THIRTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC) 
First Regular Session 
OF THE PHILIPPINES 
1 
Introduced by Senator Juan M. Flavier 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
There is a need to create a central agency that will consolidate the functions currently 
being undertaken by the Land Transportation Office, the Land Transportation Franchising and 
Regulatory Board, the DQTC's Office of Transport Cooperatives, the PNP's Traffic 
Management Group and the MMDA's Traffic Enforcement Group. 
This is to avoid the 
confusion as to who is tasked to maintain land transportation law and order on the streets of the 
Philippines, as well as provide direction and administration to the nation's land transportation 
industry. 
As envisioned by the bill, a National Land Transportation Authority shall absorb the 
fbnctions of a merged LTO and LTFREI as the primary policy, planning, programming, 
coordinating, implementing, regulating and administrative entity of the government in the 
promotion, development and regulation of a dependable network of land transportation systems. 
In so doing, we can have a more efficient agency capable of addressing the various needs 
of the land transportation industry, at the same time ensuring public safety and welfare through 
its regulation. 
To allow the agency to do its broad function, the bill proposes to allow the NLTA to use 
50% of the income that it collects fkom its operation. This will enable the agency to modernize 
and therefore be better equipped to do the tasks at hand. 
As we move towards progress, we need a land transportation agency that is up to the 
challenge. We can only attain this if this bill is passed into law. 
R, MD 


'THIRTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC) 
OF THE PHILIPPINE§ 
1 
First Regular Session 
1 
Introduced by Senator Juan M. Flawier 
THE 
NATIONAL LAND 
TRANSPORTATION AUTHQRITU 
ACT OF 2004 
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled 
ARTICLE I 
TITLE, POLICIES, OBJECTIVES 
AND SCOPE OF THE ACT 
SECTION 1. 
Title - This act shall be known as the National Land Transportation 
Authority (NLTA) Act of 2004. 
SECTION 2. 
Policy and Objectives. 
The 
state 
shall 
pursue 
the 
development, maintenance and expansion of a viable, efficient, safe and dependable land 
transportation system as an effective instrument for national development and economic progress 
specifically through the establishment of a motor vehicle statistical office as the principal source 
of information, conversion from the adversarial quasi judicial procedures in the grant of 
franchises to operate public utility motor vehicles into administrative proceedings using socio- 
economic indicators in the grant of permits; and establishment of an office charged with long 
term forward planning and which will improve the administration of the land transportation 
industry. The Authority shall absorb the fhctions of merged LTO and LTFRB as the primary 
policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing, regulating and administrative entity 
of the government in the promotion, development and regulation of a dependable network of 
land transportation systems. 
SECTION 3. Scope of the Act. 
The provisions of the Act shall control, as far as 
they apply to the registration and operation of motor vehicles; licensing of drivers and 
conductors; enforcement of traffic rules, laws and regulations; adjudication of traffic and non- 
traffic violations; fianchising and operation of public utility motor vehicle; 
regulation of 


activities of motor vehicle manufacturers, assemblers, importers, and dealers, and other related 
matters pertaining to road safety and environment protection. 
ARTICLE 
DEFINITION 
SECTION 4. Words and phrases defined. - As used in this Act; 
“Motor Vehicles” shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular 
power using the public highway but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, street-sweepers, 
sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders, forklifts, amphibian, trucks, and cranes if not used 
on public highways, vehicles which run only on rails and tracks, and tractors, trailers and engines 
of all kinds used exclusively for agricultural purposes. 
“Highwq’’ shall mean the entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly 
maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for the purpose of vehicular 
travel. 
“Owner” shall mean any person or entity in whose name the motor vehicle is registered 
with the Authority. The owner of a motor vehicle owned by the government or government- 
controlled corporation shall be the office, agency or bureau to which the motor vehicle belongs. 
“Component” shall mean any part of a motor vehicle such as engine, chassis and body or 
parts thereof. 
“Dealer” shall mean any duly accredited person, association, partnership, firm or 
corporation engaged in the assembly, manufacture, importation, buying and selling, rebuilding of 
motor vehicles or its components evidenced by a comercia1 invoice. 
“Director-General” shall mean the actual or acting chief of the national Land 
Transportation Authority duly appointed or designated by the President of the Republic of the 
Philippines. 
“Deputies ” shall mean the organic and duly authorized representatives of the Director 
General to carry out the provisions of this Act. 
‘Ygents” shall mean the duly designated representatives of the Director General 
authorized to assist in enforcing the provisions of this Act. 
‘Farking or parked” means that the motor vehicle has been brought to a stop on the 
shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and remains inactive in that place or closed thereto for an 


appreciable period of time. A motor vehicle which properly stops, merely to discharge a 
passenger or to take in a waiting passenger, or to load and unload a small quantity of freight with 
reasonable dispatch shall not be considered as “parked” if the motor vehicle again moves away 
without delay. 
“Driver” shall mean any person who is actual physical control of a motor vehicle in 
operation. 
“Professional Driver” shall mean any person hired or paid to operate a motor vehicle 
whether to private use or for hire to the public. Any person driving his own motor vehicle for 
business or for hire is a professional driver. 
Nothig in this definition shall prevent a 
professional driver from operating a private vehicle without compensation. 
“Non Professional Driver” shall mean any person operating any vehicle except a public 
utility vehicle, without compensation, 
“Conductor” shall mean a person assisting the driver of a public utility vehicle to ensure 
the safety of cargoes and/or passengers while said vehicle is in operation. 
“Certijicate of Public Convenience” shall mean the authorization issued by the Auhority 
for the operation of land transportation services for public use as required by law. 
“Authorized Route” shall mean the approved origin and destination points linked by a 
chain of highways and streets open for public use over which the service is authorized. 
“Pzcblis: Utzlzty Operator” shall mean the registered owner of the motor vehicles 
authorized for public utility operation by the Authority. 
“Abandonment of Service’’ shall mean the suspension or cessation of service by a public 
utility operator in its authorized route or portions thereof A partial abandonment of service is 
presumed when a public utility operator fails to field the authorized number of units on a route 
after due notice from the Authority. 
ARTICLE 
CREATION, POWERS AND FUNCTION 
SECTION 5. Creation of the NLTA. The National Land Transportation Authority 
(NLTA) is hereby created, hereinafter referred to as the Authority, which shall be attached to the 
Department of Transportation and Communications for purposes of policy coordination. 


SECTION 6. 
owers and Functions. To accomplish its mandate and objectives, the 
Authority is authorized to: 
(a) 
Prepare the National Land Transportation Development Program for approval by the 
NEDA Board; evaluate and package projects and investment program; and for this 
purpose, may call on any agency or organization whether public or private whose 
development plans include land transportation as integral part thereof, to participate in 
the preparation and implementation of such programs; 
(b) 
Enter into contract with domestic and foreign companies for services and products duly 
approved in the National Land Transportation Development Program; 
(c) 
Promulgate, administer and enforce standards of measurements, designs, and rules and 
regulations requiring owners of motor vehicles and operator of public land transportation 
services to equip, install and provide in their utilities and in their stations such devices, 
equipment, facilities and operating procedures and techniques as may promote safety, 
protection, comfort and convenience to persons and property in their charge, as well as 
the safety of persons and property within their areas of operation; 
(d) 
Issue, amend, revise, suspend or cancel certificates of public convenience or permits 
authorizing the operation of public utility land transportation services, and to prescribe 
the appropriate terms and conditions therefore and regulate the operation of public land 
transportation; 
(e) 
Identifi, establish, prescribe and regulate routes or service, economically viable 
capacities, zones or areas of operation of public land transportation services, adjust fares, 
freight rates and related charges; 
(9 Accredit and regulate the activities of motor vehicle and component manufacturers, 
assemblers, importers and dealers; the operation of driving schools; inspection stations 
for safety and smoke emission; clinics and laboratories to conduct medical examination; 
and insurance companies and other activities related to the function of the Authority. and 
psychological tests including alcohol and drug testing; 
(g) 
Establish rules and regulations for the inspection and registration of motor vehicle; 
issuance, suspension and revocation of driver’s licenses and permits, type approval for 
safety standards of motor vehicles and accessories; issuance of motor vehicle 
identification plates and validating stickers; 


Promulgate rules and regulations for the effective enforcement of all land transportation 
and traffic laws, rules and regulations and impose and collect fines and penalties for 
violations thereof. 
Make arrest for violations of the land transportation laws; 
issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum to compel the appearance of motor vehicle 
owners, drivers and other persons; 
Fix, impose and collect, and periodically review and adjust reasonable fees and other 
related charges for services rendered, as well as administrative fines for violation of 
pertinent laws, orders, rules and regulations, decisions and rulings; 
Compile, maintain and manage an integrated data center with appropriate 
communications linkages for records and statistics in land transportation including a 
uniform traffic violation accident and stolen motor vehicles reporting system; 
Generate non-tax revenues out of its assets, properties and services; 
Perform such other powers and knctions as maybe provided by law. 
SECTION 7. Governing Body. The governing board and policy making body of the 
Authority shall be vested in the Board of Directors composed of the following: 
1 . 
2. 
Secretary of Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC); 
Director General of the National Land Transportation Authority (NLTA), appointed by 
the President as Chief Executive Officer; 
Secretary of Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) 
Secretary of Department of Budget and Management @BM) 
3, 
4. 
J. 
c. 
6. 
7. 
Secretary of the Department of Finance @OF) 
Secretary of the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) 
A representative from the transport Sector to be appointed by the President 
The Board shall meet at least once a month and hold special meetings upon the call of the 
Chairman or any four members of the Board. A simple majority shall constitute a quorum to 
transact business and vote of at least a simple majority of the members present at which there is 
%I quorum shall be valid. 
ARTICLE 
ADMIMSTRATION 


SECTION% Executive Officers, 
The Authority shall be managed by a Director- 
General with the rank, salary and qualifications equivalent to a Department Undersecretary, who 
must have sufficient knowledge and background in land transportation management. Hehhe 
shall serve at the pleasure of the President. 
The Director-General shall be assisted by four Deputy Director Generals - for 
Administration and Finance, Plans and Operations, Franchising, and Law Enforcement and 
Adjudication - with rank, salary and privileges of an Assistant Secretary preferably a Career 
Executive Service Officer (CESO) possessing at least 10 years experience and practice in land 
transportation management and administration. 
The Regional Offices shall be headed by a Regional Executive Director under the direct 
supervision of the Director General with rank, salary and qualification equivalent to that of a 
Ilirector IV, possessing ten years experience in land transportation management, assisted by two 
Technical Regional Directors - one for Operations and another for Administration and Finance 
with rank, salary and qualification equivalent to Director 111, and with at least ten years 
experience in land transportation management. 
The above named executive officers of the Authority shall be appointed by the President 
upon recommendation of the Board. Within one year, all such officers shall apply and qualie 
for appointment as Career Executive Service officers. 
For purposes of a more rigid and effective implementation of the Act, the Director- 
General, shall create the Land Transportation District Offices (LTDO) to be headed by a Land 
Transportation District Director appointed by the Director-General. The LTDO shall have the 
rank, salary and privileges of a Director 11. The qualifications herein required for LTDO shall 
iipply to officials appointed pursuant to this law without prejudice to incumbent heads of LTO 
district offices regardless of their status. 
SECTION9. Powers of the Director-General. As Chief Executive OfEcer of the 
,4uthority, the fknctions and powers of the heads of the LTO, LTFRB, and OTC as provided 
under R.A. 4136 and CA 146 as amended as well as other laws otherwise not expressly defined 
in this Act are now deemed transferred, vested and exercised by the Director-General of the 
,4uthority; including the following: 
(1) 
Implement, enforce and apply the policies, programs, guidelines, procedures, rules and 
regulations promulgated, prescribed, issued and adopted by the Authority; 
Manage the affairs of the Authority and ensure the smooth operational efficiency of the 
national land transportation system; 
(2) 
7 


Sign contracts, approve expenditures and appoint and discipline employees below the 
level of Presidential appointees; 
To submit an annual budget to the Board for recurrent income and expenditures for 
adoption not later than one month before the commencement of the ensuing year; 
Undertake research, studies, investigations, projects and other related activities, and 
submit reports and recommendations to the Board for its information and or approval; 
engage the services of expertskonsultants either in full time or part time basis as may be 
required in the performance of his functions and duties as maybe determined by him 
subject to the approval of the Board; 
To designate as deputies government entities with traffic-related functions, civic action 
groups, Non-Government Organization (NGO) and Public Officers (PO) of good 
standing; 
Do any act or thing for the proper operation and administration of the Authority; 
Perform such other functions and duties as the Board may assign from time to time. 
SECTION 10. Staffing Pattern. The Director-General, subject to the approval of the 
shall determine the staffing pattern, the number of personnel and field offices of the 
Authority, the functions of the central office staff, the regional and district offices; define their 
duties and responsibilities and fix their qualifications, salaries and other emoluments. 
The Board shall act on the recommendation within (30) days &om its submission 
otherwise the recommendation shall be deemed approved and the same shall be implemented 
within 90 days from approval thereof. 
SECTION 11. Appointment and Discipline of Personnel. 
All officials of the 
Authority, except those appointed by the President, shall be selected and appointed on the basis 
of merit and fitness as established in a merit system program of the Authority consistent with 
Civil Service laws and regulations. 
The appointment of regional and district officials except those to be appointed by the 
President may be delegated by the director General to the Regional Executive Director. Except 
for the Director General, all officials to be appointed by the President shall be recommended by 
the Board. 
The power to discipline employees resides with the Director General. Appeals on the 
decision of the Director General may be submitted to the Board for reconsideration. Decisions 
of the Regional Directors may be appealed with the Director General. 
ARTICLE V 
FINANCE 


SECTION 12. Sources of Funds. Subject to the rules on government auditing, the 
equivalent of fifiy percent (50%) of its total annual revenue collections arising from registration 
of motor vehicle, licensing of drivers, franchising and other miscellaneous transactions shall be 
retained by the Authority to pay for its annual operations and capital expenditures. Under this 
!;ection, the Authority is also hereby afiowed to undertake the following: 
Funds generated from its own special projects not arising from its regular knctions shall 
be retained by the authority for employees’ welfare, subject to the approval by the Board. 
The Authority is authorized to contract loans, credits and other indebtedness as it may 
deem seem necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act. The obligations shall be the 
sole liability of the Authority unless guaranteed by the Republic of the Philippines. 
Revenue generated from fines and penalties including proceeds from public sale arising 
from law enforcement activities shall be retained by the Authority for its operational and 
maintenance requirements . 
The collection of motor vehicle registration fees shall be reinstated to defi-ay operational 
costs and maintenance of national regional facilities. 
The Director-General shall, every year, prepare and adopt estimates of income and 
expenditures and capital budget for the ensuing year. 
submitted to the Board for approval. 
Its annual budget shall be 
SECTION 13. Exemption From Taxes and Duties. The importation of equipment, 
machineries, software accessories and materials used directly in the operation of the Authority 
and which are otherwise not available locally on favorable terms, are exempted from all direct 
and indirect taxes, duties, fees, imposts and other charges and restrictions, the provisions of 
existing laws to the contrary notwithstanding. Provided, that, when the Authority disposes of 
mch equipment, machineries, sohare accessories and materials, the buyer of the same shall pay 
to the government the corresponding taxes and duties as assessed by the Bureau of Internal 
Revenue and Bureau of Customs. 
ARTICLE VI 
REGULATION OF PUBLIC UTILITY VEHICLES 
SECTION 14. Administrative Permits. Notwithstanding the provision of any law to the 
contrary, the issuance of permits to operate public utility vehicles shall be administratively 
processed based on rules and regulations/guidelines that the Authority shall promulgate within 
BO days subject to the approval of the Board. 


Without prejudice to the provisions of R.A. 7160, otherwise known as the Local 
Government Code of 1991, the permit to operate public utility vehicles shall be issued by the 
Authority. 
SECTION 15. 
Operation of Public Utility Vehicles. No motor vehicle shall be 
operated as a public conveyance or for hire without possessing a valid and subsisting franchise 
zmdlor permits issued by the Authority, 
All existing franchises and permits issued prior to the affectivity of this Act shall remain 
valid up to the date of its expiry as indicated in the certificate or permit. Any subsequent 
transaction related thereto shall now be processed and issued pursuant to the rules and 
regulations of the Authority. 
SECTION 16. Rate Fixing. For purposes of fixing of rates of public utility vehicles, the 
Director General shall undertake the necessary studies, after due consultation with the involved 
sectors, and recommend the same to the Board for approval. 
SECTION 17. 
Appeals. 
Any decision related to the issuance of permits and 
orders in whatever form by the Director General may be appealed to the Board within fifteen 
(15) days from the date of receipt. Decisions and orders issued by officials properly delegated to 
issue permits may be appealed to the Director General within fifteen (15) days fkom date of 
receipt. 
In all cases where the aggrieved parties are not satisfied with the resolution of the 
authority, such decisions may be appealed to the President of the Philippines for final 
administrative disposition. 
Any decisions related to the issuance of permits or any other orders in whatever form by 
the appropriate officials of the LTA may be appealed in the following manner: 
I. 
Decisions of orders of the Director-General appealable to the Board within a period of 15 
days computed from the date of receipt of said decision appealed from; The decision of 
the Board shall be final and executory. 
2. 
Decisions of Regional Executive Director to issue permits for P W  pursuant to the 
immediately preceding paragraph may be appealed to the Director-General within a 
period of 15 days from receipt of the decision being appealed from. 


SECTION 18. Penalties. In order to ensure strict adherence and compliance to the 
conditions of the permit issued, the Director-General, subject to the approval of the Board, shall 
promulgate the necessary procedures for the imposition of sanctions and appropriate schedule of 
penalties for any violation of the conditions of the permit and impose the same. 
SECTION 19. Authority to Impose Penalties. 
The Director-General is hereby 
empowered to impose penalties and sanctions in the form of cancellation, revocation, 
suspension, fines and other forms of penalties allowable by law or any combination thereof for 
violations of the terms and conditions of the permit. Subject to approval of the Board, the 
Ilirector-General shall promulgate it set of guidelines containing he administrative procedures in 
the imposition of sanctions including the schedule of penalties. 
ARTICLE WI 
DISPOSITIQN OF SEIZED VEHICLE 
COMPQNENTS AND ACCESSORIES 
SECTION 20. 
Disposition of Impounded Vehicles. 
All motor vehicles 
impounded, including the confiscated accessories confiscated and which are abandoned by their 
owners for failure to pay the fines and/or serve the penalties imposed thereon within six (6) 
months, shall be sold and disposed of by the Authority in public auction under the following 
conditions: 
(a) 
The owners of said impounded vehicles shall be given appropriate written notice 
on the auction sale with the option to redeem said property afier paying all 
charges within fifteen (15) days Erom receipt of such notice, or to participate in 
the public auction. The proceeds of the public auction shall be applied to all liens, 
fines, fees and penalties accruing in favor of the Authority provided that the 
remainder shall be returned to the registered owner. 
(b) 
An impounded vehicle without a known owner or lawful claimant, or afier three 
notices in newspapers of national circulation, shall be sold at public auction after 
publication of the notice of public sale. The proceeds thereof shall be applied to 
the lien of the government with the remaining amount credited to the Authority 
for use in its law enforcement activities. 
, ARTICLE 
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS 


SECTION 21. Abolition. 
The Land Transportation Office, the Land Transportation 
Franchising and Regulatory Board and the Office of Transport Cooperatives in the Department 
of Transportation and Communications and the TMG of the PNP and Traffic Enforcement 
Gkoup of MMDA are hereby abolished. Properties, assets and liabilities, all powers and duties, 
rights and chooses of actions, vested by law or exercised by said abolished offices and its 
predecessors are hereby transferred to the Authority. 
SECTION 22. Holdover Functions. To ensure smooth transition into the structure of 
the Authority, all officers and employees of the defbnct LTO, LTFRB, OTC, TMG of the PNP 
and the TEG of MMDA shall continue to exercise their usual functions, duties and 
responsibilities unless otherwise directed. 
The Authority shall ensure that all present employees of the abolished agencies shall be 
ixxmnmodated without diminution of their salaries as a result of the reorganization. Oflicials 
;and employees who opt to retire during the reorganization shall receive, in addition to retirement 
benefits and pensions granted under .the existing retirement law, an additional two (2) months 
salary for every year of service. An amount corresponding to the retirement benefits of all 
employees opting to retire shall be held in reserve by the National Treasury to pay for this 
purpose. Provided, that, employees who have opted to retire and who have received retirement 
benefits will no longer be eligible for employment in the Authority. 
SECTION 23. Saving Clause. All orders, rules, regulations, permit, licenses, decisions 
and privileges which have been issued, made, granted or allowed to become effective by the 
former LTO, LTFRB, OTC, TMG of PNP and TEG of X/INDA or its predecessors, shall 
continue to be in effiect according to their terms until modified, terminated, superseded, set aside 
or repealed. 
ARTICLE M 
PENAL AND OTaER PROVISIONS 
SECTION 24. Penalty for Violations, The Authority, subject to the approval of the 
Board, shall issue guidelines and schedule of fines and penalties for violations committed under 
this ACT. 
SECTION 25. Punishment for Other Offenses. The conviction of any person for any 
offense under this Act shall not bar his prosecution for any other offenses which may have been 
committed by such person concurrently with the commission of the offense of which he was 
convicted or in doing the act or series of acts which constituted the offense of which he was 
convicted. 
12 


SECTION 26. 
of Court. It is hereby made the duty of clerks of the 
regional trial courts, municipal trial courts trying traffic violation cases to certlfl to the Authority 
the result of any case, whether criminal or civil, involving violations of any provisions of this 
Act, or other laws and ordinances relating to motor vehicles. 
Said certificates shall be 
specifically contained the name of the driver or owner of the vehicle involved, his address, the 
number of his license and/or the certificate of registration of his vehicle, the date thereof and the 
offense for which he was convicted or acquitted. 
ARTICLE X 
COLLECTIBN OF F'EES, TAXES AND FINES, 
LIENS, ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS 
SECTION 27. Collection of Fees; National and Local Taxes; Toll Fees. The collection 
of all fees, taxes and fines, under the provisions of this Act shall be made in accordance with the 
regulations to be prescribed by the Authority subject to the approval of the Board. 
a) 
No taxes or fees other than those prescribed in this Act shall be imposed for the 
registration or operation or on the ownership of any motor vehicle, or for the 
exercise of the profession of driver, by any local government, the provisions of 
any charter to the contrary notwithstanding; provided however that any provincial 
board, city or municipal council or board or other competent authority may enact 
or collect such reasonable and equitable toll fees for the use of such bridges and 
ferries within their respective jurisdiction as may be authorized and approved by 
the proper authorities, and also for the use of such public roads as may be 
authorized by the President of the Philippines upon the recommendation of the 
proper authority. 
b) 
Lien Upon Motor Vehicles. 
Any balance of fees for registration, renewal 
registration or delinquent registration of a motor vehicle remaining unpaid and all 
fines imposed upon any vehicle owner shall constitute a first lien upon the motor 
vehicle concerned. The Director-General is hereby vested with the authority to 
issue a warrant of constructive or actual distraint or levy to any owner of motor 
vehicle who has any balance of fees for registration, renewal or delinquent 
registration of a motor vehicle remaining unpaid which upon demand by the 
Director-General or his deputies executing such warrant, the owner of the vehicle 
shall surrender the same at the time demanded, except when the attachment or 
execution is under any judicial process. 
Any owner who fails or refuses to 
surrender any of such property or vehicle not surrendered shall be punished by a 
fine not exceeding the amount of the fees, including penalties and interest, if any, 
for the collection of which such warrant has been issued, together with the cost 
and interest if any until surrendered. 


ARTICLE X 
FINAL PROVISION 
SECTION 28. No local government shall enact or enforce any ordinance or resolution in 
conflict with the provisions of this Act, or prohibiting any deputy or agent of the authority to 
enforce this Act, within their respective territorial jurisdiction and the provisions of any charter 
it0 the contrary notwithstanding. 
SECTION 29. Appropriations. To carry out effectively the provisions of this Act 
tiuring the transition period, the amount equivalent to thirty five percent (35%) of the collection 
fbr the year is hereby appropriated in addition to the appropriations provided in the General 
Appropriation Act of the LTO, LTFRB, OTC, TMG and TEG. 
SECTION 30. Separability Clause. If for any reason, any section or provision of this 
Act is declared to be unconstitutional or invalid, the other sections or provisions hereof which are 
not affected shall continue to be in full force and effect. 
SECTION 3 1. Repealing Clause. AI1 acts, decrees, orders, and instructions or parts 
thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are repealed and modified accordingly. 
SECTION 32. Effectivity. This act shall take effect thirty (30) days after approval and 
publication in the Official Gazette. 
, 
Approved,