Under the conditions of these in vitro leakage studies , it is concluded that smear layer removal improves the fluid-tight seal of the root canal system whereas other factors such as the obturation technique or the sealer , did not produce significant effects
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether smear layer removal reduces leakage of obturated human teeth in vitro .
An in vitro comparison of adhesive systems to seal pulp chamber walls.
AIM To compare in vitro the sealing properties of five different dentine adhesive material s ( Prime&Bond NT ( PBNT ) ; Prompt L-Pop ( PLP ) ; Clearfil SE Bond ( CSEB ) ; Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus ( SMPP ) ; EBS-Multi ( EBSM ) ) inside the pulp chamber . METHODOLOGY Seventy-five recently extracted human molar teeth were used . The roof of the pulp chambers and roots were removed under water cooling . Pulp tissue was removed , and the canal orifices were sealed . The pulp chambers were then treated with 5 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) for 1 min . The teeth were r and omly divided into five groups of 15 teeth each . Adhesive systems were applied to the pulp chamber walls according to the manufacturers ' instructions . The sample s were connected to Plexiglass plates , and a fluid filtration method was used for quantitative evaluation of leakage . Measurements of fluid movement were made at 2-min intervals for 8 min . The quality of seal of each specimen was measured immediately , after 24 h , 1 week and 1 month . The data were statistically analysed by repeated- measurements multivariate anova , Friedman test , Wilcoxon signed rank test , Kruskal-Wallis of one-way anova and Mann-Whitney U-tests . The pulp chamber wall with and without NaOCl and resin-dentine interfaces of specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) . RESULTS The leakage values of the material s were significantly different at different measurement periods . In all groups , leakage values decreased with time ( P < 0.05 ) . PBNT and PLP had the least leakage during immediate measurements ( P < 0.05 ) . After 1 month , leakage of all adhesive systems was not significantly different ( P < 0.05 ) . SEM observation of pulp chamber walls demonstrated that the irregular dentine surface without smear layer was present in the nontreated group . However , NaOCl application removed the collagen fibrils leaving the dentine surface smooth . At resin-dentine interfaces of specimens , no hybridization zone was observed . CONCLUSIONS None of the material s had created a perfect seal to the pulp chamber walls . PBNT and PLP had better sealing over the short term , but over the long term , there were no differences between the material
Under the conditions of these in vitro leakage studies , it is concluded that smear layer removal improves the fluid-tight seal of the root canal system whereas other factors such as the obturation technique or the sealer , did not produce significant effects
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether smear layer removal reduces leakage of obturated human teeth in vitro .