Republic of the Philippines 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Quezon City 
NINETEENTH CONGRESS 
First Regular Session 
HOUSE BILL NO. ____ 
Introduced by HON. LUIS RAYMUND “LRAY” F. VILLAFUERTE, JR. 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
In the case of Exconde v. Capuno, 101 Phil 843, the Supreme Court ruled that the 
provision of Article 2180 of the Civil Code applies only to institutions of arts and trades 
and, therefore, the teachers and the head of academic educational institutions cannot be 
held liable for the negligent acts of its students. 
There is no substantial difference between institutions of arts and trades and academic 
educational institutions insofar as concerns the proper supervision and vigilance over 
their pupils or students. Academic teachers are not exempt from the duty of watching 
that their students do not commit a tort to the detriment of third persons, so long as they 
are in the position to exercise authority and supervision over their students. 
Considering the dissenting opinion of former Justice J.B.L. Reyes and the proliferation of 
not only institutions of arts and trade but also academic education institutions, there 
would be no sound reason for limiting Article 2180 of the Civil Code to teachers of arts 
and trades only. Hence, this bill seeks to include academic educational institutions under 
the coverage of Article 2180. 
In view of the foregoing, the approval of this bill is earnestly sought. 
LUIS RAYMUND “LRAY” F. VILLAFUERTE, JR. 
November 10, 2022
2:54 pm
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Republic of the Philippines 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Quezon City 
NINETEENTH CONGRESS 
First Regular Session 
HOUSE BILL NO. ____ 
Introduced by HON. LUIS RAYMUND “LRAY” F. VILLAFUERTE, JR. 
AN ACT 
AMENDING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 386, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CIVIL CODE, 
ARTICLE 2180, TO INCLUDE ACADEMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS  
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
Congress assembled: 
SECTION 1. Article 2180 of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as the Civil Code of 
the Philippines is hereby amended to read as follows: 
“Article 2180. The obligation imposed by Article 2176 is demandable not only for one’s 
own acts or omissions, but also for those persons for whom one is responsible. 
The father, and in case of his death or incapacity, the mother is responsible for the 
damages caused by the minor children who live in their company. 
Guardians are liable for damages caused by the minors or incapacitated persons who 
are under their authority and live in their company. 
The owners and managers of an establishment or enterprise are likewise responsible for 
damages caused by their employees in the service of the branches in which the latter are 
employed or on the occasion of their function. 
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Employers shall be liable for the damages caused by their employees and household 
helpers acting within the scope of their assigned tasks, even though the former are not 
engaged in any business or industry. 
 
The State is responsible in like manner when it acts through a special agent, but not 
when the damage has been caused by the official to whom the task done properly 
pertains, in which case, what is provided in Article 2176 shall be applicable. 
 
Lastly, teachers or heads of establishments of arts and trades OR ACADEMIC 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS shall be liable for damages caused by their pupils and 
students or apprentices, so long as they remain in their custody. 
 
The responsibility treated of in this article shall cease when the persons herein 
mentioned prove that they observed all the diligence of a good father of a family to 
prevent damage.” 
 
SECTION 2. Repealing Clause. – Any law, presidential decree or issuance, executive 
order, letter of instruction, administrative order, rule or regulation contrary to, or 
inconsistent with, the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, modified or amended 
accordingly. 
 
SECTION 3. Effectivity Clause. – This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its 
publication in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation. 
 
Approved,