A Medline search of research on pharmacotherapy was undertaken , and a previous systematic review on the evidence -based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder was up date d. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors remain a first-line pharmacotherapy of panic disorder , with the serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine also an acceptable early option .
Temporary co-administration of benzodiazepines can be considered .
For patients not responding to first-line agents several pharmacotherapy options are available , but there is a notable paucity of data on the optimal choice
The evidence -based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder continues to evolve .
This paper review s data on first-line pharmacotherapy , evidence for maintenance treatment , and management options for treatment-refractory patients .
Mortality of anxiety syndromes in a normal population. The Lundby Study.
The mortality of anxiety syndromes  between 1972 and 1992 was investigated in a prospect i ve study of a normal population , the 1947 Lundby cohort . 121 persons with anxiety according to the Lundby definition ( Anx ) , and 74 persons with panic disorder with/without agoraphobia ( PD-Ag ) according to the DSM-III-R , all of them developing their first episode between 1947 and 1972 , were analyzed with regard to general mortality and special cause of death . Sex- and age-specific mortality rates for these groups were calculated and compared with the corresponding rates of the cohort 's 1,877 remaining subjects without first episodes of Anx/PD-Ag . In contrast to the females , the annual rates of general mortality in males with Anx/PD-Ag were 1.9/2.2 times higher in the age group 65 - 84 years , compared with the rates of the non-Anx/PD-Ag groups . They also had an increase in death due to circulatory disorders , most pronounced in males with PD-Ag before the age of 65 . There were no suicides in any of the Anx/PD-Ag groups during the observation period
A Medline search of research on pharmacotherapy was undertaken , and a previous systematic review on the evidence -based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder was up date d. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors remain a first-line pharmacotherapy of panic disorder , with the serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine also an acceptable early option .
Temporary co-administration of benzodiazepines can be considered .
For patients not responding to first-line agents several pharmacotherapy options are available , but there is a notable paucity of data on the optimal choice
The evidence -based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder continues to evolve .
This paper review s data on first-line pharmacotherapy , evidence for maintenance treatment , and management options for treatment-refractory patients .