Conclusion : Combinations of peri- and post-injury factors appear to be influential in the development of PTSD among persons with SCI .
Objectives : To summarise quantitatively the available evidence relating to pretraumatic , peritraumatic and posttraumatic characteristics that may increase or decrease the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) following spinal cord injury ( SCI ) .
The relationship of caregiver coping to family outcomes during the initial year following pediatric traumatic injury.
This study identified coping strategies associated with  caregiver outcomes following pediatric injury and examined injury type as a moderator of coping efficacy . Families of 103 children with traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) and 71 children with orthopedic injuries were followed prospect ively during the initial year postinjury . The groups had comparable preinjury characteristics and hospitalization experiences but differed on neurological insult . In hierarchical regression analyses , acceptance was associated with lower burden and denial was associated with greater distress in both groups . Active coping result ed in higher distress following TBI but not orthopedic injuries . Conversely , the use of humor was related to diminishing distress following TBI but unrelated to distress following orthopedic injuries . Results are discussed in terms of the implication s for intervention following TBI
Conclusion : Combinations of peri- and post-injury factors appear to be influential in the development of PTSD among persons with SCI .
Objectives : To summarise quantitatively the available evidence relating to pretraumatic , peritraumatic and posttraumatic characteristics that may increase or decrease the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) following spinal cord injury ( SCI ) .