In many instances , no or minimal attempts to screen were undertaken or reported .
Background Subacromial shoulder pain is a common clinical presentation with much diagnostic uncertainty .
Some of this uncertainty relates to the involvement of the cervical spine as a source or contribution to subacromial shoulder pain .
Currently , there is no accepted method of screening of the cervical spine in the presence of subacromial shoulder pain , which risks patients receiving misguided and /or ineffective interventions .
Objective To evaluate approaches used to screen the cervical spine in patients with subacromial shoulder pain .
EMG biofeedback effectiveness to alter muscle activity pattern and scapular kinematics in subjects with and without shoulder impingement.
BACKGROUND Muscle imbalance between serratus anterior ( SA ) , upper trapezius ( UA ) , middle trapezius ( MT ) , and lower trapezius ( LT ) muscles has been observed in subjects with subacromial impingement syndrome ( SAIS ) . OBJECTIVE ( 1 ) To investigate the effect of electromyography ( EMG ) biofeedback training on muscle balance ratios and scapular kinematics in healthy adults and subjects with SAIS . ( 2 ) To investigate whether the effects of EMG biofeedback on muscle balance ratios are different between groups . DESIGN Twelve healthy adults and 13 subjects with SAIS were recruited in this study .  EMG  was used to record the activity of scapular muscles . The ratios ( UT/SA , UT/MT , and UT/LT ) during exercises with/without EMG biofeedback were calculated . Scapular kinematics were recorded before and after exercises with/without EMG biofeedback . RESULTS For the subjects with SAIS , muscle balance ratios were lower during forward flexion with EMG biofeedback than during exercise only ( UT/SA : 70.3 - 45.2 ; UT/LT : 124.8 - 94.6 ) . Additionally , similar results were found during side-lying external rotation ( UT/MT : 58.5 - 36.4 ) . For the scapular upward rotation and tipping in both groups , there were no significant differences with and without EMG biofeedback . CONCLUSION EMG biofeedback improved the scapular muscular balance during training exercises in both groups . Further clinical trials should investigate the long-term effects of EMG biofeedback
In many instances , no or minimal attempts to screen were undertaken or reported .
Background Subacromial shoulder pain is a common clinical presentation with much diagnostic uncertainty .
Some of this uncertainty relates to the involvement of the cervical spine as a source or contribution to subacromial shoulder pain .
Currently , there is no accepted method of screening of the cervical spine in the presence of subacromial shoulder pain , which risks patients receiving misguided and /or ineffective interventions .
Objective To evaluate approaches used to screen the cervical spine in patients with subacromial shoulder pain .