CONCLUSIONS Palm oil consumption results in higher LDL cholesterol than do vegetable oils low in saturated fat and higher HDL cholesterol than do trans fat-containing oils in humans .
The effects of palm oil on blood lipids are as expected on the basis of its high saturated fat content , which supports the reduction in palm oil use by replacement with vegetable oils low in saturated and trans fat .
BACKGROUND Palm oil contains a high amount of saturated fat compared with most other vegetable oils , but studies have reported inconsistent effects of palm oil on blood lipids .
OBJECTIVE We systematic ally review ed the effect of palm oil consumption on blood lipids compared with other cooking oils using data from clinical trials .
Dietary fat saturation affects apolipoprotein AII levels and HDL composition in postmenopausal women.
Increased HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with lower coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk . However , HDL are heterogeneous lipoproteins , and particles enriched in apolipoprotein ( Apo ) AII have been associated with increased CHD risk . We examined the effect of dietary intervention on HDL composition in 14 postmenopausal women subjected to two consecutive diet periods , i.e. , an oleic acid sunflower oil diet followed by a palmolein diet , each lasting 4 wk . The linoleic acid was kept at 4 % total energy and the cholesterol intake at 400 mg/d . The palmolein diet increased serum total cholesterol ( TC ) ( P < 0.001 ) , phospholipids ( P < 0.001 ) , Apo AII ( P < 0.001 ) , HDL cholesterol ( P < 0.05 ) , HDL lipids ( P < 0.05 ) , HDL proteins ( P < 0.01 ) and the HDL total mass ( P < 0.05 ) . The HDL cholesterol/Apo AI ratio was increased 22.0 % ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas the HDL cholesterol/Apo AII and the Apo AI/Apo AII ratios were decreased 19.4 % ( P < 0.01 ) and 30.4 % , ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively . When the effects of the dietary intervention were examined according to the cholesterolemia status ( < or > 6.2 mmol/L ) , the most significant changes ( P < 0.001 ) were related to Apo AII levels . Moreover , a significant dietary oil by cholesterol level interaction was found for Apo AII and the HDL cholesterol/Apo AII ratio . In summary , a palmolein diet increased TC and HDL cholesterol compared with oleic acid sunflower oil diet ; however , the increase in Apo AII but not in Apo AI suggests the impairment of reverse cholesterol transport and potentially an increase in CHD risk . This effect was more marked in women with serum TC > 6.2
CONCLUSIONS Palm oil consumption results in higher LDL cholesterol than do vegetable oils low in saturated fat and higher HDL cholesterol than do trans fat-containing oils in humans .
The effects of palm oil on blood lipids are as expected on the basis of its high saturated fat content , which supports the reduction in palm oil use by replacement with vegetable oils low in saturated and trans fat .
BACKGROUND Palm oil contains a high amount of saturated fat compared with most other vegetable oils , but studies have reported inconsistent effects of palm oil on blood lipids .
OBJECTIVE We systematic ally review ed the effect of palm oil consumption on blood lipids compared with other cooking oils using data from clinical trials .