Republic of the Philippines 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Quezon City 
NINETEENTH CONGRESS 
First Regular Session 
HOUSE BILL NO. ____ 
Introduced by HON. LUIS RAYMUND “LRAY” F. VILLAFUERTE, JR.,  
HON. MIGUEL LUIS R. VILLAFUERTE, HON. TSUYOSHI ANTHONY G. 
HORIBATA AND HON. NICOLAS ENCISO VIII 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
Poverty incidence among Filipinos in the first semester of 2021 increased to 23.7% from 
21.1% in the first semester of 2018 based on Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) data. This 
was based on a poverty threshold in 2021 of P14,498 for half a year or P2,416.33 per month 
which represents the amount a Filipino needs, on the average, to meet his basic food and 
non-food requirements.1 
These facts show that poverty is not being eradicated at a significant magnitude and pace that 
would truly improve the lives of Filipinos throughout the country. Hence, there is still a major 
need to enhance government strategy in helping our country rise from this persistent problem. 
This bill aims to actively involve various sectors of the society in the fight against poverty, and 
recognize social enterprises as key partners in poverty reduction. A Social Enterprise, as 
defined in the proposed bill, refers to a social mission-driven organization that conducts 
economic activities directly related to improving the well-being of the poor and marginalized 
sectors. It explicitly declares and pursues poverty reduction as its principal objective.  
Moreover, the bill aims to promote people's participation and empowerment; establish 
sustainable programs that reduce inequality in incomes and increase self-reliance among the 
poor; and develop effective and opportunities for the provision of quality and accessible social 
services to the poor, among others.  
In view of the foregoing, the passage of this bill is earnestly sought. 
LUIS RAYMUND “LRAY” F. VILLAFUERTE, JR. 
 MIGUEL LUIS R. VILLAFUERTE 
TSUYOSHI ANTHONY G. HORIBATA 
NICOLAS ENCISO VIII 
1 https://cpbrd.congress.gov.ph/2012-06-30-13-06-51/2012-06-30-13-36-50/1439-ff2022-07-poverty-statistics-
update-first-semester-2021 
July 18, 2022
5:29 pm
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Republic of the Philippines 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Quezon City 
NINETEENTH CONGRESS 
First Regular Session 
HOUSE BILL NO. ____ 
Introduced by HON. LUIS RAYMUND “LRAY” F. VILLAFUERTE, JR.,  
HON. MIGUEL LUIS R. VILLAFUERTE, HON. TSUYOSHI ANTHONY G. 
HORIBATA AND HON. NICOLAS ENCISO VIII 
AN ACT  
INSTITUTIONALIZING THE POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH SOCIAL 
ENTREPRENEURSHIP (PRESENT) PROGRAM AND PROMOTING SOCIAL 
ENTERPRISES WITH THE POOR AS PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
Congress assembled: 
CHAPTER I 
GENERAL PROVISION 
SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the “Poverty Reduction Through 
Social Entrepreneurship (PRESENT) Act”. 
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. – The State shall promote a just and dynamic 
social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free 
the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, 
promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for 
all. The State shall provide social justice in all phases of national development and 
that the State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect 
for human rights. 
The goals of the national economy are a more equitable distribution of 
opportunities, income, and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and 
services produced by the nation for the benefit of the people; and an expanding 
productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all, especially the underprivileged. 
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The State shall promote industrialization and full employment based on sound 
agricultural development and agrarian reform, through industries that make full and 
efficient use of human and natural resources, and which are competitive in both 
domestic and foreign markets. 
The State also recognizes the important role of enterprises in the economy as 
the major agent of development, creating off-farm employment opportunities and 
providing transitional means for improving the livelihood of the people. 
Towards this end, the State shall pursue an inclusive growth strategy that 
promotes an environment conducive to the development and growth of a vibrant social 
enterprise sector engaged in poverty reduction, economic and social development. It 
shall empower the poor as primary stakeholders in social enterprises, establish 
mechanisms essential to realizing their potential and achieving their full growth, and 
extend the assistance necessary for their advancement. The State shall likewise 
provide technical and financial assistance, incentives and other services to enable 
Social Enterprises to develop into viable and vital anti-poverty agents, and a strong 
social entrepreneurship movement that will be instrumental in reducing poverty in the 
country. 
SECTION 3. Definition of Terms. — The following terms when used in this Act shall 
mean: 
a)
Social Enterprise or SE refers to a social mission-driven organization in the
form of an association, single proprietorship, partnership, corporation,
cooperative, people organization, non-stock non-profit and people’s
organizations or any other legal form that conducts economic activities
providing goods and/or services directly related to their primary mission of
improving the well-being of the poor, basic and marginalized sectors and
their living environment. A social enterprise explicitly declares and pursues
poverty reduction as its principal objective by purposefully rendering both
transactional and transformational services. An SE engages and invests in
the poor to become effective workers, suppliers, clients and/or owners and
ensures that a substantive part of the wealth created by the enterprise is
distributed to or benefits them. In addition to reinvesting its surplus or profits
back to the enterprise to sustain the fulfillment of its social mission, a SE
also uses it surplus or profits and mobilizes other resources to assist the


 
4
poor to become partners in SE or value chain management and governance 
and to become partners in community, sectoral and societal transformation.  
A single proprietorship, partnership or corporation must fulfill the 
eligibilities set forth in Section 14 to avail of the benefits and incentives 
under this Act. 
b) 
Government-Procuring Entity refers to any branch, department, office, 
agency, or instrumentality of the government, including state universities 
and 
colleges, 
government-owned 
and/or 
-controlled 
corporations, 
government financial institutions, and local government units procuring 
Goods, Consulting Services and Infrastructure Projects;  
c) 
Basic Sectors, as defined by Republic Act 8425 or the "Social Reform and 
Poverty Alleviation Act", refer to the disadvantaged sectors of Philippine 
society, namely: farmer-peasant, artisanal fisherfolk, workers in the formal 
sector and migrant workers, workers in the informal sector, indigenous 
peoples and cultural communities, women, persons with disabilities, senior 
citizens, victims of calamities and disasters, youth and students, children, 
and urban poor; 
d) 
Economic Subsectors refer to networks of related actors, and enterprises 
performing various functions in value chains. These actors and enterprises 
transform raw materials into finished products, or develop services, and 
distribute or provide them through market channels to final consumers; they 
may be identified by key raw material source, by finished product or final 
service provided. An economic subsector may be comprised of several 
competing value chains. By understanding the dynamics of economic 
subsectors and using them as units of planning social entrepreneurship 
interventions, government agencies, support institutions and SES shall 
more effectively reach and benefit a greater number of poor in poverty 
reduction programs; 
e) 
Marginalized Sectors refer to groups of people who are stigmatized or 
excluded by virtue of their physical, psychological, economic, social or 
cultural circumstance; 
f) 
Poor, as defined by Republic Act 8425, refers to individuals and families 
whose income fall below the poverty threshold as defined by the National 
Economic and Development Authority and/or cannot afford in a sustained 


 
5
manner to provide their minimum basic needs of food, health, education, 
housing and other essential amenities of life; 
g) 
Poverty Reduction refers to overcoming the income, resource and 
capability deprivation among the poor, basic and marginalized sectors; 
h) 
Social Enterprise Service Institution refers to an organization that provides 
assistance to SES for them to become viable and sustainable and which 
assistance pertains to supplying needs such as trainings, education and 
other capacity-building measures, research and development, and other 
similar activities; 
i) 
Transactional Services refer to enterprise or market-driven activities, such 
as providing loans, demonstrating new technologies or conducting trainings 
that are necessary for the poor in the SE system to effectively and efficiently 
perform their roles as workers, suppliers, clients and owners. Transactional 
services may be fee-based, such as the granting of loans, or non-fee based, 
such as the extension of production-related trainings; 
j) 
Transformative Services refer to activities that empower the poor, such as 
leadership formation, organizational development, financial and legal 
literacy, asset build-up and providing education and experiential learning 
opportunities, to become conscious change agents for themselves, for their 
communities, sectors and society as a whole; 
k) 
Value Chains refer to value-adding economic activities that an enterprise is 
interlinked within the process of producing goods and/or services to serve 
its chosen market. A value chain typically consists of: 1) raw materials 
processing, 2) inbound distribution or logistics, 3) manufacturing 
operations, 4) outbound distribution or logistics, 5) marketing and selling, 
and 6) after-sales service. These activities are supported by 6) purchasing 
or procurement, 7) research and development, 8) human resource 
development, and 9) organizational development. A SE that understands 
and manages its value chain improves its capability to create economic, 
environmental and social values towards improving the position and 
benefits of the poor in the value chain and towards ensuring the viability 
and sustainability of the enterprise; and 
l) 
Living Wage refers to the amount of family income needed to provide for 
the family's food and non-food expenditures with sufficient allowance for 


 
6
savings/investments for social security so as to enable the family to live and 
maintain a decent standard of human existence beyond mere subsistence 
level, taking into account all of the family's physiological, social and other 
needs. 
 
CHAPTER II 
POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH SOCIAL ENTERPRISES 
 
SECTION 
4. 
Formulation 
of 
a 
Poverty 
Reduction 
Through 
Social 
Entrepreneurship (PRESENT) Program. — The PRESENT Program shall be 
established as a flagship program of government. The objective of the PRESENT 
Program is to progressively improve the position and benefits derived by a big number 
of the poor, marginalized and basic sectors derived from economic subsector 
development and growth. It shall do this by identifying strategic economic subsectors 
with the potentials for growth and where the poor are concentrated or could be major 
players. In the process, it shall identify and develop key SEs and resource institutions 
as partners in providing transactional and transformational services towards poverty 
reduction. SES shall be developed as vehicles to ensure that the poor benefit the most 
from sustainable subsector development. 
The formulation of the PRESENT program shall be guided by the following 
principles: 
a)  
Promoting sustainable programs that support the development of inclusive 
value chains in key economic subsectors, towards reducing inequality in 
incomes and increase self-reliance among the poor; 
b)  
Enabling SEs to overcome constraints and to take advantage of 
opportunities for enhancing the position and benefits of the poor and their 
living environments including those that harness innovative approaches in 
addressing social problems; 
 c)  Development of sustainable mechanisms for the provision of quality and 
accessible social services to the poor; 
d)  
People's empowerment by ensuring the participation of the poor, basic and 
marginalized sectors; 
e)  
Gender-sensitivity by ensuring women's equal rights and access to SE's 
resources; 


 
7
f)  
Ecological soundness in the pursuit of sustainable and equitable 
development;  
g)  
Incorporation of the PRESENT Program in the government's poverty 
reduction drive as a major sustainable and comprehensive strategy; and 
h)  
Rationalization of poverty reduction programs by streamlining and 
coordinating the various anti-poverty programs of the government to reduce 
inefficiency and duplication and to improve the effectiveness of each 
program. 
The planning framework of the PRESENT Program and its planning process 
shall ensure that the poor are engaged as primary stakeholders. It shall add value and 
complement ecosystem-based, area-based, community-based and other tools and 
processes in local economic development by promoting and utilizing the economic 
subsector as a strategic unit of analysis and planning SE development interventions. 
PRESENT medium-term and annual development plans shall be formulated in 
synchrony with the medium-term development plan of the national government. 
 
SECTION 5. National Enterprise Development Council. — The existing Micro, 
Small and Medium Enterprise Development (MSMED) Council, which is an attached 
agency of the Department of Trade and Industry, shall be strengthened and expanded 
to effectively spur the growth and development of MSMES and SES throughout the 
country, and to carry out the policy declared under this Act. It shall now be known as 
the National Enterprise Development Council, herein referred to as the Council. 
In addition to the existing functions of the Council as provided under Republic 
Act 9501 or the "Magna Carta for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises", the Council 
shall serve as the primary agency tasked to carry out the promotion, growth and 
development of social enterprises in the country. To ensure that the Council is able to 
fulfill its additional mandate, there shall be an SE Committee under the Council that 
shall perform the following specific duties: 
a)  
Promote social enterprise as a key strategy for reducing poverty and 
enabling inclusive growth; 
b) 
Provide oversight for the implementation of the PRESENT Program and 
activities of the Center for Social Enterprise Development (CSED): 
c)  
Establish policies, plans, programs and projects to develop and promote 
SE as a tool for poverty reduction as part of a comprehensive Social 


 
8
Enterprise Development Plan fully integrated and consistent with national 
development objectives and plans; 
d)  
Monitor and evaluate the performance of programs and projects of CSED 
for appropriate incentives; 
e)  
Submit annual and other periodic reports to the President and the Congress 
of the Philippines; 
f)  
Promulgate such rules and regulations and exercise such other powers and 
functions as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act; and  
g)  
Perform such other functions as may be necessary for its effective 
operations and the continued enhancement, growth and development of 
the SE sector.  
The SE Committee shall be composed of the DTI, relevant council members and 
the following representatives from the SE Sector and SE Service Institutions to 15 
realize these powers and functions: 
a)  
Nine (9) representatives from SEs, three (3) representatives each from the 
main island groupings of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao;  
b)  
Three (3) representatives from SE service institutions; and 
c)  
Three (3) representatives from SE advocacy groups. 
 
SECTION 6. Center for Social Enterprise Development. — There shall be 
established a Center for Social Enterprise Development (CSED) under the supervision 
of the Council and to be headed by an Executive Director, which shall have the primary 
responsibility of implementing comprehensive policies for Social Enterprise 
Development. Specifically, the CSED shall be responsible for: 
a)  
The development and implementation of the PRESENT Program as 
approved by the Council, with the following components: 
1.  
Formulation and implementation of social entrepreneurship-oriented 
strategic economic sub-sector development plans that shall serve as 
the basis for major policies, projects and activities; 
2.  
Capacity Building and Sustainability - The CSED will work with 
qualified 
Social 
Enterprise 
Service 
Institutions 
and 
other 
intermediaries to design and deliver training and education in social 
entrepreneurship development, institutional start-up or strengthening, 
human resource competency and skills training, business planning 


 
9
and advisory services, upgrading of accounting and auditing systems, 
technical assistance for the installation or improvement of 
management 
information 
systems, 
technology 
intervention, 
technology incubation/commercialization, business market studies, 
and product development competitiveness, matching activities, trade 
fairs and missions, policy advocacy, disaster resiliency and other 
related activities. 
3.  
Research and Development - The CSED in coordination with the 
NEDA, DOST, DTI, and other appropriate agencies, research 
institutions, and intermediaries, shall develop and enhance a research 
and development system that: 
i.  provides studies on opportunities for poverty reduction and SE 
development in key economic subsectors and other inputs for the 
Council to undertake strategic planning for programs and projects;  
ii.  equips SES and support institutions with services and technologies 
that are appropriate for enhancing the participation and benefits of 
the poor in various economic subsectors; and 
iii. equips SES and support institutions with innovative, and 
sustainable approaches to improve access of the poor to quality 
basic social services. 
4. Information and Marketing Assistance - The CSED shall promote the 
development and expansion of local and foreign markets for the 
products and services of SES. Towards this, the CSED shall: 
i.  establish a marketing assistance program that will assist SES 
match supply with demand in both domestic and foreign markets, 
as well as promote SE products and services through tri-media, 
trade fairs and trade missions; and 
ii. develop install and sustain a market information system for SES 
with the assistance of the DTI and DOT. All government 
departments, agencies, bureaus, research institutions, as well as 
the Local Government Units (LGUs) shall consolidate and 
continuously update all relevant information and data that would be 
of use to SES on a periodic basis and make such data available in 
a dedicated website on the internet. 


 
10
b) 
Establishment and implementation of criteria and process for the 
qualification of SES that shall be eligible for support and other incentives as 
provided by this Act and as approved by the Council; 
c) 
Identification of sources of financing for the SE sector not limited to grants, 
loans and equity financing for enterprise incubation, start-up and 
expansion; 
d) 
Management of multi-stakeholder convergence programs and activities 
among government agencies and private organizations in support of the 
PRESENT Program; 
e) 
Coordination with the concerned government agencies and local 
government units in the development and implementation of the PRESENT 
Program and projects. 
f) 
Coordination with social enterprise stakeholders, including people's 
organizations, non-government organizations, and multi-sectoral and multi-
disciplinary pool of experts from the academe, practicing professionals, 
business, industry, youth, women and other concerned sectors to provide 
advice and technical assistance on matters pertaining to SEs. 
 
SECTION 7. Role of LGUs in SE Development. —  LGUs shall be encouraged to 
incorporate viable SE development plans in their local plans and collaborate with SEs. 
 
SECTION 8. Social Enterprise Development Fund. — There shall be included in the 
budget of the DTI under the annual General Appropriations Act an initial amount of 
Nine Hundred Million Pesos (P900,000,000.00) for the establishment of a Social 
Enterprise Development Fund (SEDF) which shall be utilized as grants to SES for the 
plans set forth under the PRESENT program. 
The SEDF shall be allocated for: 
a) 
Six Hundred Million Pesos (P600,000,000.00) for value-chain financing; 
and 
b) 
Three 
Hundred 
Million 
Pesos 
(P300,000,000.00) 
for 
enterprise 
development services. 
 After the first year of implementation, such sums as may be necessary to fund 
the SEDF shall be included in the budget of the DTI under the annual General 
Appropriations Act. 


 
11
Plans for the utilization of the SEDF shall be developed by the CSED for approval 
by the Council. 
 
CHAPTER III 
INCENTIVES AND BENEFITS FOR SOCIAL ENTERPRISES 
 
SECTION 9. Special Credit Windows. —  The Land Bank of the Philippines, 
Development Bank of the Philippines and other government financial institutions shall 
establish special credit windows for the unique needs of SEs that are backed by a 
guarantee fund, as provided by Section 10 of this Act, for the following purposes: 
a) 
Credit line for business development loan or working capital loan to cover 
the operational and management expenses of an existing business or 
income generating project, including receivable financing or purchase of 
additional inventory, soft or intangible investments such as trade fair 
participation or acquisition of software or franchise development packages; 
b) 
Fixed assets financing to cover acquisition of fixed assets like machineries 
and equipment, motor vehicle, or acquisition of lot for project site or 
construction of a plant and building and the improvement thereof; 
c) 
Value chain financing to cover any of the value chain activities such as 
production, processing and marketing; 
d) 
Domestic letter of credit or trust receipt to provide a stand-by credit facility 
for the SE borrower for the purchase of product inputs, equipment, 
machinery, implements, and spare parts, whereby payment of which is 
guaranteed and to be made to the seller by the lending institution, provided 
all documents conform with the terms and conditions of the credit; and 
Revolving Credit Line for re-lending to finance the livelihood project 
requirements of end-borrowers. 
 
SECTION 10. Social Enterprise Guarantee and Surety Fund. — There shall be 
established a Social Enterprise Guarantee and Surety Fund (SEGSF) which shall be 
funded from equity contributions of government financial institutions. The SEGSF shall 
be administered by the Small Business Corporation to enable SEs to access non-
collateralized and other appropriate financing while mitigating the risks involved in SE 
sector lending, The SEGSF shall be used to provide guarantee cover to participating 


 
12
financial institutions and other parties in extending financing to SEs: Provided, That 
the fund may also be used to cover the performance bond of SEs for their transactions. 
 
SECTION 11. Compliance to Mandatory Allocation of Credit Resources. — Loans 
granted by financial institutions to Social Enterprises shall be computed by the Bangko 
Sentral ng Pilipinas as twice the loan amount for purposes of determining financial 
institutions' compliance to the mandatory allocation of credit resources to micro, small 
and medium enterprises under Republic Act 9501 or the "Magna Carta for Micro, Small 
and Medium Enterprises." 
 
SECTION 12. Public Procurement for Social Enterprises. — The Government 
Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) shall facilitate the full participation of social 
enterprises in public procurement processes. In support of this provision, the DBM 
shall direct agencies of government to allocate at least ten percent (10%) of their 
annual budgets specifically for projects to be procured from social enterprises. 
 
SECTION 13. Insurance for Social Enterprises. — The Insurance Commission shall 
issue the necessary rules and regulations and implement measures to ensure that the 
insurance industry shall provide insurance products, both life and non-life, for social 
enterprises and their stakeholders among the poor. Furthermore, social enterprises 
shall be eligible to be licensed agents or delivery channels for their clients and 
constituents. 
 
SECTION 14. Cash Incentives for Persons with Disabilities. — To level the playing 
field and in recognition of the circumstances of start-up SEs primarily employing 
PWDs, the SEDF created in Section 8 of this Act shall provide a cash incentive for 
every PWD, in accordance with Republic Act 7277 or the "Magna Carta for Disabled 
Persons", and other marginalized sectors as may be provided by this law, representing 
at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the daily minimum wage, until such time that the 
said SE is able to achieve financial sustainability. 
 
SECTION 15. Eligibility for Benefits and Incentives. — In the case of social 
enterprises organized as stock corporations, partnerships or sole proprietorships, the 


 
13
following requirements shall apply to become eligible for benefits and incentives 
provided by his Act: 
a) 
A social enterprise must not be organized as a branch, subsidiary or 
division of a private business enterprise, regardless of the size of such 
private business enterprise, nor may its policies be determined by a private 
business enterprise: Provided, That this shall not preclude a SE from 
accepting subcontracts from large private business enterprises or firms or 
from joining in cooperative or joint-venture activities with other SES or 
foundations practicing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). 
b) 
At least sixty percent (60%) of a social enterprise's total expenditures and 
profits plows back to the enterprise for the benefit of the poor, and engage 
in practices that optimize the benefits for the poor through the provision of 
living wages, above-market pricing for economically disadvantaged 
producers and suppliers, and other such best practices that distribute the 
profit generated by the enterprise. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
APPROPRIATION AND OTHER PROVISIONS 
 
SECTION 16. Social Entrepreneurship Education in Schools. — Toward 
strategically   developing the nation's human resource capability in social 
entrepreneurship, the DepEd, TESDA and the CHED shall cause the integration of SE 
content and inclusion of SE courses in the curricula at all levels, especially in the 
secondary and tertiary levels. A continuing social entrepreneurship education program 
for out-of-school youth and adults shall likewise be developed and undertaken. 
 
SECTION 17. Social Enterprise Week. — In order to institute continuing awareness 
on the importance of SEs as a viable government strategy in pursuing poverty 
alleviation, the week of the month when this Act shall have been signed into law shall 
be declared as the "Social Enterprise Week" and shall be celebrated annually. The 
Council shall, through the CSED, be responsible in organizing activities for the event. 
 
SECTION 18. Appropriations. — The Council shall allocate the initial amount of Fifty 
Million Pesos (P50,000,000.00) from the existing MSMED Council Fund to support the 


 
14
operations and programs of the CSED. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary 
for the continued implementation of this Act shall be included in the budget of the DTI 
under the annual General Appropriations Act. The budgetary requirements of the 
cooperating agencies shall be, incorporated in their respective budgets. The CSED 
may raise funds from other sources for specific projects as may be authorized by law. 
 
SECTION 19. Transitory Provision. — Within a period of five years, the NEDC shall 
facilitate the development and dissemination of tools, and invest in the development 
of the capability of SEs to plan, monitor and evaluate their social and financial 
performance and outcomes. Further, the NEDC shall evolve socially-acceptable 
benchmarks for evaluating the performance of SEs and incorporate such to more 
effectively develop and regulate the sector. 
 
SECTION 20. Implementing Rules and Regulations. — Within ninety (90) days from 
the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Trade and Industry shall, in consultation and 
coordination with the concerned government agencies, promulgate the necessary 
rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act. 
 
SECTION 21. Separability Clause. — If any portion or provision of this Act is 
subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional, other provisions hereof which are 
not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect. 
 
SECTION 22. Repealing Clause. — All other laws, acts, presidential decrees, 
executive orders, presidential proclamations, issuances, rules and regulations, or 
parts thereof which are contrary to or inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Act 
are hereby repealed, amended, or modified accordingly. 
 
SECTION 23. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its 
publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation. 
 
Approved,