Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on blood pressure in hypertension. A population-based intervention trial from the Tromsø study.
Studies of whether polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil -- in particular , eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids -- lower blood pressure have varied in design and results . We conducted a population -based , r and omized , 10-week dietary-supplementation trial in which the effects of 6 g per day of 85 percent eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were compared with those of 6 g per day of corn oil in 156 men and women with previously untreated stable , mild essential hypertension . The mean systolic blood pressure fell by 4.6 mm Hg ( P = 0.002 ) , and diastolic pressure by 3.0 mm Hg ( P = 0.0002 ) in the group receiving fish oil ; there was no significant change in the group receiving corn oil . The differences between the groups remained significant for both systolic ( 6.4 mm Hg ; P = 0.0025 ) and diastolic ( 2.8 mm Hg ; P = 0.029 ) pressure after control for anthropometric , lifestyle , and dietary variables . The decreases in blood pressure were larger as concentrations of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids increased ( P = 0.027 ) . Dietary supplementation with fish oil did not change mean blood pressure in the subjects who ate fish three or more times a week as part of their usual diet , or in those who had a base-line concentration of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids above 175.1 mg per liter . We conclude that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids reduce blood pressure in essential hypertension , depending on increases in plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .