Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .
Effect Of Nd:YAG laser and CO2 laser treatment on the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic.
OBJECTIVE this study evaluated the effect of surface treatments ( Nd : YAG laser , CO2 laser , Al203 airborne-particle abrasion , and silica-coating ) on the  zirconia-to-resin shear bond strength ( SBS ) .  METHOD AND MATERIAL S eighty-one Lava ( 3 M ESPE ) blocks ( 13 x 4 x 2 mm ) were embedded in acrylic resin , polished , and r and omly divided into three groups , which received the following surface treatments : no abrasion , Al203 airborne-particle abrasion ( 50 Μm ) , or silica-coating ( Cojet , 3 M ESPE ) . Each group was divided into three subgroups that were treated with Nd : YAG laser , CO2 laser , or no laser irradiation . Following application of a monomer phosphate-containing primer , cylinders of resin cement ( Panavia F , Kuraray ) ( n = 18 ) were built on the surface . SBS testing was carried out after 24 hours of storage in water . Surface roughness and topography ( SEM ) after treatments were evaluated . RESULTS according to ANOVA and Tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) , mean SBS after Nd : YAG laser treatment ranged from 14.09 to 16.20 MPa and was statistically higher than CO2 laser ( 6.24 to 10.51 MPa ) and no laser treatment ( 4.65 to 8.79 MPa ) . The Nd : YAG laser created more roughness on zirconia when compared to the CO2 laser and abrasion treatments . Silica-coating increased the SBS of lased and nonlased zirconia . Significant microcracks were found on specimens treated with CO2 . CONCLUSION Nd : YAG laser pretreatment , whether associated with abrasion methods or not , created consistent roughness on the zirconia surface and significantly increased zirconia SBS to Panavia F. Silica-coating could potentially increase the SBS of lased and nonlased zirconia . Significant microcracks were found on specimens treated with the CO2 laser
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .