For studies of a similar design and which assessed the same outcomes in similar population groups , we report the potential for the combining of data across studies in systematic review s. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review has revealed the extensive evidence base for many outcomes which could be the focus of systematic review s exploring the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption
BACKGROUND The health effects of conventional yogurt have been investigated for over a century ; however , few systematic review s have been conducted to assess the extent of the health benefits of yogurt .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to assess the volume of available evidence on the health effects of conventional yogurt .
Consumption of Dairy Products and Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Background Prospect i ve studies have consistently reported lower colorectal cancer risks associated with higher intakes of total dairy products , total milk and dietary calcium . However , less is known about whether the inverse associations vary for individual dairy products with differing fat contents . Material s and Methods In the European Prospect i ve Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ( EPIC ) , we investigated the associations between intakes of total milk and milk subtypes ( whole-fat , semi-skimmed and skimmed ) , yoghurt , cheese , and dietary calcium with colorectal cancer risk amongst 477,122 men and women .  Dietary question naires were administered at baseline . Multivariable hazard ratios ( HRs ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models , adjusted for relevant confounding variables . Results During the mean 11 years of follow-up , 4,513 incident cases of colorectal cancer occurred . After multivariable adjustments , total milk consumption was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk ( HR per 200 g/day 0.93 , 95 % CI : 0.89–0.98 ) . Similar inverse associations were observed for whole-fat ( HR per 200 g/day 0.90 , 95 % CI : 0.82–0.99 ) and skimmed milk ( HR per 200 g/day 0.90 , 95 % CI : 0.79–1.02 ) in the multivariable models . Inverse associations were observed for cheese and yoghurt in the categorical models ; although in the linear models , these associations were non-significant . Dietary calcium was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk ( HR per 200 mg/day 0.95 , 95 % CI : 0.91–0.99 ) ; this association was limited to dairy sources of calcium only ( HR per 200 mg/day 0.95 , 95 % CI : 0.91–0.99 ) , with no association observed for non-dairy calcium sources ( HR per 200 mg/day 1.00 , 95 % CI : 0.81–1.24 ) . Conclusions Our results strengthen the evidence for a possible protective role of dairy products on colorectal cancer risk . The inverse associations we observed did not differ by the fat content of the dairy products considered
For studies of a similar design and which assessed the same outcomes in similar population groups , we report the potential for the combining of data across studies in systematic review s. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review has revealed the extensive evidence base for many outcomes which could be the focus of systematic review s exploring the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption
BACKGROUND The health effects of conventional yogurt have been investigated for over a century ; however , few systematic review s have been conducted to assess the extent of the health benefits of yogurt .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to assess the volume of available evidence on the health effects of conventional yogurt .