Conclusions These findings suggest that the apps may not be suitable in meeting the complex needs associated with this condition .
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is a complex highly comorbid disorder , which can have a huge impact on those with ADHD , their family , and the community around them .
ADHD is currently managed using pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions .
However , with advances in technology and an increase in the use of mobile apps , managing ADHD can be augmented using apps specifically design ed for this population .
However , little is known regarding the suitability and usability of currently available apps .
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the suitability of the top 10 listed apps for children and young people with ADHD and clinicians who work with them .
It is hypothesized that mobile apps design ed for this population could be more suitably design ed for this population .
Young adult outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled 10-year follow-up study.
BACKGROUND Our objective was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of psychopathology in a sample of youth with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) through young adulthood using contemporaneous diagnostic and analytic techniques . METHOD We conducted a case-control , 10-year prospect i ve study of ADHD youth . At baseline , we assessed consecutively referred male , Caucasian children with ( n=140 ) and without ( n=120 ) DSM-III-R ADHD , aged 6 - 18 years , ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources to allow for generalizability of results . At the 10-year follow-up , 112 ( 80 % ) and 105 ( 88 % ) of the ADHD and control children , respectively , were reassessed ( mean age 22 years ) . We created the following categories of psychiatric disorders : Major Psychopathology ( mood disorders and psychosis ) , Anxiety Disorders , Antisocial Disorders ( conduct , oppositional-defiant , and antisocial personality disorder ) , Developmental Disorders ( elimination , language , and tics disorder ) , and Substance Dependence Disorders ( alcohol , drug , and nicotine dependence ) , as measured by blinded structured diagnostic interview . RESULTS The lifetime prevalence for all categories of psychopathology were significantly greater in ADHD young adults compared to controls , with hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of 6.1 ( 3.5 - 10.7 ) , 2.2 ( 1.5 - 3.2 ) , 5.9 ( 3.9 - 8.8 ) , 2.5 ( 1.7 - 3.6 ) , and 2.0 ( 1.3 - 3.0 ) , respectively , for the categories described above . CONCLUSIONS By their young adult years , ADHD youth were at high risk for a wide range of adverse psychiatric outcomes including markedly elevated rates of antisocial , addictive , mood and anxiety disorders . These prospect i ve findings provide further evidence for the high morbidity associated with ADHD across the life-cycle and stress the importance of early recognition of this disorder for prevention and intervention strategies
Conclusions These findings suggest that the apps may not be suitable in meeting the complex needs associated with this condition .
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is a complex highly comorbid disorder , which can have a huge impact on those with ADHD , their family , and the community around them .
ADHD is currently managed using pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions .
However , with advances in technology and an increase in the use of mobile apps , managing ADHD can be augmented using apps specifically design ed for this population .
However , little is known regarding the suitability and usability of currently available apps .
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the suitability of the top 10 listed apps for children and young people with ADHD and clinicians who work with them .
It is hypothesized that mobile apps design ed for this population could be more suitably design ed for this population .