In addition , there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults .
There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD .
Conclusions : On the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings , the apparent association between indexes of liver health ( ie , liver fat , hepatic de novo lipogenesis , alanine aminotransferase , AST , and γ-glutamyl transpeptase ) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake .
Overall , the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose , HFCS , or sucrose consumption on NAFLD
Background : Concerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes , especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) in the United States .
Objective : We examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans .
Carbohydrate quality is not associated with liver enzyme activity and plasma TAG and HDL concentrations over 5 years in an older population.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity . Hence , carbohydrate quality could be of relevance to the risk of NAFLD , but prospect i ve data are lacking . The aim of the present study was to investigate longitudinal associations between carbohydrate quality ( including dietary glycaemic index  ( GI ) and intakes of sugar , starch and fibre ) and markers of liver function in an older Australian population . The analysis was based on 866 participants ( ≥ 49 years ) of the Blue Mountains Eye Study with fasting blood specimens and dietary intake data at baseline and 5-year follow-up . Multi-level mixed regression analysis was used to relate dietary GI and  sugar , starch and fibre  intake to the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and γ-glutamyltransferase ( GGT ) , as well as fasting TAG and HDL-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) . After adjustment for potential confounding factors , a lower fibre intake was cross-sectionally related to higher GGT ( P= 0.02 ) and fasting TAG ( P= 0.002 ) levels , with fruit fibre being the most relevant fibre source ( P= 0.095 for GGT ; P= 0.003 for TAG ) . A higher dietary GI was associated with lower HDL-C ( P= 0.046 ) . Changes in carbohydrate quality during 5 years were not related to changes in ALT , GGT , TAG or HDL-C ( P≥ 0.08 ) . In conclusion , the absence of longitudinal associations between carbohydrate quality and liver enzymes and serum lipids in this older population does not support a major role of carbohydrate nutrition in liver function among the elderly
In addition , there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults .
There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD .
Conclusions : On the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings , the apparent association between indexes of liver health ( ie , liver fat , hepatic de novo lipogenesis , alanine aminotransferase , AST , and γ-glutamyl transpeptase ) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake .
Overall , the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose , HFCS , or sucrose consumption on NAFLD
Background : Concerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes , especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) in the United States .
Objective : We examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans .