Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose , sex , fracture history , dietary calcium intake , and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration .
Conclusions and Relevance In this meta- analysis of r and omized clinical trials , the use of supplements that included calcium , vitamin D , or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures  among community-dwelling older adults .
Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal .
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults .
Objective To investigate whether calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults .
Treatment of Osteoporosis in Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities: Update on Consensus Recommendations for Fracture Prevention.
BACKGROUND Older people living in residential aged care facilities ( RACFs ) are at a higher risk of suffering fractures than the community-dwelling older population . The first Consensus Conference on Treatment of Osteoporosis in RACFs in Australia , held in Sydney in July 2009 , aim ed to address some of the issues relating to the treatment of older residents with osteoporosis in RACFs . Considering that the field of osteoporosis diagnosis and management has significantly advanced in the last 5 years and that new evidence has been generated from studies performed within RACFs , a Second Consensus Conference was held in Sydney in November 2014 . METHODS An expert panel met in November 2014 in Penrith , NSW , Australia in an attempt to reach a consensus on diverse issues related to the treatment of osteoporosis at RACFs . Participants were selected by the scientific committee on the basis of their practice in an RACF and /or major published articles . The co-chairs distributed topics r and omly to all participants , who then had to propose a statement on each topic for approval by the conference after a short , evidence -based presentation , when possible . RESULTS This article provides an up date on the most relevant evidence on osteoporosis  in older people living in RACFs grade d according to its level , quality , and relevance . CONCLUSION As with the first consensus , it is hoped that this statement will constitute an important guide to aid physicians in their decision making while practicing at RACFs
Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose , sex , fracture history , dietary calcium intake , and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration .
Conclusions and Relevance In this meta- analysis of r and omized clinical trials , the use of supplements that included calcium , vitamin D , or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures  among community-dwelling older adults .
Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal .
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults .
Objective To investigate whether calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults .