Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .
Does Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Testing and Counseling Reduce Modifiable Risk Factors? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Veterans
Objective We examined the clinical utility of supplementing  type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM )  risk counseling with DM genetic test results and counseling . Research Design and Methods In this r and omized controlled trial , non-diabetic overweight/obese veteran out patients aged 21 to 65 years received DM risk estimates for lifetime risk , family history , and fasting plasma glucose , followed by either genetic test results ( CR+G ; N = 303 ) or control eye disease counseling ( CR+EYE ; N = 298 ) . All participants received brief lifestyle counseling encouraging weight loss to reduce the risk of DM . Results The mean age was 54 years , 53 % of participants were black , and 80 % were men . There was no difference between arms in weight ( estimated mean difference between CR+G vs. CR+EYE at 3 months = 0.2 kg , 95 % CI : −0.3 to 0.7 ; at 6 months = 0.4 kg , 95 % CI : −0.3 to 1.1 ) , insulin resistance , perceived risk , or physical activity at 3 or 6 months . Calorie and fat intake were lower in the CR+G arm at 3 months ( p ’s ≤ 0.05 ) but not at 6 months ( p ’s > 0.20 ) . Conclusions Providing patients with genetic test results was not more effective in changing patient behavior to reduce the risk of DM compared to conventional risk counseling . Trial registration : Clinical Trials.gov NCT01060540 http:// clinical
Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .