The physiotherapy assessment s such as pain , swelling , range of motion , muscle strength , balance , gait and functional assessment demonstrated good concurrent validity .
Conclusion TR-based physiotherapy assessment was technically feasible with overall good concurrent validity and excellent reliability , except for lumbar spine posture , orthopaedic special tests , neurodynamic testa and scar assessment
Purpose The purpose of this review is to systematic ally explore and summarise the validity and reliability of telerehabilitation (TR)-based physiotherapy assessment for musculoskeletal disorders .

Fundamental principles of validation, and reliability: rigorous science for the assessment of surgical education and training

Surgery has always been a dynamic discipline . It has a long history of groundbreaking innovations that dramatically improved the way patients were treated and surgery was practice d. However , nothing could have prepared the surgical community for the revolutionary advances of the last 2 decades . Almost overnight , the traditional open approach to surgery was replaced by a minimally invasive surgery ( MIS ) approach [ 2 ] . Practitioners quickly realized that this novel approach would require new types of training . Suddenly , the directors of surgical residency programs had to deal with faculty members who were question ing the training paradigm that had served surgery well for a century . The traditional Halsteadian method did not seem to be suitable for the new types of skills required for MIS . To make matters worse , the length of time allocated to training residents was contracting . In the European Union in 2001 the European Working time Directive was extended to include physicians in training and this year in the United States of America the m and atory 80 hour work week restriction has been instituted , both dramatically reducing work/training hours for residents . At the same time , the practice of surgery came under scrutiny in another , apparently unrelated area when the value and relevance of surgical research became an issue of controversy . In an unprecedented attack , the editor of the Lancet [ 6 ] publically called into question the quality of current surgical research . In an editorial entitled ‘ ‘ Surgical Research or Comic Opera ? ’ ’ Dr. Horton expressed grave reservations about its utility , validity , and usefulness . Although the editorial was met by the surgical community with the predictable indignant response , Horton did make some valid points . Not necessarily in response to this editorial but certainly contiguous to it , surgical research appears to be moving away from reliance on retrospective data to prospect i ve , r and omized , and —where possible— blinded data . It is our contention that these two issues , i.e. , MIS skills and surgical research , have now converged around the very essence of our surgical heritage — the stringent use of the ‘ ‘ scientific method ’’ and objective assessment . Perhaps this is best exemplified by the relatively new editorial practice of prioritizing prospect i ve , r and omized , blinded surgical trials for publication . Although blinded , r and omized , controlled trial design can be employed to answer definitively many surgical research questions , we must remember that this design is only one of a quiver full of research method ologies , and may not always be the experimental design of choice . The function of good science is to show clear cause- and -effect relationships , and this does not always require a prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blind experimental design . Indeed the optimal method may not even be experimental , but statistical , such as Structural Equation Models [ 3 ] . This methodology will almost certainly be required to answer the question of which fundamental psychological abilities predict MIS skills/performance or what factors predict obesity or treatment outcomes in obesity . In both of these examples the answer will be multifactorial , which precludes the use of traditional experimental design . The control exerted with traditional experimental design will be replaced with the equally powerful ( but method ologically more sophisticated ) ‘ ‘ statistical ’ ’ control . The point we want to make here is that there is no ‘ ‘ magic bullet ’ ’ experimental methodology for surgical research ; instead , there is a range of experimental design s that should be applied appropriately to answer the pertinent research question . Research design should therefore vary depending on the circumstances . An eloquent example can be found in a report form the Dundee MIS group , who used four subjects and , in essence , a single-subject design to evaluate the utility of three-dimensional camera systems [ 5 ] . The research design they used answered the question unequivocally , but Correspondence to : A. G. Gallagher Surg Endosc ( 2003 ) 17 : 1525–1529 DOI : 10.1007/s00464 - 003 - 0035 -
The physiotherapy assessment s such as pain , swelling , range of motion , muscle strength , balance , gait and functional assessment demonstrated good concurrent validity .
Conclusion TR-based physiotherapy assessment was technically feasible with overall good concurrent validity and excellent reliability , except for lumbar spine posture , orthopaedic special tests , neurodynamic testa and scar assessment
Purpose The purpose of this review is to systematic ally explore and summarise the validity and reliability of telerehabilitation (TR)-based physiotherapy assessment for musculoskeletal disorders .