There was not convincing evidence that effects were different between different groups of behaviours .
Meta-regression found some , limited , evidence that effect sizes decreased as post-intervention follow-up period and incentive value increased .
However , the latter effect may be confounded by the former .
The available evidence suggests that financial incentive interventions are more effective than usual care or no intervention for encouraging healthy behaviour change .
BACKGROUND Financial incentive interventions have been suggested as one method of promoting healthy behaviour change .
OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of financial incentive interventions for encouraging healthy behaviour change ; to explore whether effects vary according to the type of behaviour incentivised , post-intervention follow-up time , or incentive value .
Monetary versus nonmonetary incentives for TB skin test reading among drug users.
BACKGROUND In a prior study , we reported that monetary incentives were effective in increasing return for tuberculosis ( TB ) skin test reading . The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of monetary versus nonmonetary incentives and a theory-based educational intervention on return for TB skin test reading in a sample of newly recruited active injection and crack cocaine users , and to determine the prevalence of TB infection in this sample . METHODS Active injection drug and /or crack cocaine users ( n = 1,078 ) , recruited using street outreach techniques , were skin tested for TB . They were r and omly assigned to 1 of 5 experimental treatment conditions : $ 10 cash , grocery store coupons , bus tokens/fast-food coupons , motivational education , or usual encouragement to return . Nonmonetary incentives had a $ 10 value , and all incentives were provided at return for skin test reading . RESULTS Ninety-five percent of those who received $ 10 returned for skin test reading compared to 86 % of those who received grocery store coupons and 83 % of those who received either bus tokens or fast-food coupons . In contrast , only 47 % of those who received the educational session and only 49 % of those who received usual encouragement returned for skin test reading . The prevalence of a positive tuberculin test was 21 % , and was similar for crack cocaine and injection drug users . CONCLUSIONS Nonmonetary and monetary incentives dramatically increased the return rate for TB skin test reading among drug users who are at high risk of TB infection . Nonmonetary incentives were somewhat less effective than monetary incentives
There was not convincing evidence that effects were different between different groups of behaviours .
Meta-regression found some , limited , evidence that effect sizes decreased as post-intervention follow-up period and incentive value increased .
However , the latter effect may be confounded by the former .
The available evidence suggests that financial incentive interventions are more effective than usual care or no intervention for encouraging healthy behaviour change .
BACKGROUND Financial incentive interventions have been suggested as one method of promoting healthy behaviour change .
OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of financial incentive interventions for encouraging healthy behaviour change ; to explore whether effects vary according to the type of behaviour incentivised , post-intervention follow-up time , or incentive value .