None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .
Close adherence to a Mediterranean diet improves endothelial function in subjects with abdominal obesity.
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity ( AO ) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes , whereas the Mediterranean diet exerts a cardioprotective effect . OBJECTIVE We examined whether a close adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet improves endothelial function in individuals with AO . DESIGN We recruited 90 subjects with AO without cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes . Participants were r and omly assigned to the intervention or control group . Both groups were instructed to follow a Mediterranean-style diet for 2 mo . Subjects in the intervention group additionally had to follow a specific relevant daily and weekly food plan with close supervision by a dietitian and provision of basic foods .  Flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD ) , lipids , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and insulin resistance with the homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA-IR ) were measured . RESULTS After 2 mo , subjects in the intervention group increased their intake of total fat due to higher consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids as well as intakes of dietary fiber , vitamin C , and alcohol compared with the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . The intervention group also increased FMD ( 2.05 % ; 95 % CI : 0.97 , 3.13 % ) , whereas no effect was found in the control group ( -0.32 % ; 95 % CI : -1.31 , 0.67 % ) . Changes in lipids and CRP concentrations did not differ between the 2 groups , whereas diastolic blood pressure decreased in the intervention group ( -6.44 mm Hg ; 95 % CI : -8.57 , -4.31 mm Hg ) compared with the control group ( -0.76 mm Hg ; 95 % CI : -2.83 , 1.31 mm Hg ) . Finally , there was a trend for a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group compared with the control group ( P = 0.072 ) . CONCLUSION Close adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet achieved by close dietetic supervision improves endothelial function in subjects with AO
None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .