Results Overall , exercise intolerance is prevalent in pediatric chronic disease .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is associated with a diverse range of health benefits .
International guidelines suggest that children should be participating in a minimum of 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity PA per day to achieve these benefits .
However , current guidelines are intended for healthy children , and thus may not be applicable to children with a chronic disease .
Specifically , the dose of PA and disease specific exercise considerations are not included in these guidelines , leaving such children with few , if any , evidence -based informed suggestions pertaining to PA .
Thus , the purpose of this narrative review was to consider current literature in the area of exercise as medicine and provide practical applications for exercise in five prevalent pediatric chronic diseases : respiratory , congenital heart , metabolic , systemic inflammatory/autoimmune , and cancer .
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish pre-school-aged children.
UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a current , nationally representative , r and om sample of pre-school-aged children in Pol and and to compare their overweight and obesity rates with their peers from the US and Norway . MATERIAL AND METHODS The height and weight were measured in a total of 5026 r and omly sample d children aged 2 - 6 years and their Body Mass Index was calculated . The prevalence of overweight including obesity was determined using three definitions , i.e. those formulated by the International Obesity Task Force ( IOTF ) , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) . RESULTS The overall prevalence of overweight including obesity in boys was 12.2 % , 12.2 % , 17.2 % and in girls 15.0 % , 10.0 % , 19.1 % according to the IOTF , WHO , CDC definition , respectively , and did not significantly differ in comparison with their US and Norwegian peers . The overall prevalence of obesity in boys was : 4.4 % , 4.9 % , 8.9 % and in girls : 3.8 % , 3.4 % , 7.6 % , according to the IOTF , WHO , CDC definition , respectively . Among Polish girls the obesity rate was higher compared to the female US peers . The obesity rate was higher in Polish boys compared to their Norwegian peers . CONCLUSION The estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity varied substantially by age group , gender and depending on the definition used .  Obesity rates among Polish girls and boys were higher compared to their American and Norwegian peers . The influence of overweight definitions should be taken into account when study ing childhood overweight and obesity . Overweight and obesity preventive programs should be implemented at preschool age
Results Overall , exercise intolerance is prevalent in pediatric chronic disease .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is associated with a diverse range of health benefits .
International guidelines suggest that children should be participating in a minimum of 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity PA per day to achieve these benefits .
However , current guidelines are intended for healthy children , and thus may not be applicable to children with a chronic disease .
Specifically , the dose of PA and disease specific exercise considerations are not included in these guidelines , leaving such children with few , if any , evidence -based informed suggestions pertaining to PA .
Thus , the purpose of this narrative review was to consider current literature in the area of exercise as medicine and provide practical applications for exercise in five prevalent pediatric chronic diseases : respiratory , congenital heart , metabolic , systemic inflammatory/autoimmune , and cancer .