Evidence for anxiety , psychological stress , psychological well-being , subjective well-being and social isolation and loneliness varied in volume and effectiveness , but no harmful effects were identified .
The setting and context of walking seems to be important variables .
Background / objectives Walking has well-established positive relationships with , and effects on , physical health .
In contrast , while poor mental health contributes substantially to global health burden , an overview of the benefits from walking has not previously been published .
We aim ed to scope the literature and present what is known , and highlight what is not known , about walking and mental health .
Trajectories of change in self-esteem in older adults: exercise intervention effects
This 12-month , 2 arm , single blind r and omized controlled exercise trial examined relationships among changes in multidimensional self-esteem as a function of intervention mode ( i.e. , walking vs. flexibility-toning-balance ) . Data were collected on three equidistant occasions ( baseline , 6 and 12 months ) . One-hundred seventy-nine older adults ( Mage = 66.38 ) began the study and 145 completed assessment s at all time points . Participants completed measures of physical and global self-esteem as well as demographic information . There were no significant group differences at baseline on these demographic indicators or esteem variables . Data were analyzed using linear and parallel process growth modeling procedures . Results supported the position that across both groups , domain-level ( i.e. , physical self-worth ) was dependent upon sub-domain-level ( i.e. , perceived attractiveness , strength , and condition ) esteem change . Furthermore , greater improvements were observed in the flexibility-toning-balance group , in terms of perceived strength and attractiveness esteem , compared to the walking group . Our findings support theoretically-based predictions and extend the literature showing unique psychological responses conditional on specific types of physical activities
Evidence for anxiety , psychological stress , psychological well-being , subjective well-being and social isolation and loneliness varied in volume and effectiveness , but no harmful effects were identified .
The setting and context of walking seems to be important variables .
Background / objectives Walking has well-established positive relationships with , and effects on , physical health .
In contrast , while poor mental health contributes substantially to global health burden , an overview of the benefits from walking has not previously been published .
We aim ed to scope the literature and present what is known , and highlight what is not known , about walking and mental health .