Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .
A placebo controlled trial of bupropion for smoking cessation in schizophrenia
BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients have high rates of cigarette smoking compared with the general population . We compared sustained-release ( SR ) bupropion with placebo for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenic disorders . We also examined how antipsychotic class predicts smoking cessation outcomes with bupropion . METHODS Thirty-two subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and nicotine dependence were r and omized to bupropion SR ( BUP , 300 mg/day ) or placebo ( PLA ) . Outcomes included treatment retention , smoking abstinence rates , expired breath carbon monoxide ( CO ) levels , psychotic symptoms , and medication side effects . RESULTS Bupropion significantly increased trial endpoint 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence rates compared with placebo [ BUP , 8/16 ( 50.0 % ) , PLA , 2/16 ( 12.5 % ) ; chi(2 ) = 5.24 , df = 1 , p < .05 ] , and reduced CO levels during the trial [ Medication x Time interaction ; Z = 3.09 , p < .01 ] . Positive schizophrenia symptoms were not altered by BUP , but negative symptoms were significantly reduced . Atypical antipsychotic drug treatment enhanced smoking cessation responses to BUP . Major side effects were dry mouth , gastrointestinal symptoms , headache , and insomnia . CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 1 ) BUP enhances smoking abstinence rates compared with PLA in nicotine-dependent schizophrenic smokers ; 2 ) BUP is well-tolerated and safe for use in these patients ; and 3 ) atypical antipsychotics may enhance smoking cessation outcomes with BUP
Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .