Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased .
Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive .
Conclusions : Despite known effects of maturation on hormones , studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage .
BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship , but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive
Problem : To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity , one must underst and the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation .
The peptide hormones leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin are involved in both , but their functions are dysregulated in obesity .
The purpose of this systematic review is ( 1 ) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes , ( 2 ) to assess risk of bias in the studies , and ( 3 ) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index ( BMI ) .
School-based intervention acutely improves insulin sensitivity and decreases inflammatory markers and body fatness in junior high school students.
CONTEXT Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) include obesity , family history , dyslipidemia , a proinflammatory state , impaired insulin secretory capacity , and insulin resistance . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 3- to 4-month school-based intervention consisting of health , nutrition , and exercise classes plus an aerobic exercise program on diabetes risk . DESIGN This study was a r and omized before/after controlled trial . METHODS Seventy-three eighth- grade students in a predominantly Hispanic New York City public school were divided into a control group ( studied twice without receiving the intervention ) and an experimental group ( studied before and after the intervention ) . OUTCOME MEASURES We measured body fatness ( bioelectrical impedance ) , insulin sensitivity , beta-cell function ( insulin release in response to an iv glucose load corrected for insulin sensitivity ) , lipid profiles , and circulating concentrations of IL-6 , C-reactive protein , adiponectin , and TNF-alpha . RESULTS Participation in the intervention was associated with significant reductions in body fatness , insulin resistance , and circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 , irrespective of somatotype on enrollment . CONCLUSION Short-term school-based health , nutrition , and exercise intervention is beneficial to all students and affects multiple diabetes risk factors
Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased .
Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive .
Conclusions : Despite known effects of maturation on hormones , studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage .
BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship , but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive
Problem : To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity , one must underst and the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation .
The peptide hormones leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin are involved in both , but their functions are dysregulated in obesity .
The purpose of this systematic review is ( 1 ) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes , ( 2 ) to assess risk of bias in the studies , and ( 3 ) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index ( BMI ) .