Moderate evidence was observed for : ( 1 ) no effect of workstation adjustment , ( 2 ) no effect of rest breaks and exercise and ( 3 ) positive effect of alternative pointing devices .
For all other interventions mixed or insufficient evidence of effect was observed .
Conclusion : Few high quality studies were found that examined the effects of interventions in the office on musculoskeletal or visual health
Background : The literature examining the effects of workstation , eyewear and behavioral interventions on  musculoskeletal and visual symptoms among computer users is large and heterogeneous .
Methods : A systematic review of the literature used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the general question “ Do office interventions among computer users have an effect on musculoskeletal or visual health ? ”
Will Visual Discomfort among Visual Display Unit (VDU) Users Change in Development When Moving from Single Vision Lenses to Specially Designed VDU Progressive Lenses?
Purpose . Three types of progressive additions lenses ( PAL ) specially design ed for VDU-work and one single vision lens were compared in a prospect i ve field study . The aim was to investigate if these progressive lenses created a difference in the development of visual discomfort compared to single vision lenses when working on an optimized VDU-workstation . Methods . The study had a prospect i ve , parallel group design , with four groups of VDU-workers . Approximately 40 subjects in each group , selected after careful task analysis with special attention towards the visual angles and distances to the work tasks . The groups were followed over one year . A question naire concerning visual conditions , working conditions , discomfort in different body areas , the status of the subjects ’ optometric corrections , psychological factors both at work and at home , amount , frequency and duration of VDU-work etc . was filled in before the intervention , after six months and after one year . No other contact was made with the subjects . The VDU-lenses included were Interview ( Essilor ) , Gradal RD ( Zeiss ) and Technica ( American Optical ) . Pain intensity and duration were assessed on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) before the intervention , and six and twelve months after the intervention . All subjects were given a complete optometric examination . Results . Only small changes in the development of headache and visual discomfort were registered . However , the subjective evaluation of area of clear vision and overall satisfaction was significantly improved for the Interview and Gradal RD lens ( p < 0.05 ) . There were no significant changes for Technica and single vision lenses . Conclusion . Lens design s that cover viewing distances from near and out to approximately 2 meters work well compared to lens design s trying to cover greater range of clear vision . When tasks analysis shows that single vision correction may be used , this is still an acceptable solution
Moderate evidence was observed for : ( 1 ) no effect of workstation adjustment , ( 2 ) no effect of rest breaks and exercise and ( 3 ) positive effect of alternative pointing devices .
For all other interventions mixed or insufficient evidence of effect was observed .
Conclusion : Few high quality studies were found that examined the effects of interventions in the office on musculoskeletal or visual health
Background : The literature examining the effects of workstation , eyewear and behavioral interventions on  musculoskeletal and visual symptoms among computer users is large and heterogeneous .
Methods : A systematic review of the literature used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the general question “ Do office interventions among computer users have an effect on musculoskeletal or visual health ? ”