Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta- analysis , neither intermittent nor daily dosing with st and ard doses of vitamin D alone was associated with reduced risk of fracture , but daily supplementation with both vitamin D and calcium was a more promising strategy
Importance Vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for the prevention of fracture , but previous r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) have reported conflicting results , with uncertainty about optimal doses and regimens for supplementation and their overall effectiveness .
Objective To assess the risks of fracture associated with differences in concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25[OH]D ) in observational studies and the risks of fracture associated with supplementation with vitamin D alone or in combination with calcium in RCTs .
Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and fracture risk: the EPIC-Oxford study.
The importance of vitamin D for bone health is well established , but few data exist on the relation between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of fracture . The authors examined this association within the EPIC-Oxford ( European Prospect i ve Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford cohort ) study of men and women in the United Kingdom ( 1993 - 1999 ) . Five years after recruitment , participants completed a follow-up question naire where fracture incidence was self-reported . Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured in 730 incident fracture cases and 1,445 matched controls . There was a clear association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and month of blood draw , the highest values being during the summer months . Among women , there were significant relations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age , body mass index , marital status , use of hormone therapy , physical activity , diet group , dietary intake of vitamin D , and alcohol . Similar relations were seen among men , although often they were nonsignificant because of smaller numbers . There was no evidence of an association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fracture risk for men or women ; the relative risks associated with a doubling of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 1.15 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.82 , 1.61 ) and 0.95 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.80 , 1.13 ) , respectively . These results were not affected by adjustment for potential confounders and were consistent across a number of subgroups
Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta- analysis , neither intermittent nor daily dosing with st and ard doses of vitamin D alone was associated with reduced risk of fracture , but daily supplementation with both vitamin D and calcium was a more promising strategy
Importance Vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for the prevention of fracture , but previous r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) have reported conflicting results , with uncertainty about optimal doses and regimens for supplementation and their overall effectiveness .
Objective To assess the risks of fracture associated with differences in concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25[OH]D ) in observational studies and the risks of fracture associated with supplementation with vitamin D alone or in combination with calcium in RCTs .