The results confirmed the presence of a relation between executive functions and overweight/obesity , although the directionality of this relation was not clear ; nor did any single executive function emerge as being more involved than others in this relation .
Despite this , there was evidence of a reciprocal influence between executive functions and overweight/obesity .
Conclusions : This systematic review underlines the presence of a relationship between executive functions and overweight/obesity .
Moreover , it seems to suggest a bidirectional trend in this relationship that could be the cause of the failure of interventions for weight reduction .
Background : The increasing incidence of people affected by overweight or obesity is a significant health problem .
The knowledge of the factors which influences the inappropriate eating behaviors causing excessive body fat is an essential goal for the research .
Overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for many health diseases , such as cardiovascular problems , diabetes .
Recently , many studies have focused on the relationship between body weight and cognitive processes .
Objectives : This systematic review is aim ed to investigate the existence and the nature of the relationship between excessive body weight ( overweight/obesity ) and executive functions , analyzing cross-sectional , and longitudinal studies in order to verify the evidence of a possible causality between these variables .
A randomised controlled trial of manualized cognitive remediation therapy in adult obesity
OBJECTIVE Research has indicated that individuals with obesity have neurocognitive deficits , especially in cognitive flexibility that may in turn impact on their weight loss and maintenance . Consequently , we examined the efficacy of a manualised face-to-face cognitive remediation therapy for obesity ( CRT-O ) within a r and omised controlled trial , in terms of improving cognitive flexibility , reducing binge eating behaviour , improving quality of life and helping with weight loss . METHODS 80 adults with obesity ( body mass index > 30 kg/m2 ) , 70 % binge eaters , received three weekly sessions of group Behavioural Weight Loss ( BWL ) and then were r and omised to 8 sessions of individual CRT-O or to a no-treatment control group . RESULTS Mixed-effects model analyses revealed that the CRT-O group had a significant improvement in their cognitive flexibility at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up compared to the control group ( Cohen 's d = 0.96 to 2.1 ) . 68 % of those in the CRT-O group achieved a weight loss of 5 % or more at follow-up compared to only 15 % of the controls ( Cohen 's d = 1.3 ) . Changes in set-shifting predicted changes in weight ( p < .05 ) . Binge eating reduced in the CRT-O group compared to the control ( Cohen 's d = 0.80 ) . DISCUSSION This is the first study showing the efficacy of CRT-O for obesity . Future CRT-O studies with longer follow-ups and pairing it with longer BWL programs are needed . TRIALS REGISTRY ( ANZCTR ) 12613000537752 . DATE OF ANZCTR REGISTRATION 14 May 2013
The results confirmed the presence of a relation between executive functions and overweight/obesity , although the directionality of this relation was not clear ; nor did any single executive function emerge as being more involved than others in this relation .
Despite this , there was evidence of a reciprocal influence between executive functions and overweight/obesity .
Conclusions : This systematic review underlines the presence of a relationship between executive functions and overweight/obesity .
Moreover , it seems to suggest a bidirectional trend in this relationship that could be the cause of the failure of interventions for weight reduction .
Background : The increasing incidence of people affected by overweight or obesity is a significant health problem .
The knowledge of the factors which influences the inappropriate eating behaviors causing excessive body fat is an essential goal for the research .
Overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for many health diseases , such as cardiovascular problems , diabetes .
Recently , many studies have focused on the relationship between body weight and cognitive processes .
Objectives : This systematic review is aim ed to investigate the existence and the nature of the relationship between excessive body weight ( overweight/obesity ) and executive functions , analyzing cross-sectional , and longitudinal studies in order to verify the evidence of a possible causality between these variables .