Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression (CBT-AD) in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes
OBJECTIVE To test cognitive behavioral therapy for  adherence and depression ( CBT-AD ) in type 2 diabetes . We hypothesized that CBT-AD would improve adherence ; depression ; and , secondarily , hemoglobin A1c ( A1C ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-seven adults with unipolar depression and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes received enhanced treatment as usual ( ETAU ) , including medication adherence , self-monitoring of blood glucose ( SMBG ) , and lifestyle counseling ; a provider letter documented psychiatric diagnoses . Those r and omized to the intervention arm also received 9–11 sessions of CBT-AD . RESULTS Immediately after acute treatment ( 4 months ) , adjusting for baseline , CBT-AD had 20.7 percentage points greater oral medication adherence on electronic pill cap ( 95 % CI −31.14 to −10.22 , P = 0.000 ) ; 30.2 percentage points greater SMBG adherence through glucometer downloads ( 95 % CI −42.95 to −17.37 , P = 0.000 ) ; 6.44 points lower depression scores on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( 95 % CI 2.33–10.56 , P = 0.002 ) ; 0.74 points lower on the Clinical Global Impression ( 95 % CI 0.16–1.32 , P = 0.01 ) ; and 0.72 units lower A1C ( 95 % CI 0.29–1.15 , P = 0.001 ) relative to ETAU . Analyses of 4- , 8- , and 12-month follow-up time points indicated that CBT-AD maintained 16.3 percentage points higher medication adherence ( 95 % CI −26.1 to −6.5 , P = 0.001 ) ; 22.3 percentage points greater SMBG adherence ( 95 % CI −36.1 to −8.6 , P = 0.002 ) ; and 0.63 units lower A1C ( 95 % CI 0.06–1.2 , P = 0.03 ) after acute treatment ended . For depression , there was some evidence of continued improvement posttreatment , but no between-group differences . CONCLUSIONS CBT-AD is an effective intervention for adherence , depression , and glycemic control , with enduring and clinical ly meaningful benefits for diabetes self-management and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and depression
Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .