Moderate hypofractionation is safe and effective , but longer-term data are still lacking .
Brachytherapy represents an effective way to increase the delivered dose .
OBJECTIVE To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology ( EAU ) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology ( ESTRO ) - International Society of Geriatric Oncology ( SIOG ) Guidelines on screening , diagnosis , and local treatment with curative intent of clinical ly localised prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS BRCA2 mutations have been added as risk factors for early and aggressive disease .
Systematic screening is still not recommended .
An early prostate-specific antigen test , the use of a risk calculator , or one of the promising biomarker tools are being investigated and might be able to limit the overdetection of insignificant PCa .
Breaking the link between diagnosis and treatment may lower the overtreatment risk .
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using st and ardised reporting can not replace systematic biopsy , but robustly nested within the diagnostic work-up , it has a key role in local staging .
In Northern and Western Europe , the number of men diagnosed with PCa has been on the rise .
Familial risk and familial survival in prostate cancer
Objectives The Swedish Family-Cancer Data base has been the major source of population -based prospect i ve data on familial risks on most cancers , including prostate cancer . In the present review , I focus on three lines of family studies with novel results . Methods The covered studies originate from the same data base with publication date s spanning a period of somewhat over 3 years . Age-specific hazard ratios ( HRs ) of incident prostate cancer and fatal prostate cancer were determined according to the number of affected relatives . Cumulative risks for incidence and death were calculated for the various types of families . Finally , data on the familial association of prostate cancer with some other cancers were review ed . Results If the father had prostate cancer , the HR for sons was 2.1 and it increased to 17.7 when three brothers were affected . The highest HR ( 23 ) was observed for men before age 60 years with three affected brothers . The patterns for fatal familial prostate cancer were similar . Other review ed sets of data showed evidence for the familial concordance of good and poor survival in prostate cancer . Familial risks were somewhat higher for fatal than for incident prostate cancer , suggesting that fatal prostate cancers may be a genetic subgroup . Conclusions Considering the high familial risks in fatal prostate cancer , family history remains an important prognostic piece of information useful for clinical genetic counseling . Obviously , preventive measures for at-risk men are needed but these are beyond the present paper . Starting screening before any prostate cancers are diagnosed in a family appears counterproductive
Moderate hypofractionation is safe and effective , but longer-term data are still lacking .
Brachytherapy represents an effective way to increase the delivered dose .
OBJECTIVE To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology ( EAU ) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology ( ESTRO ) - International Society of Geriatric Oncology ( SIOG ) Guidelines on screening , diagnosis , and local treatment with curative intent of clinical ly localised prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS BRCA2 mutations have been added as risk factors for early and aggressive disease .
Systematic screening is still not recommended .
An early prostate-specific antigen test , the use of a risk calculator , or one of the promising biomarker tools are being investigated and might be able to limit the overdetection of insignificant PCa .
Breaking the link between diagnosis and treatment may lower the overtreatment risk .
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using st and ardised reporting can not replace systematic biopsy , but robustly nested within the diagnostic work-up , it has a key role in local staging .
In Northern and Western Europe , the number of men diagnosed with PCa has been on the rise .