Baseline serum VD possibly influences the effect of VD repletion on inflammatory markers .
Risk of bias was present in most studies , thus supporting the need for higher quality studies in this area to more conclusively underst and the role VD supplementation has on inflammatory pathways
BACKGROUND Obesity induced low- grade chronic inflammation disrupts proper immune and metabolic function .
Vitamin D deficiency increases inflammation , which is associated with cardiometabolic risk .
This systematic review examines the association between oral vitamin D ( VD ) supplementation and circulating inflammatory biomarkers and glycemic outcomes from r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of overweight and /or obese adults .
Serum concentrations of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF soluble receptors in women with overweight and obesity.
The aims of the present study was to examine how overweight and obesity affect serum concentrations  nitric oxide ( NO ) metabolites and to determine whether there is association between serum concentrations tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF soluble receptors ( sTNF-R ) in subjects with overweight and obesity . The study groups involved 154 women : 102 obese ( 81 obese with body mass index [ BMI ] 30 to 40 kg/m2 and 21 obese with BMI > 40 kg/m2 ) , 24 overweight patients , and 28 lean controls .  Serum concentrations of NO metabolites and of TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors ( sTNF-R1 , sTNFR-2 ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) kits .  Serum concentration of insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) .  Plasma glucose , cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol , and triglicerydes were determined by enzymatic procedure . Body composition was determined by impedance analysis using Bodystat ( Douglas , British Isles ) . Serum concentrations of NO in the overweight group ( 35.1 + /- 12.1 micromol/L ) and the obese groups with BMI 30 to 40 kg/m2 ( 32.8 + /- 9.3 micromol/L ) and with BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 ( 33.3 + /- 8.5 micromol/L ) were significantly higher when compared to controls ( 28.2 + /- 8.1 micromol/L ) : P < .05 ; P < .01 , and P < .01 , respectively . There was no difference in levels of NO between the overweight group and both obese groups . Serum concentration of TNF-alpha was also significantly higher in the group with overweight ( 6.5 + /- 3.1 pg/mL ) , in the obese group with BMI 30 to 40 kg/m2 ( 6.8 + /- 3.1 pg/mL ) , and in the obese group with BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 ( 7.4 + /- 2.6 pg/mL ) when compared to controls ( 2.9 + /- 2.2 pg/mL ) : P < .00005 ; P < .00005 , and P < .0000001 , respectively . However , serum concentrations of sTNF-R1 and -R2 did not differ significantly between the overweight group , both obese groups , and controls . In conclusion , we observed increased serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and NO in overweight and obese women . It seems that there is an association between serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and NO ; however , this relationship depends on the degree of obesity
Baseline serum VD possibly influences the effect of VD repletion on inflammatory markers .
Risk of bias was present in most studies , thus supporting the need for higher quality studies in this area to more conclusively underst and the role VD supplementation has on inflammatory pathways
BACKGROUND Obesity induced low- grade chronic inflammation disrupts proper immune and metabolic function .
Vitamin D deficiency increases inflammation , which is associated with cardiometabolic risk .
This systematic review examines the association between oral vitamin D ( VD ) supplementation and circulating inflammatory biomarkers and glycemic outcomes from r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of overweight and /or obese adults .