In the fixed effect model , the warming group had significantly less pain and lower incidence of wound infection , compared with the no-warming group .
In the r and om effect model , the warming group was also associated with lower risk of post-anesthetic shivering .
Both in the r and om and the fixed effect models , the warming group was associated with significantly less blood loss .
Perioperative warming of surgical patients is effective in reducing postoperative wound pain , wound infection and shivering .
Systemic warming of the surgical patient is also associated with less perioperative blood loss through preventing hypothermia-induced coagulopathy .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematic ally analyze the trials on the effectiveness of perioperative warming in surgical patients .
The Effect of Forced Air Warming on Postoperative Oxygen Consumption and Temperature in Elective Orthopaedic Surgery
Actively warming  patients during surgery is considered the best method of preventing inadvertent hypothermia . In order to investigate the effect of forced air warming on postoperative oxygen consumption , we studied 26 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery  using a prospect i ve , r and omized trial design . We measured oxygen consumption , carbon dioxide production , temperature , thermal comfort and pain scores . Apart from intraoperative temperature , there were no significant differences in these measurements between the two groups . This study demonstrated the gradual heat gain and also the potential for hyperthermia from pre- and intraoperative forced air warming . We conclude that forced air warming is not necessary for moderate duration non-body-cavity surgery if effective preinduction covering of patients and minimal surgical exposure is achieved
In the fixed effect model , the warming group had significantly less pain and lower incidence of wound infection , compared with the no-warming group .
In the r and om effect model , the warming group was also associated with lower risk of post-anesthetic shivering .
Both in the r and om and the fixed effect models , the warming group was associated with significantly less blood loss .
Perioperative warming of surgical patients is effective in reducing postoperative wound pain , wound infection and shivering .
Systemic warming of the surgical patient is also associated with less perioperative blood loss through preventing hypothermia-induced coagulopathy .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematic ally analyze the trials on the effectiveness of perioperative warming in surgical patients .