Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Large scale food retailing as an intervention for diet and health: quasi-experimental evaluation of a natural experiment
Objectives : To assess the effect on fruit and vegetable consumption , self reported , and psychological health of a “ natural experiment”—the introduction of large scale food retailing in a deprived Scottish community . Design : Prospect i ve quasi-experimental design comparing baseline and follow up data in an “ intervention ” community with a matched “ comparison ” community in Glasgow , UK . Participants : 412 men and women aged 16 or over for whom follow up data on fruit and vegetable consumption and GHQ-12 were available . Main outcome measures : Fruit and vegetable consumption in portions per day , poor self reported health , and poor psychological health ( GHQ-12 ) . Main results : Adjusting for age , sex , educational attainment , and employment status there was no population impact on daily fruit and vegetable consumption , self reported , and psychological health . There was some evidence for a net reduction in the prevalence of poor psychological health for residents who directly engaged with the intervention . Conclusions : Government policy has advocated using large scale food retailing as a social intervention to improve diet and health in poor communities . In contrast with a previous uncontrolled study this study did not find evidence for a net intervention effect on fruit and vegetable consumption , although there was evidence for an improvement in psychological health for those who directly engaged with the intervention . Although definitive conclusions about the effect of large scale retailing on diet and health in deprived communities can not be drawn from non-r and omised controlled study design s , evaluations of the impacts of natural experiments may offer the best opportunity to generate evidence about the health impacts of retail interventions in poor communities
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .