WIDER IMPLICATION S The findings of this review indicate that alcohol consumption , particularly low and moderate alcohol intake , might be associated with later onset of menopause although the magnitude of the association is low .
BACKGROUND Early onset of menopause is associated with long-term health risks , including cardiovascular disease and premature death .
Although alcohol intake has been suggested to affect the age at which natural menopause occurs , results from observational studies are not consistent .
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In the view of the differing risks to the health of early menopause and the increasing trends in alcohol consumption in women , in this systematic review , we aim ed to quantify the association between all levels of alcohol consumption and menopause onset .
Dietary and lifestyle predictors of age at natural menopause and reproductive span in the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Objective : Modifiable factors predicting the onset of menopause , a transition with important implication s for women 's health , have not been fully characterized . We evaluated the impact of dietary , lifestyle and reproductive factors on age at natural menopause and reproductive span in Chinese women . Design : Study participants were Chinese women aged 40 to 70 who experienced natural menopause and participated in a population -based , prospect i ve study , the Shanghai Women 's Health Study ( N = 33,054 ) .  Dietary intake  at the baseline survey was assessed by food-frequency question naire . Regression ( & bgr ; ) coefficients , calculated by multivariable linear regression , were used to estimate the effects of dietary , lifestyle , and reproductive patterns on age at menopause and the number of reproductive years , adjusting for potential confounding factors . Results : Early menarche , younger age at first live birth , older age at last live birth , longer duration of breast-feeding , and higher parity were associated with longer reproductive years ( Ptrend < 0.01 for all ) . Higher body mass index at age 20 , mid-life weight gain , and leisure-time physical activity during adolescence and adulthood predicted later menopause and longer reproductive span ( Ptrend < 0.01 for all ) . Total intake of calories , fruits , and protein  was positively associated with later menopause ( Ptrend < 0.05 for all ) and longer reproductive span ( Ptrend < 0.05 ) , except for carbohydrates ( Ptrend = 0.06 ) , and long-term tea consumption predicted longer reproductive span ( Ptrend = 0.03 ) . Vegetable , fat , soy , and fiber intakes did not significantly affect reproductive span or age at menopause . Smoking was inversely associated with both early age at menopause and shorter reproductive span ( Ptrend < 0.01 ) . Conclusions : In addition to reproductive factors , intake of fruits and protein , smoking , tea consumption , lifetime patterns of physical activity , and weight gain influenced the onset of menopause and /or reproductive span in Chinese women
WIDER IMPLICATION S The findings of this review indicate that alcohol consumption , particularly low and moderate alcohol intake , might be associated with later onset of menopause although the magnitude of the association is low .
BACKGROUND Early onset of menopause is associated with long-term health risks , including cardiovascular disease and premature death .
Although alcohol intake has been suggested to affect the age at which natural menopause occurs , results from observational studies are not consistent .
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In the view of the differing risks to the health of early menopause and the increasing trends in alcohol consumption in women , in this systematic review , we aim ed to quantify the association between all levels of alcohol consumption and menopause onset .