Available studies show convincingly the health benefits of lifestyle changes in CAD patients .
Effect estimates of combined dietary changes look promising .
BACKGROUND Guidelines for lifestyle and dietary modification in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) are mainly supported by evidence from general population studies .
CAD patients , however , differ from the general population in age ( older ) and treatment with preventive drugs .
This review seeks to provide evidence for a prognostic benefit of lifestyle and dietary recommendations from studies in CAD patients .
Is intake of breakfast cereals related to total and cause-specific mortality in men?
BACKGROUND Prospect i ve studies suggested that substituting whole-grain products for refined-grain products lowers the risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in women . Although breakfast cereals are a major source of whole and refined grains , little is known about their direct association with the risk of premature mortality . OBJECTIVE We prospect ively evaluated the association between whole- and refined-grain breakfast cereal intakes and total and CVD-specific mortality in a cohort of US men . DESIGN We examined 86,190 US male physicians aged 40 - 84 y in 1982 who were free of known CVD and cancer at baseline . RESULTS During 5.5 y , we documented 3114 deaths from all causes , including 1381 due to  CVD  ( 488 myocardial infa rct ions and 146 strokes ) . Whole-grain breakfast cereal intake was inversely associated with total and CVD-specific mortality , independent of age ; body mass index ; smoking ; alcohol intake ; physical activity ; history of diabetes , hypertension , or high cholesterol ; and use of multivitamins . Compared with men who rarely or never consumed whole-grain cereal , men in the highest category of whole-grain cereal intake ( > or = 1 serving/d ) had multivariate-estimated relative risks of total and CVD-specific mortality of 0.83 ( 95 % CI : 0.73 , 0.94 ; P for trend < 0.001 ) and 0.80 ( 0.66 , 0.97 ; P for trend < 0.001 ) , respectively . In contrast , total and refined-grain breakfast cereal intakes were not significantly associated with total and CVD-specific mortality . These findings persisted in analyses stratified by history of type 2 diabetes , hypertension , and high cholesterol . CONCLUSIONS Both total mortality and CVD-specific mortality were inversely associated with whole-grain but not refined-grain breakfast cereal intake . These prospect i ve data highlight the importance of distinguishing whole-grain from refined-grain cereals in the prevention of chronic diseases
Available studies show convincingly the health benefits of lifestyle changes in CAD patients .
Effect estimates of combined dietary changes look promising .
BACKGROUND Guidelines for lifestyle and dietary modification in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) are mainly supported by evidence from general population studies .
CAD patients , however , differ from the general population in age ( older ) and treatment with preventive drugs .
This review seeks to provide evidence for a prognostic benefit of lifestyle and dietary recommendations from studies in CAD patients .