EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
Second Regular Session
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SENATE
S.B. No. 2161
INTRODUCED BY SENATOR RISA HONTIVEROS
AN ACT
PROTECTING AND PROMOTING THE RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND NON­
DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF RACE, ETHNICITY AND RELIGION
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Article III, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution provides for equai protection of the 
iaws. It is the duty of the state to protect its citizens against undue favor, hosOie 
discrimination, or oppression. Moreover, the Phiiippines is a signatory to the Intemationai 
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Intemationai 
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) of the United Nations which guarantee and 
ensure respect for the human rights of every individual, without discrimination of any 
kind as to race, skin color, sex and gender identity, language, religion, political or other 
opinion, national or soa'al origin, property, birth or other status, and to adopt such 
legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to those rights.
However, this does not happen in the realities of life, like the different and adverse 
treatment or discrimination against Muslims/MORO people and Indigenous Peoples or 
Lumads/ Highlanders In Mindanao and elsewhere in the Philippines, This bill seeks to 
prohibit discriminatory acts based on race, ethnicity, and religion.
Among others, this measure prohibits acts of discrimination such as refusal to 
employ an applicant, denying or limiting access of an employee to work benefits and 
opportunities, denial of access to medical or health services open to the general public, 
and denial of entry or access to any facility and assembly that are open to the general 
public. It also prohibits the discriminatory portrayal of groups as religiously, racially, or 
ethnically inferior in learning Institutions, books, learning materials, and teaching devices.
Violators stand to face jail time and may be required to pay a fine, depending on 
the severity of the act. This bill will help protect the rights of MORO and indigenous 
peoples In the country. Discriminatory attitudes or practices will not be corrected by 
legislation alone, but these legislative sanctions are still part of what should be a holistic 
response to such discrimination. In view of the forgoing, the passage of this bill is 
earnestly sought.
RISA HONTIVERO: 
Senator


EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
Second Regular Session
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SENATE
S.B. No. 216*1
INTRODUCED BY SENATOR RISA HONTIVEROS
AN ACT
PROTECTING AND PROMOTING THE RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND NON­
DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF RACE, ETHNICITY AND RELIGION
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Phiiippines in Congress 
assembied:
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, Section 1. Short Tide. - TTiis Act shall be known as the "Equality and Non-
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Discrimination on Race, Ethnicity and Religion Act."
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Sec. 2. Deciaratbn ofPoiicy. - As enshrined in the Constitution, It is the policy of
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the State to:
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a. Maintainpeaceandorder, protect life, liberty and property, and to promote
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the general welfare for the enjoyment of the blessings of democracy by all
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people;
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b. Promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and
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Independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through
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polities that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a
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rising standard of living and an improved quality of life;
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c. Recognize and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities
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within the framework of national unity and development; and
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d. Give the highest priority to the enactment of measures that shall protect
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and enhance the right of all people to human dignity; reduce sotial,
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economic and political Inequalities; and remove cultural inequities by
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equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.
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It is also the policy of the State to uphold human dignity and equality of all persons,
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regardless of race, age, gender, ethnicity or religion, consistent with Its obligations as
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State Party to various international human rights Instruments, particularly the Universal
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Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the
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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International


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Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Rights
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Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against
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Women. As such the state shall not allow the commission of acts which directly or
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indirectly derogate these fundamental human rights.
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Sec. 3. Zfe/f/7/»cv7 0/r7Sr7775.-Asused inthisAct:
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a. Discrimination refers to any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference
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made on the basis of race color, descent, national or ethnic origin, religion,
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or religious affiliation or beliefs which has the effect or purpose of impairing
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or minifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise on an equal footing, of
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the human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political economic
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sodal cultural, civil or any other field of public life of a person.
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Discrimination Includes incitement to discrimination and harassment.
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b. Education and Training refers to all types and levels of education and
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training, and shall Include access, standard and quality of education and
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training, and the conditions under which these are given.
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c. Employment refers to the condition where an employer-employee
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relationship exists as determined by existing law and jurisprudence,
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including those pertaining to terms, conditions and privileges relating to
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work in public and private Institutions, such as recruitment policies,
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application procedures, training. Incentives, compensation, determination
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of benefits or allowances, promotion, advancement opportunities, transfer
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and dismissal.
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d. Ethnic Origin refers to the classification of people based on common color,
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racial, national, tribal, religious, ethno-linguistic or cultural origin or
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background.
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e. Ethno-Enguistic Group refers to a group of people that shares a distinct
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language, cultural Inheritance and history that give them a unique Identify
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and which has racial, ethnic and religious bases.
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f. Goods and Services refers to the material and non-material products or
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things of value offered for sale to satisfy needs and wants for survival,
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comfort, or pleasure such as those provided by restaurants, resorts, hotels,
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dubs, stores and shopping malls; or acts or services provided by credit or
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financial establishments, public 
utilities and services, professionals,
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maintenance and repair workers, laborers and similar workers.
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g. Housing and other accommodation refer to a house, apartment,
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condominium, townhouse, fiat, motel, boarding house, hotel, dormitory.


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shelter, elderly home, rehabilitation facility, orphanage, health facility 
Including a mental health facility, detention center, camping ground and 
other analogues places.
h. Indigenous Cultural Communities and Indigenous peoples refer to a group 
of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and 
ascription by others, who have continuously lived as an organized 
community on communally bounded and defined territory and who have, 
under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed 
and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, 
tradition and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through 
resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non- 
indigenous religious and culture, become historically differentiated from 
the majority of Rlipinos. Indigenous cultural communities and indigenous 
peoples shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on 
account of their descent from the populations which Inhabited the country, 
at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non- 
Indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state 
boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural 
and political Institutions, but who may have been displaced from their 
traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral 
domains.
I. Religious Affiliation or Belief refers to the profession or non-profession of 
religion or beliefs of one's choice that may be pubHcly manifested In 
worship, practice and teaching.
j. Stereotype refers to a thought adopted about specific kinds of religions or 
ethnicities or persons who practice a specific religion or who belong to a 
specific ethnic background, specifically with reference to their beliefs and 
ways of doing things, which are based upon oversimplified opinions or 
intolerant attitudes, regardless of whether such thoughts or beliefs 
accurately reflect reality.
k. Stereotyping refers to any act or combination of acts which result in the 
singling out or profiling of a person or class of persons based on a 
stereotype as defined in the immediately preceding paragraph, which 
results in a derogatory attitude towards any person or any derogatory 
treatment against such person or class of persons.


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I. Vehicle refers to a train, ship, bus, taxi, car, or aircraft, and such other 
forms of public conveyance and transport.
Sec. 4. Acts of Discrimination. - It is uniawful for any person, naturai or juridical, 
to perform any act involving a distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on 
race, color, descent or national or ethnic origin, religion, or religious affiliation or beliefs 
which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or 
exercise on an equal footing of any human right or fundamental freedom in the political, 
economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field of public life.
An act is deemed discriminatory when a person requires another person to comply with 
a term, condition or requirement which are not reasonable, having regard to the 
circumstances of the case; or the other person does not or cannot comply with the term, 
condition or requirement; and the requirement to comply has the purpose or effect of 
nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise on an equal footing by 
persons of the same race, color, descent or national or ethnic origin, religion, or religious 
affiliation or belief.
Sec. 5. Prohibited Acts. - The following acts of discrimination, when committed on 
the basis of race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin, religion, or religious affiliation 
or beliefs against a person or any of one's relative, representative or assignee of that 
person, are deemed discriminatory, and shall be prohibited:
a. Discrimination in Political Participation. - A person acting as principal or as 
an agent shall be held liable for the commission of any of the following 
acts:
1. Preventing, impeding, prohibiting, obstructing, or intervening in the 
exercise of political rights by another, including the right to vote and 
be voted upon in a national or local election, both regular or special, 
or in a plebiscite, both initiative or referendum;
2. Imposing onerous terms before these political rights are granted, 
preserved or protected; or
3. Subjecting another person who wants to exercise a political right to 
any act of discrimination.
b. Discrimination In Employment. -
1. An employer or head of a firm, company or organization shall be 
held liable for any of the following discriminatory acts:
I. Refusing or failing to employ another for work of any type or 
kind which Is available and for which the person is qualified, 
or by imposing on the person onerous terms or conditions;


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11. Denying or limiting access of an employee to the same terms 
and conditions of work, opportunities for training, transfer or 
promotion, or to other benefits connected with the 
employment as are made available for other employees 
having the same qualifications and employed in the same 
circumstances or work of the same kind or type, or by 
imposing on the person onerous terms and conditions; or 
Dismissing an employee, or subjecting an applicant for
III
employment or an employee to any act of discrimination on 
account of one's employment.
2. A person acting as principal or agent in procuring employment for 
other persons or procuring employees for an employer shall be held 
liable for treating an applicant seeking employment less favorably 
than another person In the same circumstances who is likewise 
seeking employment.
3. A person acting as principal or agent of any organization of 
employers or employees, or any person acting or purporting to act 
on behalf of such organization, shall be liable for preventing or 
seeking to prevent a person from offering employment to another 
or for preventing the continued employment of a person; and
4. A person responsible for providing the proper facilities mandated by 
law to those whose physical disabilities reduce their range of 
mobility who fails to make reasonable efforts to make these facilities 
available or accessible.
c. Discrimination in Education and Training. - A person who heads or owns 
an educational or training institution, including any officer, employee or 
person acting on behalf of the head or owner of such institution shall be 
liable for any of the following discriminatory acts:
1. Refusing or failing to admit a student, or expelling a student from 
an educational or training institution on the basis of religious 
affiliation or belief, without prejudice to the right of educational 
institutions to determine the academic qualifications and non- 
academic training requirements of their students;
2. Denying or limiting access of a student to any benefit or privilege 
provided by the Institution;


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3. Failing to make reasonable efforts to make facilities accessible to 
people whose disabilities reduce their range of mobility; and
4. Subjecting the student to any other act discrimination against one's 
right to relevant education and training.
d. Discnmination in the Delivery of Goods and Services. - A person acting as 
principal or agent who supplies goods or services to the public or to any 
section of the public shall be liable for any of the following discriminatory 
acts:
1. Refusing or failing on demand to supply those goods or services to 
a person;
2. Refusing or failing on demand to supply those goods or services to 
another person except on less favorable terms or conditions than 
those upon whom they would otherwise supply those goods or 
services; or
3. Subjecting another person to any other act of discrimination in 
connection with the provision of goods or services.
4. Denying access to medical or health services open to the general 
public, and denying application for a license, clearance, certification 
or any other document issued by government authorities or other 
entities, with no lawful, valid or reasonable grounds.
e. Discrimination in the Acquisition, Possession, Utilization, Lease or Disposal 
of Lands, including Housing and other Accommodations. -
1. A person acting as principal or agent in the acquisition, possession, 
utilization, leasing or disposal of lands or interest thereof, Including 
housing and other accommodations, shall be liable for any of the 
following discriminatory acts:
i. Refusing or failing to accept or process the application for 
any land or interest thereof; Including housing and other 
accommodations;
ii. Disposing of such land or interest, or housing and other 
accommodations to another person on less favorable terms 
or conditions than those which are or would otherwise be 
offered;
Hi. Treating another person who is seeking to acquire or has 
acquired an estate, land or interest thereof, housing and


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Other accommodations less favorably than to others in the 
same circumstances;
iv. Refusing to permit another person to occupy any estate, 
land, housing and other accommodations;
V. Excluding any estate, land or interest thereof of another 
person or rejecting the right of another person to occupy any 
estate, land or housing and other accommodations;
vi. Subjecting an applicant to any other act of discrimination in 
the acquisition, possession, utilization, lease or disposal od 
estate, land or interest thereof, housing and other 
accommodations; and
vii. Imposing or seeking to impose on another person any term 
or condition that limits the persons or class of persons who 
may be the clients, visitors or guests of any land or residential 
or business accommodation, on the basis of any grounds that 
would constitute discrimination.
f. Discrimination in Access to Public Places, Facilities and Public Meetings. - 
A person acting as principal or agent shall be liable for any of the following 
discriminatory acts:
1. Refusing to allow another person access to or use of any place, 
vehicle or facilities that the general public or section thereof is 
entitled or allowed to enter or use;
2. Refusing to allow another person access to or use of any such place, 
vehicle or facilities by providing onerous terms of conditions not 
similar to others who are allowed access to or use of the place, 
vehicle, or facilities;
3. Refusing to allow another person access to a meeting or assembly 
open to the general public or to a section thereof, or refusing to 
allow another access to a meeting or assembly by providing onerous 
terms or conditions not similar to others to which they would 
otherwise allow access to a meeting or assembly;
4. Requiring another person to leave or to stop the use of any public 
place, vehicle or any such facilities;
5. Subjecting a person to a denial of access to public places, facilities 
or public meetings; or


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6. Falling to make reasonable efforts to make facilities accessible to 
people whose disabilities reduce their range of mobility.
g. Discrimination in Advertisements/Mass Media - It shall be unlawful for a 
person to publish or display, or cause or permit to be published or 
displayed, an advertisement or notice that indicates or could reasonably be 
understood as an act of discrimination. Any person acting as principal or 
agents shall be liable for discrimination for:
1. Portraying certain persons in movies, films, and advertisements on 
television and other audio-visual forms and other publicity 
accessible documents as stupid, barbaric, savage, dirty, wild, 
ignorant, stupid and similar degrading or unrealistic portrayals; or;
2. Publishing, displaying, or causing or permitting to be published or 
displayed an advertisement or notice that indicates or could 
reasonably be understood as an act of discrimination.
h. Disciimination by Wrongful Portrayal. - A person acting as principal or 
agent shall be held liable for portraying, imitating, depicting or describing 
in learning institutions, instructional materials, teaching devices, books and 
reference materials, espedally in Civics and History, certain Individuals 
and/or group's as inferior religiously, racially or ethnically.
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Discrimination through Speech, Utterances, Acts of Hatred and Similar 
Acts. - Any person shall be held liable for delivering speechless or making 
utterances, performing acts of hatred or violence against another person, 
or mocking or ridiculing another person on account of one's ethnidty, race, 
or religious affiliation or belief.
j. Discrimination through Analogous Acts that Result in Impairment of the 
Enjoyment of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. - A person acting 
as principal or agent shall be liable for analogous acts which have the effect 
or purpose of Impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise 
of the person's human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, 
economic, social, cultural, civil spheres or any other field of public life, and 
where such rights and freedoms are guaranteed and consistent with 
relevant International human rights instruments to which the Philippines Is 
a State Party thereof, and where such analogous acts are committed on 
the basis of race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin, religion, or 
religious affiliation or beliefs.


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k. Discrimination by Engaging in Profiting. - A person acting as principal or 
agent, including any member of the military or law enforcement agendes, 
shall be held liable for subjecting a person or a group or groups of persons 
to Investigatory activities, such as unnecessary, unjustified, illegal and 
degrading searches and similar acts, which are unlawful, immoral or 
sodally unacceptable.
l. Discrimination through Abuses of State and Non-State Actors. - A 
government offidal or employee of any government offidal or employee of 
any government agency or corporation, local government unit, police, 
military, or any law enforcement agency, induding non-estate actors, shall 
be liable if that offidal or employee commits acts of harassment, verbally 
or physically, to curtail freedom of movement of any person or group of 
persons, or to extort a favor from the latter, whether finandal or not. These 
shall include acts of involuntary detaining or confining a person or group 
of persons. These shall not indude legitimate orders Issued by persons in 
authority or courts of justice.
Sec. 6. Person/s Liable. - Any person, natural or juridical, including a government 
agency or a private corporation. Institution or company, vriio performs a discriminatory 
act as described in the proceeding section shall be liable under this Act.
Sec. 7. Inciting Others to Commit Acts of Discrimination. - Any person acting 
prindpal or agent shall be liable for:
a. Indting the performance of an act that Is unlawful by reason of an act that 
is unlawful by reason of a provision of this Act; or
b. Assisting or promoting, whether by financial assistance or otherwise, the 
performance or perpetration of such an act.
Sec. 8. Creation of a Non-discrimination and Equal Opportunity Committee. - In 
order to ensure compliance with this Act, all agencies, corporations, companies, 
organizations, and educational and/or training institutions, whether private or public, as 
well as any person providing employment, housing, education and the delivery of basic 
goods and services shall create a Non-Discrimination and equal Opportunity Committee, 
hereinafter referred to as the Non-Discrimination Committee, hereinafter referred to as 
the Non-Discrimination Committee, which shall exerdse administrative jurisdiction to 
investigate acts and practices of discrimination under this Act.
The Non-Discrimination Committee shall conduct the initial investigation of cases 
constituting discrimination on the basis of race, ethnic background, religion, religious


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affiliation or beliefs. The result and findings of such Investigation shall be refen’ed to the
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appropriate government agencies for resolution, settlement or prosecution.
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Any administrative sanction on the perpetrator of discrimination shall not be a bar to any
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prosecution in the proper courts on any act of discrimination committed on the basis of
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race, ethnic background, religion, religious, affiliation, religious beliefs, or to any civil
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claims for damages suffered by the victims of discrimination.
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The failure of any juridical entity, whether public or private, to ensure effective
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implementation of this provision shall be deemed refusal to address discrimination and
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shall be considered as an act of discrimination, subject to the penalty provided for in
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Section 11 hereof.
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Sec. 9. Duty of the Commission on Human Rights (CHR). - It shall be the duty of
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the commission on Human Rights (CHR), in coordination with the National Commission
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on Indigenous People (NQP), the National Commission on Muslim Rlipinos (NCMF), the
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Qvil Service Commission and other relevant government agenda, to protect and
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promote the right of all persons against discrimination. Towards this end, the CHR shall:
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a. Assist government agendes In the development and review of procedures
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for the investigation, resolution, settlement, or prosecution of acts of
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discrimination;
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b. Monitor the Implementation of this Act by agencies, corporations,
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companies, organizations and educational and/or training institutions,
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whether private or public;
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c. Promulgate appropriate rules and regulations for the investigation of
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discrimination cases and the administrative sanctions therefor;
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d. Establish guidelines and mechanisms that will facilitate access of
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discriminated persons to legal remedies under the Act and related laws,
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and enhance the protection and promotion of the rights of the Filipino
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people against discrimination;
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e. coordinate with the Department of Education (DepEd), the Commission on
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Higher Education (CHED), state universities and colleges, public or private,
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and technical education and skills development authority (TESDA) for the
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promotion of understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity in schools
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and other learning modalities, and ensuring that books, reference
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materials, and other learning resources used In education programs are
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free from discriminatory content;
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f. conduct consultations with Indigenous peoples, ethno-linguistic groups
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and religious organizations or religious communities; and
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g. Assist in the fiiing of cases against individuais, agencies, institutions, or
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establishments, whether public or private, that violate the provision of this
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Act. For this purpose, the CHR shall:
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1. Provide legal assistance to victims of discrimination such as through
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the preparation of necessary pleadings, referral letters, and
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counseling;
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2. Forge Memoranda of Agreement with lawyers' associations,
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nongovernmental organizations, law firms and organizations that
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provide legal aid to victims of discrimination to ensure adequate and
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competent legal representation for the complainants;
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3. Accredit lawyers who will accept cases under this Act, pro bono; and
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4. Create an effident system of case referrals to appropriate
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government department agencies.
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Sec. 10. Responsibility to promote a Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity
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Environment. - It shall be the duty of every person, natural or juridical, public or private,
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to ensure non-discrimination and equal opportunity to all persons when relating to actual
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or prospective employees, students, tenants, customers, or dients and that no
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discriminatory acts, as defined herein, are committed by them or their agents.
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All government officers and workers are likewise obliged to promote and observe equality
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and non-discrimination in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities.
