Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .
The effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between dietary macronutrient composition and appetite is controversial . We examined the effects of a year-long low-carbohydrate diet compared to a low-fat diet on appetite-related hormones and self-reported change in appetite . METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 148 adults with a body mass index 30 - 45 kg/m(2 ) , who were free of diabetes , cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease at baseline were r and omly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate diet ( carbohydrate [ excluding dietary fiber]<40 g/day ; N = 75 ) or a low-fat diet ( < 30 % energy from fat , < 7 % from saturated fat ; N = 73 ) . Participants in both groups attended individual and group dietary counseling sessions where they were provided the same behavioral curriculum and advised to maintain baseline levels of physical activity . Appetite and appetite-related hormones were measured at 0 , 3 , 6 and 12 months of intervention . At 12 months , mean changes ( 95 % CI ) in peptide YY were -34.8 pg/mL ( -41.0 to -28.6 ) and in the low-carbohydrate group and -44.2 pg/mL ( -50.4 to -38.0 ) in the low-fat group ( net change : 9.54 pg/mL [ 0.6 to 18.2 ] ; p = 0.036 ) . Approximately 99 % of dietary effects on peptide YY are explained by differences in dietary macronutrient content . There was no difference in change in ghrelin or self-reported change in appetite between the groups . CONCLUSIONS A low-fat diet reduced peptide YY more than a low-carbohydrate diet . These findings suggest that satiety may be better preserved on a low-carbohydrate diet , as compared to a low fat diet . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00609271
Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .