Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .
Association Between Muscular Strength and Cognition in People With Major Depression or Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls
Importance Objective physical fitness measures , such as h and grip strength , are associated with physical , mental , and cognitive outcomes in the general population . Although people with mental illness experience reduced physical fitness and cognitive impairment , the association between muscular strength and cognition has not been examined to date . Objective To determine associations between maximal h and grip strength and cognitive performance in people with major depression or bipolar disorder and in healthy controls . Design , Setting , and Participants In a multicenter , population -based study conducted between February 13 , 2005 , and October 1 , 2010 , in the United Kingdom , cross-sectional analysis was conducted of baseline data from 110 067 participants in the UK Biobank . Data analysis was performed between August 3 and August 18 , 2017 . Invitations were mailed to approximately 9.2 million UK homes , recruiting 502 664 adults , all aged 37 to 73 years . Clinical ly vali date d measures were used to identify individuals with major recurrent depression ( moderate or severe ) or bipolar disorder ( type I or type II ) and healthy controls ( those with no indication of present or previous mood disorders ) . Main Outcomes and Measures H and grip dynamometry was used to measure muscular function . Cognitive functioning was assessed using computerized tasks of reaction time , visual memory , number memory , reasoning , and prospect i ve memory . Generalized linear mixed models assessed the association between h and grip strength and cognitive performance , controlling for age , educational level , sex , body weight , and geographic region . Results Of the 110 067 participants , analyses included 22 699 individuals with major depression ( mean [ 95 % range ] age , 55.5 [ 41 - 68 ] years ; 7936 [ 35.0 % ] men ) , 1475 with bipolar disorder ( age , 54.4 [ 41 - 68 ] years ; 748 [ 50.7 % ] men ) , and 85 893 healthy controls ( age , 53.7 [ 41 - 69 ] years ; 43 000 [ 50.0 % ] men ) . In those with major depression , significant positive associations ( P < .001 ) between maximal h and grip strength and improved performance on all 5 cognitive tasks were found , including visual memory ( coefficient , −0.146 ; SE , 0.014 ) , reaction time ( coefficient , −0.036 ; SE , 0.002 ) , reasoning ( coefficient , 0.213 ; SE , 0.02 ) , number memory ( coefficient , 0.160 ; SE , 0.023 ) , and prospect i ve memory ( coefficient , 0.341 ; SE , 0.024 ) . Similar results were found in healthy controls . Among participants with bipolar disorder , h and grip strength was positively associated with improved visual memory ( coefficient , −0.129 ; SE , 0.052 ; P = .01 ) , reaction time ( coefficient , −0.047 ; SE , 0.007 ; P < .001 ) , prospect i ve memory ( coefficient , 0.262 ; SE , 0.088 ; P = .003 ) , and reasoning ( coefficient , 0.354 ; SE , 0.08 ; P < .001 ) . Conclusions and Relevance Grip strength may provide a useful indicator of cognitive impairment in people with major depression and bipolar disorder . Future research should investigate causality , assess the functional implication s of h and grip strength in psychiatric population s , and examine how interventions to improve muscular fitness affect neurocognitive status and socio-occupational functioning
Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .