This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
The Effects of Small-Dose Ketamine on Morphine Consumption in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients After Major Abdominal Surgery
In a r and omized , double-blinded study , we evaluated the analgesic effect of ketamine in the management of pain in a surgical intensive care unit after major abdominal surgery . Patients received morphine patient-controlled analgesia with either placebo ( Group M ) or ketamine ( Group K ) . Morphine was administered with initial loading doses of 2 mg until the visual analog scale ( VAS ) score was < 30 and thereafter with bolus doses of 1 mg and a lockout time of 7 min . Ketamine was administered with an initial bolus of 0.5 mg/kg followed by a perfusion of 2 & mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 during the first 24 h and 1 & mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 during the following 24 h. The 4-h cumulative morphine doses were measured over 48 h. The VAS scores at rest and at mobilization were measured every 4 h during 48 h. A total of 101 patients were enrolled , and 93 were analyzed ( 41 in Group K and 52 in Group M ) . VAS scores at rest and at mobilization were similar . The cumulative consumption of morphine was significantly smaller in Group K ( P < 0.05 ) . We concluded that small doses of ketamine were a valuable adjunct to opioids in surgical intensive care unit patients after major abdominal surgery
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .