After a long-term resistance training , healthy older adults showed enhanced muscle oxygen extraction capacity , regulation of vessels and vascular endothelium function ; endurance training is reported to improve microvascular blood flow and matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization , muscle oxidative capacity and muscle saturation , and walking sessions results in better muscle oxygen availability and muscle oxygen extraction capacity in older adults with peripheral arterial disease .
This review supports the fact that depending on the clinical status of the participants and the modality , exercise training improves different aspects of the muscle oxygenation in older adults
AIM To determine the effects of different modality of exercise training programs on muscle oxygenation in older adults .
Ageing reduces nitric-oxide- and prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation in exercising humans.
In older humans , infusions of endothelial agonists suggest endothelial dysfunction , due in part to less nitric oxide (NO)- and prostagl and in (PG)-mediated vasodilatation , and a shift toward PG-mediated vasoconstriction . Ageing can also be associated with lower exercise blood flow ( exercise hyperaemia ) , but the vascular mechanisms mediating this remain unknown . Notably , in young adults , inhibition of NO and PGs during exercise decreases exercise hyperaemia by approximately 20 and approximately 12 % , respectively . We tested our first hypothesis that in older humans inhibition of NO would decrease hyperaemia , but that inhibition of PGs would increase hyperaemia by blocking vasoconstrictor PGs . Fifteen older subjects ( 65 + /- 3 years ) performed dynamic forearm exercise for 20 min ( 20 contractions min(-1 ) ) . Forearm blood flow ( FBF ) was measured beat-to-beat with Doppler ultrasound , while saline or drugs were infused sequentially via brachial artery catheter in the exercising forearm . After achieving steady-state exercise , L-NAME ( 25 mg ) was infused over 5 min to inhibit NO synthase . After a further 2 min of exercise ( saline ) , ketorolac ( 6 mg ) was infused over 5 min to inhibit PGs , followed by a further 3 min of exercise with saline . Drug order was reversed in seven subjects . L-NAME reduced steady-state exercise hyperaemia by 12 + /- 3 % in older subjects ( P<0.01 ) , whereas ketorolac had no net effect on blood flow ( 3 + /- 6 % , P>0.4 ) . The effects of l-NAME and ketorolac were independent of drug order . By comparing these results with our previous results in young adults , we tested our second hypothesis that in older humans inhibition of NO or PGs would have less impact on exercise hyperaemia due to less vasodilatation from these signals . Our results suggest that , compared with young adults , in older humans the relative contribution of NO to exercise hyperaemia is reduced approximately 45 % ( 22 + /- 4 versus 12 + /- 3 % ) , but the role of PG in mediating vasodilatation is lost in ageing human skeletal muscle . Lower exercise hyperaemia in older humans may be mediated in part by less NO- and PG-mediated vasodilatation during exercise
After a long-term resistance training , healthy older adults showed enhanced muscle oxygen extraction capacity , regulation of vessels and vascular endothelium function ; endurance training is reported to improve microvascular blood flow and matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization , muscle oxidative capacity and muscle saturation , and walking sessions results in better muscle oxygen availability and muscle oxygen extraction capacity in older adults with peripheral arterial disease .
This review supports the fact that depending on the clinical status of the participants and the modality , exercise training improves different aspects of the muscle oxygenation in older adults
AIM To determine the effects of different modality of exercise training programs on muscle oxygenation in older adults .