Results The FreKAQ-J had acceptable internal consistency , unidimensionality , good test-retest reliability , and was functional on the category rating scale .
The FreKAQ-J was significantly correlated with pain in motion , disability , pain-related catastrophizing , fear of movement , and anxiety symptomatology .
Conclusions We developed FreKAQ-J by modifying the FreBAQ-J. The FreKAQ-J fits the Rasch measurement model well and is suitable for use in people with knee OA .
Background Recent systematic review s have demonstrated that pain associated with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) is a complex phenomenon that involves various contributors .
People with knee OA exhibit symptoms of impaired body-perception , including reduced tactile acuity , impairments in limb laterality recognition , and de grade d proprioceptive acuity .
The Fremantle Back Awareness Question naire ( FreBAQ ) was developed to assess body-perception specific to the back in people with chronic low back pain .
The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a knee-specific version of the FreBAQ-J ( FreKAQ-J ) , determine whether people with knee pain experience perceptual impairments and investigate the relationship between disturbed self-perception and clinical status .
Bath thermal waters in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease associated with pain , reduced range of motion , and impaired function . Balneotherapy or bathing in thermal or mineral waters is used as a non-invasive treatment for various rheumatic diseases . AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of hot sulfurous and non-sulfurous waters in the treatment of  knee osteoarthritis  . DESIGN A r and omized , assessor-blind , controlled trial . SETTING A spa resort . POPULATION One hundred and forty patients of both genders , mean age of 64.8±8.9 years , with knee osteoarthritis and chronic knee pain . METHODS Patients were r and omized into three groups : the sulfurous water ( SW ) group ( N.=47 ) , non-sulfurous water ( NSW ) group ( N.=50 ) , or control group ( N.=43 ) who received no treatment . Patients were not blinded to treatment allocation . Treatment groups received 30 individual thermal baths ( three 20-minute baths a week for 10 weeks ) at 37 - 39 ° C . The outcome measures were pain ( visual analog scale , VAS ) , physical function ( Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index , WOMAC ; Lequesne Algofunctional Index , LAFI ; Stanford Health Assessment Question naire , HAQ ) , and use of pain medication . Patients were assessed before treatment ( T1 ) , at treatment endpoint ( T2 ) , and two months post-intervention ( T3 ) . Intra- and intergroup comparisons were performed at a significance level of 0.05 ( P<0.05 ) . RESULTS A significant decrease in VAS pain scores ( pain during movement , at rest , and at night ) and use of pain medication , and improvement in WOMAC , LAFI and HAQ scores were observed from baseline to T2 and T3 within treatment groups ( P<0.001 ) , and between controls and both treatment groups at T2 and T3 ( P<0.001 ) . No significant differences in these variables were observed between treatment groups at T2 , but patients in the SW group reported less pain and better functional status than those in the NSW group at T3 , showing a lasting effect of sulfurous water baths . CONCLUSIONS Both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis ; however , sulfurous baths yielded longer-lasting effects than non-sulfurous water baths . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Baths in thermal waters , especially those in sulfurous waters , are effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Results The FreKAQ-J had acceptable internal consistency , unidimensionality , good test-retest reliability , and was functional on the category rating scale .
The FreKAQ-J was significantly correlated with pain in motion , disability , pain-related catastrophizing , fear of movement , and anxiety symptomatology .
Conclusions We developed FreKAQ-J by modifying the FreBAQ-J. The FreKAQ-J fits the Rasch measurement model well and is suitable for use in people with knee OA .
Background Recent systematic review s have demonstrated that pain associated with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) is a complex phenomenon that involves various contributors .
People with knee OA exhibit symptoms of impaired body-perception , including reduced tactile acuity , impairments in limb laterality recognition , and de grade d proprioceptive acuity .
The Fremantle Back Awareness Question naire ( FreBAQ ) was developed to assess body-perception specific to the back in people with chronic low back pain .
The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a knee-specific version of the FreBAQ-J ( FreKAQ-J ) , determine whether people with knee pain experience perceptual impairments and investigate the relationship between disturbed self-perception and clinical status .