Conclusions The TFI has the most robust evidence of reliability and validity and has been the most extensively examined in terms of psychometric properties .
However , there is insufficient evidence at present to determine the best tool for use in research and clinical practice .
Background Frailty is widely recognised as a distinct multifactorial clinical syndrome that implies vulnerability .
The links between frailty and adverse outcomes such as death and institutionalisation have been widely evidence d. There is currently no gold st and ard frailty assessment tool ; optimizing the assessment of frailty in older people therefore remains a research priority .
The objective of this systematic review is to identify existing multi-component frailty assessment tools that were specifically developed to assess frailty in adults aged ≥60 years old and to systematic ally and critically evaluate the reliability and validity of these tools .
Transitions in cognitive status in relation to frailty in older adults: A Comparison of three frailty measures
Objectives Cognitive decline is related to frailty . Frailty can be operationalized in different ways , which have an unknown impact on the estimation of risk . Here , we compared 3 frailty measures in relation to cognitive changes and mortality in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging ( CSHA ) . Design Prospect i ve population -based study , with 5 year follow up . Participants / Setting 2,305 subjects aged 70 + years . Methods For each participant , cognitive status was measured by the errors in the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination ( 3MS ) score .  Three frailty measures were used : a Frailty Index based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment ( FI-CGA ) evaluated from 47 potential deficits , a Clinical Frailty Score and the Fried frailty phenotype . Multivariate Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the association between baseline cognitive errors and frailty and death , respectively , while controlling for possible confounders ( age , sex , education , and baseline cognitive status ) . Results Changes in cognitive status were strongly associated with baseline cognition and frailty , however defined . In multivariate models adjusted for age , sex and education , each frailty measure was associated with cognitive decline and with mortality . The frailest people ( from the highest FI-CGA tertile ) rarely showed cognitive improvement or stabilization ( 1.5 % , 95 % CI=0.002%–2.8 % ) compared with non-frail people ( from the lowest tertile of the FI-CGA ) , of whom 27.8 % ( 95 % CI=24.5%–31.1 % ) did not deteriorate . Conclusions Frail elderly people have an increased risk of cognitive decline . All frailty measures allowed quantification of individual vulnerability and predict both cognitive changes and mortality
Conclusions The TFI has the most robust evidence of reliability and validity and has been the most extensively examined in terms of psychometric properties .
However , there is insufficient evidence at present to determine the best tool for use in research and clinical practice .
Background Frailty is widely recognised as a distinct multifactorial clinical syndrome that implies vulnerability .
The links between frailty and adverse outcomes such as death and institutionalisation have been widely evidence d. There is currently no gold st and ard frailty assessment tool ; optimizing the assessment of frailty in older people therefore remains a research priority .
The objective of this systematic review is to identify existing multi-component frailty assessment tools that were specifically developed to assess frailty in adults aged ≥60 years old and to systematic ally and critically evaluate the reliability and validity of these tools .