There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Effects of enhanced physical education on lung volumes of primary school children.
OBJECTIVE To test the impact of an enhanced physical education programme upon the growth and development of static and dynamic lung volumes of primary schoolchildren . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Quasi-experimental three factor design ( treatment x gender x urban vs rural environment ) with students evaluated over each of 6 years of primary school . SETTING Entire classes from State schools in urban and rural environment . PARTICIPANTS All willing students aged 7 - 12 years in selected classes ; initially 546 students , with 4 % drop-out rate per year . INTERVENTION Five hours of additional physical education per week , taught by specialist . MEASURES Body dimension ( height , body mass ) , aerobic power ( treadmill to exhaustion ) , forced vital capacity ( FVC ) , one second forced expiratory volume ( FEV1.0 ) . RESULTS Small but statistically significant influences of treatment , gender ( M > F ) and environment ( rural > urban ) which could not be explained by body size . Both FVC and FEV1.0 conform closely to cubic functions of height in metres : Boys FVC = 0.93 (H)3 , FEV1.0 = 0.79 (H)3 . Girls FVC + /- 0.85 (H)3 , FEV1.0 = 0.76 (H)3 . CONCLUSIONS A regular physical education programme can enhance lung volumes in primary school students . Norms should allow for gender differences , and reflect the potential attainment of students receiving adequate physical training and living in an area of low air pollution
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .