Significant heterogeneity was not observed by nut type or other factors .
Tree nut intake  lowers total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , ApoB , and triglycerides .
The major determinant of cholesterol lowering appears to be nut dose rather than nut type .
BACKGROUND The effects of nuts on major cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors , including dose-responses and potential heterogeneity by nut type or phytosterol content , are not well established .
OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of tree nuts ( walnuts , pistachios , macadamia nuts , pecans , cashews , almonds , hazelnuts , and Brazil nuts ) on blood lipids [ total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein , and triglycerides ] , lipoproteins [ apolipoprotein A1 , apolipoprotein B ( ApoB ) , and apolipoprotein B100 ] , blood pressure , and inflammation ( C-reactive protein ) in adults aged ≥18 y without prevalent CVD .
A randomized trial of the effects of an almond-enriched, hypocaloric diet in the treatment of obesity1234
Background : Increased consumption of nuts has been advocated because of their health benefits , but the role of nuts in the treatment of obesity is unclear given their high energy density . Objective : This study was design ed to evaluate the effects of a hypocaloric , almond-enriched diet ( AED ) compared with a hypocaloric nut-free diet ( NFD ) on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the context of an 18-mo behavioral weight-management program . Design : Overweight and obese individuals [ n = 123 ; age = 46.8 y , BMI ( in kg/m2 ) = 34.0 ] were r and omly assigned to consume an AED or NFD and instructed in traditional behavioral methods of weight control .  Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were made at baseline , 6 mo , and 18 mo . Results : Those in the AED group lost slightly but significantly less weight than did those in the NFD group at 6 mo ( −5.5 compared with −7.4 kg ; P = 0.04 ) , but there were no differences at 18 mo . No significant differences in body composition were found between the groups at 6 or 18 mo . The AED , compared with the NFD , was associated with greater reductions in total cholesterol ( P = 0.03 ) , total : HDL cholesterol ( P = 0.02 ) , and triglycerides ( P = 0.048 ) at 6 mo , and no differences were observed between the groups at 18 mo . Conclusions : The AED and NFD groups experienced clinical ly significant and comparable weight loss at 18 mo . Despite smaller weight loss in the AED group at 6 mo , the AED group experienced greater improvements in lipid profiles . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00194428
Significant heterogeneity was not observed by nut type or other factors .
Tree nut intake  lowers total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , ApoB , and triglycerides .
The major determinant of cholesterol lowering appears to be nut dose rather than nut type .
BACKGROUND The effects of nuts on major cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors , including dose-responses and potential heterogeneity by nut type or phytosterol content , are not well established .
OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of tree nuts ( walnuts , pistachios , macadamia nuts , pecans , cashews , almonds , hazelnuts , and Brazil nuts ) on blood lipids [ total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein , and triglycerides ] , lipoproteins [ apolipoprotein A1 , apolipoprotein B ( ApoB ) , and apolipoprotein B100 ] , blood pressure , and inflammation ( C-reactive protein ) in adults aged ≥18 y without prevalent CVD .