The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .
Low-serum carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid interactions predict mortality in US adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Evidence regarding the health benefits of carotenoids is controversial . Effects of serum carotenoids and their interactions on mortality have not been examined in a representative sample of US adults . The objective was to examine whether serum carotenoid concentrations predict  mortality among US adults . The study consisted of adults aged ≥20 years enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 1988 to 1994 , with measured serum carotenoids and mortality follow-up through 2006 ( N = 13,293 ) . Outcomes were all-cause , cardiovascular disease , and cancer mortality . In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models , participants in the lowest total carotenoid quartile ( < 1.01 μmol/L ) had significantly higher all-cause mortality ( mortality rate ratio , 1.38 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.15 - 1.65 ; P = .005 ) than those in the highest total carotenoid quartile ( > 1.75 μmol/L ) . For α-carotene , the highest quartile ( > 0.11 μmol/L ) had the lowest all-cause mortality rates ( P < .001 ) . For lycopene , the middle 2 quartiles ( 0.29 - 0.58 μmol/L ) had the lowest all-cause mortality rates ( P = .047 ) . Analyses with continuous carotenoids confirmed associations of serum total carotenoids , α-carotene , and lycopene with all-cause mortality ( P < .001 ) . In a r and om survival forest analysis , very low lycopene was the carotenoid most strongly predictive of all-cause mortality , followed by very low total carotenoids . α-Carotene/β-cryptoxanthin , α-carotene/lutein+zeaxanthin and lycopene/lutein+zeaxanthin interactions were significantly related to all-cause mortality ( P < .05 ) . Low α-carotene was the only carotenoid associated with cardiovascular disease mortality ( P = .002 ) . No carotenoids were significantly associated with cancer mortality . Very low serum total carotenoid , α-carotene , and lycopene concentrations may be risk factors for mortality , but carotenoids show interaction effects on mortality . Interventions of balanced carotenoid combinations are needed for confirmation
The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .