Conclusions The current evidence does not suggest an association between leptin and PCa outcome .
However , there may be an inverse association between adiponectin and the incidence of advanced PCa that should be investigated by further studies .
Background Obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
In obesity , serum levels of the appetite-regulating hormones — leptin , adiponectin , and ghrelin — become deregulated .
Objective To explore whether serum levels of appetite-regulating hormones associate with the incidence of PCa , the incidence of advanced disease , or PCa-specific mortality .
The Diagnostic Value of Adiponectin Multimers in Healthy Men Undergoing Screening for Prostate Cancer
Background : Adiponectin has been reported to have a prohibitory effect on prostate cancer . The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of adiponectin multimers for prostate cancer . Methods :  Total adiponectin , high- and low-molecular-weight ( HMW , LMW ) , ratios of these measures , and body mass index ( BMI ) were compared in a prospect i ve prostate cancer – screened cohort .  Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between adiponectin measures , their interaction with BMI , and risk of prostate cancer and Gleason score upgrading from biopsy to prostatectomy . Results : A total of 228 prostate cancer cases and 239 controls were analyzed : 72 ( 31.6 % ) of the cancer cases were high grade ( Gleason grade ≥7 ) . Only percent HMW had a statistically significant relationship with prostate cancer ( P = 0.04 ) . Among normal and overweight men , the risk of prostate cancer increased as percent HMW increased [ OR = 1.24 for a doubling of percent HMW , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.41–3.75 and OR = 1.81 ; 95 % CI , 1.02–3.20 , respectively ] , whereas among obese men , the risk of prostate cancer decreased ( OR = 0.62 ; 95 % CI , 0.32–1.18 ) . Among 97 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy , there was no association between Gleason score upgrading and any of the adiponectin multimers . Conclusion : This study was unable to confirm the utility of total adiponectin as a biomarker for prostate cancer risk . For the adiponectin multimers , only HMW showed increases with prostate cancer but not in all weight classes . Impact : Although adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer , our results do not support adiponectin multimers as biomarkers of detection . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 23(2 ) ; 309–15 . © 2013 AACR
Conclusions The current evidence does not suggest an association between leptin and PCa outcome .
However , there may be an inverse association between adiponectin and the incidence of advanced PCa that should be investigated by further studies .
Background Obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
In obesity , serum levels of the appetite-regulating hormones — leptin , adiponectin , and ghrelin — become deregulated .
Objective To explore whether serum levels of appetite-regulating hormones associate with the incidence of PCa , the incidence of advanced disease , or PCa-specific mortality .