There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Effects of exercise training on vascular function in obese children.
OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis is a disease that begins in childhood ; endothelial dysfunction is its earliest detectable manifestation , and primary prevention strategies are likely to be most effective if instituted early . The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of obesity on vascular function in young children and to determine whether an exercise program improves abnormalities in vascular function . STUDY DESIGN The influence of 8 weeks of exercise training was examined in 14 obese subjects , 8.9 + /- 0.4 years of age , with the use of a r and omized crossover protocol . Conduit vessel endothelial function was assessed by means of high-resolution ultrasound and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery ( FMD ) . RESULTS Exercise training did not change subcutaneous fat mass , body weight , or body mass index . FMD in the obese group was significantly impaired relative to matched control subjects at entry ( 6.00 % + /- 0.69 % to 12.32 % + /- 3.14 % , P < .0001 ) . FMD significantly improved with exercise training ( 7.35 % + /- 0.99 % , P < .05 ) in the obese group . CONCLUSIONS Conduit vessel FMD , a vali date d surrogate measure of early atherosclerosis , was impaired in obese children but improved as a result of exercise training . This study supports the value of an exercise program in the treatment of obese children in a primary prevention setting
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .