RESULTS Meta- analysis suggested that statin therapy is associated with a significant elevation of PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities , but not PON1 protein concentration .
The PON1-enhancing effects of statins were robust in the sensitivity analyses and were independent of statin dose , treatment duration and changes in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration .
CONCLUSION The increase of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with statins is a pleiotropic lipid-independent clinical benefit that may partly explain the putative effects of statins in preventing cardiovascular outcomes
BACKGROUND Decreased activity of the enzyme paraoxonase-1 ( PON1 ) has been demonstrated in cardiovascular diseases .
Statins , the forefront of pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia , have been shown to enhance PON1 activity but clinical findings have not been conclusive .
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the clinical findings on the impact of statin therapy on PON1 status ( protein concentrations and activities of paraoxonase and arylesterase ) and calculate an effect size for the mentioned effects through meta- analysis of available data .
Anthocyanin supplementation improves HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 activity and enhances cholesterol efflux capacity in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1 ) , an enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-PON1 ) , is reported to have antioxidant and cardioprotective properties . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanins on the HDL-PON1 activity and cholesterol efflux capacity in hypercholesterolemic subjects . DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 122 hypercholesterolemic subjects were given 160 mg of anthocyanins twice daily or placebo ( n = 61 of each group ) for 24 weeks in a double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial . Participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation . RESULTS Anthocyanin consumption significantly increased HDL cholesterol and decreased low -density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations compared with placebo ( P < .018 and P < .001 , respectively ) . Anthocyanin supplementation also increased the activity of HDL-PON1 compared with placebo ( P < .001 ) . Furthermore , cholesterol efflux capacity was increased more in the anthocyanin group ( 20.0 % increase ) than in the placebo group ( 0.2 % increase ) ( P < .001 ) . The negative correlations established between HDL-PON1 activity and the levels of lipid hydroperoxides associated with HDL confirm the relationship between PON1 activity and lipid peroxidation of lipoproteins . Furthermore , a strong positive correlation was noted between increased HDL-PON1 activity and improved cholesterol efflux capacity both before and after adjustment for HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI in anthocyanin-treated subjects ( both P < .001 ) . Inhibition of HDL-PON1 activity strongly prevented the antioxidant ability of HDL and attenuated the cholesterol efflux capacity of subjects from anthocyanin group . CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that the alterations of PON1 activity by anthocyanin observed in hypercholesterolemic HDL reflect a shift to an improvement of cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and may provide a link between anthocyanin and cardioprotective effects
RESULTS Meta- analysis suggested that statin therapy is associated with a significant elevation of PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities , but not PON1 protein concentration .
The PON1-enhancing effects of statins were robust in the sensitivity analyses and were independent of statin dose , treatment duration and changes in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration .
CONCLUSION The increase of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with statins is a pleiotropic lipid-independent clinical benefit that may partly explain the putative effects of statins in preventing cardiovascular outcomes
BACKGROUND Decreased activity of the enzyme paraoxonase-1 ( PON1 ) has been demonstrated in cardiovascular diseases .
Statins , the forefront of pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia , have been shown to enhance PON1 activity but clinical findings have not been conclusive .
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the clinical findings on the impact of statin therapy on PON1 status ( protein concentrations and activities of paraoxonase and arylesterase ) and calculate an effect size for the mentioned effects through meta- analysis of available data .