Thus , WIs were seldom design ed to improve return-to-work .
Overall , there was low quality evidence that showed no significant differences between WIs and no intervention for pain prevalence or severity .
If present , significant results in favour of WIs were not sustained across follow-up times .
Overall , this review found low quality evidence that neither supported nor refuted the benefits of any specific WI for pain relief and moderate quality evidence that a multiple-component intervention reduced sickness absence in the intermediate-term , which was not sustained over time .
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of disability in many industrial countries .
Recurrent and chronic pain accounts for a substantial portion of workers ' absenteeism .
Neck pain seems to be more prominent in the general population than previously known .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of workplace interventions ( WIs ) in adult workers with neck pain .
Perceived Job Insecurity, Job Predictability, Personality, and Health
Objective : The present study sought to determine whether job insecurity is associated with personality traits and beliefs . In addition , it was tested whether aspects of personality confounded the relationships between job insecurity and health , or moderated this association . Methods : At the first data collection , 5163 persons participated , and at the second data collection , 1946 persons of a r and om sample participated . Data were obtained from Oslo Health Study . Results : The job insecurity aspect concerning confidence in having a good job in 2 years was more strongly related to the health variables , and particularly with mental distress , compared with other aspects of job insecurity . Type-A behavior predicted an increase in upper back pain ( & bgr ; 0.07 ) , while optimism predicted a change in lower back pain ( & bgr ; −0.07 ) . Conclusions : Job insecurity is associated with health ; this association is strongest for mental distress and self-reported health , and weaker for back-pain
Thus , WIs were seldom design ed to improve return-to-work .
Overall , there was low quality evidence that showed no significant differences between WIs and no intervention for pain prevalence or severity .
If present , significant results in favour of WIs were not sustained across follow-up times .
Overall , this review found low quality evidence that neither supported nor refuted the benefits of any specific WI for pain relief and moderate quality evidence that a multiple-component intervention reduced sickness absence in the intermediate-term , which was not sustained over time .
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of disability in many industrial countries .
Recurrent and chronic pain accounts for a substantial portion of workers ' absenteeism .
Neck pain seems to be more prominent in the general population than previously known .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of workplace interventions ( WIs ) in adult workers with neck pain .