Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid , monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) , and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) showed significantly higher TC , LDL cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , HDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein A-I , whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid .
Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B , triacylglycerols , and TC/HDL cholesterol .
Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol , when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs , were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat .
Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats , whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids .
BACKGROUND Palm oil ( PO ) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
Plasma lipoprotein lipid and Lp[a] changes with substitution of elaidic acid for oleic acid in the diet.
The effect of additional dietary trans fatty acids ( 7 % energy ) on plasma lipids was assessed in a double-blind comparison of four separate diets : 1 , enriched with butter fat ( lauric-myristic-palmitic ) ; 2 , oleic acid-rich ; 3 , elaidic acid-rich ; 4 , palmitic acid-rich . The total dietary period was 11 weeks and comprised normal foods plus specific fat supplements . In 27 mildly hypercholesterolemic men , total and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower during the 3-week oleic acid-rich diet , and were similar during the other three diets . For the four diets LDL cholesterol levels were in mg/dl : 1 , 163 ; 2 , 151 ; 3 , 165 ; 4 , 161 . HDL cholesterol was significantly higher with the palmitic acid-rich diet , 42 mg/dl , compared with elaidic acid , 38 mg/dl , which in turn was not lower than with oleic acid , 38 mg/dl . Plasma elaidic acid concentration rose seven-fold with the trans fatty acid diet but did not increase the vulnerability of LDL to oxidative change . The elaidic acid-rich diet led to significant elevations in the level of Lp[a ] compared to all the other test diets . The Lp[a ] level increased to 296 + /- 220 U/l in the elaidic acid-rich period from 235 + /- 182 ( mean + /- SD ) in the first ( " butter " ) period ( P less than 0.001 ) compared with 249 + /- 204 in the palmitic acid period ( P less than 0.001 ) and 236 + /- 201 in the oleic acid period ( NS ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid , monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) , and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) showed significantly higher TC , LDL cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , HDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein A-I , whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid .
Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B , triacylglycerols , and TC/HDL cholesterol .
Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol , when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs , were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat .
Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats , whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids .
BACKGROUND Palm oil ( PO ) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .