Republic of the Philippines 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Quezon City 
TWENTIETH CONGRESS 
First Regular Session 
HOUSE BILL NO. _________ 
Introduced by:  REP. SALVADOR A. PLEYTO, SR. 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has given rise to 
sophisticated technologies, including "deepfakes." Deepfakes are synthetic 
media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with 
someone else's likeness, which is generated through artificial intelligence (AI) 
and deep learning algorithms. While AI offers numerous benefits, deepfake 
technology, when used maliciously, poses significant threats to individuals, 
society, and democratic processes. 
Typically, deepfakes are used to purposefully spread false information 
or they may have a malicious intent behind their use. They can be designed 
to harass, intimidate, demean, and undermine people. Deepfakes can also 
create misinformation and confusion about important issues.  The rise of 
deepfakes poses significant challenges to various parts of society, from politics 
to business, to personal. 
This proposed House Bill aims to proactively counter these threats by 
establishing a legal framework to prohibit the malicious creation, distribution, 
and use of deepfake technology. The bill recognizes the urgent need to protect 
individuals from reputational damage, prevent the spread of misinformation 
and disinformation, safeguard the integrity of public discourse, and mitigate 
potential interference in elections and other critical societal functions. 
By defining prohibited acts and imposing appropriate penalties, the bill 
aims to protect individuals and society from the malicious exploitation of AI, 
while also striving to uphold fundamental rights and foster responsible 
technological advancement. Its successful implementation will depend on 
clear definitions, robust enforcement mechanisms, and a balanced approach 
to technological innovation and individual freedoms. 
In view of the above, the immediate consideration of this measure is 
hereby earnestly sought. 
SALVADOR A. PLEYTO, SR.      
August 11, 2025
10:11am
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Republic of the Philippines 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Quezon City 
TWENTIETH CONGRESS 
First Regular Session 
HOUSE BILL NO. _________ 
Introduced by:  REP. SALVADOR A. PLEYTO, SR. 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
AN ACT PROHIBITING THE MALICIOUS CREATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND 
USE OF DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR, 
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES 
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines 
in Congress assembled: 
Section 1.    Short  Title. - This  Act  shall  be  known  as the "Anti- 
Malicious Deepfake Act of 2025." 
Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. - It is hereby declared the policy of the 
State to protect the integrity of information, uphold individual rights to 
privacy, dignity, and reputation, and safeguard public trust and democratic 
processes from the malicious manipulation and deceptive use of deepfake 
technology. The State recognizes the potential benefits of artificial intelligence 
and synthetic media for legitimate purposes, but also acknowledges the grave 
risks posed by their misuse, including the spread of disinformation, fraud, 
harassment, and damage to personal and public interests. 
Sec. 3. - Definition of Terms. - For purposes of this Act, the following 
terms shall mean: 
a. Artificial Intelligence (AI) – refers to a machine-based system that can,
for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions,
recommendations, 
or 
decisions 
influencing 
real 
or 
virtual
environments.
b. Deepfake – refers to any video, audio, image, or other digital content
that has been substantially altered, manipulated, or generated using
artificial intelligence or machine learning techniques to depict a
person's appearance, voice, or actions, or to create a false event or
scenario, in a manner that would falsely appear to a reasonable person
to be authentic or truthful. This includes, but is not limited to, synthetic
media that:
i. Appears to authentically depict any speech or conduct of
a person who did not in fact engage in such speech or conduct. 
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ii. Alters the appearance or voice of a person to create a 
realistic but fake visual or auditory content.  
 
c. Malicious Deepfake – refers to a deepfake created, distributed, or 
used with the intent to deceive, defraud, harass, defame, incite violence, 
spread disinformation, cause emotional distress, damage reputation, or 
otherwise cause harm to an individual, group, or the public, without 
the consent of the depicted individual(s) or with the intent to mislead 
about a matter of public concern.  
 
d. Consent – refers to the voluntary, informed, and unequivocal 
agreement of an individual, or their legal guardian in the case of a minor 
or incapacitated person, to the creation, distribution, or use of a 
deepfake depicting them.  
 
e. Online Platform – refers to any online service provider, social media 
company, content hosting service, or any other digital platform that 
enables users to create, upload, share, or disseminate deepfake 
content.  
 
f. Takedown Request – refers to a formal request made by an individual 
or their authorized representative to an online platform or the 
Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) for 
the removal of a malicious deepfake. 
 
Sec. 4. Prohibited Acts. - It shall be unlawful for any person to 
knowingly create, distribute, or use a malicious deepfake. This shall include, 
but not be limited to, deepfakes created, distributed, or used for the following 
purposes: 
 
a. Non-Consensual Intimate Deepfakes: Creating or distributing a 
deepfake that depicts an identifiable individual engaging in sexually 
explicit conduct, nudity, or other intimate acts without their consent, 
regardless of whether the depicted individual is a minor or an adult.  
 
b. Defamatory Deepfakes: Creating or distributing a deepfake that 
falsely portrays an identifiable individual in a manner that is libelous, 
slanderous, or otherwise damaging to their reputation.  
 
c. Fraudulent Deepfakes: Using a deepfake to impersonate an 
individual for financial gain, identity theft, or to induce another person 
to take action or refrain from taking action to their detriment.  
 
d. Political Disinformation Deepfakes: Creating or distributing a 
deepfake concerning a candidate in an election or a public official, with 
the intent to injure the candidate's or public official's reputation or to 
deceive voters or the public, within sixty (60) days of an election.  
 


e. Incitement to Violence or Hatred Deepfakes: Creating or distributing 
a deepfake that incites violence, hatred, discrimination, or terrorism 
against any individual or group based on their race, ethnicity, religion, 
gender, sexual orientation, disability, or any other protected 
characteristic.  
 
f. Harassment, Stalking, or Blackmail Deepfakes: Using a deepfake to 
harass, stalk, intimidate, or blackmail an individual. 
Sec. 5. Transparency and Disclosure. 
 
a. Any person who creates or distributes a deepfake that is not a 
malicious deepfake, but which could reasonably be mistaken for 
authentic content, shall clearly and conspicuously disclose that the 
content is artificially generated or manipulated. Such disclosure shall 
be:  
 
i. 
Visually apparent, such as a watermark or text overlay, for 
visual content.  
 
ii. 
Audibly clear, such as an audio disclaimer, for audio 
content.  
 
iii. 
Included in the metadata of the digital file.  
 
b. Online platforms shall implement mechanisms to enable and 
encourage such disclosures and shall develop policies to address non-
compliance with this section. 
 
Sec. 6. Exemptions. - The provisions of Section 4 shall not apply to: 
 
a. The creation or use of deepfakes for purposes of parody, satire, 
artistic expression, or educational content, provided that such 
deepfakes include clear disclaimers indicating their synthetic nature 
and do not fall under the definition of a malicious deepfake.  
 
b. Lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activities 
of a law enforcement agency or intelligence agency.  
 
c. Deepfakes created or used in good faith for legitimate news reporting, 
public interest commentary, or documentary purposes, provided that 
appropriate disclaimers are included. 
 
Sec. 7. Takedown and Removal Mechanism. 
 
a. The Department of Information and Communications Technology 
(DICT) shall establish and maintain a "Deepfake Takedown Portal" 
within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act. This portal shall 
serve as a centralized system for individuals to file verified takedown 
requests for malicious deepfakes.  


 
b. Upon receiving a verified takedown request, the DICT shall: i. Process 
the request within twenty-four (24) hours. ii. Notify the relevant online 
platform(s) of the malicious deepfake and the takedown request.  
 
c. Online platforms shall:  
i. Establish clear and accessible procedures for users to report 
malicious deepfakes.  
 
ii. Upon notification from the DICT or a direct verified report from 
a user, remove or disable access to the flagged malicious deepfake 
content within forty-eight (48) hours.  
 
iii. Implement measures to prevent the re-uploading of content 
that has been identified and removed as a malicious deepfake.  
 
d. Failure of an online platform to comply with the takedown and 
removal requirements under this section shall subject them to the 
penalties provided herein. 
 
Sec. 8. Penalties. 
 
 
a. Any person who violates Section 4(a) (Non-Consensual Intimate 
Deepfakes) shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal and a fine of 
not less than Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00) but not 
more than Five Million Pesos (P5,000,000.00). If the victim is a minor, 
the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than One 
Million Pesos (P1,000,000.00) but not more than Ten Million Pesos 
(P10,000,000.00).  
 
b. Any person who violates Section 4(b) (Defamatory Deepfakes), 
Section 
4(c) 
(Fraudulent 
Deepfakes), 
Section 
4(d) 
(Political 
Disinformation Deepfakes), Section 4(e) (Incitement to Violence or 
Hatred Deepfakes), or Section 4(f) (Harassment, Stalking, or Blackmail 
Deepfakes) shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor and a fine of not 
less than One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) but not more 
than One Million Pesos (P1,000,000.00).  
 
c. Any person who violates Section 5 (Transparency and Disclosure) 
shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor and a fine of not less than Fifty 
Thousand Pesos (P50,000.00) but not more than Two Hundred 
Thousand Pesos (P200,000.00).  
 
d. Online platforms that fail to comply with Section 7(c)(ii) (Takedown 
and Removal Mechanism) shall be liable to a fine of not less than One 
Million Pesos (P1,000,000.00) but not more than Five Million Pesos 
(P5,000,000.00) per incident, without prejudice to other civil or criminal 
liabilities.  
 


e. The penalties provided in this Act shall be without prejudice to any 
civil action for damages that may be brought by the aggrieved party 
under existing laws.  
 
f. All proceedings under this Act, particularly those involving non-
consensual intimate deepfakes, shall be kept confidential to protect the 
victim's identity. 
 
Sec. 9. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction. - The provisions of this Act shall 
apply to any person who commits any of the prohibited acts outside the 
territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines, provided that the malicious deepfake 
targets or causes harm to a Filipino citizen or resident, or is intended to affect 
public discourse or elections within the Philippines. The Department of 
Justice, in coordination with relevant international bodies, shall take 
necessary steps to pursue such offenders. 
 
Sec. 10. Joint Congressional Oversight Committee. - A Joint 
Congressional Oversight Committee shall be created to monitor the 
implementation of this Act, review its effectiveness, and recommend necessary 
amendments every three (3) years from its effectivity. The Committee shall be 
composed of three (3) members from the Senate, to be designated by the 
Senate President, and three (3) members from the House of Representatives, 
to be designated by the Speaker of the House. 
 
 
Sec. 11. Appropriations - The amount necessary for the initial 
implementation of this Act, including the establishment and maintenance of 
the Deepfake Takedown Portal, shall be charged against the current 
appropriations of the DICT. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary for 
its continued implementation shall be included in the annual General 
Appropriations Act. 
 
Sec. 12. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - Within ninety (90) days 
from the effectivity of this Act, the DICT, in coordination with the Department 
of Justice (DOJ), the National Privacy Commission (NPC), and other relevant 
agencies, shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations for the 
effective implementation of this Act. 
 
Sec. 13. Separability Clause. - If any provision or part of this Act is 
declared unconstitutional or invalid, the remaining parts or provisions not 
affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect. 
 
Sec 14. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, orders, rules, and 
regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are 
hereby repealed or modified accordingly. 
 
Sec. 15. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its 
complete publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers 
of general circulation. 
 
Approved,