Surgical associated factors — preoperative radiation/postoperative blood transfusion , combined anterior/posterior approach , surgical invasiveness , or levels of instrumentation were associated with increased SSI .
There is mixed evidence of age , duration of surgery , surgical team , intraoperative blood loss , dural tear , and urinary tract infection/urinary catheter in association with SSI .
Conclusion : SSIs are associated with many risk factors that can be patient or surgically related .
Objective : To perform a review of SSI risk factors and more specifically , categorize them into patient and surgical factors .
Deep-wound and organ-space infection after surgery for degenerative spine disease: an analysis from 2006 to 2012
Objective : To study the incidence and risk factors of deep-wound and organ-space surgical site infection ( SSI ) following surgery for degenerative spine disease . Methods : Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were obtained for the years 2006–2012 . All adult patients over 40 years of age who underwent elective cervical or lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine disease were identified .  Rates of deep-wound and organ-space SSI were calculated for each procedure . A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for SSI development . Results : A total of 36,440 patients were identified , with 7,627 patients ( 20.93 % ) undergoing cervical spine surgery and 28,813 patients ( 79.07 % ) undergoing lumbar spine surgery .  The overall rate of SSI was 0.72 % ( n = 264 ) ; there were 189 deep-wound infections ( 0.52 % ) and 75 organ-space infections ( 0.21 % ) . The highest rates of SSI were for patients undergoing a posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine ( 1.04 % ) , followed by patients undergoing a posterior cervical decompression ( 1.02 % ) ; the lowest rates were for patients undergoing cervical disc replacement ( 0.00 % ) . The multivariate analysis revealed that chronic steroid use ( OR 3.66 ) and increasing operative time ( OR 1.002 ) were the strongest independent risk factors for SSI development in the cervical spine , and renal morbidity ( OR 3.93 ) , hemato-oncological morbidity ( OR 2.55 ) , and chronic steroid use ( 2.04 ) were the strongest risk factors for lumbar SSI . Additionally , patients with a SSI had longer lengths of stay and higher mortality rates ( 0.76 % ) when compared to patients without a SSI ( 0.09 % ) . Conclusion : Deep-wound and organ-space infections are severe complications in patients undergoing spine surgery . In this study of a multi-centre and prospect ively collected data base , the rate of SSI was 0.72 % . Patients with renal disorders , chronic steroid use , hemato-oncological disease , and diabetes , among others , had significantly higher odds of SSI development
Surgical associated factors — preoperative radiation/postoperative blood transfusion , combined anterior/posterior approach , surgical invasiveness , or levels of instrumentation were associated with increased SSI .
There is mixed evidence of age , duration of surgery , surgical team , intraoperative blood loss , dural tear , and urinary tract infection/urinary catheter in association with SSI .
Conclusion : SSIs are associated with many risk factors that can be patient or surgically related .
Objective : To perform a review of SSI risk factors and more specifically , categorize them into patient and surgical factors .