
lindane, toxaphere and chlordane; 
4 


• 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
t) "Poisonous and toxic fumes" means any emISSIOns and fumes which are 
beyond internationally - accepted standards, including but not limited to the 
World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values; 
u) "Pollution control device" means any device or apparatus used to prevent, 
control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified 
pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standards established 
by the Department; 
v) "Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices, production 
process, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or 
reduce emissions or effluent; 
w) "Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of air pollutant 
which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the 
application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the 
cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air quality health and 
environmental impact and 
energy requirement which the Department 
determines, and adequately demonstrates; and 
x) "Stationary source" means any building or immobile structure, facility or 
installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant; 
Y) BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS - CONSISTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, 
HYDROLYSIS, AND FERMENTATION USING ENZYMES THAT 
PRODUCE LOW HEAT IN SLOW REACTION TIMES; 
Z) BOILER - A CLOSED VESSEL IN WHICH WATER OR OTHER FLUID 
IS HEATED. THE HEATED OR VAPORIZED FLUID EXITS THE 
BOILER FOR USE IN VARIOUS 
PROCESSES OR HEATING 
APPLICATIONS; 
5 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
AA) 
BOTTOM ASH - ONE OF THE RESIDUES GENERATED IN THE 
COMBUSTION OF COAL, GENERALLY-CAPTURED FROM THE 
BOTTOM OF THE FURNACE; 
BB) 
BUBBLING FLUIDIZED-BED - A COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY 
USED TO SUSPEND SOLID FUELS ON UPWARD-BLOWING JETS 
OF AIR DURING THE COMBUSTION PROCESS. THE RESULT IS A 
TURBULENT MIXING OF GAS AND SOLIDS. THE TUMBLING 
ACTION, MUCH LIKE A BUBBLING FLUID, PROVIDES MORE 
EFFECTIVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND HEAT TRANSFER; 
CC) 
CAUSTIC SODA - USED TO DRIVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND 
ALSO FOR THE NEUTRALIZATION OF ACIDIC MATERIALS; 
DD) 
ECONOMIZER - MECHANICAL DEVICES INTENDED TO REDUCE 
ENERGY CONSUMPTION, OR TO PERFORM ANOTHER USEFUL 
FUNCTION LIKE PREHEATING A FLUID; 
EE) 
FABRIC FILTER BAGHOUSE -
FABRIC COLLECTORS USE 
FILTRATION TO SEPARATE DUST PARTICULATES FROM DUSTY 
GASES; 
FF) 
FLUE GAS - GAS THAT EXITS TO THE ATMOSPHERE VIA A 
FLUE, WHICH IS A PIPE OR CHANNEL FOR CONVEYING 
EXHAUST GASES FROM A FIREPLACE, OVEN, FURNACE, 
BOILER OR STEAM GENERATOR; 
GG) 
FLY ASH -
ONE OF THE RESIDUES GENERATED IN THE 
COMBUSTION OF COAL. FLY ASH IS GENERALLY CAPTURED 
FROM THE CHIMNEYS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS; 
HH) 
GASIFICATION AND MELTING FURNACE - A FACILITY THAT 
THERMALLY DECOMPOSES WASTE INTO GAS AND CARBIDE IN 
6 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6. 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
II) 
A GASIFICATION FURNACE AND BURNS THESE IN A MELTING 
FURNACE TO CONVERT THEM INTO WASTE GAS AND SLAG; 
PARTICULATE MATTER -
REFERS TO THE GENERIC TERM 
USED FOR A TYPE OF AIR POLLUTION THAT CONSISTS OF 
COMPLEX 
AND 
VARYING 
MIXTURES 
OF 
PARTICLES 
SUSPENDED IN THE AIR; 
,JJ) 
ROTARY FURNACE TYPE INCINERATORS (ROTARY KlLNS) - A 
HORIZONTAL 
CYLINDRICAL 
INCINERATOR, 
THE 
INNER 
SURFACE 
OF 
WHICH 
IS 
COVERED WITH REFRACTORY 
MATERIAL THAT IS ROTATED AND WHERE WASTE IS DRIED 
AND BURNT; 
KK) 
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION - CATALYTIC OXIDATION 
USING METAL OXIDE CATALYSTS THAT ARE PRESENTLY 
COMMONLY USED FOR REDUCING NOx EMISSIONS; 
LL) 
SLAG - THE BY-PRODUCT OF SMELTING ORE TO PURIFY 
METALS; 
MM) SMELTING - A CHEMICAL REDUCTION USED TO PRODUCE A 
METAL FROM ITS ORE; 
NN) 
SUPERHEATER -
A DEVICE THAT HEATS 
THE 
STEAM 
GENERATED BY THE BOILER, INCREASING ITS THERMAL 
ENERGY AND DECREASING THE LIKELIHOOD THAT IT WILL 
CONDENSE INSIDE AN ENGINE; 
00) 
THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE - CONSISTS OF COMBUSTION, 
GASIFICATION, AND PYROLYSIS THAT PRODUCE HIGH HEAT 
IN FAST REACTION TIMES; 
PP) 
W ASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY - REFERS TO: 
7 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
1) TECHNOLOGY THAT INVOLVES THE CONVERTION OF 
VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SUCH 
AS PAPER, PLASTICS, AND WOOD TO GENERATE ENERGY 
BY 
EITHER 
THERMOCHEMICAL 
OR 
BIOCHEMICAL 
PROCESSES; 
2) ANY WASTE TREATMENT THAT IS ABLE TO PRODUCE 
ENERGY FROM A WASTE; 
3) TECHNOLOGY WHICH REDUCES OR ELIMINATES WASTE 
THAT OTHERWISE WOULD 
BE TRANSFERRED TO A 
GREENHOUSE GAS; 
QQ) WASTE TREATMENT -
ACTIVITIES WHICH SEEK TO ENSURE 
(NECESSITATE) THAT WASTE HAS THE LEAST PRACTICABLE 
IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. 
15 
SE~. 2. Section 15 of The Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
16 
17 
"SEC. 15. Air Pollution Research and Development Program.- The Department, 
18 
in coordination with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), other agencies, 
19 
the private sector, the academe, NGO's and PO's, shall establish a National Research 
20 
and Development Program for the prevention (and], control of air pollution AS WELL 
21 
AS WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION. The Department shall give 
22 
special emphasis to research on and the development of improved methods having 
23 
industry-wide application for the prevention (and], control of air pollution AND 
24 
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION. 
25 
Such a research and development program shall develop air quality guideline 
26 
values and standards in addition to internationally-accepted standards of maintaining 
8 


• 
1 
environmentally-sound practices in waste treatment. It shall also consider the socio-
2 
cultural, political and economic implications of air quality management [and], pollution 
3 
control AND WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION." 
4 
5 
SEC. 3. 
Section 15 of The Act is hereby further amended by adding a sub-section to 
6 
read as follows: 
7 
8 
SEC. is-A. WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY. -
PURSUANT TO 
9 
SECTION 15 OF THIS ACT, WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IS HEREBY 
10 
PROMOTED WITH THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
F) 
REDUCE THE VOLUME OF ORIGINAL WASTE AND AT THE 
SAME TIME PRODUCE ENERGY FROM THE SAME; 
CONDUCT WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS THAT AVOIDS A 
SITUATION WHERE ASH BECOMES HAZARDOUS WASTE; 
TREAT ALL TYPES OF WASTE, INCLUDING HAZARDOUS 
AND TOXIC MATERIALS, WITHOUT LEAVING BEHIND 
WASTE RESIDUES AND HARMFUL EMISSIONS TO THE 
ATMOSPHERE; 
RECOVER ALL VALUABLE CONTENTS OF WASTES AT 
HIGHLY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; 
RECYCLE VALUABLE MATERIALS AND RECOVER MORE 
ENERGY; 
CONTINUOUSLY 
PROMOTE 
DEVELOPED 
TECHNOLOGY 
THAT PRODUCES NO HARMFUL EMISSIONS OR RESIDUES, 
COMPLYING WITH THE STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 
WHICH PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT. 
9 


1 
SEC. 4. The Act is hereby further amended by repealing the original Section 20 of the 
2 
said Act and amending and revising the same to read as follows: 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
"SEC. 
20. 
ALLOWING 
INCINERATION. 
INCINERATION 
SHALL 
BE 
ALLOWED 
FOR 
THE 
TREATMENT 
OF 
WASTE, 
AND 
IN 
EFFECT, 
THE 
CONVERSION OF SUCH WASTE INTO ENERGY. TO 
CONTROL AIR POLLUTION, THE INCINERATOR SHALL 
BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT PRODUCT 
COMBUSTION GASES SHALL BE PROPERLY TREATED 
AND 
HARMFUL 
EMISSIONS 
SHALL 
BE 
REMOVED 
BEFORE GASES ARE RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. 
ADVANCED 
EMISSION 
CONTROL 
DESIGN 
AND 
STRINGENT 
REGULATION 
SHALL 
ENSURE 
THAT 
WASTES ARE DISPOSED OF WITHOUT DETRIMENTAL 
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT. 
(I) INCINERATION AS AN INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT 
TECHNOLOGY. - INCINERATION SHALL BE GENERALLY 
USED 
FOR 
INTERMEDIATE 
WASTE 
MANAGEMENT. 
COLLECTED 
DOMESTIC 
WASTE 
SHALL 
BE 
TRANSPORTED 
DIRECTLY 
TO 
AN 
INTERMEDIATE 
TREATMENT FACILITY -
THE INCINERATION PLANT. 
AFTER BEING COLLECTED AND TRANSPORTED, WASTE 
SHALL BE SUBJECTED TO INTERMEDIATE TREATMENT 
TO BECOME SUIT ABLE FOR FINAL DISPOSAL. 
10 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
THERE SHALL BE AN ENFORCEMENT REGULATION 
DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT THAT SHALL 
DEFINE A STRUCTURAL STANDARD FOR INCINERATION 
PLANTS FOR DOMESTIC WASTE, IN WHICH, IT SHALL BE 
REQUIRED TO KEEP COMBUSTION GAS TEMPERATURES 
ABOVE 
800°C FOR INCINERATION, TO KEEP THE 
TEMPERATURE 
OF 
GAS 
FLOWING 
IN 
THE 
DUST 
CHAMBER BELOW 200°C AND TO PROVIDE A WASTE 
GAS TREATMENT FACILITY. 
WASTE INCINERATION SHALL BE CLOSELY RELATED TO 
THE 
MEASURES 
ADOPTED 
AGAINST 
HAZARDOUS 
SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN WASTE GAS, ESPECIALLY 
DIOXINS, AND THE RECOVERY OF HEAT (THERMAL 
RECYCLING) FROM INCINERATION PLANTS. TO REDUCE 
THE GENERATION OF DIOXIN WITH COMPLETE HIGH-
TEMPERATURE 
COMBUSTION, 
GASIFICATION 
AND 
MELTING FURNACE SHALL BE INTRODUCED. THIS 
SHALL ENSURE THAT: 
A. THE AMOUNT OF HEAT HELD IN THE WASTE IS 
UTILIZED TO MELT AND SOLIDIFY ASH AND 
THEREFORE RENDER THE ASH HARMLESS AND 
THE MOLTEN SLAG UTILIZED EFFECTIVELY; AND 
B. ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF AIR IS REQUIRED 
FOR COMBUSTION SO THAT HIGH-EFFICIENCY 
HEAT RECOVERY WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF 
EXHAUST GAS IS POSSIBLE. 
11 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
(2) 
MODERN INCINERATION. -
THE INCINERATION 
PLANT SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH TWO 200 TID 
ATMOSPHERIC 
BUBBLING 
FLUIDIZED 
BED 
(BFB) 
INCINERATION BOILERS. A BFB UNIT SHALL OPERATE 
BY COMBINING FUEL AND COMBUSTION AIR IN HOT 
SAND UNDER VIGOROUS MIXING. THERE SHALL BE 
BASICALLY 
THREE 
ZONES 
IN 
THE 
VERTICALLY-
ORIENTED INCINERATOR: THE FLUIDIZED BED, THE 
FREEBOARD AND THE BOILER. AT THE BOTTOM OF THE 
, VESSEL SHALL BE THE DENSE BED, WHERE FLUIDIZING 
AIR SHALL ENTER THROUGH A HORIZONTAL TUBING 
GRID (DISTRIBUTOR) JUST ABOVE THE INCINERATOR 
FLOOR. AT A HIGHER ELEVATION IN THE FLUIDIZED 
BED, PRIMARY COMBUSTION AIR (APPROXIMATELY 
7,550 NM'/H) SHALL BE INJECTED. TEMPERATURE IN THE 
BED SHALL BE MAINTAINED AT ABOUT 550-630°C, HOT 
ENOUGH TO DRIVE OFF VOLATILES AND FULLY 
COMBUST THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW), WHICH 
SHALL BE FED AT THE TOP OF THE BED. 
IN CASE THE TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE 630°C, 
COOLING WATER SPRAYS 
SHALL BE 
ACTIVATED 
AUTOMATICALLY. ASH AND SAND THAT PERIODICALLY 
MIGRATE DOWNWARD SHALL BE REMOVED AT THE 
INCINERATOR BOTTOM. SAND SHALL BE SEPARATED 
FROM THE ASH, GRADED, AND RETURNED TO THE TOP 
OF THE DENSE BED. EACH INCINERATOR SHALL 
12 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
CONTAIN 57 MJOF SAND (90 T), SOME OF WHICH SHALL 
BE LOST AS FINES THROUGH FLUE GAS STREAM AND 
WITH FABRIC FILTERS AT A TEMPERATURE LESS THAN 
2000°C. 
ABOVE THE DENSE BED SHALL BE A TALL REGION 
KNOWN AS THE FREEBOARD, WHERE SECONDARY 
COMBUSTION AIR (APPROXIMATELY 28 800 NM3/H) 
SHALL 
BE 
INJECTED 
AT 
SEVERAL 
LEVELS 
TO 
COMPLETELY BURN OFF THE VOLATILES. IN THIS 
REGION, THE TEMPERATURE RISES STEADILY FROM 
ABOUT 710°C TO 1030°C (AUTOMATIC COOLING WATER 
SPRAYS ARE ACTIVATED SHOULD THE TEMPERATURE 
EXCEED 1070°C), AND GAS VELOCITY IS SUCH THAT A 
RESIDENCE TIME (AT 850°C) OF AT LEAST TWO 
SECONDS 
SHALL 
BE 
ACHIEVED, 
FOR 
DIOXIN 
DESTRUCTION. IN ADDITION TO FLY ASH, SOME SAND 
, FINES MAY STILL BE CARRIED BY THE GASES IN THE 
FREEBOARD, Bur THESE ARE MINIMIZED BY PRUDENT 
VELOCITY CONTROL. 
ABOVE THE FREEBOARD IS THE BOILER. WITH NO 
COMBUSTIBLES REMAINING IN THE GAS, AND WITH 
THE AID OF COOLER AIR INJECTION, TEMPERATURE 
SHALL DROP RAPIDLY PRIOR TO CONTACT WITH THE 
BOILER TUBES 
(APPROXIMATELY 
480-580°C). 
THIS 
NATURAL CIRCULATION WATER-TUBE BOILER SHALL 
13 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
CONTAIN 57 M'OF SAND (90 T), SOME OF WHICH SHALL 
BE LOST AS FINES THROUGH FLUE GAS STREAM AND 
WITH FABRIC FILTERS AT A TEMPERATURE LESS THAN 
2000°C. 
ABOVE THE DENSE BED SHALL BE A TALL REGION 
KNOWN AS THE FREEBOARD, WHERE SECONDARY 
COMBUSTION AIR (APPROXIMATELY 28 800 NM3/H) 
SHALL 
BE 
INJECTED 
AT 
SEVERAL 
LEVELS 
TO 
COMPLETELY BURN OFF THE VOLATILES. IN THIS 
REGION, THE TEMPERATURE RISES STEADILY FROM 
ABOUT 710°C TO 1030°C (AUTOMATIC COOLING WATER 
SPRAYS ARE ACTIVATED SHOULD THE TEMPERATURE 
EXCEED 1070°C), AND GAS VELOCITY IS SUCH THAT A 
RESIDENCE TIME (AT 850°C) OF AT LEAST TWO 
SECONDS 
SHALL 
BE 
ACHIEVED, 
FOR 
DIOXIN 
DESTRUCTION. IN ADDITION TO FLY ASH, SOME SAND 
FINES MAY STILL BE CARRIED BY THE GASES IN THE 
FREEBOARD, BUT THESE ARE MINIMIZED BY PRUDENT 
VELOCITY CONTROL. 
ABOVE THE FREEBOARD IS THE BOILER. WITH NO 
COMBUSTIBLES REMAINING IN THE GAS, AND WITH 
THE AID OF COOLER AIR INJECTION, TEMPERATURE 
SHALL DROP RAPIDLY PRIOR TO CONTACT WITH THE 
BOILER TUBES 
(APPROXIMATELY 
480-580°C). 
THIS 
NATURAL CIRCULATION WATER-TUBE BOILER SHALL 
13 


• 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
BE EQUIPPED WITH A SUPERHEATER. STEAM SHALL BE 
GENERATED AT A MAXIMUM RATE OF 33.3 TIH FROM 
EACH UNIT, USUALLY AT 3.14 MPA (ABS) AND 300°C. 
THE HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM SHALL BE ROUTED TO A 
HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM HEADER, WHILE THE FLUE 
GASES 
SHALL 
EXIT 
THE 
BOILER 
THROUGH 
AN 
ECONOMIZER TO A QUICK-QUENCH COOLING TOWER. 
(3) AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM. -
FLUE GAS 
TREATMENT SHALL BEGIN AT THE EXIT OF THE 
ECONOMIZER, WHERE A WATER SPRAY COOLING 
TOWER QUICKLY QUENCHES THE GASES TO 150°C, 
MINIMIZING DIOXIN FORMATION. AT THE ENTRANCE 
TO THE FABRIC FILTER BAGHOUSE, SLAKED LIME AND 
POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON SHALL BE INJECTED 
INTO THE FLUE GASES TO REMOVE HEAVY METALS, 
DIOXINS/FURANS AND NON-COMBUSTED ORGANICS, 
WHILE THE BAGHOUSE SHALL REMOVE PARTICULATES. 
THE DESIGN GAS TREATMENT RATE IN THE BAGHOUSE 
SHALL BE ABOUT 75,000 - 109,000 NM'/H (DRY). 
ONCE LEAVING THE BAGHOUSE THROUGH AN INDUCED 
DRAFT FAN, THE FLUE GASES ENTER A WET CAUSTIC 
SODA SCRUBBING TOWER WHICH SHALL REMOVE ACID 
GASES (SULPHURIC AND HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS), AT A 
GAS TREATMENT RATE SIMILAR TO THE BAGHOUSE. 
14 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
, 
UPON EXITING THE SCRUBBER, THE FLUE GASES SHALL 
BE DRIED AND HEATED, BY HEAT EXCHANGE WITH 
STEAM GENERATED IN THE PLANT, TO 210°C BEFORE 
ENTERING THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION 
(SCR) REACTOR. HERE, AMMONIA SHALL BE INJECTED 
INTO THE GAS STREAM AS IT PASSES THROUGH A 
HONEYCOMB 
CATALYST 
TO 
REMOVE 
NITROGEN 
OXIDES (NOX). 
FROM THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR), 
FLUE GASES ENTER THE STACK CONTAINING TWO 
FLUES 
(ONE 
FOR EACH 
INCINERATOR) AND 
AN 
ELEVATOR 
(FOR 
MAINTENANCE). 
THE 
INLET 
TEMPERATURE TO THE SCR SHALL BE CHOSEN FOR 
TWO REASONS: TO IMPROVE THE RATE OF CATALYTIC 
CONVERSION OF NOX (ALTHOUGH A TEMPERATURE OF 
250-350°C WOULD HAVE BEEN MORE APPROPRIATE); 
AND TO ENSURE AN INVISIBLE PLUME EMANATING 
FROM THE STACK. 
(4) LAWS AND ORDINANCES RELATED TO POLLUTION. -
TO TREAT WASTE PROPERLY, IT SHALL BE NECESSARY 
TO PREVENT SECONDARY POLLUTION FROM WASTE 
MANAGEMENT FACILITIES. THE TREATMENT OF WASTE 
MUST THEREFORE COMPLY 
WITH THE 
EMISSION 
STANDARDS, 
SUCH AS 
THE NATIONAL EMISSION 
STANDARDS AND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, 
15 


• 
• 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
EMISSION 
STANDARDS 
INDICATED 
IN 
THE 
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE 
CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1997, AND OTHER EMISSION 
STANDARDS SET AND MAY BE PRESCRIBED BY THE 
DEPARTMENT 
AND/OR 
BOARD 
AND/OR 
THE 
APPROPRIATE LGU. 
WASTE INCINERATORS, MUST, AS FACILITIES WHICH 
EMIT SOOT AND SMOKE, COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION 
STANDARDS RELATED TO DUST, NITROGEN OXIDE AND 
OTHERS. 
(5) 
MEASURES AGAINST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. -
WASTE CONTAINS A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AND A 
HAZARDOUS SUBST ANCE MAY BE UNINTENTIONALLY 
GENERATED IN THE COURSE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT, 
WHICH MAY RESULT IN SECONDARY POLLUTION. AS 
SUCH, 
IT 
SHALL 
BE 
NECESSARY 
TO 
REMOVE 
HAZARDOUS 
SUBST ANCES 
CONTAINED 
IN 
WASTE 
DURING DISPOSAL AND TO PREVENT SECONDARY 
POLLUTION FROM OCCURRING IN THE TREATMENT 
PROCESS. 
MEASURES 
AGAINST 
HAZARDOUS 
SUBSTANCES 
SHALL 
REQUIRE 
VARIOUS 
TECHNOLOGIES, ADAPTED TO INDIVIDUAL HAZARDOUS 
SUBSTANCES. 
SUCH 
MEASURES 
INCLUDE 
THE 
FOLLOWING: 
16 


• 
• 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
A. WASTE 
THAT 
IS 
EXPLOSIVE, 
TOXIC 
OR 
INFECTIOUS OR THAT MAY BE HARMFUL TO 
HUMAN 
HEALTH 
OR 
THE 
LIVING 
ENVIRONMENT SHALL BE DESIGNATED AS 
WASTE UNDER SPECIAL CONTROL. 
B. CONCRETELY, PARTS FROM HOME ELECTRIC 
APPLIANCES 
THAT 
CONTAIN 
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB), SOOT 
AND DUST GENERATED IN MUNICIPAL WASTE 
INCINERATORS 
AND 
INFECTIOUS 
WASTE 
GENERATED 
IN 
MEDICAL 
INSTITUTIONS 
SHALL BE DESIGNATED AS GENERAL WASTE 
UNDER SPECIAL CONTROL. 
C. WASTE PCB, PCB-CONTAMINATED MATTER, 
WASTE ASBESTOS AND MATTER CONTAINING 
CONCENTRATED HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, 
SUCH 
AS 
MERCURY, 
THE 
CRITERIA 
CONCENTRATIONS 
OF 
WHICH 
EXCEED 
A 
CERTAIN VALUE, SHALL BE DESIGNATED AS 
INDUSTRIAL 
WASTE 
UNDER 
SPECIAL 
CONTROL. 
D. COUNTERMEASURE TECHNOLOGIES AGAINST 
HAZARDOUS 
SUBSTANCES 
SHALL 
BE 
INTRODUCED, 
TAKING 
AS 
EXAMPLES 
MERCURY, 
PCB 
AND 
ASBESTOS 
AS 
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 
CONTAINED 
IN 
WASTE, 
DIOXINS 
AS 
17 


.' 
" 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
• 
SECONDARY 
POLLUTANT 
SUBSTANCES 
GENERATED IN THE WASTE MANAGEMENT 
PROCESS, AND INFECTIOUS WASTE. 
E. VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES SHALL BE USED AS 
COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST EXHAUST GAS 
IN ORDER TO CONTROL SULFUR OXIDES, 
NITROGEN OXIDES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES 
THAT ARE GENERATED BY INCINERATION 
FACILITIES OR TO TREAT DRAIN WATER FROM 
INCINERATION FACILITIES AND LANDFILL 
SITES, THUS PREVENTING THE OCCURRENCE 
OF SECONDARY POLLUTION IN THE WASTE 
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. 
IN ORDER FOR THE SITE SELECTION FOR A WASTE 
MANAGEMENT FACILITY TO BE ACCEPTED BY THE 
PEOPLE LIVING IN THE AREA, SECONDARY POLLUTION 
PREVENTION MEASURES, TO BE DETERMINED BY THE 
DEPARTMENT, SHALL ALSO BE NEEDED TO BE TAKEN. 
MEASURES AGAINST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SHALL 
COMPLY WITH ALL LAWS AND ORDINANCES RELATED 
TO POLLUTION, AS 
INDICATED IN 
SECTION 20-D 
HEREOF. 
(6) INFECTIOUS WASTE. - FOR INFECTIOUS WASTE, IT 
SHALL BE REQUIRED TO REMOVE INFECTIOUSNESS 
WITH AN INCINERATOR AND MELTING FACILITY. IT 
18 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
SHALL ALSO BE MANDATORY TO USE AN INCINERATOR 
OR A MELTING FACILITY THAT CAN COMPLETELY 
INCINERATE OR MELT WASTE AND TO PREVENT THE 
LIVING ENVIRONMENT FROM BEING POLLUTED BY THE 
EXHAUST GASES OF SUCH FACILITY. 
IN ORDER TO APPROPRIATELY TREAT INFECTIOUS 
WASTE, A ROTARY KILN TYPE INCINERATOR SHALL BE 
USED, IN WHICH INFECTIOUS WASTE SHALL BE BURNED 
TOGETHER WITH OTHER INDUSTRIAL WASTE THAT 
PLAYS THE ROLE OF COMBUSTION IMPROVER, TO 
DESTROY 
INFECTIOUS 
BACTERIA, 
TO 
DETOXIFY 
INFECTIOUS WASTE, AND TO REDUCE ITS VOLUME. 
(7) REINFORCEMENT OF THE RESPONSIBILITY. - THE 
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT, CLEAN AIR ACT AND ITS 
RELATED LAWS AND ORDINANCES SHALL ACCELERATE 
'THE 
DEVELOPMENT 
AND 
INTRODUCTION 
OF 
TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO THE PROPER TREATMENT 
OF 
WASTE 
BY 
DEFINING 
STANDARDS 
FOR 
THE 
INSTALLATION 
OF 
TREATMENT 
FACILITIES 
FOR 
GENERAL WASTE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE TO ENSURE 
PROPER TREATMENT. 
A CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE THAT MAY INFLICT 
HARM 
ON 
HUMAN 
HEALTH 
OR 
THE 
LIVING 
19 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
ENVIRONMENT DUE TO HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS 
SUCH 
AS 
EXPLOSIVENESS, 
TOXICITY 
AND 
INFECTIOUSNESS AS SPECIAL MANAGEMENT WASTE 
SHALL BE PROMOTED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND 
INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PROPER 
TREATMENT OF SPECIAL MANAGEMENT WASTE. 
IN ORDER TO PREPARE A SYSTEM FOR THE PROPER 
TREATMENT OF WASTE AND TO PREVENT IMPROPER 
TREATMENT, PROHIBITION OF ANY INCINERATION OF 
WASTE OTHER THAN INCINERATION ACCORDING TO 
THE WASTE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS SHALL BE PUT 
FORWARD." 
15 
SEC. 5. Separability Clause. - If any provision of this Act shall at any time be found to 
16 
be unconstitutional or invalid, the remainder thereof not affected by such declaration shall 
17 
remain in fuH force and effect. 
18 
SEC. 6. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, rules or regulations inconsistent with the 
19 
provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. 
20 
21 
SEC. 7. Effectivity Clause. - This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following 
22 
its complete pUblication in two (2) newspapers of general circulation. 
Approved, 
20