Conclusion Probiotic supplementation seemed to be able to reduce the risk of a newborn 's hyperbilirubinemia and improve glycemic control , blood lipid profiles and inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women with GDM .
Background Previous studies showed that probiotics could improve glycemic control and attenuate some of the adverse effects of type 2 diabetes .
However , whether the effects are generalizable to gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) remains uncertain .
Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplement in GDM .
The effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study was design ed to assess the effects of combined vitamin D and probiotic supplementation on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes ( GDM ) . METHODS This r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 87 women with GDM . Patients were r and omly assigned three groups to receive either vitamin D ( 50,000 IU/every 2 weeks ) plus probiotic ( 8 × 109 CFU/day ) ( n = 30 ) , probiotic ( 8 × 109 CFU/day ) ( n = 29 ) or placebo ( n = 28 ) for 6 weeks . RESULTS Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose ( β -10.99 mg/dL ; 95 % CI , -14.26 , -7.73 ; P < 0.001 ) , serum insulin levels ( β -1.95 μIU/mL ; 95 % CI , -3.05 , -0.84 ; P = 0.001 ) and homeostasis model of assessment -insulin resistance ( β -0.76 ; 95 % CI , -1.06 , -0.45 ; P < 0.001 ) , and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( β 0.01 ; 95 % CI , 0.008 , 0.03 ; P = 0.001 ) compared with the placebo . In addition , vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation result ed in a significant reduction in triglycerides ( β -37.56 mg/dL ; 95 % CI , -51.55 , -23.56 ; P < 0.001 ) , VLDL- ( β -7.51 mg/dL ; 95 % CI , -10.31 , -4.71 ; P < 0.001 ) , HDL-/total cholesterol ratio ( β -0.52 ; 95 % CI , -0.79 , -0.24 ; P < 0.001 ) , high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( β -1.80 mg/L ; 95 % CI , -2.53 , -1.08 ; P < 0.001 ) and malondialdehyde ( β -0.43 μmol/L ; 95 % CI , -0.77 , -0.09 ; P = 0.01 ) ; also , a significant rise in HDL-cholesterol ( β 4.09 mg/dL ; 95 % CI , 1.11 , 7.08 ; P = 0.008 ) and total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) levels ( β 97.77 mmol/L ; 95 % CI , 52.34 , 143.19 ; P < 0.001 ) were observed compared with the placebo . Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation did not change other metabolic parameters  . Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation  significantly decreased triglycerides ( P = 0.02 ) , VLDL-cholesterol ( P = 0.02 ) and hs-CRP ( P = 0.01 ) , and significantly increased TAC ( P = 0.006 ) and total glutathione levels ( P = 0.04 ) compared with only probiotic group . CONCLUSIONS In conclusion , vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation  in women with GDM had beneficial effects on metabolic status . This trial was registered at www.i rct .ir as I RCT 201706075623N119
Conclusion Probiotic supplementation seemed to be able to reduce the risk of a newborn 's hyperbilirubinemia and improve glycemic control , blood lipid profiles and inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women with GDM .
Background Previous studies showed that probiotics could improve glycemic control and attenuate some of the adverse effects of type 2 diabetes .
However , whether the effects are generalizable to gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) remains uncertain .
Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplement in GDM .