Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in older men.
CONTEXT Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] and high PTH may contribute to increased mortality risk in older adults . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test the association between 25(OH)D , PTH , and mortality in older men . DESIGN AND SETTING The prospect i ve Osteoporotic Fractures in Men ( MrOS ) study was conducted at six U.S. clinical centers . PARTICIPANTS We studied community-dwelling men at least 65 yr old ( n = 1490 ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Multivariate-adjusted proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratio ( HR ) for mortality ; cause of death was classified as cancer , cardiovascular , and other by central review of death certificates . RESULTS During 7.3 yr of follow-up , 330 ( 22.2 % ) participants died : 97 from cancer , 110 from cardiovascular disease , and 106 from other causes . The adjusted HR per sd decrease in 25(OH)D for all-cause mortality was 1.01 ( 95 % CI , 0.89 , 1.14 ) ; no association between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular or other-cause mortality was seen . Unexpectedly , lower 25(OH)D levels were modestly associated with a decreased risk of cancer mortality ( adjusted HR per sd decrease , 0.80 ; 95 % CI , 0.64 , 0.99 ) . Analyzing 25(OH)D as a categorical variable did not alter these results . Higher PTH levels ( log-transformed ) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality ( adjusted HR per sd increase , 1.15 ; 95 % CI , 1.03 , 1.29 ) and cardiovascular mortality ( adjusted HR per sd increase in PTH , 1.21 ; 95 % CI , 1.00 , 1.45 ) . CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous studies , lower 25(OH)D levels were not associated with an increased risk of all-cause or cause-specific  mortality in older men . Higher PTH levels were associated with a modest increase in mortality risk
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .