The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .
Food Intake and Changes in Eating Behavior After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Background  Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG )  results in reduced calorie intake and weight loss . Whether patients consume the same types of food before and after surgery or whether they reduce the volume and calorie density of the foods they consume remains unknown . Objectives The aim of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate the changes in daily caloric and macronutrient intake after LSG and the relation between changes of taste and food tolerance over 2 years . Methods Thirty morbidly obese patients with median body mass index ( BMI ) of 43.9 kg/m2 ( 39.5–57.3 ) were prospect ively enrolled prior to LSG .  Weight , BMI , % EWL , weight loss percentage ( % WL ) , and daily intake were evaluated preoperatively at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months after surgery along with a question naire evaluating food choices , quality of eating , tolerance of certain types of food , frequency of vomiting , and changes in taste . Results The median % EWL and % WL at 12 and 24 months was 65 % ( 33.9–93.6 % ) , 27.3 % ( 14.2–45.5 % ) and 71.5 % ( 39.6–101.1 % ) , 31 % ( 19.1–50.3 % ) respectively . Six months after surgery , the daily caloric intake reduced by 68 % and the reduction was maintained until 24 months . The median score of the eating question naire was 18 ( 10–27 ) at 6 months , 22 ( 16–26 ) at 12 months , and 23 ( 10–27 ) at 24 months , suggesting that the quality of nutrition improved over time . At 6 , 12 , and 24 months , 75 % of the patients reported changes in taste with reduced interest in sweets , high fat food , and alcoholic drinks . However , at 24 months , 20 % of patients reported a heightened interest in sweets compared to 12 months previously . Conclusions LSG reduced calorie intake both through volume of food and the calorie density of the food consumed . The mechanisms for the changes in food preferences may involve both unconditioned and conditioned effects . The influence of dietary counseling on learning which foods are consumed still requires further exploration
The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .