Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .
High-Resistant Starch, Low-Protein Flour Intervention on Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Trial.
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the effect of high-resistant starch ( RS ) , low-protein flour as a source of RS on patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) through the clinical intervention trial . DESIGN This was a single center , r and omized , comparative , open-label trial . Seventy-five patients with early DN , aged 18 to 80 y , were recruited and r and omly assigned to two groups . During the 12-week intervention , the control group patients ( 38 cases ) followed protein-restriction diet daily with a common staple . The intervention group ( 37 cases ) received 50 g of high-RS , low-protein flour instead of a common staple of equal quality at lunch and dinner each day . The blood glucose , blood lipids , nutritional parameters , indicators of renal function , oxidative stress , and inflammatory markers were measured . RESULTS Compared with the control group , high-RS , low-protein flour intake led to a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose , HbA1c , total cholesterol , and triglycerides levels ( P < .05 for all ) . The changes in serum uric acid ( UA ) and β2-microglobulin ( β2-MG ) level were observed after high-RS , low-protein flour intervention ( uric acid [ mean ± st and ard deviation ] : -24.7 ± 38.5 μmol/L , P = .001 ; β2-MG : 0.5 ± 0.9 mg/L , P = 0.018 ) . In addition , high-RS , low-protein flour intake increased serum superoxide dismutase level by 10.1 ± 27.7 U/mL ( P < .05 ) ; however , it did not change the interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α ( TNF-α ) concentration . CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week intervention with high-RS , low-protein flour improved the blood glucose and blood lipid levels , decreased the serum uric acid ( UA ) and urine β2-MG , and enhanced the ability to prevent antioxidative stress in patients with early DN
Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .