Conclusions Study -level data from this systemic review establish that different lipid lowering agents can lead to discordance between LDL-P and LDL-C , therefore , basing LDL-lowering therapy only on the achievement of cholesterol goals may result in a treatment gap .
Therefore , the use of LDL-P for monitoring lipid-lowering therapy , particularly for statins , can provide a more accurate assessment of residual cardiovascular risk
Purpose This systematic review was performed to summarize published experience using low density lipoprotein particle number ( LDL-P ) to monitor the efficacy of  lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies .
Initial combination therapy with metformin and colesevelam for achievement of glycemic and lipid goals in early type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with metformin plus colesevelam in patients with early type 2 diabetes . METHODS In this 16-week , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , adults with type 2 diabetes ( hemoglobin A1c [ A1C ] values of 6.5 % to 10.0 % ) and hypercholesterolemia ( low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [ LDL-C ] levels > or = 100 mg/dL ) were r and omly assigned ( 1:1 ) to colesevelam ( 3.75 g/d ) or placebo in combination with open-label metformin ( 850 mg/d ; uptitrated at week 2 to 1,700 mg/d ) . The primary efficacy evaluation was change in A1C from baseline to study end ( week 16 with last observation carried forward ) . RESULTS In total , 286 patients were r and omized :  metformin/colesevelam ( n = 145 ) or metformin/placebo ( n = 141 ) . Mean A1C was reduced by 1.1 % with metformin/colesevelam ( from 7.8 % at baseline to 6.6 % at study end ) and by 0.8 % with metformin/placebo ( from 7.5 % to 6.7 % ) , result ing in a treatment difference of -0.3 % at study end ( P = .0035 ) . In addition , metformin/colesevelam significantly reduced LDL-C ( -16.3 % ) , total cholesterol ( -6.1 % ) , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( -8.3 % ) , apolipoprotein B ( -8.0 % ) , and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( -17 % ) and increased apolipoprotein A-I ( + 4.4 % ) and triglycerides ( + 18.6 % ) versus metformin/placebo ( P<.01 for all ) . The proportions of patients who achieved recommended goals with metformin/colesevelam versus metformin/placebo , respectively , were as follows : A1C < 7.0 % ( 67 % versus 56 % [ P = .0092 ] ) , LDL-C < 100 mg/dL ( 48 % versus 18 % [ P<.0001 ] ) , and composite A1C < 7.0 % + LDL-C < 100 mg/dL ( 40 % versus 12 % [ P<.0001 ] ) . Safety and tolerability were similar between the treatment groups . CONCLUSION Metformin plus colesevelam may be a valid option for initial therapy to achieve glycemic and lipid goals safely in early type 2 diabetes
Conclusions Study -level data from this systemic review establish that different lipid lowering agents can lead to discordance between LDL-P and LDL-C , therefore , basing LDL-lowering therapy only on the achievement of cholesterol goals may result in a treatment gap .
Therefore , the use of LDL-P for monitoring lipid-lowering therapy , particularly for statins , can provide a more accurate assessment of residual cardiovascular risk
Purpose This systematic review was performed to summarize published experience using low density lipoprotein particle number ( LDL-P ) to monitor the efficacy of  lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies .