In contrast , fasting plasma glucose , fasting plasma insulin as well as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not affected by the amounts of MUFA in the dietary protocol s. Conclusions : In summary , this systematic review found that high MUFA diets appear to be effective in reducing HbA1c , and therefore , should be recommended in the dietary regimes of T2D
Background / Aims : In 2008 , the American Diabetes Association recommended low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets for weight management in patients with established type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) , while the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA ) was not specified .
This systematic review focused on the effects of diets high in MUFA versus diets low in MUFA on important risk factors of T2D ( i.e. plasma glucose , insulin , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated haemoglobin , HbA1c ) .
Relationship of Glycemic Control, Exogenous Insulin, and C-Peptide Levels to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Over a 16-Year Period in People With Older-Onset Diabetes
OBJECTIVE —The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of glycemic control and exogenous and endogenous insulin levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality ( ischemic heart disease and stroke ) in an older-onset diabetic population . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy ( WESDR ) is an ongoing , prospect i ve , population -based cohort study of individuals with diabetes first examined in 1980–1982 . A stratified sample of all individuals with diabetes diagnosed at 30 years of age or older was labeled “ older-onset ” ( n = 1,370 ) . Those participating in the 1984–1986 examination phase ( n = 1,007 ) were included in the analysis . Endogenous insulin was determined by measurements of plasma C-peptide ( in nanomoles per liter ) , and exogenous insulin was calculated in units per kilogram per day . Glycemic control was determined by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 ) . RESULTS —After 16 years of follow-up , 824 individuals died  ( all-cause mortality ) ; 358 deaths involved ischemic heart disease and 137 involved stroke . C-peptide and HbA1 were significantly associated with all-cause and ischemic heart disease mortality in our study . The hazard ratio ( 95 % CI ) values for all-cause mortality were 1.12 ( 1.07–1.17 ) per 1 % increase in HbA1 , 1.20 ( 0.85–1.69 ) per 1 unit · kg−1 · day−1 increase in exogenous insulin , and 1.15 ( 1.04–1.29 ) per 1 nmol/l increase in C-peptide and for ischemic heart disease mortality were 1.14 ( 1.06–1.22 ) , 1.50 ( 0.92–2.46 ) , and 1.19 ( 1.02–1.39 ) for HbA1 , exogenous insulin , and C-peptide , respectively , after adjusting for relevant confounders . C-peptide was associated with stroke mortality only among men ( 1.65 [ 1.07–2.53 ] ) . CONCLUSIONS —Our results show that individuals with higher endogenous insulin levels are at higher risk of all-cause , ischemic heart disease , and stroke mortality
In contrast , fasting plasma glucose , fasting plasma insulin as well as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not affected by the amounts of MUFA in the dietary protocol s. Conclusions : In summary , this systematic review found that high MUFA diets appear to be effective in reducing HbA1c , and therefore , should be recommended in the dietary regimes of T2D
Background / Aims : In 2008 , the American Diabetes Association recommended low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets for weight management in patients with established type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) , while the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA ) was not specified .
This systematic review focused on the effects of diets high in MUFA versus diets low in MUFA on important risk factors of T2D ( i.e. plasma glucose , insulin , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated haemoglobin , HbA1c ) .