In this latter study , outcomes were better for girls and for children on medication .
Positive results on an inventory of child behaviour problems were reported for one small study ( n = 24 ) with the caveat that results were only positive when parent training was delivered to individuals and not groups .
Results for this outcome from a small study ( n = 24 ) suggested a long-term benefit for mothers who received the intervention at an individual level ; in contrast , fathers benefited from short-term group treatment .
Parent training may have a positive effect on the behaviour of children with ADHD .
It may also reduce parental stress and enhance parental confidence .
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by high levels of inattention , hyperactivity and impulsivity that are present before the age of seven years , seen in a range of situations , inconsistent with the child 's developmental level and causing social or academic impairment .
Parent training programmes are psychosocial interventions aim ed at training parents in techniques to enable them to manage their children 's challenging behaviour .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether parent training interventions are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms and associated problems in children aged between five and eigtheen years with a diagnosis of ADHD , compared to controls with no parent training intervention .
Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting programme as a preventive intervention with parents of preschool children considered to be at risk of developing conduct disorder . Design Pragmatic r and omised controlled trial using a block design with allocation by area . Setting Eleven Sure Start areas in north and mid-Wales . Participants 153 parents from socially disadvantaged areas , with children aged 36 - 59 months at risk of conduct disorder defined by scoring over the clinical cut off on the Eyberg child behaviour inventory . Participants were r and omised on a 2:1 basis , 104 to intervention and 49 to remaining on the  wait  listing ( control ) . Twenty ( 13 % ) were lost to follow-up six months later , 18 from the intervention group . Intervention The Webster-Stratton Incredible Years basic parenting programme , a 12 week group based intervention . Main outcome measures Problem behaviour in children and parenting skills assessed by self reports from parents and by direct observation in the home . Parents ' self reported parenting competence , stress , and depression . St and ardised and well vali date d instruments were used throughout . Results At follow-up , most of the measures of parenting and problem behaviour in children showed significant improvement in the intervention group . The intention to treat analysis for the primary outcome measure , the Eyberg child behaviour inventory , showed a mean difference between groups of 4.4 points ( 95 % confidence interval 2.0 to 6.9 , P<0.001 ) on the problem scale with an effect size of 0.63 , and a mean difference of 25.1 ( 14.9 to 35.2 , P<0.001 ) on the intensity scale with an effect size of 0.89 . Conclusion This community based study showed the effectiveness of an evidence based parenting intervention delivered with fidelity by regular Sure Start staff . It has influenced policy within Wales and provides lessons for Engl and where , to date , Sure Start programmes have not been effective . Trial registration IS RCT
In this latter study , outcomes were better for girls and for children on medication .
Positive results on an inventory of child behaviour problems were reported for one small study ( n = 24 ) with the caveat that results were only positive when parent training was delivered to individuals and not groups .
Results for this outcome from a small study ( n = 24 ) suggested a long-term benefit for mothers who received the intervention at an individual level ; in contrast , fathers benefited from short-term group treatment .
Parent training may have a positive effect on the behaviour of children with ADHD .
It may also reduce parental stress and enhance parental confidence .
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by high levels of inattention , hyperactivity and impulsivity that are present before the age of seven years , seen in a range of situations , inconsistent with the child 's developmental level and causing social or academic impairment .
Parent training programmes are psychosocial interventions aim ed at training parents in techniques to enable them to manage their children 's challenging behaviour .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether parent training interventions are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms and associated problems in children aged between five and eigtheen years with a diagnosis of ADHD , compared to controls with no parent training intervention .