Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .
Lower carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study and pooling of prospective studies.
AIMS Little is known about the long-term association between low-carbohydrate diets ( LCDs ) and mortality . We evaluated the link between LCD and overall or cause-specific mortality using both individual data and pooled prospect i ve studies . METHODS AND RESULTS Data on diets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ; 1999 - 2010 ) were analysed . Multivariable Cox proportional hazards were applied to determine the hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) for mortality for each quartile of the LCD score , with the lowest quartile ( Q1-with the highest carbohydrates intake ) used as reference . We used adjusted Cox regression to determine the risk ratio ( RR ) and 95 % CI , as well as r and om effects models and generic inverse variance methods to synthesize quantitative and pooled data , followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis . Overall , 24 825 participants from NHANES study were included ( mean follow-up 6.4 years ) . After adjustment , participants with the lowest carbohydrates intake ( quartile 4 of LCD ) had the highest risk of overall ( 32 % ) , cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) ( 50 % ) , cerebrovascular ( 51 % ) , and cancer ( 36 % ) mortality . In the same model , the association between LCD and overall mortality was stronger in the non-obese ( 48 % ) than in the obese ( 19 % ) participants . Findings on pooled data of nine prospect i ve cohort studies with 462 934 participants ( mean follow-up 16.1 years ) indicated a positive association between LCD and overall ( RR 1.22 , 95 % CI 1.06 - 1.39 , P < 0.001 , I2 = 8.6 ) , CVD ( RR 1.13 , 95 % CI 1.02 - 1.24 , P < 0.001 , I2 = 11.2 ) , and cancer mortality ( RR 1.08 , 95 % CI 1.01 - 1.14 , P = 0.02 , I2 = 10.3 ) . These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses . CONCLUSION Our study suggests a potentially unfavourable association of LCD with overall and cause-specific mortality , based on both new analyses of an established cohort and by pooling previous cohort studies . Given the nature of the study , causality can not be proven ; we can not rule out residual bias . Nevertheless , further studies are needed to extend these important findings , which if confirmed , may suggest a need to rethink recommendations for LCD in clinical practice
Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .