The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels
Background A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) levels on non-skeletal outcomes .
We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) included in meta-analyses ( MAs ) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation .
Low vitamin D levels are associated with symptoms of depression in young adult males
Objective : Results from studies examining associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25(OH)D ) concentrations and depressive symptoms are equivocal . We investigated the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of depression , anxiety and stress in a cross-sectional analysis of a population -based sample of young adults participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort ( Raine ) Study . Methods : Participants provided a blood sample at the 20-year follow-up ( March 2010-April 2012 ) for the  measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentrations .  Mental health symptoms were assessed using the  21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales ( DASS-21 ) . Associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and total DASS-21 scores and subscale scores of depression , anxiety and stress were explored in males and females using negative binomial regression , adjusting for age , race , body mass index ( BMI ) and physical activity ( n=735 ) . Models examining subscale scores were also adjusted for the other subscale scores . Results : After adjusting for confounders , an increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 10 nmol/L decreased total DASS-21 scores in males by 9 % ( rate ratio ( RR ) 0.91 ; 95%CI 0.87,0.95 ; p<0.001 ) and depression subscale scores in males by 8 % ( RR 0.92 ; 95%CI 0.87,0.96 ; p=0.001 ) . However , in adjusted models there were no significant associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of anxiety and stress in males . There were no significant associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of depression , anxiety and stress in females . Conclusions : We found an association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and symptoms of depression , but not anxiety and stress , in males . R and omised controlled trials are necessary to determine any benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in young adults
The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels
Background A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) levels on non-skeletal outcomes .
We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) included in meta-analyses ( MAs ) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation .