Conclusions Plant-based diets are associated with decreased total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , but not with decreased triglycerides .
Context Although a recent meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials showed that adoption of a vegetarian diet reduces plasma lipids , the association between vegetarian diets and long-term effects on plasma lipids has not been subjected to meta- analysis .
Objective The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies and clinical trials that have examined associations between plant-based diets and plasma lipids .
Association of loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA1 gene with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of ischemic heart disease.
CONTEXT Low levels of high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol are inversely related to cardiovascular risk . Whether this is a causal effect is unclear . OBJECTIVE To determine whether genetically reduced HDL cholesterol due to heterozygosity for 4 loss-of-function mutations in ABCA1 cause increased risk of ischemic heart disease ( IHD ) . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Three studies of white individuals from Copenhagen , Denmark , were used : the Copenhagen City Heart Study ( CCHS ) , a 31-year prospect i ve general population study ( n = 9022 ; 28 heterozygotes ) ; the Copenhagen General Population Study ( CGPS ) , a cross-sectional general population study ( n = 31,241 ; 76 heterozygotes ) ; and the Copenhagen Ischemic Heart Disease Study ( CIHDS ) , a case-control study ( n = 16,623 ; 44 heterozygotes ) . End points in all 3 studies were recorded during the period of January 1 , 1976 , through July 9 , 2007 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Levels of HDL cholesterol in the general population , cellular cholesterol efflux , and the association between IHD and HDL cholesterol and genotype . RESULTS Heterozygotes vs noncarriers for 4 ABCA1 mutations ( P1065S , G1216V , N1800H , R2144X ) had HDL cholesterol levels of 41 mg/dL ( interquartile range , 31 - 50 mg/dL ) vs 58 mg/dL ( interquartile range , 46 - 73 mg/dL ) , corresponding to a reduction in HDL cholesterol of 17 mg/dL ( P < .001 ) . A 17-mg/dL lower HDL cholesterol level in the CCHS was associated with a multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio for IHD of 1.70 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.57 - 1.85 ) . However , for IHD in heterozygotes vs noncarriers , the multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio was 0.67 ( 95 % CI , 0.28 - 1.61 ; 1741 IHD events ) in the CCHS , the multifactorially adjusted odds ratio was 0.82 ( 95 % CI , 0.34 - 1.96 ; 2427 IHD events ) in the CGPS , and the multifactorially adjusted odds ratio was 0.86 ( 95 % CI , 0.32 - 2.32 ; 2498 IHD cases ) in the CIHDS . The corresponding odds ratio for IHD in heterozygotes vs noncarriers for the combined studies ( n = 41,961 ; 6666 cases ; 109 heterozygotes ) was 0.93 ( 95 % CI , 0.53 - 1.62 ) . CONCLUSION Lower plasma levels of HDL cholesterol due to heterozygosity for loss-of-function mutations in ABCA1 were not associated with an increased risk of IHD
Conclusions Plant-based diets are associated with decreased total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , but not with decreased triglycerides .
Context Although a recent meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials showed that adoption of a vegetarian diet reduces plasma lipids , the association between vegetarian diets and long-term effects on plasma lipids has not been subjected to meta- analysis .
Objective The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies and clinical trials that have examined associations between plant-based diets and plasma lipids .