D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Is fasting glucose sufficient to define diabetes? Epidemiological data from 20 European studies
Aims /hypothesis . The World Health Organisation Consultation recommended new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus including : lowering of the diagnostic fasting plasma glucose to 7.0 mmol/l and introduction of a new category : impaired fasting glycaemia . The diagnostic 2-h glucose concentrations for diabetes and for impaired glucose tolerance were unchanged . This study identifies fasting plasma glucose concentrations predicting a diabetic 2-h plasma glucose of 11.1 mmol/l or more , analyses the sensitivity and specificity of different screening strategies for diabetes and describes the cardiovascular risk profile in people with impaired fasting glycaemia . Methods . European population based studies ( n = 17 ) or large , representative sample s of employees ( n = 3 ) with both fasting and 2-h post load glucose concentrations following 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests were included ( 18 918 men and 10 190 women ) . The Icel and study ( 8881 men and 9407 women ) is presented separately as a 50-g glucose load was used . Results . The fasting plasma glucose predicting a 2-h plasma glucose of 11.1 mmol/l or more with optimal sensitivity and specificity was a ) 5.8 mmol/l in women and 6.4 mmol/l in men ; b ) independent of age ; c ) increased with obesity . Fasting plasma glucose of 7.0/7.8 mmol/l or more predicted a diabetic 2-h plasma glucose with sensitivities of 49.0/29.8 % and specificities of 98.2/99.7 % , respectively . Conclusion /interpretation . If fasting glucose is used alone , the 31 % of diabetic subjects with a non-diabetic fasting glucose but a diabetic 2-h glucose , will not be diagnosed ; impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance do not identify the same people ; the risk profile of people with impaired fasting glycaemia depends on 2-h glucose concentrations . Obesity is the main confounder in the association between fasting and 2-h glucose . [ Diabetologia ( 1999 ) 42 : 647–654
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .