Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
The Impact of School Tobacco Policies on Student Smoking in Washington State, United States and Victoria, Australia
This paper measures tobacco polices in statewide representative sample s of secondary and mixed schools in Victoria , Australia and Washington , US ( N = 3,466 students from 285 schools ) and tests their association with student smoking . Results from confounder-adjusted r and om effects ( multi-level ) regression models revealed that the odds of student perception of peer smoking on school grounds are decreased in schools that have strict enforcement of policy ( odds ratio ( OR ) = 0.45 ; 95 % CI : 0.25 to 0.82 ; p = 0.009 ) . There was no clear evidence in this study that a comprehensive smoking ban , harsh penalties , remedial penalties , harm minimization policy or abstinence policy impact on any of the smoking outcomes
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .