D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Glucose and insulin responses following 16 months of exercise training in overweight adults: the Midwest Exercise Trial.
The current study examined the insulin and glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) in overweight young adults prior to and following exercise training in the Midwest Exercise Trial ( MET ) . Subjects ( N = 66 ) were r and omly assigned to  non-exercise control ( CON ; 16 females , 13 males ) or exercise ( EX ; 22 females , 15 males ) groups . EX performed supervised and verified exercise on 3 to 5 days per week in 20- to 45-minute sessions at 60 % to 75 % of heart rate reserve . OGTTs and assessment s for body mass , body composition , and maximal oxygen consumption ( Vo(2 ) max ) were performed at baseline , and after 9 and 16 months of training . Blood was collected during a 75-g OGTT and analyzed for glucose and insulin concentrations with the total area under the glucose and insulin curves used in the analysis . The EX males had significant decreases from baseline to 9 months in body mass ( 94.8 + /- 12.5 to 89.2 + /- 9.8 kg ) and percent fat ( 28.3 + /- 4.8 to 24.2 + /- 3.9 ) with no further changes at 16 months . CON females had significant increases in body mass ( 78.2 + /- 6.4 to 81.1 + /- 8.1 kg ) and percent fat ( 36.6 + /- 4.2 to 37.8 + /- 4.7 ) from baseline to 16 months . Vo(2 ) max increased significantly from baseline to 9 months in the EX males ( 3.67 + /- 0.62 to 4.36 + /- 0.55 L/min ) and EX females ( 2.53 + /- 0.32 to 2.99 + /- 0.42 L/min ) . For glucose area under the curve , there were no significant differences between EX or CON across the 16 months of the study . For insulin area under the curve , there was a significant decrease for male EX from baseline to 9 months ( 12,535 + /- 6,114 to 8,390 + /- 4,231 microU/L/180 min ) . We conclude that regular exercise in healthy , previously sedentary overweight adult males leads to improvements in Vo(2 ) max and weight loss and a reduction in the insulin concentration required to dispose of a set glucose load . In females , improvement in Vo(2 ) max without weight loss does not lead to improvement in insulin sensitivity
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .