Conclusions Large r and omized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with low-fat diets .
Context Carbohydrate-restricted diets may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk .
Objective A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of very low , low , and moderate carbohydrate , higher fat diets versus high-carbohydrate , low-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid markers in overweight/obese adults .
Impact of triglyceride levels beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial.
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of on-treatment triglycerides ( TG ) on  coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk after an acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) . BACKGROUND The PROVE IT-TIMI ( Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infa rct ion ) 22 trial demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) < 70 mg/dl was associated with greater CHD event reduction than LDL-C < 100 mg/dl after ACS . However , the impact of low on-treatment TG on CHD risk beyond LDL-C < 70 mg/dl has not been explored . METHODS The PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial evaluated 4,162 patients hospitalized for ACS and r and omized to atorvastatin 80 mg or pravastatin 40 mg daily . The relationship between on-treatment levels of TG and LDL-C and the composite end point of death , myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) , and recurrent ACS were assessed 30 days after initial presentation . RESULTS Low on-treatment TG ( < 150 mg/dl ) was associated with reduced CHD risk compared with higher TG in univariate analysis ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 0.73 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.62 to 0.87 ; p < 0.001 ) and in adjusted analysis ( HR 0.80 , 95 % CI 0.66 to 0.97 ; p = 0.025 ) . For each 10-mg/dl decrement in on-treatment TG , the incidence of death , MI , and recurrent ACS was lower by 1.6 % or 1.4 % after adjustment for LDL-C or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other covariates ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.01 , respectively ) . Lower CHD risk was also observed with TG < 150 mg/dl and LDL-C < 70 mg/dl ( HR 0.72 , 95 % CI 0.54 to 0.94 ; p = 0.017 ) or low on-treatment TG , LDL-C , and C-reactive protein ( < 2 mg/l ) ( HR 0.59 , 95 % CI 0.41 to 0.83 ; p = 0.002 ) compared with higher levels of each variable in adjusted analysis . CONCLUSIONS On-treatment TG < 150 mg/dl was independently associated with a lower risk of recurrent CHD events , lending support to the concept that achieving low TG may be an additional consideration beyond low LDL-C in patients after ACS
Conclusions Large r and omized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with low-fat diets .
Context Carbohydrate-restricted diets may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk .
Objective A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of very low , low , and moderate carbohydrate , higher fat diets versus high-carbohydrate , low-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid markers in overweight/obese adults .