AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Random effect modelling of patient-related risk factors in orthopaedic procedures: results from the Dutch nosocomial infection surveillance network 'PREZIES'.
In the Dutch surveillance for surgical site infections ( SSIs ) , data from 70277 orthopaedic procedures with 1895 SSIs were collected between 1996 and 2003 . The aims of this study were : ( 1 ) to analyse the trends in SSIs associated with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ; ( 2 ) to estimate patient-related risk factors for deep and superficial SSIs after all orthopaedic procedures , with special attention to primary total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) ; and ( 3 ) to analyse inherent differences in infection risk between hospitals . A r and om effect model was used to estimate the odds ratios of patient-related risk factors for developing an SSI , and to describe the distribution of the most widespread bacterial species responsible for SSIs among hospitals . Gram-positive organisms , mainly staphylococci , were the main cause of both deep ( 84.0 % ) and superficial SSIs ( 69.1 % ) after orthopaedic procedures . The percentage of SSIs after THA caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci decreased over the surveillance period , while the contribution of Staphylococcus aureus increased . Temporary elevations in the incidence of the most widespread pathogen species were observed within hospitals . Patient-related factors such as the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System risk index or age had little effect on the predictive power of the r and om effect models . This study underlines the usefulness of a r and om effect model , which adjusts risk estimates for r and om variation between hospitals , in a multicentre study on risk factors for SSIs
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .