Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .
Two weeks of overfeeding with candy, but not peanuts, increases insulin levels and body weight
Abstract Objective : To study the effects of snacking based on fast acting carbohydrates ( c and y ) or fat and protein ( peanuts ) in a prospect i ve r and omized , parallel intervention study . Methods : Basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) and cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and after hyper-alimentation by addition of 20kcal/kg ( 84kJ/kg ) body weight of either c and y or roasted peanuts , to the regular caloric intake , for two weeks in healthy subjects . Eleven men and 14 women completed the r and omized study . Results : Energy-intake increased similarly in the groups ( c and y : + 46.1±35 % , peanuts : + 46.8±28 % p=0.96 ) . Body-weight ( c and y : from 67.3±7.6 kg to 68.1±7.3 kg , p=0.01 , nuts : from 68.7±6.1 kg to 69.0±5.7 kg p=0.3 ) and waist circumference increased significantly only in the c and y group . At the end of the study LDL cholesterol ( c and y : 2.6±0.4mmol/l peanuts : 2.1±0.4mmol/l , p=0.005 ) and ApoB/ApoA-1-ratio ( c and y : 0.68±0.16 peanuts 0.53±0.11 , p=0.01 ) were higher in the c and y group than in the peanut group . On the other h and , BMR increased only in the peanut group ( c and y : from 6.657±1.1MJ/24h to 6.762±1.1MJ/24h , p=0.3 nuts : from 6.896±0.98MJ/24h to 7.256±1.1MJ/24h , p=0.02 ) . Conclusion : Two weeks of snacking based on peanuts does not cause the same negative metabolic effects as an isocaloric diet in which the snacking is based on short acting carbohydrates in the form of c and y in non-obese healthy subjects
Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .