Conclusion Exercises and PA promotion according to public health recommendations  for PA improved cardiovascular fitness , muscle strength and PA behaviour , with moderate effect sizes in people with SpA , RA and HOA/KOA .
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity ( PA ) promotion on cardiovascular fitness , muscle strength , flexibility , neuromotor performance ( eg , balance ) and daily PA in people with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , spondyloarthritis ( SpA ) and hip/knee osteoarthritis ( HOA/KOA ) .
Hip strengthening reduces symptoms but not knee load in people with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment: a randomised controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE To determine whether hip abductor and adductor muscle strengthening reduces medial compartment knee load and improves symptoms in people with medial tibiofemoral OA and varus malalignment . METHODS In a r and omised controlled trial , 89 participants were r and omly allocated to a hip strengthening group or to a control group with no intervention . The strengthening group performed a physiotherapist-supervised home exercise program targeting the hip abductor and adductor muscles for 12 weeks . The primary outcome was the peak external knee adduction moment measured using three-dimensional gait analysis by a blinded assessor . Secondary outcomes included a pain numeric rating scale , Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index , step test , stair climb test , maximum isometric strength of hip and quadriceps muscles and participant-perceived rating of overall change . Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear regression modelling adjusting for baseline outcomes and other characteristics . RESULTS The trial was completed by 76/89 participants ( 85 % ) . There was no significant between-group difference in change in the knee adduction moment [ mean difference ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ) 0.134 ( -0.069 to 0.337 ) Nm/BW x HT% ] . All pain , physical function and muscle strength measures showed significantly greater improvement in the strengthening group ( all P<0.05 ) . The relative risk ( 95 % CI ) of participant-perceived overall improvement in the strengthening group compared to the control group was 20.02 ( 6.21 - 64.47 ) . CONCLUSIONS Although strengthening the hip muscles improved symptoms and function in this patient group , it did not affect medial knee load as measured by the knee adduction moment . Thus it is unlikely that hip muscle strengthening influences structural disease progression . TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTR12607000001493
Conclusion Exercises and PA promotion according to public health recommendations  for PA improved cardiovascular fitness , muscle strength and PA behaviour , with moderate effect sizes in people with SpA , RA and HOA/KOA .
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity ( PA ) promotion on cardiovascular fitness , muscle strength , flexibility , neuromotor performance ( eg , balance ) and daily PA in people with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , spondyloarthritis ( SpA ) and hip/knee osteoarthritis ( HOA/KOA ) .