Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .
Effects of a DVD-based seated dual-task stepping exercise on the fall risk factors among community-dwelling elderly adults.
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this r and omized control trial study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital video disc (DVD)-based seated dual-task ( DT ) stepping exercise to improve the DT walking capability  in elderly people . In the DT exercise , participants were asked to perform a verbal fluency task while stepping as quickly as possible . METHODS Eight clusters ( n=93 ) r and omized into a DVD group ( 4 clusters , n=48 ) and a nonexercise control group ( 4 clusters , n=45 ) participated in this trial . In the DVD group , participants received 20 min of group training twice a week for 24 weeks . The exercise class used an exercise DVD that included a 15-min basic exercise and a 5-min DT exercise . No exercise program was prescribed for the control group . The measurements were based on the difference in physical function , including DT walking , between the DVD and control groups . In the DT walking test , participants walked individually at a comfortable speed while carrying a ball on a tray . The relative DT lag was calculated by using simple walking as the comparison condition . The Timed Up and Go test and the 5-chair st and test were also performed . RESULTS The median relative adherence to the study was 87.5 % ( 25th-75th percentile , 83.3%-95.8 % ) in the DVD group . The outcome measurements , including the DT walking time and DT time lag ( p<0.05 ) , among participants in the DVD group were significantly improved . However , other outcome measurements were not significantly different between the two groups ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The current study reports the effectiveness of a DVD-based exercise for the improvement of the DT walking capability . A larger study is needed to confirm the present results . Study of a Web-based exercise regime would be valuable to identify the most effective exercise for prevention of falls and fall-related fractures
Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .