The review demonstrated that the WHO-5 has high clinimetric validity , can be used as an outcome measure balancing the wanted and unwanted effects of treatments , is a sensitive and specific screening tool for depression and its applicability across study fields is very high .
Conclusions : The WHO-5 is a short question naire consisting of 5 simple and non-invasive questions , which tap into the subjective well-being of the respondents .
The scale has adequate validity both as a screening tool for depression and as an outcome measure in clinical trials and has been applied successfully across a wide range of study fields
Background : The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index ( WHO-5 ) is among the most widely used question naires assessing subjective psychological well-being .
Since its first publication in 1998 , the WHO-5 has been translated into more than 30 language s and has been used in research studies all over the world .
We now provide a systematic review of the literature on the WHO-5 .
Harmful alcohol habits were no more common in a sample of newly sick-listed Swedish women and men compared with a random population sample.
AIMS To estimate harmful alcohol habits in a sample of incident sick-listed individuals compared with a r and om sample from the general population taking social background , health and work-related factors into account . METHODS Data for this cross-sectional question naire study were collected in 2008 in the Västra Götal and region , Sweden . The study population ( 19 - 64 year olds ) consisted of 2888 consecutive incident sick-leave sample ( ISS ) and 3567 individuals from a r and om population sample ( RPS ) . The mailed question naire included Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and vali date d instruments on health and work-related factors . Socio-demographic data came from register data . Analyses were made with χ(2 ) tests and logistic regression analyses . RESULTS No differences in prevalence of harmful alcohol habits were found between men in the ISS ( 22 % ) and the RPS ( 21 % ) . Compared with women in the ISS , a higher proportion of women in the RPS were likely to report harmful alcohol habits [ 14 versus 9 % ( P < 0.001 ) ] . This difference was confirmed in the logistic regression analyses where women in the RPS had higher odds of having harmful alcohol habits compared with women in the ISS [ odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.54 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 1.23 - 1.89 ) ] . Even after controlling for significant confounders ( age , low income , high self-reported health and high level of perceived symptoms ) , we found that the differences in harmful alcohol habits remained [ OR = 1.44 ( 95 % CI : 1.16 - 1.81 ) ] . CONCLUSIONS Harmful alcohol habits were no commoner in men and women who belonged to the sample of incident sick-leave cases . Future studies are needed to analyse the predictive value of harmful alcohol habits on sickness absence length and the time until return to work after sickness absence
The review demonstrated that the WHO-5 has high clinimetric validity , can be used as an outcome measure balancing the wanted and unwanted effects of treatments , is a sensitive and specific screening tool for depression and its applicability across study fields is very high .
Conclusions : The WHO-5 is a short question naire consisting of 5 simple and non-invasive questions , which tap into the subjective well-being of the respondents .
The scale has adequate validity both as a screening tool for depression and as an outcome measure in clinical trials and has been applied successfully across a wide range of study fields
Background : The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index ( WHO-5 ) is among the most widely used question naires assessing subjective psychological well-being .
Since its first publication in 1998 , the WHO-5 has been translated into more than 30 language s and has been used in research studies all over the world .
We now provide a systematic review of the literature on the WHO-5 .