In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .
Multivitamin-mineral use is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among women in the United States.
BACKGROUND Multivitamin-mineral ( MVM ) products are the most commonly used supplements in the United States , followed by multivitamin ( MV ) products . Two r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) did not show an effect of MVMs or MVs on cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) mortality ; however , no clinical trial data are available for women with MVM supplement use and CVD mortality . OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to examine the association between MVM and MV use and CVD-specific mortality among US adults without CVD . METHODS A nationally representative sample of adults from the restricted data NHANES III ( 1988 - 1994 ; n = 8678 ; age ≥40 y ) were matched with mortality data reported by the National Death Index through 2011 to examine associations between MVM and MV use and CVD mortality by using Cox proportional hazards models , adjusting for multiple potential confounders . RESULTS We observed no significant association between CVD mortality and users of MVMs or MVs compared with nonusers ; however , when users were classified by the reported length of time products were used , a significant association was found with MVM  use of > 3 y compared with nonusers ( HR : 0.65 ; 95 % CI : 0.49 , 0.85 ) . This finding was largely driven by the significant association among women ( HR : 0.56 ; 95 % CI : 0.37 , 0.85 ) but not men ( HR : 0.79 ; 95 % CI : 0.44 , 1.42 ) . No significant association was observed for MV products and CVD mortality in fully adjusted models . CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative data set with detailed information on supplement use and CVD mortality data ∼20 y later , we found an association between  MVM  use of > 3 y and reduced CVD mortality risk for women when models controlled for age , race , education , body mass index , alcohol , aspirin use , serum lipids , blood pressure , and blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin . Our results are consistent with the 1 available RCT in men , indicating no relation with MVM use and CVD mortality
In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .