There was a significant heterogeneity for the impact of CLA  on CRP and IL-6 , but not TNF-α .
Conclusions This meta- analysis showed that CLA supplementation may increase inflammatory markers ( CRP and TNF-α ) .
Background / objectives Conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with attractive biological activities .
Numerous studies have been conducted on the inflammation-lowering effects of CLA in in vitro and animal models .
However , the effects of CLA treatment on the inflammatory markers in humans are controversial .
Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched canola oil increases adiponectin concentrations: a randomized crossover controlled intervention trial.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the effect of various dietary fatty acids on pro- and anti-inflammatory processes . We investigated the effect of 5 oils containing various amounts of alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA ) , linoleic acid ( LA ) , oleic acid ( OA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers and expression levels of key inflammatory genes and transcription factors in whole blood cells . METHODS AND RESULTS In a r and omized , crossover controlled nutrition intervention , 114 adult men and women with abdominal obesity and at least one other criterion for the metabolic syndrome consumed 5 experimental isoenergetic diets for 4 weeks each , separated by 4-week washout periods . Each diet provided 60 g/3000 kcal of different oils : 1 ) control corn/safflower oil blend ( CornSaff ; LA-rich ) , 2 ) flax/safflower oil blend ( FlaxSaff ; ALA-rich ) , 3 ) conventional canola oil ( Canola ; OA-rich ) , 4 ) high oleic canola oil ( CanolaOleic ; highest OA content ) , 5 ) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil ( CanolaDHA ; OA- and DHA-rich ) . Gene expression in whole blood cells was assessed in a subset of 62 subjects .  CanolaDHA increased plasma adiponectin concentrations compared with the control CornSaff oil treatment ( + 4.5 % , P = 0.04 ) and FlaxSaff ( + 6.9 % , P = 0.0008 ) . CanolaDHA also reduced relative expression levels of interleukin (IL)1B compared with CornSaff and Canola ( -11 % and -13 % , respectively , both P = 0.03 ) . High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations were lower after Canola than after FlaxSaff ( -17.8 % , P = 0.047 ) . CONCLUSION DHA-enriched canola oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects compared with polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant sources
There was a significant heterogeneity for the impact of CLA  on CRP and IL-6 , but not TNF-α .
Conclusions This meta- analysis showed that CLA supplementation may increase inflammatory markers ( CRP and TNF-α ) .
Background / objectives Conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with attractive biological activities .
Numerous studies have been conducted on the inflammation-lowering effects of CLA in in vitro and animal models .
However , the effects of CLA treatment on the inflammatory markers in humans are controversial .