Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .
Increased dopamine tone during meditation-induced change of consciousness.
This is the first in vivo demonstration of an association between endogenous neurotransmitter release and conscious experience . Using 11C-raclopride PET we demonstrated increased endogenous dopamine release in the ventral striatum during Yoga Nidra meditation . Yoga Nidra is characterized by a depressed level of desire for action , associated with decreased blood flow in prefrontal , cerebellar and subcortical regions , structures thought to be organized in open loops subserving executive control . In the striatum , dopamine modulates excitatory glutamatergic synapses of the projections from the frontal cortex to striatal neurons , which in turn project back to the frontal cortex via the pallidum and ventral thalamus . The present study was design ed to investigate whether endogenous dopamine release increases during loss of executive control in meditation . Participants underwent  two 11C-raclopride PET scans : one while attending to speech with eyes closed , and one during active meditation .  The tracer competes with endogenous dopamine for access to dopamine D2 receptors predominantly found in the basal ganglia . During meditation , 11C-raclopride binding in ventral striatum decreased by 7.9 % . This corresponds to a 65 % increase in endogenous dopamine release . The reduced raclopride binding correlated significantly with a concomitant increase in EEG theta activity , a characteristic feature of meditation . All participants reported a decreased desire for action during meditation , along with heightened sensory imagery . The level of gratification and the depth of relaxation did not differ between the attention and meditation conditions . Here we show increased striatal dopamine release during meditation associated with the experience of reduced readiness for action . It is suggested that being in the conscious state of meditation causes a suppression of cortico-striatal glutamatergic transmission . To our knowledge this is the first time in vivo evidence has been provided for regulation of conscious states at a synaptic level
Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .