We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .
The effect of hormone replacement on physical performance in community-dwelling elderly women.
PURPOSE Our aim was to determine the effect of hormone replacement on physical performance measures , functional ability , physical activity , falls , and cognitive function in elderly women . SUBJECTS AND METHODS Following a 3-month , open-label , run-in phase , we r and omized 373 community-dwelling women aged 65 years and older to receive conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg/day plus or minus medroxyprogesterone 2.5 mg/day vs placebo for 3 years in a double-blind fashion . We assessed time to rise from a chair , timed walking , balance , Instrumental Activities of Daily Living , Physical Activity Scale of the Elderly , Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination , and falls . RESULTS Over 3 years , except for balance scores , performance measures declined significantly ( all P<.05 ) . There were no significant mean differences between women on hormone replacement versus placebo for rising time ( 0.1 , -0.5 to 0.7 seconds [ mean , 95 % confidence interval ] ) , walking normal ( 0.0 , -0.4 to 0.4 seconds ) , and walking fast ( 0.2 , -0.1 to 0.6 seconds ) . There were no significant mean differences between the two groups for the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living ( 0.1 , -0.1 to 0.3 points ) , Physical Activity Scale of the Elderly ( -3 , -15 to 8 points ) , Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination ( -0.1 , -0.3 to 0.3 points ) , or the proportion of participants reporting falls ( -1 , -11 to 9 % ) . CONCLUSION In elderly women , hormone replacement had no statistically significant effect on cognition or balance , nor did it prevent the age-related decline in physical measures of mobility , ability to rise from a chair , self-reported activities of daily living , physical activity scores , or falls
We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .