Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that a higher predictive IL-6 cut-off level should be determined for aging sarcopenia in men than in women
Background Aging sarcopenia characterized by low muscle mass with low muscle strength affects men and women differently .
The contribution of interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) to sarcopenia has been suggested based on a negative correlation between plasma IL-6 and muscle function described by some studies .
However , no consensus regarding clinical ly relevant cut-off criteria has been reached .
Another question arises whether pooling male and female data is an accurate way to determine the predictive value of IL-6 in sarcopenia .
The present meta- analysis was design ed to assess : ( 1 ) whether plasma IL-6 in aged population s in fact correlates negatively to muscle strength ; ( 2 ) whether such a correlation exists both in men and in women ; and ( 3 ) whether plasma IL-6 shows a gender difference in old age .
Response of bone mineral density, inflammatory cytokines, and biochemical bone markers to a 32-week combined loading exercise programme in older men and women.
This study examines the effects of 32 weeks of exercise training on balance , lower-extremity muscle strength , bone mineral density ( BMD ) and serum levels of bone metabolism and inflammatory markers in older adults . Forty-seven healthy older adults ( women=24 , men=23 ; mean age 68.2 years ) participated in a exercise intervention ( 60min/session ) that included resistance exercise training ( 2 days/week ) at 75 - 80 % of maximum plus a multicomponent weight-bearing impact exercise training ( 1 day/week ) . Outcome measures included lumbar spine and proximal femoral BMD , dynamic balance , muscle strength , serum levels of bone metabolism markers [ osteocalcin ( OC ) , C-terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen ( CTX ) , osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B lig and ( RANKL ) ] and serum levels of inflammatory markers [ high sensitive (hs)-C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin (IL)-6 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , and interferon (IFN)-γ ] . Potential confounding variables included body composition , dietary intake ( using 4-day diet records ) , and accelerometer-based physical activity . After 32 weeks , both men and women increased dynamic balance ( 6.4 % ) , muscle strength ( 11.0 % ) and trochanter ( 0.7 % ) , intertrochanter ( 0.7 % ) , total hip ( 0.6 % ) , and lumbar spine BMD ( 1.7 % ) , while OC , CTX , OPG and RANKL levels remained unchanged . In addition , hs-CRP and IFN-γ levels were decreased , while TNF-α levels were unchanged , and a decrease in IL-6 levels was only observed in men . These findings suggest that our combined impact protocol reduces inflammation and increases BMD , balance , and lower-extremity muscle strength , despite having little effect on bone metabolism markers . This reinforces the role of exercise to counteract the age-related inflammation , and the muscle strength , balance and BMD reduction
Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that a higher predictive IL-6 cut-off level should be determined for aging sarcopenia in men than in women
Background Aging sarcopenia characterized by low muscle mass with low muscle strength affects men and women differently .
The contribution of interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) to sarcopenia has been suggested based on a negative correlation between plasma IL-6 and muscle function described by some studies .
However , no consensus regarding clinical ly relevant cut-off criteria has been reached .
Another question arises whether pooling male and female data is an accurate way to determine the predictive value of IL-6 in sarcopenia .
The present meta- analysis was design ed to assess : ( 1 ) whether plasma IL-6 in aged population s in fact correlates negatively to muscle strength ; ( 2 ) whether such a correlation exists both in men and in women ; and ( 3 ) whether plasma IL-6 shows a gender difference in old age .