TWENTIETH CONGRESS OF THE 
)
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
)
First Regular Session 
)
SENATE
Senate Bill No. 1144
25 AUG-7 P6 -06 
\
RECEIVED BY:
Introduced by Senator JOEL VILLANUEVA
AN ACT
INSTITUTING A NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY, PROVIDING THE 
IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER 
PURPOSES
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Globally, national land use governance is a recognized best practice, 
particularly in OECD countries where structured, hierarchical spatial planning is 
supported by comprehensive framework legislation.1 In the Philippines, 
however, the absence of a national land use policy has contributed to 
overlapping land claims, illegal conversions, and inconsistent policies. For 
instance, data from the National Irrigation Administration indicates that 
approximately 620,399 hectares of irrigated agricultural land were converted to 
non-agricultural uses between 2012 and 2022, with no systematic monitoring 
mechanism and regulation in place.2 Furthermore, only 38% of local 
government units (LGUs) have updated their Comprehensive Land Use Plans 
(CLUPs),3 limiting effective zoning and intensifying competition among 
conflicting land uses.
The Philippines also faces challenges such as declining agricultural 
productivity, unchecked urban sprawl, and worsening environmental 
degradation. Between 2015 and 2020, barren land expanded by 31.67%,
1 
OECD (2017). Land-use Planning Systems in the OECD: Country Fact Sheets, OECD Regional
Development 
Studies, 
OECD 
Publishing, 
Paris. 
Available
at https://doi.orq/10.1787/9789264268579-en (Accessed on 21 May 2025).
2 
PIDS (2023). The Need for a National Land Use Act in the Philippines, pp. 6-7. PIDS Discussion 
Paper Series No. 2023-40. Available at https://doi.ora/10.62986/dp2023.40 (Accessed on 21 May 
2025).
3 
Id. at 23.


indicating inefficient and unsustainable land utilization.4 Moreover, the lack of 
long-term planning has left many Filipinos without a home, with 69% of the 
homeless population concentrated in the National Capital Region as of 2020.5 
Ironically, a significant amount of agricultural land was converted for other uses 
between 1992 and 2019, with residential development alone accounting for 
12,071 hectares.6 In addition, widespread deforestation and changing land use 
patterns have been linked to increased public health risks, including the 
emergence of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Thus, this measure aims to establish a clear and comprehensive framework 
for the sustainable, equitable, and responsible use of land resources in the 
Philippines. By institutionalizing land use planning, this measure promotes 
environmental stability, disaster risk reduction, food security, and climate 
change resiliency, which are vital to the country's long-term growth and the 
preservation of resources for the future generation of Filipinos.
One of the bill's salient points is its strong emphasis on protecting the 
rights of marginalized sectors, including indigenous peoples, fisherfolk, and 
urban poor communities. It highlights the need for fair access to land and 
resources, ensuring these communities are not left behind or displaced by 
development efforts. The bill also upholds the recognition of indigenous 
peoples' ancestral domains and their customary laws, promoting both inclusivity 
and the preservation of cultural heritage.
Another key feature of the bill is the creation of the National Land Use 
Commission (NLUC), which will serve as the lead policymaking body on land 
use. The NLUC will be responsible for aligning conflicting policies, resolving 
disputes, and ensuring that land use plans are coordinated across national, 
regional, and local levels. Centralizing these functions will simplify decision­
making and avoid overlapping responsibilities among government agencies.
The bill also underscores the protection of vital areas like agricultural lands, 
forests, watersheds, and coastal zones. It prohibits the conversion of prime 
agricultural and environmentally sensitive areas to help safeguard food security 
and promote long-term environmental sustainability. In addition, it calls for the 
development of integrated watershed management plans and the reforestation 
of mangrove ecosystems which are both crucial for reducing the impacts of 
climate change and preserving the country's rich biodiversity.
Id. at 17.
Id. at 20.
CPBRD (2021). Legislating National Land Use Policy: An Overarching Response to Sustainable 
Development, p. 15. CPBRD Policy Brief No. 2021-06. Available at 
https://cpbrd.conqress.qov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/PB2021-
06 Leqislatino National Land Use Policv.pdf (Accessed on 21 May 2025).
1


It is high time to take a holistic approach to land use that balances 
economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. Legislating a 
national land use policy will help protect the country's natural resources while 
also laying the foundation for a more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable future.
In view of the foregoing, the immediate passage of this bill is earnestly 
sought.
JOEtl/VlLLANUEVA


TWENTIETH CONGRESS OF THE ) 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES )
First Regular Session 
)
SENATE
of tl)" * C. .'Ml P
25 AUG-7 ?6m
RtCEIVED BY:
Senate Bill No. 1144
Introduced by Senator JOEL VILLANUEVA
AN ACT
INSTITUTING A NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY, PROVIDING THE 
IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER 
PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in 
Congress assembled:
1 
CHAPTER I
2 
INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
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SECTION 1. Short Title. -This Act shall be known as the "National Land Use
4 
Policy Act."
5 
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policies and Principles. - All lands of the public
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domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of
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potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, fora and fauna, and other natural
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resources are owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other
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natural resources shall not be alienated.
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It is the policy of the State to provide for a rational, holistic, and just allocation,
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utilization, management, and development of the country's land to ensure its optimum
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use, consistent with the principle of sustainable development.
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The State shall1 recognize the need for rational, optimal, and sustainable
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development, consistent with the principles of environmental management and
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equitable access to land and security.


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Towards this end, the State shall institutionalize land use and physical planning
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as mechanisms for identifying, determining, and evaluating appropriate land use and
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allocation patterns that promote and ensure:
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a) Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources;
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b) 
Maintenance and preservation of environmental integrity and stability,
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specifically the perpetual protection of permanent forests and watershed for the
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attainment of food, water, and energy sufficiency;
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c) Disaster risk reduction and climate change resiliency;
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d) 
Protection of prime agricultural lands for food production activities and provision
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of highest priority to the completion of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
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Program (CARP);
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e) Sustainable development and management of water resources towards water
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security;
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f) Settlements, transportation, and infrastructure development in support of urban,
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rural, and regional development and inclusive growth;
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g) 
Harmony between the rights and the varied interests of every Filipino within the
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framework of people empowerment, decentralization, social justice, and equity;
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h) 
Respect for and protection of the sustainable traditional resource rights of the
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Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) to their
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ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being as
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well as recognition of the applicability of customary laws and sustainable
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traditional resource use and management, knowledge, and practices in ancestral
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domains in compliance with free and prior informed consent of ICC/IPs;
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i) 
Protection of the rights of basic sectors to equitable access to the country's land
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and other resources through State regulation of land valuation to prevent
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uncontrolled land speculation resulting in tremendous increase in land pricing;
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j) 
Equitable and sustainable economic growth, and balanced and dispersed
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industrial and tourism development, guided by the principles of agrarian reform,
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urban land reform, and rural development;
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k) Protection, conservation, preservation, and development of the Filipino historical,
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cultural, and built cultural heritage and resources for the deeper understanding
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of history and culture as a people;


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I) Attainment of energy security and self-sufficiency through sustainable and
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priority development of indigenous energy resources; and
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m) Market orientation where the interplay of market forces and fair trade within the
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framework of ecological development and equity consideration is encouraged
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and adopted as the basic parameter in achieving efficiency in land use and
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allocation.
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It is also the policy of the State to ensure that local government units (LGUs)
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share with the national government the responsibility of managing and maintaining
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ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction as stated in the 1987 Constitution
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and Republic Act No. 7160, as amended, otherwise known as the "Local Government
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Code of 1991."
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Guided by the principle that the use of land bears a social function and that all
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economic agents shall contribute to the common good, landowners and land tenure
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holders, in the case of forestlands, be it an individual, communal, corporate, or group
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shall be held responsible for developing and conserving their lands thereby making
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their lands productive and supportive of environmental stability.
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SEC. 3. Scope. - This Act shall apply to all lands, whether public, private,
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government-owned, and/or in the possession of individuals, communities, indigenous
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people, or groups of people, to provide for a rational, holistic, and just allocation,
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development, and management of land including such activities that bear impact on
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said resources.
22
23 
CHAPTER II
24 
DEFINITIONS
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SEC. 4. Definition of Terms. - As used in and for purposes of this Act, the
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following terms shall mean:
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a) Agricultural land refers to a land devoted to or suitable for the cultivation of
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soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, raising of livestock and poultry, or
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fish or aquaculture production, including the harvesting of such farm products,
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and other farm activities and practices performed in conjunction with such
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farming operations done by persons whether natural or juridical, and not
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classified by law as mineral land, forest land, residential land, commercial land.


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or industrial land;
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b) Agricultural land use conversion refers to the undertaking of any
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deveiopment activity which modifies or alters the physical characteristics of
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agricultural lands to render them suitable for non-agricultural purposes with an
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approved order of conversion issued exclusively by the Department of Agrarian
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Reform (DAR);
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c) 
Alienable and disposable (A&D) lands refer to lands of the public domain
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which have been delineated, classified, and certified as open and available for
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disposition under the provisions of Commonwealth Act No. 141, as amended,
10 
otherwise knowin as the "Public Land Act";
11 
d) Ancestral domains refer to all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs as defined
12 
under Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as the "Indigenous Peoples'
13 
Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997";
14 
e) Basic sector refers to a group of people not referring to any organized groups
15 
such as, but not limited to, women, youth, elderly, differently abled, peasants,
16 
and fisherfolk;
17 
f) Basic shelter refers to any subdivision unit, housing unit, or condominium
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satisfying the barest minimum shelter requirements under the minimum design
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standards of Batas Pambansa Big. 220 or "An Act Authorizing the Ministry of
20 
Human Settlements to Establish and Promulgate Different Levels of Standards
21 
and Technical Requirements for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects in
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Urban and Rural Areas from Those Provided Under Presidential Decrees
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Numbered 957, 1216, 1096 and 1185";
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g) Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) refers to a document embodying a
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set of policies and guidelines, accompanied by official maps and similar
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illustrations, that serves as principal basis for determining the future land use of
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lands and natural resources for production and protection purpose within the
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territorial jurisdiction of the city or municipality. It represents the community-
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desired pattern of population distribution and proposes future allocation of land
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resources to various land-using activities. It identifies the allocation, character,
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and extent of the areas of land resources to be used for different purposes and
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includes the processes and the criteria employed in the determination of the land


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use. It has a long-term perspective, encompassing a minimum often (10) years 
except if an earlier amendment or revision of the CLUP is authorized by the NLUC 
due to extraordinary causes;
Comprehensive land use planning refers to the act of defining the allocation, 
utilization, development, and management of all lands within a given territory or 
jurisdiction according to the inherent characteristic of the land itself and 
supportive of sustainable, economic, demographic, sociocultural, and 
environmental objectives as an aid to decision-making and legislation;
Coastal area/zone refers to a band of dry land and the adjacent ocean space 
(water and submerged land) in which terrestrial processes and uses directly 
affect oceanic processes and uses, and vice versa. Its geographic extent may 
include areas within a landmark limit of one (1) kilometer from the shoreline at 
high tide to include mangrove swamps, brackish water ponds, nipa swamps, 
estuarine rivers, sandy beaches, and other areas within a seaward limit of 200 
meters isobath to include coral reefs, algal flats, seagrass beds, and other soft- 
bottom areas. For purposes of initiating and implementing sustainable coastal 
resources protection and management, it shall include foreshore lands;
Critical habitats refer to areas outside protected areas as defined under 
Republic Act No. 11038, otherwise known as the "Expanded National Integrated 
Protected Areas System (E-NIPAS) Act of 2018," that are known habitats of 
threatened species and designated as such based on scientific data taking into 
consideration species endemicity and/or richness/presence of human-made 
pressures/threats to the survival of wildlife living in the area, among others; 
Critical watershed refers to a drainage area of a river system supporting 
existing and proposed hydroelectric power, domestic water consumption, 
irrigation works, or existing water facilities needing immediate protection and 
rehabilitation to minimize erosion and improve water yield;
Cultural heritage refers to the totality of cultural properties preserved and 
developed through time and passed on for posterity;
Customary laws refers to a body of written and/or unwritten rules, usages, 
customs, and practices traditionally and continually recognized, accepted, and 
observed by respective ICCs/IPs, consistent with IPRA;


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n) Development plan refers to a document that defines the activities or measures
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that the national government or LGUs intend to implement in order to achieve a
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defined set of development goals. It integrates the socioeconomic and sectoral
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plans of the national government or its instrumentality or a particular LGU with
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land use or physical framework plans. It may include an analysis of problems
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and resources, definition of goals and objectives, policy guidelines, project and
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target achievements, and an implementation mechanism which defines the roles
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and contributions expected from the government and the private sector;
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o) 
Ecologically fragile lands refer to lands within the critical watershed, brackish
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and freshwater wetlands, pasture lands, and croplands which require
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rehabilitation and whose continued unsustainable use would adversely affect the
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productivity of lowland agricultural areas and the stability of the upland
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ecosystem;
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p) 
Ecotourism refers to sustainable tourism or travel to a given natural area with
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exotic or threatened ecosystems or a heritage area to observe wildlife or to help
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preserve nature, in the process providing for community participation,
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protection, and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous
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knowledge systems and practices, environmentai education, and ethics, as well
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as economic benefits fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host
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communities and the satisfaction of visitors;
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q) 
Energy resource lands refer to lands where naturally occurring or indigenous
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energy resources exist in sufficient quantity or quality as to be economically
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viable for exploration, development, production, utilization, and distribution
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process;
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r) 
Energy resources refer to surface or subsurface substances that serve as
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energy sources. These are traditionally mineral fuel deposits such as coal,
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petroleum, natural gas, or renewable resources from geothermal, hydro
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reservoirs, or non-conventional sources such as ocean waves, solar, wind,
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biomass, and other similar resources which serve the same purpose;
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s) 
Environmentally critical areas refer to areas declared by law as:
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(1) protected areas pursuant to the E-NIPAS Act of 2018;
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(2) areas for natural parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, and


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sanctuaries;
(3) 
areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots;
(4) 
areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species 
or indigenous Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna);
(5) 
areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests;
(6) 
areas which are traditionally occupied by ICCs/IPs;
(7) 
areas with critical slopes;
(8) 
areas exposed to geologic and hydro-meteorological hazards;
(9) 
prime agricultural lands;
(10) recharge areas of aquifers;
(11) water bodies;
(12) mangrove areas;
(13) coral reefs;
(14) mossy and old-growth forests;
(15) rivers and riverbanks;
(16) swamp forest and marshlands; and
(17) foreshore lands.
This term shall also include other terrestrial, aquatic, and marine areas that need 
special protection and conservation measures because they are ecologically 
fragile or they are needed for food security and food self-sufficiency as 
determined by concerned agencies and LGUs in consultation with the concerned 
sectors;
Eyfi/a/y refers to a wetland type where the river mouth widens into a marine 
ecosystem, the salinity of which is intermediate between salt and freshwater 
where tidal action is an important biophysical regulator;
Exhausted energy resource lands refer to specific energy resource sites 
whose energy reserves of the desired type(s) are no longer in sufficient quantity 
or quality to justify additional expenditure for their extraction and utilization as 
certified by the Department of Energy (DOE);
Exhausted mineral lands refer to specific sites whose mineral deposits are no 
longer in sufficient quantity or quality to justify additional expenditure for their 
extraction and utilization as may be determined by the latest technology


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available;
Exhausted mineral resources refer to a situation where the mineral resources 
in specific sites are no longer in sufficient quantity or quality to justify additional 
expenditure for extraction or utilization as determined by the Mines and 
Geosciences Bureau (MGB) and approved by the DENR;
Flood plain refers to the portion of a river valley adjacent to a river channel 
which is covered with water when river overflows its banks at flood stages. The 
plain usually consists of silt deposited by the stream;
Fiood-prone areas refer to low lying areas usually adjacent to large or active 
water bodies and therefore experience regular or seasonal inundation as a result 
of changes in the mean water level of these bodies or because of land 
reclamation and other artificial interference with the natural processes;
Food security refers to the policy objective of meeting the food availability, 
accessibility, quality and affordability requirements of the present and future 
generations of Filipinos in a sustainable manner, through local production or 
importation, only when there is shortage established based on a micro level 
situation, or both, based on the country's existing and potential resource 
endowments and related production advantages, and consistent with the overall 
national development objectives and policies;
Food self-sufficiency refers to the policy objective of meeting the food 
requirements through intensive local food production in a sustainable manner 
based on the country's existing and potential resource endowments and related 
production advantages;
Forestlands refer to lands of the public domain classified and/or determined as 
needed. They include all permanent forests or forest reserves, forest reservations 
and all remaining unclassified lands of the public domain;
Foreshore land refers to the part of the shore which is alternately covered and 
uncovered by the ebb and flow of the tide;
Free and Prior Informed Consent refers to consensus of all members of the 
ICCs/IPs to be determined in accordance with their respective customary laws 
and practices, free from any external manipulation, interference and coercion, 
and obtained after fully disclosing the intent and scope of the activity, in a
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language and process understandable to the community;
Geo-hazards refer to natural and human-induced geological processes that 
have potential to cause destruction and pose a threat or risk to human life and 
property;
Geo-hazard prone areas VQfQr to areas frequently visited and/or vulnerable or 
prone to experience weather/climatic, hydrologic, geologic, and other natural 
calamities;
Heritage zones refer to historical, anthropological, archaeological and artistic 
geographical areas and settings that are culturally significant to the country as 
declared by the National Museum and/or the National Historical Commission of 
the Philippines (NHCP), pursuant to Republic Act No. 10066, otherwise known as 
the "National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009";
Illegal agricultural land conversion refers to any activity that modifies or 
alters the physical characteristics of agricultural lands to render them suitable for 
non-agricultural purposes without an approved order of conversion from the DAR 
Secretary;
Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) refer 
to groups of people or homogenous societies identified under the IPRA; 
Indigenous energy resources refer to energy resources, which originate or 
occur naturally in the Philippines;
Inland waters refer to waters, which are not coastal and marine waters not 
subject to acquisitive prescription consistent with the provisions of Presidential 
Decree No. 1067, otherwise known as the "Water Code of the Philippines"; 
Integrated watershed management refers to a planning strategy or 
program for watershed areas that complement environmentally-sound soil and 
water management practices with mechanisms for ensuring greater 
responsibility, involvement, or participation of individuals, groups, communities 
and other stakeholders benefiting from these areas and water-related 
infrastructure;
Key biodiversity areas vefox to sites that are nationally and globally significant 
for biodiversity conservation primarily containing species that require site-scale 
conservation to prevent extinction in the short-term and medium-term. Such


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species may be nationally and globally threatened, restricted-range and/or 
nationally and globally significant congregations of species;
Lagoon refers to a semi-enclosed coastal basin with limited freshwater input, 
high salinity and restricted circulation which often lies behind sand dunes. It is 
often highly productive, and a habitat for variety of plants and animal, serves as 
nurseries of prawns and shrimps and also site for harbor, aquaculture, industry 
and recreation;
refers to resources, both natural and man-made, found on the surface, 
below, and above the ground including inland waters and the air therein;
Land use refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation, 
development, and management;
Land use classification refers to the act of delineating or allocating lands 
according to protection land use, production land use, settlements development, 
and infrastructure development as defined and provided for in this Act;
Land sub-classification refers to the act of determining and assigning specific 
uses of classified lands of the public domain, such as forest or timber lands, 
alienable or disposable agricultural lands, national parks, and mineral lands in 
accordance with existing laws and this Act;
Mandatory public hearings/consultations refer to the mechanism to ensure 
the active participation of concerned sectors in all affected areas in land use 
planning from the local to the national level. It involves giving effective notice of 
hearing/consultation to concerned sectors within an affected area through direct 
written invitations, using regular mail or electronic means, and 
publication/posting in conspicuous places, conduct of a reasonable number of 
hearings in or proximate to the specific area affected, and solicitation of positions 
and the public presentation and public confirmation of the planning results in the 
specific area affected before the final adoption of the plans;
Minerals refer to all naturally occurring inorganic substance in solid, gas, liquid 
or intermediate state excluding energy materials such as coal, petroleum, natural 
gas, radioactive materials and geothermal energy;
Mineral exploration refers to the systematic searching or prospecting of 
mineral resources;
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Mineral lands refer to lands where mineral resources are found;
Mineral resources refer to any concentration of minerals/rocks with potential 
economic value;
MudHatrefers to a wetland type that is usually an unvegetated area, dominated 
by muddy substrate which provides rich feeding grounds for vertebrates, such 
as fish and water birds and also important in preventing soil erosion;
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) refers to the 
classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain 
essential ecological processes and life-support systems, to preserve genetic 
diversity, to ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and to maintain 
their natural conditions to the greatest extent possible;
National Land Use Commission (NLUC) refers to the highest land use policy 
making body created under Section 14 of this Act;
National Parks refer to a forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness 
character which has been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any form of 
exploitation except in conformity with approved management plan and set aside 
as such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural and 
historic objects, wild animals and plants therein and to provide enjoyment of 
these features in such areas;
National physical framework plan refers to an indicative plan containing the 
policy areas promoting the most appropriate and rational use of land and other 
physical resources, such as, but not limited to, protection, production, settlement 
and infrastructure land use. It provides policy guidelines for all decisions relating 
to land use and environmental management, to prevent and mitigate the adverse 
effects of inappropriate resource utilization on the country's food security and 
food self-sufficiency on rice and corn, the people's welfare and their 
environment. It embodies both policies and strategies necessary to carry out 
goals and objectives of this Act;
Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agro-industrial 
Development (NPAAAD) refers to agricultural areas identified by the 
Department of Agriculture (DA), through the Bureau of Soils and Water 
Management (BSWM), in coordination with the National Mapping and Resource
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Information Authority (NAMRIA) in order to ensure the efficient utilization of land 
for agriculture and agro-industrial development and promote sustainable growth. 
The NPAAAD covers all irrigated areas, all irrigable lands already covered by 
irrigation projects with firm funding commitments, all alluvial plains, land highly 
suitable for agriculture whether irrigated or not, agro-industrial croplands or 
lands planted to industrial crops that support the validity of existing agricultural 
infrastructure and agro-based enterprises, highlands or areas located at an 
elevation of five hundred (500) meters or above and have the potential for 
growing semi-temperate and high value crops, all agricultural lands that are 
ecologically fragile the conversion of which will result in serious environmental 
degradation, and all mangrove areas and fish sanctuaries; 
ddd) Non-agricultural land use conversion refers to the act of changing the 
current use of a piece of non-agricultural land into some other uses; 
eee) Non-governmental organization refers to a private and non-profit voluntary 
organization which is committed to the task of political, socioeconomic, physical, 
cultural, and environmental development and established primarily to provide 
service to marginalized sectors in these areas; 
fff) Patrimonial properties refer to all the properties belonging to the State that 
are not intended for public use or for public service for the development of 
national wealth;
ggg) People's organization refers to a private, non-profit, voluntary and 
community-based organization with membership constituency established 
primarily to provide service to its members and the community in general; 
hhh) Physical framework plans refer to indicative plans based on comprehensive 
land use plans (CLUPs) and governmental policies, whether national, regional, 
or provincial, which provide policy guidelines for all decisions relating to land use 
and environmental management to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of 
inappropriate resource utilization on food security, the people's welfare and their 
environment. It embodies both policies and strategies necessary to carry out 
development goals and objectives;
Hi) 
Premature or illegal conversion of agricultural lands refer to any activity
that modifies or alters the physical characteristics of agricultural lands to render
12


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them suitable for non-agricultural purposes, without an approved order of 
conversion from the DAR Secretary;
jjj) Prime agricultural lands refer to all irrigated areas; all irrigable lands already 
covered by irrigation projects with firm funding commitments; all rain- fed areas 
planted to rice and other crops; all alluvial plain lands highly suitable for 
agriculture, whether irrigated or not, agro-industrial croplands or lands presently 
planted to industrial crops that support the viability of existing agricultural 
infrastructure and agro-based enterprises, highlands, or areas located at 
elevation of 500 meters or above and have the potential for growing semi- 
temperate and high value crops; all agricultural lands that are ecologically fragile, 
the conversion of which will result in serious environmental degradation, and 
mangrove areas and fish sanctuaries;
kkk) Production land use refers to the direct and indirect utilization of land to 
generate outputs resulting from the following activities, but not limited to: 
agricultural, fish, farming or aquaculture, timber production, agro-forestry, 
grazing and pasture, mining, indigenous energy resource development, industry, 
and tourism;
III) Protected areas refer to portions of land set aside by reason of their unique 
physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity, and 
protected against destructive human exploitation. For purposes of this Act, it 
shall include agricultural lands identified and delineated under Section 29 hereof;
mmm) Protection land use refers to the utilization of land primarily for 
rehabilitation, conservation, and protection purposes for the promotion of the 
country's ecological and life-support systems;
nnn) Public domain refers to lands that belong to the State which may be any of the 
following: agricultural, forest or timber, mineral, or national park as provided for 
in the Constitution;
ooo) Public lands refer to lands which have not been subject to private property 
rights or subject to sale or other modes of acquisition or concession under the 
general laws, and are devoted to public use;
ppp) Reclassification of agricultural lands refer to the act of specifying how 
agricultural lands shall be utilized for non-agricultural uses such as residential,
13


1 
industrial, or commercial purposes through the local planning and zoning
2 
processes pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991, and subject to the
3 
requirements and procedure for conversion. It is equivalent to land sub-
4 
classification, as defined in this Act for classified lands of the public domain and
5 
also includes the reversion of non-agricultural iands to agricultural use;
6 
qqq) Resettlement sites refer to areas identified by the appropriate nationai agency
7 
or by the local government unit, with respect to areas within its jurisdiction,
8 
which shaii be used for the relocation of the underprivileged and homeless, as
9 
defined under Republic Act No. 7279, as amended, or the "Urban Development
10 
and Housing Act (UDHA) of 1992" and other related laws;
11 
rrr) River basin refers to the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
12 
It encompasses the entire land surface dissected and drained by many streams
13 
and creeks that flow downhill into one another, and eventually into one river.
14 
The final destination is an estuary or an ocean;
15 
sss) Settlements refer to formal and informal communities or built-up residential
16 
areas where people prefer to live in land areas classified, zoned, or converted
17 
for current or future residential or housing development purposes, including
18 
socialized housing zones for the homeless and underprivileged citizens;
19 
ttt) Settlements development refers to any improvement on existing formai or
20 
informal residential or housing settiements or any proposed development of
21 
certain areas for iresidentiai or mass housing settlement purposes. It also involves
22 
the spatial distribution of population, identification of the roies and functions of
23 
key urban centers, determination of relationships among settlement areas, and
24 
the provision of basic services and facilities of identified major residential or
25 
housing settlement areas or growth centers. It is also concerned with the
26 
interrelationship of settlements as they develop and establish functionai iinkages
27 
based on their respective resource endowments and comparative advantages;
28 
uuu) Shoreline refers to the line where shore and water meet;
29 
vw) Significant caves refer to caves which contain materials or possess features
30 
that have archaeological, cultural, ecological, historical or scientific value as
31 
determined by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
32 
in coordination with the scientific community and the academe;
14


1 
WWW) Socialized housing refers to housing programs and projects undertaken by
2 
the government or the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless
3 
citizens which shall include sites and services development, long-term financing,
4 
liberalized terms on interest payments, and such other benefits in accordance
5 
with the UDHA;
6 
xxx) Socialized housing zones refer to lands identified and designated by LGUs as
7 
sites for socialized housing, pursuant to the UDHA, and its implementing
8 
guidelines. It shall include areas that are presently occupied by the urban poor,
9 
as well as those identified as resettlement areas as defined herein;
10 
yyy) Sustainable development refers to the development objective of meeting the
11 
needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future
12 
generations to meet their own needs consistent with the principles of social
13 
equity, generations to meet their own needs consistent with the principles of
14 
social equity, efficiency, and environmental integrity;
15 
zzz) Tourism development areas refer to specific sites for tourism development
16 
located in areas identified as priorities in the national, regional, and inter-regional
17 
area specific tourism master plans and other sector plans such as eco-tourism
18 
and agri-tourism sites, including those designated through legislative and
19 
executive issuances such as tourist spots, tourist zones and tourism ecozones
20 
which can be developed into tourism estates or integrated resort, leisure, and
21 
recreation complexes, and other tourism related facilities;
22 
aaaa) Tourism Enterprise Zone refers to an area designated as tourism enterprise
23 
zone by the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA)
24 
pursuant to the provisions of Republic Act No. 9593, otherwise known as the
25 
"Tourism Act of 2009";
26 
bbbb) Tourism estates refer to large tracts of land with well-defined boundaries in
27 
any area identified in the Philippine tourism master plan and regional tourism
28 
master plan, by proclamation of the President and/or by an act of Congress,
29 
including local legislation. Such land shall be suitable for the development of an
30 
integrated tourism and resort complex, including, but not limited, to
31 
accommodation facilities, food and beverage outlets, convention and meeting
32 
areas, sports, recreational and leisure centers and commercial outlets among
15


1 
others. It shall be provided with roads, water supply facilities, power and utilities,
2 
like potable water, drainage sewerage disposal, solid waste disposal system, and
3 
other necessary infrastructure. The estate shall be under one unified and
4 
continuous management;
5 
cccc) Tourist spot refers to a particular area/site/spot, human-made or natural,
6 
known for its unique tourist/visitor-drawing attributes and activities. It may be
7 
classified according to its social, cultural, natural, historical, scientific, religious,
8 
and recreational significance;
9 
dddd) Tourist zone refers to a geographic area with weil-defined boundaries
10 
prociaimed as such by the President of the Philippines and/or by acts of
11 
Congress. No development projects for any purpose shall be initiated and
12 
introduced within the zone prior to the formulation of a tourism master
13 
development plan, which shall be undertaken in coordination with the
14 
Department of Tourism (DOT) and TIEZA. A tourist zone is estabiished for the
15 
enhancement and/or the conservation of cultural and historical heritage and for
16 
the appreciation and enjoyment of the iocal population and its visitors;
17 
eeee) Urban areas refer to ali cities, regardless of their population density, and to
18 
municipalities with population density of at least Five hundred (500) persons per
19 
square kilometer;
20 
ffff) Urbanizabie areas refer to sites and lands which, considering present
21 
characteristics and prevailing conditions, dispiay marked and great potential of
22 
becoming urban areas within a period of five (5) years;
23 
gggg) Urban forestry or Green space refers to the estabiishment and management
24 
of forest in urban environment for the physioiogical and psychological well-being
25 
ofthepeopie;
26 
hhhh) Water security refers to the sufficient access throughout the year to the
27 
minimum daily requirement of clean water to maintain a healthy life;
28 
iiii) Water use refers to the appropriation of water for domestic, municipal,
29 
irrigation, power generation, inland fisheries, poultry 
and livestock raising,
30 
industrial and commercial, environmental, 
and recreational 
use and 
other
31 
purposes;
32 
jjjj) Watershed refers to a land area drained by a stream 
or fixed body 
of water
16


1 
and its tributaries having a common outiet for surface runoff;
2 
kkkk) Zoning refers to the process of deiineating the specific uses of lands in
3 
accordance with the approved CLUP within the territorial jurisdiction of a
4 
city/municipaiity and specifying the conditions for their regulation, subject to the
5 
limitations imposed by iaw and competent authority; and
6 
Nil) Zoning ordinance or ZO refers to a local law passed by the Sangguniang Bayan
7 
or Panglunsod approving the deveiopment control/zoning plan in accordance
8 
with an approved or adopted CLUP for the city/municipality, and providing for
9 
the regulations and other conditions on the uses of land including the limitation
10 
on the infrastructure that may be placed thereon within the territorial jurisdiction
11 
of a city or municipality. It incorporates the protected areas under Section 13(a)
12 
and the protected agricultural lands under Section 29 of this Act.
13
14 
CHAPTER III
15 
PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AND LAND USE PLANS
16
17 
SEC. 5. National Land Use Planning Process. - The land use and physical
18 
planning process shall be formulated following a combined bottom-up and top-down
19 
approach. The National Land Use Commission (NLUC) shall draft the National Physical
20 
Framework Plan (NPFP) which shall have a timeframe of thirty (30) years: Provided,
21 
however, That nothing herein shall prevent the NLUC from reviewing and updating at
22 
any time the NPFP where public interest so requires.
23 
The NPFP, which guides the pianning and management of the country's land and
24 
other physical resources at the national and sub-national levels, shall indicate broad
25 
spatial directions and policy guidelines on settlements development, production land
26 
use, protection land use, social services and utilities, and transportation and
27 
communication.
28 
The Regional Physical Framework Plans (RPFPs), Provincial Physical Framework
29 
and Development Plans (PPFDPs), and CLUPs, which shall also have a 30-year
30 
timeframe and cover the physical development of their respective territories, shall be
31 
consistent with the NPFP: Provided, That the integration and harmonization of the
32 
physical framework plans at all levels shall be frequent to ensure that the concerns of
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both top and bottomi levels of government are considered. The physical and land use 
plans prepared at all levels shall have internal consistency specifically on, but not 
limited to, the development, management and conservation of forestlands found 
within a given territory and the linkages of the major land use categories to ensure 
their complementation in the utilization, development and management of resources.
All regional, provincial, city and municipal land use plans and zoning ordinances 
shall only be amended or revised at the earliest after every ten (10) years, except if 
an earlier amendment or revision of the CLUP is authorized by the NLUC due to 
extraordinary causes.
The NLUC shall issue procedural guidelines which shall guide the formulation and 
integration/harmonization process: Provided, That the Department of Economy, 
Planning, and Development (DEPDev), the Department of Human Settlements and 
Urban Development (DHSUD), the Department of the Interior and Local Government 
(DILG) and other agencies shall continue to issue guidelines on the content of the 
plans consistent with their respective agency mandates.
SEC. 6. City and Municipal Land Use Plans. - The City/Municipal Planning 
and Development Office (C/MPDO), in consultation with concerned sectors through 
the conduct of mandatory public hearings/consultations, shall prepare the CLUP to 
determine the specific uses of land and other physical resources therein, including 
areas co-managed with the national government and, as appropriate, the ancestral 
domain areas. The CLUP shall be consistent with the PPFDP and shall define the 
city/municipal development vision, appropriate economic, environmental and social 
development policies, densities and transportation system.
The CLUP may be formulated as a component of a Comprehensive Land Use and 
Development Plan (CLUDP), which merges the traditionally separate CLUP and 
comprehensive development plan to address the disconnect between spatial and 
sectoral factors and to ensure the complementation between the medium- and long­
term concerns.
The CLUP shall be translated into a zoning ordinance by the concerned 
sanggunian to regulate the uses of land, including the limitations on height, density 
and bulk of buildings and other infrastructure that may be placed thereon.
SEC. 7. Provincial Physical Framework and Development Plans
18


1 
(PPFDP). - In consultation with concerned sectors, the Provincial Planning and
2 
Development Office (PPDO) shall prepare a Provincial Physical Framework and
3 
Development Plan (PPFDP) which shall define the province's development vision,
4 
economic and social development policies, general land uses, and inter-city/municipal
5 
transportation system. The PPFDP shall harmonize the land use plans of component
6 
cities and municipalities, taking into consideration shared resources and 
planning
7 
concerns, and define the uses of land and other resources within the province
8 
consistent with the policies in the RPFP. The programs, projects and activities
9 
prescribed in the PPFDP shall be integrated into the provincial development investment
10 
program. The PPDO shall submit the PPFDP to the Provincial Land Use Policy Council
11 
(PLUPC), created under Section 21 of this Act, for review and endorsement to the
12 
Sangguniang Panlalawigan, which shall adopt the same pursuant to the Local
13 
Government Code of 1991.
14 
SEC. 8. Regional Physical Framework Plans. - In consultation with
15 
concerned sectors, the Regional Land Use Policy Council (RLUPC) shall define the
16 
desired spatial arrangement of land-using activities in the entire region, consolidating
17 
and harmonizing the provincial physical framework plans of provinces and
18 
independent cities within the territorial jurisdiction of the region. The regional physical
19 
framework plan, which depicts an end-state scenario toward which efforts and
20 
activities are directed, shall consist of spatially-based and area-focused policies,
21 
consistent with those in the national framework for physical planning, to guide detailed
22 
physical, socio-economic, sectoral and investment planning.
23 
SEC. 9. National Physical Framework Plan. - The NLUC created in Section
24 
14 herein, in consultation with the concerned sectors through the conduct of
25 
mandatory public hearings/ consultations, shall formulate, periodically update and
26 
ensure the implementation of a NPFP that shall prescribe and influence the country's
27 
land use and physical development. The NPFP shall operationalize the policies
28 
provided in this Act and will be the basis for adopting land use and physical planning-
29 
related guidelines and standards, including zoning and other land use control
30 
standards that will guide the formulation of city/municipal zoning ordinances.
31 
The policies prescribed in the NPFP shall be integrated into the MTPDP and
32 
Medium-Term Philippine Investment Program.
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20 
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22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
CHAPTER IV
FRAMEWORK FOR LAND USE PLANNING 
SEC. 10. Priorities in Land Use Aiiocation and Pianning, - In projecting 
spatial allocation for different land uses, the LGUs shall first exclude areas under 
protection land use of Section 13(a) hereof, national parks, energy resource lands, 
and prime agricultural lands to ensure ecological integrity, energy supply, and promote 
food security. Areas with prior rights and those with site-specific resources for basic 
services, such as but not limited to, water and indigenous energy resources, shall also 
be excluded. Spatial allocation and planning shall then proceed in accordance with 
Sections 12 and 13 hereof with priorities given to integrated watershed management 
areas, socialized housing sites, fisherfolk settlement in coastal areas, and waste 
disposal sites.
SEC. 11. Adoption ofMuitipie Uses of Land Resources. - The primary and 
alternative uses of a specific land resource shall be determined and evaluated prior to 
any decision for the assignment of its use. Areas feasible for sustainable land resource 
use may be considered multiple-use zones wherein settlements, tourism, agriculture, 
forestry, agro-forestry and extraction activities and other income-generating or 
livelihood activities may be allowed: Provided, That multiple uses of land resources 
shall be excluded in areas identified as protection land use: Provided, further, That 
such land resources shall be in accordance with priorities in land use allocation and 
planning and that no reclassification shall be allowed.
SEC. 12. Basic Land Use Pianning Considerations. - In determining the 
various land uses, the people and their productive activities and the need for functional 
open spaces and preservation areas, as well as the various interrelationships of the 
physical characteristics of the land and other elements therein shall be considered, 
among others, the following:
a) 
Availability of natural resources, including indigenous energy resources for 
energy security and self-sufficiency;
b) 
Geology, geomorphology, geologic hazard, climate, soil, vegetative cover, 
demography and slope;
c) 
Economic, environmental, cultural, social and related development activities;
20


1 
d) Existing government policies on land and natural resources allocation, utilization,
2 
management and disposition;
3 
e) 
Technological changes/advancement;
4 
f) 
Existing customary rights for the protection of indigenous peoples and vulnerable
5 
groups, including women and urban poor; and
6 
g) Inventory of prior and existing rights to harmonize determination of land use.
7 
SEC 13. Categories of Land Uses for Planning Purposes. - In determining
8 
and defining the national, regional and provincial framework plans, and CLUPs, land
9 
uses shall be grouped into four major functional uses as follows:
10 
a) Protection Land Use. - Planning for protection land use intends to achieve
11 
environmental stability and ecological integrity, ensure a balance between resource
12 
use and the preservation of some areas with environmental, aesthetic, educational,
13 
cultural, heritage and historical significance, and protect people and human-made
14 
structures from the ill-effects of natural hazards. All lands, either public or private,
15 
under protection land use shall be permanently conserved, preserved, rehabilitated
16 
and protected from all other land uses, disposition, intrusion, utilization and
17 
development that is not consistent from its existing uses. Areas under this category
18 
also include those covered by the NIPAS and E-NIPAS Acts and other coastal and
19 
marine protected areas, those areas outside NIPAS and E-NIPAS, but nonetheless
20 
require protection because of their outstanding physical and aesthetic features,
21 
anthropological significance, and biological diversity, and those areas prone to natural
22 
hazards. Areas outside the coverage of the NIPAS and E-NIPAS Acts include, but are
23 
not limited to the following:
24 
(1) Reserved second growth forests above 1,000 meters in elevation and
25 
those 50% in slope gradient;
26 
(2) Mangrove and fish sanctuaries, pursuant to Republic Act No. 8435,
27 
otherwise known as the "Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
28 
(AFMA) of 1997" and Republic Act No. 8550, as amended, otherwise
29 
known as "The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998";
30 
(3) Buffer zones or strips/easements, pursuant to Presidential Decree No.
31 
705, amending Presidential Decree No. 389, otherwise known as the
32 
"Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines" and Presidential Decree No.
21


1 
1067 or the "Water Code of the Philippines";
2 
(4) Salvage zones along foreshore areas, freshwater swamps 
and
3 
marshes, plazas and heritage/historic sites;
4 
(5) Watersheds supporting domestic water supply;
5 
(6) Utility easement-like transmission lines of power companies, oil and
6 
gas facilities, cell sites, and domestic water lines;
7 
(7) Amenity areas or those with high aesthetic values;
8 
(8) Natural and human-made areas/sites of cultural, historical 
and
9 
anthropological significance, which are declared as such by
10 
internationally recognized organizations and concerned national
11 
agencies;
12 
(9) 
Critical habitats as provided in Republic Act No. 9147, otherwise known
13 
as the "Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act";
14 
(10) Significant caves under Republic Act No. 9072, otherwise known as the
15 
"National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act";
16 
or
17 
(11) Key biodiversity areas under Executive Order No. 578, Series of 2006,
18 
otherwise known as the "National Biodiversity Policy";
19 
b) Production Land Use. - Planning for production land shall determine the most
20 
efficient, sustainable, and equitable manner of utilizing, developing and managing land
21 
for productive purposes. Areas included in this category are agricultural lands, fishing
22 
grounds, coastal and marine zones, production forest which comprise lands 18% to
23 
50% in slope gradient such as: residual dipterocarps, rangelands for grazing purposes,
24 
industrial tree plantation/integrated Forest Management Agreement (IFMA),
25 
community-based forest management areas and other reforestation projects, mineral
26 
lands or mining areas and reservations, energy resource lands, industrial development
27 
areas, and tourism development areas where productive activities could be undertaken
28 
to meet the country's requirements for food security, economic growth and
29 
development;
30 
c) Settlements Development. - The settlements development plan ensures for the
31 
present and future generation the following: (i) effective integration of activities within
22


1 
and among settlements, allowing efficient movement of people and production of
2 
commodities through the provision of appropriate iand, infrastructure, and facilities;
3 
and (ii) access of the popuiation to housing, education, health care, recreation,
4 
transportation and communication, sanitation, and basic utilities such as water, power,
5 
waste disposal, and other services; and
6 
d) Infrastructure Development. - Infrastructure development shall refer to the
7 
availability or supply of basic services and fostering of economic and other forms of
8 
integration necessary for producing or obtaining the material requirements of Filipinos,
9 
in an efficient, responsive, safe and ecologicaiiy friendiy built environment. It covers
10 
sub-sectors of transportation, communications, water resources, and social
11 
infrastructure: Provided, That the determination of functional uses of lands within
12 
ancestral domains shall consider traditional resource and management systems that
13 
do not endanger the lives of the people and property of the local community and
14 
neighboring areas or increase the vulnerability of the natural environment to the
15 
effects of natural and human- induced geological processes.
16
17 
CHAPTER V
18 
IMPLEMENTING STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS
19
20 
Article 1
21 
NATIONAL LAND USE COMMISSION
22 
SEC 14. Creation of the National Land Use Commission (NLUC). - The
23 
National Land Use Commission, hereinafter referred to as NLUC, is hereby created as
24 
a Commission under the Office of the President. It shall exercise the powers and
25 
responsibilities of the current DEPDev Board-National Land Use Committee which is
26 
hereby abolished. The NLUC shall act as the highest policy-making body on land use
27 
and resolve land use policy conflicts between or among agencies, branches, or levels
28 
of the government. It shall integrate efforts, monitor developments relating to land
29 
use and the evolution of policies. It may also establish Regional Offices.
30 
SEC. 15. Composition of the NLUC. - The NLUC shall be composed of the
31 
following:
32 
a) The Secretary of DEPDev as Chairperson;
23


1 
b) 
The Secretaries of DENR and DA as Vice-Chairpersons;
2 
c) 
The Secretaries of DAR, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department
3 
of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Department of Transportation (DOTr),
4 
Department of Tourism (DOT), DILG, Department of Justice (DOJ), and
5 
Department of Energy (DOE);
6 
d) A representative each from four (4) basic sectors directly involved in land use,
7 
namely: urban poor, peasants, fisherfolk, and indigenous peoples who shall be
8 
appointed by the President of the Philippines based on the nomination and
9 
recommendation of the respective sectoral councils of the National Anti-Poverty
10 
Commission (NAPC). Two sectoral representatives shall be women; and
11 
e) A representative each from the Leagues of Provinces, Cities and Municipalities.
12 
A consultative body shall likewise be convened by the NLUC at least once a year
13 
or as often as may be necessary. It shall be composed of representatives from the
14 
Leagues of Municipalities, Cities, and Provinces, other government agencies not
15 
represented in the NLUC, and from non-government sectors such as the private sector,
16 
non-government organizations (NGOs) and people's organizations (POs), and the
17 
academic community.
18 
SEC. 16. Powers and Functions. - The NLUC shall have the following powers
19 
and functions:
20 
a) Advise the President of the Philippines and the DEPDev Board on all matters
21 
concerning land use and physical planning;
22 
b) Integrate and harmonize all laws, guidelines and policies relevant to land use
23 
and physical planning to come up with a rational, cohesive, and comprehensive
24 
national land use framework;
25 
c) 
Formulate policies and endorse land use and physical planning-related policies
26 
that may be formulated by the Regional Land Use Policy Council (RLUPC) created
27 
under Section 22 of this Act, and concerned agencies, as well as promulgate
28 
zoning and other Hand use control standards and guidelines which shall guide the
29 
formulation of land use plans and zoning ordinances by LGUs;
30 
d) 
Prepare, periodically review, and if necessary, update the national framework for
31 
physical planning to provide the general framework for the spatial development
24


e)
f)
g)
1 
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 
9
10 
h)
11 
12
13 
i)
14
15
16
17 
j)
18
19
20 
21 
22
23
24
25
26
27
28 
m)
29
30
31
32 
n)
k)
l)
directions for the entire country and sub-national levels;
Review and endorse all land use and physical planning related guidelines; 
Monitor and coordinate the gathering of data, the conduct of studies pertaining 
to land use planning, including studies on the management of identified land 
uses and such other studies not undertaken by other government agencies; 
Recommend to the President of the Philippines the adoption, passage, or 
amendment of laws to ensure that sectoral programs, plans, projects, and 
activities, including local government initiatives affecting land use are consistent 
with national development objectives;
Coordinate with and assist other government agencies and LGUs in planning, 
developing, and implementing their land use classification programs, and 
provide, to the extent possible, technical assistance and guidance;
Monitor and coordinate the activities of concerned agencies and entities of the 
government, as well as LGUs, in the enforcement and implementation of policies 
and regulations relating to land use and resource management and 
development;
Monitor and coordinate activities in the establishment of a national land resource 
information and management system of concerned agencies that shall integrate 
and process information on land use and allocation generated by the various 
national government agencies; define information requirements at various levels; 
and standardize information inputs and outputs, including scales and symbols 
used in territorial and sectoral maps;
Be the repository of all RPFPs, PPFDPs and CLUPs and all data and information 
pertaining to land and land use;
Call on any department, bureau, office, agency, or instrumentality of the 
government, and or private entities and organization for cooperation, support, 
and assistance in the performance of its functions;
Decide and resolVe policy conflicts and territorial jurisdiction on land use between 
or among agencies, branches, or levels of the government and act on unresolved 
land use policy conflicts at the regional level elevated by the Regional Land Use 
Policy Council (RLUPC);
Adopt rules of procedures for the orderly and expeditious conduct of meetings
25


1 
and other business of the Council; and
2 
o) Perform such other acts and functions and exercise such other powers as may
3 
be necessarily implied, inherent, incident, or related to the foregoing.
4 
SEC. 17. NLUC Technical Secretariat (NLUC-TS). - A Technical Secretariat
5 
shall be created to provide technical support to the NLUC. It shall be composed of:
6 
a) DEPDev Undersecretary for Regional Development as Chairperson;
7 
b) 
Representatives of the member agencies/institutions of the NLUC, who shall have
8 
a rank not lower than Director level; and
9 
c) Representatives of the four (4) basic sectors as enumerated in Section 15(d) of
10 
this Act.
11 
SEC. 18. Officesf Units and Staff Support. - The DEPDev 
Regional
12 
Development Office shall continue to provide core secretariat services of NLUC, its
13 
Technical Board and the RLUPCs. Other government agencies may also be called upon
14 
for staff support.
15
16 
ARTICLE 2
17 
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCILS AS LOCAL LAND USE POLICY COUNCILS
18
19 
SEC. 19. City/Municipal Land Use Policy Council (C/MLUPC). - The
20 
City/Municipal Development Council (C/MDC), created under the Local Government
21 
Code of 1991, shall act as the City/Municipal Land Use Policy Council (C/MLUPC) that
22 
will tackle land use concerns, whenever necessary. A duly authorized representative
23 
from the DAR, the DENR and the DA shall be included in the composition of the
24 
C/MLUPC.
25 
In addition to the functions enumerated in the Local Government Code of 1991,
26 
the C/MLUP shall:
27 
a) Advise the Sangguniang Bayan or the Sangguniang Panlungsod on all matters
28 
pertaining to land use and physical planning;
29 
b) Review and endorse to the Sangguniang Bayan or Sangguniang Panlungsod, for
30 
adoption, the CLUP prepared and periodically updated by the City/Municipal
31 
Planning and Development Office and other land use and physical planning-
32 
related policies;
26


1 
c) 
Decide and resolve policy conflicts on land use planning, classification, and
2 
allocation that may arise between and among barangays and any unresolved
3 
land use conflict at the barangay level regarding the violation of zoning
4 
ordinances, including opposition to applications for locational clearances, permits
5 
or certificates; and
6 
d) 
The C/MLUPC may call upon any local official concerned, such as the C/MPDC,
7 
City/Municipal Agriculturist, City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
8 
Officer, City/Municipal Engineer, City/Municipal Assessor, or any official of
9 
national agencies during discussions on land use and physical planning concerns.
10 
For purposes of this Act, the City/Municipal Planning and Development
11 
Coordinator (C/MPDC) shall:
12 
a) 
Act on all applications for locational clearances for all projects except those of
13 
vital and national economic or environmental significance; automate, modernize
14 
and integrate all spatial and non-spatial data related to land within the LGU for
15 
a more effective and efficient use of land information for land use and physical
16 
planning and such other public and private uses;
17 
b) Monitor on-going/existing projects within their respective jurisdictions and issue
18 
notices of violation to owners, developers, or managers of projects that are
19 
violative of zoning ordinances; and
20 
c) 
Convene a Technical Working Group composed of City/Municipal Agriculturist,
21 
City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer, City/Municipal
22 
Engineer, City/Municipal Assessor and such other LGU officials with land related
23 
functions in the preparation of the CLUP. The TWG may request any field officials
24 
of National Government Agencies with land administration function to assist for
25 
the same purpose.
26 
LGUs without operational C/MDCs, as mandated by the Local Government Code
27 
of 1991, shall activate their respective Councils within six (6) months from the
28 
effectivity of this Act.
29 
SEC 20. Provincial Land Use Policy Council (PLUPC). - The Provincial
30 
Development Council (PDC), created under the Local Government Code of 1991, shall
31 
act as the Provincial Land Use Policy Council (PLUPC) that will tackle land use
32 
concerns, whenever necessary. A duly authorized representative from the DENR, DAR
27


1 
and the DA shall be included in the composition of the PLUPC. In addition to the
2 
functions enumerated in the Local Government Code of 1991, the PLUPC shall:
3 
a) Advise the Sangguniang Panlalawigan on all matters pertaining to land use and
4 
physical planning;
5 
b) Review and endorse to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, for adoption, the
6 
provincial physical framework plans, prepared and periodically updated by the
7 
Provincial Planning and Development Office and other land use and physical
8 
planning- related policies;
9 
c) 
Assist the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in reviewing the CLUPs of component
10 
cities/municipalities to ensure consistency with the provincial physical framework
11 
plans and compliance with the limits prescribed under the Local Government
12 
Code of 1991 for reclassifying agricultural lands; and
13 
d) 
Decide and resolve policy conflicts on land use planning, classification, and
14 
allocation that may arise between or among cities/municipalities, and any
15 
unresolved land use conflicts at the city/municipal level.
16 
The PLUPC may call upon any local official concerned, such as the Provincial
17 
Planning and Development Coordinator, Provincial Agriculturist, Provincial
18 
Environment and Natural Resources Officer, Provincial Engineer, Provincial Assessor,
19 
or any official of national agencies and other relevant agencies during discussions on
20 
land use and physical planning concerns.
21 
SEC. 21. Regional Land Use Policy Council (RLUPC). - At the regional level,
22 
the Regional Land Use Policy Council (RLUPC) shall be institutionalized, replicating the
23 
NLUC structure and composition. The RLUPC shall have the following functions:
24 
a) 
Formulate and adopt regional policies on land use and physical planning;
25 
b) 
Prepare and periodically update a regional physical framework plan, taking into
26 
consideration national policies and lower level plans;
27 
c) 
Assist the provinces in preparing and periodically updating its physical framework
28 
plans to ensure consistency with the regional and national plans and policies and
29 
to facilitate its integration to the regional plans;
30 
d) 
Review, prior to adoption by respective sanggunians, the provincial physical
31 
framework plan and CLUPs of highly urbanized and independent component
32 
cities to ensure consistency with the regional physical framework plan and
28


1 
national policies set forth by the NLUC and compliance with limits prescribed
2 
under the Local Government Code of 1991 for reclassifying agricultural lands;
3 
e) 
Decide and resolve policy conflicts on land use planning, classification, and
4 
allocation that may arise between or among regional line agencies, provinces
5 
and cities/municipalities;
6 
f) 
Monitor changes in land use and other physical resources in the region;
7 
g) 
Evaluate consistency of major programs and projects with the RPFPs and their
8 
impact on land use and the environment;
9 
h) Undertake the gathering of regional data for the Land Resource Information and
10 
Management System; and
11 
i) Perform other related functions as may be directed by the NLUC.
12
13 
Article 3
14 
ADOPTION, APPROVAL, AND REVIEW OF LAND USE PLANS
15 
SEC. 22. Component Cities and Municipalities. - Component cities and
16 
municipalities shall have the power and authority to adopt and approve their
17 
respective CLUPs and ZOs through their respective sanggunians, subject to the power
18 
of review of their respective provinces only with respect to the consistency of the
19 
CLUPs and ZOs with this Act on the preparation of the provincial physical framework
20 
plan. Upon adoption and approval of the CLUP and ZO by the sanggunian, all land
21 
areas zoned for residential purposes or for settlements development shall cease to be
22 
covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and therefore, shall
23 
not be required to secure further order of land conversion or exemption certificates
24 
from the DAR, except for the payment of disturbance compensation if appiicable, as
25 
well as the requirements pertaining to the issuance of environmental compliance
26 
certificate (ECC) by the DENR.
27 
SEC. 23. Provinces and Independent and Highly Urbanized Cities. -
28 
Provinces and independent and highly urbanized cities shall have the power and
29 
authority to adopt and approve their respective CLUPs, ZOs or provincial physical
30 
framework plan, as the case may be, through their respective sanggunian, but subject
31 
to the review of the RLUPC as provided in Section 21 of this Act.
32
29


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 
21 
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Article 4
RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND LGUS 
SEC. 24. National Base Mapping Program. - A national mapping program 
shall be implemented, coordinated, and monitored through the creation of an Inter­
agency Technical Committee (ITC) composed of the NAMRIA, as the lead agency, the 
Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM), the Forest Management Bureau 
(FMB), the Land Management Bureau (LMB), the Land Registration Authority (LRA), 
the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB), the Mines and Geosciences Bureau 
(MGB), the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), DAR, the 
National Water Resources Board (NWRB), DOE, DEPDev, and other concerned 
government agencies/bureaus. The ITC shall be constituted, and the mapping 
program shall be initiated, within thirty (30) days from the effectivity of this Act. The 
agencies mentioned in this Section shall endeavor to finish their base mapping 
program within two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act.
The spatial and non-spatial data generated by these activities shall be 
downloaded to the LGU as soon as practicable. On the other hand, existing land 
information data available to the national government agencies as of the effectivity of 
this Act shall be immediately downloaded to the LGU.
For purposes of uniformity and standardization, the LGUs, to be assisted by the 
appropriate agencies of the national government, shall likewise prepare their 
respective territorial maps using scales, symbols, and other indicators to be prescribed 
in accordance with this Act. The completed maps shall be integrated in the national 
physical framework plan pursuant to this Act.
SEC. 25. National Geo-hazard Mapping Program. - Within thirty (30) days 
from the effectivity of this Act, a nationwide geo-hazard mapping program shall be 
initiated jointly thru the NLUC by the PHIVOLCS, the Philippine Atmospheric 
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the NAMRIA, the 
MGB, the BSWM, and the DOE, in coordination with the National Disaster Risk 
Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction 
and Management Council (RDRRMC), and other concerned government agencies. The 
program shall include the generation of indicative geo-hazard zoning maps that will 
outline areas in the Philippines which are prone to liquefaction, landslides, severe
30


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 
21 
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
flooding, lahar, ground rupturing, tsunami, river erosion, coastal erosion, sinkhole 
collapse, earthquake, lava flow, pyroclastic flow, base surge, and other natural 
hazards.
For purposes of uniformity and standardization and in order to develop a safe- 
built environment, the LGUs shall subsequently incorporate and integrate the 
generated geo-hazard zoning maps in their respective CLUPs. These geo-hazard maps 
shall serve as guides for all the LGUs in the preparation of their own hazards- 
constrained development plans. The national physical framework planning, pursuant 
to Section 5 hereof, shall incorporate these geo-hazard maps.
All infrastructure activities including real estate and subdivision projects and the 
development of tourist spots requiring an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) 
shall be required to submit an Engineering Geological and Geo-hazard Assessment 
Report (EGGAR).
SEC. 26. Scape and Nature of Responsibilities of Other National 
Government Agencies. - All concerned national government agencies/bodies shall 
periodically report to the NLUC on the various activities and accomplishments relative 
to land use.
They shall also provide their respective sectoral/development plans and render 
technical and administrative support if called upon by the NLUC relative to the 
implementation of the provisions of this Act.
SEC. 27. Submission of Annual Report on the Implementation of CLUPs. 
-The C/MLUPC shall submit an annual report on the implementation of their land use 
plans to the PLUPC, which shall integrate the same for submission to the RLUPC, which 
shall in turn integrate the provincial reports for submission to the NLUC.
CHAPTER VI
SPECIAL AREAS OF CONCERN
Article 1
AGRICULTURAL LANDS
SEC. 28. Priority Areas for Agricultural Development. - Priority areas for 
agricultural development shall be those agricultural areas covered under the CARL, as
31


1 
amended, and those covered under the Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural
2 
and Agro-Industrial Development (NPAAAD), defined in Section 4 of this Act and in
3 
the AFMA.
4 
SEC. 29. Conversion of Agricultural Lands. - Agricultural lands are deemed
5 
converted to non-agricultural uses upon approval by the DAR of the application for
6 
conversion. Prime agricultural lands and specific types of lands to the extent necessary
7 
for attaining food self-sufficiency in rice and corn and food security in other basic
8 
commodities, as determined by the DA, subject to mandatory public
9 
hearings/consultations with the LGUs, the private sector, the NGOs, and POs, shall be
10 
protected from conversion, which shall include but not limited to areas under the
11 
NPAAAD: Provided, That all irrigated and irrigable lands, all lands developed or
12 
possessing the potential for development of high value crops, and all agricultural lands
13 
that are ecologically fragile and whose conversion will result in serious environmental
14 
problems shall be given full protection from conversion, the areas under which are
15 
subject to review every seven (7) years by the DA, with the mandatory public
16 
hearings/consultations: Provided, further, That consistent with the State poiicy on
17 
giving priority to the completion of the CARP, all lands subject to CARP, including those
18 
lands covered under the notice of compulsory acquisition/voluntary offer to sell,
19 
production or profit-sharing, or commercial farm deferment shall also be protected
20 
from conversion pending the distribution and installation of the farmer beneficiaries:
21 
Provided, furthermore. That the conversion of agricultural lands for use of priority
22 
government projects for basic services, such as, but not limited, to irrigation and
23 
power shall be allowed only upon the recommendation of the Secretaries of the DA
24 
and the DAR: Provided, finally. That the mapping of the NPAAAD under the AFMA shall
25 
be completed within two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act.
26 
Lands defined under Section 10 of Republic Act No. 6657, as amended, otherwise
27 
known as the "Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) of 1988" shall remain
28 
exempted and excluded from the coverage of CARP.
29 
SEC. 30. Sub-classification or Re-ciassification of Agricultural Lands by
30 
LGUs. - Sub-classification or re-classification of agricultural lands to other uses under
31 
the Local Government Code of 1991 shall exclude the protected agricultural lands as
32 
stated in the preceding section. Moreover, such sub- classification/reclassification is
32


1 
not synonymous to conversion. The DA and DAR shall provide the LGUs with complete
2 
list and maps of protected agricultural lands within their territorial jurisdictions.
3
4 
Article 2
5 
FOREST LANDS AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
6 
SEC. 31. Reversion of Aiienabie and Disposable Lands to Forestlands. -
7 
Upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the DENR, duly reviewed and endorsed
8 
by the NLUC, and after due consultations with the concerned LGUs and affected
9 
parties, Congress may authorize the reversion of alienable and disposable lands of the
10 
public domain or portion thereof to forestlands. Thereafter, said lands shall be included
11 
in the preparation of land use plans within forestlands.
12 
SEC. 32. Critical Watershed Areas. - The DENR, in coordination with the DA,
13 
the LGUs, and other government agencies, including government-owned and-
14 
controlled corporations (GOCCs), and with mandatory public hearings/consultations,
15 
shall identify and ddlineate critical watershed areas that need to be protected,
16 
rehabilitated, enhanced, and/or withdrawn from uses that contribute to their further
17 
degradation.
18 
SEC. 33. Formulation and Implementation of Integrated Watershed
19 
Management Plans. — In the absence of a law on the protection and sustainable
20 
management of forests, the LGUs through their local land use councils and upon
21 
mandatory public hearings/consultations with the concerned sectors, and with the
22 
assistance of the DENR, shall prepare their watershed management plans, which shall
23 
be integrated with their respective CLUPs. The formulation and integration of the plan
24 
shall be guided, among others, by the principle that the management and
25 
development of inland water resources shall be at the watershed level. A nationwide
26 
mapping of watersheds in the country shall be implemented.
27 
In cases where the watershed areas transcend the boundaries of a particular
28 
municipality, an inter-LGU committee composed of representatives from local land use
29 
councils of the LGUs where the watershed area is located shall be formed. With the
30 
assistance of the DENR and upon mandatory public hearings/consultations with the
31 
concerned sectors, the inter-LGU committee shall formulate the watershed
32 
management plan for the said watershed area.
33


1 
The DENR and the concerned LGUs shall jointly implement the watershed
2 
management plan, subject to regular consultations with and involvement of the
3 
community and other stakeholders in the implementation of the plan.
4 
The preparation of forest land use plans shall make use of the watershed as the
5 
basic planning unit.
6
7 
Article 3
8 
COASTAL ZONE
9 
SEC. 34. Criteria on the Allocation and Utilization of Lands within the
10 
Coastal Zones. - The allocation and utilization of lands within the coastal zones shall
11 
be guided by the following:
12 
a) Areas vegetated with mangrove species shall be preserved for mangrove
13 
production and shall not be converted to other uses;
14 
b) 
Areas which meet all accepted criteria on elevation, soil type, soil depth,
15 
topography, supply for successful fishpond development, and are not identified
16 
as mangrove protected areas, shall be utilized for aquaculture purposes;
17 
c) 
Areas sub-classified as mangrove and still suitable for use as such, or due to
18 
environmental conditions need to be preserved as mangrove, but is devoid of
19 
mangrove stands shall not be converted to other uses. The DENR shall ensure
20 
that these lands shall be reforested within a given period of time;
21 
d) Areas accessible to the sea and identified for fisherfolk settiement and housing
22 
shall be allocated to traditional fisherfolk who are inhabitants of the coastal
23 
communities and members of legitimate fisherfoik organizations and/or hoiders
24 
of stewardship lease contracts or titles to ancestral domains or any form of
25 
property right arrangements who participate in coastal resource management
26 
initiatives, subject to the usual census procedures of the relevant housing
27 
agency;
28 
e) Areas which are neither sub-classified as mangrove, fisherfolk settlement nor
29 
fishpond may be devoted to recreational or tourism purposes: Provided, That
30 
such undertaking will not result in environmental degradation and displacement
31 
of small fishers;
32 
f) Areas which are considered as traditional fishing grounds shall be used primarily
34


1 
for such purpose;
2 
g) Areas which have been allocated for small infrastructure needed by fisherfolk
3 
shall be allowed; and
4 
h) 
Areas which form part of foreshore lands as defined in this Act including those
5 
which are under lease agreements or arrangements shall undergo zoning and
6 
evaluation to determine their boundaries and actual sizes and corresponding
7 
uses.
8 
SEC. 35. Coastal Land Zone Sub-classification. - All public lands in the
9 
coastal zones shall be sub-classified into any of the following: estuaries, lagoons, inter-
10 
tidal flats, mudflats, fishponds, and mangroves, for protection from tidal surge, and
11 
preservation of biodiversity, habitats and sanctuaries for endangered wildlife,
12 
fisherfolk settlement, or recreational/tourism areas. No sub-classification of coastal
13 
zones to different uses shall be done without the following:
14 
a) 
Conduct of a comprehensive resource and environmental assessment by the
15 
DENR and respective LGUs and accredited NGOs and POs within their
16 
jurisdiction; and
17 
b) Prior consultation with the Local Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management
18 
Councils (FARMCs) formed under the Philippine Fisheries Code.
19 
SEC. 36. Zoning of Foreshore Areas. - LGUs, in coordination with the DENR,
20 
shall conduct zoning of their respective foreshore areas to assist government and
21 
community fishers identify priority areas for conservation and development, and to
22 
enable them to set targets for mangrove reforestation and rehabilitation.
23 
SEC. 37. Protection of Waterways Easements and Flood Plains. -
24 
Structures of any kind shall not be built in waterways easements. Pursuant to the
25 
Water Code, the banks of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes
26 
throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas,
27 
twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along
28 
their margins, are subject to the easement of public use only in the interest of
29 
recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage.
30 
The protection of flood plains shall adopt a river basin management approach in
31 
order to come up with integrated flood mitigation interventions. Development within
32 
flood plains and other flood-prone areas must be controlled or, if allowed, must be so
35


1 
sited, constructed and serviced that the lives of the occupants are not put at risk and
2 
that disruptions during floods are minimal. The identification and characterization of
3 
flood-prone areas and flood plains shall be an integral part of CLUP preparation.
4 
Through the CLUPs and zoning ordinances, LGUs shall establish land use regulations
5 
to mitigate flood risks.
6 
The DPWH, in coordination with the Department of Science and Technology
7 
(DOST) and the DENR, shall declare flood control areas, as necessary, and prohibit or
8 
control activities that could damage or cause deterioration of lakes and dikes, obstruct
9 
the flow of water, change the natural flow of rivers, increase flood losses or aggravate
10 
flood problems pursuant to the Water Code.
11
12 
Article 4
13 
MINERAL LANDS
14 
SEC. 38. Criteria for the Utilization and Allocation of Land for Mining
15 
Purposes. - Consistent with Section 6 of this Act and the provisions of Republic Act
16 
No. 7942, otherwise known as the "Philippine Mining Act of 1995," and to ensure that
17 
the objectives of maintaining ecological balance and maximizing economic returns to
18 
mining operations are realized, the allocation and utilization of lands for mining
19 
purposes shall be guided by the following:
20 
a) 
The principies of sustainable development and responsible mining;
21 
b) 
In case of small-scale mining, adequate and acceptable safeguards shall be
22 
instituted by the holders of mining rights or permits to prevent environmental
23 
degradation of the mining sites and adjacent areas;
24 
c) 
Mineral reservations which have become non-operational for more than five (5)
25 
years as determined by the MGB shall be placed under appropriate surface
26 
management by the DENR;
27 
d) 
Consistent with the Philippine Mining Act of 1995, areas closed to mining
28 
operations shall be periodically reviewed through mineral exploration to be
29 
undertaken by the DENR for the purpose of determining whether or not their
30 
continued closure is consistent with the national interest and, if warranted,
31 
recommend their reclassification as mineral lands;
32 
e) Protection forestlands and agricultural lands shall be exempt from mining
36


1 
activities to minimize the effect of natural calamities and to protect food security,
2 
respectively. The small to large scale mining operations shall yield from and
3 
recognize the tenurial instrument given by the government, such as the Original
4 
Certificate of Title (OCT), Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT), Certificate of
5 
Ancestral Domain Title (CADT), Emancipation Patent - Certificate of Land
6 
Ownership Award (EP-CLOA), and other instruments. If these are present, no
7 
mining activity shall be conducted.
8 
SEC. 39. Reversion of Mineral Lands. - All mineral lands with exhausted
9 
mineral resources, as determined by the MGB upon the recommendation of the DENR,
10 
shall revert to its original land classification, that is, as forestland or agricultural land.
11 
In the case of forestlands, the DENR may classify such areas for other purposes, in
12 
consultation with concerned LGUs, the DOT, and other national government agencies.
13
14 
Article 5
15 
ENERGY RESOURCE LANDS
16 
SEC. 40. Guidelines for the Utilization and Allocation of Lands for
17 
Energy Resource Exploration, Development, Production, Utilization, and
18 
Distribution Purposes. - To ensure that the objectives of maintaining ecological
19 
balance and maximizing the power potential from indigenous energy resources in the
20 
most economical and environmentally-acceptable means are realized, the allocation
21 
and utilization of lands for said purposes shall be guided by the following, consistent
22 
with existing regulations and laws on energy resources:
23 
a) 
Indigenous energy resource exploration and development for the purpose of a
24 
National Energy Resource Inventory and Data Base, as well as Energy Resource
25 
Block Map shall be allowed, subject to the implementation of complementary
26 
watershed and other land management plans;
27 
b) 
Indigenous energy resource exploration, development, production, utilization,
28 
and distribution shall be subject to the appropriate requirements and processes
29 
of the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System. Each project
30 
shall secure an ECC prior to project implementation to ensure adequate and
31 
appropriate environmental management measures and optimum methods for
32 
resource access and recovery are utilized; and
37


1 
c) Energy reservatiions or portions thereof which have become or have been
2 
estabiished to be non-economicaliy viable to operate or are no longer used for
3 
energy purposes shall be released to give way to other land uses, subject to
4 
existing laws covering energy reservations.
5 
SEC. 41. Reversion of Energy Resource Lands. - All exhausted indigenous
6 
energy resource lands not covered by proclamations shall automatically revert to the
7 
category of forestlands or agricultural lands open to disposition, whichever is
8 
appropriate. Exhausted energy resource lands shall refer to specific energy resource
9 
sites whose energy reserves of the desired type/s are no longer in sufficient quantity
10 
or quality to justify additional expenditure for their extraction and utilization.
11
12 
CHAPTER VII
13 
SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT
14 
SEC. 42. Town, City, and Settlements Development. - The development
15 
of town, city, and settlements through the zoning ordinances of cities and
16 
municipalities shall be guided by CLUPs and urban zoning standards designed to
17 
maximize existing urban spaces. Socialized housing and settlement areas shall be
18 
established only on alienable and disposable lands in order to avoid further
19 
degradation of forestlands.
20 
SEC. 43. Settlements Within Geo-hazard Areas. - Settlements, in particular
21 
housing or residential developments, within geo-hazard areas may be allowed
22 
provided that mitigating and/or protective measures are adopted to address the
23 
potential danger or risk to lives and property within such settlements. In coordination
24 
with the concerned agencies of the government, the NLUC shall provide assistance to
25 
concerned LCDs and settlers in instituting safety and corrective measures to address
26 
the potential danger or risk.
27 
Residential zones as designated in the CLUP shall be considered as outside the
28 
geo-hazard areas. For this purpose, housing projects within such areas shall be
29 
exempted from the ECC, as well as the EGGAR and may be implemented without the
30 
need for any further certificate of exemption from the DENR or any other government
31 
regulatory agency.
32 
SEC. 44. Designation of Sanitary Landfill. - Each city or municipality shall
38


1 
identify, designate and allocate an area within their territorial jurisdiction to serve as
2 
sanitary landfill within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act. The LGUs, in
3 
coordination with the DENR or any other competent authority, shall identify sanitary
4 
landfills in order to fast-track the conduct of EIS study and to facilitate processing of
5 
the ECC. The site or area shall be identified in the city or municipality's CLUP. For this
6 
purpose, cities and municipalities shall establish their solid waste management
7 
program, pursuant to Republic Act No. 9003, otherwise known as the "Ecological Solid
8 
Waste Management Act of 2000." In addition, cities and municipalities may, through
9 
appropriate ordinances, bind themselves towards the establishment of a common solid
10 
waste management program.
11 
Within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act, the DENR, in coordination
12 
with concerned agencies, shall promulgate the necessary guidelines and standards for
13 
the formulation and establishment of solid waste management programs by cities and
14 
municipalities, and shall submit the same to the NLUC for review and approval.
15 
SEC. 45. Designation and Zoning of Socialized Housing Zones. - Each
16 
city or municipality in urban, urbanizable and rural areas shall designate through the
17 
CLUP adequate lands for housing or residential purposes, including socialized housing
18 
and resettlement areas for the immediate and future needs of the local population, as
19 
well as the underprivileged and homeless in their territory, pursuant to existing laws
20 
and regulations. In order to ensure adequate availability of land for the housing needs
21 
of the local population, the CLUP shall be updated, at maximum, every ten (10) years
22 
for provinces, cities and municipalities, except if an earlier amendment or revision of
23 
the CLUP is authorized by the NLUC due to extraordinary causes.
24 
The designated sites for socialized housing shall be located in residential zones
25 
and shall be zoned as socialized housing zones that are integrated in the city or
26 
municipality's zoning ordinance, pursuant to existing laws and regulations.
27 
Fisherfolk settlements and housing in coastal municipalities shall be zoned near
28 
the sea for easy access to their livelihood as provided under this Act.
29 
The housing or residential lands designated in the CLUPS and ZOs of cities and
30 
municipalities shall not be subject to further land reclassification by the LGU or land
31 
conversion procedure under DAR. However, agricultural lands as designated in the
32 
CLUP which are no longer economically feasible for agricultural use may be subject to
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land reclassification or conversion to housing/residential purposes and such 
conversion, as the case may be, shall be exempt from the coverage of any moratorium 
on land conversion.
SEC. 46. Urban Forest or Green Space. - Each city or highly urbanizing 
municipality shall identify, designate, and allocate lands owned by the city or 
municipality as urban forest or green space based on the guidelines and standards to 
be issued by the DENR and approved by the NLUC.
CHAPTER VIII
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS 
SEC. 47. Criteria for Designating Industriai Deveiopment Areas. - The
identification and establishment of industrial development areas shall conform with 
the provisions of Republic Act No. 7916, as amended, otherwise known as the "Special 
Economic Zone Act of 1995," CARL, as amended by Republic Act No. 9700, otherwise 
known as the "Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program with Extension and Reforms 
(CARPER) Act," IPRA, UDHA, and AFMA, taking into consideration the following: 
a) Identified network of areas for agricultural development and protected 
agricultural areas pursuant to the AFMA;
National policies on the regional dispersal of industries and agri-based industrial 
development;
Identified growth areas and corridors in the National Development Plan;
NIPAS, E-NIPAS and non-NIPAS areas that require protection;
National and Urban Development and Housing Framework;
Identified Socialized Housing Zones; and
National framework for physical planning and other existing national programs 
and policies.
The designated industrial development areas shall become an integral part of 
the land use plan and zoning ordinance of the city or municipality where these areas 
are located.
CHAPTER IX
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND HERITAGE AREAS
40
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)


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SEC. 48. Designating Tourism Deveiopment Areas. - The identification,
2 
selection, and development of tourism development areas, tourism estates and
3 
tourism enterprise zones (TEZs) shall be done in consultation and coordination with
4 
the concerned LGUs, the TIEZA and concerned national government agencies, the
5 
private sector, and the affected communities, subject to the provisions of the Tourism
6 
Act of 2009. Tourism development areas shall likewise include those covered by
7 
legislative and executive issuances as tourist spots, tourist zones and tourism ecozones
8 
which can be developed into tourism estates or integrated resort, leisure and
9 
recreation complexes and other tourism-related facilities, as well as those identified in
10 
the national, regional and inter-regional tourism, and area-specific tourism master
11 
plans and other sector plans such as ecotourism and agri-tourism sites.
12 
Designated areas for tourism development shall become part of the CLUPs of the
13 
cities or municipalities where these are located.
14 
Lands identified as part of a TEZ shall qualify for exemption from the coverage
15 
of the UDHA and CARL, as amended by CARPER, subject to rules and regulations to
16 
be crafted by the TIEZA, DHUSD, DAR and DA: Provided, That a certificate shall be
17 
obtained from the DA that said lands are no longer economically feasible and sound
18 
for agricultural purposes, consistent with the provisions of this Act.
19 
SEC. 49. Identification and Declaration of Areas for Protection,
20 
Conservation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage. - Pursuant to the National
21 
Cultural Heritage Act of 2009, the NHCP and/or the National Museum, in coordination
22 
with National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), DHSUD, and other
23 
concerned agencies, local communities, and the private sector, shall identify declared
24 
areas and structures which shall be protected and/or preserved as part of the
25 
Philippine cultural heritage.
26 
The LGUs, in coordination with the NHCP, the NCCA and the Cultural Center of
27 
the Philippines (CCP) shall designate historical zones to protect the historical integrity
28 
of said geographical areas and cultural space of intangible cultural properties.
29
30 
CHAPTER X
31 
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
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SEC. 50. Allocation and Use of Land for Infrastructure Development. -
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Land, whether public or private, shall be allocated and utilized for priority 
infrastructure projects that are supportive of national or local development objectives. 
The DEPDev, in consultation with the concerned national government agencies, LCDs, 
and the private sector shall identify and periodically review, update and/or revise the 
list of priority infrastructure projects, subject to the provisions of this Act, and the 
AFMA. In determining and evaluating the list of priority infrastructure projects, 
consideration shall be given to those that:
a) 
Respond to immediate and vital requirements of the national economy with 
priority on improving rural infrastructure and the development of the agriculture 
and fisheries sectors;
b) 
Upgrade existing facilities to international standards;
c) 
Address the need for sustainable settlements development; and
d) 
Help mitigate the destructive effects of natural disaster-causing phenomena or 
those that shall serve as alternatives to existing infrastructures found in natural 
hazard-prone areas: Provided, That the provision and implementation of 
infrastructure support shall be made compatible with existing environmental 
conditions and the physical, whether natural or human-made, and cultural 
character of the area. Mandatory public hearings/consultations pursuant to 
existing laws and regulations shall be held prior to the conduct of all 
infrastructure projects that will necessarily involve dislocation or displacement of 
people in the area: Provided, further. That the proponent of the infrastructure 
project shall follow the rules on just and humane eviction or demolition under 
the UDHA, notwithstanding the provisions of Republic Act No. 8975, prohibiting 
lower courts from issuing temporary restraining orders, preliminary injunctions, 
or preliminary mandatory injunctions, and proponent shall follow IPRA: Provided, 
finaiiy,Jhdt national government infrastructure projects shall allocate budget for 
the adequate relocation of displaced communities.
SEC. 51. Infrastructure Projects Within Geo-hazard Areas. - Construction 
of priority infrastructure projects within hazard-prone areas shall be allowed: Provided, 
That mitigating and/or preventive measures are adopted to address the potential 
adverse economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts that will emanate from 
these infrastructure projects, subject to the findings and recommendations of a
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feasibility study/envitronmental impact assessment in accordance with Presidential 
Decree No. 1586 otherwise known as "Establishing An Environmental Impact 
Statement System, Including Other Environmental Management Related Measures," 
and Republic Act No. 4846, as amended, otherwise known as the "Cultural Properties 
Preservation and Protection Act."
Existing projects that did not go through the process of an environmental impact 
assessment and pose threats to the environment, integrity of historic, archeological, 
or scientifically significant areas; or are impinging on critical ecosystems, may be: a) 
terminated immediately; b) required to implement an Environmental Management 
Plan; c) gradually be phased-out and relocated; or d) maintained up to their life span, 
subject, however, to mitigating measures: Provided, That the rules on mandatory 
public hearings/consultations and just and humane eviction or demolition shall also 
be observed prior to the termination, gradual phase-out, or relocation of projects that 
will necessarily involve dislocation or displacement of people in the area.
CHAPTER XI
TRAINING, EDUCATION, AND VALUE FORMATION 
SEC. 52. Value Formation. - In order to create a well-informed, responsible 
and committed citizenry who values the protection, conservation and development of 
the country's limited land, and other physical resources, the State shall mandate the 
inclusion of sustainable land use education or any subject related thereto in the 
curricula of primary, secondary and tertiary education.
SEC. 53. Information and Education Campaign. - The NLUC shall 
undertake a nationwide education information campaign in land use and physical 
planning to be implemented by local and national government agencies. The DILG and 
concerned agencies shall formulate and implement a land use management capability­
building program for national and local government officials, community leaders, 
NGOs, POs, religious sector, and the general public: Provided, That it shall be 
mandatory for local government officials involved in the preparation of CLUPS and 
PPFDP, including the municipal, city and provincial development officer to attend the 
Land Use Management Capability-Building Program.
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SEC. 54. Skills Training.-The agencies involved in the implementation of this 
Act shall coordinate and partner with the Technical Education and Skills Development 
Authority (TESDA) in the development, delivery, review and improvement of relevant 
training regulations related to the implementation of this Act to ensure that that the 
necessary skilled personnel are available to meet the job demands of this Act.
CHAPTER XII
INCENTIVES, SANCTIONS, AND PENALTIES 
Article 1
INCENTIVES AND AWARDS
SEC. 55. Formulation of a System of Incentives and Awards. - The NLUC 
shall draft and devise a system of incentives and awards to LCDs that regularly update 
their CLUPs within the prescribed period, as follows:
a) 
Provinces, Highly Urbanized Cities, and Independent Component Cities once 
every nine (9) years; and
b) 
Component cities and municipalities once every nine (9) years.
SEC. 56. Priority in Giving Technical Assistance to LGUs. - In providing 
technical assistance and other forms of support related to land use management and 
the implementation of development plans, the national government agencies shall give 
priority to cities and municipalities with approved CLUPs.
Article 2
SANCTIONS AND PENALTIES
SEC. 57. Fine for Non-Compietion and Non-Commencement of 
Development of Agricultural Lands with Approved Order of Conversion. - A
landowner and his/her designated developer or duly authorized representative who 
fails to commence and/or complete the development of agricultural lands with 
approved order of conversion shall be penalized, jointly or severally, with any of the 
following fines based on the zonal value of the land at the time the fine is imposed: 
a) On failure to commence within one year from the date of conversion order:
1) Six percent (6%) of the zonal value of the subject land for the first three
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(3) hectares;
2) 
Fifteen percent (15%) of the zonal value of the subject land for the next 
three (3) hectares; and
3) 
Thirty percent (30%) of the zonal value of the subject land for the 
remaining area: Provided, That the order of conversion shall be deemed 
revoked automatically and the land shall revert to its original agricultural 
use and covered by the DAR through compulsory acquisition for distribution 
to qualified beneficiaries.
b) On failure to complete fifty percent (50%) of the approved conversion plan within 
a specified time frame: Fifty percent (50%) of the zonal value of the subject land 
and the revocation of the conversion plan on the undeveloped portion which shall 
automatically revert to its original use as agricultural land. The same shall be 
covered under the CARP and processed for land distribution as soon as possible. 
SEC. 58. Authority to Impose Fine. - The DAR shall impose the penalty 
provided for under the preceding section.
SEC. 59. Withdrawai of Locai Deveiopment Permits or Licenses. - Upon 
receipt of notice from the DAR, the concerned agencies and the city or municipality 
shall withdraw or revoke any development permit and other licenses that may be 
necessary to develop the agricultural land subject of conversion.
SEC. 60. Utiiization of Fines. - The fines collected under this Act shall 
automatically accrue to the Agrarian Reform Fund, consistent with the provisions of 
the CARL, as amended by the CARPER.
SEC. 61. Faiiure to Formuiate, Enforce, and/orImpiement the CLUPs. -
Consistent with due process, the DILG shall investigate, review, and impose 
appropriate action on local chief executives and other local officials and employees 
responsible for the formulation, enforcement, and/or implementation of the CLUPs in 
case of any of the following:
a) 
Failure to implement and enforce the CLUP due to negligence of duty;
b) 
Failure to provide appropriate budgetary allocation to effect its implementation; 
and
c) 
Failure to complete the preparation of the CLUP, despite the availability of funds, 
resources, and support by the sanggunian concerned.
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Any public official or employee, regardless of whether elected or appointed or
2 
holding office or employment in a casual, temporary, holdover, permanent, or regular
3 
capacity, found to be responsible for any of the foregoing acts, after due notice and
4 
hearing by the appropriate body or agency, shall be punished with forfeiture of salaries
5 
and allowances and suspension ranging from:
6 
a) Six (6) to nine (9) months, in case of non-implementation of CLUP; or
7 
b) Three (3) to six (6) months, in case of non-completion of the CLUP.
8 
SEC. 62. Person(s) Abetting Illegal Conversion. - Any person initiating,
9 
causing, inducing, or abetting illegal conversion shall, upon conviction, be imprisoned
10 
from seven (7) to twelve (12) years, and imposed a fine of not less than One hundred
11 
thousand pesos (P10Q,000.00), or both at the discretion of the court: Provided, That
12 
if the offender is a public official or employee, whether elected or appointed, the
13 
penalty shall, in addition thereto, include dismissal through permanent separation from
14 
the service and forfeiture of all benefits and entitlements accruing to the public
15 
position and perpetual disqualification to run or apply for any elective or appointive
16 
public office: Provided, further. That if the offender is a juridical person, the penalty
17 
of imprisonment shall be imposed on the president, chief executive officer, manager,
18 
chairperson, and all the members of the board, and other responsible officers thereof.
19 
The fine shall be equivalent to the zonal value of the land or forty percent (40%) of
20 
the shareholders equity, as determined at the time of judgment, whichever is higher.
21 
In addition, such violation shall result in the forfeiture of the land in favor of the State
22 
for sale though public auction, the proceeds of which shall automatically accrue to the
23 
Agrarian Reform Fund as provided for in Section 60 of this Act.
24 
SEC. 63. Penalty for Reclassification of Protected Agricultural Lands
25 
and Exceeding the Limit of Areas Allowed for Reclassification. - Any person
26 
initiating, causing, inducing, or abetting the reclassification of protected agricultural
27 
areas into non-agricultural uses and exceeding the limits set forth under the Local
28 
Government Code of 1991, shall be penalized with imprisonment of twelve (12) years
29 
and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00), or both at the
30 
discretion of the court: Provided, That if the offender is a public official or employee,
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from the service, whether elected or appointed, and forfeiture of entitlements accruing
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to the public position, and perpetual disqualification to run or apply for any elective or
2 
appointive public position: Provided, further, That if the offender is a juridical person,
3 
the penalty shall be imposed on the president, chief executive officer, manager,
4 
chairperson and all the members of the board, and other responsible officers thereof.
5 
SEC. 64. Payment of Disturbance Compensation. - Following the order of
6 
priority as enumerated in Section 22 of the CARL, as amended, qualified beneficiaries
7 
such as agricultural lessees and share tenants, regular farm workers, seasonal farm
8 
workers, other farm workers, actual tillers or occupants of public lands, collective, or
9 
cooperative of the above-mentioned beneficiaries, and others directly working on the
10 
land affected by agricultural land use conversion shall be entitled to the payment of
11 
disturbance compensation equivalent to five (5) times the average of the gross
12 
harvests on the landholding during the last five (5) preceding calendar years or a
13 
certain percentage of the converted land, whichever is higher, as determined by the
14 
DAR.
15
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CHAPTER XIII
17 
TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS
18 
SEC. 65. Convening of the NLUC. - Within thirty (30) days from the
19 
effectivity of this Act, the President shall convene the NLUC.
20 
SEC. 66. DAR Conversion of Agricultural Lands. - This Act shall not, in any
21 
way, derogate from the mandate of DAR to facilitate the conversion of agricultural
22 
land under any existing comprehensive agrarian reform policy, directive, or law.
23 
SEC. 67. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - Within six (6) months
24 
from the effectivity of this Act, the NLUC shall promulgate the rules and regulations to
25 
effectively implement the provisions of this Act.
26 
SEC. 68. Congressional Oversight Committee on the Land Use Act. -
27 
There is hereby created a Congressional Oversight Committee which shall monitor the
28 
implementation of this Act. It shall be composed of seven (7) members from the
29 
Senate and seven (7) members from the House of Representatives. The Chairpersons
30 
of the Senate Committee on Environment and Natural Resources and the House of
31 
Representatives Committee on Natural Resources shall be the Chair and Co-Chair of
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the Congressional Oversight Committee, respectively. The other members from the
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Senate shall be 
appointed by the Senate President based on 
proportional
2 
representation of 
the parties or coalitions therein with at least one (1) senator
3 
representing the minority. The other members from the House of Representatives
4 
shall be appointed by the Speaker also based on proportional representation of the
5 
parties or coalitions therein with at least one (1) member representing the minority.
6 
The secretariat of the Oversight Committee shall be drawn from the existing
7 
secretariat personnel of the committees comprising the oversight and funding shall be
8 
taken from the appropriations of both the Senate and the House of Representatives.
9 
SEC. 69. Appropriations. - The appropriations for the initial operations of the
10 
NLUC shall be taken from the budget of the Office of the President in the General
11 
Appropriations Act in the year following the effectivity of this Act. Thereafter,
12 
additional sums as may be necessary for the full implementation of NLUCs functions
13 
shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.
14 
SEC. 70. Review of Existing Land Use Plans. - Provinces, cities, and
15 
municipalities with existing land use plans shall review, revise, reconcile, and
16 
harmonize the same with the guidelines and standards set forth under this Act within
17 
three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act.
18 
SEC. 71. Non-impairment Clause. - Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
19 
diminish, impair, or repeal rights recognized, granted, or available to marginalized or
20 
basic sectors under existing laws including, but not limited to, the DOHA, CARL, IPRA,
21 
and the Philippine Fisheries Code.
22 
SEC. 72. Separability Clause. - If any portion or provision of this Act is
23 
declared unconstitutional, the remainder hereof or any provisions not affected thereby
24 
shall remain in force and effect.
25 
SEC. 73. Repealing Clause. - Any law, presidential decree or issuance,
26 
executive order, letter of instruction, rule, or regulation inconsistent with the
27 
provisions of this Act is hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
28 
SEC. 74. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its
29 
complete publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.
Approved,
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