Basal levels of hormones were mostly normal in athletes with OTS/FOR/NFOR compared with healthy athletes .
Distinctly , stimulation tests , mainly performed in maximal exercise conditions , showed blunted GH and ACTH responses in OTS/FOR/NFOR athletes , whereas cortisol and plasma catecholamines showed conflicting findings and the other hormones responded normally .
Conclusion Basal hormone levels are not good predictor but blunted ACTH and GH responses to stimulation tests may be good predictors of OTS/FOR/NFOR
Background Overtraining syndrome ( OTS ) , functional ( FOR ) and non-functional overreaching ( NFOR ) are conditions diagnosed in athletes with decreased performance and fatigue , triggered by metabolic , immune , hormonal and other dysfunctions and result ed from an imbalance between training stress and proper recovery .
Despite previous descriptions , there is a lack of a review that discloses all hormonal findings in OTS/FOR/NFOR .
The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether and which roles hormones play in OTS/FOR/NFOR .
Monitoring changes in performance, physiology, biochemistry, and psychology during overreaching and recovery in triathletes.
The present investigation compared responses in previously identified physiological , biochemical , and psychological markers of overreaching in triathletes . Sixteen experienced male triathletes ( .VO(2max ) [ mean + /- SD ] = 55.7 + /- 4.9 mL . kg ( -1 ) . min ( -1 ) , age = 31.3 + /- 11.7 yr ) were divided into matched groups according to physical and performance characteristics , and were r and omly assigned to either intensified training ( IT ) or normal training ( NT ) groups . Physiological , biochemical , and psychological measures were taken at baseline , following four weeks of overload training and following a two-week taper . The IT group completed 290 % greater physical training load than the NT group during the overload period . The subjects completed a 3-km run time trial ( 3-km RTT ) each week in order to assess the time course of change in endurance performance . 3-km RTT performance was significantly reduced ( 3.7 + /- 7.5 % ; p < 0.05 ) following four weeks of overload training in the IT group confirming a state of overreaching . During the same period , 3-km RTT performance significantly improved in the NT group ( 3.0 + /- 1.1 % ; p < 0.05 ) . Following the two-week taper , 3-km RTT performance significantly improved in the IT group ( 7.0 + /- 5.6 % ; p < 0.05 ) . Hemoglobin concentration significantly decreased and urea increased in both groups during the overload period ( p < 0.05 ) . During the taper hemoglobin normalized with a greater increase in the IT group compared to the NT group ( p < 0.05 ) . A significant increase in free testosterone to cortisol ratio was also observed in the IT group compared to the NT group during the taper ( p < 0.05 ) . No significant changes were observed for any other biochemical variables during the period of investigation . The RESTQ-76 Sport question naire showed an impaired recovery-stress state with increased training load , which improved following the taper in the IT group ( p < 0.05 ) . These present results suggest that none of the physiological and biochemical variables measured in this study were effective for the early identification of overreaching in experienced triathletes . However , the RESTQ-76 Sport question naire may provide a practical tool for recognizing overreaching in its early stages . These findings have implication s for monitoring training status in athletes in a practical training setting
Basal levels of hormones were mostly normal in athletes with OTS/FOR/NFOR compared with healthy athletes .
Distinctly , stimulation tests , mainly performed in maximal exercise conditions , showed blunted GH and ACTH responses in OTS/FOR/NFOR athletes , whereas cortisol and plasma catecholamines showed conflicting findings and the other hormones responded normally .
Conclusion Basal hormone levels are not good predictor but blunted ACTH and GH responses to stimulation tests may be good predictors of OTS/FOR/NFOR
Background Overtraining syndrome ( OTS ) , functional ( FOR ) and non-functional overreaching ( NFOR ) are conditions diagnosed in athletes with decreased performance and fatigue , triggered by metabolic , immune , hormonal and other dysfunctions and result ed from an imbalance between training stress and proper recovery .
Despite previous descriptions , there is a lack of a review that discloses all hormonal findings in OTS/FOR/NFOR .
The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether and which roles hormones play in OTS/FOR/NFOR .