On the basis of this review , available scientific data suggest that the administration of currently evaluated probiotic- and /or prebiotic-supplemented formula to healthy infants does not raise safety concerns with regard to growth and adverse effects .
Infant formulae are increasingly supplemented with probiotics , prebiotics , or synbiotics despite uncertainties regarding their efficacy .
The present article , developed by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology , Hepatology , and Nutrition , systematic ally review s published evidence related to the safety and health effects of the administration of formulae supplemented with probiotics and /or prebiotics compared with unsupplemented formulae .
Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by the commensal bacteria of human milk.
AIMS To study the bacterial diversity in  expressed human milk  with a focus on detecting bacteria with an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , known as a causative agent of maternal breast infections and neonatal infections . METHODS AND RESULTS R and om isolates ( n = 509 ) were collected from breast milk sample s ( n = 40 ) of healthy lactating women , genotypically identified , and tested for antimicrobial activity against Staph . aureus . Commensal staphylococci ( 64 % ) and oral streptococci ( 30 % ) , with Staph . epidermidis , Strep . salivarius , and Strep . mitis as the most frequent isolates , were the predominant bacterial species in breast milk . One-fifth of Staph . epidermidis and half of Strep . salivarius isolates suppressed growth of Staph . aureus . Enterococci ( Ent . faecalis ) , isolated from 7.5 % of sample s , and lactic acid bacteria ( LAB ) ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lact . crispatus , Lactococcus lactis , Leuconoctoc mesenteroides ) , isolated from 12.5 % of sample s , were also effective against Staph . aureus . One L. lactis isolate was shown to produce nisin , a bacteriocin used in food industry to prevent bacterial pathogens and spoilage . CONCLUSIONS Expressed breast milk contains commensal bacteria , which inhibit Staph . aureus . SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The strains inhibitory against the pathogen Staph . aureus have potential use as bacteriotherapeutic agents in preventing neonatal and maternal breast infections caused by this bacterium
On the basis of this review , available scientific data suggest that the administration of currently evaluated probiotic- and /or prebiotic-supplemented formula to healthy infants does not raise safety concerns with regard to growth and adverse effects .
Infant formulae are increasingly supplemented with probiotics , prebiotics , or synbiotics despite uncertainties regarding their efficacy .
The present article , developed by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology , Hepatology , and Nutrition , systematic ally review s published evidence related to the safety and health effects of the administration of formulae supplemented with probiotics and /or prebiotics compared with unsupplemented formulae .