There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary activity in adolescent girls – The Incorporating More Physical Activity and Calcium in Teens (IMPACT) study
Background Lack of regular physical activity and consequent sub-optimal bone mass acquisition in youth has been implicated as a primary cause of adult-onset osteoporosis . IMPACT was a behavioral theory-based 1 1/2 year r and omized controlled field study aim ed at increasing bone accretion in middle school girls . The objective of this study was to determine the intervention effects of the IMPACT program upon key physical and sedentary activity endpoints among schools that participated in the IMPACT study . Endpoints examined included weight bearing physical activity ( WBPA ) ; moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) ; vigorous physical activity ( VPA ) ; MET ( metabolic equivalent ) – weighted WBPA and MVPA ; sedentary activity ; before/after-school physical activity ; and weekend physical activity . Methods Primary data analysis using a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted utilizing mixed model analysis of covariance . Data gathered from the IMPACT cohort from 2000–2002 were analyzed to determine baseline versus follow-up differences in activity endpoints . Confounders investigated included ethnicity , body mass index , menarcheal status , participation in 7th grade PE/athletics , friend/familial support and neighborhood safety . Results Follow-up means were higher for participating intervention schools relative to control schools for all physical activity variables but were statistically significant only for the following variables : daily minutes of vigorous physical activity ( mean difference between Intervention ( I ) and Control ( C ) = 6.00↑ minutes , 95 % CI = 5.82–6.18 , p = 0.05 ) , daily after school activity minutes ( mean difference between I and C = 8.95↑ minutes , 95 % CI = 8.69–9.21 , p = 0.04 ) , and daily weekend activity minutes ( mean difference between I and C = 19.00↑ minutes , 95 % CI = 18.40–19.60 , p = 0.05 ) . The intervention significantly reduced duration of student daily TV/Video watching ( mean difference between I and C = 12.11↓ minutes , 95 % CI = 11.74–12.48 , p = 0.05 ) and total daily sedentary activity minutes ( mean difference between I and C = 16.99↓ minutes , 95 % CI = 16.49–17.50 , p = 0.04 ) . Conclusion A well design ed and implemented school based health and physical activity intervention can result in a positive influence upon increasing physical activity levels and decreasing sedentary activity . Future interventions should consider a more structured intervention component to obtain significant changes in WBPA
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .