Preoperative smoking status was not observed to be associated with postoperative mortality , cardiovascular complications , bleedings , anastomotic leakage , or allograft rejection .
CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of the following postoperative complications : general morbidity , wound complications , general infections , pulmonary complications , neurological complications , and admission to the intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type .
BACKGROUND The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complications are inconsistent , thus there is a need for a review and meta- analysis to summarize the existing evidence .
Crucial aspects of smoking in wound healing after breast reduction surgery.
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on wound-healing in patients undergoing breast reduction . METHODS In our prospect i ve study , 50 patients ( 25 smokers , 25 nonsmokers ) scheduled for breast reduction have been evaluated .  Urine cotinine levels  were measured to analyse perioperative smoking habits . Urine sample s were taken preoperatively and on the fourth postoperative day . Cotinine as a metabolite of nicotine allows precise evaluation of nicotine exposure . To assess the progress of woundhealing we classified secreting , instable , inflamed or necrotic wound conditions , which required a dressing after the tenth postoperative day as impaired wound healing . For statistical analysis non-parametrical tests for independent and dependent data were used . RESULTS Ten of 25 smokers presented impaired wound healing compared to 4 of 25 nonsmokers . The median cotinine level of smokers was 1964 (783/3963)ng/cc preoperatively and 432 (148/1695)ng/cc postoperatively . Nonsmokers had a preoperative cotinine level of 18 (7/37)ng/cc and 15 (4/34)ng/cc postoperatively . Smokers who developed impaired wound-healing showed higher levels of cotinine pre- ( 2117 ng/cc ) and especially postoperatively ( 485 ng/cc ) compared to smokers with regular woundhealing ( 1614 ng/cc and 389 ng/cc ) . Both differences in cotinine levels were statistically significant ( p=0.03 and p=0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS The data of the present study confirm the negative effect of smoking on wound healing in patients undergoing breast reduction
Preoperative smoking status was not observed to be associated with postoperative mortality , cardiovascular complications , bleedings , anastomotic leakage , or allograft rejection .
CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of the following postoperative complications : general morbidity , wound complications , general infections , pulmonary complications , neurological complications , and admission to the intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type .
BACKGROUND The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complications are inconsistent , thus there is a need for a review and meta- analysis to summarize the existing evidence .