Caution must therefore be exercised in interpreting results , but the case for investment in parenting and health visitor-related programmes appears most strong , especially when impacts beyond the health sector are taken into account .
In the workplace an economic return on investment in a number of comprehensive workplace health promotion programmes and stress management projects ( largely in the USA ) was reported , while group-based exercise and psychosocial interventions are of potential benefit to older people .
Targeting early antecedents to prevent tobacco smoking: findings from an epidemiologically based randomized field trial.
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether interventions aim ed at aggressive/disruptive classroom behavior and poor academic achievement would reduce the incidence of initiation of smoking . METHODS An epidemiologically based , universal r and omized preventive trial involved 2311 children in 2 classroom-based preventive interventions or controls .  Each intervention was directed at 1 of the aforementioned 2 antecedents over first and second grade s in 19 urban schools . RESULTS Smoking initiation was reduced in both cohorts for boys assigned to the behavioral intervention . CONCLUSIONS Targeting early risk antecedents such as aggressive behavior appears to be an important smoking prevention strategy
Caution must therefore be exercised in interpreting results , but the case for investment in parenting and health visitor-related programmes appears most strong , especially when impacts beyond the health sector are taken into account .
In the workplace an economic return on investment in a number of comprehensive workplace health promotion programmes and stress management projects ( largely in the USA ) was reported , while group-based exercise and psychosocial interventions are of potential benefit to older people .