Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .
Validation of 2 pain scales for use in the pediatric emergency department.
OBJECTIVE To determine the construct , content , and convergent validity of 2 self-report pain scales for use in the untrained child in the emergency department ( ED ) . METHODS A prospect i ve study was conducted of all children who presented to an urban ED between 5 and 16 years of age inclusive after written informed consent was obtained . Children were excluded if they were intoxicated , had altered sensorium , were clinical ly unstable , did not speak English , or had developmental delays . Children marked their current pain severity on a st and ardized Color Analog Scale ( CAS ) and a 7-point Faces Pain Scale ( FPS ) . They were then asked whether their pain was mild , moderate , or severe . Children were then administered an analgesic at the discretion of the attending physician and asked to repeat these measurements . For assessing content validity , the scales were also administered to age- and gender-matched children in the ED for nonpainful conditions . Convergent validity was assessed by determining the Spearman correlation coefficient between the 2 pain scales . RESULTS A total of 60 children were enrolled , 30 with pain and 30 without , with a mean age of 9.3 + /- 3.3 years . Boys accounted for 38 of the enrollees ( 63.3 % ) . The median score before analgesic administration was 6.0 cm ( interquartile range [ IQR ] : 4.0 - 8.0 ) on the CAS and 3.0 faces ( IQR : 2.0 - 5.0 ) on the FPS ; after analgesic administration , the median scores decreased to 3.1 cm ( IQR : 1.1 - 4.3 ) and 2.0 faces ( IQR : 1.0 - 3.0 ) , respectively . As the reported pain intensity increased , so did the scores on the 2 pain scales . The 30 children with no pain had a median score on the CAS of 0.0 ( IQR : 0.0 - 1.0 ) and on the FPS of 0.0 ( IQR : 0.0 - 1.0 ) , whereas the 13 children with severe pain had a median CAS of 7.0 ( IQR : 6.0 - 8.0 ) and a median FPS of 5.0 ( IQR : 4.0 - 6.0 ) . The Spearman correlation coefficient between the CAS and the FPS was positive and strong ( r = 0.894 ) . CONCLUSION The CAS and the FPS exhibit construct , content , and convergent validity in the measurement of acute pain in children in the ED
Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .