This systematic review highlights the effects of dairy products on muscle mass , muscle strength and body performance in the elderly population in the perspective of Ca , P , vitamin D and protein
The risk of sarcopenia increases with aging .
Malnutrition in the elderly population is an important risk factor for sarcopenia .
Calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , vitamin D and protein are key nutrients for the human body and affect muscle mass and quality .
Dairy products are rich in these nutrients , which implicates that dairy products might be ideal for elderly population .
The effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older women.
BACKGROUND The purpose of this double-blind r and omized clinical trial was to compare the relative effectiveness of a higher protein and conventional carbohydrate intake during weight loss on body composition and physical function in older women . METHODS Thirty-one overweight or obese , postmenopausal women ( mean ± SD : age 65.2 ± 4.6 years , body mass index 33.7 ± 4.9 kg/m(2 ) ) were prescribed a reduced calorie diet ( 1,400 kcal/day ; 15 % , 65 % , 30 % energy from protein , carbohydrate , and fat , respectively ) and r and omly assigned to 2 × 25 g/day whey protein ( PRO n = 15 ) or maltodextrin ( CARB n = 16 ) supplementation for 6 months  . Lean soft tissue ( LST ) via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; thigh muscle , subcutaneous adipose tissue ( SAT ) , and intermuscular adipose tissue with magnetic resonance imaging ; knee strength with isokinetic dynamometry ; balance and physical function with a battery of performance tests . RESULTS PRO lost more weight than CARB ( -8.0 % ± 6.2 % , -4.1 % ± 3.6 % , p = .059 ; respectively ) . Changes in LST , % LST , and strength , balance , or physical performance measures did not differ between groups ( all p > .05 ) . Weight to leg LST ratio improved more in PRO versus CARB ( -4.6 ± 3.6 % , -1.8 ± 2.6 % , p = .03 ) . PRO lost 4.2 % more muscle ( p = .01 ) , 10.9 % more SAT ( p = .02 ) , and 8.2 % more intermuscular adipose tissue ( p = .03 ) than CARB . Relative to thigh volume changes , PRO gained 5.8 % more muscle ( p = .049 ) and lost 3.8 % greater SAT ( p = .06 ) than CARB . Weight to leg LST ratio ( r(2 ) = .189 , p = .02 ) and SAT ( r(2 ) = .163 , p = .04 ) predicted improved up and go , relative muscle ( r(2 ) = .238 , p = .01 ) and SAT ( r(2 ) = .165 , p = .04 ) predicted improved transfer test , and % LST predicted improved balance ( r(2 ) = .179 , p = .04 ) . CONCLUSIONS A higher protein intake during caloric restriction maintains muscle relative to weight lost , which in turn enhances physical function in older women
This systematic review highlights the effects of dairy products on muscle mass , muscle strength and body performance in the elderly population in the perspective of Ca , P , vitamin D and protein
The risk of sarcopenia increases with aging .
Malnutrition in the elderly population is an important risk factor for sarcopenia .
Calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , vitamin D and protein are key nutrients for the human body and affect muscle mass and quality .
Dairy products are rich in these nutrients , which implicates that dairy products might be ideal for elderly population .