HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Endometrial thickness for invasive investigations in women with postmenopausal bleeding
Objective To determine the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with endometrial thickness of 4.1–8 mm on transvaginal ultrasound scan . Design Prospect i ve observational study carried out in the Heart of Engl and NHS Trust Teaching Hospital in the West Midl and s , UK , in a population of 58 women with postmenopausal bleeding . Method Prospect i ve analysis of all women referred to the Rapid Access Clinic in the Heart of Engl and Hospital with a history of postmenopausal bleeding over a 12-month period ( April 2007–April 2008 ) .  Endometrial histology was taken as the final diagnosis . The main outcome measure was endometrial histology in women with postmenopausal bleeding with endometrial thickness of 4.1–8 mm . Results All women ( n = = 58 ) diagnosed with endometrial thickness of 4.1–8 mm on transvaginal sonography were included in the analysis .  Pipelle endometrial biopsy  could only be performed in 22 women ( 37.9%% ) .  Hysteroscopy  was performed in 45 women ( 77.5%% ) . Out of these , a histological diagnosis was available in 28 women ( 62.2%% ) . In the remaining 17 women , the endometrium was observed as atrophic on hysteroscopy . In these 17 cases , either no or insufficient endometrial sample was obtained . In total , two ( 3.4%% ) women were diagnosed with complex endometrial hyperplasia and two ( 3.4%% ) women were diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma . Conclusion There was a significant prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with a history of postmenopausal bleeding and who had endometrial thickness of 4.1–8 mm . Therefore , the current recommendation of histological assessment on all women with endometrial thickness > 4 mm should remain unchanged
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .