The associations were largely consistent and significant among individuals from different socioeconomic background s and baseline characteristics .
Conclusions /interpretationAdoption of a healthy lifestyle is associated with substantial risk reduction in type 2 diabetes and long-term adverse outcomes among diabetic individuals .
Aims /hypothesisA healthy lifestyle has been widely recommended for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes .
However , no systematic review has summarised the relationship between combined lifestyle factors ( including , but not limited to , smoking , alcohol drinking , physical activity , diet and being overweight or obese ) and  incident type 2 diabetes and risk of health outcomes among diabetic individuals .
Lifestyle factors on the risks of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
BACKGROUND The joint effects of different lifestyle factors on stroke risk are still to some extent unclear , especially regarding hemorrhagic stroke . METHODS We prospect ively investigated the association of different indicators of lifestyle ( smoking , body mass index , physical activity , and vegetable and alcohol consumption )  with total and type-specific stroke incidence among 36 686 Finnish participants who were 25 to 74 years old and free of coronary heart disease and stroke at baseline . RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 13.7 years , 1478 people developed an incident stroke event ( 1167 ischemic and 311 hemorrhagic ) . The multivariate-adjusted ( age , sex , education , family history of stroke , history of diabetes mellitus , systolic blood pressure , and serum total cholesterol level ) hazard ratios associated with adherence to 0 to 1 ( reference group ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 healthy lifestyle indicators were 1 , 0.66 , 0.57 , 0.51 , and 0.33 ( P < .001 for trend ) for total stroke ; 1 , 0.67 , 0.60 , 0.50 , and 0.30 ( P < .001 for trend ) for ischemic stroke ; and 1 , 0.63 , 0.49 , 0.49 , and 0.40 ( P < .001 for trend ) for hemorrhagic stroke , respectively . These inverse associations were similar in both men and women . The partial population attributable risk percentages associated with adherence to 3 , 4 , and 5 healthy lifestyle indicators were 26.3 % , 43.8 % , and 54.6 % for total stroke ; 22.7 % , 45.3 % , and 59.7 % for ischemic stroke ; and 35.0 % , 35.0 % , and 36.1 % for hemorrhagic stroke , respectively . CONCLUSION Healthy lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of stroke , and there is a grade d inverse association between the number of healthy lifestyle indicators and the risks of total , ischemic , and hemorrhagic stroke
The associations were largely consistent and significant among individuals from different socioeconomic background s and baseline characteristics .
Conclusions /interpretationAdoption of a healthy lifestyle is associated with substantial risk reduction in type 2 diabetes and long-term adverse outcomes among diabetic individuals .
Aims /hypothesisA healthy lifestyle has been widely recommended for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes .
However , no systematic review has summarised the relationship between combined lifestyle factors ( including , but not limited to , smoking , alcohol drinking , physical activity , diet and being overweight or obese ) and  incident type 2 diabetes and risk of health outcomes among diabetic individuals .