For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?
Canadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13-year results of a randomized trial in women aged 50-59 years.
BACKGROUND Screening for breast cancer with mammography in women aged 50 years or more has been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer . However , the extent to which mammography contributes to the reduction of mortality in women who also undergo physical examination of the breasts is not known . This study was design ed to compare breast cancer mortality following annual screening consisting of two-view mammography and physical examination of the breasts with mortality following annual screening by physical examination only . Breast self-examination was taught to all participants . METHODS This trial r and omly and individually assigned 39 405 women aged 50 - 59 years , recruited from January 1980 through March 1985 , to one of the study arms . The women were followed by record linkage with the Canadian National Cancer Registry and National Mortality Data base to December 31 , 1993 , and by active follow-up of breast cancer patients to June 30 , 1996 . RESULTS R and omization achieved virtually equal distribution of demographic and breast cancer risk variables . At the first annual screen , 21 % of the cancers found by mammography alone ( in the mammography plus physical examination group ) were 20 mm or more in size compared with 46 % of those found by physical examination in the mammography plus physical examination group and 56 % in the physical examination-only group . The corresponding percentages for screens 2 - 5 were 10 % , 42 % , and 50 % , respectively . Screening detected 267 invasive breast cancers in the mammography plus physical examination group compared with 148 in the physical examination-only group . By December 31 , 1993 , 622 invasive and 71 in situ breast carcinomas were ascertained in the mammography plus physical examination group , and 610 and 16 were ascertained in the physical examination-only group . At 13-year follow-up , with 107 and 105 deaths from breast cancer in the respective groups , the cumulative rate ratio was 1.02 ( 95 % confidence interval = 0.78 - 1.33 ) . CONCLUSION In women aged 50 - 59 years , the addition of annual mammography screening to physical examination has no impact on breast cancer mortality
For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?