Discussion The results of this systematic review have the potential to benefit thous and s of patients worldwide as well as healthcare systems and healthcare economy .
Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia of the heart with a prevalence of approximately 2 % in the western world .
Atrial flutter , another arrhythmia , occurs less often with an incidence of approximately 200,000 new patients per year in the USA .
Patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter have an increased risk of death and morbidities .
The management of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter is often based on interventions aim ing at either a rhythm control strategy or a rate control strategy .
The evidence on the comparable effects of these strategies is unclear .
This protocol for a systematic review aims at identifying the best overall treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter .
Prediction of uneventful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm from direct-current electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter.
The present study was undertaken to reassess prospect ively the immediate and long-term results of direct-current electrical cardioversion in chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter , and to determine factors predicting clinical outcome of the arrhythmia after direct-current cardioversion .  Two-hundred forty-six patients underwent direct-current electrical cardioversion  and were followed during a mean of 260 days . Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors predicting short- and long-term arrhythmia outcome . Cardioversion was achieved in 70 % of patients with atrial fibrillation and in 96 % of patients with atrial flutter . Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that arrhythmia duration ( p less than 0.001 ) , type of arrhythmia ( fibrillation vs flutter , p less than 0.02 ) and age ( p less than 0.05 ) independently influenced conversion rate . On an actuarial basis , 42 and 36 % of patients remained in sinus rhythm during 1 and 2 years , respectively . Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the type of arrhythmia ( p = 0.0008 ) , low precardioversion functional class ( p = 0.002 ) and the presence of nonrheumatic mitral valve disease ( p = 0.03 ) independently increased the length of the arrhythmia-free episode . Rheumatic heart disease shortened this period ( p = 0.03 ) . In conclusion , patients having a high probability of conversion together with a prolonged post-shock arrhythmia-free episode can be identified . This may improve the cost-benefit ratio of cardioversion
Discussion The results of this systematic review have the potential to benefit thous and s of patients worldwide as well as healthcare systems and healthcare economy .
Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia of the heart with a prevalence of approximately 2 % in the western world .
Atrial flutter , another arrhythmia , occurs less often with an incidence of approximately 200,000 new patients per year in the USA .
Patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter have an increased risk of death and morbidities .
The management of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter is often based on interventions aim ing at either a rhythm control strategy or a rate control strategy .
The evidence on the comparable effects of these strategies is unclear .
This protocol for a systematic review aims at identifying the best overall treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter .