There was no effect of calcium supplementation  on femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD .
There was no evidence of effect modification by baseline calcium intake , sex , ethnicity , physical activity or pubertal stage .
While there is a small effect of calcium supplementation in the upper limb , the increase in BMD which results is unlikely to result in a clinical ly significant decrease in fracture risk .
The results do not support the use of calcium supplementation  in healthy children as a public health intervention .
These results can not be extrapolated to children with medical conditions affecting bone metabolism
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have shown that  calcium supplementation in children can increase  bone mineral density ( BMD ) although this effect may not be maintained .
There has been no quantitative systematic review of this intervention .
To determine the effectiveness of calcium supplementation for improving BMD  in children .
.
To determine if any effect varies by sex , pubertal stage , ethnicity or level of physical activity , and if any effect persists after supplementation is ceased .
Increasing fluid milk favorably affects bone mineral density responses to resistance training in adolescent boys.
This study examined the effects of increasing milk on bone and body composition responses to resistance training in adolescents . Twenty-eight boys ( 13 to 17 years of age ) were r and omly assigned to consume , in addition to their habitual diet , 3 servings/day of 1 % fluid milk ( n=14 ) or juice not fortified with calcium ( n=14 ) while engaged in a 12-week resistance-training program . For all subjects combined , there were significant ( P < or=.05 ) changes in height ( + 0.5 % ) , sigmaseven skin folds ( -7.7 % ) , body mass ( + 2.6 % ) , lean body mass ( + 5.1 % ) , fat mass ( -9.3 % ) , whole-body bone mineral content ( + 3.6 % ) , bone mineral density ( + 1.8 % ) , and maximal strength in the squat ( + 43 % ) and bench press ( + 23 % ) . Compared with juice , the milk group had a significantly greater increase in bone mineral density ( 0.014 vs 0.028 g/cm(2 ) ) . Increasing intake of milk in physically active adolescent boys may enhance bone health
There was no effect of calcium supplementation  on femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD .
There was no evidence of effect modification by baseline calcium intake , sex , ethnicity , physical activity or pubertal stage .
While there is a small effect of calcium supplementation in the upper limb , the increase in BMD which results is unlikely to result in a clinical ly significant decrease in fracture risk .
The results do not support the use of calcium supplementation  in healthy children as a public health intervention .
These results can not be extrapolated to children with medical conditions affecting bone metabolism
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have shown that  calcium supplementation in children can increase  bone mineral density ( BMD ) although this effect may not be maintained .
There has been no quantitative systematic review of this intervention .
To determine the effectiveness of calcium supplementation for improving BMD  in children .
.
To determine if any effect varies by sex , pubertal stage , ethnicity or level of physical activity , and if any effect persists after supplementation is ceased .