In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Chronic Consumption of Artificial Sweetener in Packets or Tablets and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Evidence from the E3N-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study
Background : The influence of artificial sweeteners on metabolic diseases is controversial . Artificially sweetened beverages have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) but biases and reverse causation have been suspected to have influenced the observed association . In addition , it has been suggested that investigation into the relationship between the frequency and duration of the consumption of packet or tablet artificial sweeteners and T2D risk is necessary . Methods : We used data from 61,440 women in the prospect i ve E3N-European Prospect i ve Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study , conducted between 1993 and 2011 . We estimated hazards ratios ( HRs ) and 95 % CIs of T2D risk associated with both the frequency and the duration of use of artificial sweeteners consumed in packets or tablets . Results : Compared to “ never or rare ” consumers of artificial sweeteners , those using them “ always or almost always ” had an increased risk of T2D ( HR = 1.83 [ 95 % CI 1.66 - 2.02 ] in the multivariate model [ MM ] , HR = 1.33 [ 95 % CI 1.20 - 1.47 ] when further adjusted for body mass index , BMI ) . Women consuming artificial sweeteners in packets or tablets for more than 10 years also had an increased risk of T2D compared to never or rare users ( HR = 2.10 [ 95 % CI 1.83 - 2.40 ] in the MM and HR = 1.15 [ 95 % CI 1.00 - 1.33 ] when adjusted for BMI , respectively ) . Conclusions : Our data suggest that both a higher frequency and a longer consumption of artificial sweeteners in packets or tablets was associated with T2D risk , independently of major T2D risk factors , but partially mediated by adiposity . A pre caution ary principle should be applied to the promotion of these products that are still largely recommended as healthy sugar substitutes
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .