HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Complex regulation of GH autofeedback under dual-peptide drive: studies under a pharmacological GH and sex steroid clamp.
To test the postulate that sex difference , sex steroids , and peptidyl secretagogues control GH autofeedback , 11 healthy postmenopausal women and 14 older men were each given 1 ) a single iv pulse of GH to enforce negative feedback and 2 ) continuous iv infusion of saline vs. combined GHRH/GHRP-2 to drive feedback escape during pharmacological estradiol ( E(2 ) ; women ) or testosterone ( T ; men ) supplementation vs. placebo in a double-blind , prospect ively r and omized crossover design . By three-way ANCOVA , sex difference , sex hormone treatment , peptide stimulation , and placebo/saline responses ( covariate ) controlled total ( integrated ) GH recovery during feedback ( each P < 0.001 ) . Both sex steroid milieu ( P = 0.019 ) and dual-peptide stimulation ( P < 0.001 ) determined nadir ( maximally feedback-suppressed ) GH concentrations . E(2)/T exposure elevated nadir GH concentrations during saline infusion ( P = 0.003 ) , whereas dual-peptide infusion did so independently of T/E(2 ) and sex difference ( P = 0.001 ) . All three of sex difference ( P = 0.001 ) , sex steroid treatment ( P = 0.005 ) , and double-peptide stimulation ( P < 0.001 ) augmented recovery of peak ( maximally feedback-escaped ) GH concentrations . Peak GH responses to  dual-peptidyl agonists were greater in women than in men ( P = 0.016 ) . E(2)/T augmented peak GH recovery during saline infusion ( P < 0.001 ) . Approximate entropy analysis corroborated independent effects of sex steroid treatment ( P = 0.012 ) and peptide infusion ( P < 0.001 ) on GH regularity . In summary , sex difference , sex steroid supplementation , and combined peptide drive influence nadir , peak , and entropic measurements of GH release under controlled negative feedback . To the degree that the pharmacological sex steroid , GH , and dual-peptide clamps provide prephysiological regulatory insights , these outcomes suggest major determinants of pulsatile GH secretion in the feedback domain
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .