Urine calcium excretion rates were consistent with osteoporosis development ; however calcium balance studies did not demonstrate loss of whole body calcium with higher net acid excretion .
No study revealed a biologic mechanism functioning at physiological pH. Finally , r and omized studies did not provide evidence for an adverse role of phosphate , milk , and grain foods in osteoporosis .
Conclusions A causal association between dietary acid load and osteoporotic bone disease is not supported by evidence and there is no evidence that an alkaline diet is protective of bone health
Background Modern diets have been suggested to increase systemic acid load and net acid excretion .
In response , alkaline diets and products are marketed to avoid or counteract this acid , help the body regulate its pH to prevent and cure disease .
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate causal relationships between dietary acid load and osteoporosis using Hill 's criteria .
Fruits, vegetables and lung cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.
Inverse associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and  lung cancer risk have been consistently reported . However , identifying the specific fruits and vegetables associated with lung cancer is difficult because the food groups and foods evaluated have varied across studies . We analyzed fruit and vegetable groups using st and ardized exposure and covariate definitions in 8 prospect i ve studies . We combined study -specific relative risks ( RRs ) using a r and om effects model . In the pooled data base , 3,206 incident lung cancer cases occurred among 430,281 women and men followed for up to 6 - 16 years across studies . Controlling for smoking habits and other lung cancer risk factors , a 16 - 23 % reduction in lung cancer risk was observed for quintiles 2 through 5 vs. the lowest quintile of consumption for total fruits ( RR = 0.77 ; 95 % CI = 0.67 - 0.87 for quintile 5 ; p-value , test for trend < 0.001 ) and for total fruits and vegetables ( RR = 0.79 ; 95 % CI = 0.69 - 0.90 ; p-value , test for trend = 0.001 ) . For the same comparison , the association was weaker for  total vegetable consumption  ( RR = 0.88 ; 95 % CI = 0.78 - 1.00 ; p-value , test for trend = 0.12 ) . Associations were similar between never , past , and current smokers . These results suggest that elevated fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a modest reduction in lung cancer risk , which is mostly attributable to fruit , not vegetable , intake . However , we can not rule out the possibility that our results are due to residual confounding by smoking . The primary focus for reducing lung cancer incidence should continue to be smoking prevention and cessation
Urine calcium excretion rates were consistent with osteoporosis development ; however calcium balance studies did not demonstrate loss of whole body calcium with higher net acid excretion .
No study revealed a biologic mechanism functioning at physiological pH. Finally , r and omized studies did not provide evidence for an adverse role of phosphate , milk , and grain foods in osteoporosis .
Conclusions A causal association between dietary acid load and osteoporotic bone disease is not supported by evidence and there is no evidence that an alkaline diet is protective of bone health
Background Modern diets have been suggested to increase systemic acid load and net acid excretion .
In response , alkaline diets and products are marketed to avoid or counteract this acid , help the body regulate its pH to prevent and cure disease .
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate causal relationships between dietary acid load and osteoporosis using Hill 's criteria .