Inflammation appeared to be associated with greater loss of muscle strength .
There was inconclusive evidence that the level of physical activity affects change in skeletal muscle .
In regard to the effect of interventions , only exercise interventions were consistently associated with improved skeletal muscle outcomes .
CONCLUSIONS Adult patients who undergo an unplanned hospital admission may experience a small reduction in knee extension strength and mid-arm muscle mass .
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the review was to describe change that occurs in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation in adult patients .
The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between both physical activity and inflammation with the change in skeletal muscle .
A further objective was to investigate the effect of interventions on change in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation .
Impact of nutritional support on functional status during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The impact of oral nutritional supplementation during an acute exacerbation of COPD on functional status was assessed through measuring change in lung function , strength testing , and general well-being .  Subjects hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of COPD ( n = 33 ) were r and omized to extra nutritional support or the regular hospital care . They consumed an additional 10 kcal/kg/d . Outcome measures were measured at 2 wk as change scores . Forced vital capacity ( % predicted ) improved in the treatment group as compared with the control group ( + 8.7 % versus -3.5 % , p = 0.015 ) , and change in FEV1 was in the same direction but not significantly different ( p = 0.099 ) . There were no changes in h and grip strength or respiratory muscle strength , but there was a trend towards more improvement in the general well-being score ( + 11.96 versus -10.25 , p = 0.066 ) . Almost all subjects were in negative nitrogen balance , indicating muscle wasting . The degree of muscle wasting was strongly correlated with the dose of corticosteroids ( r = 0.73 , p < 0.005 ) . In conclusion , it is difficult to prevent important muscle wasting in patients with COPD treated with corticosteroids , but some small gains were observed with increased dietary intake
Inflammation appeared to be associated with greater loss of muscle strength .
There was inconclusive evidence that the level of physical activity affects change in skeletal muscle .
In regard to the effect of interventions , only exercise interventions were consistently associated with improved skeletal muscle outcomes .
CONCLUSIONS Adult patients who undergo an unplanned hospital admission may experience a small reduction in knee extension strength and mid-arm muscle mass .
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the review was to describe change that occurs in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation in adult patients .
The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between both physical activity and inflammation with the change in skeletal muscle .
A further objective was to investigate the effect of interventions on change in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation .