For hip fracture , at a 15 % relative risk , the effect estimate lay between the futility boundary and the inferior boundary , meaning there is reliable evidence that vitamin D supplementation does not reduce hip fractures by this amount , but uncertainty remains as to whether it might increase hip fractures .
The effect estimate lay within the futility boundary at thresholds of 0·5 % for total hip , forearm , and total body bone mineral density , and 1·0 % for lumbar spine and femoral neck , providing reliable evidence that vitamin D does not alter these outcomes by these amounts .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent fractures or falls , or have clinical ly meaningful effects on bone mineral density .
There were no differences between the effects of higher and lower doses of vitamin D. There is little justification to use vitamin D supplements to maintain or improve musculoskeletal health .
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D on fractures , falls , and bone mineral density are uncertain , particularly for high vitamin D doses .
We aim ed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fractures , falls , and bone density .
The effects of whole-body vibration training and vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, and bone density in institutionalized elderly women: a 6-month randomized, controlled trial.
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis represent a growing public health problem . We studied the potential benefit of whole-body vibration ( WBV ) training given a conventional or a high dose of daily vitamin D supplementation in improving strength , muscle mass , and bone density in postmenopausal women . In a 2 × 2 factorial- design trial , 113 institutionalized elderly females aged over 70 years ( mean age 79.6 years ) were r and omly assigned either to a WBV or a no-training group , receiving either a conventional dose ( 880 IU/day ) or a high dose ( 1600 IU/day ) of vitamin D(3 ) . The primary aim was to determine the effects of 6 months of WBV and /or vitamin D supplementation on isometric and dynamic strength , leg muscle mass , and hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) . Additionally , the increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] levels between conventional and high-dose supplementation was compared . After 6 months of treatment , dynamic muscle strength , hip BMD , and vitamin D serum levels improved significantly in all groups , whereas isometric strength and muscle mass did not change . When compared with no training , the WBV program did not result in additional improvements . When compared with 880 IU , a high dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D did result in higher serum vitamin D levels but did not result in additional improvements . In institutionalized women older than 70 years , the WBV training protocol tested is not more efficient in enhancing muscle mass , strength , and hip BMD compared with vitamin D supplementation . A higher dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D does not provide additional musculoskeletal benefit in this population compared with conventional doses
For hip fracture , at a 15 % relative risk , the effect estimate lay between the futility boundary and the inferior boundary , meaning there is reliable evidence that vitamin D supplementation does not reduce hip fractures by this amount , but uncertainty remains as to whether it might increase hip fractures .
The effect estimate lay within the futility boundary at thresholds of 0·5 % for total hip , forearm , and total body bone mineral density , and 1·0 % for lumbar spine and femoral neck , providing reliable evidence that vitamin D does not alter these outcomes by these amounts .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent fractures or falls , or have clinical ly meaningful effects on bone mineral density .
There were no differences between the effects of higher and lower doses of vitamin D. There is little justification to use vitamin D supplements to maintain or improve musculoskeletal health .
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D on fractures , falls , and bone mineral density are uncertain , particularly for high vitamin D doses .
We aim ed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fractures , falls , and bone density .