This systematic review highlights the effects of dairy products on muscle mass , muscle strength and body performance in the elderly population in the perspective of Ca , P , vitamin D and protein
The risk of sarcopenia increases with aging .
Malnutrition in the elderly population is an important risk factor for sarcopenia .
Calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , vitamin D and protein are key nutrients for the human body and affect muscle mass and quality .
Dairy products are rich in these nutrients , which implicates that dairy products might be ideal for elderly population .
Serum phosphate and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Higher phosphate is associated with mortality in dialysis patients but few prospect i ve studies assess this in nondialysis patients managed in an outpatient nephrology clinic . This prospect i ve longitudinal study examined whether phosphate level was associated with death in a referred population . DESIGN , SETTING , PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS Patients ( 1203 ) of nondialysis chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency St and ards Implementation Study were assessed .  Survival analyses were performed for quartiles of baseline phosphate relative to GFR , 12-month time-averaged phosphate , and baseline phosphate according to published phosphate targets . RESULTS  Mean ( SD ) eGFR was 32 ( 15 ) ml/min per 1.73 m(2 ) , age 64 ( 14 ) years , and phosphate 1.2 ( 0.30 ) mmol/L. Cox multivariate adjusted regression in CKD stages 3 to 4 patients showed an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the highest quartile compared with that in the lowest quartile of phosphate . No association was found in CKD stage 5 patients . Patients who had values above recommended targets for phosphate control had increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death compared with patients below target . The highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of 12-month time-averaged phosphate was associated with an increased risk of mortality . CONCLUSIONS In CKD stages 3 to 4 patients , higher phosphate was associated with a stepwise increase in mortality . As phosphate levels below published targets ( as opposed to within them ) are associated with better survival , guidelines for phosphate in nondialysis CKD patients should be re-examined . Intervention trials are required to determine whether lowering phosphate will improve survival
This systematic review highlights the effects of dairy products on muscle mass , muscle strength and body performance in the elderly population in the perspective of Ca , P , vitamin D and protein
The risk of sarcopenia increases with aging .
Malnutrition in the elderly population is an important risk factor for sarcopenia .
Calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , vitamin D and protein are key nutrients for the human body and affect muscle mass and quality .
Dairy products are rich in these nutrients , which implicates that dairy products might be ideal for elderly population .