Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .
Analgesic effect of the transdermal fentanyl patch during and after feline ovariohysterectomy.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of the transdermal fentanyl patch in relieving perioperative pain and stress associated with ovariohysterectomy in cats . STUDY DESIGN Prospect i ve laboratory trial . ANIMALS Twenty-four female , purpose -bred cats . METHODS Each cat was r and omly assigned to groups 1 - 3 . Group 1 received a 25-microg/h transdermal fentanyl patch only . Group 2 received the patch and anesthesia . Group 3 received anesthesia only . Patches were left in place for 72 hours . Rectal temperature , heart rate , respiratory rate , indirect blood pressure , blood glucose , serum cortisol concentration , plasma fentanyl concentration , pain score , and excitement/sedation score were monitored at prescribed intervals over an 81-hour period . Cats from groups 1 - 3 were reassigned to groups 4 and 5 . Group 4 received the patch , anesthesia , and an ovariohysterectomy . Group 5 received anesthesia and an ovariohysterectomy only . The study period and monitored parameters were the same as for groups 1 - 3 . RESULTS Serum cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in group 4 than group 5 during the surgical and early postsurgical time periods . A similar effect was noted in blood glucose concentrations during the surgical period . Rectal temperature was significantly higher in group 2 when comparing all anesthetized groups during the early postsurgical period . Pain scores were significantly higher in groups 4 and 5 than in groups 2 and 3 during the early postsurgical period . There was no significant difference in pain scores between groups 4 and 5 during this period , however . CONCLUSIONS The transdermal fentanyl patch affects biochemical markers of perioperative pain and stress associated with ovariohysterectomy in cats , attenuating rises in serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations during the surgical and early postsurgical periods . CLINICAL RELEVANCE The transdermal fentanyl patch is effective in alleviating perioperative pain and stress associated with ovariohysterectomy in cats as evidence d by attenuated rises in cortisol and blood glucose concentrations in cats that were operated on and treated with the patch
Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .