Results Overall , exercise intolerance is prevalent in pediatric chronic disease .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is associated with a diverse range of health benefits .
International guidelines suggest that children should be participating in a minimum of 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity PA per day to achieve these benefits .
However , current guidelines are intended for healthy children , and thus may not be applicable to children with a chronic disease .
Specifically , the dose of PA and disease specific exercise considerations are not included in these guidelines , leaving such children with few , if any , evidence -based informed suggestions pertaining to PA .
Thus , the purpose of this narrative review was to consider current literature in the area of exercise as medicine and provide practical applications for exercise in five prevalent pediatric chronic diseases : respiratory , congenital heart , metabolic , systemic inflammatory/autoimmune , and cancer .
Intrahospital weight and aerobic training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial.
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to assess the effects of an 8-wk intrahospital combined circuit weight and aerobic training program performed by children with cystic fibrosis ( of low-moderate severity and stable clinical condition ) on the following outcomes : cardiorespiratory fitness ( VO2peak ) and muscle strength ( five-repetition maximum ( 5RM ) bench press , 5RM leg press , and 5RM seated row ) ( primary outcomes ) and pulmonary function ( forced vital capacity , forced expiratory volume in 1 s ) , weight , body composition , functional mobility ( Timed Up and Down Stairs and 3-m Timed Up and Go tests ) , and quality of life ( secondary outcomes ) . We also determined the effects of a detraining period ( 4 wk ) on the aforementioned outcomes . METHODS We performed a r and omized controlled trial design . Eleven participants in each group ( controls : 7 boys , age = 11 ± 3 yr , body mass index = 17.2 ± 0.8 kg · m(-2 ) ( mean ± SEM ) ; intervention : 6 boys , age = 10 ± 2 yr , body mass index = 18.4 ± 1.0 kg · m(-2 ) ) started the study .  RESULTS Adherence to training averaged 95.1 % ± 7.4 % . We observed a significant group × time interaction effect ( P = 0.036 ) for VO2peak . In the intervention group , VO2peak significantly increased with training by 3.9 mL · kg(-1 ) · min(-1 ) ( 95 % confidence interval = 1.8 - 6.1 mL · kg(-1 ) · min(-1 ) , P = 0.002 ) , whereas it decreased during the detraining period ( -3.4 mL · kg(-1 ) · min(-1 ) , 95 % confidence interval = -5.7 to -1.7 mL · kg(-1 ) · min(-1 ) , P = 0.001 ) . In contrast , no significant changes were observed during the study period within the control group . Although significant improvements were also observed after training for all 5RM strength tests ( P < 0.001 for the interaction effect ) , the training improvements were not significantly decreased after the detraining period in the intervention group ( all P > 0.1 for after training vs detraining ) . We found no significant training benefits in any of the secondary outcomes . CONCLUSIONS A short-term combined circuit weight and aerobic training program performed in a hospital setting induces significant benefits in the cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength of children with cystic fibrosis
Results Overall , exercise intolerance is prevalent in pediatric chronic disease .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is associated with a diverse range of health benefits .
International guidelines suggest that children should be participating in a minimum of 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity PA per day to achieve these benefits .
However , current guidelines are intended for healthy children , and thus may not be applicable to children with a chronic disease .
Specifically , the dose of PA and disease specific exercise considerations are not included in these guidelines , leaving such children with few , if any , evidence -based informed suggestions pertaining to PA .
Thus , the purpose of this narrative review was to consider current literature in the area of exercise as medicine and provide practical applications for exercise in five prevalent pediatric chronic diseases : respiratory , congenital heart , metabolic , systemic inflammatory/autoimmune , and cancer .