METHODS The results of recent systematic review s are discussed and supplemented with relevant literature not included in these review s. PubMed was search ed for the years 2006 - 2011 for additional topics not sufficiently covered by the review s. RESULTS PA was associated with lower blood pressure and a healthier lipid blood profile in children .
The association was stronger when a composite risk factor score was analysed , and the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were even stronger .
Muscle strength and endurance exercise each had an effect on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity even if the effect was smaller for muscle strength than for aerobic exercise .
New evidence suggests possible effects of PA  on C-reactive protein .
CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence that PA can have beneficial effects on the risk factors of CVD in children .
BACKGROUND A number of recent systematic review s have result ed in changes in international recommendations for children 's participation in physical activity ( PA ) for health .
The World Health Authority ( WHO ) has recently released new recommendations .
The WHO still recommends 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , but also emphasises that these minutes should be on top of everyday physical activities .
Everyday physical activities total around 30 min of MVPA in the quintile of the least active children , which means that the new recommendations constitute more activity in total compared with earlier recommendations .
OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence justifying new PA recommendation for cardiovascular health in children .
School-based intervention acutely improves insulin sensitivity and decreases inflammatory markers and body fatness in junior high school students.
CONTEXT Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) include obesity , family history , dyslipidemia , a proinflammatory state , impaired insulin secretory capacity , and insulin resistance . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 3- to 4-month school-based intervention consisting of health , nutrition , and exercise classes plus an aerobic exercise program on diabetes risk . DESIGN This study was a r and omized before/after controlled trial . METHODS Seventy-three eighth- grade students in a predominantly Hispanic New York City public school were divided into a control group ( studied twice without receiving the intervention ) and an experimental group ( studied before and after the intervention ) . OUTCOME MEASURES We measured body fatness ( bioelectrical impedance ) , insulin sensitivity , beta-cell function ( insulin release in response to an iv glucose load corrected for insulin sensitivity ) , lipid profiles , and circulating concentrations of IL-6 , C-reactive protein , adiponectin , and TNF-alpha . RESULTS Participation in the intervention was associated with significant reductions in body fatness , insulin resistance , and circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 , irrespective of somatotype on enrollment . CONCLUSION Short-term school-based health , nutrition , and exercise intervention is beneficial to all students and affects multiple diabetes risk factors
METHODS The results of recent systematic review s are discussed and supplemented with relevant literature not included in these review s. PubMed was search ed for the years 2006 - 2011 for additional topics not sufficiently covered by the review s. RESULTS PA was associated with lower blood pressure and a healthier lipid blood profile in children .
The association was stronger when a composite risk factor score was analysed , and the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were even stronger .
Muscle strength and endurance exercise each had an effect on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity even if the effect was smaller for muscle strength than for aerobic exercise .
New evidence suggests possible effects of PA  on C-reactive protein .
CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence that PA can have beneficial effects on the risk factors of CVD in children .
BACKGROUND A number of recent systematic review s have result ed in changes in international recommendations for children 's participation in physical activity ( PA ) for health .
The World Health Authority ( WHO ) has recently released new recommendations .
The WHO still recommends 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , but also emphasises that these minutes should be on top of everyday physical activities .
Everyday physical activities total around 30 min of MVPA in the quintile of the least active children , which means that the new recommendations constitute more activity in total compared with earlier recommendations .
OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence justifying new PA recommendation for cardiovascular health in children .