Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .
Long-term effectiveness of an educational and physical intervention for preventing low-back pain recurrence: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE Low-back pain ( LBP ) is a common and recurrent condition , but the evidence is scarce about effective strategies to prevent recurrence and disability in the longer term . This study investigated the effect of a light exercise program , initiated in the workplace and continued at home , in reducing recurrence of  LBP  episodes  among healthcare workers . METHODS A total of 353 healthcare workers from ten hospitals were enrolled in a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) and were r and omized to the intervention or control groups , the latter of which received usual care . The intervention comprised three steps : ( i ) a 2-hour education session , ( ii ) five weekly 90-minutes exercise training sessions in the workplace , and ( iii ) a home-based self-managed exercise program . The main outcome was recurrence of LBP with sick-leave at 24-months follow-up . RESULTS At two-year follow-up , 35 workers ( 24 % ) in the intervention group and 31 workers ( 21 % ) in the control group had at least one LBP recurrence with sick leave . No effect was observed between groups [ odds ratio ( OR ) 1.22 , 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) 0.67 - 2.23 , P=0.516 ] . The intervention was effective in reducing fear avoidance with a mean reduction of -3.6 ( 95 % CI -4.8- -2.4 ) points on the fear-avoidance beliefs question naire score for physical activity ( FABQ-P ) in the intervention group compared with -1.3 ( 95 % CI -2.2- -0.3 ) points in the control group ( P<0.05 ) . It was also effective in improving muscle endurance with a mean increase of 13.9 ( 95 % CI 3.3 - 24.5 ) minutes on the Sorensen test in the intervention group compared with -8.3 ( 95 % CI-17.5 - 0.9 ) minutes in the control group ( P<0.05 ) . Healthcare utilization was reduced in the intervention group for painkillers , medical visits , imaging and outpatient physiotherapy . CONCLUSION It was not possible to conclude about the effectiveness of a light exercise program to reduce LBP recurrence episodes in the long-term in healthcare workers . However , it was effective to improve muscle endurance , and to reduce fear-avoidance beliefs and healthcare utilization . Further studies are necessary in order to identify effective interventions to reduce LBP recurrence and related sick-leaves
Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .