D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial.
BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate diets are popular for weight loss , but their cardiovascular effects have not been well-studied , particularly in diverse population s. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet compared with a low-fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors . DESIGN A r and omized , parallel-group trial . ( Clinical Trials.gov : NCT00609271 ) . SETTING A large academic medical center . PARTICIPANTS 148 men and women without clinical cardiovascular disease and diabetes . INTERVENTION A low-carbohydrate ( < 40 g/d ) or low-fat ( < 30 % of daily energy intake from total fat [ < 7 % saturated fat ] ) diet . Both groups received dietary counseling at regular intervals throughout the trial . MEASUREMENTS Data on weight , cardiovascular risk factors , and dietary composition were collected at 0 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months . RESULTS Sixty participants ( 82 % ) in the low-fat group and 59 ( 79 % ) in the low-carbohydrate group completed the intervention . At 12 months , participants on the low-carbohydrate diet had greater decreases in weight ( mean difference in change , -3.5 kg [ 95 % CI , -5.6 to -1.4 kg ] ; P = 0.002 ) , fat mass ( mean difference in change , -1.5 % [ CI , -2.6 % to -0.4 % ] ; P = 0.011 ) , ratio of total-high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol ( mean difference in change , -0.44 [ CI , -0.71 to -0.16 ] ; P = 0.002 ) , and triglyceride level ( mean difference in change , -0.16 mmol/L [ -14.1 mg/dL ] [ CI , -0.31 to -0.01 mmol/L { -27.4 to -0.8 mg/dL } ] ; P = 0.038 ) and greater increases in HDL cholesterol level ( mean difference in change , 0.18 mmol/L [ 7.0 mg/dL ] [ CI , 0.08 to 0.28 mmol/L { 3.0 to 11.0 mg/dL } ] ; P < 0.001 ) than those on the low-fat diet . LIMITATION Lack of clinical cardiovascular disease end points . CONCLUSION The low-carbohydrate diet was more effective for weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor reduction than the low-fat diet . Restricting carbohydrate may be an option for persons seeking to lose weight and reduce cardiovascular risk factors . PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .