Motor imagery training improves balance and mobility in older adults who do not have a neurological condition .
These results suggest that motor imagery training could be an adjunct to st and ard physiotherapy care in older adults , although it is unclear whether or not the effects are clinical ly worthwhile .
QUESTION Does motor imagery training improve measures of balance , mobility and falls in older adults without a neurological condition ?
A multifactorial intervention for frail older people is more than twice as effective among those who are compliant: complier average causal effect analysis of a randomised trial.
QUESTION What is the effect of a multifactorial intervention on frailty and mobility in frail older people who comply with their allocated treatment ? DESIGN Secondary analysis of a r and omised , controlled trial to derive an estimate of complier average causal effect ( CACE ) of treatment . PARTICIPANTS A total of 241 frail community-dwelling people aged ≥ 70 years . INTERVENTION Intervention participants received a 12-month multidisciplinary intervention targeting frailty , with home exercise as an important component . Control participants received usual care . OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were frailty , assessed using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria ( range 0 to 5 criteria ) , and mobility measured using the 12-point Short Physical Performance Battery . Outcomes were assessed 12 months after r and omisation . The treating physiotherapist evaluated the amount of treatment received on a 5-point scale . RESULTS 216 participants ( 90 % ) completed the study .  The median amount of treatment received was 25 to 50 % ( range 0 to 100 ) . The CACE ( ie , the effect of treatment in participants compliant with allocation ) was to reduce frailty by 1.0 frailty criterion ( 95 % CI 0.4 to 1.5 ) and increase mobility by 3.2 points ( 95 % CI 1.8 to 4.6 ) at 12 months . The mean CACE was substantially larger than the intention-to-treat effect , which was to reduce frailty by 0.4 frailty criteria ( 95 % CI 0.1 to 0.7 ) and increase mobility by 1.4 points ( 95 % CI 0.8 to 2.1 ) at 12 months . CONCLUSION Overall , compliance was low in this group of frail people . The effect of the treatment on participants who comply with allocated treatment was substantially greater than the effect of allocation on all trial participants . TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zeal and Trial Registry ANZCTRN12608000250336 . [ Fairhall N , Sherrington C , Cameron ID , Kurrle SE , Lord SR , Lockwood K , Herbert RD ( 2016 ) A multifactorial intervention for frail older people is more than twice as effective among those who are compliant : complier average causal effect analysis of a r and omised trial . Journal of Physiotherapy63 : 40 - 44 ]
Motor imagery training improves balance and mobility in older adults who do not have a neurological condition .
These results suggest that motor imagery training could be an adjunct to st and ard physiotherapy care in older adults , although it is unclear whether or not the effects are clinical ly worthwhile .
QUESTION Does motor imagery training improve measures of balance , mobility and falls in older adults without a neurological condition ?