Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Lifestyle as a predictor for colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic individuals
Background Lifestyle is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer ( CRC ) and is also found to be associated with occurrence of adenomas . In the present study we evaluated risk factors for both low-risk adenomas and advanced neoplasia  in asymptomatic individuals using a single-paged question naire . Aim ing to see if the question naire was a useful tool in picking up high-risk individuals . Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out within a r and omised controlled colorectal cancer screening trial ( n = 6961 ) . The population comprised men and women born between 1946 and 1950 . Before screening in year 2001 they were asked to fill in a question naire about their present lifestyle . Cases were categorised according to the most severe findings at screening . Analyses were then conducted to find risk factors associated with the presence of either low-risk adenomas or advanced neoplasia . Results The response rate among attendees was 97 % ( 3998/4111 ) . Among these , 3447 ( 86 % ) had no neoplasia , 443 ( 11 % ) had low-risk adenomas , and 108 ( 3 % ) had advanced neoplasia . Low-risk adenomas were significantly associated with current smoking , and obesity .  Participants with advanced neoplasia had a two-fold increased risk of not adhering to any of the selected lifestyle recommendations compared to controls . However , current smoking was the only variable that reached statistical significance in the multivariate analysis for these lesions . A dose-response relationship to the consumption of cigarettes per day was shown , where OR was 2.04 ( CI 1.07–3.89 ) for the lowest consumption category . Conclusion The present findings indicate that a short question naire may be adequate in picking up the most consistent associations between lifestyle risk factors and colorectal neoplasia . Smoking and BMI were found to be the most significant risk factors for neoplasia , but adhering to recommendations on diet , and physical activity seems also to be of importance
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .