A systematic evaluation of the available evidence suggests similarities as well as important differences in the risk factors for incidence of AF as compared with other cardiovascular diseases , which has implication s for the primary prevention strategies for atrial fibrillation
Established primary prevention strategies of cardiovascular diseases are based on underst and ing of risk factors , but whether the same risk factors are associated with  atrial fibrillation ( AF )  remains unclear .
Relation of renal function to risk for incident atrial fibrillation in women.
Few prospect i ve studies have explored the association between renal function and risk for  incident atrial fibrillation ( AF ) in apparently healthy population s. A total of 24,746 women participating in the Women 's Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and AF and provided blood sample s at baseline were prospect ively followed for incident AF from 1993 to 2010 . AF events were confirmed by medical chart review . Estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) was calculated from baseline creatinine using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology ( CKD-EPI ) equation . Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) for incident AF across eGFR categories controlling for AF risk factors . During a median of 15.4 years of follow-up , 786 incident AF events occurred . The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for incident AF across eGFR categories ( < 60 , 60 to 74.9 , 75 to 89 , and ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m(2 ) ) were 1.36 ( 95 % CI 1.00 to 1.84 ) , 0.90 ( 95 % CI 0.71 to 1.14 ) , 0.99 ( 95 % CI 0.84 to 1.18 ) and 1.00 , respectively , without evidence of a linear association ( P for trend = 0.48 ) . Similarly , there was no significant curvilinear association ( quadratic p = 0.10 ) in multivariate analysis across categories . Compared to women with eGFRs ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m(2 ) , the 1,008 women with eGFRs < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2 ) had a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for AF of 1.39 ( 95 % CI 1.04 to 1.86 , p = 0.03 ) . In conclusion , no significant linear or curvilinear relation was observed between incident AF and less severe impairment of renal function in this large prospect i ve cohort of women . However , a significant elevation in AF risk was observed at a threshold eGFR of < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2 )
A systematic evaluation of the available evidence suggests similarities as well as important differences in the risk factors for incidence of AF as compared with other cardiovascular diseases , which has implication s for the primary prevention strategies for atrial fibrillation
Established primary prevention strategies of cardiovascular diseases are based on underst and ing of risk factors , but whether the same risk factors are associated with  atrial fibrillation ( AF )  remains unclear .