Conclusions  Electronic self-monitoring of mood in depression appears to be a valid measure of mood in contrast to self-monitoring of mood in mania .
Background Various paper-based mood charting instruments are used in the monitoring of symptoms in bipolar disorder .
During recent years an increasing number of electronic self-monitoring tools have been developed .
The objectives of this systematic review were 1 ) to evaluate the validity of electronic self-monitoring tools as a method of evaluating mood compared to clinical rating scales for depression and mania and 2 ) to investigate the effect of electronic self-monitoring tools on clinical ly relevant outcomes in bipolar disorder .
There are yet few studies on the effect of  electronic self-monitoring of mood  in bipolar disorder .
A prospective study of the trajectories of clinical insight, affective symptoms, and cognitive ability in bipolar disorder.
BACKGROUND Clinical insight in bipolar disorder is associated with treatment adherence and psychosocial outcome . The short-term dynamics of clinical insight in relationship to symptoms and cognitive abilities are unknown . METHODS In a prospect i ve observational study , a total of 106 out patients with bipolar disorder I or II were assessed at baseline , 6 weeks , 12 weeks , and 26 weeks . Participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery , clinical ratings of manic and depressive symptom severity , and self-reported clinical insight . Lagged correlations and linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the temporal associations between symptoms and insight , as well as the moderating influence of global cognitive abilities . RESULTS At baseline , insight was modestly correlated with severity of manic symptoms , but not with depressive symptoms or cognitive abilities . Insight and depressive symptoms fluctuated to approximately the same extent over time . Both lagged correlations and mixed effects models with lagged effects indicated that the severity of manic symptoms predicted worse insight at later assessment s , whereas the converse was not significant . There were no direct or moderating influences of global cognitive abilities . LIMITATIONS Our sample size was modest , and included relatively psychiatrically stable out patients , followed for a six month period . Our results may not generalize to acutely symptomatic patients followed over a longer period . CONCLUSIONS Clinical insight varies substantially over time within patients with bipolar disorder . Impaired insight in bipolar disorder is more likely to follow than to precede manic symptoms
Conclusions  Electronic self-monitoring of mood in depression appears to be a valid measure of mood in contrast to self-monitoring of mood in mania .
Background Various paper-based mood charting instruments are used in the monitoring of symptoms in bipolar disorder .
During recent years an increasing number of electronic self-monitoring tools have been developed .
The objectives of this systematic review were 1 ) to evaluate the validity of electronic self-monitoring tools as a method of evaluating mood compared to clinical rating scales for depression and mania and 2 ) to investigate the effect of electronic self-monitoring tools on clinical ly relevant outcomes in bipolar disorder .
There are yet few studies on the effect of  electronic self-monitoring of mood  in bipolar disorder .