An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
Influence of surface treatment and simulated aging on bond strengths of luting agents to zirconia.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate short- and long-term shear bond strengths of 4 luting agents to zirconia following different surface treatments . METHOD AND MATERIAL S A total of 320 ceramic specimens fabricated from a commercial zirconium oxide ceramic ( Lava ) were r and omly divided into 4 groups : left untreated ( NOT ) , airborne-particle abraded ( SND ) , Rocatec tribochemical silica/silane coated ( ROC ) , or ground and polished ( GRD ) . Resin composite cylinders were bonded to the zirconia specimens with resin composite luting agent RelyX ARC ( ARC ) , universal adhesive resin composite RelyX Unicem ( UNI ) , adhesive-phosphate-monomer-containing resin composite Panavia F ( PAN ) , or the hybrid glass-ionomer cement RelyX Luting ( LUT ) .  Subgroups of 10 specimens were stored in distilled water ( 37 degrees C ) for 3 days ( ST ) or stored for 180 days and thermocycled for 12,000 cycles ( LT/TC ) before shear bond strength was tested . Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon 2- sample rank sum test ( alpha = .01 ) . RESULTS Short-term shear bond strengths were higher with ROC than with SND , which were both greater than GRD or NOT . UNI revealed higher shear bond strengths than PAN , ARC , and LUT . LT/TC significantly decreased shear bond strength values . GRD and NOT produced the lowest shear bond strengths . SND and ROC significantly increased bond strength . ROC generally yielded the highest long-term shear bond strength , especially with UNI , PAN , or ARC . These were similar to SND and PAN , which revealed the highest long-term shear bond strengths . CONCLUSIONS Surface treatment , luting agent , and storage conditions significantly influence shear bond strengths to zirconia . Artificial aging significantly reduces shear bond strengths . Airborne-particle abrasion combined with a resin composite containing adhesive phosphate monomers or tribochemical silica/silane coating combined with any of the tested resin composite luting agents provides superior long-term shear bond strength values
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .