In general , markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns , showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis .
Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified , suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ' cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers ' .
Non-cholesterol sterols are vali date d biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis .
However , their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematic ally explored .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders .
Plant sterols are efficacious in lowering plasma LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic persons.
BACKGROUND Because of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia , diabetic persons have higher cholesterol synthesis and lower cholesterol absorption rates than do nondiabetic persons . Differences in plant sterol efficacy between diabetic and nondiabetic persons have not been examined . OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the degree of response of plasma lipid concentrations and glycemic control to plant sterol consumption in a controlled diet between hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects . DESIGN Fifteen nondiabetic subjects and 14 diabetic subjects participated in a double-blinded , r and omized , crossover , placebo-controlled feeding trial . The diet included 1.8 g/d of either plant sterols or cornstarch placebo over 21 d , separated by a 28-d washout period . RESULTS Plant sterol consumption significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ) LDL-cholesterol concentrations from baseline in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects by 15.1 % and 26.8 % , respectively . The diabetic subjects had significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower absolute concentrations of total cholesterol after treatment than did the nondiabetic subjects ; however , there was no significant difference in the percentage change from the beginning to the end of the trial . There was also a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ) in absolute non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations after treatment in both groups . CONCLUSIONS The results showed that plant sterols are efficacious in lowering LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol in both diabetic and nondiabetic persons .  Plant sterol consumption may exist as a dietary management strategy for hypercholesterolemia in persons with type 2 diabetes
In general , markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns , showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis .
Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified , suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ' cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers ' .
Non-cholesterol sterols are vali date d biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis .
However , their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematic ally explored .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders .