A literature analysis supported links between  sugar  intake and both total energy intake and body weight gain , and between sugar intake and blood triglycerides independently of total energy intake .
The effects of sugar on blood triglycerides were shown to be mediated by the fructose component of sucrose and were observed with an intake of fructose > 50 g/day .
In addition , prospect i ve cohort studies showed associations between sugar intake and the risk of diabetes/insulin resistance , cardiovascular diseases , NAFLD , and hyperuricemia .
Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men
OBJECTIVE Adverse effects of hypercaloric , high-fructose diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in human subjects have been shown repeatedly . The implication s of fructose in amounts close to usual daily consumption , however , have not been well studied . This study assessed the effect of moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose compared with glucose on glucose and lipid metabolism . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine healthy , normal-weight male volunteers ( aged 21–25 years ) were studied in this double-blind , r and omized , cross-over trial . All subjects consumed four different sweetened beverages ( 600 mL/day ) for 3 weeks each : medium fructose ( MF ) at 40 g/day , and high fructose ( HF ) , high glucose ( HG ) , and high sucrose ( HS ) each at 80 g/day . Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with [6,6]-2H2 glucose labeling were used to measure endogenous glucose production . Lipid profile , glucose , and insulin were measured in fasting sample s. RESULTS Hepatic suppression of glucose production during the clamp was significantly lower after HF ( 59.4 ± 11.0 % ) than HG ( 70.3 ± 10.5 % , P < 0.05 ) , whereas fasting glucose , insulin , and C-peptide did not differ between the interventions . Compared with HG , LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly higher after MF , HF , and HS , and free fatty acids were significantly increased after MF , but not after the two other interventions ( P < 0.05 ) . Subjects ’ energy intake during the interventions did not differ significantly from baseline intake . CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose significantly alter hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism compared with similar amounts of glucose
A literature analysis supported links between  sugar  intake and both total energy intake and body weight gain , and between sugar intake and blood triglycerides independently of total energy intake .
The effects of sugar on blood triglycerides were shown to be mediated by the fructose component of sucrose and were observed with an intake of fructose > 50 g/day .
In addition , prospect i ve cohort studies showed associations between sugar intake and the risk of diabetes/insulin resistance , cardiovascular diseases , NAFLD , and hyperuricemia .