Conclusion Overall , our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury , and strongly suggest that strength , on average , recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury
Background An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury .
Objective The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event .
Protease supplementation improves muscle function after eccentric exercise.
UNLABELLED Protease supplementation has been purported to reduce the damaging effects of eccentric exercise and accelerate recovery of muscle function , possibly by regulating inflammation . PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of protease supplementation in attenuating eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammation . METHODS After st and ard physical and hemodynamic assessment and fasting venous blood sample s , subjects performed isokinetic extension/flexion of the quadriceps group on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer at 60 ° ·s(-1 ) , followed by VO2max testing . Subjects were r and omly assigned to consume 5.83 g daily of either a cellulose placebo  ( N = 15 ; 22.27 ± 3.33 yr , 71.17 ± 2.91 inches , 179.4 ± 24.05 lb , 50.55 ± 5.66 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1 ) ) or a proteolytic supplement containing fungal proteases , bromelain , and papain ( N = 14 ; 22.85 ± 5.9 yr , 70.0 ± 2.67 inches , 173.11 ± 29.94 lb , 49.69 ± 6.15 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1 ) ) for a period of 21 d. After the supplementation period , subjects donated blood sample s before performing a 45-min downhill ( -17.5 % ) treadmill protocol at 60 % of VO2max . An additional four blood draws and three muscle function tests were performed during the next 48 h. Blood was analyzed using st and ard hematology and clinical chemistry , enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , and bead array . Blood data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance ( MANOVA ) with repeated measures , whereas Biodex data were analyzed using a MANOVA on % Δ values . RESULTS Significant group differences ( T1-T3 , P = 0.033 ; T1-T4 , P = 0.043 ) and another strong trend ( T1 - 3 h , P = 0.055 ) were observed for flexion ( peak torque % Δ at 60 ° ·s(-1 ) ) indicating higher force production in the protease group . Significant group × time interactions ( P < 0.05 ) were observed , including elevations in circulating eosinophils and basophils in the protease group coinciding with lower levels of serum cyclooxygenase 2 , interleukin 6 , and interleukin 12 in this group . CONCLUSIONS Protease supplementation seems to attenuate muscle strength losses after eccentric exercise by regulating leukocyte activity and inflammation
Conclusion Overall , our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury , and strongly suggest that strength , on average , recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury
Background An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury .
Objective The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event .