Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .
Changes in Automatic Threat Processing Precede and Predict Clinical Changes with Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Panic Disorder
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) is an effective treatment for emotional disorders such as anxiety or depression , but the mechanisms underlying successful intervention are far from understood . Although it has been a long-held view that psychopharmacological approaches work by directly targeting automatic emotional information processing in the brain , it is usually postulated that psychological treatments affect these processes only over time , through changes in more conscious thought cycles . This study explored the role of early changes in emotional information processing in CBT action . METHODS Twenty-eight untreated patients with panic disorder were r and omized to a single session of exposure-based CBT or waiting group .  Emotional information processing was measured on the day after intervention with an attentional visual probe task , and clinical symptoms were assessed on the day after intervention and at 4-week follow-up . RESULTS Vigilance for threat information was decreased in the treated group , compared with the waiting group , the day after intervention , before reductions in clinical symptoms . The magnitude of this early effect on threat vigilance predicted therapeutic response after 4 weeks . CONCLUSIONS Cognitive behavioral therapy rapidly affects automatic processing , and these early effects are predictive of later therapeutic change . Such results suggest very fast action on automatic processes mediating threat sensitivity , and they provide an early marker of treatment response . Furthermore , these findings challenge the notion that psychological treatments work directly on conscious thought processes before automatic information processing and imply a greater similarity between early effects of pharmacological and psychological treatments for anxiety than previously thought
Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .