Overall , we found data that support a negative relationship between obesity and various aspects of neurocognitive functioning , such as executive functioning , attention , visuo-spatial performance , and motor skill .
The existing literature is mixed on the effects among obesity , general cognitive functioning , language , learning , memory , and academic achievement .
Executive dysfunction is associated with obesity-related behaviors , such as increased intake , disinhibited eating , and less physical activity .
Physical activity is positively linked with motor skill .
Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically over the past few decades .
Although obesity has been linked to poorer neurocognitive functioning in adults , much less is known about this relationship in children and adolescents .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between obesity and obesity-related behaviors with neurocognitive functioning in youth .
Error‐related brain activation during a Go/NoGo response inhibition task
Inhibitory control and performance monitoring are critical executive functions of the human brain . Lesion and imaging studies have shown that the inferior frontal cortex plays an important role in inhibition of inappropriate response . In contrast , specific brain areas involved in error processing and their relation to those implicated in inhibitory control processes are unknown . In this study , we used a r and om effects model to investigate  error‐related brain activity  associated with failure to inhibit response during a  Go/NoGo task .  Error‐related brain activation was observed in the rostral aspect of the right anterior cingulate ( BA 24/32 ) and adjoining medial prefrontal cortex , the left and right insular cortex and adjoining frontal operculum ( BA 47 ) and left precuneus/posterior cingulate ( BA 7/31/29 ) . Brain activation related to response inhibition and competition was observed bilaterally in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( BA 9/46 ) , pars triangularis region of the inferior frontal cortex ( BA 45/47 ) , premotor cortex ( BA 6 ) , inferior parietal lobule ( BA 39 ) , lingual gyrus and the cau date , as well as in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex ( BA 24 ) . These findings provide evidence for a distributed error processing system in the human brain that overlaps partially , but not completely , with brain regions involved in response inhibition and competition . In particular , the rostal anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate/precuneus as well as the left and right anterior insular cortex were activated only during error processing , but not during response competition , inhibition , selection , or execution . Our results also suggest that the brain regions involved in the error processing system overlap with brain areas implicated in the formulation and execution of articulatory plans . Hum . Brain Mapping 12:131–143 , 2001 . © 2001 Wiley‐Liss ,
Overall , we found data that support a negative relationship between obesity and various aspects of neurocognitive functioning , such as executive functioning , attention , visuo-spatial performance , and motor skill .
The existing literature is mixed on the effects among obesity , general cognitive functioning , language , learning , memory , and academic achievement .
Executive dysfunction is associated with obesity-related behaviors , such as increased intake , disinhibited eating , and less physical activity .
Physical activity is positively linked with motor skill .
Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically over the past few decades .
Although obesity has been linked to poorer neurocognitive functioning in adults , much less is known about this relationship in children and adolescents .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between obesity and obesity-related behaviors with neurocognitive functioning in youth .