The vast majority of studies reported inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentration and all-cause mortality .
This association appeared to be non-linear , with progressively lower mortality with increasing 25(OH)D up to a point , beyond which there was no further decrease .
There is moderate evidence that vitamin D status is inversely associated with cancer mortality and death due to respiratory diseases , while for cardiovascular mortality , there is weak evidence of an association in observational studies , which is not supported by the data from intervention or Mendelian r and omization studies .
Epidemiological evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased mortality , but it is unclear whether this is explained by reverse causation , and if there are specific causes of death for which vitamin D might be important .
Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and multiple health conditions, physical performance measures, disability, and all-cause mortality: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project.
OBJECTIVES To explore associations between serum  25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25(OH)D ) levels and a wide range of health conditions , physical performance measures , disability , and mortality in a large epidemiological study to identify an optimum range for 25(OH)D concentrations . DESIGN Cross-sectional study , with additional prospect i ve data on falls and mortality . SETTING Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project , Sydney , Australia . PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling men aged 70 and older ( N = 1,659 ) . MEASUREMENTS  Serum 25(OH)D levels , general health status , self-reported diseases , physical performance measures , disability ( activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living ) and falls . RESULTS Fair , poor , and very poor health ; self-reported diabetes mellitus ; hyperglycemia ; depression ; muscle weakness ; poor balance ; and all-cause mortality were all associated with serum 25(OH)D levels less than 50 nmol/L , even after adjustment for confounding . The findings also suggest that , in older men , for a wide range of health conditions , physical performance measures , disability , falls , and mortality , the optimum range of 25(OH)D is between 50.0 and 74.9 nmol/L , with no additional benefit for 25(OH)D levels of 75.0 nmol/L or greater . CONCLUSION Programs aim ed at achieving an optimum range of serum 25(OH)D at levels between 50.0 and 74.9 nmol/L may have overall health benefits and such levels are adequate for older men
The vast majority of studies reported inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentration and all-cause mortality .
This association appeared to be non-linear , with progressively lower mortality with increasing 25(OH)D up to a point , beyond which there was no further decrease .
There is moderate evidence that vitamin D status is inversely associated with cancer mortality and death due to respiratory diseases , while for cardiovascular mortality , there is weak evidence of an association in observational studies , which is not supported by the data from intervention or Mendelian r and omization studies .
Epidemiological evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased mortality , but it is unclear whether this is explained by reverse causation , and if there are specific causes of death for which vitamin D might be important .