Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .
Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia
Rationale Individuals with schizophrenia have high smoking-related morbidity and mortality rates and need powerful and innovative smoking cessation interventions . Objectives This proof-of-concept study investigated the feasibility and initial efficacy of combining a contingency management intervention with bupropion to reduce smoking in people with schizophrenia . Methods Using a double-blind , placebo-controlled , between-groups design , 57 non-treatment-seeking participants were r and omized to receive 300 mg/day bupropion or placebo . One week later , participants were r and omized to a contingency management ( CM ) intervention in which reductions in urinary cotinine levels were reinforced , or a non-contingent reinforcement ( NR ) condition in which session attendance was reinforced , regardless of cotinine level . Over the 22-day study period , participants visited the laboratory approximately three times per week to provide urine sample s for analysis of cotinine levels , to give breath sample s for analysis of carbon monoxide ( CO ) levels , and to report number of cigarettes smoked per day , nicotine withdrawal symptoms , cigarette craving , and psychiatric symptoms . Results Cotinine and CO levels significantly decreased during the study period in participants r and omized to the CM condition , but not the NR condition . Bupropion did not reduce cotinine levels or increase the efficacy of CM . Cigarette craving and psychiatric symptom levels significantly decreased during the study in all groups . Conclusions The results of this study indicate the efficacy and feasibility of this CM intervention for reducing smoking in individuals with schizophrenia
Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .