The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .
Working memory training in young children with ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND Until now , working memory training has not reached sufficient evidence as effective treatment for ADHD core symptoms in children with ADHD ; for young children with ADHD , no studies are available . To this end , a triple-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled study was design ed to assess the efficacy of Cogmed Working Memory Training ( CWMT ) in young children with ADHD . METHODS Fifty-one children ( 5 - 7 years ) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD ( without current psychotropic medication ) were r and omly assigned to the active ( adaptive ) or placebo ( nonadaptive ) training condition for 25 sessions during 5 weeks . The compliance criterion ( > 20 sessions ) was met for 47 children . The primary outcome measure concerned the core behavioural symptoms of ADHD , measured with the ADHD Rating Scale IV ( ADHD-RS ) . Secondary outcome measures were neurocognitive functioning , daily executive functioning , and global clinical functioning . The influence of the increase in difficulty level ( Index-Improvement ) for the treatment group was also analysed . Clinical trial registration information - ' Working Memory Training in Young ADHD Children ' ; www . clinical trials.gov ; NCT00819611 . RESULTS A significant improvement in favour of the active condition was found on a verbal working memory task ( p = .041 ; adapted Digit Span WISC-III , backward condition ) . However , it did not survive correction for multiple testing . No significant treatment effect on any of the primary or other secondary outcome measurements was found . The Index-Improvement significantly contributed to ADHD-RS and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function , both rated by the teacher , but revealed no significant group difference . CONCLUSIONS This study failed to find robust evidence for benefits of CMWT over the placebo training on behavioural symptoms , neurocognitive , daily executive , and global clinical functioning in young children with ADHD
The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .