Conclusion : Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly .
However subgroup analysis regarding dose ( ≥ 30 g/day ) and duration ( between 4 to 8 weeks ) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI
ABSTRACT Background : Cocoa and dark chocolate ( DC ) have been reported to be effective for health promotion ; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined .
Postprandial Effects of Breakfast Glycemic Index on Vascular Function among Young Healthy Adults: A Crossover Clinical Trial
This study aim ed to evaluate the postpr and ial effects of high and low glycemic index ( GI ) breakfasts on vascular function . It was a crossover trial that included 40 young healthy adults ( 50 % women ) , aged 20–40 years , who were recruited at primary care setting s. They consumed three experimental breakfasts in r and omized order , each one separated by a 1-week washout period : ( 1 ) control conditions ( only water ) ; ( 2 ) low GI ( LGI ) breakfast ( 29.4 GI and 1489 KJ energy ) ; and ( 3 ) high GI ( HGI ) breakfast ( 64.0 GI and 1318 KJ energy ) . Blood sample s were collected at 60 and 120 min after each breakfast to determine glucose and insulin levels . Vascular parameters were measured at 15 min intervals . Augmentation index ( AIx ) was studied as a primary outcome . Secondary outcomes comprised glucose , insulin , heart rate ( HR ) and pulse pressures ( PPs ) . We found a trend toward increased AIx , HR and PPs for the HGI versus the LGI breakfast . A significant interaction between the type of breakfast consumed and all measured parameters was identified ( p < 0.05 ) except for central PP . Stratifying data by sex , this interaction remained significant for AIx and augmentation pressure only in males ( p < 0.05 ) . In conclusion , breakfast GI could affect postpr and ial vascular responses in young healthy adults
Conclusion : Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly .
However subgroup analysis regarding dose ( ≥ 30 g/day ) and duration ( between 4 to 8 weeks ) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI
ABSTRACT Background : Cocoa and dark chocolate ( DC ) have been reported to be effective for health promotion ; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined .