Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Impact of intensive lifestyle and metformin therapy on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the diabetes prevention program.
OBJECTIVE The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated the ability to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in participants with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) . Participants with IGT are at high risk for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , with a marked increase in the number and severity of CVD risk factors . We prospect ively assessed the impact of our interventions on hypertension , dyslipidemia , and CVD events . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study group consisted of 3,234 individuals with IGT r and omly assigned to receive intensive lifestyle intervention , metformin , or placebo . Annual assessment of blood pressure , lipids , electrocardiogram , and CVD events was undertaken . RESULTS Hypertension was present in 30 % of participants at study entry and then increased in the placebo and metformin groups , although it significantly decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention . Triglyceride levels fell in all treatment groups , but fell significantly more with intensive lifestyle intervention . Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were similar among treatment groups . Intensive lifestyle intervention significantly increased the HDL cholesterol level and reduced the cumulative incidence of the proatherogenic LDL phenotype B. At 3 years of follow-up , the use for pharmacologic therapy to achieve established goals in the intensive lifestyle group was 27 - 28 % less for hypertension and 25 % less for hyperlipidemia compared with placebo and metformin groups . Over an average of 3 years , 89 CVD events from 64 participants were positively adjudicated study wide , with no differences among treatment groups . CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle intervention improves CVD risk factor status compared with placebo and metformin therapy . Although no differences in CVD events were noted after 3 years , achieved risk factor modifications suggest that longer intervention may reduce CVD event rates
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .