In this review we found that exercise interventions ( or lifestyle activities ) that improved cardiorespiratory exercise capacity showed the most positive impact on physical health .
CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that programs should facilitate and support women to participate in regular exercise by embedding physical activity programs in public health initiatives , by developing home-based exercise programs that require few re sources and by creating interventions that can incorporate physical activity within a healthy lifestyle .
The review also suggests that clinicians should consider prescribing exercise in a tailored manner for older women to ensure that it is of a high enough intensity to obtain the positive sustained effects of exercise
BACKGROUND Participation in regular physical activity is among the most promising and cost effective strategies to reduce physical and cognitive decline and premature death .
However , confusion remains about the amount , frequency , and duration of physical activity that is likely to provide maximum benefit as well as the way in which interventions should be delivered .
AIMS This paper aim ed to review research on the impact of leisure-time and general physical activity levels on physical and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women .
Associations between low levels of serum estradiol, bone density, and fractures among elderly women: the study of osteoporotic fractures.
To evaluate the skeletal effects of endogenous serum estradiol , we measured bone mineral density ( BMD ) at the calcaneus and radius ( single photon absorptiometry ) and at the hip and spine ( dual x-ray absorptiometry ) in 274 women aged 65 yr or more who participated in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures .  Lateral radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine were also taken , and serum was assayed for estradiol . Those who had estradiol levels from 10 - 25 pg/mL had 4.9 % , 9.6 % , 7.3 % , and 6.8 % greater BMD at total hip , calcaneus , proximal radius , and spine than those with levels below 5 pg/mL. After multiple adjustments , BMD differences remained statistically significant and corresponded to about 0.4 SD . Vertebral deformities were less prevalent among women whose estradiol level exceeded 5 pg/mL ; the multiple adjusted odds ratio was 0.4 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.2 - 0.8 ) . We conclude that physiologically low estradiol has a salutary effect on the skeleton in elderly women , possibly by reducing skeletal remodeling
In this review we found that exercise interventions ( or lifestyle activities ) that improved cardiorespiratory exercise capacity showed the most positive impact on physical health .
CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that programs should facilitate and support women to participate in regular exercise by embedding physical activity programs in public health initiatives , by developing home-based exercise programs that require few re sources and by creating interventions that can incorporate physical activity within a healthy lifestyle .
The review also suggests that clinicians should consider prescribing exercise in a tailored manner for older women to ensure that it is of a high enough intensity to obtain the positive sustained effects of exercise
BACKGROUND Participation in regular physical activity is among the most promising and cost effective strategies to reduce physical and cognitive decline and premature death .
However , confusion remains about the amount , frequency , and duration of physical activity that is likely to provide maximum benefit as well as the way in which interventions should be delivered .
AIMS This paper aim ed to review research on the impact of leisure-time and general physical activity levels on physical and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women .