Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle-aged men. Evidence from a 20-year follow-up of the primary prevention study in Göteborg.
We set out to examine the long-term effect of work-related and leisure time physical activity on risk of death from  coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and other causes . Data were obtained from a large prospect i ve population study of 7142 participant men aged 47 to 55 years at baseline in 1970 - 1973 and without symptomatic CHD . Data on physical activity at work and at leisure were assessed by way of a question naire . After 20 years follow-up men with physically dem and ing work had a slightly higher mortality from all causes , but not from CHD . The association with all-cause mortality disappeared after controlling for smoking , occupational class , and alcohol abuse . Men who were physically active during leisure time had a lower risk of death from CHD , cancer , and all causes . After controlling for smoking , diastolic blood pressure , serum cholesterol , body mass index , diabetes alcohol abuse , and low occupational class , the most active men had a relative risk ( RR ) of dying from CHD of 0.72 ( 0.56 - 0.92 95 % CI ) and of all causes of 0.70 ( 0.61 - 0.80 95 % CI ) . The adjusted relative risk for cancer death was of borderline significance . Noncardiovascular deaths other than cancer showed a strong relationship with low physical activity in the present study that remained after controlling for smoking , alcohol abuse , and other factors ( adjusted RR 0.55 ( 0.42 - 0.73 95 % CI ) ) . The protective effect of CHD and on mortality was present after excluding the first 8 years of follow-up , and at all levels of other risk factors , such as smoking , diastolic blood pressure , serum cholesterol , and body mass index . In conclusion , this long-term study demonstrates the protective effect of  leisure time physical activity on CHD death , cancer death , and on death from all causes . The effect on coronary death and on death from all causes was independent of other risk factors
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .