Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Neurofeedback Intervention in Fibromyalgia Syndrome; a Randomized, Controlled, Rater Blind Clinical Trial
We design ed a r and omized , rater blind study to assess the efficacy of EEG Biofeedback ( Neurofeedback-NFB ) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome ( FMS ) . Eighteen patients received twenty sessions of NFB-sensory motor rhythm ( SMR ) treatment ( NFB group ) during 4 weeks , and eighteen patients were given 10 mg per day escitalopram treatment ( control group ) for 8 weeks . Visual Analog Scales for pain and fatigue , Hamilton and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory Scales , Fibromyalgia Impact Question naire and Short Form 36 were used as outcome measures which were applied at baseline and 2nd , 4th , 8th , 16th , 24th weeks . Mean amplitudes of EEG rhythms ( delta , theta , alpha , SMR , beta1 and beta2 ) and theta/SMR ratio were also measured in NFB group . All post-treatment measurements showed significant improvements in both of the groups ( for all parameters p < 0.05 ) . NFB group displayed greater benefits than controls ( for all parameters p < 0.05 ) . Therapeutic efficacy of NFB was found to begin at 2nd week and reached to a maximum effect at 4th week . On the other h and , the improvements in SSRI treatment were also detected to begin at 2nd week but reached to a maximum effect at 8th week . No statistically significant changes were noted regarding mean amplitudes of EEG rhythms ( p > 0.05 for all ) . However , theta/SMR ratio showed a significant decrease at 4th week compared to baseline in the NFB group ( p < 0.05 ) . These data support the efficacy of NFB as a treatment for pain , psychological symptoms and impaired quality of life associated with fibromyalgia
Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .