Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .
Memory impairment in patients with late-onset major depression: the effect of antidepressant therapy.
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits have been described in patients with major depression ( MD ) , although many aspects remain unsettled . METHOD During an episode of MD and after remission we used tasks exploring attention , implicit , antero grade and retro grade memory to investigate 48 drug-free patients aged over 50 years without dementia , comparing them with 15 normal volunteer controls ( NC ) . We also evaluated the effect of antidepressant therapy ( ADT ) with fluoxetine ( F ) or reboxetine ( R ) at baseline ( T0 ) and six months later ( T6 ) . RESULTS 42 patients completed the study and 6 dropped out ; 33 patients were considered " Remitters " ( RP ) ( 17 F pts and 16 R pts ) . At T0 , the entire group of MD patients ( MDP ) had worse performances than NC in Mini Mental Status Examination ( MMSE ) , Wechsler Memory Scale ( WMS ) total score ( TS ) , in a few subtests of WMS and in autobiographical memory . RP at T0 had the same impaired tasks and at T6 had significantly improved in MMSE , WMS . TS and many memory tests but they still differed from NC in a few complex tasks requiring more cognitive effort . LIMITATIONS The effects and differences between F and R must be viewed with caution considering the relatively small sample ; only attention and memory were investigated . CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a negative effect of depression on memory with a significant but incomplete improvement after remission and without differences between F and R. We speculate that both a " state " and a " trait " depressive component underlie this memory impairment
Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .