There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Operational design and quality control in the CATCH multicenter Trial.
BACKGROUND The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health ( CATCH ) was the first multicenter school-based research study to employ the fundamentals of clinical trials including the st and ardized protocol and Manuals of Operation , a steering committee for study governance , a distributed data system , an extensive quality control system , and a Data and Safety Monitoring Board . METHOD CATCH tested the effectiveness of changes in school lunches , physical education , smoking policy , curricula , and family activities . Ninety-six elementary schools in four states were r and omized to intervention or control conditions . The baseline cohort comprised 5 , 106 ethnically diverse third grade rs followed through fifth grade . RESULTS The percentages of calories from fat and saturated fat were reduced significantly more in the intervention school lunches than among the controls . Significant increases in moderate to vigorous activity levels in existing physical education classes were made as well . Changes in self-reported dietary , physical activity , and psychosocial measures were significant . There were no significant differences in the physiological measures . Measurement error was generally low for all physiologic measures except skinfolds , indicating a high level of reliability . Across all sites , the coefficients of variation for lipids , height , and weight were less than 3 % , whereas for skinfolds , they were considerably higher , ranging from 6 to 8 % . Intraclass correlations for lipid studies were also uniformly high at 0.99 . Interobserver agreement scores for SOFIT were greater than 90 % for 9 of the 11 activities observed . Data entry error rates were low with less than five errors per 1,000 fields for all forms . CONCLUSIONS The CATCH results provided more scientific evidence on the importance of schools in the population approach to health promotion . Many of the strategies used in this complex multicenter trial in the areas of design and analysis , measurement , training , data management , and quality control protocol s might be appropriate for adoption in other studies
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .