CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .
Risk Factors for Perimenopausal Distal Forearm Fracture
Abstract : This prospect i ve population -based cohort study investigated factors predicting  distal forearm fracture ( DFF ) in perimenopausal women . The study population consisted of 11 798 women from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention ( OSTPRE ) Study in Finl and . Mean baseline age of these women was 52.3 ( SD 2.9 ) years ( range 47–56 years ) and 68 % were postmenopausal . Three hundred and sixty-eight women ( 3.1 % ) had a vali date d DFF during the 5-year follow-up . Previous wrist fracture , postmenopausal state , age and nulliparity were independent predictors of DFF , while hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) , dairy calcium and overweight protected against it in multivariate Cox regression analysis : previous wrist fracture increased the DFF risk by 158 % ( p<0.0001 ) , menopause by 69 % ( p= 0.002 ) and age by 6 % per year ( p= 0.010 ) , whereas the continuous use of HRT decreased the risk by 63 % ( p= 0.0001 ) , the use of dairy calcium at 1000–1499 mg/day ( vs < 500 mg/day ) by 39 % ( p= 0.004 ) , overweight ( BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) by 36 % ( p= 0.0002 ) and parity by 29 % ( p= 0.031 ) . Combining dichotomous low weight , low use of calcium , non-use of HRT and previous wrist fracture into a risk score gave a dose – response effect by score level : the presence ( vs absence ) of all four risk factors result ed in a 12-fold DFF risk . Nevertheless , the sensitivity and specificity of the score for detecting DFF remained low . It was concluded that HRT , high nutritional calcium intake and overweight protect against but a history of wrist fracture predisposes to perimenopausal distal forearm fracture . A simple risk factor inquiry would help to identify perimenopausal women at high risk of distal forearm fracture
CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .