All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Effects of music on anxiety and pain in children with cerebral palsy receiving acupuncture: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of music on anxiety and pain in children with cerebral palsy receiving acupuncture daily in a clinical setting . DESIGN A r and omized controlled trial . SETTING Acupuncture Unit at Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shenzhen City of China . PARTICIPANTS Sixty children with cerebral palsy undergoing acupuncture . METHODS INTERVENTION Children listened to their favorite music or a blank disc for 30 min . MEASUREMENTS ( 1 ) the modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale for children 's anxiety ( mYPAS ) ; ( 2 ) children 's hospital of eastern Ontario pain scale ( CHEOPS ) and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale ( FACES ) for pain intensity ; ( 3 ) vital signs including mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate ( HR ) and respiratory rate ( RR ) . RESULTS An independent sample t-test showed significantly lower mYPAS scores in the music group 30 min after the intervention compared with the control group ( t=4.72 , P=0.00 ) . Significant differences between groups were found in mYPAS scores ( F=4.270 , d.f.=1 , P=0.043 , Partial eta(2)=0.069 ) and over treatment duration ( F=143.421 , d.f.=1.521 , P=0.000 , Partial eta(2)=0.712 ) . A significant interaction was also found ( F=4.298 , d.f.=1.521 , P=0.025 , Partial eta(2)=0.069 ) . LSD 's post hoc testing confirmed that the mYPAS scores significantly increased from the baseline to 1 min ( P=0.000 , 95 % CI 14.913 , 20.257 ) and then gradually decreased from 1 to 30min ( P=0.000 , 95 % CI -18.952 , -13.714 ) . For pain intensity scores , a highly significant time effect was found in both the CHEOPS ( F=87.347 , d.f.=2 , P=0.000 , Partial eta(2)=0.601 ) and FACES ( F=225.871 , d.f.=1.822 , P=0.000 , Partial eta(2)=0.796 ) , and a significant interaction effect was found as well ( F=4.369 , d.f.=2 , P=0.015 , Partial eta(2)=0.070 ; F=5.859 , d.f.=1.822 , P=0.005 , Partial eta(2)=0.092 ) . However , no significant difference between groups was present ( F=2.343 , d.f.=1 , P=0.131 , Partial eta(2)=0.039 ; F=3.738 , d.f.=1 , P=0.058 , Partial eta(2)=0.061 ) . Significant differences between groups were found in MAP and HR ( P<0.05 ) and over time ( P<0.05 ) , but no significant effects in RR were apparent ( P>0.05 ) . A significant interaction effect was found in HR ( P<0.05 ) , but not in MAP or RR ( P>0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that listening to music while receiving acupuncture can relieve anxiety among children with cerebral palsy ; however , no effect was observed in terms of pain reduction . Further research is needed to explore the types of music which best impact an individual 's treatment . Whether music results in fewer accidents and side effects of acupuncture should be investigated . Music can be considered as adjunctive therapy in clinical situations that may be anxiety-provoking for children
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .