A healthier dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive outcomes in all studies , although some of the reported associations were weak and the measures used varied across the studies .
Conclusions Physical activity and healthy diets in early childhood are associated with better cognitive outcomes  in young children .
Objective Given the high prevalence of suboptimal nutrition and low activity levels in children , we systematic ally review ed the literature on the relationship between physical activity and dietary patterns and cognitive development in early childhood ( six months to five years ) .
Do Dietary Trajectories between Infancy and Toddlerhood Influence IQ in Childhood and Adolescence? Results from a Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Objective We examined whether trajectories of dietary patterns from 6 to 24 months of age are associated with  intelligence quotient ( IQ ) in childhood and adolescence . Methods Participants were children enrolled in a prospect i ve UK birth cohort ( n = 7652 ) who had IQ measured at age 8 and /or 15 years .  Dietary patterns were previously extracted from question naires when children were aged 6 , 15 and 24 months using principal component analysis . Dietary trajectories were generated by combining scores on similar dietary patterns across each age , using multilevel mixed models . Associations between dietary trajectories and IQ were examined in generalized linear models with adjustment for potential confounders . Results Four dietary pattern trajectories were constructed from 6 to 24 months of age and were named according to foods that made the strongest contribution to trajectory scores ; Healthy ( characterised by breastfeeding at 6 months , raw fruit and vegetables , cheese and herbs at 15 and 24 months ) ; Discretionary ( biscuits , chocolate , crisps at all ages ) , Traditional ( meat , cooked vegetables and puddings at all ages ) and , Ready-to-eat ( use of ready-prepared baby foods at 6 and 15 months , biscuits , bread and breakfast cereals at 24 months ) . In fully-adjusted models , a 1 SD change in the Healthy trajectory was weakly associated with higher IQ at age 8 ( 1.07 ( 95%CI 0.17 , 1.97 ) ) but not 15 years ( 0.49 ( −0.28 , 1.26 ) ) . Associations between the Discretionary and Traditional trajectories with IQ at 8 and 15 years were as follows ; Discretionary ; 8 years −0.35(−1.03 , 0.33 ) , 15 years −0.73(−1.33 , −0.14 ) Traditional ; 8 years −0.19(−0.71 , 0.33)15 years −0.41(−0.77 , −0.04 ) ) . The Ready-to-eat trajectory had no association with IQ at either age ( 8 years 0.32(−4.31 , 4.95 ) , 15 years 1.11(−3.10 , 5.33 ) . Conclusions The Discretionary and Traditional dietary pattern trajectories from 6 to 24 months of age , over the period when food patterns begin to emerge , are weakly associated with IQ  in adolescence
A healthier dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive outcomes in all studies , although some of the reported associations were weak and the measures used varied across the studies .
Conclusions Physical activity and healthy diets in early childhood are associated with better cognitive outcomes  in young children .
Objective Given the high prevalence of suboptimal nutrition and low activity levels in children , we systematic ally review ed the literature on the relationship between physical activity and dietary patterns and cognitive development in early childhood ( six months to five years ) .