We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .
Effect of hormone therapy and calcitriol on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal older women: association with estrogen receptor-&agr; genotypes
Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the effect of conjugated equine estrogens alone ( ET ) , conjugated equine estrogens + medroxyprogesterone ( EPT ) , calcitriol alone , calcitriol + EPT/ET , or placebo on serum lipid profile and analyze the interaction with estrogen receptor-&agr ; gene single nucleotide polymorphisms ( ESR-&agr ; SNPs ) on the response to therapy . Methods : A total of 489 postmenopausal women older than 65 years were enrolled into a 3-year double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . Results : In both intent-to-treat and complier ( > 80 % adherent ) analysis , there was a significant increase in serum high-density lipoproteins and a significant decrease in serum low-density lipoproteins ( LDLs ) and the LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio in all hormone treatment groups compared with placebo ( P < 0.05 ) . However , serum triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins increased in the EPT and ET + calcitriol groups versus placebo ( P < 0.05 ) . ESR-&agr ; SNPs PvuII and XbaI seemed to have a significant effect on the response to treatment . Genotypes containing the p allele showed a significantly greater decrease in serum cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein than those having the P allele in the ET + calcitriol group ( P < 0.05 ) , and those with the x allele had a significantly greater decrease in serum cholesterol in the hormone therapy + calcitriol group at the end of 3 years versus the X allele , and a greater decrease in serum LDL in alleles x versus the X in the ET + calcitriol group ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions : ET with or without progesterone had a favorable effect on lipid profile  in postmenopausal older women , and this was dependent on estrogen receptor SNPs-PvuII and XbaI. However , this interaction with ESR-&agr ; SNPs needs to be confirmed in larger studies
We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .