Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention
Epidemiological and prospect i ve studies indicate that comprehensive lifestyle changes may modify the progression of prostate cancer . However , the molecular mechanisms by which improvements in diet and lifestyle might affect the prostate microenvironment are poorly understood . We conducted a pilot study to examine changes in prostate gene expression in a unique population of men with low-risk prostate cancer who declined immediate surgery , hormonal therapy , or radiation  and participated in an  intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention  while undergoing careful surveillance for tumor progression . Consistent with previous studies , significant improvements in weight , abdominal obesity , blood pressure , and lipid profile were observed ( all P < 0.05 ) , and surveillance of low-risk patients was safe . Gene expression profiles were obtained from 30 participants , pairing RNA sample s from control prostate needle biopsy taken before intervention to RNA from the same patient 's 3-month postintervention biopsy . Quantitative real-time PCR was used to vali date array observations for selected transcripts . Two-class paired analysis of global gene expression using significance analysis of microarrays detected 48 up-regulated and 453 down-regulated transcripts after the intervention . Pathway analysis identified significant modulation of biological processes that have critical roles in tumorigenesis , including protein metabolism and modification , intracellular protein traffic , and protein phosphorylation ( all P < 0.05 ) . Intensive nutrition and lifestyle changes may modulate gene expression in the prostate . Underst and ing the prostate molecular response to comprehensive lifestyle changes may strengthen efforts to develop effective prevention and treatment . Larger clinical trials are warranted to confirm the results of this pilot study
Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?