Conclusions : Probiotics may have beneficial effects on the reduction of glucose , insulin and HbA1c for diabetes , especially for T2DM mellitus patients
Abstract Background : A systematic review and meta- analysis was design ed to evaluate the effect of probiotics  on diabetes and its associated risk factors .
The effects of probiotic bacteria on glycaemic control in overweight men and women: a randomised controlled trial
Background / Objectives : Evidence from animal and in vitro models suggest a role of probiotic bacteria in improving glycaemic control and delaying the onset of  type 2 diabetes .  However , the evidence from controlled trials in humans is limited . The objective was to determine if the probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus La5 and B. animalis subsp lactis Bb12 , supplemented in a whole food ( yoghurt ) or isolated ( capsules ) form , can improve biomarkers of glycaemic control . Subjects/ methods : Following a 3-week washout period , 156 overweight men and women over 55 years ( mean age : 67±8 years ; mean body mass index ( 31±4 kg/m2 ) were r and omized to a 6-week double-blinded parallel study . The four intervention groups were : ( A ) probiotic yoghurt plus probiotic capsules ; ( B ) probiotic yoghurt plus placebo capsules ; ( C ) control milk plus probiotic capsules ; and ( D ) control milk plus placebo capsules . Outcome measurements , including fasting glucose , insulin , glycated haemoglobin and Homoeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , were performed at baseline and week 6 . Results : Relative to the milk-control group , probiotic yoghurt result ed in a significantly higher HOMA-IR ( 0.32±0.15 , P=0.038 ) , but did not have a significant effect on the other three measures of glycaemic control ( P>0.05 ) . Relative to placebo capsules , probiotic capsules result ed in a significantly higher fasting glucose ( 0.15±0.07 mmol/l , P=0.037 ) , with no significant effect on the other three measures of glycaemic control ( P>0.05 ) . Further analyses did not identify other variables as contributing to these adverse findings . Conclusions : Data from this study does not support the hypothesis that L. acidophilus La5 and B. animalis subsp lactis Bb12 , either in isolated form or as part of a whole food , benefit short-term glycaemic control . Indeed , there is weak data for an adverse effect of these strains on glucose homoeostasis
Conclusions : Probiotics may have beneficial effects on the reduction of glucose , insulin and HbA1c for diabetes , especially for T2DM mellitus patients
Abstract Background : A systematic review and meta- analysis was design ed to evaluate the effect of probiotics  on diabetes and its associated risk factors .