This systematic review highlights the effects of dairy products on muscle mass , muscle strength and body performance in the elderly population in the perspective of Ca , P , vitamin D and protein
The risk of sarcopenia increases with aging .
Malnutrition in the elderly population is an important risk factor for sarcopenia .
Calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , vitamin D and protein are key nutrients for the human body and affect muscle mass and quality .
Dairy products are rich in these nutrients , which implicates that dairy products might be ideal for elderly population .
Two-Year Whey Protein Supplementation Did Not Enhance Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Well-Nourished Healthy Older Postmenopausal Women.
BACKGROUND Protein may play a role in preventing muscle loss with aging . To our knowledge , there have been no long-term r and omized controlled trials to examine the effects of increased dietary protein intake on muscle health in community-dwelling older women . OBJECTIVE In this study , we evaluated the effects of whey protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical function in community-dwelling older Australian women . METHODS In this 2 y r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , women aged 70 - 80 y ( mean 74.3 ± 2.7 y ) were r and omly assigned to either a high protein drink containing 30 g of whey protein ( n = 109 ) or a placebo drink containing 2.1 g protein ( n = 110 ) daily . Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry appendicular skeletal muscle mass , upper arm and calf ( 38 % tibia ) muscle cross-sectional area , physical function including h and grip strength , lower limb muscle strength and Timed Up and Go test , and 24 h urinary nitrogen were measured at baseline , 1 y , and 2 y. RESULTS A total of 196 women with at least one follow-up measurement were included in this analysis . Baseline mean BMI was 26.7 ± 3.9 kg/m(2 ) and protein intake was 76 ± 17 g/d ( 1.1 ± 0.3 g · kg body weight(-1 ) · d(-1 ) ) . A mean increase in protein intake of ∼ 20 g/d in the protein group was confirmed by the estimates from 24 h urinary nitrogen . Over the 2 y in both groups there was a significant decrease in the upper arm ( mean ± SE : -5.59 ± 0.75 cm(2 ) ) and calf ( -0.77 ± 0.11 cm(2 ) ) muscle area , as well as h and grip strength ( -1.30 ± 0.3 kg ) ( all P < 0.05 ) , but appendicular skeletal muscle mass did not change significantly . There were no significant effects of the protein intervention on any of the muscle mass or physical function measures ( all P > 0.05 ) at 1 and 2 y. CONCLUSION This study showed that in protein-replete , healthy , ambulant , postmenopausal older women , 30 g/d of extra protein did not improve the maintenance of muscle mass or physical function despite evidence of deterioration in muscle measurements in the upper limb . This trial was registered at the Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN012607000163404
This systematic review highlights the effects of dairy products on muscle mass , muscle strength and body performance in the elderly population in the perspective of Ca , P , vitamin D and protein
The risk of sarcopenia increases with aging .
Malnutrition in the elderly population is an important risk factor for sarcopenia .
Calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , vitamin D and protein are key nutrients for the human body and affect muscle mass and quality .
Dairy products are rich in these nutrients , which implicates that dairy products might be ideal for elderly population .