SIXTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
Second Regular Session 
SENATE 
S. B. No. 2680 
Introduced by SENATOR FRANKLIN M. DRILON 
'tl1~dl' 
.,,,.:. "f ii" *,""I*'~ 
AN ACT ADJUSTING THE AMOUNT INVOLVED, VALUE OF PROPERTY 
OR DAMAGE ON WHICH A PENALTY IS BASED AND THE FINES 
UNDER ACT NO. 3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE 
REVISED PENAL CODE 
"In trying to formulate the aims of criminal law, it is important to be aware both of 
the reasons for making the effort and of the nature of the problem it poses."l 
The declaration captures the paradigm our policymakers customarily adopt in 
formulating our country's penal laws, revealing the diverse socio-political aspirations-
advocated and considered during the legislative process. Retribution against the 
offender, deterrence of criminal behavior, protection of the public, rehabilitation of 
the lawbreaker, and restitution to the victim are 4mong the manifold objectives 
carefully weighed by Congress in defining criminal acts and determining the 
corresponding penalties. The formulation of a sound, fair and effective policy against 
criminality involves a delicate balancing act. 
In the 2014 case of Lito Corpuz versus People of the Philippines,2 the Supreme Court 
turned the spotlight on the perceived injustice brought about by the range of 
penalties that the courts continue to impose on crimes committed today, based on 
tlie amount of damage measured by the value of money eighty years ago. The 
discussion called for the "much needed change and updates to archaic laws that were 
promulgated decades ago when the political, socio-economic, and cultural settings 
were far different from today's conditions." Lest the law run the risk of violating the 
constitutional prohibition against' cruel and excessive punishment, the High Court 
urged Congress to wield its power in realigning the law with the goals for its passage. 
The Revised Penal Code serves as the bedrock of the Philippine justice system, upon 
which the underlying principles and prevailing precepts on our society's treatment of 
criminality rest. Since its enactment in 1930, the law remains virtually unchanged-
with only piecemeal amendments incorporated through the years. Eighty years had 
inevitably dulled the edge of a once sharp measure. 
1 Harvard University Professor Henry M_ Hart Jr. The Aims of the Criminal Law, 23 Law and Contemporary 
Problems 401-441 (Summer 1958). Accessed at http://scholarship.law.duke.edullcp/voI23Iiss3/2/ 
2 G.R. No. 180016,29 April 2014. 


The imminent threat of injustice that this instrument of justice might ironically 
engender requires an immediate legislative evaluation and modification. Thus, this 
proposed measure aims to ensure the proportionality of punishment by adjusting the 
amounts stipulated in various provisions of the Revised Penal Code to their present 
values. Guided by the latest amendment to the subsidiary penalty provision of the 
Revised Penal Code, the minimum wage rate prevailing upon the law's passage and 
that applicable today shall be used in updating the outmoded property values used to 
determine the penalty as well as the fines imposed on certain offenses. 
In undertaking these changes to an archaic criminal law, we intend to craft a sound, 
fair and effective policy against criminality that reflects a proper balance among the 
established goals of criminal justice. 
In view of the foregoing, the immediate passage of this bill is earnestly sought. 
F 


SIXTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE 
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 
Second Regular Session 
SENATE 
S. B. No. 2680 
Introduced by SENATOR FRANKLIN M. DRILON 
AN ACT ADJUSTING THE AMOUNT INVOLVED, VALUE OF 
PROPERTY OR DAMAGE ON WHICH A PENALTY IS BASED AND 
THE FINES UNDER ACT NO. 3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE 
KNOWN AS THE REVISED PENAL CODE 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
'Philippines in Congress assembled: 
1 
Section 1. Article 26 of Act No. 3185, is hereby amended to read as 
2 
follows: 
3 
4 
"Article 
26. When 
ajJ1ictive, 
correctional, or light 
5 
penalty. - A fine, whether imposed as a single or as an alternative 
6 
penalty, shall be considered an afflictive penalty, if it exceeds 
7 
[6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; a correctional penalty, if it does not 
8 
exceed [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos but is not less than [200] 
9 
40,000 pesos; and a light penalty if it is less than [200] 40,000 
10 
pesos." 
11 
12 
Section 2. Article 114 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
13 
14 
"Art. 114. Treason. - Any person who, owing allegiance to (the 
15 
United States or) the Government of the Philippine Islands, not 
16 
being a foreigner, levies war against them or adheres to their 
17 
enemies, giving them aid or comfort within the Philippine Islands 
18 
or elsewhere, shall be punished by reclusion temporal to death and 
19 
shall pay a fine not to exceed [P20,000] 4,000,000 pesos. 
20 
21 
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of 
22 
two witnesses at least to the same overt act or on confession of the 
23 
accused in open court. 
1 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
Likewise, an alien, residing in the Philippine Islands, who commits 
acts of treason as defined in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be 
punished by prision mayor to death and shall pay a fine not to 
exceed [P20,OOO] 4,000,000 pesos." 
7 
Section 3. Article 115 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
8 
9 
"Art. 115. Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason; 
10 
Penalty. -
The conspiracy or proposal to commit the crime of 
11 
treason shall be punished respectively, by prision mayor and a fine 
12 
not exceeding [PlO,OOO] 
2,000,000 pesos, 
and prision 
13 
correccional and a fine not exceeding [P5,OOO] 1,000,000 pesos." 
14 
15 
Section 4. Article 129 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
16 
17 
"Art. 129. Search warrants maliciously obtained and 
18 
abuse in the service of those legally obtained. - In addition 
19 
to the liability attaching to the offender for the commission of any 
20 
other offense, the penalty of arresto mayor i,n its maximum period 
21 
to prision correccional in its minimum period and a fine not 
22 
exceeding [P1,OOO] 200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any 
23 
public officer or employee who shall procure a search warrant 
24 
without just cause, or, having legally procured the same, shall 
25 
exceed his authority or use unnecessary severity in executing the 
26 
same." 
27 
28 
Secfion 5. Article 136 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
29 
30 
"Art. 136. Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup 
31 
d'etat, rebellion or insurrection. -
The conspiracy and 
32 
proposal to commit coup d'etat shall be punished by prision mayor 
33 
in minimum period and a fine which shall not exceed [eight 
34 
thousand pesos (P8,ooo.oo)] 1,600,000 pesos. 
35 
36 
The conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion or insurrection 
37 
shall be punished respectively, by prisiop. correccional in its 
38 
maximum period and a fine which shall not exceed [five thousand 
39 
pesos (P5,OOO.oo)] 1,000,000 pesos and by prision correccional 
40 
in its medium period and a fine not exceeding [two thousand pesos 
41 
(P2,OOO.oo)] 400,000 pesos." 
2 


1 
2 
Section 6. Article 140 of same Act is hereby amended to read as 
3 
follows: 
4 
5 
"Art. 140. Penalty for sedition. -
The leader of a sedition 
6 
shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period 
7 
and a fine not exceeding [10,000] 2,000,000 pesos. 
8 
9 
Other persons participating therein shall suffer the penalty of 
10 
prision correccional in its maximum period and a fine not 
11 
exceeding [5,000] 1,000,000 pesos." 
12 
13 
Section 7. Article 141 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
14 
15 
"Art. 141. Conspiracy to commit sedition. -
Persons 
16 
conspiring to commit the crime of sedition shall be punished by 
17 
prision correccional in its medium period and a fine not exceeding 
18 
[2,000] 400,000 pesos." 
19 
20 
'Sec~on 8. Article 142 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
21 
22 
"Art. 142. Inciting to sedition. -
The penalty of prision 
23 
correccional in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding 
24 
[2,000] 400,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who, 
25 
without taking any direct part in the crime of sedition, should,incite 
26 
others to the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute 
27 
sedition, by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, 
28 
cartoons, banners, or other representations tending to the same 
29 
end, or upon any person or persons who shall utter seditious words 
30 
or speeches, write, publish, or circulate scurrilous libels against the 
31 
Government (of the United States or the Government of the 
32 
Commonwealth) of the Philippines, or any of the duly constituted 
33 
authorities thereof, or which tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful 
34 
officer in executing the functions of his office, or which tend to 
35 
instigate others to cabal and meet together for unlawful purposes, 
36 
or which suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots, or which 
37 
lead or tend to stir up the people against the lawful authorities or to 
38 
disturb the peace of the community, the safety and order of the 
39 
Government, or who shall knowingly conceal such evil practices." 
40 
41 
Section 9. Article 143 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
3 


1 
2 
"Art. 143. Act tending to prevent the meeting of the 
3 
Assembly and similar bodies. -
The penalty of prision 
4 
correccional or a fine ranging from [200 to 2,000] 40,000 to 
5 
400,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person who, 
6 
by force or fraud, prevents the meeting of the National Assembly 
7 
(Congress of the Philippines) or of any of its committees or 
8 
subcommittees, constitutional commissions or committees or 
9 
divisions thereof, or of any provincial board or city or municipal 
10 
council or board." 
11 
12 
.Section 10. Article 144 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
13 
14 
"Art. 144. Disturbance of proceedings. -
The penalty of 
15 
arresto mayor or a fine fr9m [200 to 1,000] 40,000 to 200,000 
16 
pesos shall be imposed upon any person who disturbs the meetings 
17 
of the National Assembly (Congress of the Philippines) or of any of 
18 
its committees or subcommittees, constitutional commissions or 
19 
committees or divisions thereof, or of any provincial board or city 
20 
or municipal council or board, or in the presence of any such bodies 
21 
should behave in such manner as to interrupt its proceedings or to 
22 
impair the respect due it." 
23 
24 
Sedion 11. Article 147 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
25 
26 
"Art. 147. Illegal associations. -
The penalty of prision 
27 
correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not 
28 
exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon the 
29 
founders, directors, and presidents of associations totally or 
30 
partially organized for the purpose of committing any of the crimes 
31 
punishable under this Code or for some purpose contrary to public 
32 
morals. Mere members o{ said associations shall suffer the penalty 
33 
of arresto mayor." 
34 
35 
Section 12. Article 148 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
36 
37 
"Art. 148. Direct assaults. -
Any person or persons who, 
38 
without a public uprising, shall employ force or intimidation for the 
39 
attainment of any of the purpose enumerated in defining the crimes 
40 
of rebellion and sedition, or shall attack, employ force, or seriously 
41 
intimidate or resist any person in authority or any of his agents, 
4 


1 
while engaged in the performance of official duties, or on occasion 
2 
of such performance, shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional 
3 
in its medium and maximum periods and a fine not exceeding 
4 
[Pl,OOO] 200,000 pesos, when the assault is committed with a 
5 
weapon or when the offender is a public officer or employee, or 
6 
when the offender lays hands upon it person in authority. If none of 
7 
these circumstances be present, the penalty of prision correccional 
8 
in its minimum period arid a fine not exceeding [Psoo] 100,000 
9 
pesos shall be imposed." 
10 
11 
Section 13. Article 149 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
12 
13 
"Art. 149. Indirect assaults. -
The penalty of prision 
14 
correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not 
15 
exceeding [PSOO] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any 
16 
person who shall make use of force or intimidation upon any person 
17 
coming to the aid of the authorities or their agents on occasion of 
18 
the commission of any of the crimes defined in the next preceding 
19 
article." 
20 
21 
Section 14. Article 150 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
22 
23 
"Art. 150. Disobedience to summons issued by the 
24 
National Assembly, its committees or subcommittees, by 
25 
the 
Constitutional' Commissions, 
its 
committees, 
26 
subcommittees or divisions. - The penalty of arresto mayor or 
27 
a fine ranging from [two hundred to one thousand] 40,000 to 
28 
200,000 pesos, or both such fine and imprisonment shall be 
29 
imposed upon any person who, having been duly summoned to 
30 
attend as a witness before the National Assembly, (Congress), its 
31 
special 
or standing 
committees 
and subcommittees, 
the 
32 
Constitutional Commissions and its committees, subcommittees, or 
33 
divisions, or before any commission or committee .chairman or 
34 
member authorized to summon witnesses, refuses, without legal 
35 
excuse, to obey such summons, or being present before any such 
36 
legislative or constitutional body or official, refuses to be sworn or 
37 
placed under affirmation or to answer any legal inquiry or to 
38 
produce any books, papers, documents, or records in his 
39 
possession, when required by them to do so in the exercise of their 
40 
functions. The same penalty shall be imposed upon any person who 
41 
shall restrain another from attending as a witness, or who shall 
5 


1 
2 
3 
induce disobedience to a summon or refusal to be sworn by any 
such body or official." 
4 
Section 15. Article 151 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
5 
6 
"Art. 151. Resistance and disobedience to a person in 
7 
authority or the agents of such person. -
The penalty of 
8 
arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall 
9 
be imposed upon any person who not being included in the 
10 
provisions of the preceding articles shall resist or seriously disobey 
11 
any person in authority, or the agents of such person, while engaged 
12 
in the performance of official duties. 
13 
14 
When the disobedience to an agent of a person in authority is not of 
15 
a serious nature, the penalty of arresto menor or a fine ranging 
16 
from [10 to PlOO] 2,000 to 20,000 pesos shall be imposed upon 
17 
the offender." 
18 
19 
Section 16. Article 153 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
20 
21 
"Art. 153. Tumults and other disturbance of public 
22 
orders; Tumultuous disturbance or interruption liable to 
23 
cause disturbance. -
The penalty of arresto mayor in its 
24 
medium period to prision correccional in its minimum period and a 
25 
fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon 
26 
any person who shall cause any serious disturbance in a public 
27 
place, office, or establishment, or shall interrupt or disturb public 
28 
performances, functions or gatherings, or peaceful meetings, if the 
29 
act is not included in the provisions of Articles 131 and 132. 
30 
31 
The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed upon persons 
32 
causing any disturbance or interruption of a tumultuous character. 
33 
34 
The disturbance or interr!lption shall be deemed to be tumultuous 
35 
if caused by more than three persons who are armed or provided 
36 
with means of violence. 
37 
38 
The penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any person 
39 
who in any meeting, association, or public place, shall make any 
40 
outcry tending to incite rebellion or sedition or in such place shall 
41 
display placards or emblems which provoke a disturbance of the 
6 


1 
public order. 
2 
3 
The penalty of arresto menor and a fine not to exceed [P200] 
4 
40,000 pesos shall be imposed upon these persons who in 
5 
violation of the provisions contained in the last clause of Article 85, 
6 
shall bury with pomp the body of a person who has been legally 
7 
executed." 
8 
9 
Section 17. Article 154 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
10 
11 
"Art. 154. Unlawful use of means of publication and 
12 
unlawful utterances. - The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine 
13 
ranging from [P200 to P1,OOO] 40,000 to 200,000 pesos shall 
14 
be imposed upon: 
15 
16 
1. Any person who by means of printing, lithography, or any other 
17 
means of publication shall publish or cause t9 be published as news 
18 
any false news which may endanger the public order, or cause 
19 
damage to the interest or credit of the State; 
20 
21 
2. Any person who by the same means, or by words, utterances or 
22 
speeches shall encourage disobedience to the law or to the 
23 
constituted authorities or praise, justifY, or extol any act punished 
24 
bylaw; 
25 
26 
3. Any person who shall maliciously publish or cause to be 
27 
published any official resolution or document without proper 
28 
authority, or before they have been published officially; or 
29 
30 
4. Any person who shall print, publish, or distribute or cause- to be 
31 
printed, published, or distributed books, pamphlets, periodicals, or 
32 
leaflets which do not bear the real printer's name, or which are 
33 
classified as anonymous." 
34 
35 
Section 18. Article 155 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
36 
37 
"Art. 155. Alarms and scandals. -
The penalty of' arresto 
38 
menor or a fine not exceeding [P200] 40,000 pesos shall be 
39 
imposed upon: 
40 
41 
1. Any person who within any town or public place, shall discharge 
7 


1 
any firearm, rocket, firecracker, or other explosives calculated to 
2 
cause alarm or danger; 
3 
4 
2. Any person who shall instigate or take an active part in any 
5 
charivari or other disorderly meeting offensive to another or 
6 
prejudicial to public tranquility; 
7 
8 
3. Any person who, while wandering about at night or while 
9 
engaged in any other nocturnal amusements, shall disturb the 
10 
public peace; or 
11 
12 
4. Any person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall c~use any 
13 
disturbance or scandal in public places, provided that the 
14 
circumstances of the case shall not make the provisions of Article 
15 
153 applicable." 
16 
17 
·Sec?on 19. Article 163 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
18 
19 
"Art. 163. Making and importing and utteringfalse coins. 
20 
-
Any person who makes, imports, or utters false coins, in 
21 
connivance with counterfeiters, or importers, shall suffer: 
22 
23 
1. Prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not 
24 
to exceed [P10,OOO] 2,000,000 pesos, ifthe counterfeited coin be 
25 
silver coin of the Philippines or coin of the Central Bank of the 
26 
Philippines often centavo denomination or above. 
27 
28 
2. Prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a 
29 
fine of not to exceed [P2,OOO] 400,000 pesos, if the coun~erfeited 
30 
coins be any of the minor coinage of the Philippines or of the 
31 
Central Bank of the Philippines below ten-centavo denomination. 
32 
33 
3. Prision correccional in its minimum period and a fine not to 
34 
exceed [P1,OOO] 200,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be 
35 
currency of a foreign country." 
36 
37 
Section 20. Article 164 of same·Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 164. Mutilation of coins; Importation and utterance 
40 
of mutilated coins. - The penalty of prision correccional in its 
41 
minimum period and a fine not to exceed [P2,OOO] 400,000 pesos 
8 


1 
shall be imposed upon any person who shall mutilate coins of the 
2 
legal currency of the United States or of the Philippine Islands or 
3 
import or utter mutilated current coins, or in connivance with 
4 
mutilators or importers." 
5 
6 
Section 21. Article 166 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
7 
8 
"Art. 166. Forging treasury or bank notes on other 
9 
documents payable to bearer; importing, and uttering 
10 
suchfalse or forged notes and documents. - The forging or 
11 
falsification of treasury .or bank notes or certificates or other 
12 
obligations and securities payable to bearer and the importation 
13 
and uttering in connivance with forgers or importers of such false 
14 
or forged obligations or notes, shall be punished as follows: 
15 
16 
1. By reclusion temporal in its minimum period and a fine not to 
17 
exceed [PlO,OOO] 2,000,000 pesos, if the document which has 
18 
been falsified, counterfeited, or altered, is an obligation or security 
19 
of the United States or of the Philippines Islands. 
20 
21 
The word "obligation or security of the United States or of the 
22 
Philippine Islands" shall be held to mean all bonds, certificates of 
23 
indebtedness, national bank notes, fractional notes, certificates of 
24 
deposit, bills, checks, or drafts for money, drawn by or upon 
25 
authorized officers of the United States or of the Philippine Islands, 
26 
and other representatives of value, of whatever denomination, 
27 
which have been or may be issued under any act of the Congress of 
28 
the United States or of the. Philippine Legislature. 
29 
30 
2. By prision mayor in its maximum period and a fine not to exceed 
31 
[P5,OOO] 1,000,000 pesos, ifthe falsified or altered document is a 
32 
circulating note issued by any banking association duly authorized 
33 
by law to issue the same. 
34 
35 
3. By prision mayor in its medium period and a fine not to exceed 
36 
[PS,OOO] 1,000,000 pesos, if the falsified or counterfeited 
37 
document was issued by a foreign government. 
38 
39 
4. By prision mayor in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed 
40 
[P2,OOO] 400,000 pesos, when the forged or altered document is 
41 
a circulating note or bill issued by a foreign bank duly authorized 
9 


1 
therefor." 
2 
3 
Section 22. Article 167 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
4 
5 
"Art. 
167. 
Counterfeiting, importing and uttering 
6 
instruments not payable to bearer. - Any person who shall 
7 
forge, import or utter, in connivance with the forgers or importers, 
8 
any instrument payable to order or other document of credit not 
9 
payable to bearer, shall suffer the penalties of prision correccional 
10 
in its medium and maximum periods and a fine not exceeding 
11 
[P6,000] 1,200,000 pesos." 
12 
13 
Section 23. Article 170 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
14 
15 
"Art. 170. Falsification of legislative documents. -
The 
16 
penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period and a fine 
17 
not exceeding [P6,000] 1,200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon 
18 
any person who, without . proper authority therefor alters any bill, 
19 
resolution, or ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval 
20 
by either House of the Legislature or any provincial board or 
21 
municipal council." 
22 
23 
Section 24. Article 171 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
24 
25 
"Art. 171. Falsification by public officer, employee or 
26 
notary or ecclesiastic minister. -
The penalty of prision 
27 
mayor and a fine not to exceed [PS,ooo] 1,000,000 pesos shall be 
28 
imposed upon any public officer, employee, or notary who, taking 
29 
advantage of his official position, shall falsify a document by 
30 
committing any of the following acts: 
31 
32 
1. Counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature or rubric; 
33 
34 
2. Causing it to appear that persons have participated in any act or 
35 
proceeding when they did,not in fact so participate; 
36 
37 
3. Attributing to persons who have participated in an act or 
38 
proceeding statements other than those in fact made by them;· 
39 
40 
4. Making untruthful statements in a narration of facts; 
41 
10 


1 
5. Altering true dates; 
2 
3 
6. Making any alteration or intercalation in a genuine document 
4 
which changes its meaning; 
5 
6 
7. Issuing in an authenticated form a document purporting to be a 
7 
copy of an original document when no such original exists, or 
8 
including in such a copy a statement contrary to, or different from, 
9 
that of the genuine original; or 
10 
11 
8. Intercalating any instrument or note relative to the issuance 
12 
thereof in a protocol, registry, or official book. 
13 
14 
The same penalty shall be imposed upon any ecclesiastical minister 
15 
who shall commit any of the offenses enumerated in the preceding 
16 
paragraphs of this article, with respect to any record or document of 
17 
such character that its falsification may affect the civil status of 
18 
persons." 
19 
20 
Section 25. Article 172 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
21 
22 
"Art. 172. Falsification by private individual and use of 
23 
falsified documents. - The penalty of prision correccional in its 
24 
medium and maximum periods and a fine of not more than 
25 
[PS,OOO] 1,000,000 pesos shall be imposed upon: 
26 
27 
1. Any private individual who shall commit any of the falsifications 
28 
enumerated in the next flreceding article in any public or official 
29 
document or letter of exchange or any other kind of commercial 
30 
document; and 
31 
32 
2. Any person who, to the damage of a third party, or with the intent 
33 
to cause such damage, shall in any private document commit any of 
34 
the acts of falsification enumerated in the next preceding article. 
35 
36 
Any person who shall knowingly introduce in evidence in any 
37 
judicial proceeding or to the damage of another or who, ':"ith the 
38 
intent to cause such damage, shall use any of the false documents 
39 
embraced in the next preceding article, or in any of the foregoing 
40 
subdivisions of this article, shall be punished by the penalty next 
41 
lower in degree." 
11 


1 
2 
Section 26. Article 174 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
3 
4 
"Art. 174. False medical certificates, false certificates of 
5 
merits or service, etc. -
The penalties of arresto mayor in its 
6 
maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period and 
7 
a fine not to exceed [P1,000] 200,000 pesos shall be imposed 
8 
upon: 
9 
10 
1. Any physician or surgeon who, in connection, with the practice of 
11 
his profession, shall issue a false certificate; and 
12 
13 
2. Any public officer who shall issue a false certificate of merit of 
14 
service, good conduct or similar circumstances." 
15 
16 
Section 27. Article 176 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
17 
18 
"Art. 176. Manufacturing and possession of instruments 
19 
or implements for falsification. -
The penalty of prision 
20 
correccional in its medium and maximum periods and a fine not to 
21 
exceed [PIO,OOO] 2,000,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any 
22 
person who shall make or introduce into the Philippine Islands any 
23 
stamps, dies, marks, or other instruments or implements intended 
24 
to be used in the commission of the offenses of counterfeiting or 
25 
falsification mentioned in the preceding sections ofthis Chapter. 
26 
27 
Any person who, with the intention of using them, shall have in his 
28 
possession any of the instruments or implenients mentioned in the 
29 
preceding paragraphs, shall suffer the penalty next lower in degree 
30 
than that provided therein." 
31 
32 
Section 28. Article 178 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
33 
34 
"Art. 178. Using fictitious name and concealing true 
35 
name. -
The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not to exceed 
36 
[500] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who shall 
37 
publicly use a fictitious name for the purpose of concealing a crime, 
38 
evading the execution of ajudgment or causing damage. 
39 
40 
Any person who conceals his true name and other personal 
41 
circumstances shall be punished by arresto menor or a fine not to 
12 


1 
2 
exceed [200] 40,000 pesos." 
3 
Section 29. Article 180 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
4 
5 
"Art. 180. False testimony against a defendant .. -
Any 
6 
person who shall give false testimony against the defendant in any 
7 
criminal case shall suffer: 
8 
9 
1. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if the defendant in said case 
10 
shall have been sentenced to death; 2. The penalty of pI' is ion mayor, 
11 
ifthe defendant shall have been sentenced to reclusion temporal or 
12 
reclusion perpetua; 3. The penalty of prision correccional, if the 
13 
defendant shall have been sentenced to any other afflictive penalty; 
14 
and 4. The penalty of arresto mayor, if the defendant shall have 
15 
been sentenced to a correctional penalty or a fine, or shall have 
16 
been acquitted. 
17 
18 
In cases provided in subdivisions 3 and 4 of this article the offender 
19 
shall further suffer a fine not to exceed [1,000] 200,000 pesos." 
20 
21 
Section 30. Article 181 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
22 
23 
"Art. 181. False testimony favorable to the defendcmts. -
24 
Any person who shall give false testimony in favor of the defendant 
25 
in a criminal case, shall suffer the penalties of arresto mayor in its 
26 
maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period a 
27 
fine not to exceed [1,000] 200,000 pesos, if the prosecution is for 
28 
a felony punishable by an afflictive penalty, and the penalty of 
29 
arresto mayor in any other case." 
30 
31 
Section 31. Article 182 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
32 
33 
"Art. 182. False testimony in civil cases. - Any person found 
34 
guilty of false testimony in a civil case shall suffer the penalty of 
35 
prision correccional in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed 
36 
[6,000] 1,200,000 pesos, if the amount in controversy shall 
37 
exceed [5,000] 1,000,000 pesos, and the Penalty of arresto mayor 
38 
in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum 
39 
period and a fine not to exceed [1,000] 200,000 pesos, if the 
40 
amount in controversy shall not exceed said amount or cannot be 
41 
estimated." 
13 


1 
2 
Section 32. Article 186 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
3 
4 
"Art. 186. Monopolies and combinations in restraint of 
5 
trade. - The penalty ofprision correccional in its minimum period 
6 
or a fine ranging from [200 to 6,000] 40,000 to 1,200,000 
7 
pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon: 
8 
9 
1. Any person who shall enter into any contract or agreement or 
10 
shall take part in any conspiracy or combination in the form of a 
11 
trust or otherwise, in restraint of trade or commerce or to prevent 
12 
by artificial means free competition in the market; 
13 
14 
2. Any person who shall monopolize any merchandise or object of 
15 
trade or commerce, or shall combine with any other person or 
16 
persons to monopolize and merchandise or object in order to alter 
17 
the price thereof by spreading false rumors or making use of any 
18 
other article to restrain free competition in the market; 
19 
20 
3. Any person who, being a manufacturer, producer, or processor of 
21 
any merchandise or object of commerce or an importer of any 
22 
merchandise or object of commerce from any foreign country, 
23 
either as principal or agent, wholesaler or retailer, shall combine, 
24 
conspire or agree in any manner with any person likewise engaged 
25 
in the manufacture, production, processing, assembling or 
26 
importation of such merchandise or object of commerce or with any 
27 
other persons not so similarly engaged for the purpose of making 
28 
transactions prejudicial to lawful commerce, or of increasing the 
29 
market price in any part of the Philippines, of any such 
30 
merchandise or object of commerce manufactured, produced, 
31 
processed, assembled in or imported into the Philippines, or of any 
32 
article in the manufacture of which such manufactured, pr.oduced, 
33 
or imported merchandise or object of commerce is used. 
34 
35 
If the offense mentioned in this article affects any food substance, 
36 
motor fuel or lubricants, or other articles of prime necessity, the 
37 
penalty shall be that of prision mayor in its maximum and medium 
38 
periods it being sufficient for the imposition thereof that the initial 
39 
steps have been taken toward carrying out the purposes of the 
40 
combination. 
41 
14 


• 
1 
Any property possessed under any contract or by any combination 
2 
mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, and being the subject 
3 
thereof, shall be forfeited to the Government of the Philippines. 
4 
5 
Whenever any of the offenses described ab9ve is committed by a 
6 
corporation or association, the president and each one of its agents 
7 
or representatives in the Philippines in case of a foreign corporation 
8 
or association, who shall have knowingly permitted or failed to 
9 
prevent the commission of such offense, shall be held liable as 
10 
principals thereof." 
11 
12 
·Section 33. Article 187 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
13 
14 
"Art. 187. Importation and disposition offalsely marked 
15 
articles or merchandise made of gold, silver, or other 
16 
precious metals or their alloys. -
The penalty of prision 
17 
correccional or a fine ranging from [200 to 1,000] 40,000 to 
18 
200,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed on any person who shall 
19 
knowingly import or sell or dispose of any article or merchandise 
20 
made of gold, silver, or other precious metals, or their alloys, with 
21 
stamps, brands, or marks which fail to indicate the actual fineness 
22 
or quality of said metals or alloys. 
23 
24 
Any stamp, brand, label, or mark shall be deemed to fail to indicate 
25 
the actual fineness of the article on which it is engraved, printed, 
26 
stamped, labeled or attached, when the rest of the article shows that 
27 
the quality or fineness thereofis less by more than one-half karat, if 
28 
made of gold, and less by more than four one-thousandth, if made 
29 
of silver, than what is shown by said stamp, brand, label or mark. 
30 
But in case of watch cases and flatware made of gold, the actual 
31 
fineness of such gold shall not be less by more than three one-
32 
thousandth than the fineness indicated by said stamp, brand, label, 
33 
or mark." 
34 
35 
Section 34. Article 188 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
36 
37 
"Art. 188. Subsisting and altering trade-mark, trade-
38 
names, or service marks. - The penalty of prision correccional 
39 
in its minimum period or a fine ranging from [50 to 2,000] 
40 
10,000 to 400,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon: 
41 
15 


, 
1 
1. Any person who shall substitute the trade name or trade-mark of 
2 
some other manufacturer or dealer or a colorable imitation thereof, 
3 
for the trademark of the real manufacturer or dealer upon any 
4 
article of commerce and shall sell the same; 2. Any person who shall 
5 
sell such articles of commerce or offer the same for sale, knowing 
6 
that the trade-name or trade- mark has been fraudulently used in 
7 
such goods as described in the preceding subdivision; 3. Any 
8 
person who, in the sale dr advertising of his services, shall use or 
9 
substitute the service mark of some other person, or a colorable 
10 
imitation of such mark; or 4. Any person who, knowing the 
11 
purpose for which the trade-name, trade-mark, or service mark of a 
12 
person is to be used, prints, lithographs, or in any way reproduces 
13 
such trade-name, trade-mark, or service mark, or a colorable 
14 
imitation thereof, for another person, to enable that other person to 
15 
fraudulently use such trade-name, trade-mark, or service mark on 
16 
his own goods or in connection with the sale or advertising of his 
17 
services. 
18 
19 
A trade-name or trade-mark as herein used is a word or words, 
20 
name, title, symbol, emblem, sign or device, or any combination 
21 
thereof used as an advertisement, sign, label, poster, or otherwise, 
22 
for the purpose of enabling the public to distinguish the business of 
23 
the person who owns and uses said trade-name or trade-mark. 
24 
25 
A service mark as herein used is a mark used in the sale or 
26 
advertising of services to identifY the services of one person and 
27 
distinguish them from the services of others and includes without 
28 
limitation the marks, names, symbols, titles, designations, slogans, 
29 
character names, and distinctive features of radio or other 
30 
advertising." 
31 
32 
Section 35. Article 195 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
33 
34 
"Art. 195. What acts are punishable in gambling. -0 (a) The 
35 
penalty of arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding [two hundred] 
36 
40,000 pesos, and, in case of recidivism, the penalty of arresto 
37 
mayor or a fine ranging from [two hundred to six thousand] 
38 
40,000 to 1,200,000 pesos, shall be imposed upon: 
39 
40 
1. Any person other than those referred to in subsections (b) and (c) 
41 
who, in any manner shall directly, or indirectly take part in any 
16 


1 
game of monte, jueteng or any other form of lottery, policy, 
2 
banking, or percentage game, dog races, or any other game of 
3 
scheme the result of which depends wholly or chiefly upon chance 
4 
or hazard; or wherein wagers consisting of money, articles of value 
5 
or representative of value are made; or in the exploitation or use of 
6 
any other mechanical invention or contrivance to determine by 
7 
chance the loser or winner of money or any object or representative 
8 
of value. 
9 
10 
2. Any person who shall knowingly permit any form of gambling 
11 
referred to in the preceding subdivision to be carried on in any 
12 
unhabited or uninhabited place of any building, vessel or other 
13 
means of transportation owned or controlled by him. If the place 
14 
where gambling is carried on has the reputation of a gambling place 
15 
or that prohibited gambling is frequently carried on therein, the 
16 
culprit shall be punished by the penalty provided for in this article 
17 
in its maximum period. 
18 
19 
(b) The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum degree shall 
20 
be imposed upon the maintainer, conductor, or banker in a game of 
21 
jueteng or any similar game. 
22 
23 
(c) The penalty of prision correccional in its medium degree shall be 
24 
imposed upon any person who shall, knowingly and without lawful 
25 
purpose, have in his possession and lottery list, paper or other 
26 
matter containing letters, figures, signs or symbols which pertain to 
27 
or are in any manner used in the game of jueteng or any- similar 
28 
game which has taken place or about to take place." 
29 
30 
Section 36. Article 196 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
31 
32 
"Art. 196. Importation, sale and possession of lottery 
33 
tickets or advertisements. - The penalty of arresto mayor in its 
34 
maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period or a 
35 
fine ranging from [200 t6 2,000] 40,000 to 400,000 pesos, or 
36 
both, in the discretion of the court, shall be imposed upon any 
37 
person who shall import into the philippine Islands from any 
38 
foreign place or port any lottery ticket or advertisement or, in 
39 
connivance with the importer, shall sell or distribute the same. 
40 
41 
Any person who shall knowingly and with intent to use them, have 
17 


1 
in his possession lottery tickets or advertisements, or shall sell or 
2 
distribute the same without connivance with the importer of the 
3 
same, shall be punished by arresto menor, or a fine not exceeding 
4 
[200] 40,000 pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court. 
5 
6 
The possession of any lottery ticket or advertisement shall be prima 
7 
facie evidence of an intent to sell, distribute or use the same in the 
8 
Philippine Islands." 
9 
10 
Section 37. Article 197 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
11 
12 
"Art. 197. Betting in sports contests. - The penalty of arresto 
13 
menor or a fine not exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos, or both, shall 
14 
be imposed upon any person who shall bet money or any object or 
15 
article of value or representative of value upon the result of any 
16 
boxing or other sports contests." 
17 
18 
Section 38. Article 198 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
19 
20 
"Art. 198. Illegal betting on horse race. -
The penalty of 
21 
arresto menor or a fine not exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos, or 
22 
both, shall be imposed upon any person who except during the 
23 
period allowed by law, shall be on horse races. The penalty of 
24 
arresto mayor or a fine ranging from [200 to 2,000] 40,000 to 
25 
400,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person who, 
26 
under the same circumstances, shall maintain or employ a totalizer 
27 
or other device or scheme-for betting on horse races or realizing any 
28 
profit therefrom. 
29 
30 
For the purposes of this article, any race held in the same day at the 
31 
same place shall be held punishable as a separate offense, and if the 
32 
same be committed by any partnership, corporation or association, 
33 
the president and the directors or managers thereof shall be 
34 
deemed to be principals in the offense if they have consented to or 
35 
knowingly tolerated its commission." 
36 
37 
Section 39. Article 199 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 199. Illegal cockfighting. - The penalty of arresto menor 
40 
or a fine not exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos, or both, in the 
41 
discretion of the court, shall be imposed upon: 
18 


1 
2 
1. Any person who directly or indirectly participates in cockfights, 
3 
by betting money or other valuable things, or who organizes 
4 
cockfights at which bets are made, on a day other than -those 
5 
permitted by law. 
6 
7 
8 
9 
2. Any person who directly or indirectly participates in cockfights, 
at a place other than a licensed cockpit.:' 
10 
Section 40. Article 201 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
11 
12 
"Art. 201. Immoral doctrines, obscene publications and 
13 
exhibitions and indecent shows. -
The penalty of prision 
14 
mayor or a fine ranging from [six thousand to twelve tlIousand] 
15 
1,200,000 to 2,400,000 pesos, or both such imprisonment and 
16 
fine, shall be imposed upon: 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
1. Those who shall public.Jy expound or proclaim doctrines openly 
contrary to public morals; 
2. (a) the authors of obscene literature, published with -their 
knowledge in any form; the editors publishing such literature; and 
the owners/operators of the establishment selling the same; (b) 
Those who, in theaters, fairs, cinematographs or any other place, 
exhibit, indecent or immoral plays, scenes, acts or shows, whether 
live or in film, which are prescribed by virtUe hereof, shall include 
those which (1) glorify criminals or condone crimes; -(2) serve no 
other purpose but to satisfy the market for violence, 'lust or 
pornography; (3) offend any race or religion; (4) tend to abet traffic 
in and use of prohibited drugs; and (5) are contrary to law, public 
order, morals, and good customs, established policies, lawful 
orders, decrees and edicts; 
, 
3. Those who shall sell, give away or exhibit films, prints, 
engravings, sculpture or li~erature which are offensive to morals." 
37 
Section 41. Article 202 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 202. Vagrants and prostitutes; penalty. -
The 
40 
following are vagrants: 
41 
19 


1 
1. Any person having no apparent means of subsistence, who has 
2 
the physical ability to work and who neglects to apply himself or 
3 
herself to some lawful calling; 
4 
5 
2. Any person found loitering about public or semi-public buildings 
6 
or places or trampling or wandering about the country or the streets 
7 
without visible means of support; 
8 
9 
3. Any idle or dissolute person who ledges in houses of ill fame; 
10 
ruffians or pimps and those who habitually associate with 
11 
prostitutes; 
12 
13 
4. Any person who, not being included in the provisions of other 
14 
articles of this Code, shall be found loitering in any inhabited or 
15 
uninhabited place belonging to another without any lawful or 
16 
justifiable purpose; 
17 
18 
5. Prostitutes. 
19 
20 
For the purposes of this article, women who, for money or profit, 
21 
habitually indulge in sexual intercl)urse or lascivious conduct, are 
22 
deemed to be prostitutes. 
23 
24 
Any person found guilty of any of the offenses covered by this 
25 
articles shall be punished by arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 
26 
[200] 40,000 pesos, and in case of recidivism, by arresto mayor in 
27 
its medium period to prision correccional in its minimum period or 
28 
a fine ranging from [200 to 2,000] 40,000 to 400,000 pesos, or 
29 
both, in the discretion of the court." 
30 
31 
Section 42. Article 209 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
32 
33 
"Art. 209. Betrayal of trust by an attorney or solicitor. -
34 
Revelation of secrets. 
In addition to the proper 
35 
administrative action, the penalty of prision correccional in its 
36 
minimum period, or a fine ranging from [200 to 1,000] 40,000 to 
37 
200,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any attorney-at-
38 
law or solicitor (procurador judicial) who, by any malicious breach 
39 
of professional duty or of inexcusable negligence or ignorance, shall 
40 
prejudice his client, or reveal any of the secrets of the latter learned 
41 
by him in his professional capacity. 
20 


1 
2 
The same penalty shall be imposed upon an attorney-at-law or 
3 
solicitor (procurador judiciaf) who, having undertaken tbe defense 
4 
of a client or having received confidential information from said 
5 
client in a case, shall undertake the defense of the opposing party in 
6 
the same case, without the consent of his first client." 
7 
8 
Section 43. Article 213 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
9 
10 
"Art. 213. Frauds against the public treasury and ~mila,. 
11 
offenses. -
The penalty of prision correccional in its medium 
12 
period to prision mayor in its minimum period, or a fine ranging 
13 
from [200 to 10,000] 40,000 to 2,000,000 pesos, or botb, shall 
14 
be imposed upon any public officer who: 
15 
16 
1. In his official capacity, in dealing witb any person with regard to 
17 
furnishing supplies, tbe making of contracts, or the adjustment or 
18 
settlement of accounts relating to public property or funds, shall 
19 
enter into an agreement with any interested party or speculator or 
20 
make use of any other scheme, to defraud tbe Government; 2. Being 
21 
entrusted with the collection of taxes, licenses, fees and other 
22 
imposts, shall be guilty or any ofthe following acts or omissions: 
23 
24 
(a) Demanding, directly, or indirectly, the payment of sums 
25 
different from or larger tban those authorized by law. 
26 
27 
(b) Failing voluntarily to issue a receipt, as provided by law, for any 
28 
sum of money collected by him officially. 
29 
30 
(c) Collecting or receiving, directly or indifectly, by way of payment 
31 
or otherwise things or objects of a nature different from that 
32 
provided by law. 
33 
34 
When tbe culprit is an officer or employee of the Bureau of Internal 
35 
Revenue or the Bureal1 of Customs, the provisions of the 
36 
Administrative Code shall be applied." 
37 
38 
Section 44. Article 215 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
39 
40 
41 
"Art. 215. Prohibited transactions. - The penalty of prision 
correccional in its maximum period or a fine ranging from [200 to 
21 


1 
1,000] 40,000 to 200,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon 
2 
any appointive public officer who, during his incumbency, shall 
3 
directly or indirectly become interested in any transaction of 
4 
exchange or speculation within the territory subject to his 
5 
jurisdiction." 
6 
7 
Section 45. Article 216 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
8 
9 
"Art. 216. Possession of prohibited interest by a public 
10 
officer. -
The penalty of arresto mayor in its medium period to 
11 
prision correccional in its minimum period, or a fine ranging from 
12 
[200 to 1,000] 40,000 to 200,000 pesos, or both, shall be 
13 
imposed upon a public officer who directly or indirectly, shall 
14 
become interested in any contract or business in which it is his 
15 
official duty to intervene. 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
This provisions is applicable to experts, arbitrators and private 
accountants who, in like manner, shall take part in any contract or 
transaction connected with the estate or property in appraisal, 
distribution or adjudication of which they shall have acted, and to 
the guardians and executors with respect to the property belonging 
to their wards or estate." 
24 
Section 46. Article 217 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
25 
26 
"Art. 217. Malversation of public funds or property; 
27 
Presumption of malversation. -
Any public officer who, by 
28 
reason of the duties of his office, is accountable for public funds or 
29 
property, shall appropriate the same or shall take or misappropriate 
30 
or shall consent, through abandonment or negligence, shall permit 
31 
any other person to take such public funds, or property, wholly or 
32 
partially, or shall otherwise be guilty of th~ misappropriation or 
33 
malversation of such funds or property, shall suffer: 
34 
35 
1. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum 
36 
periods, if the amount involved in the misappropriation or 
37 
malversation does not exceed [two hundred] 40,000 pesos. 
38 
39 
2. The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum and medium 
40 
periods, if the amount involved is more than [two hundred] 
41 
40,000 pesos but does not exceed [six thousand] 1,200,000 
22 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
pesos. 
3. The penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period to reclusion 
temporal in its minimum period, if the amount involved is more 
than [six thousand] 1,200,000 pesos but is less than [twelve 
thousand] 2,400,000 pesos. 
4. The penalty of reclusion temporal, in its medium and maximum 
periods, if the amount involved is more than [twelve thousand] 
2,400,000 pesos but is less than [twenty-two thousand] 
4,400,000 pesos. If the amount exceeds the latter, the penalty 
shall be reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusion 
perpetua. 
In all cases, persons guilty of malversation shall also suffer the 
penalty of perpetual special disqualification and a fine equal to the 
amount of the funds malversed or equal to the total value of the 
property embezzled. 
The failure of a public officer to have duly forthcoming any public 
funds or property with which he is chargeable, upon demand by any 
duly authorized officer, shall be prima facie evidence that he has put 
such missing funds or property to personal use." 
Section 47. Article 218 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
27 
"Art. 218. Failure of accountable officer to render 
28 
accounts. -
Any public officer, whether in the service or 
29 
separated therefrom by resignation or any other cause, who is 
30 
required by law or regulation to render account to the Insular 
31 
Auditor, or to a provincial auditor and who fails to do so for a 
32 
period of two months after such accounts should be rendered, shall 
33 
be punished by prision correccional in its minimum period, or by a 
34 
fine ranging from [200 to 6,000] 40,000 to 1,200,000 pesos, or 
35 
both." 
36 
37 
Section 48. Article 219 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 219. Failure ofa responsible public officer to render 
40 
accounts before leaving the country: -
Any public officer 
41 
who unlawfully leaves or attempts to leave the Philippine Islands 
23 


1 
without securing a certificate from the Insular Auditor showing that 
2 
his accounts have been finally settled, shall be punished by arresto 
3 
mayor, or a fine ranging from [200 to 1,000] 40,000 to 200,000 
4 
pesos or both." 
5 
6 
Section 49. Article 221 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
7 
8 
"Art. 221. Failure to make delivery of public jitnds 01' 
9 
property. -
Any public officer under obligation to make payment 
10 
from Government funds in his possession, who shall fail to make 
11 
such payment, shall be punished by arresto mayor and a fine from 5 
12 
to 25 per cent of the sum which he failed to pay. 
13 
14 
This provision shall apply to any public officer who, being ordered 
15 
by competent authority to deliver any property in his custody or 
16 
under his administration, shall refuse to make such delivery. 
17 
18 
The fine shall be graduated in such case by the value of the thing, 
19 
provided that it shall not less than [50] 10,000 pesos." 
20 
21 
Section 50. Article 226 of same' Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
22 
23 
"Art. 226. Removal, concealment 01' destruction of 
24 
documents. -
Any public officer who shall remove, destroy or 
25 
conceal documents or papers officially entrusted to him, shall 
26 
suffer: 
27 
28 
1. The penalty of prision mayor and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 
29 
200,000 pesos, whenever serious damage shall have been caused 
30 
thereby to a third party or to the public interest. 
31 
32 
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium 
33 
period and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos, whenever 
34 
the damage to a third party or to the public interest shall not have 
35 
been serious. 
36 
37 
In either case, the additional penalty of temporary special 
38 
disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual disqualification 
39 
shall be imposed." 
40 
41 
Section 51. Article 227 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
24 


1 
2 
"Art. 227. Officer breaking seal. - Any public officer charged 
3 
with the custody of papers or property sealed by proper authority, 
4 
who shall break the seals or permit them to be broken, shall suffer 
5 
the penalties of prision correccional in its minimum and medium 
6 
periods, temporary special disqualification and a fine not exceeding 
7 
[2,000] 400,000 pesos." 
8 
9 
Section 52. Article 228 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
10 
11 
"Art. 228. Opening of Closed documents. - Any public officer 
12 
not included in the provisions of the next preceding article who, 
13 
without proper authority, shall open or shall permit to be opened 
14 
any closed papers, documents or objects entrusted to his custody, 
15 
shall suffer the penalties or arresta mayor, temporary special 
16 
disqualification and a fine of not exceeding [2,000} 400,000 
17 
pesos." 
18 
19 
Section 53. Article 229 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
20 
21 
"Art. 229. Revelation of secrets by an officer. - Any public 
22 
officer who shall reveal any secret known to him by reason of his 
23 
official capacity, or shall wrongfully deliver papers or copies of 
24 
papers of which he may have charge and which should not be 
25 
published, shall suffer the penalties of prision correccional in its 
26 
medium and maximum periods, perpetual special disqualification 
27 
and a fine not exceeding [2,000] 400,000 pesos if the revelation 
28 
of such secrets or the delivery of such papers shall have caused 
29 
serious damage to the public interest; otherwise, the penalties of 
30 
prision correccional in its minimum period, temporary special 
31 
disqualification and a fine not exceeding [50] 10,000 pesos shall 
32 
be imposed." 
33 
34 
Section 54. Article 230 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
35 
36 
"Art. 230. Public officer revealing secrets of private 
37 
individual. -
Any public officer to whom the secrets' of any 
38 
private individual shall become known by reason of his office who 
39 
shall reveal such secrets, shall suffer the penalties of arresto mayor 
40 
and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos." 
41 
25 


1 
Section 55. Article 231 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
2 
3 
"Art. 231. Open diso~edience. -
Any judicial or executive 
4 
officer who shall openly refuse to execute the judgment, decision or 
5 
order of any superior authority made within the scope of the 
6 
jurisdiction of the latter and issued with all the legal formalities, 
7 
shall suffer the penalties of arresto mayor in its medium period to 
8 
prision correccional in its minimum period, temporary special 
9 
disqualification in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding 
10 
[1,000] 200,000 pesos." 
11 
12 
Section 56. Article 233 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
13 
14 
"Art. 233. RefUsal of assistance. -
The penalties of arresto 
15 
mayor in its medium period to prision correccional in its minimum 
16 
period, perpetual special disqualification and a fine not exceeding 
17 
[1,000] 200,000 pesos, shall be imposed upon a public officer 
18 
who, upon demand from competent authority, shall fail to lend his 
19 
cooperation towards the administration of justice or other public 
20 
service, if such failure sh~ll result in serious damage to the public 
21 
interest, or to a third party; otherwise, arresto mayor in its medium 
22 
and maximum periods and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 
23 
pesos shall be imposed." 
24 
25 
Section 57. Article 234 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
26 
27 
"Art. 234. RefUsal to discharge elective office. -
The 
28 
penalty of arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 
29 
pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person who, having been 
30 
elected by popular election to a public office, shall refuse without 
31 
legal motive to be sworn in or to discharge the duties of said office." 
32 
33 
Section 58. Article 235 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
34 
35 
"Art. 235. Maltreatment of prisoners. -
The penalty of 
36 
arresto mayor in its medium period to prision correccional in its 
37 
minimum period, in addition to his liability for the physical injuries 
38 
or damage caused, shalI"be imposed upon any public officer or 
39 
employee who shall overdo himself in the correction or handling of 
40 
a prisoner or detention prisoner under his charge, by the imposition 
41 
of punishment not authorized by the regulations, or by inflicting 
26 


1 
2 
such punishment in a cruel and humiliating manner. 
3 
If the purpose of the maltreatment is to extort a confession, or to 
4 
obtain some information from the prisoner, the offender shall be 
5 
punished by prision correccional in its minimum period, temporary 
6 
special disqualification and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 
7 
pesos, in addition to his liability for the physical injuries or damage 
8 
caused." 
9 
10 
'Section 59. Article 236 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
11 
12 
"Art. 236. Anticipation of duties of a public office. - Any 
13 
person who shall assume the performance of the duties and powers 
14 
of any public officer or employment without first being sworn in or 
15 
having given the bond required by law, shall be suspended. from 
16 
such office or employment until he shall have complied with the 
17 
respective formalities and shall be fined from [200 to 500] 40,000 
18 
to 100,000 to pesos." 
19 
20 
Section 60. Article 237 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
21 
22 
"Art. 237. Prolonging performance of duties and powers. 
23 
-
Any public officer shall continue to exercise the duties and 
24 
powers of his office, employment or commission, beyond the period 
25 
provided by law, regulation or special provisions applicable to the 
26 
case, shall suffer the penalties of prision correccional in its 
27 
minimum period, special temporary disqualification in its 
28 
minimum period and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos." 
29 
30 
Section 61. Article 239 of same:Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
31 
32 
"Art. 239. Usurpation of legislative powers. - The penalties 
33 
of prision correccional in its minimum period, temporary special 
34 
disqualification and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos, 
35 
shall be imposed upon any public officer who shall encroach upon 
36 
the powers of the legislative branch of the Government, either by 
37 
making general rules or regulations beyond the scope of his 
38 
authority, or by attempting to repeal a law or suspending the 
39 
execution thereof." 
40 
41 
Section 62. Article 242 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
27 


1 
2 
"Art. 242. Disobeying request for disqualification. - Any 
3 
public officer who, before the question of jurisdiction is decided, 
4 
shall continue any proceeding after having been lawfully required to 
5 
refrain from so doing, shall be punished by arresto mayor and a fine 
6 
not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos." 
7 
8 
Section 63. Article 243 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
9 
10 
"Art. 243. Orders or requests by executive officers to any 
11 
judicial authority. -
Any executive officer who shall address 
12 
any order or suggestion to any judicial authority with respect to any 
13 
case or business coming within the exclusive jurisdiction of the 
14 
courts of justice shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor a~d a fine 
15 
not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos." 
16 
17 
Section 64. Article 244 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
18 
19 
"Art. 244. Unlawful appointments. - Any public officer who 
20 
shall knowingly nominate or appoint to any public office any person 
21 
lacking the legal qualifications therefor, shall suffer the penalty of 
22 
arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos." 
23 
24 
Section 65. Article 259 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
25 
26 
"Art. 259. Abortion practiced by a physician or midwife 
27 
and dispensing of abortives. -
The penalties provided in 
28 
Article 256 shall be imposed in its maximum period, respectively, 
29 
upon any physician or midwife who, taking advantage of their 
30 
scientific knowledge or skill, shall cause an abortion or assist in 
31 
causing the same. 
32 
33 
Any pharmacist who, without the proper prescription from a 
34 
physician, shall dispense any abortive shall suffer arresto mayor 
35 
and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos." 
36 
37 
Section 66. Article 265 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 265. Less serious physical illiuries. - Any person who 
40 
shall inflict upon another physical injuries not described in the 
41 
preceding articles, but which shall incapacitate the offended· party 
28 


1 
for labor for ten days or more, or shall require medical assistance 
2 
for the same period, shall be guilty of less serious physical injuries 
3 
and shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor. 
4 
5 
Whenever less serious physical injuries shall have been inflicted 
6 
with the manifest intent to kill or offend the injured person, or 
7 
under circums~ances adding ignominy to the offense in addition to 
8 
the penalty of arresto mayor, a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 
9 
pesos shall be imposed. 
10 
11 
Any less serious physical Injuries inflicted upon the offender's 
12 
parents, ascendants, guardians, curators, teachers, or persons of 
13 
rank, or persons in authority, shall be punished by prision 
14 
correccional in its minimum and medium periods, provided that, in 
15 
the case of persons in authority, the deed does not constitute the 
16 
crime of assault upon such person." 
17 
18 
Section 67. Article 266 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
19 
20 
"Art. 266. Slight physical injuries and maltreatment. -
21 
The crime of slight physical injuries shall be punished: 
22 
23 
1. By arresto menor when the offender has inflicted physical injuries 
24 
which shall incapacitate the offended party'for labor from one to 
25 
nine days, or shall require medical attendance duripg the same 
26 
period. 
27 
28 
2. Byarresto menor or a fine not exceeding [20] 4,000 pesos and 
29 
censure when the offender has caused physical injuries which do 
30 
not prevent the offended party from engaging in his habitual work 
31 
nor require medical assistance. 
32 
33 
3. By arresto menor in its minimum period or a fine not exceeding 
34 
[50] 10,000 pesos wheh the offender shall ill-treat another by 
35 
deed without causing any injury." 
36 
37 
Section 68. Article 269 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 269. Unlawful a1'1'est. - The penalty of arresto mayor and 
40 
a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon 
41 
any person who, in any case other than those authorized by law, or 
29 


1 
without reasonable ground therefor, shall arrest or detain another 
2 
for the purpose of delivering him to the proper authorities." 
3 
4 
Section 69. Article 271 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
5 
6 
"Art. 271. Inducing a minor to abandon his home. - The 
7 
penalty of prision correccional and a fine not exceeding [seven 
8 
hundred] 140,000 pesos shall be imposed upon anyone who shall 
9 
induce a minor to abandon the home of his parent or guardians or 
10 
the persons entrusted with his custody. 
11 
12 
If the person committing any of the crimes covered by the two 
13 
preceding articles shall be the father or the mother of the minor, the 
14 
penalty shall be arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding [three 
15 
hundred] 60,000 pesos, or both." 
16 
17 
Section 70. Article 272 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
18 
19 
"Art. 272. Slavery. - The penalty of prision mayor and a fine of 
20 
not exceeding [10,000] 2,000,000 pesos shall be imposed upon 
21 
anyone who shall purchase, sell, kidnap or detain a human being for 
22 
the purpose of enslaving him. 
23 
24 
If the crime be committed for the purpose of assigning the offended 
25 
party to some immoral traffic, the penalty shall be imposed in its 
26 
maximum period." 
27 
28 
Section 71. Article 273 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
29 
30 
"Art. 273. Exploitation of child labor. -
The penalty of 
31 
prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine 
32 
not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon anyone 
33 
who, under the pretext of reimbursing himself of a debt incurred by 
34 
an ascendant, guardian or person entrusted with the custody of a 
35 
minor, shall, against the latter's will, retain him in his service." 
36 
37 
Section 72. Article 276 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 276. Abandoning a minor. -
The penalty of arresto 
40 
mayor and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall be 
41 
imposed upon anyone who shall abandon a child under seven years 
30 


