Conclusions .
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribo-chemical silica coating are the pre-treatment methods with more evidence in the literature .
Increased adhesion could be expected after physico-chemical conditioning of zirconia .
Surface contamination has a negative effect on adhesion .
There is no evidence to support a universal adhesion protocol
Background .
Reliable bonding between resin composite cements and high strength ceramics is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content that makes etching impossible .
The purpose of this review is to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s suggested to improve the adhesion of zirconia to dental substrate by using composite resins , in order to explore current trends in surface conditioning methods with predictable results .
Methods .
Can the Application of Multi-Mode Adhesive be a Substitute to Silicatized/Silanized Y-TZP Ceramics?
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-mode adhesive ( SBU-Scotch Bond Universal/3 M ) as a substitute for silica coating and silane application on the bonding of zirconia ceramics to resin cement . One-hundred and twenty sintered zirconia ceramic blocks ( 5 x 5 x 5 mm ) were obtained , finished by grounding with silicon carbide paper ( # 600 , # 800 , # 1000 and # 1200 ) and r and omly divided into 12 groups ( n=10 ) in accordance with the factors " surface treatment " ( ScSi - silicatization + silanization ; ScSBU - silicatization + SBU ; SBU - SBU without photoactivation and SBUp - SBU photoactivated ) and " ceramic " ( Lava / 3 M ESPE , Ceramill Zirconia / Amann Girrbach and Zirkonzahn / Zirkonzahn ) . Dual resin cement cylinders ( RelyX Ultimate/3 M ESPE ) were subsequently produced in the center of each block using a silicon matrix ( Ø=2 mm , h=5 mm ) and photoactivated for 40 s ( 1200 mW/cm2 ) . The sample s were stored for 30 days in distilled water ( 37ºC ) and su bmi tted to shear bond strength test ( 1 mm/min , 100 KgF ) . Data ( MPa ) were analyzed under ANOVA ( 2 levels ) and Tukey test ( 5 % ) . Complementary analyzes were also performed . ANOVA revealed that only the factor " surface treatment " was significant ( p=0.0001 ) . The ScSi treatment ( 14.28A ) promoted statistically higher bond strength values than the other ScSBU ( 9.03B ) , SBU ( 8.47B ) and SBUp ( 7.82B ) , which were similar to each other ( Tukey ) . Failure analysis revealed that 100 % of the failures were mixed . The silica coating followed by the silanization promoted higher bond strength values of resin cement and ceramic , regardless of the zirconia ceramic or SBU
Conclusions .
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribo-chemical silica coating are the pre-treatment methods with more evidence in the literature .
Increased adhesion could be expected after physico-chemical conditioning of zirconia .
Surface contamination has a negative effect on adhesion .
There is no evidence to support a universal adhesion protocol
Background .
Reliable bonding between resin composite cements and high strength ceramics is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content that makes etching impossible .
The purpose of this review is to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s suggested to improve the adhesion of zirconia to dental substrate by using composite resins , in order to explore current trends in surface conditioning methods with predictable results .
Methods .