Free fatty acid supplementation produced small but significant reductions in ADHD symptoms even with probably blinded assessment s , although the clinical significance of these effects remains to be determined .
Artificial food color exclusion produced larger effects but often in individuals selected for food sensitivities .
OBJECTIVE Nonpharmacological treatments are available for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , although their efficacy remains uncertain .
The authors undertook meta-analyses of the efficacy of dietary ( restricted elimination diets , artificial food color exclusions , and free fatty acid supplementation ) and psychological ( cognitive training , neurofeedback , and behavioral interventions ) ADHD treatments .
Combining Parent and Child Training for Young Children with ADHD
The efficacy of the Incredible Years parent and child training programs is established in children diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder but not among young children whose primary diagnosis is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . We conducted a r and omized control trial evaluating the combined parent and child program interventions among 99 children diagnosed with ADHD ( ages 4–6 ) . Mother reported significant treatment effects for appropriate and harsh discipline , use of physical punishment , and monitoring , whereas fathers reported no significant parenting changes . Independent observations revealed treatment effects for mothers ' praise and coaching , mothers ' critical statements , and child total deviant behaviors . Both mothers and fathers reported treatment effects for children 's externalizing , hyperactivity , inattentive and oppositional behaviors , and emotion regulation and social competence . There were also significant treatment effects for children 's emotion vocabulary and problem-solving ability . At school teachers reported treatment effects for externalizing behaviors and peer observations indicated improvements in treated children 's social competence
Free fatty acid supplementation produced small but significant reductions in ADHD symptoms even with probably blinded assessment s , although the clinical significance of these effects remains to be determined .
Artificial food color exclusion produced larger effects but often in individuals selected for food sensitivities .
OBJECTIVE Nonpharmacological treatments are available for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , although their efficacy remains uncertain .
The authors undertook meta-analyses of the efficacy of dietary ( restricted elimination diets , artificial food color exclusions , and free fatty acid supplementation ) and psychological ( cognitive training , neurofeedback , and behavioral interventions ) ADHD treatments .