However , subgroup analyses for the estrogen dose and the progestin type in relation to changes in SHBG levels did show significant differences : COCs containing second generation progestins and /or the lower estrogen doses ( 20–25 µg EE ) were found to have less impact on SHBG concentrations .
The current literature review and meta- analysis demonstrates that COCs decrease circulating levels of total T and free T and increase SBHG concentrations .
Due to the SHBG increase , free T levels decrease twice as much as total T. The estrogen dose and progestin type of the COC do not influence the decline of total and free T , but both affect SHBG .
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives ( COCs ) reduce levels of and rogen , especially testosterone ( T ) , by inhibiting ovarian and adrenal and rogen synthesis and by increasing levels of sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) .
Although this suppressive effect has been investigated by numerous studies over many years , to our knowledge no systematic review concerning this issue had been performed .
Effects of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol in comparison to one containing levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol on markers of endocrine function
ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the effects of two monophasic combined oral contraceptives , containing either nomegestrol acetate/17β-oestradiol ( NOMAC/E2 ) or levonorgestrel/ ethinylestradiol ( LNG/EE ) on endocrine function , and rogens , and sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) . Methods R and omised , open-label , multi-centre trial involving 121 healthy women , aged 18–50 years old . Participants received NOMAC/E2 ( 2.5 mg/1.5 mg ) in a 24/4-day regimen ( n = 60 ) or LNG/EE ( 150 μg/30 μg ) in a 21/7-day regimen ( n = 61 ) for six cycles . The primary outcome was the change from baseline to cycle 6 in markers of adrenal and thyroid function , and rogens , and SHBG . Results Total cortisol , corticosteroid-binding globulin ( CBG ) , and thyroxine-binding globulin ( TBG ) increased from baseline in both groups , with significantly greater increases in the LNG/EE group . No relevant changes from baseline or differences between the groups were observed for thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH ) and free thyroxine ( T4 ) . And rogens and and rogen precursors decreased from baseline in both groups , with significantly greater decreases in the LNG/EE group ( except for free testosterone ) . A greater increase in SHBG was observed with NOMAC/E2 than with LNG/EE . Conclusions NOMAC/E2 has significantly less influence on markers of adrenal and thyroid function and and rogens than LNG/EE . The clinical relevance of these findings requires further study
However , subgroup analyses for the estrogen dose and the progestin type in relation to changes in SHBG levels did show significant differences : COCs containing second generation progestins and /or the lower estrogen doses ( 20–25 µg EE ) were found to have less impact on SHBG concentrations .
The current literature review and meta- analysis demonstrates that COCs decrease circulating levels of total T and free T and increase SBHG concentrations .
Due to the SHBG increase , free T levels decrease twice as much as total T. The estrogen dose and progestin type of the COC do not influence the decline of total and free T , but both affect SHBG .
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives ( COCs ) reduce levels of and rogen , especially testosterone ( T ) , by inhibiting ovarian and adrenal and rogen synthesis and by increasing levels of sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) .
Although this suppressive effect has been investigated by numerous studies over many years , to our knowledge no systematic review concerning this issue had been performed .