Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status.
OBJECTIVE The paucity of data concerning the long-term natural history of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , a common childhood psychiatric disorder , prompted a longitudinal study to investigate the adult sequelae of the childhood disorder . DESIGN Prospect i ve study , follow-up intervals ranging from 13 to 19 years ( mean , 16 years ) , with blind systematic clinical assessment s. SUBJECTS Ninety-one white males ( mean age , 26 years ) , representing 88 % of a cohort systematic ally diagnosed as hyperactive in childhood , and 95 ( 95 % ) of comparison cases of similar race , gender , age , whose teachers had voiced no complaints about their school behavior in childhood . RESULTS Prob and s had significantly higher rates than comparisons of ADHD symptoms ( 11 % vs 1 % ) , antisocial personality disorders ( 18 % vs 2 % ) , and drug abuse disorders ( 16 % vs 4 % ) . Significant comorbidity occurred between antisocial and drug disorders . Educational and occupational achievements were significantly compromised in the prob and s. These disadvantages were independent of psychiatric status . We did not find increased rates of affective or anxiety disorders in the prob and s. CONCLUSIONS Childhood ADHD predicts specific adult psychiatric disorders , namely antisocial and drug abuse disorders . In the adolescent outcome of this cohort , we found that these disturbances were dependent on the continuation of ADHD symptoms . In contrast , in adulthood , antisocial and drug disorders appeared , in part , independent of sustained ADHD . In addition , regardless of psychiatric status , ADHD placed children at relative risk for educational and vocational disadvantage . The results do not support a relationship between childhood ADHD and adult mood or anxiety disorders
Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .