Results Strong evidence was found for an inverse association between MF and total and central adiposity , and CVD and metabolic risk factors .
Strong evidence was also found for a positive association between MF and bone health and self-esteem .
Conclusion The findings of this review highlight the importance of developing MF in youth for a number of health-related benefits
Background Physical fitness during childhood and adolescence has been identified as an important determinant of current and future health status .
While research has traditionally focused on the association between cardio-respiratory fitness and health outcomes , the association between muscular fitness ( MF ) and health status has recently received increased attention .
Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the potential physiological and psychological benefits associated with MF among children and adolescents .
Association between bone mass and fractures in children: a prospective cohort study.
UNLABELLED This is the first prospect i ve cohort study of the association between bone mass and fracture risk in childhood . A total of 6213 children 9.9 years of age were followed for 24 months . Results showed an 89 % increased risk of fracture per SD decrease in size-adjusted BMC . INTRODUCTION Although previous case-control studies have reported that fracture risk in childhood is inversely related to bone mass , this has not been confirmed in prospect i ve studies . Additionally , it remains unclear which constituent(s ) of bone mass underlie this association . We carried out a prospect i ve cohort study to examine the relationship between DXA measures in children 9.9 years of age and risk of fracture over the following 2 years . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Total body DXA scan results obtained at 9.9 years of age were linked to reported fractures over the following 2 years in children from a large birth cohort in southwest Engl and .  DXA measures consisted of total body less head ( TBLH ) BMD , bone area , and BMC , and results of subregional analysis of the humerus .  Analyses were adjusted for age , sex , ethnicity , and social position . RESULTS Complete data were available on 6213 children . There was a weak inverse relationship between BMD at 9.9 years and subsequent fracture risk ( OR per SD decrease = 1.12 ; 95 % CI , 1.02 - 1.25 ) . In analyses examining the relationship between fracture risk and volumetric BMD , fracture risk was inversely related to BMC adjusted for bone area , height , and weight ( OR = 1.89 ; 95 % CI , 1.18 - 3.04 ) and to estimated volumetric BMD of the humerus ( OR = 1.29 ; 95 % CI , 1.14 - 1.45 ) . Fracture risk was unrelated to both TBLH and humeral bone area . However , in analyses of the relationship between fracture risk and bone size relative to body size , an inverse association was observed between fracture risk and TBLH area adjusted for height and weight ( OR = 1.51 ; 95 % CI , 1.17 - 1.95 ) . CONCLUSIONS Fracture risk in childhood is related to volumetric BMD , reflecting an influence of determinants of volumetric BMD such as cortical thickness on skeletal fragility . Although bone size per se was not related to fracture risk , we found that children who fracture tend to have a smaller skeleton relative to their overall body size
Results Strong evidence was found for an inverse association between MF and total and central adiposity , and CVD and metabolic risk factors .
Strong evidence was also found for a positive association between MF and bone health and self-esteem .
Conclusion The findings of this review highlight the importance of developing MF in youth for a number of health-related benefits
Background Physical fitness during childhood and adolescence has been identified as an important determinant of current and future health status .
While research has traditionally focused on the association between cardio-respiratory fitness and health outcomes , the association between muscular fitness ( MF ) and health status has recently received increased attention .
Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the potential physiological and psychological benefits associated with MF among children and adolescents .