We conclude based on high quality evidence from r and omized controlled trials ( RCT ) , systematic review s and meta-analyses of cohort studies that singling out added sugars as unique culprits for metabolically based diseases such as obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears inconsistent with modern , high quality evidence and is very unlikely to yield health benefits .
While it is prudent to consume added sugars in moderation , the reduction of these components of the diet without other reductions of caloric sources seems unlikely to achieve any meaningful benefit
Added sugars are a controversial and hotly debated topic .
Consumption of added sugars has been implicated in increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases including obesity , cardiovascular disease , diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) as well as cognitive decline and even some cancers .
Support for these putative associations has been challenged , however , on a variety of fronts .
The purpose of the current review is to summarize high impact evidence including systematic review s , meta-analyses , and r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) , in an attempt to provide an overview of current evidence related to added sugars and health considerations .
This paper is an extension of a symposium held at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference entitled " Sweeteners and Health : Current Underst and ings , Controversies , Recent Research Findings and Directions for Future Research " .
Egg consumption, serum cholesterol, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality: the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980 (NIPPON DATA80).
BACKGROUND Because egg yolk has a high cholesterol concentration , limited egg consumption is often suggested to help prevent ischemic heart disease ( IHD ) . OBJECTIVE We epidemiologically examined the validity of this recommendation . DESIGN We analyzed the relations of egg consumption to serum cholesterol and cause-specific and all-cause mortality by using the NIPPON DATA 80 ( National Integrated Project for Prospect i ve Observation of Non-communicable Disease And its Trends in the Aged , 1980 ) data base . At the baseline examination in 1980 , a nutritional survey was performed by using the food-frequency method in Japanese subjects aged > or = 30 y. We followed 5186 women and 4077 men for 14 y. RESULTS The subjects were categorized into 5 egg consumption groups on the basis of their responses to a question naire ( > or = 2/d , 1/d , 1/2 d , 1 - 2/wk , and seldom ) . There were 69 , 1396 , 1667 , 1742 , and 315 women in each of the 5 groups , respectively . Age-adjusted total cholesterol ( 5.21 , 5.04 , 4.95 , 4.91 , and 4.92 mmol/L in the 5 egg consumption categories , respectively ) was related to egg consumption ( P < 0.0001 , analysis of covariance ) . In women , unadjusted IHD mortality and all-cause mortality differed significantly between the groups [ IHD mortality : 1.1 , 0.5 , 0.4 , 0.5 , and 2.0 per 1000 person-years , respectively ( P = 0.008 , chi-square test ) ; all-cause mortality : 14.8 , 8.0 , 7.5 , 7.5 , and 14.5 per 1000 person-years , respectively ( P < 0.0001 , chi-square test ) ] . In men , egg consumption was not related to age-adjusted total cholesterol . Cox analysis found that , in women , all-cause mortality in the 1 - 2-eggs/wk group was significantly lower than that in the 1-egg/d group , whereas no such relations were noted in men . CONCLUSION Limiting egg consumption may have some health benefits , at least in women in geographic areas where egg consumption makes a relatively large contribution to total dietary cholesterol intake
We conclude based on high quality evidence from r and omized controlled trials ( RCT ) , systematic review s and meta-analyses of cohort studies that singling out added sugars as unique culprits for metabolically based diseases such as obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears inconsistent with modern , high quality evidence and is very unlikely to yield health benefits .
While it is prudent to consume added sugars in moderation , the reduction of these components of the diet without other reductions of caloric sources seems unlikely to achieve any meaningful benefit
Added sugars are a controversial and hotly debated topic .
Consumption of added sugars has been implicated in increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases including obesity , cardiovascular disease , diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) as well as cognitive decline and even some cancers .
Support for these putative associations has been challenged , however , on a variety of fronts .
The purpose of the current review is to summarize high impact evidence including systematic review s , meta-analyses , and r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) , in an attempt to provide an overview of current evidence related to added sugars and health considerations .
This paper is an extension of a symposium held at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference entitled " Sweeteners and Health : Current Underst and ings , Controversies , Recent Research Findings and Directions for Future Research " .