Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .
Preoperative skin traction for fractures of the proximal femur. A randomised prospective trial.
We report the results of a r and omised trial to determine the effects of skin traction on 252 patients awaiting surgery for fractures of the proximal femur . They were allocated r and omly to be nursed free in bed or to receive Hamilton-Russell skin traction . No differences were found between the groups in terms of pain suffered , analgesia required , frequency of pressure sores or ease of operation . The application of skin traction to patients with fractures of the upper femur is time-consuming and we recommend therefore that its routine use should be discontinued
Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .