Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Long-term effects of a Palaeolithic-type diet in obese postmenopausal women: a 2-year randomized trial
Background / Objectives : Short-term studies have suggested beneficial effects of a Palaeolithic-type diet ( PD ) on body weight and metabolic balance . We now report the long-term effects of a PD on anthropometric measurements and metabolic balance in obese postmenopausal women , in comparison with a diet according to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR).Subjects/ Methods : Seventy obese postmenopausal women ( mean age 60 years , body mass index 33 kg/m2 ) were assigned to an ad libitum PD or NNR diet in a 2-year r and omized controlled trial . The primary outcome was change in fat mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . Results : Both groups significantly decreased total fat mass at 6 months ( −6.5 and −2.6 kg ) and 24 months ( −4.6 and −2.9 kg ) , with a more pronounced fat loss in the PD group at 6 months ( P<0.001 ) but not at 24 months ( P=0.095 ) . Waist circumference and sagittal diameter also decreased in both the groups , with a more pronounced decrease in the PD group at 6 months ( −11.1 vs−5.8 cm , P=0.001 and −3.7 vs−2.0 cm , P<0.001 , respectively ) . Triglyceride levels decreased significantly more at 6 and 24 months in the PD group than in the NNR group ( P<0.001 and P=0.004 ) . Nitrogen excretion did not differ between the groups . Conclusions : A PD has greater beneficial effects vs an NNR diet regarding fat mass , abdominal obesity and triglyceride levels in obese postmenopausal women ; effects not sustained for anthropometric measurements at 24 months . Adherence to protein intake was poor in  the PD group . The long-term consequences of these changes remain to be studied
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .