According to the network meta- analysis the Mediterranean diet is the most effective and efficacious dietary approach to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients
The aim of the present study is to assess the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a systematic review of the literature .
A Very Low-Carbohydrate, Low–Saturated Fat Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Randomized Trial
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively compare the effects of a very low-carbohydrate , high – unsaturated/low – saturated fat diet ( LC ) with those of a high – unrefined carbohydrate , low-fat diet ( HC ) on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors in type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Obese adults ( n = 115 , BMI 34.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2 , age 58 ± 7 years ) with T2DM were r and omized to a hypocaloric LC diet ( 14 % carbohydrate [ < 50 g/day ] , 28 % protein , and 58 % fat [ < 10 % saturated fat ] ) or an energy-matched HC diet ( 53 % carbohydrate , 17 % protein , and 30 % fat [ < 10 % saturated fat ] ) combined with structured exercise for 24 weeks . The outcomes measured were as follows : glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , glycemic variability ( GV ; assessed by 48-h continuous glucose monitoring ) , antiglycemic medication changes ( antiglycemic medication effects score [ MES ] ) , and blood lipids and pressure . RESULTS A total of 93 participants completed 24 weeks . Both groups achieved similar completion rates ( LC 79 % , HC 82 % ) and weight loss ( LC −12.0 ± 6.3 kg , HC −11.5 ± 5.5 kg ) ; P ≥ 0.50 . Blood pressure ( −9.8/−7.3 ± 11.6/6.8 mmHg ) , fasting blood glucose ( −1.4 ± 2.3 mmol/L ) , and LDL cholesterol ( −0.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L ) decreased , with no diet effect ( P ≥ 0.10 ) . LC achieved greater reductions in triglycerides ( −0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L ) , MES ( −0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.2 ± 0.5 ) , and GV indices ; P  ≤ 0.03 . LC induced greater HbA1c reductions ( −2.6 ± 1.0 % [ −28.4 ± 10.9 mmol/mol ] vs. −1.9 ± 1.2 % [ −20.8 ± 13.1 mmol/mol ] ; P = 0.002 ) and HDL cholesterol ( HDL-C ) increases ( 0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.05 ± 0.2 mmol/L ; P = 0.007 ) in participants with the respective baseline values HbA1c > 7.8 % ( 62 mmol/mol ) and HDL-C < 1.29 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Both diets achieved substantial improvements for several clinical glycemic control and CVD risk markers . These improvements and reductions in GV and antiglycemic medication requirements were greatest with the LC compared with HC . This suggests an LC diet with low saturated fat may be an effective dietary approach for T2DM management if effects are sustained beyond 24 weeks
According to the network meta- analysis the Mediterranean diet is the most effective and efficacious dietary approach to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients
The aim of the present study is to assess the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a systematic review of the literature .