There was consistent evidence from cross-sectional data of an unfavourable association between total sedentary time and insulin sensitivity .
There was also some evidence that total sedentary time was unfavourably associated with fasting insulin , insulin resistance and triglycerides .
Furthermore , there was some evidence from cross-sectional data of a favourable association between breaks in sedentary time and triglycerides .
CONCLUSION Total sedentary time was consistently shown to be associated with poorer insulin sensitivity , even after adjusting for time spent in physical activity .
OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review to investigate the cross-sectional and prospect i ve associations of accelerometer-measured total sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with individual cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults ≥18years of age .
Diet or diet plus physical activity versus usual care in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: the Early ACTID randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND Lifestyle changes soon after diagnosis might improve outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus , but no large trials have compared interventions . We investigated the effects of diet and physical activity on blood pressure and glucose concentrations . METHODS We did a r and omised , controlled trial in southwest Engl and in adults aged 30 - 80 years in whom type 2 diabetes had been diagnosed 5 - 8 months previously . Participants were assigned usual care ( initial dietary consultation and follow-up every 6 months ; control group ) , an intensive diet intervention ( dietary consultation every 3 months with monthly nurse support ) , or the latter plus a pedometer-based activity programme , in a 2:5:5 ratio . The primary endpoint was improvement in glycated haemoglobin A(1c)(HbA(1c ) ) concentration and blood pressure at 6 months . Analysis was done by intention to treat . This study is registered , number IS RCT N92162869 . FINDINGS Of 593 eligible individuals , 99 were assigned usual care , 248 the diet regimen , and 246 diet plus activity . Outcome data were available for 587 ( 99 % ) and 579 ( 98 % ) participants at 6 and 12 months , respectively . At 6 months , glycaemic control had worsened in the control group ( mean baseline HbA(1c ) percentage 6·72 , SD 1·02 , and at 6 months 6·86 , 1·02 ) but improved in the diet group ( baseline-adjusted difference in percentage of HbA(1c ) -0·28 % , 95 % CI -0·46 to -0·10 ; p=0·005 ) and diet plus activity group ( -0·33 % , -0·51 to -0·14 ; p<0·001 ) . These differences persisted to 12 months , despite less use of diabetes drugs . Improvements were also seen in bodyweight and insulin resistance between the intervention and control groups . Blood pressure was similar in all groups . INTERPRETATION An intensive diet intervention soon after diagnosis can improve glycaemic control . The addition of an activity intervention conferred no additional benefit . FUNDING Diabetes UK and the UK Department of Health
There was consistent evidence from cross-sectional data of an unfavourable association between total sedentary time and insulin sensitivity .
There was also some evidence that total sedentary time was unfavourably associated with fasting insulin , insulin resistance and triglycerides .
Furthermore , there was some evidence from cross-sectional data of a favourable association between breaks in sedentary time and triglycerides .
CONCLUSION Total sedentary time was consistently shown to be associated with poorer insulin sensitivity , even after adjusting for time spent in physical activity .
OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review to investigate the cross-sectional and prospect i ve associations of accelerometer-measured total sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with individual cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults ≥18years of age .