Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Blood pressure response to oral calcium in persons with mild to moderate hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
The blood pressure response of 48 hypertensive persons and 32 normotensive persons to elemental calcium ( as the carbonate or citrate salt ) , 1000 mg/d for 8 weeks , was assessed in a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover trial . Compared with placebo , Ca2 + significantly lowered supine systolic blood pressure by 3.8 mm Hg , st and ing systolic blood pressure by 5.6 mm Hg ( p less than 0.02 ) , and supine diastolic blood pressure by 2.3 mm Hg ( p less than 0.05 ) in hypertensive persons . The response in normotensive persons differed significantly from that in hypertensives ( p less than 0.03 ) as their blood pressure was unchanged . Twenty-one ( 44 % ) hypertensive and 6 ( 19 % ) normotensive persons achieved a reduction in st and ing systolic arterial pressure of 10 mm Hg or greater . Reported adverse effects were similar between calcium and placebo phases and did not necessitate withdrawal of any patient from the trial . Treatment with 1000 mg/d of oral Ca2 + for 8 weeks represents a safe , well-tolerated , nonpharmacologic intervention that lowers blood pressure in selected patients with mild to moderate hypertension
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .