In this sub-set , it was found that method ological differences contributed to variation in utility values .
Direct methods often yielded higher scores than did indirect methods .
Within direct methods , there were no clear trends in head-to-head studies ( st and ard gamble [ SG ] vs time trade-off ) ; but general population respondents often provided lower scores than did patients with the disease when evaluating the same health states with SG methods .
When comparing indirect methods , the EQ-5D typically yielded higher values than the SF-6D , but also showed more sensitivity to differences in health states .
When selecting CVD utility values for an economic model , consideration of the utility elicitation method is important , as this review demonstrates that methodology of choice impacts utility values in CVD
AIMS Utility values inform estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treatment for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , but values can vary depending on the method used .
The aim of this systematic literature review ( SLR ) was to explore how methods of elicitation impact utility values for CVD .
Do medical house officers value the health of veterans differently from the health of non-veterans?
Background Little information is available regarding medical residents ' perceptions of patients ' health-related quality of life . Patients cared for by residents have been shown to receive differing patterns of care at Veterans Affairs facilities than at community or university setting s. We therefore examined : 1 ) how resident physicians value the health of patients ; 2 ) whether values differ if the patient is described as a veteran ; and 3 ) whether residency-associated variables impact values . Methods All medicine residents in a teaching hospital were asked to watch a digital video of an actor depicting a 72-year-old patient with mild-moderate congestive heart failure . Residents were r and omized to 2 groups : in one group , the patient was described as a veteran of the Korean War , and in the other , he was referred to only as a male . The respondents assessed the patient 's health state using 4 measures : rating scale ( RS ) , time tradeoff ( TTO ) , st and ard gamble ( SG ) , and willingness to pay ( WTP ) . We also ascertained residents ' demographics , risk attitudes , residency program type , post-graduate year level , current rotation , experience in a Veterans Affairs hospital , and how many days it had been since they were last on call . We performed univariate and multivariable analyses using the RS , TTO , SG and WTP as dependent variables . Results Eighty-one residents ( 89.0 % of eligible ) participated , with 36 ( 44.4 % ) viewing the video of the veteran and 45 ( 55.6 % ) viewing the video of the non-veteran . Their mean ( SD ) age was 28.7 ( 3.1 ) years ; 51.3 % were female ; and 67.5 % were white . There were no differences in residents ' characteristics or in RS , TTO , SG and WTP scores between the veteran and non-veteran groups . The mean RS score was 0.60 ( 0.14 ) ; the mean TTO score was 0.80 ( 0.20 ) ; the mean SG score was 0.91 ( 0.10 ) ; and the median ( 25th , 75th percentile ) WTP was $ 10,000 ( $ 7600 , $ 20,000 ) per year . In multivariable analyses , being a resident in the categorical program was associated with assigning higher RS scores , but no residency-associated variables were associated with the TTO , SG or WTP scores . Conclusion Physicians in training appear not to be biased either in favor of or against military veterans when judging the value of a patient 's health
In this sub-set , it was found that method ological differences contributed to variation in utility values .
Direct methods often yielded higher scores than did indirect methods .
Within direct methods , there were no clear trends in head-to-head studies ( st and ard gamble [ SG ] vs time trade-off ) ; but general population respondents often provided lower scores than did patients with the disease when evaluating the same health states with SG methods .
When comparing indirect methods , the EQ-5D typically yielded higher values than the SF-6D , but also showed more sensitivity to differences in health states .
When selecting CVD utility values for an economic model , consideration of the utility elicitation method is important , as this review demonstrates that methodology of choice impacts utility values in CVD
AIMS Utility values inform estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treatment for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , but values can vary depending on the method used .
The aim of this systematic literature review ( SLR ) was to explore how methods of elicitation impact utility values for CVD .