Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .
Rhythmic stepping exercise under cognitive conditions improves fall risk factors in community-dwelling older adults: Preliminary results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Objective : The purpose of this pilot trial was to evaluate whether a 24-week program of rhythmic stepping exercise ( RSE ) would be effective in improving physical function and reducing fear of falling  in older adults . Participants : Four units ( n = 52 ) r and omized into an RSE group ( two units , n = 25 ) and a non-rhythmic stepping exercise ( NRSE ) group ( two units , n = 27 ) participated in a pilot cluster r and omized controlled trial . Methods : Each exercise group received 60 min group training sessions once a week for 24 weeks . Measurement was based on the difference in physical functions between the RSE and NRSE groups . Results : Significant differences were observed between the two groups for locomotive function with significant group × time interaction . Relative risk was calculated as 2.778 ( 95 % CI : 1.030–7.492 ) for fear of falling for participants in the NRSE group compared with patients in the RSE group ( p = 0.037 ) . Conclusions : The results of this pilot trial suggest that the RSE program is more effective in improving locomotive function and fear of falling
Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .