In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Sweetened Beverages, Coffee, and Tea and Depression Risk among Older US Adults
Sweetened beverages , coffee , and tea are the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages and may have important health consequences . We prospect ively evaluated the consumption of various types of beverages assessed in 1995–1996 in relation to self-reported depression diagnosis after 2000 among 263,923 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study .  Odds ratios ( OR ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were derived from multivariate logistic regressions . The OR ( 95 % CI ) comparing ≥4 cans/cups per day with none were 1.30 ( 95%CI : 1.17–1.44 ) for soft drinks , 1.38 ( 1.15–1.65 ) for fruit drinks , and 0.91 ( 0.84–0.98 ) for coffee ( all P for trend<0.0001 ) . Null associations were observed for  iced-tea  and hot tea . In stratified analyses by drinkers of primarily diet versus regular beverages , the ORs were 1.31 ( 1.16–1.47 ) for diet versus 1.22 ( 1.03–1.45 ) for regular soft drinks , 1.51 ( 1.18–1.92 ) for diet versus 1.08 ( 0.79–1.46 ) for regular fruit drinks , and 1.25 ( 1.10–1.41 ) for diet versus 0.94 ( 0.83–1.08 ) for regular sweetened iced-tea . Finally , compared to nondrinkers , drinking coffee or tea without any sweetener was associated with a lower risk for depression , adding artificial sweeteners , but not sugar or honey , was associated with higher risks . Frequent consumption of sweetened beverages , especially diet drinks , may increase depression risk among older adults , whereas coffee consumption may lower the risk
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .