The most common concordant comorbidity was hypertension while depression was the most common discordant condition .
Adherence to medications was the most frequent diabetes self-care behavior reported and tended to be higher among concordant comorbidities .
The findings showed mixed results concerning the effect of some concordant comorbidities such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , retinopathy , and heart failure on diabetes self-care behaviors .
But , there is agreement across studies that diabetes-discordant comorbidities have a more detrimental effect on self-care behaviors .
Conclusions : Concordant comorbidities may improve diabetes self-care , but the evidence is inconclusive .
Background : Most patients with Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) have high number of comorbid chronic conditions that can affect their self-care abilities .
Guidelines for diabetes self-care behaviors are disease specific with little attention given to managing T2D with other comorbidities .
Identifying comorbidities that either improve or potentially diminish the individual 's capacity to perform effective self-care behaviors is essential to enhance clinical outcomes .
One such framework conceptualizes comorbidities as concordant or discordant with diabetes pathophysiological pathways and care goals .
Objective : The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the role of diabetes-concordant and discordant chronic conditions on the performance of self-care behaviors in adults with T2D .
Diabetic Foot Disease, Self-Care and Clinical Monitoring in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Alberta's Caring for Diabetes (ABCD) Cohort Study.
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and predictors of foot disease , self-care and clinical monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes in Alberta , Canada . METHOD Baseline data from a prospect i ve cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes were used . Assessment of foot disease included self-reported peripheral neuropathy , peripheral vasculopathy , foot or leg ulcer/infection or gangrene/amputation . Foot self-care  was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities , and clinical monitoring using patients ' reports of having feet checked for lesions or sensory loss . RESULTS The mean age of respondents ( N=2040 ) was 64 ( SD 10.7 ) years ; 45 % were female , and 91 % were Caucasian . Peripheral neuropathy was reported by 18 % of the respondents , peripheral vasculopathy by 28 % , ulcer/infection by 6 % and gangrene/amputation by 1.4 % . Only 14 % of respondents performed foot self-care  behaviours ≥6 days per week , and only 41 % and 34 % had their feet clinical ly checked for lesions or sensory loss , respectively . Predictors of foot disease included longer duration of diabetes , smoking , depressive symptoms , low self-efficacy and a history of cardiovascular diseases . Predictors of good self-care included older age , female sex , longer duration of diabetes and no report of hyperlipidemia . Predictors of clinical monitoring included female sex , current smoking , residing in urban areas , longer duration of diabetes , and histories of heart disease or hyperlipidemia . CONCLUSIONS Peripheral neuropathy and vasculopathy were the most common reported foot problems in this population . Foot self-care is generally infrequent , and clinical monitoring is performed for less than half of these patients , with significant variations by patient demographics and clinical presentation
The most common concordant comorbidity was hypertension while depression was the most common discordant condition .
Adherence to medications was the most frequent diabetes self-care behavior reported and tended to be higher among concordant comorbidities .
The findings showed mixed results concerning the effect of some concordant comorbidities such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , retinopathy , and heart failure on diabetes self-care behaviors .
But , there is agreement across studies that diabetes-discordant comorbidities have a more detrimental effect on self-care behaviors .
Conclusions : Concordant comorbidities may improve diabetes self-care , but the evidence is inconclusive .
Background : Most patients with Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) have high number of comorbid chronic conditions that can affect their self-care abilities .
Guidelines for diabetes self-care behaviors are disease specific with little attention given to managing T2D with other comorbidities .
Identifying comorbidities that either improve or potentially diminish the individual 's capacity to perform effective self-care behaviors is essential to enhance clinical outcomes .
One such framework conceptualizes comorbidities as concordant or discordant with diabetes pathophysiological pathways and care goals .
Objective : The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the role of diabetes-concordant and discordant chronic conditions on the performance of self-care behaviors in adults with T2D .