Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Past physical activity, current physical activity, and risk of coronary heart disease.
PURPOSE Middle-aged and older women who are physically active have decreased risk of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) ; however , little is known about how physical activity during young adulthood influences activity during middle age and older , and CHD risk . We examined the relationship between 1 ) physical activity during young adulthood and middle age , and 2 ) physical activity during each time period and CHD occurring in middle age or older . METHODS Cohort study of 39,876 healthy U.S. female health professionals , age > or = 45 yr , in the Women 's Health Study .  Physical activity  was reported at baseline . Additionally ,  physical activity in high school and age 18 - 22 yr was reported on the 24-month follow-up survey . Women were followed for an average of 9 yr , after the 24-month survey , for CHD occurrence ( N = 477 ) . RESULTS Among 37,169 eligible participants at baseline , the most active women ( vigorous physical activity 10 - 12 months x yr ) during high school and age 18 - 22 yr were more than twice as likely to meet physical activity recommendations at baseline than the least active women ( no vigorous activity ) during high school and age 18 - 22 yr ( multivariate-adjusted odds ratio = 2.43 ; 95 % C.I. 2.24 , 2.63 ) . At baseline , the most active women ( > or = 1500 kcal x wk(-1 ) ) had a 39 % lower risk of CHD during follow-up than the least active ( < 200 kcal x wk(-1 ) ) ( multivariate-adjusted relative risk = 0.61 ; 95 % C.I. 0.46 , 0.81 ) . However , physical activity during young adulthood was not associated with risk of CHD occurring during middle age and older . CONCLUSION Women who are physically active during young adulthood are more likely to be active when middle-aged and older , when rates of CHD increase , and physical activity during middle-age predicts lower risk of CHD
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .