HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Ospemifene effectively treats vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: results from a pivotal phase 3 study
Objective : The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of ospemifene , a new selective estrogen receptor modulator , in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women . Methods : A r and omized , double-blind phase 3 study in which 826 postmenopausal women were r and omized 1:1:1 to receive treatment with ospemifene 30 or 60 mg/day or placebo orally for 12 weeks was conducted . The primary inclusion criteria were having 5 % or less superficial cells on the vaginal smear ( maturation index ) , vaginal pH greater than 5.0 , and at least one moderate or severe symptom of vulvovaginal atrophy . The four co primary endpoints were the change from baseline to 12 weeks in the percentage of superficial and parabasal cells on the vaginal smear , change in vaginal pH , and change in severity of most bothersome symptom ( vaginal dryness or dyspareunia ) compared with placebo . All participants were given a nonhormonal vaginal lubricant for use as needed . Results : Ospemifene was statistically significantly superior to placebo in each of the co primary endpoints at the 60-mg dose . Statistically significant results were achieved for all co primary endpoints with the 30-mg dose except for dyspareunia .  Ospemifene was well tolerated at both doses and demonstrated a favorable safety profile . Conclusions : Ospemifene was shown to be effective and well tolerated for the treatment of the symptoms of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy over and above the use of provided lubricants
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .