TWENTIETH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
First Regular Session
S. No.
)
SENATE
852
of ilr' 
I
25 AUG -4 P5 37
Rf'CEIVEO BY:
Introduced by Senator Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada
AN ACT
ESTABLISHING A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR A ROBUST, RELIABLE, 
AND TRUSTWORTHY DEVELOPMENT, APPLICATION, AND USE OF 
ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) SYSTEMS, CREATING THE PHILIPPINE 
COUNCIL ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DELINEATING THE ROLES OF 
VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, DEFINING AND PENALIZING CERTAIN 
PROHIBITED ACTS
EXPLANATORY NOTE
The 1987 Philippine Constitution recognizes that science and technology are 
crucial drivers of economic progress. Under Article XIV, Section 10 of the supreme 
law, "Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. 
The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and 
their utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and services. It 
shall support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological 
capabilities, and their application to the country's productive systems and national 
life."
Broadly speaking, artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of machines 
to simulate how humans think and perform tasks, which involve learning from data.
Contrary to popular assumptions, AI was developed as early as 1956. The first 
AI program that can mimic humans' problem-solving aptitude was unveiled by Herbert


A. Simon, Allen Newell, and John C. Shaw, who invented a "thinking machine" called 
the Logic Theorist. It was a computer program that was capable of solving general 
logic problems such as those found in the book Principia Mathematica.
As technologies become more powerful and deeply integrated into society, this 
measure is put forward to guide the safe and ethical development and use of AI. 
Without oversight, AI tools can be misused for disinformation, cybersecurity threats 
and job disruption.
This measure also seeks to ensure safe and responsible AI development by 
preventing harmful or unsafe AI applications, promoting transparency and 
accountability in various AI systems, and promoting public interest by preventing 
misuse of AI.
Under this proposal, a policy-making and advisory body of experts under the 
Department of Science and Technology will be created to be known as the Philippine 
Council on Artificial Intelligence tasked to conduct an evaluation on the impact of AI 
systems and development of AI economies in the country, review existing AI policies 
on AI, determine the structures or parameters under which AI systems may operate, 
develop and promulgate a framework based on fundamental guiding principles on the 
development, application, and use of AI, establish a code of ethics for AI developers, 
and promulgate rules to prevent abusive and harmful applications of AI.
The Council is also mandated to provide timely and comprehensive information 
to the public in addressing emerging AI issues, build an AI ecosystem by strengthening 
intellectual property and data protection measures, establish an AI risk reduction plan, 
provide effective measures to counter harmful Ais, and establish appropriate 
mechanisms to protect workers and professionals from potential job losses brought 
about by automation and AI, among others.


This bill would also ensure that the right to protection from harmful or faulty 
AI, right against algorithmic discrimination, right to privacy, right to remedy and right 
to know are protected.
For these reasons, approval of this measure is earnestly sought.
NGGOY EJERCITO ESTRADA


TWENTIETH CONGRESS OF THE 
)
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
)
First Regular Session 
)
S. No.
SENATE
852
‘ 
: lu
of ri,i-.ai.i.,).
25 AUG-4 P5 37
fitCEIVEO Bf:
Introduced by Senator Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada
AN ACT
ESTABLISHING A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR A ROBUST, RELIABLE, 
AND TRUSTWORTHY DEVELOPMENT, APPLICATION, AND USE OF 
ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) SYSTEMS, CREATING THE PHILIPPINE 
COUNCIL ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DELINEATING THE ROLES OF 
VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, DEFINING AND PENALIZING CERTAIN 
PROHIBITED ACTS
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
Congress assembled:
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CHAPTER I
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
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Sec. 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Artificial Intelligence (AI)
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Regulation Act'.
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Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State recognizes that science and technology
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are essential for national development and progress. It shall support their application
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to the country's productive systems and national life and regulate the transfer and
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promote the adaptation of technology from all sources for national benefit.
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Towards this end, the State shall pursue the development of artificial
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intelligence (AI), including digitization and infrastructure, workforce development,
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research and development, and regulation with the end view of harnessing AI's
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potentials to uplift the lives of Filipinos, local industries, and the economy.
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Sec. 3. Definition of Terms. - For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall
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be defined as stated below:
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a) Algorithm refers to a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or 
other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer;
b) Algorithm decisions refer to the analysis of large amounts of personal data 
to infer correlations or, more generally, to derive information deemed useful 
to make decisions;
c) Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in 
machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their 
actions;
d) Artificial intelligence eco-system refers to a group of AI systems which are 
coupled together to some extent to achieve a common goal. The most 
common goal of establishing an AI ecosystem is automation via applied 
machine learning. This is generally achieved by putting AI systems in both 
real-time as well as historical scenarios and generating intelligence out of 
it;
e) Artificial Intelligence system refers to a computer system or software 
application that utilizes AI technologies and techniques to perform a task or 
make a decision such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language 
processing, and robotics;
f) Augmentation refers to the process of allowing human collaboration with 
machines to perform a task;
g) Automated decision refers to the process of making a decision by automated 
means without any human involvement;
h) Automation refers to the creation and application of technologies to produce 
and deliver goods and services with minimal human intervention;
i) Innovation refers to the creation of new ideas that results in the 
development of new or improved policies, products, processes, or services 
which are then spread or transferred across the market;
j) Lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) refer to weapons that use AI 
to identify, select, and kill human targets without human intervention;
k) Regulatory sandbox refers to a regulatory approach, typically summarized 
in writing and published, that allows live, time-bound testing of innovations 
under a regulator's oversight; and


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I) Social scoring refers to the act of rating a person's level of influence based
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on evaluating one's followers, friends, and postings on social media
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networks.
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CHAPTER II
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GUIDING PRINCIPLES
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Sec. 4. Principles. - The development, application, and use of artificial
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intelligence (AI) systems shall be guided by the following principles:
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a) Inclusive growth, sustainable development, and well-being. - Consistent
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with the provisions of Republic Act No. 11293, otherwise known as the
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"Philippine Innovation Act" and other existing laws, the development,
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application, and use of AI must contribute to the developmental 
goals of
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the country;
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b) Human-centered values and fairness. - AI systems must treat people with
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dignity and respect;
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c) Robustness, security and safety. - AI must be reliable and safe and ensure
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that the public is protected from errors in processing and outcomes;
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d) Accountability. - AI system must provide disclosure of information that
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enables monitoring, checking or criticism and allow automation auditing to
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ensure that entities deploying AI technologies are accountable for their
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consequences;
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e) Understandabiiity. - Policies, rules and regulations governing AI systems
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must be understandable and 
ensure that automated 
and algorithmic
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decisions and any associated data driving those decisions can be explained
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to end-users and stakeholders in non-technical terms; and
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f) Trust - AI systems must be transparent; accurate and reliable; provide
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augmentation; and protect privacy.
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CHAPTER III
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AI BILL OF RIGHTS
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Sec. 5. Bill of Rights. - The development, application, and use of AI systems
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shall be guided by the following rights of every Filipino:
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a) Right to Protection from Unsafe and Ineffective AI Systems. - The right of
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every person to be protected from harmful AI systems shall be inviolable.


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AI systems, tools, and technologies shall be developed with consultation 
from diverse communities, stakeholders, and domain experts to identify 
concerns, risks, and potential impacts of the system. Systems shall undergo 
pre-deployment testing, risk identification and mitigation, and ongoing 
monitoring that demonstrate they are safe and effective based on their 
intended use, mitigation of unsafe outcomes including those beyond the 
intended use, and adherence to domain-specific standards.
b) Right against Algorithmic Discrimination. - No person shall be discriminated 
by algorithms and AI systems on the basis of ethnicity, sex, related medical 
conditions, gender identity, religion, age, national origin, disability, genetic 
information, or any other classification protected by law. Designers, 
developers, and deployers of AI systems shall take proactive and continuous 
measures to protect individuals and communities from algorithmic 
discrimination and shall use and design systems in an equitable manner. To 
protect equal rights, proactive equity assessments as part of the system 
design, use of representative data and protection against proxies for 
demographic features, ensuring accessibility for people with disabilities in 
design and development, pre-deployment and ongoing disparity testing and 
mitigation, and clear organizational oversight shall be instituted. 
Independent evaluation and plain language reporting in the form of an 
algorithmic impact assessment, including disparity testing results and 
mitigation information shall be performed and made public whenever 
possible to confirm these protections.
c) Right to Privacy. - Every people shall be protected from violations of privacy 
through design choices that ensure such protections are included by default. 
Data collection that conforms to reasonable expectations and that only data 
strictly necessary for the specific context is collected shall be ensured. 
Designers, developers, and deployers of AI systems shall seek permission 
and respect the decisions of every person regarding collection, use, access, 
transfer, and deletion data in appropriate ways and to the greatest extent 
possible. Alternative privacy by design safeguards shall be used whenever 
applicable. Systems shall not employ user experience and design decisions


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that obfuscate user choice or burden users with defaults that are privacy
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invasive. Consent shall only be used to justify collection of data in cases
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where it can be appropriately and meaningfully given.
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d) Right to Know. - Designers, developers, and deployers of AI systems shall
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provide generally accessible plain language documentation including clear
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descriptions of the overall system functioning and the role automation plays
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including notice that such systems are in use, the individual or organization
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responsible for the system, and explanations of outcomes that are clear,
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timely, and accessible. Such notice shall be kept up-to-date and people
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impacted by the system shall be notified of significant use case or key
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functionality changes.
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e) Right to Remedy. -Every people shall be given an opportunity to opt out
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from AI systems in favor of a human alternative, where appropriate. They
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shall have access to timely human consideration and remedy through a
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fallback and escalation process if an automated system fails or produces an
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error. The right to appeal or contest AFs impacts on every person shall not
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be denied. Human consideration and fallback shall at all times be accessible,
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equitable, effective, maintained and shall not impose an unreasonable
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burden to the public.
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CHAPTER IV
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PHILIPPINE COUNCIL ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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Sec. 6. Creation of the Philippine Council on Artificial Intelligence. - There is
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hereby established a policy-making and advisory body of experts under the
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Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to be known as the Philippine Council
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on Artificial Intelligence (PCAI), herein after referred to as the Council.
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The core committee, which shall elect from among themselves its Chairperson,
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shall be composed of an AI researcher; robotics specialist; a machine learning expert;
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a data science specialist; a technology expert; an ethicist; a sociologist or
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anthropologist; a psychologist; a public health expert; a security analyst; a legal
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scholar; a human rights advocate; a citizens' representative; and such other experts
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that the President of the Philippines may appoint.


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The committee shall create subcommittees or technical working groups (TWGs)
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as maybe necessary for the effective and efficient performance of its powers and
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duties as the public interest may require.
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The Council shall engage AI expertise and may call upon technical resource
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persons from the agencies of government, the private sector, and civil society
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organizations,
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It may call upon any official, agent, employee, agency or instrumentality of the
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government for any assistance that they may deem necessary to carry out the
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purposes of this Act and said agency or instrumentaiity of the government shall, with
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the approval of the President, assign the official, agent, or employee and provide the
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assistance requested by the Council.
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The Council's core committee members shail be appointed by the President for
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a term of three (3) years except for the AI researcher, robotics speciaiist, machine
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learning expert, data science specialist, technology expert, and ethicist who shall serve
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for a term of four (4) years: Provided, That no member shall serve for more than three
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(3) consecutive terms: Provided, further, That the members of the Council shall
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receive an honorarium in accordance with existing policies: Provided, furthermore,
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That the DOST shall promulgate the nomination process for all Council members with
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a clear set of qualifications, credentiais and recommendations from the sectors
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concerned.
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Sec. 7. Powers and Functions. - The Council shall have the following powers
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and functions:
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a) Conduct an evaluation on the impact of AI systems and development of AI
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economies in the country;
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b) Review existing policies on AI;
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c) Determine the structures or parameters under which AI systems may
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operate;
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d) Develop and promulgate a governance framework based on fundamental
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guiding principles on the development, application, and use of AI;
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e) Establish a code of ethics for AI developers for a progressive industry
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regulation;
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f) Promulgate rules to prevent abusive and harmful applications of AI;


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g) Prepare mitigation measures against the potential consequences and 
impacts of algorithms to processes and business models;
h) Formulate guidelines to prohibit and penalize indiscriminate and non-rights- 
respecting applications of AI and safeguard the health, safety, security, 
environmental, and quality standards for the development, application, and 
use of AI technologies;
i) Promote the responsible development, application, and use of AI;
j) Provide timely and comprehensive information to the public in addressing 
emerging issues on AI;
k) Build an AI ecosystem conscience by strengthening intellectual property and 
data protection measures;
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In consultation with the affected sectors, establish an AI risk reduction plan;
m) Together with the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Department of 
Education (DepEd), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority 
(TESDA) and other education stakeholders, take the appropriate steps to 
revitalize the teaching of humanities in state universities and colleges 
(SUCs), private higher education institutions (HEIs), technical vocational 
institutions, and all elementary and secondary education institutions, 
including alternative learning systems, both public and private;
n) Provide effective measures to counter harmful AIs;
o) Provide programmatic direction in the deployment of AI In government 
agencies' programs and projects;
p) Ensure an efficient balance in the regulation of AI and consumer protection 
to facilitate the growth of emerging business models brought about by AI 
utilizing regulatory sandbox approach to reduce the cost of innovation and 
barriers to entry, including the collection of data and information regarding 
appropriate regulatory action;
q) Establish appropriate mechanisms to protect workers and professionals 
from potential job losses brought about by automation and AI;
r) Guided by the legal mandates of the agencies and LGUs concerned, identify 
and task government agencies and LGUs that will be tasked to implement 
specific functions to implement the provisions of this Act;
7


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s) Recommend to the President of the Philippines and the Congress all policy
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matters regarding AI;
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t) Submit to the President of the Philippines, the President of the Senate and
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the Speaker of the House of Representatives, annual and special reports on
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the implementation of this Act; and
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u) Exercise all powers and functions necessary for the objectives and purposes
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of this Act.
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Sec. 8. Secretariat to the Council. - The Philippine Council for Industry, Energy
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and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) under the DOST
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shall provide Secretariat support to the Council.
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The initial staffing structure and complement of the Secretariat shall be
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submitted by the DOST to the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) for
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funding. Pending the creation of the appropriate plantilla positions, the DOST shall
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constitute an interim Secretariat within one (1) month from the effectivity of this Act,
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through the temporary detail of its personnel.
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CHAPTER V
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AI BOARD
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Sec. 9. Creation of the Artificial Intelligence Board. - To carry out the provisions
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of this Act, an agency shall be created to be called the Artificial Intelligence Board
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(AIB) and shall be composed of the Secretary of Science and Technology (DOST) as
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chairperson, the Secretary of the Department of Information and Communications
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Technology (DICT), the Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), the
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Director General of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHIL), and
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the Commissioner of the National Privacy Commission (NPC), as members. The AIB
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shall act unanimously in the discharge of its functions as defined hereunder:
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a) To exercise regulatory and supervisory authority over the development,
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application, and use of AI systems;
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b) To investigate motu proprio or upon report of any person, impose and
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collect fines and penalties, initiate and resolve the necessary administrative
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action, or initiate the necessary criminal case against the responsible
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persons for any violation of this Act;


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c) To issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in relation to its investigation 
provided that the subpoena shall state the nature and purpose of the 
investigation, shall be directed to the person whose attendance is required, 
and in the case of a subpoena duces tecum, it shall contain a reasonable 
description of books, documents, or things demanded which must be 
relevant to the Investigation;
d) To exercise visitorial powers by itself or in coordination with other 
competent agencies of the government to ensure the effective 
implementation of this Act, which shall include the power to scrutinize the 
records of AI companies and laboratories, except trade secrets and 
proprietary information, and to inspect their premises; Provided, That trade 
secrets and proprietary information shall be defined in this Act's 
implementing rules and regulations;
e) To appoint automation auditors with the power to probe and review the 
behavior of the algorithm;
f) To require AI companies and laboratories to submit written or electronic 
forms or reports as it may deem necessary and reasonable;
g) To create, maintain, and regularly update a central database of AI 
companies and laboratories;
h) To conduct a nationwide information campaign with the Philippine 
Information Agency (PIA) that shall inform the public on the responsible 
development, application, and use of AI systems to enhance awareness 
among end-consumers;
i) To enlist the assistance of any branch, department, bureau, office, agency 
or instrumentality of the government, including government-owned or - 
controlled corporations, in undertaking any and all operations, which may 
include the use of its personnel, facilities and resources for the more 
resolute prevention, detection and investigation of offenses and prosecution 
of offenders; and
j) To implement such measures as may be necessary and justified under this 
Act.


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Sec. 10. Creation of a Secretariat - The AIB is hereby authorized to establish a
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secretariat to be headed by an Executive Director who shall be appointed by the
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Council for a term of five (5) years. He or she must be a member of the Philippine
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Bar, at least thirty-five (35) years of age and of good moral character, unquestionable
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integrity and known probity. All members of the Secretariat must have served for at
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least five (5) years in any of the member agencies and shall hold full-time permanent
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positions within the said agencies.
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CHAPTER VI
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ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
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Sec. 11. Whole of Government Approach. - In order to effectively regulate
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and/or mitigate the risks and harness the potentials of AI across all areas of
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government policy-spanning health, infrastructure, education, training, energy,
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communication, industry, science and technology, defense, among others - a "whole
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of government approach" shall be adopted. This approach shall facilitate engagement
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with business, the research development and extension (RD&E) sector, and the
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broader community towards ensuring the full and effective implementation of this Act.
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All government agencies concerned, including the following, shall be
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responsible for implementing the country's policies on AI and, as such, shall observe
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the "whole of government approach" provided herein:
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a) Department of Science and Technology (DOST);
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b) Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT);
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c) Department of Trade and Industry (DTI);
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d) Department of Agriculture (DA);
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e) Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR);
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f) Department of Health (DOH);
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g) Department of Energy (DOE);
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h) Department of Transportation (DOTr);
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i) Department of National Defense (DND);
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j) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG);
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k) Department of Education (DepEd);
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I) Commission on Higher Education (CHED);
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m) Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA);
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n) Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE); and
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o) Commission on Human Rights (CHR).
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Government agencies shall make available for public access, a joint web portal,
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that will bear information pertinent to AI regulations. Government agencies shall
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submit periodic reports to the Council on their respective implementation of this Act.
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Reporting guidelines shali be prepared by the Councii for this purpose.
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The enumeration of agencies provided herein is without prejudice to other
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agencies that the Council may mandate.
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CHAPTER VII
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MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
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Sec. 12. Reports and Disclosures to the AIB. - In requiring AI companies and
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laboratories to submit written or electronic forms or reports pursuant to Section 8 of
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this Act, the AIB shall be prohibited from sharing, disclosing, or making available to
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the public and other AI entity any information, document, plan, and report constituting
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trade secrets, proprietary data, and other legitimate commercial information which are
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confidential or privileged in nature.
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Sec. 13. Central Database of AI Industry. - The central database, which shall
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be open to the public, created by the AIB pursuant to Section 8 of this Act shail be
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updated on a monthly basis. It shall include the following information:
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a) Corporate, business, or trade name of the AI industry participant;
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b) Registered trademark or trade name or logo of AI company or laboratory;
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c) Violations committed and incidents relating to such violations; and
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d) Other relevant information as may be determined by the Council: Provided,
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That it shall not include trade secrets and other proprietary information as
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may be determined in this Act's implementing rules and regulations.
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For this purpose, the AIB shail coordinate with the Intellectual Property Office
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of the Philippines (IPOPHL) for the accurate reporting of trademarks and tradenames
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of AI companies or laboratories.
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CHAPTER VIII
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PROHIBITED ACTS AND PENALTIES
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Sec. 14. Prohibited Use of AI System. - It shall be unlawful for any person to
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use AI system that shall cause unnecessary, unjustifiable and indiscriminate moral or
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pecuniary damage to individuals. The use of lethal autonomous weapon systems
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(LAWS) is hereby prohibited.
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The development, application, and use of AI to manipulate, exploit or control
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any person beyond his or her consciousness to materially distort his or her behavior
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in a manner that is likely to cause him or her or another person physical or
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psychological harm is prohibited.
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AI based social scoring of natural persons and practices that undermine privacy
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rights shall also be prohibited.
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Sec. 15. Penalties. - Any person who willfully or knowingly does or who shall
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aid, permit, or cause to be done any of the acts declared to be unlawful in the
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preceding section, or aids, permits, or causes such violation shall, upon conviction
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thereof, be punished by imprisonment for not less than six months or more than six
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years and with the accessory penalty of perpetual absolute disqualification from public
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office if the offender be a public official at the time of the commission of the offense,
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and, if the offender is an alien he shall be subject to deportation proceedings.
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Sec. 16. Violations by Juridical Entities. - If the violation is committed by a
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corporation, partnership, association, or other juridical entity, the penalty of
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imprisonment shall be imposed on the responsible directors or officers thereof, and
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the lack of corporate personality cannot be raised as a defense in case the juridical
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entity is unregistered.
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CHAPTER IX
22 
FINAL PROVISIONS
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Sec. 17. Appropriations. -The amounts necessary for the implementation of this
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Act shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.
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Sec. 18. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - The DOST, shall, in
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consultation with the concerned government agencies and stakeholders, promulgate
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the implementing rules and regulations of this Act within ninety (90) days from its
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effectivity. All guidelines, regulations, and other issuances mandated to be
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promulgated in this Act shall be issued within sixty (60) days from the promulgation
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of this Act's implementing rules and regulations.
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Sec. 19. Construction and Interpretation. - Any doubt in the interpretation of
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any provision in this Act shall be interpreted in favor of the interest of the general
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public.
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Sec. 20. Separabiiity Cause. - If, for any reason, any chapter, section, or
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provision of this Act shall be declared unconstitutional, illegal, or invalid, such parts
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not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect.
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Sec. 21. Repeaiing Cause. - All laws, decrees, executive orders, proclamations,
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and administrative regulations, or parts thereof inconsistent herewith are hereby
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repealed or modified accordingly.
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Sec. 22. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its
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publication in the Official Gazette or in any newspaper of general circulation.
Approved,
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