All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
A study of the effectiveness of a pain management education booklet for parents of children having cardiac surgery.
Parents need education about pain so they can support their hospitalized child and manage their child 's pain at home . The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a pain booklet on parental pain support to children experiencing postoperative pain . A r and omized , repeated measures , experimental design using a pain education booklet and a st and ard care comparison group was used to study parents of 51 children ( 3 to 16 years of age ) having cardiac surgery . Measurement techniques used to assess differences in parental pain management included : attitudes about pain medication , child and parent pain ratings ( Oucher ) , opioids used , recovery , satisfaction , and comfort in communication . Results indicate that children do report moderate levels of pain postoperatively . Parents who were exposed to the pain assessment and management for parents education booklet preoperatively significantly increased their knowledge and attitudes toward pain medication scores from pre- to post-test , whereas those in the control group remained stable . Post-test scores were not significantly different between groups . Child and parent pain ratings were significantly and positively correlated . Practice implication s include the use of an educational booklet about pain with parents before surgery to increase their knowledge about and attitudes toward pain management . Additionally , a parent may provide an alternative pain report when a child is unable to or unwilling to self-report their pain
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .