iPhone measurements correlated well with scoliometer measurements .
2D photography results had a moderate to high correlation with 3D topography results .
Conclusions Overall , strong levels of evidence exist for iPhone and scoliometer measurements , with a high to very high reliability and moderate to very high validity .
Limited evidence exists for aesthetic tools TRACE and AI and 2D photography .
These results indicate there are accurate and reproducible anthropometric measures that are inexpensive and applicable in therapy setting s to assess postural asymmetry ; however , these only exist for measurement in the transverse plane , despite 3D characteristics of AIS .
Abstract Purpose As accurate and reproducible measurements of spinal curvature are crucial in the examination of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS ) , this systematic review aims to report on the reliability and validity of a range of inexpensive and easily administered anthropometric methods of postural asymmetry measurement in an AIS population , to inform practice in a clinical setting .
Validity and Reliability of the iPhone to Measure Rib Hump in Scoliosis
Study Design : This was a prospect i ve blinded validity and reliability analysis . Objective : The aim of this study was validation and reliability evaluation of the Scoligauge iPhone app . Background : The scoliometer is used to clinical ly measure the rib hump in scoliosis as a means to evaluate the axial trunk rotation . The increasing availability of smartphone with built-in accelerometer led to the development of a vast number of applications to measure angles . Of these , the Scoligauge mimics a scoliometer . The aim of this study was to compare the validity of the Scoligauge iPhone application without an associated adapter with the traditional scoliometer and to test the reliability of the application in a clinical setting . Methods : Two observers measured the rib hump deformity on 34 consecutive patients with idiopathic scoliosis with an average Cobb angle of 24.2±13.5 degrees ( range , 4 to 65 degrees ) . Measurements were made with an iPhone without the adapter and with a scoliometer . The validity as well as the interobserver and intraobserver reliability were calculated using the intraclass coefficient ( ICC ) and the Bl and -Altman test . Results : The mean difference between the scoliometer and the Scoligauge application was 0.4 degrees [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) of ±3.1 degrees ] with an ICC of 0.947 ( P<0.001 ) . The intraobserver and interobserver ICC were 0.961 ( P<0.001 ) and 0.901 ( P<0.001 ) , respectively . The mean intraobserver difference was 0.0 degrees ( 95 % CI of ±2.7 degrees ) and the mean interobserver difference was 0.1 degrees ( 95 % CI of ±4.4 degrees ) . Conclusions : The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Scoligauge iPhone app , as well as its validity compared with the scoliometer , are excellent . The mean differences between measurements are small and clinical ly not significant . Thus , the Scoligauge application is valid for clinical evaluation even without special adapter . Level of Evidence : Level I ( Diagnostic Study )
iPhone measurements correlated well with scoliometer measurements .
2D photography results had a moderate to high correlation with 3D topography results .
Conclusions Overall , strong levels of evidence exist for iPhone and scoliometer measurements , with a high to very high reliability and moderate to very high validity .
Limited evidence exists for aesthetic tools TRACE and AI and 2D photography .
These results indicate there are accurate and reproducible anthropometric measures that are inexpensive and applicable in therapy setting s to assess postural asymmetry ; however , these only exist for measurement in the transverse plane , despite 3D characteristics of AIS .
Abstract Purpose As accurate and reproducible measurements of spinal curvature are crucial in the examination of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS ) , this systematic review aims to report on the reliability and validity of a range of inexpensive and easily administered anthropometric methods of postural asymmetry measurement in an AIS population , to inform practice in a clinical setting .