The present review demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation result ed in small but nonsignificant improvements in muscle strength compared to control in postmenopausal women .
No significant effect was observed in mobility after vitamin D administration
BACKGROUND The results obtained from previous trials regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility  in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent .
This systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) aim ed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility in postmenopausal women .
Exercise and vitamin D in fall prevention among older women: a randomized clinical trial.
IMPORTANCE While vitamin D supplementation and exercise are recommended for prevention of falls for older people , results regarding these 2 factors are contradictory . OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of targeted exercise training and vitamin D supplementation in reducing falls and injurious falls among older women . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A 2-year r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled vitamin D and open exercise trial conducted between April 2010 and March 2013 in Tampere , Finl and . Participants were 409 home-dwelling women 70 to 80 years old . The main inclusion criteria were at least 1 fall during the previous year , no use of vitamin D supplements , and no contraindication to exercise . INTERVENTIONS Four study groups , including placebo without exercise , vitamin D ( 800 IU/d ) without exercise , placebo and exercise , and vitamin D ( 800 IU/d ) and exercise . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was monthly reported falls . Injurious falls and the number of fallers and injured fallers were reported as secondary outcomes . In addition , bone density , physical functioning ( muscle strength , balance , and mobility ) , and vitamin D metabolism were assessed . RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses showed that neither vitamin D nor exercise reduced falls . Fall rates per 100 person-years were 118.2 , 132.1 , 120.7 , and 113.1 in the placebo without exercise , vitamin D without exercise , placebo and exercise , and vitamin D and exercise study groups , respectively ; however , injurious fall rates were 13.2 , 12.9 , 6.5 , and 5.0 , respectively . Hazard ratios for injured fallers were significantly lower among exercisers with vitamin D ( 0.38 ; 95 % CI , 0.17 - 0.83 ) and without vitamin D ( 0.47 ; 95 % CI , 0.23 - 0.99 ) . Vitamin D maintained femoral neck bone mineral density and increased tibial trabecular density slightly . However , only exercise improved muscle strength and balance .  Vitamin D did not enhance exercise effects on physical functioning . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The rate of injurious falls and injured fallers more than halved with strength and balance training in home-dwelling older women , while neither exercise nor vitamin D affected the rate of falls . Exercise improved physical functioning . Future research is needed to determine the role of vitamin D in the enhancement of strength , balance , and mobility . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00986466
The present review demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation result ed in small but nonsignificant improvements in muscle strength compared to control in postmenopausal women .
No significant effect was observed in mobility after vitamin D administration
BACKGROUND The results obtained from previous trials regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility  in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent .
This systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) aim ed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility in postmenopausal women .