The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .
The Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery on Dietary Intake, Food Preferences, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Post-Surgical Morbidly Obese Lebanese Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Background Data on gastrointestinal ( GI ) and dietary changes following bariatric surgery are scarce in the Middle Eastern region . The objective of this work was to retrospectively compare dietary intake , food preferences , and GI symptoms in subjects with extreme obesity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) and sleeve gastrectomy ( SG ) . Methods Sixty subjects equally divided between RYGB and SG with a postoperative period of ≥6 months were recruited for a retrospective , non-r and omized , and observational study . All subjects completed three question naires ( GI symptoms , food preferences , and quantitative food frequency question naire ( FFQ ) ) and three 24-h recalls . Results At one year postoperatively , both surgical groups showed similar percentage of excess weight loss that exceeded 50 % . In addition , percentage of carbohydrate , protein , and sugar intake from total energy , frequency of daily consumption from the eight food categories and daily energy intake were comparable between surgical groups . RYGB subjects consumed significantly more fruits and juices from total energy ( P < 0.05 ) whereas SG subjects tended to consume more sweets and desserts . Heartburn ( P < 0.001 ) , regurgitation ( P < 0.01 ) , nausea ( P < 0.01 ) , vomiting ( P < 0.001 ) , and constipation ( P < 0.05 ) were significantly more frequent among SG subjects . Flatulence ( P < 0.001 ) and diarrhea ( P < 0.05 ) , as well as dizziness ( P < 0.001 ) , and fast heartbeat ( P < 0.05 ) after eating were significantly more frequent after RYGB . Conclusions There were no major differences in dietary intake and food preferences between RYGB and SG groups . There was a trend for sweet-eating in SG subjects with less dumping symptoms to suggest different mechanisms of action for each procedure , which might impact eating behavior
The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .