In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Effects of Sweetness and Energy in Drinks on Food Intake Following Exercise
Exercise is known to cause physiological changes that could affect the impact of nutrients on appetite control . This study was design ed to assess the effect of drinks containing either sucrose or high-intensity sweeteners on food intake following exercise . Using a repeated- measures design , three drink conditions were employed : plain water ( W ) , a low-energy drink sweetened with artificial sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame-K ( L ) , and a high-energy , sucrose-sweetened drink ( H ) . Following a period of challenging exercise ( 70 % VO2 max for 50 min ) , subjects consumed freely from a particular drink before being offered a test meal at which energy and nutrient intakes were measured . The degree of pleasantness ( palatability ) of the drinks was also measured before and after exercise . At the test meal , energy intake following the artificially sweetened ( L ) drink was significantly greater than after water and the sucrose ( H ) drinks ( p < 0.05 ) . Compared with the artificially sweetened ( L ) drink , the high-energy ( H ) drink suppressed intake by approximately the energy contained in the drink itself . However , there was no difference between the water ( W ) and the sucrose ( H ) drink on test meal energy intake . When the net effects were compared ( i.e. , drink + test meal energy intake ) , total energy intake was significantly lower after the water ( W ) drink compared with the two sweet ( L and H ) drinks . The exercise period brought about changes in the perceived pleasantness of the water , but had no effect on either of the sweet drinks . The remarkably precise energy compensation demonstrated after the higher energy sucrose drink suggests that exercise may prime the system to respond sensitively to nutritional manipulations . The results may also have implication s for the effect on short-term appetite control of different types of drinks used to quench thirst during and after exercise
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .