Conclusion Overall , our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury , and strongly suggest that strength , on average , recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury
Background An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury .
Objective The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event .
The magnitude of muscle damage induced by downhill backward walking.
While various models for exercise-induced muscle damage ( EIMD ) have been introduced , many of them use maximal voluntary contractions of the elbow flexors and knee extensors performed on isokinetic dynamometers . Few studies have used exercise protocol s that attempt to replicate submaximal eccentric muscle actions that commonly occur during daily activities . Downhill backwards walking has been used previously as an EIMD model . However , the common markers of muscle damage have not been systematic ally examined for this model . The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of muscle damage induced by downhill backward walking with regard to changes in commonly-used indirect markers of EIMD . Twenty subjects aged between 19 y and 42 y completed a bout of 60 min of downhill ( -15 % ) backward walking in which a single limb performed submaximal eccentric actions at a stepping rate of 30 - 35 strides per min . A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant ( p < 0.05 ) increases from baseline for soreness ( 24 hr- 96 hr ) , tenderness ( 24 hr - 96 hr ) , and plasma creatine kinase activity ( 0.5 hr - 96 hr ) , and significant decreases ( p < 0.05 ) in maximal voluntary isometric ( approximately 25 % ) and isokinetic ( -15 % ) strength ( 0.5 hr - 96 hr ) post-walk for the exercised limb . The time course of observed changes in these markers was similar to that reported for EIMD models of the elbow flexors and knee extensors . However , the magnitude of muscle damage appeared more consistent with that demonstrated following submaximal eccentric exercise
Conclusion Overall , our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury , and strongly suggest that strength , on average , recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury
Background An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury .
Objective The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event .