In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Influence of Whole-Body Vibration Training Without Visual Feedback on Balance and Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength of the Elderly
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of whole-body vibration ( WBV ) training without visual feedback on balance and lower-extremity muscle strength in the elderly . Elderly subjects who did not exercise regularly participated in this study . Subjects were r and omly divided into a WBV with eyes open group , a visual feedback-deprived plus WBV ( VFDWBV ) group , and a control group ( 0 Hz , eyes open ) . WBV training was provided over a 3-month period , 3 times per week for 5 min each session . Balance performance was measured with the limits of stability test , and muscle strength was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer . A total of 45 elderly subjects with an average age of 69.22 ± 3.97 years , divided into a WBV group ( n = 14 ) , a VFDWBV group ( n = 17 ) , and a control group ( n = 14 ) , completed the trial . Statistically significant differences were found in the balance performance of the 3 groups at different time points ( time × group interaction : F = 13.213 , P < 0.001 ) , and the VFDWBV group had more improvement in balance than the WBV and control groups . The strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles had time × group interactions : F = 29.604 , P < 0.001 and F = 4.684 , P = 0.015 , respectively ; the VFDWBV group had more improvement on lower-extremity muscle strength than the WBV and control groups . The 6-month follow-up showed that the rates of hospital visits for medical services due to falls were 0 % in the WBV group ( 0/14 ) , 0 % in the VFDWBV group ( 0/17 ) , and 28.57 % in the control group ( 4/14 ) . Results showed that WBV training at 20 Hz without visual feedback can significantly improve the balance performance and lower-extremity muscle strength of the elderly
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .