D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance
Objective : High-carbohydrate (HC)–high-fibre diets are recommended for weight loss and for treating and preventing diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease . We report a r and omised trial comparing high-fat ( HF ) and high-protein ( HP ) diets with the conventional approach . Research design and methods : A total of 93 overweight insulin-resistant women received advice following r and omisation to HF , HP or HC dietary regimes , to achieve weight loss followed by weight maintenance over 12 months . Weight , body composition and measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were investigated . Results : Retention rates were 93 % for HP and 75 % for HC and HF .  Features of the metabolic syndrome improved in all groups during the first 6 months , to a greater extent on HF and HP than an HC . During the second 6 months the HF group had increases in waist circumference ( mean difference 4.4 cm ( 95 % CI 3.0 , 5.8 ) ) , fat mass ( 2.3 kg ( 1.5 , 3.1 ) ) , triglycerides ( 0.28 mmol/l ( 0.09 , 0.46 ) ) and 2 h glucose ( 0.70 mmol/l ( 0.22 , 1.18 ) ) . Overall there was substantial sustained improvement in waist circumference , triglycerides and insulin in the HP group and sustained but more modest changes on HC .  Dietary compliance at 12 months was poor in all groups . Conclusions : HP and HC approaches appear to be appropriate options for insulin-resistant individuals . When recommending HP diets appropriate composition of dietary fat must be ensured . HC diet recommendations must include advice regarding appropriate high-fibre , low glycaemic index foods
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .