In conclusion , the role of dairy products for BMC or BMD has been sufficiently established in Chinese and Caucasian girls and women .
In Caucasian women , drinking milk also reduces fracture risk .
The relevance of dairy produce for the diminishment of osteoporotic risk is still a matter of scientific debate due to the outcome of a few single observational studies .
Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in females from childhood to young adulthood: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND Short-term studies established that calcium influences bone accretion during growth . Whether long-term supplementation influences bone accretion in young adults is not known . OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone accretion among females from childhood to young adulthood . DESIGN A 4-y r and omized clinical trial recruited 354 females in pubertal stage 2 and optionally was extended for an additional 3 y. The mean dietary calcium intake of the participants over 7 y was approximately 830 mg/d ;  calcium-supplemented persons received an additional approximately 670 mg/d . Primary outcome variables were distal and proximal radius bone mineral density ( BMD ) , total-body BMD ( TBBMD ) , and metacarpal cortical indexes . RESULTS Multivariate analyses of the primary outcomes indicated that  calcium-supplementation  effects vary over time . Follow-up univariate analyses indicated that all primary outcomes were significantly larger in the supplemented group than in the placebo group at the year 4 endpoint . However , at the year 7 endpoint , this effect vanished for TBBMD and distal radius BMD . Longitudinal models for TBBMD and proximal radius BMD , according to the time since menarche , showed a highly significant effect of supplementation during the pubertal growth spurt and a diminishing effect thereafter . Post hoc stratifications by compliance-adjusted total calcium intake and by final stature or metacarpal total cross-sectional area showed that calcium effects depend on compliance and body frame . CONCLUSIONS Calcium supplementation significantly influenced bone accretion  in young females during the pubertal growth spurt . By young adulthood , significant effects remained at metacarpals and at the forearm of tall persons , which indicated that the calcium requirement for growth is associated with skeletal size . These results may be important for both primary prevention of osteoporosis and prevention of bone fragility fractures during growth
In conclusion , the role of dairy products for BMC or BMD has been sufficiently established in Chinese and Caucasian girls and women .
In Caucasian women , drinking milk also reduces fracture risk .
The relevance of dairy produce for the diminishment of osteoporotic risk is still a matter of scientific debate due to the outcome of a few single observational studies .