T2D prevention by physical activity or diet or both proved cost-effective according to accepted thresholds , except for five inconclusive studies , three on diabetes prevention and two on obesity control .
This confirms that lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of diabetes are cost-effective .
To summarize key findings of economic evaluations of lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of  type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) in high-risk subjects .
Long-term effects of the Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on cardiovascular risk factors: a report from the DPP Outcomes Study.
AIMS Whether long-term cardiovascular risk is reduced by the Diabetes Prevention Program interventions is unknown . The aim of this study was to determine the long-term differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors and the use of lipid and blood pressure medications by the original Diabetes Prevention Program intervention group . METHODS This long-term follow-up ( median 10 years , interquartile range 9.0 - 10.5 ) of the three-arm Diabetes Prevention Program r and omized controlled clinical trial ( metformin , intensive lifestyle and placebo ) , performed on 2766 ( 88 % ) of the Diabetes Prevention Program participants ( who originally had impaired glucose tolerance ) , comprised a mean of 3.2 years of r and omized treatment , approximately 1-year transition ( during which all participants were offered intensive lifestyle intervention ) and 5 years follow-up ( Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study ) . During the study , participants were followed in their original groups with their clinical care being provided by practitioners outside the research setting . The study determined lipoprotein profiles and blood pressure and medication use annually . RESULTS After 10 years ' follow-up from Diabetes Prevention Program baseline , major reductions were seen for systolic ( -2 to -3 ) and diastolic ( -6 to -6.5 mmHg ) blood pressure , and for LDL cholesterol ( -0.51 to -0.6 mmol/l ) and triglycerides ( -0.23 to -0.25 mmol/l ) in all groups , with no between-group differences . HDL cholesterol also rose significantly ( 0.14 to 0.15 mmol/l ) in all groups . Lipid ( P = 0.01 ) and blood pressure ( P = 0.09 ) medication use , however , were lower for the lifestyle group during the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study . CONCLUSION Overall , intensive lifestyle intervention achieved , with less medication , a comparable long-term effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors , to that seen in the metformin and placebo groups
T2D prevention by physical activity or diet or both proved cost-effective according to accepted thresholds , except for five inconclusive studies , three on diabetes prevention and two on obesity control .
This confirms that lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of diabetes are cost-effective .
To summarize key findings of economic evaluations of lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of  type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) in high-risk subjects .