The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .
Food tolerance and diet quality following adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
OBJECTIVE The effects of food tolerance ( if any ) on diet quality several years post-surgery remain unclear . Our study aim ed to assess food tolerance and diet quality after three  bariatric  procedures ; adjustable gastric b and ing ( AGB ) , sleeve gastrectomy ( SG ) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGBP ) , 2â??4 years post-surgery . METHODS This prospect i ve , cross-sectional study assessed weight loss , food tolerance and diet quality in 130 subjects ( 14 obese pre-surgical controls , 13 AGB , 62 SG and 41 RYGBP ) . Inclusion criteria selected patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2008 , at a single bariatric clinic . Non-parametric tests ( Kruksalâ??Wallis and Mannâ??Whitney ) along with Spearman 's correlation coefficient analysis were used . RESULTS Superior food tolerance was reported by the control ( 24.5 ) , SG ( 24.0 ) and RYGBP ( 22.0 ) groups , compared with the AGB group ( 15.5 ; P < 0.001 ) . The control and AGB groups consumed significantly more high-calorie extra foods ( 9.2 and 7.7 daily serves respectively ) compared with the SG ( 3.4 serves ) and RYGBP ( 4.0 serves ) groups . There were several significant correlations between food tolerance and dietary intake including breads and cereals and meat and meat alternatives . CONCLUSION The control and AGB groups consumed significantly more high-calorie extra foods , a result that was paralleled by poor weight loss and food tolerance outcomes for the AGB group . A significant positive relationship between food tolerance and diet quality was established . Poor food tolerance and thus compromised diet quality need to be considered as post-surgical complications of the AGB procedure
The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .