There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Impact of a school-based interdisciplinary intervention on diet and physical activity among urban primary school children: eat well and keep moving.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a school-based interdisciplinary health behavior intervention on  diet  and  physical activity  among children in grade s 4 and 5 . DESIGN A quasiexperimental field trial with 6 intervention and 8 matched control schools . Outcomes were assessed longitudinally using preintervention ( fall 1995 ) and follow-up ( spring 1997 ) student survey food frequency and activity measures and follow-up 24-hour recall measures of diet and activity . Change was also assessed using yearly repeated cross-sectional surveys of all grade 5 students from 1995 through 1997 . PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal data were collected from 479 students initially in grade 4 in Baltimore , Md , public schools ; 91 % were African American . Repeated 24-hour recall measures in 1997 were collected for a r and om sub sample of 336 students . Cross-sectional survey data were collected from all grade 5 students in 1995,1996 , and 1997 ( n = 2103 ) . INTERVENTION The Eat Well and Keep Moving Program was taught by classroom teachers over 2 years in math , science , language arts , and social studies classes . Material s provided links to school food services and families and provided training and wellness programs for teachers and other staff members . Intervention material s focused on decreasing consumption of foods high in total and saturated fat and increasing fruit and vegetable intake , as well as reducing television viewing and increasing physical activity . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary intake and physical activity measured via repeated 24-hour recall were primary end points , with additional food frequency and activity measures . RESULTS The 24-hour recall measures indicated that , after controlling for baseline covariates , the percentages of total energy from fat and saturated fat were reduced among students in intervention compared with control schools ( -1.4 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -2.8 to -0.04 ; P = .04 and -0.60 % ; 95 % CI , -1.2 to -0.01 ; P = .05 ) . There was an increase in fruit and vegetable intake ( 0.36 servings/4184 kJ ; 95 % CI , 0.10 - 0.62 ; P=.01 ) , in vitamin C intake ( 8.8 mg/4184 kJ ; 95 % CI , 2.0 - 16 ; P=.01 ) , and in fiber consumption ( 0.7 g/4184 kJ ; 95 % CI , 0.0 - 1.4 ; P=.05 ) . Television viewing was marginally reduced ( -0.55 h/d ; 95 % CI , -1.04 to 0.04 ; P=.06 ) . Analysis of longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional food frequency data indicated similar significant decreases in the percentages of total energy from fat and saturated fat . CONCLUSION Evaluation of the Eat Well and Keep Moving Program indicates effectiveness in improving dietary intake of students and reducing television viewing
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .