FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC 
) 
OF THE PHILIPPINES 
) 
First Regular Session 
) 
SEN~1E 
S. No. 
.1078 
M(;~"'ln~ 1''1: ,(:t-~.-
Introduced by Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago 
~' 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 
Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near 
surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. The global average air 
temperature near the Earth's surface rose 0.74 f 0.18 "C (1.33 =k 0.32 "F) during the last 100 
, 
years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes, "Most of the 
observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely 
due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse 
effect. 
Climate models referenced by the IPCC project that global surface temperatures are 
likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4 "C (2.0 to 11.5 OF) between 1990 and 2100. The range of values 
results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models 
• 
with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, 
warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a millennium even if 
greenhouse gas levels are stabilized.! This reflects the large heat capacity of the oceans. 
An increase in global temperatures is expected to cause other changes, including sea level 
rise, increased intensity of extreme weather events, and charges in the amount and pattern of 
precipitation. Other effects include changes in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, species 
extinctions, reduced summer stream flows and increases in the ranges of disease vectors. 
! Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth 
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change (2007-02-05), Retrieved on 2007-02-02. 
1 


Changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation may result in flooding and drought. There 
may also be changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. 
Due to these concerns, a topographical map should be crafted to identify the low-lying 
areas of the Philippine territory, vulnerable to rising sea levels as result of global warming. 2 
2 Originally filed during the Fourteenth Congress, First Regular Session. 
2 


':'~k' ~\i ~. r f: 
FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC 
) 
"''*>'1'..,\0 fl" . 
,F\:~'h;:'. I;. i(; hr 
OF THE PHILIPPINES 
) 
First Regular Session 
) 
SEN.J\Ili, 
S. No. 
.l~ 78 
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-----------------------------------------------------------------+/1· 
~CIi'\vEP !:IV" ... _".".," .. ,,~ 
Introduced by Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago 
''0 
1 
AN ACT 
2 
TO DIRECT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, 
3 
THROUGH THE NATIONAL MAPPING AND RESOURCE INFORMATION 
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AUTHORITY, TO IDENTIFY THE LOW-LYING AREAS OF THE PHILIPPINE 
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TERRITORY, VULNERABLE TO RISING SEA LEVELS AS RESULT OF GLOBAL 
6 
WARMING 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
8 
Congress assembled: 
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SECTION I. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Topographical Map of Low-
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Lying Areas in the Philippines Act of2007." 
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SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. - It is the policy of the State to promote the public 
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health, safety, and general welfare; to further the orderly layout ofland and identification oflow-
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lying areas vulnerable to rising sea levels as a result of global warming; to establish the 
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procedure for vacating these areas in the ,event of imminent danger caused by global warming. 
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SECTION 3. Department of Environment and Natural Resources: The National Mapping 
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and Resource Information Authority; Local Government Units. - Within one (1) year after the 
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affectivity of this act, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) through 
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the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) is directed to submit a 
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topographical map of the Philippines, identifying the low-lying areas vulnerable to rising sea 
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levels as result of global warming. It shall contain proper identification of lands bordering sea 
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levels, in consultation with the applicable local government units, to come up with the most 
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accurate data. 
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SECTION 4. Appropriation of Funds. Seventy Million (PhP 70,000,000.00) Pesos is 
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herein appropriated from the National Treasury to fund the activities covered in this Act. 
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SECTION 5. Separability Clause. - If any provision or part thereof, is held invalid or 
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unconstitutional, the remainder of the Ia,w or the provision not otherwise affected shall remain 
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valid and subsisting. 
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SECTION 6. Repealing Clause. - Any law, presidential decree or issuance, executive 
2 
order, letter of instruction, administrative order, rule or regulation contrary to, or inconsistent 
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with the provisions of this Act is hereby repealed, modified or amended accordingly. 
4 
SECTION 7. Effectivity Clause. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its 
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publication in at least two (2) newspapers,of general circulation. 
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