An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
Pilot evaluation of resin composite cement adhesion to zirconia using a novel silane system
Objective . In this study , we evaluated the effect of two silane coupling agents and their blends with a cross-linker silane on the bond strength of a dimethacrylate-based resin composite cement to surface-conditioned zirconia . Material and Methods . A total of 40 planar zirconia specimens were used for 8 test groups . After alumina particle abrasion , followed by tribochemical silica-coating , the specimens were r and omly assigned to four silanizations : with 1.0 vol% 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 1.0 vol% 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or their blends with 1.0 vol% 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane ( all in ethanol/water ) . The resin composite ( RelyX ™ ARC , 3 M ESPE ) stubs ( n=10/group ) were light-polymerized onto zirconia specimens . Four test groups were tested without water storage and 4 thermo-cycled at 6000 cycles ( 5±1 ° C to 55±1 ° C ) , with a dwelling time of 30 s. The shear bond strength of the cement stubs to zirconia was measured using a universal testing machine at a constant cross-head speed of 1 mm/min . Scanning electron microscopy was employed for imaging the zirconia surface after conditioning and testing . Failure mode was evaluated visually . A surface chemical analysis was carried out with the EDXA system . Results . The highest shear bond strength was 21.9±8.7 MPa , obtained with a blend of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane ( dry storage ) , and 16.0±1.5 MPa , with 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane ( thermo-cycled ) . Thermo-cycling decreased the bond strengths significantly ( ANOVA , p<0.01 ) , and the silanes differed significantly ( p<0.005 ) . Some specimens suffered from spontaneous debonding during thermo-cycling . Conclusions . The luting cement adhesion might be promoted to silica-coated zirconia with 1.0 vol% 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and with a blend of 1.0 vol% 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 1.0 vol% 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .