Conclusion Overall , our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury , and strongly suggest that strength , on average , recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury
Background An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury .
Objective The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event .
Antioxidants do not prevent postexercise peroxidation and may delay muscle recovery.
PURPOSE This study aim ed to determine the effects of 4 wk of antioxidants ( AOX ) supplementation on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation , muscle damage , and inflammation in kayakers . METHODS Subjects ( n = 20 ) were r and omly assigned to receive a placebo ( PLA ) or an AOX capsule ( AOX ; 272 mg of alpha-tocopherol , 400 mg of vitamin C , 30 mg of beta-carotene , 2 mg of lutein , 400 mug of selenium , 30 mg of zinc , and 600 mg of magnesium ) . Blood sample s were collected at rest and 15 min after a 1000-m kayak race , both before and after the supplementation period , for analysis of alpha-tocopherol , alpha-carotene , beta-carotene , lycopene , lutein plus zeaxanthin , vitamin C , uric acid , total AOX status ( TAS ) , thiobarbituric reactive acid substances ( TBARS ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) levels , and creatine kinase ( CK ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , glutathione reductase ( Gr ) , and glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) activities . RESULTS With supplementation , plasma alpha-tocopherol ( P = 0.003 ) and beta-carotene ( P = 0.007 ) augmented significantly in the AOX group . IL-6 ( exercise , P = 0.039 ) , TBARS ( exercise , P < 0.001 ) , and uric acid ( exercise , P = 0.032 ) increased significantly in response to the exercise regardless of treatment group . Cortisol level raised more from pre- to postsupplementation period in the PLA group ( time x supplementation , P = 0.002 ) . Although TAS declined after exercise before intervention , it increased above preexercise values after the 4-wk period in the AOX group ( supplementation x time x exercise , P = 0.034 ) . CK increased after exercise in both groups ( exercise effect , P < 0.001 ) and decreased from week 0 to week 4 more markedly in the PLA group ( supplementation x time , P = 0.049 ) . CONCLUSIONS AOX supplementation does not offer protection against exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation and may hinder the recovery of muscle damage
Conclusion Overall , our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury , and strongly suggest that strength , on average , recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury
Background An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury .
Objective The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event .