The following factors were found to have consistent , but limited , support as regards their influence on the risk for sick leave due to back and neck disorders : ( a ) heavy physical workload , bent or twisted working position , and low work satisfaction increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( b ) specific back diagnoses and previous sick leave due to back disorders increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( c ) female gender , smoking , exposure to vibration , and deficient social support were not found to significantly increase the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( d ) self-reported pain and functional impairments were associated with a high risk for long-term sick leave ; ( e ) longer employment periods reduced the risk for short-term sick leave ; ( f ) perceived dem and s at work did not influence short-term sick leave ; ( g ) female gender and higher age increases the risk for disability pension
Working Disability Due to Occupational Back Pain: Three-year Follow-up of 2,300 Compensated Workers in Quebec
A cohort of3,342 cases constituting a r and om sample of all occupational back injuries compensated in Quebec ( Canada ) during 1981 was observed prospect ively for 3 years to study associations between cumulative duration of absence from work  and sex , age , site of symptoms ( cervical , thoracic , and lumbar ) , and occupation . Of the cohort members , 287 ( 9.7 % ) cumulated 6 months of absence or more . A logistic regression model showed age and site of symptoms to be the two most important risk factors associated with absences of 6 months or more . No association was found with sex or occupation . The results showed discrepancies between measures of frequency distribution of back injuries and duration of absence from work , an important finding in terms of identifying health priorities
The following factors were found to have consistent , but limited , support as regards their influence on the risk for sick leave due to back and neck disorders : ( a ) heavy physical workload , bent or twisted working position , and low work satisfaction increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( b ) specific back diagnoses and previous sick leave due to back disorders increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( c ) female gender , smoking , exposure to vibration , and deficient social support were not found to significantly increase the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( d ) self-reported pain and functional impairments were associated with a high risk for long-term sick leave ; ( e ) longer employment periods reduced the risk for short-term sick leave ; ( f ) perceived dem and s at work did not influence short-term sick leave ; ( g ) female gender and higher age increases the risk for disability pension