This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Lack of pre‐emptive analgesic effect of (R)‐ketamine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Aim : This study evaluated the pre‐emptive analgesic effect of intravenous  ( i.v . ) (R)‐ketamine  in laparoscopic cholecystectomy .  (R)‐ketamine was used due to the lower incidence of side‐effects
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .