Conclusions This meta‐ analysis provides level 1 evidence that vitamin D supplementation may reduce chronic low‐ grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Background Vitamin D has been proposed to have anti‐inflammatory properties ; however , the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation in type 2 diabetes has not been established .
Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta‐ analysis was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify relevant gaps in knowledge .
Vitamin D receptor activation with calcitriol for reducing urinary angiotensinogen in patients with type 2 diabetic chronic kidney disease
Abstract Background Recently , it has been reported that urinary angiotensinogen levels is a specific index of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) status and it is significantly correlated with urinary albumin : creatinine ( Cr ) ratio in hypertensive patients . The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of activation of the Vitamin D receptor with calcitriol on albuminuria and urinary angiotensinogen as a novel biomarker of the intra-renal RAAS status in patients with diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) . Methods Ninety-eight patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria who were treated with RAAS inhibitors ( angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE-i ) or angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) ) have participated in this study . Patients were r and omized to receive either placebo ( n = 50 ) or 0.25 μg/day calcitriol ( n = 48 ) . We have examined urinary albumin : Cr ratio and urinary angiotensinogen : Cr ratio before and 24 weeks later after treatment in both group . Results The mean urinary albumin : Cr ratio and urinary angiotensinogen : Cr ratio were significantly higher in patients with DN than in normal controls ( p < 0.001 ) . Urinary angiotensinogen : Cr ratio was significantly , positively correlated with urinary albumin : Cr ratio in both groups ( in the placebo group ; p = 0.01 , r = 0.4236 , in calcitriol group ; p = 0.01 , r = 0.4564 ) . Conclusion These data indicated that administration of Vitamin D receptor activator in combination with RAAS inhibitors had an additional benefit in lowering albuminuria in patients with DN . More pronounced reduction of urinary albumin : Cr ratio that was positively correlated with angiotensinogen : Cr ratio in calcitriol group suggested that Vitamin D receptor activation might blunt albuminuria by reducing urinary angiotensinogen levels reflecting intra-renal RAAS status
Conclusions This meta‐ analysis provides level 1 evidence that vitamin D supplementation may reduce chronic low‐ grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Background Vitamin D has been proposed to have anti‐inflammatory properties ; however , the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation in type 2 diabetes has not been established .
Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta‐ analysis was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify relevant gaps in knowledge .