The heterogeneity in reported effects was reduced in higher quality studies , when physical activity was self-directed with some professional guidance and when there was on-going professional support .
Our review suggests that physical activity interventions have a moderate effect on self reported physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness , but not on achieving a predetermined level of physical activity .
Due to the clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the studies , only limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of individual components of the interventions .
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies to enable people to achieve an increase in their physical activity .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions for promoting physical activity in adults aged 16 years and older , not living in an institution .
Combining motivational and volitional interventions to promote exercise participation: protection motivation theory and implementation intentions.
OBJECTIVE This study compared a motivational intervention based on protection motivation theory ( PMT , Rogers , 1975 , 1983 ) with the same motivational intervention augmented by a volitional intervention based on implementation intentions ( Gollwitzer , 1993 ) . DESIGN The study had a longitudinal design , involving three waves of data collection over a 2-week period , incorporating an experimental manipulation of PMT variables at Time 1 and a volitional , implementation intention intervention at Time 2 . METHOD Participants ( N=248 ) were r and omly allocated to a control group or one of two intervention groups .  Cognitions and exercise behaviour were measured at three time-points over a 2-week period . RESULTS The motivational intervention significantly increased threat and coping appraisal and intentions to engage in exercise but did not bring about a significant increase in subsequent exercise behaviour . In contrast , the combined protection motivation theory/implementation intention intervention had a dramatic effect on subsequent exercise behaviour . This volitional intervention did not influence behavioural intention or any other motivational variables . CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that supplementing PMT with implementation intentions strengthens the ability of the model to explain behaviour . This has implication s for health education programmes , which should aim to increase both participants ' motivation and their volition
The heterogeneity in reported effects was reduced in higher quality studies , when physical activity was self-directed with some professional guidance and when there was on-going professional support .
Our review suggests that physical activity interventions have a moderate effect on self reported physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness , but not on achieving a predetermined level of physical activity .
Due to the clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the studies , only limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of individual components of the interventions .
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies to enable people to achieve an increase in their physical activity .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions for promoting physical activity in adults aged 16 years and older , not living in an institution .