AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Surgical-site infection after cardiac surgery: incidence, microbiology, and risk factors.
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with surgical-site infection according to the depth of infection , the cardiac procedure , and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System risk index . DESIGN Prospect i ve survey conducted during a 12-month period . SETTING A 48-bed cardiac surgical department in a teaching hospital . PATIENTS Patients admitted for cardiac surgery between February 2002 and January 2003 . RESULTS Surgical-site infections were diagnosed in 3 % of the patients ( 38 of 1,268 ) . Of the 38 surgical-site infections , 20 were superficial incisional infections and 18 were mediastinitis for incidence rates of 1.6 % and 1.4 % , respectively . Cultures were positive in 28 cases and the most commonly isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus . A National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System risk index score of 2 or greater was associated with a risk of surgical-site infection ( relative risk , 2.4 ; P < .004 ) . Heart transplantation , mechanical circulatory assistance , coronary artery bypass graft with the use of internal mammary artery , and reoperation for cardiac tamponade or pericard effusion were independent risk factors associated with surgical-site infection . CONCLUSIONS Data surveillance using incidence rates stratified by cardiac procedure and type of infection is relevant to improving infection control efforts . Risk factors in patients who developed superficial infection were different from those in patients who developed mediastinitis . Coronary artery bypass graft using internal mammary artery was associated with a high risk of surgical-site infection , and independent factors such as reoperation for cardiac tamponade or pericard effusion increased the risk of infection
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .