Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .
Executive function and endocrinological responses to acute resistance exercise
This study had the following two aims : First , to explore the effects of acute resistance exercise ( RE , i.e. , using exercise machines to contract and stretch muscles ) on behavioral and electrophysiological performance when performing a cognitive task involving executive functioning in young male adults ; Second , to investigate the potential biochemical mechanisms of such facilitative effects using two neurotrophic factors [ i.e. , growth hormone ( GH ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) ] and the cortisol levels elicited by such an exercise intervention mode with two different exercise intensities . Sixty young male adults were recruited and r and omly assigned to a high-intensity ( HI ) exercise group , moderate-intensity ( MI ) exercise group , and non-exercise-intervention ( NEI ) group . Blood sample s were taken , and the behavioral and electrophysiological indices were simultaneously measured when individuals performed a Go/No-Go task combined with the Erikson Flanker paradigm at baseline and after either an acute bout of 30 min of moderate- or high-intensity RE or a control period . The results showed that the acute RE could not only benefit the subjects ' behavioral ( i.e. , RTs and accuracy ) performance , as found in previous studies , but also increase the P3 amplitude . Although the serum GH and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased via moderate or high intensity RE in both the MI and HI groups , the increased serum levels of neurotrophic factors were significantly decreased about 20 min after exercise . In addition , such changes were not correlated with the changes in cognitive ( i.e. , behavioral and electrophysiological ) performance . In contrast , the serum levels of cortisol in the HI and MI groups were significantly lower after acute RE , and the changes in cortisol levels were significantly associated with the changes in electrophysiological ( i.e. , P3 amplitude ) performance . The findings suggest the beneficial effects of acute RE on executive functioning could be due to changes in arousal , possibly modulated by the serum cortisol levels
Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .