Data showed improvements secondary to exercise in ' physical function ' and ' general health ' .
The other domains - ' role physical ' , ' bodily pain ' , ' vitality ' , ' social ' , ' role emotional ' , and ' mental health ' - did not show improvement at six months .
Although results showed significant heterogeneity between trials , population s and outcomes were comparable overall , with findings relevant to the claudicant population .
High- quality evidence shows that exercise programmes provided important benefit compared with placebo or usual care in improving both pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with leg pain from IC who were considered to be fit for exercise intervention .
Exercise did not improve ABI , and we found no evidence of an effect of exercise on amputation or mortality .
Exercise may improve quality of life when compared with placebo or usual care .
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive , low-risk option compared with other , more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking ( intermittent claudication ( IC ) ) .
This is the fourth up date of a review first published in 1998 .
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication .
Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease , reducing cardiovascular events , and improving quality of life .
Secondary Prevention of New Vascular Events with Lifestyle Intervention in Patients with Noncardioembolic Mild Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Background : Lifestyle modification is associated with a substantially decreased risk of cardiovascular events . However , the role of lifestyle intervention for secondary prevention in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke is inadequately defined . We assessed the hypothesis that lifestyle intervention can reduce the onset of new vascular events in patients with noncardioembolic mild ischemic stroke . Methods : We conducted an observer-blind r and omized controlled trial that enrolled 70 patients ( 48 men , mean age 63.5 years ) with acute noncardioembolic mild ischemic stroke . The patients were allocated in equal numbers to a lifestyle intervention group or a control group . We performed lifestyle interventions , which comprised exercise training , salt restriction and nutrition advice for 24 weeks . Then all patients were prospect ively followed up for occurrence of the primary endpoints , including hospitalization due to stroke recurrence and the onset of other vascular events . We also evaluated systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) at the clinic and at home , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) to compare the efficacy of the lifestyle interventions . Results : This trial was terminated earlier than expected because of the prespecified early stopping rule for efficacy . After the 24-week intervention period , the intervention group showed a significant increase in daily physical activity and a significant decrease in salt intake ( physical activity , p = 0.012 ; salt intake , p < 0.001 ) , with a significant difference between the r and omized groups ( physical activity , p < 0.001 ; salt intake , p = 0.018 ) . Similarly , blood pressure was decreased and the HDL-C levels were increased in the intervention group ( SBP , p < 0.001 ; HDL-C , p = 0.018 ) , with significant differences between the r and omized groups ( SBP , p < 0.001 ; HDL-C , p = 0.022 ) . In contrast , LDL-C , HbA1c and hs-CRP tended to decrease in the intervention group , but this decrease did not achieve significance . After a median follow-up period of 2.9 years , 12 patients allocated to the control group and 1 patient in the lifestyle intervention group experienced at least 1 vascular event . A sequential plans analysis indicated the superiority of the lifestyle intervention in interim analysis . Kaplan-Meier survival curves after the log-rank test showed a significant prognostic difference between the r and omized groups ( p = 0.005 ) . Conclusions : Lifestyle intervention with appropriate medication is beneficial for reducing the incidence of new vascular events and improving vascular risk factors in patients with noncardioembolic mild ischemic stroke
Data showed improvements secondary to exercise in ' physical function ' and ' general health ' .
The other domains - ' role physical ' , ' bodily pain ' , ' vitality ' , ' social ' , ' role emotional ' , and ' mental health ' - did not show improvement at six months .
Although results showed significant heterogeneity between trials , population s and outcomes were comparable overall , with findings relevant to the claudicant population .
High- quality evidence shows that exercise programmes provided important benefit compared with placebo or usual care in improving both pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with leg pain from IC who were considered to be fit for exercise intervention .
Exercise did not improve ABI , and we found no evidence of an effect of exercise on amputation or mortality .
Exercise may improve quality of life when compared with placebo or usual care .
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive , low-risk option compared with other , more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking ( intermittent claudication ( IC ) ) .
This is the fourth up date of a review first published in 1998 .
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication .
Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease , reducing cardiovascular events , and improving quality of life .