Through this review , we found two key health system barriers to effective T2DM care and management : financial constraints faced by the patient and limited access to health services and medication .
This review points to the importance of reducing , or possibly eliminating , out-of-pocket costs for diabetes medication and self-monitoring supplies .
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( T2DM ) is reported to affect one in 11 adults worldwide , with over 80 % of T2DM patients residing in low-to-middle-income countries .
Health systems play an integral role in responding to this increasing global prevalence , and are key to ensuring effective diabetes management .
We conducted a systematic review to examine the health system-level factors influencing T2DM awareness , treatment , adherence , and control .
Pharmacist's intervention in the control of blood sugar levels in randomised diabetes patients at a primary health care setting in Benin City.
BACKGROUND The extended roles of  pharmacists in Nigeria in the improvement of quality of health care at the primary health care ( PHC ) level is currently poorly executed even though pharmacists have been proven to be involved in interventional activities in health care delivery . OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacists ' intervention in the control of blood sugar levels of diabetes patients in a PHC setting in Benin City , Nigeria . METHODS At baseline , the fasting blood sugar ( FBS ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , body mass index ( BMI ) and blood pressure ( BP ) of r and omly selected 170 diabetic patients in a primary health care centre were evaluated . This was followed-up with intervention by the pharmacists through counselling on lifestyle modification , self-medication and drug adherence on monthly basis for three consecutive months after which the FBS , HbA1c , BMI and BP were re-evaluated . RESULTS indicated significant reduction in BMI , HbA1c and FBS from 27.1 + /- 4.2 kg/m2 , 8.1 + /- 3.0 % and 10.0 + /- 4.2 mmol/l to 23.5 + /- 3.5 kg/m2 , 7.1 + /- 1.8 % and 8.5 + /- 2.1 mmol/l , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) was observed following the intervention by the pharmacists . CONCLUSION Direct involvement of pharmacists in the care of diabetic patients in PHC setting s can significantly improve the quality of life provided to these patients and hence reduce mortality result ing from the disease . Recruitment of reasonable number of pharmacists should always be considered in health policies for PHC setting s in developing countries
Through this review , we found two key health system barriers to effective T2DM care and management : financial constraints faced by the patient and limited access to health services and medication .
This review points to the importance of reducing , or possibly eliminating , out-of-pocket costs for diabetes medication and self-monitoring supplies .
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( T2DM ) is reported to affect one in 11 adults worldwide , with over 80 % of T2DM patients residing in low-to-middle-income countries .
Health systems play an integral role in responding to this increasing global prevalence , and are key to ensuring effective diabetes management .
We conducted a systematic review to examine the health system-level factors influencing T2DM awareness , treatment , adherence , and control .