For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?
Comparison of digital mammography alone and digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in a population-based screening program.
PURPOSE To assess cancer detection rates , false-positive rates before arbitration , positive predictive values for women recalled after arbitration , and the type of cancers detected with use of digital mammography alone and combined with tomo synthesis in a large prospect i ve screening trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A prospect i ve , reader- and modality-balanced screening study of participants undergoing combined mammography plus tomo synthesis , the results of which were read independently by four different radiologists , is under way . The study was approved by a regional ethics committee , and all participants provided written informed consent . The authors performed a preplanned interim analysis of results from 12,631 examinations interpreted by using mammography alone and mammography plus tomo synthesis from November 22 , 2010 , to December 31 , 2011 . Analyses were based on marginal log-linear models for binary data , accounting for correlated interpretations and adjusting for reader-specific performance levels by using a two-sided significance level of .0294 . RESULTS Detection rates , including those for invasive and in situ cancers , were 6.1 per 1000 examinations for mammography alone and 8.0 per 1000 examinations for mammography plus tomo synthesis ( 27 % increase , adjusted for reader ; P = .001 ) . False-positive rates before arbitration were 61.1 per 1000 examinations with mammography alone and 53.1 per 1000 examinations with mammography plus tomo synthesis ( 15 % decrease , adjusted for reader ; P < .001 ) . After arbitration , positive predictive values for recalled patients with cancers verified later were comparable ( 29.1 % and 28.5 % , respectively , with mammography alone and mammography plus tomo synthesis ; P = .72 ) . Twenty-five additional invasive cancers were detected with mammography plus tomo synthesis ( 40 % increase , adjusted for reader ; P < .001 ) . The mean interpretation time was 45 seconds for mammography alone and 91 seconds for mammography plus tomo synthesis ( P < .001 ) . CONCLUSION The use of mammography plus tomo synthesis in a screening environment result ed in a significantly higher cancer detection rate and enabled the detection of more invasive cancers . Clinical trial registration no. NCT01248546
For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?