Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on  PA  levels in community-dwelling older adults , with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation
Exercise is a form of physical activity ( PA ) .
PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults .
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure , and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65 + year-old adults .
A 2-Year Follow-Up After a 2-Year RCT with Vitamin D and Exercise: Effects on Falls, Injurious Falls and Physical Functioning Among Older Women
Abstract Background Both exercise and vitamin D are recommended means to prevent falls among older adults , but their combined effects on fall-induced injuries are scarcely studied . Methods A 2-year follow-up of a previous 2-year r and omized controlled trial with vitamin D and exercise ( Ex ) of 409 older home-dwelling women using a factorial 2 × 2 design ( D−Ex− , D+Ex− , D−Ex+ , D+Ex+ ) . Besides monthly fall diaries , femoral neck bone mineral density ( fn-BMD ) , and physical functioning were assessed at 1 and 2 years after the intervention . Results After the intervention , S-25OHD concentrations declined to baseline levels in both supplement groups . The groups did not differ for change in fn-BMD or physical functioning , except for leg extensor muscle strength , which remained about 10 % greater in the exercise groups compared with the reference group ( D−Ex− ) . There were no between-group differences in the rate of all falls , but medically attended injurious falls reduced in D+Ex− and D−Ex+ groups compared with D−Ex−. However , all former treatment groups had less medically attended injured fallers , HRs ( 95 % CI ) being 0.62 ( 0.39–1.00 ) for D+Ex− , 0.46 ( 0.28–0.76 ) for D−Ex+ , and 0.55 ( 0.34–0.88 ) for D+Ex+ , compared with D−Ex−. Conclusions Exercise-induced benefits in physical functioning partly remained 2 years after cessation of supervised training . Although there was no difference in the rate of all falls , former exercise groups continued to have lower rate of medically attended injured fallers compared with referents even 2 years after the intervention . Vitamin D without exercise was associated with less injurious falls with no difference in physical functioning
Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on  PA  levels in community-dwelling older adults , with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation
Exercise is a form of physical activity ( PA ) .
PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults .
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure , and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65 + year-old adults .