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EXPLANATORY NOTE,,, : 
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In the report, "Philippines: Torture Persists: Appearance and Reality within the Criminal 
Justice System" published in January 2003 by Amnesty hternational, it was observed that torture 
techniques, including electro-shocks and the use of plastic bags ,to suffocate detainees, were still 
used during arrest and custodial investigation. 
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Amqesty International is not the only international human rights organization which has 
made such comments. According. to the U.S. State Department's. 2001'. Country 
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Human Rights Practices, "there were serious problems in some areas. 
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services were responsible for extrajudicial killings, disappearances, :torture, 
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and detention. There were allegations by humq rights 
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the government sought to intensify its'campaign against the terrorist Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)." 
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A prohibition on torture is foundin Section 19, (2),'+icle III of the Constitution, 
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which 
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(2) The employment: 'of physical 'and ~ psychological, ','or ,,degrading, 
punishment against any prisoner or detainee .or .the use' of -substand&d 
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inadequate penal facilities under subhuman,conditions shall be dealt. with hy'law, 
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Furthermore, by signing and ratifying international treaties ,such as. the 
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Convention on' Civil and Political, Rights, the Convention: Against Torture 
Inhuman or Degrading Punishment, the Convention on the Rig& of a Child, the:Convention 
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the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, and the Universal Declaration 
of Human Rights, the Philippines. is obligated to take effective legislative,, administrative, 
judicial and other measures to prevent torture in any territory under its jurisdiction. ~. 
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However, as observed by Amnesty International,: the persistence of tort&despite 
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legal safeguards highlights "a serious discrepancy between the law and its application within the 
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Under the Penal Code, charges can be filed against torturers for :felonies ',such as 
mutilation, serious physical injuries, rape, and maltreatment o f  prisoners: ' Yet, there 
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a bill which specifically criminalizes acts of torture: 
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different. Torture is Applied to instill fear, punish or exact confessions. It, is, executed, under 
detention which effectively keeps the victims powerless; it 'is'-done by or with the~acqdiescence 
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of public officers. Victims cannot 'avail of existing remedies for fear of reprisal;: the. punishment 
is inadequate and there are not, enough mechanisms that ' ensure accountabili 
circumstmces, the current laws under which such offenses c& be charged are inadequate. I 
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This bill seeks to: (1) penalize, all forms of, tohure; '(2) provide for,, protection of 
complainants and witnesses; (3) provide for special measures for the protection ,of'children; and 
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THIRTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC ) 
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Introduced by Senator Minm'Defensor Santiago ,' 
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PENALIZING THE COMMISSION 
OF,ACTS.OF TORTURE AND'OTHER,CRUEL, 
INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUN1SHMENTS;iAND 
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PROVIDING FOR A REH@ILITATION.PROGRAM~FOR VICT 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives 
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Congress msembled: 
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SECTION 1, Short Title. - This Act shall be knownas the "Anti-Torture Act 
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SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. -It is the policy ofthe State to: , 
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(a) ensure that the rights, 'of all persons, ,'including' suspects," detainees 
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prisoners are respected at all times; 'and that no person placed under investigation or held 
in custody of any person in authority shall be subjected to physical harm, ,. force, 
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violence, 
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threat or intimidation or any act that impairshis,free will; and ' 
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(b) hlly adhere to the principles &d standards on the absolute condemnation and 
prohibition of torture set 'by the Constitution and various international! instruments 
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which the Philippines is a signatory,' such as the Inteinational Covenunt on' Civil and 
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Political Rights, the Convention ,'on the Rights :of-& Child, .:the Convention. on the 
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Elimination of All Forms 'of Discrimination 'Against. Women, and, the Convention ,Against 
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman'or Degrading:Treatment o 
SECTION 3. Torture, W7zen Committed. -,'',Torture" shall b 
an act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or'mental, 
a person for such purposes as obtaining from him,or a #third,person information or 
.~ a confession; 
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he is being punished for an act he or 'a, third person'has committed or 'is' suspected of having 
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committed; or he is being intimidated or coerced; or;,for any reason based'on discnmination of 
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any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation'of,or within the consent 
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include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in, or incident 
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For purposes of this Act, torture shall include but not be'limited to the fo 
(a) Physical Torture, which shall. he :understood, 
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inhuman or degrading hea&ent which causes pain, exhaustion, 'disabil 
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of one or more parts of the body, such as: 
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(1) systematic' beatings, headbahgings, punching, kicking,. 
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the rubbing of pepper ' or 
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(12) other forms of aggravated and deliberate cruel, inhuman or degrading 
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(b) MentaliPsychological Torture, which shall, be understood as referring to, such 
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment calculated to affect or confuse the mind and/or 
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undermine aperson's morale,'such as: 
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(1) blindfolding; 
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with bodily harm,'execution or other wrongful acts; 
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(3) confinement in solitary cells put up in public 'pl 
(4) confinement, in solitary Cells ,again 
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(5) prolonged interrogation so as to, deny normal length 
(6) preparing 'a prisoner for: a "show: &all', ,public, display or. public 
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(8) maltreating 'a memb 
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relatives or any third pirty; 
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in public places, shaving their heads or.putting marks on'their bodies against their 
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(13) other forms ,of deliberate-and aggravated cruel, inhumaq or degradiug 
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mental treatment or,punishment. ' 
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(c) Pharmacological Torture, which shall be understood as referring 
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inhuman or degrading treatment through the use of psychoactive drugs, to: change the 
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perception, memory, alertness, or will of a person, such as: 
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(1) administration ' of ,,drugs to induce confession ' ,or .reduce ' mental 
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(2) the use ~ of' drugs to induce extreme ,p&n or' certain: 
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pharmacological treatment or punishment. , 
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SECTION 4. Freedom from ' Torture us a, n-Deiogable 'Right: - Torhe i s  hereby 
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declared a criminal act. No exceptiond, circumstances' whatsoever, whether, B 
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threat of war, internal political instability, or any other public emergency, m 
justification for torture. 
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Secret detention places,: solitary, incommunicado 'oriother similar If0 
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where torture may be carried on with', irnpuhity,l$e ,,hereby 'proh 
admission or statement obtained as 'a result of torture -shall not be i 
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proceedings, except against a :person. accused of ,torture as evidence 
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SECTION 5. Protection ,of Persons Involved in' Prosecution. '-., Any:.individual who 
alleges he has been subjected to torture shall have the rig&to complain to and:to.have his case 
promptly and impartially examined by, any competent authorities. Steps shall 
that the complainant is protected against all'ill treatment or intimidation ,
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complaint or any given evidence. , 
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Likewise, the State through its appropriate agencies ,shall 'ensure th 
persons involved in the prosecution arid investigation on cases of tortu 
counsel, witnesses and relatives of the victims' of,torture. 
' They shall berprotected from ill 
treatment and any act of intimidation :or reprisal as a resu1t;of 
Any person committing such acts shall be criminally liable. : '  , , .  
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SECTION 6. Assistance in Filing a Complaint. -,A 
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cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment,, or. any interested party 
may seek legal assistance in the proper, handling Ad, filing o f  the complaint 'from the regional 
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offices of the Commission on Human'Rights, the Barangay Hum& Rights Action Center nearest 
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his residence, as well as from human rights non-government , organizations duly; recognized by 
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SECTION 7. Right to Physical and Psychoiogical 
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detained or under custodial investigation shall -have, the~,right to be 
demand a physical and psychological examination by an independent 
his choice before and after interrogation,'; 
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police or security forces. If such person cannot iffor 
provided by the state with a competent'and independent doctor. 
female, she shall be provided with'a female doctor. FurtheAore, every person.&ested, detained 
or under custodial investigation shall have the right to immediate access t 
treatment. 
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and the findings of the physical' and psychological'ex&ination 
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custodial investigation report, othenvise,,such i 
and of no effect whatsoever. Following 'applicable proto 
reports shall, among others, include the following: 
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(b) the name and address of the 
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(8) the time, date and nature of 
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age of eighteen (18) years shall be treated with humanity and,respect for the inherent dignity of 
the human person, and in a manner' which takes into account the needs of persons ,of their age. 
Necessary steps to protect the identity of the child,, as ,well as' to prevent .the. 
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sensationalized publicity of the case sh$l)be undertaken. 
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Every child deprived of liberty :shall be confined in juvenile detenti 
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the child to maintain contact with  his' family through co&pondence 
inviolable, except in exceptional: ,circumstances, inter ,alia, when ,the 
child's family, etc. 
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The Court may, in its discretion, upon .recommendation of 
Welfare and Development (DSWD) 'or such other: agency or,'agencies autho 
release a child on recognizance, to'the custody of his peents,or:other 
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SECTION 10. On Refouler. ' - No person shall be expelled,' returned~!or:lextradited 
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where , ,applicable, 
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Slate of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of hum 
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SECTION 11. Compensation to. Victims, of Torture:':, Any'person' who has 'suffered 
torture shall have the right to claim for compensation as provided for under Republic Act No. 
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compensation be any lower than ten thousand pesos (P10,OOO.OO). Victims of torture shall also 
have the right to claim for compensation from, such other, financial relief progrhs'that may be 
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SECTION 12. Formulation of a'Rehabilitation Program. - Within one:(l) year from the 
effectivity of ,this Act, the DSWD, together with the Department of, Justice (DOJ), ahd the 
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comprehensive rehabilitation program for victims of torture and their faqilies;:,,The:DSWD, 
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and DOH shall also call on human rights non-govenhent organizations duly 
government to actively participate in the forinulation of a,,rehabilitation program' that, shall 
provide for' the physical, mental, social, psychologi 
victims of torture and their families. 
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SECTION 13. Penalty and Person 
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fine not exceeding One Million Pesos :(Pl,OO 
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SECTION 14. Other Penalties. -Persons held guilty by final jud 
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crime of torture beyond reasonable doubt shall ais0 suffer perpetual 
public office, whether elective or appointive;' and. forfeiture of all bene 
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SECTION 15. Education and ' Information Camphign:. - 'The.'CHR,.;the DOJ, the 
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SECTION 15. Education and ' Information Camphign:. - 'The.'CHR,.;the DOJ, the 
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sectors, shall ensure that education.and information regarding.the prohibition against torture shall 
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or treatment of any individual subjected to any'form of arrest, detention or imprisonment. 
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SECTION 16. Implementing 'Rules and 
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consultation with human rights ' non;govemment organizations 
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Act. They shall also ensure the full dissemination of such &les an 
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SECTION 17. Separability Clause. - If any,provision ,of this Act -is,'held invalid or 
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unconstitutional, the remainder of the Act or the provision not otherwise affect,ed ,shall remain 
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SECTION 18. Repealing Clause.' - Any law,:'presidential decree or issuance, 'executive 
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provisions of this Act is hereby repealed, modified or amended,accordingly. 
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SECTION 19. Effectivity;Clause.' -, This,Act, shal1,take 
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publication in at least two newspapers~ of general circulation. 
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