1 
2 
of age, the custody of whi~h is incumbent upon him. 
3 
When the death of the minor shall result from such abandonment, 
4 
the culprit shall be punished by prision correccional in its medium 
5 
and maximum periods; but if the life of the minor shall have been in 
6 
danger only, the penalty shall be prision correccional in its 
7 
minimum and medium periods. 
8 
9 
The provisions contained in the two precedirig paragraphs shall not 
10 
prevent the imposition of the penalty provided ·for the act 
11 
committed, when the same shall constitute a more serious offense." 
12 
13 
Section 73. Article 277 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
14 
15 
"Art. 277. Abandonment of minor by person entrusted 
16 
with his custody; indifference of parents. - The penalty of 
17 
arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall 
18 
be imposed upon anyone who, having charge of the rearing or 
19 
education of a minor, shali deliver said minor to a public institution 
20 
or other persons, without the consent of the one who entrusted such 
21 
child to his care or in the absence of the latter, without the consent 
22 
ofthe proper authorities. 
23 
24 
The same penalty shall be imposed upon the parents who shall 
25 
neglect their children by not giving them tbe education which their 
26 
station in life require and financial conditions permit." 
27 
28 
Section 74. Article 278 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
29 
30 
"Art. 278. Exploitation of minors. -
The penalty of prision 
31 
correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not 
32 
exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon: 
33 
34 
1. Any person who shall cause any boy or girl under sixteen years of 
35 
age to perform any dangerous feat of balancing, physical strength, 
36 
or contortion. 
37 
38 
2. Any person who, being an acrobat, gymnast, rope-walker, diver, 
39 
wild-animal tamer or circus manager or engaged in a similar 
40 
calling, shall employ in exhibitions of these kinds children under 
41 
sixteen years of age who are not his children or descendants. 
31 


1 
2 
3. Any person engaged in any of the callings enumerated in the next 
3 
paragraph preceding who shall employ any descendant of his under 
4 
twelve years of age in such dangerous exhibitions. 
5 
6 
4. Any ascendant, guardian, teacher or person entrusted in any 
7 
capacity with the care of a child under sixteen years of age, who 
8 
shall deliver such child gratuitously to any person following any of 
9 
the callings enumerated in paragraph 2 hereof, or to any habitual 
10 
vagrant or beggar. 
11 
12 
If the delivery shall have been made in consideration of any price, 
13 
compensation, or promise, the penalty shall in every case be 
14 
imposed in its maximum period. 
15 
16 
In either case, the guardian or curator convicted shall also be 
17 
removed from office as guardian or curator; and in the case of the 
18 
parents of the child, they may be deprived, temporarily or 
19 
perpetually, in the discretion of the court, of their parental 
20 
authority. 
21 
22 
5. Any person who shall induce any child under sixteen years of age 
23 
to abandon the home of its ascendants, guardians, curators, or 
24 
teachers to follow any person engaged in any of the callings 
25 
mentioned in paragraph 2 hereof, or to accompany any habitual 
26 
vagrant or beggar." 
27 
28 
Section 75. Article 280 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
29 
30 
"Art. 280. Qualified trespass to dwelling. -
Any private 
31 
person who shall enter the dwelling of another against the hitter's 
32 
will shall be punished by arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding 
33 
[1,000] 200,000 pesos. 
34 
35 
If the offense be committed by means of violence or intimidation, 
36 
the penalty shall be prision correccional in its medium and 
37 
maximum periods and a fine not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 
38 
pesos. 
39 
40 
The provisions of this article shall not be applicable to any person 
41 
who shall enter another's dwelling for the purpose of preventing 
32 


1 
some serious harm to himself, the occupants of the dwelling or a 
2 
third person, nor shall it be applicable to any person who shall enter 
3 
a dwelling for the purpose of rendering some service to humanity or 
4 
justice, nor to anyone who shall enter cafes, taverns, inn and other 
5 
public houses, while the same are open." 
6 
7 
Section 76. Article 281 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
8 
9 
"Art. 281. Other forms of trespass. - The penalty of arresto 
10 
menor or a fine not exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos, or both, shall 
11 
be imposed upon any person who shall enter the closed premises or 
12 
the fenced estate of another, while either or them are uninhabited, 
13 
if the prohibition to enter be manifest and the trespasser .has not 
14 
secured the permission of the owner or the caretaker thereof." 
15 
16 
Section 77. Article 282 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
17 
18 
"Art. 282. Grave threats. -
Any person who shall threaten 
19 
another with the infliction upon the person, honor or property of 
20 
the latter or of his family of any wrong amounting to a crime, shall 
21 
suffer: 
22 
23 
1. The penalty next lower in degree than that prescribed by llj.w for 
24 
the crime be threatened to commit, if the offender shall have made 
25 
the threat demanding money or imposing any other condition, even 
26 
though not unlawful, and said offender shall have attained his 
27 
purpose. If the offender shall not have attained his purpose, the 
28 
penalty lower by two degrees shall be imposed. 
29 
30 
If the threat be made in writing or through a middleman, the 
31 
penalty shall be imposed in its maximum period. 
32 
33 
2. The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding [500] 
34 
100,000 pesos, if the threat shall not have been made subject to a 
35 
condition." 
36 
37 
Section 78. Article 285 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
38 
39 
"Art. 285. Other light threats. - The penalty of arresto menor 
40 
in its minimum period or a fine not exceeding [200] 40,000.pesos 
41 
shall be imposed upon: 
33 


1 
2 
1. Any person who, without being included in the provisions of the 
3 
next preceding article, shall threaten another with a weapon or 
4 
draw such weapon in a quarrel, unless it be in lawful seif-defense. 
5 
6 
2. Any person who, in the heat of anger, shall orally threaten 
7 
another with some harm not constituting a crime, and who by 
8 
subsequent acts show that he did not persist in the idea involved in 
9 
his threat, provided that the circumstances of the offense shall not 
10 
bring it within the provisions of Article 282 ofthis Code. 
11 
12 
13 
14 
3. Any person who shall orally threaten to do another any harm not 
constituting a felony." 
15 
Section 79. Article 286 of same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
16 
17 
"Art. 286. Grave coercions. - The penalty of arresto mayor and 
18 
a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon 
19 
any person who, without authority of law, shall, by means of 
20 
violence, prevent another from doing something not prohibited by 
21 
law, or compel him to do something against his will, whether it be 
22 
right or wrong. 
23 
24 
If the coercion be committed for the purpose of compelling another 
25 
to perform any religious act or to prevent him from so doing, the 
26 
penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed." 
27 
28 
Section 80. Article 287 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
29 
follows: 
30 
31 
"Art. 287. Light coercions. - Any person who, by means of 
32 
violence, shall seize anything belonging to his debtor for the 
33 
purpose of applying the same to the payment of the debt, shall 
34 
suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in its minimum period and a 
35 
fine equivalent to the value of the thing, but in no case less than 
36 
[75] 15,000 pesos. 
37 
38 
Any other coercions or unjust vexations shall be punished 
39 
byarresto menor or a fine ranging from [5] 1,000 pesos to [200] 
40 
40,000 pesos, or both." 
41 
34 


1 
'Section 81. Article 288 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows: 
2 
3 
"Art. 
288. 
Other similar coercions; 
(Compulsory 
4 
purchase of merchandise and payment of wages by 
5 
means of tokens.) -
The penalty of arresto mayor or a fine 
6 
ranging from [200 to 500] 40,000 to 100,000 pesos, or. both, 
7 
shall be imposed upon any person, agent or officer, of any 
8 
association or corporation who shall force or compel, directly or 
9 
indirectly, or shall knowingly permit any laborer or employee 
10 
employed by him or by such firm or corporation to be forced or 
11 
compelled, to purchase merchandise or commodities of any kind. 
12 
13 
The same penalties shall be imposed upon any person who shall pay 
14 
the wages due a laborer or employee employed by him, by means of 
15 
tokens or objects other than the legal tender currency of the laborer 
16 
or employee." 
17 
18 
'Section 82. Article 289 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
19 
follows: 
20 
21 
"Art. 289. Formation~ maintenance and prohibition of 
22 
combination of capital or labor through violence or 
23 
threats. - The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding 
24 
[300] 60,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who, for 
25 
the purpose of organizing, maintaining or preventing coalitions or 
26 
capital or labor, strike of laborers or lock-out of employees, shall 
27 
employ violence or threats in such a degree as to compel or force 
28 
the laborers or employers in the free and legal exercise of their 
29 
industry or work, if the act shall not constitute a more serious 
30 
offense in accordance with the provisions of this Code." 
31 
32 
Section 83. Article 290 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
33 
follows: 
34 
35 
"Art. 290. Discovering secrets through seizure of 
36 
correspondence. -
The penalty of prision correccional in its 
37 
minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding [500] 
38 
100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any private individual who 
39 
in order to discover the secrets of another, shall seize his papers or 
40 
letters and reveal the contents thereof. 
41 
35 


1 
2 
3 
If the offender shall not reveal such secrets, the penalty shall be 
arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding [500]100,000 pesos. 
4 
The provision shall not be applicable to parents, guardians, or 
5 
persons entrusted with the custody of minors with respect to the 
6 
papers or letters of the children or minors placed under their care 
7 
or study, nor to spouses with respect to the papers or letters of 
8 
either ofthem." 
9 
10 
Section 84. Article 291 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
11 
follows: 
12 
13 
"Art. 291. Revealing secrets with abuse of office. -
The 
14 
penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 
15 
pesos shall be imposed upon any manager, employee, or servant 
16 
who, in such capacity, shall learn the secrets of his principal or 
17 
master and shall reveal such secrets." 
18 
19 
Section 85. Article 292 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
20 
follows: 
21 
22 
"Art. 292. Revelation of industrial secrets. - The penalty of 
23 
prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine 
24 
not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon the 
25 
person in charge, employee or woi'!unan of any manufacturing or 
26 
industrial establishment who, to the prejudice of the owner thereof, 
27 
shall reveal the secrets of the industry of the latter." 
28 
29 
Section 86. Article 299 of the. same Act is hereby amended to read as 
30 
follows: 
31 
32 
"Art. 299. Robbery in an inhabited house or public 
33 
building or edifice devoted to worship. - Any armed person 
34 
who shall commit robbery in an inhabited house or public building 
35 
or edifice devoted to religious worship, shall be punished by 
36 
reclusion temporal, if the value of the property taken shall exceed 
37 
[250] 50,000 pesos, and if: 
38 
Ca) The malefactors shall enter the house or building in which the 
39 
robbery was committed, by any of the following means: 
40 
41 
1. Through a opening not intended for entrance or egress. 
36 


1 
2 
2. By breaking any wall, roof, or floor or breaking any door or 
3 
window. 
4 
5 
3. By using false keys, picKlocks or similar tools. 
6 
7 
4. By using any fictitious name or pretending the exercise of public 
8 
authority. 
9 
10 
Orif-
11 
12 
(b) The robbery be committed under any of the following 
13 
circumstances: 
14 
15 
1. By the breaking of doors, wardrobes, chests, or any other kind of 
16 
locked or sealed furniture or receptacle; 
17 
18 
2. By taking such furniture or objects to be broken or forced open 
19 
outside the place of the robbery. 
20 
21 
When the offenders do not carry arms, and the value of the property 
22 
taken exceeds [250] 50~000 pesos, the penalty next lower in 
23 
degree shall be imposed. 
24 
25 
The same rule shall be applied when the offenders are armed, but 
26 
the value of the property taken does not exceed [250] 50,000 
27 
pesos. 
28 
29 
When said offenders do not carry arms and the value of the 
30 
property taken does not exceed [250] 50,000 peSQS, they shall 
31 
suffer the penalty prescribed in the two next preceding paragraphs, 
32 
in its minimum period. 
33 
34 
If the robbery be committed in one of the dependencies of an 
35 
inhabited house, public building, or building dedicated to religious 
36 
worship, the penalties next lower in degree than those prescribed in 
37 
this article shall be imposed." 
38 
39 
Section 87. Article 302 of the' same Act is hereby amended to read as 
40 
follows: 
41 
37 


1 
"Art. 302. Robbery is an uninhabited place or in a private 
2 
building. - Any robbery committed in an uninhabited place or in a 
3 
building other than those mentioned in the first paragraph of 
4 
Article 299, if the value of the property' taken exceeds [250] 
5 
50,000 pesos, shall be punished by prision correccional if any of 
6 
the following circumstances is present: 
7 
8 
1. If the entrance has been effected through any opening not 
9 
intended for entrance or egress. 
10 
11 
2. If any wall, roof, flour or outside door or window has been 
12 
broken. 
13 
14 
3. If the entrance has been effected through the use of false keys, 
15 
picklocks or other similar tools. 
16 
17 
4. If any dorm, wardrobe, chest or by sealed or closed furniture or 
18 
receptacle has been broken. 
19 
20 
5. If any closed or sealed receptacle, as mentioned in the preceding 
21 
paragraph, has been removed even if the 'same to broken open 
22 
elsewhere. 
23 
24 
When the value of the property takes does not exceed [250] 
25 
50,000 pesos, the penalty next lower in degree shall be imposed. 
26 
27 
In the cases specified in Articles 294, 295, 297, 299, 300, and 302 
28 
of this Code, when the property taken is mail matter or large cattle, 
29 
the offender shall suffer the penalties next higher in degree than 
30 
those provided in said arti.cles." 
31 
32 
Section 88. Article 309 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
33 
follows: 
34 
35 
"Art. 309. Penalties. - Any person guilty of theft shall be 
36 
punished by: 
37 
38 
1. The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum and medium 
39 
periods, if the value of the thing stolen is more than [12,000] 
40 
2,400,000 pesos but does not exceed [22,000] 4,400,000 
41 
pesos, but if the value of the thing stolen exceeds the latter amount 
38 


1 
the penalty shall be the maximum period of the one prescribed in 
2 
this paragraph, and one year for each additional ten thousand 
3 
pesos, but the total of the penalty which may be imposed shall not 
4 
exceed twenty years. In such cases, and in connection with the 
5 
accessory penalties which may be imposed and for the purpose of 
6 
the other provisions of this Code, the penalty shall be termed 
7 
prision mayor or reclusion temporal, as the case may be. 
8 
9 
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum 
10 
periods, if the value of the thing stolen is more than [6,.0.0.0] 
11 
1,200,000 pesos but does not exceed [12,.0.0.0] 2,400,000 pesos. 
12 
13 
3. The penalty of prisian correccional in its minimum and medium 
14 
periads, if the value of the property stolen is more than [2.0.0] 
15 
40,000 pesos but does not exceed [6,.0.0.0] 1,200,000 pesos. 
16 
17 
4. Arresto mayor in its medium period to prision correccional in its 
18 
minimum period, if the value of the property stolen is over [sa] 
19 
10,000 pesos but does not exceed [2.0.0] 40,000 pesos. 
20 
21 
5. Arresto mayor to its full extent, if such value is over [5] 1,000 
22 
pesos but daes not exceed [sa] 10,000 pesos. 
23 
24 
6. Arresto mayor in its minimum and medium periods, if such value 
25 
does not exceed [5] 1,000 pesos. 
26 
27 
7. Arresto menor or a fine not exceeding [2.0.0] 40,000 pesos, if 
28 
the theft is committed under the circumstances enumerated in 
29 
paragraph 3 of the next preceding article and the value of the thing 
30 
stolen does not exceed [5] 1,000 pesos. If such value exceeds said 
31 
amount, the provision of any of the five preceding subdivisions shall 
32 
be made applicable. 
33 
34 
8. Arresto menor in its minimum period or a fine not exceeding 
35 
[sa] 10,000 pesos, when the value of the thing stolen is not over 
36 
[5] 1,000 pesos, and the offender shall have acted under the 
37 
impulse of hunger, poverty, or the difficulty of earning a livelihood 
38 
far the support of himself or his family." 
39 
40 
Section 89. Article 311 of the.same Act is hereby amended to read as 
41 
follows: 
39 


1 
2 
"Art. 311. Theft of the property of the National Library 
3 
and National Museum. - If the property stolen be any property 
4 
of the National Library or the National Museum, the penalty shall 
5 
be arresto mayor or a fine ranging from [200] 40,000 to [500] 
6 
100,000 pesos, or both, unless a higher penalty should be 
7 
provided under other provisions of this Code, in which case, the 
8 
offender shall be punished by such higher penalty." 
9 
10 
Section 90. Article 312 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
11 
follows: 
12 
13 
"Art. 312. Occupation of real property or usurpation of 
14 
real rights in property. - Any person who, by means of violence 
15 
against or intimidation of' persons, shall take possession of any real 
16 
property or shall usurp any real rights in property belonging to 
17 
another, in addition to the penalty incurred for the acts of violence 
18 
executed by him, shall be punished by a fine from 50 to 100 per 
19 
centum of the gain which he shall have obtained, but not less than 
20 
[75] 15,000 pesos. If the value of the gain cannot be ascertained, a 
21 
fine of from [200] 40,000 to [500] 100,000 pesos shall be 
22 
imposed." 
23 
24 
Section 91. Article 313 of the same Act is hereby amended to . read as 
25 
follows: 
26 
27 
"Art. 313. Altering boundaries or landmarks. - Any person 
28 
who shall alter the boundary marks or monuments of towns, 
29 
provinces, or estates, or any other marks intended to designate the 
30 
boundaries of the same, shall be punished by arresto menor or a 
31 
fine not exceeding [100] 20,000 pesos, or both." 
32 
33 
Section 92. Article 315 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
34 
follows: 
35 
36 
"Art. 315. Swindling (estafa). - Any person who shall defraud 
37 
another by any of the means mentioned hereinbelow shall be 
38 
punished by: 
39 
40 
1st. The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period to 
41 
prision mayor in its minimum period, if the amount of the .fraud is 
40 


1 
over [12,000] 2,400,000 pesos but does not exceed [22,000] 
2 
4,400,000 pesos, and if such amount exceeds the latter sum, the 
3 
penalty provided in this paragraph shall be imposed in its 
4 
maximum period, adding one year for each additional [10,000] 
5 
2,000,000 pesos; but the total penalty which may be imposed 
6 
shall not exceed twenty years. In such cases, and in connection with 
7 
the accessory penalties which may be imposed under the provisions 
8 
of this Code, the penalty shall be termed prision mayor or reclusion 
9 
temporal, as the case may be. 
, 
10 
11 
2nd. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and 
12 
medium periods, if the amount of the fraud is over [6,000] 
13 
1,200,000 pesos but does not exceed 
[12,000] 2,400,000 
14 
pesos; 
15 
16 
3rd. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision 
17 
correccional in its minimum period if such amount is over [200] 
18 
40,000 pesos but does not exceed [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; and 
19 
20 
4th. Byarresto mayor in its maxiI1'.um period, if such amount does 
21 
not exceed [200] 40,000 pesos, provided that in the four cases 
22 
mentioned, the fraud be committed by any of the following means: 
23 
xxx" 
24 
25 
Section 93. Article 318 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
26 
follows: 
27 
28 
"Art. 318. Other deceits. - The penalty of arresto mayor and a 
29 
fine of not less than the amount of the damage caused and not more 
30 
than twice such amount shall be imposed upon any person who 
31 
shall defraud or damage another by any other deceit not mentioned 
32 
in the preceding articles of this chapter. 
33 
34 
Any person who, for profit or gain, shall interpret dreams, make 
35 
forecasts, tell fortunes, or take advantage of the credulity of the 
36 
public in any other similar manner, shall suffer the penalty of 
37 
arresto mayor or a fine not exceedir.g [200] 40,000 pesos." 
38 
39 
Section 94. Article 321 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
40 
follows: 
41 
41· 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
"Art. 321. Other forms of arson. - When the arson consists in 
the burning of other property and under the circumstances given 
hereunder, the offender shall be punishable: 
1. By reclusion temporal or reclusion perpetua: 
(a) if the offender shall set fire to any. building, farmhouse, 
warehouse, hut, shelter, or vessel in port, knowing it to be occupied 
at the time by one or more persons; 
(b) If the building burned is a public building and value of the 
damage caused exceeds [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; 
(c) If the building burned is a public building and the purpose is to 
destroy evidence kept therein to be used in instituting prosecution 
for the punishment of violators of the law, irrespective of the 
amount of the damage; . 
(d) If the building burned is a public building and the purpose is to 
destroy evidence kept therein to be used in legislative, judicial or 
administrative proceedings, irrespective of the amount of the 
damage; Provided, however, That if the evidence destroyed is to be 
used against the defendant for the prosecution of any crime 
punishable under existing laws, the penalty shall be reclusion 
perpetua; 
(e) If the arson shall have been committed with the intention of 
collecting under an insurance policy against loss or damage by fire. 
2. By reclusion temporal: 
(a) If an inhabited house or any other building in which people are 
accustomed to meet is set on fire, and the culprit did not know that 
such house or building vyas occupied at the time, or if he shall set 
fire to a moving freight train or motor vehicle, and the value of the 
damage caused exceeds [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; 
(b) If the value of the damage caused in paragraph (b) of the 
preceding subdivision does not exceed [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; 
42 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
(c) If a farm, sugar mill, cane mill, mill central, bamboo groves or 
any similar plantation is set on fire and the damage caused.exceeds 
[6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; and 
(d) If grain fields, pasture lands, or forests, or plantings are set on 
fire, and the damage caused exceeds [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos. 
3. By prision mayor: 
(a) If the value of the damage caused in the case mentioned in 
paragraphs (a), (c), and (d) in the next preceding subdivision does 
not exceed [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; 
(b) If a building not used as a dwelling or place of assembly, 
located in a populated place, is set on fire, and the damage caused 
exceeds [6,000] 1,200,000 pesos; 
4. By prision correccional in its maximum period to prision mayor 
in its medium period: 
(a) If a building used as dwelling located in an uninhabited place is 
set on fire and the damage caused exceeds [1,000] 200,000 
pesos; 
(b) If the value or the damage caused in the case mentioned in 
paragraphs (c) and (d) of subdivision 2 of this article does not 
exceed [200] 40,000 pE!Sos. 
5. By prision correccional in its medium period to prision mayor in 
its minimum period, when the damage caused is over [200] 
40,000 pesos but does not exceed [1,000] 200,000 pesos, and 
the property referred to in paragraph (a) of the preceding 
subdivision is set on fire; but when the value of such property does 
not exceed [200] 40,000 pesos, the penalty next lower in degree 
than that prescribed in this subdivision shall be imposed. 
6. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum 
periods, if the damage caused in the case mentioned in paragraph 
(b) of subdivision 3 of this article does not exceed [6,000] 
1,200,000 pesos but is over [200] 40,000 pesos. 
43 


1 
7. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium 
2 
periods, if the damage ca)lsed in the case mentioned paragraph (b) 
3 
subdivision 3 ofthis article does not exceed [200] 40,000 pesos. 
4 
5 
8. The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine ranging from fifty to 
6 
one hundred per centum if the damage caused shall be imposed, 
7 
when the property burned consists of grain fields, pasture lands, 
8 
forests, or plantations when the value of such property does not 
9 
exceed [200] 40,000 pesos." 
10 
11 
Section 95. Article 322 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
12 
follows: 
13 
14 
"Art. 322. Cases of arson not included in the preceding 
15 
articles. - Cases of arson not iucluded in the next preceding 
16 
articles shall be punished: 
17 
18 
1. By arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods, when the 
19 
damage caused does not e)(ceed [50] 10,000 pesos; 
20 
21 
2. By arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional 
22 
in its minimum period, when the damage caused is over· [50] 
23 
10,000 pesos but does not exceed [200] 40,000 pesos; 
24 
25 
3. By prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if 
26 
the damage caused is over [200] 40,000 pesos but does not 
27 
exceed [1,000] 200,000 pesos; and 
28 
29 
4. By prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if it 
30 
is over [1,000] 200,000 pesos." 
31 
32 
Section 96. Article 323 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
33 
.follows: 
34 
35 
"Art. 323. Arson of property of small value. - The arson of 
36 
any uninhabited hut, stor~house, barn, shed, or any other property 
37 
the value of which does not exceed [25] 5,000 pesos, committed at 
38 
a time or under circumstances which clearly exclude all danger of 
39 
the fire spreading, shall not be punished by the penalties 
40 
respectively prescribed in this chapter, but in accordance with the 
41 
damage caused and under the provisions oftbe following chapter." 
44 


1 
2 
Section 97. Article 328 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
3 
follows: 
4 
5 
"Art. 328. Special cases of malicious mischief. - Any person 
6 
who shall cause damage to obstruct the performance of public 
7 
functions, or using any poisonous or corrosive substance; or 
8 
spreading any infection or contagion among cattle; or who cause 
9 
damage to the property of the National Museum or National 
10 
Library, or to any archive or registry, waterworks, road, promenade, 
11 
or any other thing used in common by the public, shall be punished: 
12 
13 
1. By prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if 
14 
the value of the damage caused exceeds [1,.0.0.0] 200,000 pesos; 
15 
16 
2. Byarresto mayor, if such value does not exceed the 
17 
abovementioned amount but it is over [2.00] 40,000 pesos; and 
18 
19 
3. Byarresto menor, in such value does not exceed [2.0.0] 40,000 
20 
pesos." 
21 
22 
Section 98. Article 329 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
23 
follows: 
24 
25 
"Art. 329. Other mischiefs. - The mischiefs not included in the 
26 
next preceding article shall be punished: 
27 
28 
1. Byarresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods, if the 
29 
value of the damage caused exceeds [1,.0.0.0] 200,000 pesos; 
30 
31 
2. By arresto mayor in its minimum and medium periods, if such 
32 
value is over [2.0.0] 40,000 pesos but does not exceed [1,.0.0.0] 
33 
200,000 pesos; and 
34 
35 
3. By arresto menor or fine of not less than the value of the damage 
36 
caused and not more than [2.0.0] 40,000. pesos, if the amount 
37 
involved does not exceed [2.0.0] 40,000 
pesos or cannot be 
38 
estimated." 
39 
40 
Section 99. Article 331 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
41 
follows: 
45 


1 
2 
"Art. 331. Destroying or damaging statues, public 
3 
monuments or paintings. - Any person who shall destroy or 
4 
damage statues or any other useful or ornamental public 
5 
monument shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor in its medium 
6 
period to prision correccional in its minimum period. 
7 
8 
Any person who shall destroy or damage any useful or ornamental 
9 
painting of a public nature shall suffer the penalty of arresto menor 
10 
or a fine not exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos, or both such fine and 
11 
imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. ~' 
12 
13 
Section 100. Article 347 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
14 
follows: 
15 
16 
"Art. 347. Simulation of births, substitution of one child 
17 
for another and concealment or abandonment of a 
18 
legitimate child. - The simulation of births and the substitution 
19 
of one child for another shall be punished by prision mayor and a 
20 
fine of not exceeding [1,000] 200,000 pesos. 
21 
22 
The same penalties shall be imposed upon any person who shall 
23 
conceal or abandon any legitimate child with intent to cause such 
24 
child to lose its civil status. 
25 
26 
Any physician or surgeon or public officer who, in violation of the 
27 
duties of his profession or office, shall cooperate in the execution of 
28 
any of the crimes mentioned in the two next preceding paragraphs, 
29 
shall suffer the penalties therein prescribed ;md also the penalty of 
30 
temporary special disqualification." 
31 
32 
Section 101. Article 351 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
33 
follows: 
34 
35 
"Art. 351. Premature marriages. -
Any widow who shall 
36 
marry within three hundred and one day from the date of the death 
37 
of her husband, or before having delivered if she shall have been 
38 
pregnant at the time of .his death, shall be punished by arresto 
39 
mayor and a fine not exceeding [500] 100,000 pesos. 
40 
41 
The same penalties shall be imposed upon any woman whose 
46 


1 
marriage shall have been annulled or dissolved, if she shall marry 
2 
before her delivery or before the expiration of the period of three 
3 
hundred and one day after the legal separation." 
4 
5 
Section 102. Article 355 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
6 
follows: 
7 
8 
"Art. 355. Libel means by writings Dr similar means. - A 
9 
libel committed by means of writing, printing, lithography, 
10 
engraving, radio, phonograph, painting, theatrical exhibition, 
11 
cinematographic exhibition, or any similar means, shall be 
12 
punished by prision correccional in its minimum and medium 
13 
periods or a fine ranging from [200 to 6,000] 40,000 to 
14 
1,200,000 pesos, or both, in addition to the civil action which may 
15 
be brought by the offended party." 
16 
17 
Section 103. Article 356 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
18 
follows: 
19 
20 
"Art. 356. Threatening to' publish and Dffer to' present 
21 
such publicatiDn fDr a cDmpensation. -
The penalty of 
22 
arresto mayor or a fine from [200 to 2,000] 40,000 to 400,000 
23 
pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person who threatens 
24 
another to publish a libel concerning him or the parents, spouse, 
25 
child, or other members of the family of the latter or upon anyone 
26 
who shall offer to prevent the publication of such libel for a 
27 
compensation or money consideration." 
28 
29 
Section 104. Article 357 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
30 
follows: 
31 
32 
"Art. 357. PrDhibitedpublicatiDn Dfacts refeM'ed to' in the 
33 
CDurse Df Dfficial prDceedings. - The penalty of arresto mayor 
34 
or a fine of [20 to 2,000] 4,000 to 400,000 pesos, or both; shall 
35 
be imposed upon any reporter, editor or manager or a newspaper, 
36 
daily or magazine, who shall publish facts connected with the 
37 
private life of another and offensive to the honor, virtue and 
38 
reputation of said person, even though said publication be made in 
39 
connection with or under the pretext that it is necessary in the 
40 
narration of any judicial or administrative proceedings wherein 
41 
such facts have been mentioned." 
47 


1 
2 
Section 105. Article 358 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
3 
follows: 
4 
5 
"Art. 358. Slander. -
Oral defamation shall be punished by 
6 
arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its 
7 
minimum period if it is 01 a serious and insulting nature; otherwise 
8 
the penalty shall be arresto menor or a fine not exceeding [200] 
9 
40,000 pesos." 
10 
11 
Section 106. Article 359 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
12 
follows: 
13 
14 
"Art. 359. Slander by deed. - The penalty of arresto mayor in 
15 
its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period 
16 
or a fine ranging from [200 to 1,000] 40,000 to 200,000 pesos 
17 
shall be imposed upon any person who shall perform any act not 
18 
included and punished in this title, which shall cast dishonor, 
19 
discredit or contempt upon another person. If said act is not of a 
20 
serious nature, the penalty shall be arresto menor or a fine not 
21 
exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos." 
22 
23 
Section 107. Article 364 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
24 
follows: 
25 
26 
"Art. 364. Intriguing against honor. - The penalty of arresto 
27 
menor or fine not exceeding [200] 40,000 pesos shall be imposed 
28 
for any intrigue which has for its principal purpose to blemish the 
29 
honor or reputation of a person." 
30 
31 
Section 108. Article 365 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as 
32 
follows: 
33 
34 
"Art. 365. Imprudence and negligence. - Any person who, by 
35 
reckless imprudence, shall commit any act which, had it been 
36 
intentional, would constitute a grave felony, shall suffer the penalty 
37 
of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in 
38 
its medium period; if it would have constituted a less grave felony, 
39 
the penalty of arresto mayor in its minimum and medium periods 
40 
shall be imposed; if it would have constituted a light felony, the 
41 
penalty of arresto menor in its maximum period shall be imposed. 
48 


1 
2 
Any person who, by simple imprudence or negligence, shall commit 
3 
an act which would otherwise constitute a grave felony, shall suffer 
4 
the penalty of arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods; 
5 
if it would have constituted a less serious felony, the penalty of 
6 
arresto mayor in its minimum period shall be imposed. 
7 
8 
When the execution of the act covered by this article shall have only 
9 . 
resulted in damage to the property of another, the offender ·shall be 
10 
punished by a fine ranging from an amount equal to the value of 
11 
said damages to three times such value, but which shall in no case 
12 
be less than [twenty-five] 5,000 peSOS. 
13 
14 
A fine not exceeding [two hundred] 40,000 pesos and censure 
15 
shall be imposed upon any person who, by simple imprudence or 
16 
negligence, shall cause s.ome wrong which, if done maliciously, 
17 
would have constituted a light felony. 
18 
19 
In the imposition of these penalties, the court shall exercise their 
20 
sound discretion, without regard to the rules prescribed in Article 
21 
sixty-four. 
22 
23 
The provisions contained in this article shall not be applicable: 
24 
25 
1. When the penalty provided for the offense is equal to or lower 
26 
than those provided in the first two paragraphs of this article, in 
27 
which case the court shall impose the penalty next lower in degree 
28 
than that which should be imposed in the period which they may 
29 
deem proper to apply. 
30 
31 
2. When, by imprudence or negligence and with violation of the 
32 
Automobile Law, to death of a person shall be caused, in which case 
33 
the defendant shall be punished by prision correccional in its 
34 
medium and maximum periods. 
35 
36 
Reckless imprudence consists in voluntary, but without malice, 
37 
doing or falling to do an act from which material damage results by 
38 
reason of inexcusable lack of precaution on the part of the person 
39 
performing of failing to perform such act, taking into consideration 
40 
his employment or occupation, degree of intelligence, physical 
41 
condition and other circumstances regarding persons, time and 
49 


,. 
1 
place. 
2 
3 
Simple imprudence consists in the lack of precaution displayed in 
4 
those cases in which the damage impending to be caused is not 
5 
immediate nor the danger clearly manifest. 
6 
7 
The penalty next higher in degree to those provided for in this 
8 
article shall be imposed upon the offender who fails to lend on the 
9 
spot to the injured parties'such help as may be in this hand to give." 
10 
11 
Section 109. Separability Clause. - If any provision of this Act shall be declared 
12 
unconstitutional, any other provision not affected thereby shall remain in full 
13 
force and effect. 
14 
15 
Section 110. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations 
16 
or parts thereof inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed or modified 
17 
accordingly. 
18 
19 
Section 111. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect within fifteen (15) days after 
20 
its publication in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation. 
21 
22 
23 
'Approved, 
50