In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Effects of home-based bench step exercise on inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in elderly Japanese females: A randomized controlled trial.
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based bench step exercise program on inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in elderly females . METHODS Sixty-two postmenopausal females ( 65 - 85 years of age ) were r and omized to either the bench step exercise group ( n=31 ) or the control group ( n=31 ) . The subjects in the bench step exercise group were instructed to perform bench step exercises at the exercise intensity corresponding to lactate threshold ( LT ) , three times per day 10 - 20 min each session , for a goal of ≥140 min/week at home for 12 weeks . At baseline and 12 weeks , circulating levels of nine inflammatory cytokines ( high-molecular-weight adiponectin , interleukin-4 [ IL-4 ] , IL-5 , IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-15 , tumor necrosis factor-α [ TNF-α ] , TNF-β and interferon-γ [ IFN-γ ] ) and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) were measured . RESULTS The bench step training at the LT significantly increased HDL-C levels and decreased IFN-γ concentrations in the subjects with lower ( < 63 mg/dL ) baseline HDL-C levels ( p<0.05 ) . The change in IFN-γ inversely correlated with the change in HDL-C in the exercise group ( ρ=-0.56 , p<0.01 ) , whereas this association was not observed in the control group . Additionally , principal component analysis -derived index of what we called " inflammatory status factor " was inversely associated with the changes in HDL-C in the exercise group . CONCLUSION The bench step exercise-induced  reduction in the IFN-γ levels may partially explain the degree of improvement in the HDL-C levels with the exercise program
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .