Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Neurofeedback in children with ADHD: Specific event-related potential findings of a randomized controlled trial
OBJECTIVE In a r and omized controlled trial , we could demonstrate clinical efficacy of neurofeedback ( NF ) training for children with ADHD ( Gevensleben et al. , 2009a ) . The present investigation aim ed at learning more about the neuronal mechanisms of NF training . METHODS Children with ADHD either completed a NF training or a computerized attention skills training ( ratio 3:2 ) . NF training consisted of one block of theta/beta training and one block of slow cortical potential ( SCP ) training , each comprising 18 training units . At three times ( pre-training , between the two training blocks and at post-training ) , event-related potentials ( ERP ) were recorded during the Attention Network Test . ERP analysis focused on the P3 , reflecting inter alia attentional re sources for stimulus evaluation , and the contingent negative variation ( CNV ) , primarily related to cognitive preparation . RESULTS After NF training , an increase of the CNV in cue trials could be observed , which was specific for the SCP training . A larger pre-training CNV was associated with a larger reduction of ADHD symptomatology for SCP training . CONCLUSIONS CNV effects reflect neuronal circuits underlying re source allocation during cognitive preparation . These distinct ERP effects are closely related to a successful NF training in children with ADHD . In future studies , neurophysiological recordings could help to optimize and individualize NF training . SIGNIFICANCE The findings contribute to a better underst and ing of the mechanisms underlying NF training in children with ADHD
Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .