sev i:im i:i:ntii c o .n(;u i:ss o f  t h e  k e p u h l ic
OF THE PIIIUITINES
Second Ri\i;iilar Session
S E N A TK
S.B. No. I o L . 1
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tif III,- :
.JUL 25 P^.^n
R L C ..,,.')
Introduced hy Senator Poe
AN Ac r
PRO I E( riN(i HIE RK.H I S OF IN l ERNAELV DISPLACED 
PERSONS AND APPROPRIATINC FUNDS THEREFOR 
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Explanatory Note
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) arc “Persons or groups of persons who have been 
forced or obliged to lice or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular 
as a result of or in order to avoid the cllects of armed conflict, situations of generalized 
violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not 
crossed an internationally recognized State border."1
Internal displacement is a perennial problem in our country. In the recent clash 
between the military and local terrorist groups that erupted in Marawi City last May 23, 2017, 
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) executive director 
and Office of Civil Defense (OCD) chief Ricardo .lalad confirmed that the number of 
internally displaced persons (IDPs) from I.anao del Sur has now reached 324,406 or 66,738 
families as of.lune 14, 2017.2 *
IDPs arc not specially protected under international law. Reports submitted to the 
United Nation Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) on this topic state that “while 
existing law covers many aspects of particular relevance to internally displaced persons, there 
remain areas in which the law fails to provide sufficient protection for thcm.,';'
1 U n ite d  N a tio n  E c o n o m ic  a n d  S o c ia l C o u n c il (E C O S O C ). R e p o rt o f  th e  R e p re s e n ta tiv e  o f  th e  S e c re ta ry - 
G e n e ra l, M r . F ra n c is  M . D e n g , s u b m itte d  p u rs u a n t to  C o m m is s io n  re s o lu tio n  1 9 9 7 /3 9 . A d d e n d u m - G u id e lin e s  
on  In te rn a l D is p la c e m e n t. E /C N .4 /l9 9 8 /.‘i3 /A d d .2  R e trie v e d  fro m  h ttp s ://d o c u m e n ts -d d .s - 
n y .u n .o r g /d o c /U N D O C /G E N /G 9 8 /1 0 4 /9 3 /P D F /G 9 8 1 0 4 9 3 .p d U O p e n E le m e n t A c c e s s e d  0 7 /0 5 /1 6 .
■ P h ilip p in e  In fo rm a tio n  A g e n c y . (J u n e  16, 2 0 1 7 ). G o v 't assures s w ift a c tio n  to  a id  ID P s  fro m  M a ra w i.
R e trie v e d  fro m  h ttp ://n e w s .p ia .g o v .p h /a r tic le /v ic w /2 1 3 1 4 9 7 5 3 8 4 3 9 /g o v -t-a s s u re s -s w ifl-a c tio n -to -a id -id p s -fro m - 
m a ra w i
U n ite d  N a tio n  E c o n o m ic  a n d  S o c ia l C o u n c il (E C O S O C ). R e p o rt o f  th e  R e p re s e n ta tiv e  o f  th e  S e c re ta ry - 
G e n e ra l M r . F ra n c is  D e n g , s u b m itte d  p u rs u a n t to  C o m m is s io n  o n  H u m a n  R ig h ts  re s o lu tio n  1 9 9 7 /3 9 . 
C o m p ila tio n  a n d  A n a ly s is  o f  L e g a l N o rm s , P a rt II: L e g a l A s p e c ts  R e la tin g  to  th e  P ro te c tio n  a g a in s t A r b itr a r y  
D is p la c e m e n t. R e trie v e d  fro m  h ttp s ://d o c u m e n ts -d d s -
n y .u n .o r g /d o c /U N D O C /G E N /G 9 8 /l0 4 /8 7 /P D F /G 9 8 l0 4 8 7 .p d r? O p c n E le m e n t A c c e s s e d  0 7 /0 5 /1 6


As a remedy, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were submitted to the 
DCOSOC. The Guiding Principles state that “National authorities have the primary duty and 
responsibility to provide proteetion and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced 
persons within their jurisdiction.”4 5 An increasing number of States. United Nations agencies 
and regional and non-governmental organizations are applying them as a standard
This proposed measure seeks to provide a legal framework for the promotion and 
protection of IDPs in accordance with the abovementioned international standards. 
Furthermore, this bill seeks to ensure that IDPs in the country are accorded the human dignity 
which the Constitution guarantees them and which they fully deserve. It should be 
remembered that “human rights” under the Constitution are guarantees of social justice and 
human dignity to all Filipinos. This is manifested most notably in Article Xlll. which is 
entitled “Social .lusticc and Human Rights”, the first section of which declares: “The 
Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance 
the right of all the people to human dignity.
This bill embodies the previous di.scussions and consultations until the 16,h Congress. 
It has also addressed the perceived legal and policy infirmities which caused a prior version 
of this bill to be vetoed by the President.6
Immediate approval of this hill is eagerly sought.
Flo
'G R A C E  POE
/ /
4 E C O S O C . G u id in g  P rin c ip le s .
5 A r tic le  X l l l ,  S e c tio n  I, 1987 P h ilip p in e  C o n s titu tio n .
6 O ffic ia l G a z e tte . V e to  M e s s a g e  o f  P re s id e n t A q u in o  on S enate B ill N o . 3 3 1 7  a n d  llo u .s e  B ill N o . .‘^627. 
R e trie v e d  fro m  h ttp ://w w w .g o v .p h /2 0 l3 /0 5 /2 4 /v e to - m e s s a g e -o f-p re s id e n t-a q u in o -o n -s e n a te -b ill-n o -3 3 1 7 -a n d - 
h o u s e -b ill-n o -5 6 2 7 / A c c e s s e d  0 7 /0 5 /1 6


si:vi:m  i:i:i\ni c ()N(;k i;ss o f  t i i i: k fi’u b l ic
O F  T I I F  P M I U I M M N F S
Second Rcy,uUir Session
S E N A T E
S.B. No. 151 3
’ 1' l » 1  ■*1 
■ 
; 
! || »»
'17 
JUL 25 P 5 5 0
RECLlVii.I',, £
Introduced by Senator I’oc
AN ACT
PRO I F( I IN(; H IE KK.IM S OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED 
PERSONS AND APPROPRIATINC; FI NDS THEREFOR 
AND FOR OTHER PERPOSES
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
Congress assembled:
SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Rights of Internally 
Displaced Persons Act" or the "RIDPA. "
SECTION 2. Declaration of Principles and State Policies. - Consistent with the 
principles of 
the Constitution, international human rights and humanitarian standards 
including the United Nations' Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (UNGPID), 
international treaties adhered to by the Philippines, and existing Philippine laws such as 
Republic Act No. 9851, otherwise known as the Philippine Act on Crimes Against 
International Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and other Crimes against Humanity, it is hereby 
declared a State policy to adopt a rights-based approach for the promotion and protection of 
the rights of internally displaced persons in situations of armed conflict; generalized and/or 
organized violence; clan wars; violations of human rights; implementation of development 
projects; or natural or human-made hazards or disasters.
The rights and obligations herein shall not be interpreted as restricting, modifying, or 
impairing the provisions of any international human rights or international humanitarian law 
treaties or declarations, or rights granted to persons under domestic law.
The State shall harmonize all legal measures pertinent to "Internally Displaced Persons 
or group of persons" (IDPs), and ensure that such are consistent with this Act.
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SKfllON 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act:
a) 
"Armed Conflict'' - refers to any use of force or armed violence between 
States or a protracted armed violence between governmental authorities and 
organized armed groups or between such groups within a State: Provided, That 
such force or armed violence gives rise, or may give rise, to a situation to 
which the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. including their common 
Article 3, apply. Armed conllict may be international, that is. between two (2) 
or more States, including belligerent occupation; or non-international, that is, 
between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between 
such groups within a State. It does not cover internal disturbances or tensions 
such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar 
nature.
b) 
"Clan War" - refers to any conllict that may arise between members of 
different indigenous groups, indigenous cultural communities or clans, or 
between and among members of the same indigenous group, cultural 
community or clan.
c) 
"Collective Punishment ” - refers to a situation in which a group of people are 
punished due to acts or omissions, whether real or perceived, of one or several 
members of the group.
d) 
"Generalized and/or organized violence" - refers to the purposeful and 
systematic use of terror and brutality to control individuals, groups and 
communities, through the use of overwhelming force, and characterized by 
widespread, massive or sufficient intensity.
e) 
"Implementation of development projects " - refers to the carrying out of any 
undertaking or activity aimed at economic or political growth, advancement 
and expansion that results or may result to arbitrary internal displacement of 
persons: Provided, that the term does not include legitimate resettlement 
schemes and/or programs.


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f) 
"Internal displacement" - refers to the involuntary or eoerced movement or 
relocation of persons, families, or communities from their homes or places of 
habitual residence within the national borders, as a result of or in order to 
avoid or minimize the effects of armed condict; situations of generalized 
and/or organized violence; violations of human right; implementation of 
development projects; or natural or human-induced or human-made hazards or 
disasters.
g) 
"Internally displaced person nr yroiip of persons " (1 DP) - refers to any person 
or group of persons who has or have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave 
their homes or places of habitual residence within the national borders, as a 
result of or in order to avoid or minimize the effects of armed conflict, 
situations of generalized and/or organized violence, violations of human 
rights, implementation of development projects, or natural and human-induced 
or human-made hazards or disasters.
h) 
“Order of Battle/Watchlist" - refers to a document or an organizational tool 
used by military or law enforcement agencies that, inter alia, lists persons or 
organizations perceived as being hostile to the State, the Government or the 
Armed or Police forces, or to any document made by non-state actors, 
whether natural or juridical, listing the names of persons and organizations, 
that are perceived to be obstacles to such non-state actor, and making those in 
such list vulnerable to arbitrary internal displacement.
SECTION 4. Scope. - This Act shall primarily provide for the protection of rights of 
IDPs during and after displacement, as well as their return, local integration or settlement 
elsewhere. This Act shall likewise cover arbitrary internal displacement of civilians as a 
result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conllict; violations of human rights; 
implementation of development projects; or natural or human-induced or human-made 
hazards or disasters. To address the risks involved in natural hazards or disasters, and the 
overall impact of climate change on the rights of tho.se internally displaced, due reference 
shall be made to the pertinent provisions of other relevant laws such as Republic Act No. 
9729, otherwise known as the Climate Change Act of 2009, and Republic Act No. 10121,


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otherwise known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, 
and other related laws.
SEC TION 5. Primary Duty to Protect the IDPs. - National authorities and Local 
Government Units (LGUs) have the primary duty and responsibility to provide protection 
and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons within their Jurisdiction, in 
accordance with their obligations under international law, including human rights law and 
humanitarian law, so as to prevent and avoid conditions that might lead to arbitrary internal 
displacement of persons.
SECTION 6. Rights of IDPs. - All IDPs shall enjoy human rights in accordance with 
the Philippine Constitution and related laws without discrimination of any kind. In 
particular, they shall enjoy the following rights:
a) 
Access to Basic Necessities. - At the minimum, and with special attention to 
gender sensitivity, IDPs shall have the basic right to food, shelter and clothing. 
Competent authorities shall provide the aforementioned basic rights with due 
respect to the cultural sensitivities and religious beliefs of IDPs.
b) 
Health and Education'.
1) 
IDPs shall be entitled to access, to the fullest extent practicable, health 
services and with the least possible delay. Special attention shall be 
provided to the health needs of women, children and the elderly and the 
prevention of contagious and infectious diseases among IDPs.
2) 
IDP children shall receive free and compul.sory primary education at a 
minimum.
c) 
Freedom of Movement. - Every IDP has the right to liberty of movement in 
and out of any evacuation center, transitory sites or other settlements, subject 
to its existing rules and regulations. Moreover, they shall be protected against 
forcible return or resettlement in any place where their lives, .safety, liberty 
and/or health would be at risk.
d) 
Recognition, Issuance and Replacement of Documents. - The authorities 
concerned shall facilitate the issuance to the IDPs all documents necessary for 
the enjoyment and exercise of their legal rights, including new documents or


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the replacement of documents lost in the course of displacement, without 
imposing unreasonable conditions.
e) 
Family Retinificalion. Missiny Persons and Deceased. - Competent authorities 
shall provide conditions to expedite family reunification, search of missing 
persons and collection and identification of remains of the deceased, with due 
respect to cultural sensitivities and religious beliefs.
f) 
Securin’ and Proleclion. 
Competent authorities shall take necessary 
measures to ensure that IDPs are received, without discrimination of any kind 
and live in satisfactory conditions of safety, dignity and security. Special 
protection and assistance must be provided for IDPs with special needs, 
including separated and unaccompanied children, women, expectant mothers, 
mothers with young children, the elderly, and persons with di.sahilities or with 
communicable diseases.
g) 
Property and Possessions. - The property and possessions of IDPs shall, in all 
circumstances, 
be 
protected 
against pillage or looting, direct and 
indiscriminate attacks or other acts of violence, being used to shield military 
operations or objectives, being made the object of reprisal, being destroyed or 
appropriated as a form of 
ment, and destruction, arbitrary and illegal 
appropriation, occupation or use. The LGU exercising territorial jurisdiction 
over the affected area/s, with the assistance of the national Government, shall 
endeavor to facilitate the transportation of such property and possessions of 
IDPs, in a safe and secure area, during and after displacement, subject to 
logistical considerations.
h) 
Riyht to participation. -  The IDPs shall have the right to actively participate in 
the planning and management of their displacement situation as well as return, 
local integration or settlement elsewhere. In addition. IDPs shall be provided 
with conditions to facilitate the exercise of their right to political participation.
i) 
Right to request protection and humanitarian assistance. -  The IDPs have the 
right to request for protection and humanitarian assistance from national and 
local authorities. They shall not be punished or per,secuted for such acts.
j) 
Civil or Administrative Liabilities. - Any IDP shall be entitled to claim and be 
awarded civil damages from any public officer or employee, or any private 
person, who directly or indirectly obstructs, defeats, violates, or in any manner


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impedes or impairs any of the above rights and liberties. Any public officer 
shall be administratively liable for the same acts.
SECTION 7. Applicahilily of the Revised Penal Code and Special Pena! Laws. - An 
Order of Battlc/Watchlist, or any document of similar nature issued by the military, any law 
enforcement agency of the government, or any armed group, including non-state actors, shall 
not ju.stify crimes against I DPs and shall subject the perpetrators to the penalties provided 
under the applicable provisions of the Revised Penal Code and special laws.
Criminal offenses and unlawful acts, if found to be committed against any IDP in the 
course of or during displacement, shall be penalized one degree higher than that provided by 
the Revised Penal Code and other special penal laws with respect to those acts.
SECTION 8. Assistance During Displacement of IDPs. - The primary duty and 
responsibility, for providing humanitarian assistance to IDPs lie with national authorities and 
with the LGUs exercising territorial jurisdiction over the affected areas. As such, existing 
mechanisms set up under Republic Act No. 10121 and relevant line agencies shall provide 
immediate relief and humanitarian assistance to IDPs, families and communities.
SECTION 9. Early Recovery Plan. - The LGUs exercising territorial jurisdiction 
over the affected area/s shall craft an early recovery plan, in consultation with the IDPs.
SECTION 10. Return. Local Integration or Settlement Elsewhere. - Competent 
national and local authorities shall have the primary duty and responsibility to establish 
conditions and provide means for IDPs to return voluntarily, in safety and with dignity, to 
their homes or places of habitual residence, or to locally integrate or to settle voluntarily in 
another part of the country, taking into consideration the right of IDPs to choose a residence, 
and with due respect to the cultural heritage and traditions of Indigenous Peoples.
Said authorities shall ensure prior consultations and the full participation of IDPs, 
during and after the planning and management of their return, local integration, or settlement 
elsewhere.


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SIX nO N  
11. Mechanisms for Inlernalional Hunumitarian Assistance. 
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International humanitarian organizations, their local counterparts, and other appropriate 
actors shall have the right to offer their services, including humanitarian assistance, in 
support of IDPs. Relevant coordination mechanisms, where existing, with international 
humanitarian organizations shall facilitate the timely provision of humanitarian assistance to 
IDPs.
The importation and donation of food, clothing, medicine and equipment necessary 
for relief and assistance of IDPs are hereby authorized in accordance with Section 800 of 
Republic Act No. 10863. othcrwi.se known as the Customs Modernization and fariff Act. as 
regards national internal revenue taxes and import duties of national and local government 
agencies, and the prevailing provisions of the General Appropriations Act (GAA).
SECTION 12. Mon-Monetary Reparation. - The Department of Health (DOH), the 
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). the Department of Education 
(DepEd). the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), the Technical Education and Skills 
Development Authority (TESDA), and such other agencies, shall render necessary services as 
non-monetary reparation for IDPs and their families pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
SECTION 13. Role of the National Di.saster Risk Reduction and Management 
Council (NDRMMC) and Line Agencies. - The NDRRMC and government line agencies 
shall exercise its mandate and powers in accordance with Republic Act No. 10121 in 
responding to situations of internal displacement. In these situations, the CHR shall be part 
of the NDRRMC deliberations to provide advice as a non-voting member.
SECTION 14. Role of the CHR. - The CHR shall be designated as the institutional 
focal point on the human rights of IDPs. 
As such, the CHR shall have the following 
additional functions:
a) To monitor IDP conditions through the development of a system to track 
concerns, actions taken, and other relevant information to ensure that IDP rights 
are respected, protected, and fulfilled in all phases of internal displacement;
b) To establish guidelines to identify the legitimacy of an individual's claim of 
internal displacement;
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c) To conduct public inquiries, document violations of human rights, assist IDPs in
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seeking redress of grievances, and work to ensure an effective response by the
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concerned authorities;
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d) To investigate, on its own or on complaint by any party, all forms of human rights
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violations against IDPs involving civil and political rights, in accordance with
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Section 18(1) of Article Xlll of the Constitution, and when found in the
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investigation that the filing of a case in court is warranted, request the assistance
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of any department, bureau, office or agency, such as the National Prosecution
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Service of the DO.I, or the Ombudsman, by virtue of Executive Order No. 163,
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series of 1987;
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e) To render financial assistance at its sole discretion, and to issue ncces.sary
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guidelines to implement 
the same;
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f) To recommend to the other agencies of government, taking into consideration
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their respective mandates and functions, the grant of assistance to IDPs, as may be
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appropriate;
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g) To follow up on early warning and ensure effective measures to protect the
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civilian population against arbitrary internal displacement;
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h) To undertake educational activities and training programs for State authorities,
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including the AFP;
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i) To hold public information drives on the protection and rights of IDPs, and foster
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their participation in the decision-making process regarding issues that concern
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them; and
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j) To carry out such other acts that may be necessary to fully implement the
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purposes of this Act.
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SECTION 15. Role of the DSWD. - The DWSD shall have the following functions,
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a) To render psycho-social interventions and similar services to IDPs;
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b) To facilitate linking IDPs to employment opportunities, support services and other
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livelihood programs, in cooperation with other government agencies, such as, but
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not limited to, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Department of
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Agriculture (DA), Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and the Department of
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Trade and Industry (DTI);
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c) To provide capital assistance to IDPs. who wish to start their respective trade or 
business . subject to reasonable rules and regulations; and
d) To carry out such other acts that may be necessary to fully implement the 
aforementioned functions.
SECTION 16. Joint Congressional Oversight Committee. - A Joint Congressional 
Oversight Committee is hereby created, composed of the Chairperson of the Senate 
Committee on Justice and Muman Rights and .seven (7) other Senators designated by the 
Senate President, and the Chairpcr.son of the Mouse Committee on Muman Rights and seven 
(7) other Members of the Mouse of Representatives, designated by the Speaker of the Mouse 
of Representatives: Provided, That of the seven (7) Members to be designated by each Mouse 
of Congress, four (4) shall rcprc.scnt the Majority and three (3) shall represent the Minority.
The Joint Congressional Oversight Committee shall also have the power to inquire 
into, summon and investigate the Orders of Battic/Watchlist as dcllned under this Act, and/or 
any document of similar nature, as well as the legal and factual ju.stifications for the inclusion 
of specific persons and groups in said Orders of Battic/Watchlist or similar documents. In 
this regard, the Joint Congressional Oversight Committee may issue mandatory process 
directing the transmission of all such documents relevant and necessary for the Committee to 
determine the validity of the inclusion of specific persons or groups in the Orders of Battle/ 
Watchlist, or similar documents. For this purpose, the highest ranking officers or heads of 
offices shall be charged with testifying before the Joint Congressional Oversight Committee 
in relation to any inquiries on the Orders of Battle/Watchlist, or similar documents.
The invocation of national security as a defense may not prevent the Joint 
Congrc.ssional Oversight Committee from inquiring into the factual and/or legal bases for the 
existence of an Order of Battle/Watchlist. or any similar document, or the inclusion of 
specific persons or groups in said Orders of Battic/Watchlist, or similar documents. Should 
there be a need to inquire into the factual basis for the invocation of national security, the 
Committee shall convene in an executive session and hear the officials invoking it. Should 
the basis not be satisfactory to the Committee, the public hearings will continue and 
appropriate recommendations shall thereafter be made by the Committee.


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SECTION 17. Monitoring of Compliance. - An inter-agency coordinating committee 
shall be tasked to periodically monitor the compliance with this Act. The Committee shall be 
headed by the Executive Director of the NDRRMC and shall be composed of:
a) A representative, with the rank of Undersecretary, from the DSWD;
b) A representative, with the rank of Undersecretary, from the Department of 
National Defense (DND);
c) A representative, with the rank of Undersecretary, from the Department of Interior 
and Local Government (DIEG);
d) A representative, with the rank of Undersecretary, from the DOH;
e) A representative, with the rank of Undersecretary, from the DOJ;
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A representative, with the rank of Undersecretary, from the DepEd;
g) A representative from the National Commission on Muslim I'ilipinos (NCMF);
h) A representative from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP);
i) A representative from the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process;
The Committee shall work towards the collection of data on the number and 
conditions of IDPs, leading to a registry that will aid the government in efficient planning and 
policy making regarding issues affecting IDPs.
The Committee shall submit an annual report to the Joint Congressional Oversight 
Committee herein created, thirty (30) days after the end of each fiscal year. Such annual 
report shall be the basis for propo.sed amendments to existing legislation to improve the 
conditions of IDPs.
SEC riON 18. Appropriations. - The amount necessary for the initial implementation 
of this Act shall be charged against the current year's appropriations of the NDRRMC. CHR. 
the DSWD. the DOU, the DND, and the DILG. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary 
for the continued implementation of this Act shall be included in the GAA.
SEC TION 19. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - Within sixty (60) days from 
the effectivity of this Act, the NDRRMC in coordination with the CHR. DSWD, DND. 
DILG, DOM, DOJ, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), DepEd. 
AFP, Philippine National Police (PNP). Philippine Commission on Women (PCW), Council
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for the Welfare of Chikiren (C'WC). NC'IP. National Commission on Disability Affairs 
(NCDA). Presidential Commission on Urban Poor(PCUP), Housing and Urban Development 
Coordinating Council (HUDCC). National Housing Authority (NHA), and NCMF shall issue 
the necessary rules and regulations for its implementation and consult with the LGUs 
concerned, 
relevant 
non-govcrnmcntal 
human 
rights 
organizations, 
and 
people's 
organizations.
SECTION 20. Separability Clause. - If any part or provision of this Act shall be 
declared unconstitutional or invalid, the other provisions hereof which arc not affected 
thereby shall remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 21. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, executive orders, memorandum 
orders, memorandum circulars, administrative orders, ordinances or parts thereof which are 
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act arc hereby deemed repealed or modified 
accordingly.
SECTION 22. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its 
publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of national circulation.
Approved,
11