We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers among diabetic and cardiovascular patients .
The purpose of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to investigate omega-3 fatty acids ’ influence on 12 inflammatory biomarkers — LDL , HDL , total cholesterol , TG , HbA1c , Apo AI , Apo AII , Apo B , CRP , TNF-α , glucose , and fasting blood glucose among diabetic and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) patients .
Postprandial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and vascular reactivity in type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND Plasma lipoproteins may be classified by their apolipoprotein composition . The lipoprotein subclass containing apolipoproteins B and C ( LpB : C ) is considered the most atherogenic . OBJECTIVE We evaluated the acute effects of individual fatty acids on apolipoprotein B ( apo B)-containing lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes ( n = 15 ) . DESIGN We administered 3 meals in a r and omized , double-blind , crossover design . Treatments contained skim milk and 50 g fat from high-oleic acid safflower and canola oils ( monounsaturated fatty acid ; MUFA ) , MUFA + 3.5 g alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA ; MUFA + ALA ) from high-ALA canola oil , or MUFA + 4.0 g both eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ; MUFA + EPA/DHA ) from sardine oil .  Apo B , LpB , LpB : C , LpB : E + LpB : C : E , and LpA-II : B : C : D : E were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 h after the meal . Flow-mediated dilation was measured at baseline and 4 h after the meal . RESULTS The treatments significantly increased apo B and LpB postpr and ially ( P < 0.03 for both ) , but the magnitude of the changes did not differ significantly between the treatments . The postpr and ial change in LpB : C was 23 % lower after MUFA + EPA/DHA than after MUFA ( treatment x time interaction , P < 0.0001 ) . MUFA + ALA attenuated the increase in LpA-II : B : C : D : E in those with high triacylglycerols ( > /=1.69 mmol/L ) but was the only treatment to significantly increase this particle in those with low triacylglycerols ( treatment x group interaction , P < 0.0001 ) . Examination of change scores did not reveal the source of the interaction of treatment and time ( P < 0.007 ) for LpB : E + LpB : C : E. Furthermore , the subjects with the largest increases in LpB : C exhibited the largest impairment in endothelial function . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids differentially affect concentrations of apo B-containing lipoprotein subclasses . A rise in LpB : C adversely affects endothelial function . Meals containing MUFA + EPA/DHA attenuated the postpr and ial rise in LpB : C and the impairment of endothelial function
We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers among diabetic and cardiovascular patients .
The purpose of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to investigate omega-3 fatty acids ’ influence on 12 inflammatory biomarkers — LDL , HDL , total cholesterol , TG , HbA1c , Apo AI , Apo AII , Apo B , CRP , TNF-α , glucose , and fasting blood glucose among diabetic and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) patients .