The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
Selenium supplementation decreases nuclear factor-kappa B activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients.
OBJECTIVE The role of selenium in preventing cardiovascular diseases has been largely described . Oxidative stress and the subsequent activation of nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-kappaB ) have been linked to the development of vascular complications . We investigated the effects of selenium supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients on several oxidative stress parameters and NF-kappaB activity . METHODS We enrolled 56 type 2 diabetic patients with similar glycaemic control : 21 were supplemented by selenium ( 960 micro g d(-1 ) , 3 months ) and 27 received a placebo  , and 10 nondiabetic subjects formed the control group . To determine NF-kappaB activation , we used an electrophoretic mobility shift assay followed by a semi-quantitative determination of NF-kappaB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells . RESULTS Selenium treatment result ed in a significant increase in plasma selenium and red-cell Se GSH px activity . It had no effect on lipid peroxidation measured by malone-dialdehyde ( MDA ) or on red-cell Cu/Zn SOD . NF-kappaB activity was increased by 80 % in diabetic patients . In patients receiving selenium supplementation , selenium NF-kappaB activity was significantly reduced , reaching the same level as the nondiabetic control group . CONCLUSION In type 2 diabetic patients , activation of NF-kappaB measured in peripheral blood monocytes can be reduced by selenium supplementation , confirming its importance in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .