Conclusion : Systemic changes to academic and funding structures could better support eHealth tool availability and may reduce potential for research waste .
Abstract Introduction : Numerous eHealth tools for pain assessment and management have been developed and evaluated with promising results regarding psychometric properties , efficacy , and effectiveness .
Although considerable re sources are spent on developing and evaluating these tools with the aim of increasing access to care , current evidence suggests they are not made available to end users , reducing their impact and creating potential research waste .
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Nonpharmacological Pain Management During Intravenous Cannulation in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Objectives  Intravenous ( IV ) cannulation  is commonly performed in pediatric emergency departments ( EDs ) . The busy ED environment is often not conducive to conventional nonpharmacological pain management . This study assessed the use of Ditto ( Diversionary Therapy Technologies , Brisbane , Australia ) , a h and held electronic device which provides procedural preparation and distraction , as a means of managing pain and distress during IV cannulation performed in the pediatric ED . Methods A r and omized controlled trial with 98 participants , aged 3 to 12 years , was conducted in a pediatric ED . Participants were recruited and r and omized into 5 intervention groups as follows : ( 1 ) St and ard Distraction , ( 2 ) PlayStation Portable Distraction , ( 3 ) Ditto Distraction , ( 4 ) Ditto Procedural Preparation , and ( 5 ) Ditto Preparation and Distraction .  Children 's pain and distress levels were assessed via self-reports and observational reports by caregivers and nursing staff across the following 3 time points : ( 1 ) before , ( 2 ) during , and ( 3 ) after IV cannulation . Results Caregivers and nursing staff reported significantly reduced pain and distress levels in children accessing the combined preparation and distraction Ditto protocol , as compared to st and ard distraction ( P ⩽ 0.01 ) . This intervention also saw the greatest reduction in pain and distress as reported by the child . Conclusions Caregiver reports indicate that using the combined Ditto protocol was most effective in reducing children 's pain experiences while undergoing IV cannulation in the ED . The use of Ditto offers a promising opportunity to negotiate barriers to the provision of nonpharmacological approaches encountered in the busy ED environment , and provide nonpharmacological pain-management interventions in pediatric EDs
Conclusion : Systemic changes to academic and funding structures could better support eHealth tool availability and may reduce potential for research waste .
Abstract Introduction : Numerous eHealth tools for pain assessment and management have been developed and evaluated with promising results regarding psychometric properties , efficacy , and effectiveness .
Although considerable re sources are spent on developing and evaluating these tools with the aim of increasing access to care , current evidence suggests they are not made available to end users , reducing their impact and creating potential research waste .