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Sec. 11. Common Pena! Provisions. - Any person found liable for violating any
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provision of this Act shall penalized by arresto mayor or imprisonment for a period of not
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less than thirty (30) days or not more than six (6) months and/or a fine of not less than
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Ten thousand pesos (10,000) nor more than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000),
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taking into consideration the drcumstances and gravity of the offense, and the following
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conditions:
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a. The penalty provided under this Act shall be imposed In its maximum
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period if the offender has been previously convicted under this Act;
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b. When the offender is a corporation, partnership or association, the officer,
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agent or employee thereof who is responsible for the violation of this Act
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shall suffer the penalty imposed in its maximum period;
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c. The penalty provided herein shall be Imposed In its maximum period when
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the perpetrator is an ascendant, parent, guardian, stepparent, or collateral
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relative within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity of the victim,
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or is the manager or owner of an establishment which has no license to
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operate or whose license has expired or has been previously revoked;
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d. The offender who is a foreigner shaii be deported immediately after service
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of sentence and shall be perpetually barred entry into the country;
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e. The penalty provided for in this act shall be imposed In its maximum period
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if the offender is a public official, officer or employee provided, that the
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penalty of suspension shall also be imposed.
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Sec. 12. Administrative Proceedings and Sanctions. - Upon finding by the Non-
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Discrimination Committee that a department, agency, or instrumentality of government,
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government-owned and controlled corporation, or local government unit has violated any
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provision of this Act and Its implementing rules and regulations, the sanctions under
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administrative law, civil service law, rules and regulations, or other appropriate laws shall
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be recommended to the Qvil Service Commission, or the Department of Interior and Local
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Government, in the case government offidajs or employees, or to the Department of
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Labor, in the case of officers and employees of private corporations or entities. The person
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directly responsible for tiie violation as well as the head of the agency or local chief
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executive shall be held liable under this Act.
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The failure of a head of agency, government official or employee whose duty is to
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prosecute or otherwise act on a complaint for a violation of this Act shall constitute neglect
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of duty on the part of such official or employee.
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Sec. 13. Reparation to Victims. - In addition to existing laws and procedural rules
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or reparation to victims, the following measures shall be undertaken:
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a, The court, administrative agency, or quasi-judidal body shall follow the
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prindples relating to the reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including
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restitution, compensation and rehabilitation: In their dedsions, the court,
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administrative agency, or quasl-judidai body may, either upon request or
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on their own violation, in exceptional drcumstances, determine the scope
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and extent of any damage, loss or injury to the victims, stating therein the
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prindples on which they are acting;
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b. The court administrative agency, or quasi-judicial body may make an order
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directly against a person convicted by a judgement that has become final
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and executory, spedfying appropriate reparation to, or in respect of
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victims, induding restitution, compensation and rehabilitation; and
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c. Before making an order under this section, the court, administrative
33 
agency, or quasi-judidal body shall invite and shall consider representation
34 
from or on behalf of the convicted person, victims or other interested
35 
persons.
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1 
Nothing in this section shaii be interpreted as prejudicing the rights of victims under
2 
national or international law.
3 
Sec. 14. Appropriations, - The Chairperson of the CHR shall include in the CHR's
4 
program the implementation of this Act, the initial funding of which shall be charged
5 
against the cunent appropriation of the Commission. Thereafter, the amount necessary
6 
for the continued implementation of this Act; shall be included in the annual General
7 
Appropriations Act (GAA).
8 
Sec. 15. Implementing Rates and Regulations (JRR). - The CHR, In consultation
9 
with the NCIP, NCMF, and other stakeholders shall, within ninety (90) days from the
10 
effectivity of this Act. Promulgate the rules and regulations to implement it.
11 
Sec. 16. Repeating Cause. - Any provision of law or regulation inconsistent
12 
herewith is hereby repealed, revoked or modified accordingiy.
13 
Sec. 17. Separability Cause. - If any portion of this Act Is declared as
14 
unconstitutional or Invalid, the remaining portions not affected thereby shall continue to
15 
have force and effect.
16 
Sec. 18. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after publication
17 
in the Official Gazette or In a newspaper of general drculation.
Approved,
13