Community-based programmes achieved good results for most risk factors except BMI and ( glycated haemoglobin ) HbA1c .
INTRODUCTION Although cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) prevention programmes have been effective in urban residents , their effectiveness in non-urban setting s , where cardio-metabolic risk is typically elevated , is unknown .
We systematic ally review ed the effectiveness of primary prevention programmes aim ed at reducing risk factors for CVD/T2DM , including blood pressure , body mass index ( BMI ) , blood lipid and glucose , diet , lifestyle , and knowledge in adults residing in non-urban areas .
The Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations: changes in dietary intakes.
This r and omized clinical trial examined the feasibility of low-fat dietary interventions among postmenopausal women of diverse background s. During 1992 - 1994 , 2,208 women aged 50 - 79 years , 28 % of whom were black and 16 % Hispanic , enrolled at clinics in Atlanta , Georgia , Birmingham , Alabama , and Miami , Florida . Intervention/support groups met periodically with a nutritionist to reduce fat intake to 20 % of energy and to make other diet modifications . At 6 months postr and omization , the intervention group reduced fat intake from 39.7 % of energy at baseline to 26.4 % , a reduction of 13.3 % of energy , compared with 2.3 % among controls . Saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intakes were reduced , but intakes of fruits and vegetables , but not grain products , increased . Similar effects were observed at 12 and 18 months . Black and non-Hispanic white women had similar levels of reduction in fat , but the decrease in Hispanic women was less . Changes did not vary significantly by education . While bias in self-reported intakes may have result ed in somewhat overestimated changes in fat intake , the reported reduction was similar to the approximately 10 % of energy decrease found in most trials and suggests that large changes in fat consumption can be attained in diverse study population s and in many subgroups
Community-based programmes achieved good results for most risk factors except BMI and ( glycated haemoglobin ) HbA1c .
INTRODUCTION Although cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) prevention programmes have been effective in urban residents , their effectiveness in non-urban setting s , where cardio-metabolic risk is typically elevated , is unknown .
We systematic ally review ed the effectiveness of primary prevention programmes aim ed at reducing risk factors for CVD/T2DM , including blood pressure , body mass index ( BMI ) , blood lipid and glucose , diet , lifestyle , and knowledge in adults residing in non-urban areas .