For hip fracture , at a 15 % relative risk , the effect estimate lay between the futility boundary and the inferior boundary , meaning there is reliable evidence that vitamin D supplementation does not reduce hip fractures by this amount , but uncertainty remains as to whether it might increase hip fractures .
The effect estimate lay within the futility boundary at thresholds of 0·5 % for total hip , forearm , and total body bone mineral density , and 1·0 % for lumbar spine and femoral neck , providing reliable evidence that vitamin D does not alter these outcomes by these amounts .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent fractures or falls , or have clinical ly meaningful effects on bone mineral density .
There were no differences between the effects of higher and lower doses of vitamin D. There is little justification to use vitamin D supplements to maintain or improve musculoskeletal health .
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D on fractures , falls , and bone mineral density are uncertain , particularly for high vitamin D doses .
We aim ed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fractures , falls , and bone density .
Effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise training on physical performance in Chilean vitamin D deficient elderly subjects
The aim was to assess the effects of resistance training and vitamin D supplementation on physical performance of healthy elderly subjects . Ninety-six subjects , aged 70 years or more with 25 OH vitamin D levels of 16 ng/ml or less , were r and omized to a  resistance training or control group . Trained and control groups were further r and omized to receive in a double blind fashion , vitamin D 400 IU plus 800 mg of calcium per day or calcium alone . Subjects were followed for nine months . Serum 25 OH vitamin D increased from 12.4+/-2.2 to 25.8+/-6.5 ng/ml among subjects supplemented with vitamin D. Trained subjects had significant improvements in quadriceps muscle strength , the short physical performance test and timed up and go . The latter improved more in trained subjects supplemented with vitamin D. At the end of the follow up , gait speed was higher among subjects supplemented with vitamin ( whether trained or not ) than in non-supplemented subjects ( 838+/-147 and 768+/-127 m/12 min , respectively , p=0.02 ) . Romberg ratio was lower among supplemented controls than non-supplemented trained subjects ( 128+/-40 % and 144+/-37 % , respectively , p=0.05 ) . In conclusion , vitamin D supplementation improved gait speed and body sway , and training improved muscle strength
For hip fracture , at a 15 % relative risk , the effect estimate lay between the futility boundary and the inferior boundary , meaning there is reliable evidence that vitamin D supplementation does not reduce hip fractures by this amount , but uncertainty remains as to whether it might increase hip fractures .
The effect estimate lay within the futility boundary at thresholds of 0·5 % for total hip , forearm , and total body bone mineral density , and 1·0 % for lumbar spine and femoral neck , providing reliable evidence that vitamin D does not alter these outcomes by these amounts .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent fractures or falls , or have clinical ly meaningful effects on bone mineral density .
There were no differences between the effects of higher and lower doses of vitamin D. There is little justification to use vitamin D supplements to maintain or improve musculoskeletal health .
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D on fractures , falls , and bone mineral density are uncertain , particularly for high vitamin D doses .
We aim ed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fractures , falls , and bone density .