None of the trials examined the effects of the interventions in terms of costs .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS The included trials did not demonstrate significant differences for most of the outcomes when targeting intensive perioperative glycaemic control compared with conventional glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus .
However , posthoc analysis indicated that intensive glycaemic control was associated with an increased number of patients experiencing hypoglycaemic episodes .
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of postoperative complications .
Data from r and omised clinical trials and meta-analyses point to a potential benefit of intensive glycaemic control , targeting near-normal blood glucose , in patients with hyperglycaemia ( with and without diabetes mellitus ) being su bmi tted to surgical procedures .
However , there is limited evidence concerning this question in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing surgery .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of perioperative glycaemic control for diabetic patients undergoing surgery .
Hypotheses, design, and methods for the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Trial.
The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes ( BARI 2D ) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored r and omized clinical trial that evaluates treatment efficacy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and angiographically documented stable coronary artery disease . Using a 2 x 2 factorial design , BARI 2D compares revascularization combined with aggressive medical treatment versus aggressive medical treatment alone ; simultaneously , BARI 2D compares 2 glycemic control strategies , insulin sensitization versus insulin provision .  All patients have goals of glycosylated hemoglobin values < 7.0 % and uniform control of hypertension , dyslipidemia , and obesity following recommended medical guidelines . The primary end point of BARI 2D is all-cause 5-year mortality analyzed by intention to treat , and the principal secondary end point is the combination of death , myocardial infa rct ion , and stroke .  A total of 2,368 patients have been enrolled at 49 clinical centers throughout North America , South America , and Europe . The study enrollment period was January 2001 through March 2005 , and the patient treatment and follow-up phase is expected to extend at least through May 2007 . Participants are treated at the local BARI 2D clinical sites on a monthly basis for the first 6 months and then every 3 months until the end of the study . Within BARI 2D , central management centers oversee the control of glycemia , plasma lipid levels , hypertension , and obesity . The r and omized clinical trial collects data on patient symptoms , clinical measurements , medications , and clinical events as well as data from central ized evaluations of angiograms , electrocardiograms , nuclear stress tests , blood and urine specimens , and relative economic costs
None of the trials examined the effects of the interventions in terms of costs .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS The included trials did not demonstrate significant differences for most of the outcomes when targeting intensive perioperative glycaemic control compared with conventional glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus .
However , posthoc analysis indicated that intensive glycaemic control was associated with an increased number of patients experiencing hypoglycaemic episodes .
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of postoperative complications .
Data from r and omised clinical trials and meta-analyses point to a potential benefit of intensive glycaemic control , targeting near-normal blood glucose , in patients with hyperglycaemia ( with and without diabetes mellitus ) being su bmi tted to surgical procedures .
However , there is limited evidence concerning this question in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing surgery .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of perioperative glycaemic control for diabetic patients undergoing surgery .