No significant changes were observed for blood lipids , anthropometric measures , HbA1c and fasting glucose .
The present systematic review provides evidence for beneficial effects of long-term interventions administering a low glycemic index/load diet with respect to fasting insulin and pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein which might prove to be helpful in the primary prevention of obesity-associated diseases
AIM The aim of the present meta- analysis was to investigate the long-term effects of glycemic index-related diets in the management of obesity with a special emphasis on the potential benefits of low glycemic index/load ( GI/GL ) in the prevention of obesity-associated risks .
Effect of changing the amount and type of fat and carbohydrate on insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk: the RISCK (Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, and Kings) trial1234
BACKGROUND Insulin sensitivity ( Si ) is improved by weight loss and exercise , but the effects of the replacement of saturated fatty acids ( SFAs ) with monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) or carbohydrates of high glycemic index ( HGI ) or low glycemic index ( LGI ) are uncertain . OBJECTIVE We conducted a dietary intervention trial to study these effects in participants at risk of developing metabolic syndrome . DESIGN We conducted a 5-center , parallel design , r and omized controlled trial [ RISCK ( Reading , Imperial , Surrey , Cambridge , and Kings ) ] . The primary and secondary outcomes were changes in Si ( measured by using an intravenous glucose tolerance test ) and cardiovascular risk factors . Measurements were made after 4 wk of a high-SFA and HGI ( HS/HGI ) diet and after a 24-wk intervention with HS/HGI ( reference ) , high-MUFA and HGI ( HM/HGI ) , HM and LGI ( HM/LGI ) , low-fat and HGI ( LF/HGI ) , and LF and LGI ( LF/LGI ) diets . RESULTS We analyzed data for 548 of 720 participants who were r and omly assigned to treatment .  The median Si was 2.7 × 10(-4 ) mL · μU(-1 ) · min(-1 ) ( interquartile range : 2.0 , 4.2 × 10(-4 ) mL · μU(-1 ) · min(-1 ) ) , and unadjusted mean percentage changes ( 95 % CIs ) after 24 wk treatment ( P = 0.13 ) were as follows : for the HS/HGI group , -4 % ( -12.7 % , 5.3 % ) ; for the HM/HGI group , 2.1 % ( -5.8 % , 10.7 % ) ; for the HM/LGI group , -3.5 % ( -10.6 % , 4.3 % ) ; for the LF/HGI group , -8.6 % ( -15.4 % , -1.1 % ) ; and for the LF/LGI group , 9.9 % ( 2.4 % , 18.0 % ) . Total cholesterol ( TC ) , LDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein B concentrations decreased with SFA reduction . Decreases in TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were greater with LGI . Fat reduction lowered HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and B concentrations . CONCLUSIONS This study did not support the hypothesis that isoenergetic replacement of SFAs with MUFAs or carbohydrates has a favorable effect on Si . Lowering GI enhanced reductions in TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in subjects , with tentative evidence of improvements in Si in the LF-treatment group . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as IS RCT N29111298
No significant changes were observed for blood lipids , anthropometric measures , HbA1c and fasting glucose .
The present systematic review provides evidence for beneficial effects of long-term interventions administering a low glycemic index/load diet with respect to fasting insulin and pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein which might prove to be helpful in the primary prevention of obesity-associated diseases
AIM The aim of the present meta- analysis was to investigate the long-term effects of glycemic index-related diets in the management of obesity with a special emphasis on the potential benefits of low glycemic index/load ( GI/GL ) in the prevention of obesity-associated risks .