Recent meta-analyses reinforce the finding that 10 - 20 μg per day of vitamin D can reduce all-cause mortality and cancer mortality in middle-aged and older people .
Although vitamin D doses were greater than those assessed in the past , we found no new evidence that supplementation could have an effect on most non-skeletal conditions , including cardiovascular disease , adiposity , glucose metabolism , mood disorders , muscular function , tuberculosis , and colorectal adenomas , or on maternal and perinatal conditions .
The compilation of results from 83 trials showed that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on biomarkers of systemic inflammation .
The main new finding highlighted by this systematic review is that vitamin D supplementation might help to prevent common upper respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations .
There remains little evidence to suggest that vitamin D supplementation has an effect on most conditions , including chronic inflammation , despite use of increased doses of vitamin D , strengthening the hypothesis that low vitamin D status is a consequence of ill health , rather than its cause .
We further hypothesise that vitamin D supplementation could exert immunomodulatory effects that strengthen resistance to acute infections , which would reduce the risk of death in debilitated individuals .
Modes of death in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that reduced right ventricular function is an important predictor of outcome in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction ( HFpEF ) . Because affected patients suffer from a broad spectrum of non-cardiac co-morbidities , it remains unclear , whether they actually die from right heart failure ( RHF ) or as a consequence of other conditions . METHODS Consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HFpEF were enrolled in this prospect i ve registry . Local and external medical records , as well as telephone interviews with relatives were used to ascertain modes of death . RHF was accepted as a mode of death , if the following criteria were met : 1 . right ventricular dysfunction assessed by transthoracic echocardiography , and 2 . clinical signs of right heart decompensation at the time of death . RESULTS Out of 230 patients with complete follow-up , 16.5 % ( n=38 ) died after a mean of 30±17months . 60.5 % deaths were classified as cardiovascular and 34.2 % as non-cardiovascular . In 5.3 % patients , the reason for death remained unknown . Of the cardiovascular cases ( n=23 ) , 91.4 % of deaths were attributed to RHF , 4.3 % died from stroke and 4.3 % from sudden cardiac death . Of the non-cardiovascular deaths ( n=13 ) , 46.2 % of deaths were attributed to major infections and 38.4 % deaths were related to cancer . Other reasons for death included ileus ( 7.7 % ) and major bleeding ( 7.7 % ) . CONCLUSION In our well-characterised HFpEF cohort , more than half of all deaths could directly be attributed to RHF . The right ventricle seems to be a meaningful therapeutic target in a subset of patients
Recent meta-analyses reinforce the finding that 10 - 20 μg per day of vitamin D can reduce all-cause mortality and cancer mortality in middle-aged and older people .
Although vitamin D doses were greater than those assessed in the past , we found no new evidence that supplementation could have an effect on most non-skeletal conditions , including cardiovascular disease , adiposity , glucose metabolism , mood disorders , muscular function , tuberculosis , and colorectal adenomas , or on maternal and perinatal conditions .
The compilation of results from 83 trials showed that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on biomarkers of systemic inflammation .
The main new finding highlighted by this systematic review is that vitamin D supplementation might help to prevent common upper respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations .
There remains little evidence to suggest that vitamin D supplementation has an effect on most conditions , including chronic inflammation , despite use of increased doses of vitamin D , strengthening the hypothesis that low vitamin D status is a consequence of ill health , rather than its cause .
We further hypothesise that vitamin D supplementation could exert immunomodulatory effects that strengthen resistance to acute infections , which would reduce the risk of death in debilitated individuals .