Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Industry sponsored anti-smoking ads and adolescent reactance: test of a boomerang effect
Objective : To examine whether adolescents ’ exposure to youth smoking prevention ads  sponsored by tobacco companies promotes intentions to smoke , curiosity about smoking , and positive attitudes toward the tobacco industry . Design : A r and omised controlled experiment compared adolescents ’ responses to five smoking prevention ads sponsored by a tobacco company ( Philip Morris or Lorillard ) , or to five smoking prevention ads sponsored by a non-profit organisation ( the American Legacy Foundation ) , or to five ads about preventing drunk driving . Setting : A large public high school in California ’s central valley . Subjects : A convenience sample of 9th and 10th grade rs ( n = 832 ) ages 14–17 years . Main outcome measures : Perceptions of ad effectiveness , intention to smoke , and attitudes toward tobacco companies measured immediately after exposure . Results : As predicted , adolescents rated Philip Morris and Lorillard ads less favourably than the other youth smoking prevention ads . Adolescents ’ intention to smoke did not differ as a function of ad exposure . However , exposure to Philip Morris and Lorillard ads engendered more favourable attitudes toward tobacco companies . Conclusions : This study demonstrates that industry sponsored anti-smoking ads do more to promote corporate image than to prevent youth smoking . By cultivating public opinion that is more sympathetic toward tobacco companies , the effect of such advertising is likely to be more harmful than helpful to youth
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .