The DASH , the  Michigan H and Outcomes Question naire ( MHQ ) , the  Patient Evaluation Measure ( PEM ) , and the  Patient-Reported Wrist Evaluation ( PRWE ) had evidence supporting their reliability , validity , and responsiveness .
A post-hoc review of excluded studies revealed the AUSCAN Osteoarthritis H and Index as another suitable instrument that had favourable reliability , validity , and responsiveness .
The DASH , MHQ , and AUSCAN Osteoarthritis H and Index instruments were supported by the most favourable empirical evidence for validity , reliability , and responsiveness .
The PEM and PRWE also had favourable empirical evidence reported for these elements .
This paper aim ed to identify condition-specific patient-reported outcome measures used in clinical trials among people with wrist osteoarthritis and summarise empirical peer- review ed evidence supporting their reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change .
Response shift, recall bias and their effect on measuring change in health-related quality of life amongst older hospital patients
Background Assessment s of change in subjective patient reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) are a key component of many clinical and research evaluations . However , conventional longitudinal evaluation of change may not agree with patient perceived change if patients ' underst and ing of the subjective construct under evaluation changes over time ( response shift ) or if patients ' have inaccurate re collection ( recall bias ) . This study examined whether older adults ' perception of change is in agreement with conventional longitudinal evaluation of change in their HRQoL over the duration of their hospital stay . It also investigated this level of agreement after adjusting patient perceived change for recall bias that patients may have experienced . Methods A prospect i ve longitudinal cohort design nested within a larger r and omised controlled trial was implemented . 103 hospitalised older adults participated in this investigation at a tertiary hospital facility . The  EQ-5D utility and Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) scores  were used to evaluate HRQoL. Participants completed EQ-5D reports as soon as they were medically stable ( within three days of admission ) then again immediately prior to discharge . Three methods of change score calculation were used ( conventional change , patient perceived change and patient perceived change adjusted for recall bias ) . Agreement was primarily investigated using intraclass correlation coefficients ( ICC ) and limits of agreement . Results Overall 101 ( 98 % ) participants completed both admission and discharge assessment s. The mean ( SD ) age was 73.3 ( 11.2 ) . The median ( IQR ) length of stay was 38 ( 20 - 60 ) days . For agreement between conventional longitudinal change and patient perceived change : ICCs were 0.34 and 0.40 for EQ-5D utility and VAS respectively . For agreement between conventional longitudinal change and patient perceived change adjusted for recall bias : ICCs were 0.98 and 0.90 respectively . Discrepancy between conventional longitudinal change and patient perceived change was considered clinical ly meaningful for 84 ( 83.2 % ) of participants , after adjusting for recall bias this reduced to 8 ( 7.9 % ) . Conclusions Agreement between conventional change and patient perceived change was not strong . A large proportion of this disagreement could be attributed to recall bias . To overcome the invalidating effect of response shift ( on conventional change ) and recall bias ( on patient perceived change ) a method of adjusting patient perceived change for recall bias has been described
The DASH , the  Michigan H and Outcomes Question naire ( MHQ ) , the  Patient Evaluation Measure ( PEM ) , and the  Patient-Reported Wrist Evaluation ( PRWE ) had evidence supporting their reliability , validity , and responsiveness .
A post-hoc review of excluded studies revealed the AUSCAN Osteoarthritis H and Index as another suitable instrument that had favourable reliability , validity , and responsiveness .
The DASH , MHQ , and AUSCAN Osteoarthritis H and Index instruments were supported by the most favourable empirical evidence for validity , reliability , and responsiveness .
The PEM and PRWE also had favourable empirical evidence reported for these elements .
This paper aim ed to identify condition-specific patient-reported outcome measures used in clinical trials among people with wrist osteoarthritis and summarise empirical peer- review ed evidence supporting their reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change .