Results Overall , exercise intolerance is prevalent in pediatric chronic disease .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is associated with a diverse range of health benefits .
International guidelines suggest that children should be participating in a minimum of 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity PA per day to achieve these benefits .
However , current guidelines are intended for healthy children , and thus may not be applicable to children with a chronic disease .
Specifically , the dose of PA and disease specific exercise considerations are not included in these guidelines , leaving such children with few , if any , evidence -based informed suggestions pertaining to PA .
Thus , the purpose of this narrative review was to consider current literature in the area of exercise as medicine and provide practical applications for exercise in five prevalent pediatric chronic diseases : respiratory , congenital heart , metabolic , systemic inflammatory/autoimmune , and cancer .
Higher Self-reported Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Systolic Blood Pressure: The Dietary Intervention Study in Childhood (DISC)
OBJECTIVE . Children participating in a dietary clinical trial were studied to ( 1 ) assess physical activity patterns in boys and girls longitudinally from late childhood through puberty and ( 2 ) determine the association of level of physical activity on systolic blood pressure , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and BMI . PATIENTS AND METHODS . In the Dietary Intervention Study in Childhood , a r and omized clinical trial of a reduced saturated fat and cholesterol diet in 8- to 10-year-olds with elevated low-density lipoprotein , a question naire that determined time spent in 5 intensity levels of physical activity was completed at baseline and at 1 and 3 years . An estimated-metabolic-equivalent score was calculated for weekly activity ; hours per week were calculated for intense activities . We hypothesized that weekly self-reported physical activity would be associated with lower systolic blood pressure , low-density lipoprotein , and BMI over 3 years . Longitudinal data analyses were performed for each outcome ( systolic blood pressure , low-density lipoprotein , and BMI ) by using generalized estimating equations with estimated-metabolic-equivalent score per week as the independent variable adjusted for visit , gender , and Tanner stage ( BMI was included in models for systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein ) . RESULTS . The initial study cohort comprised 663 youths ( 362 boys [ mean age : 9.7 years ] and 301 girls [ mean age : 9.0 years ) , of whom 623 ( 94 % ) completed the 3-year visit . For every 100 estimated-metabolic-equivalent hours of physical activity , there was a decrease of 1.15 mmHg of systolic blood pressure . There was a 1.28 mg/dL decline in low-density lipoprotein for a similar energy expenditure . For BMI , an analysis of intense physical activity showed that for every 10 hours of intense activity , there was a trend toward significance with a 0.2 kg/m2 decrease . CONCLUSIONS . Children with elevated cholesterol levels who lead a more physically active lifestyle have lower systolic blood pressure and a trend toward lower low-density lipoprotein over a 3-year interval . Long-term participation in intense physical activity may reduce BMI as well
Results Overall , exercise intolerance is prevalent in pediatric chronic disease .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is associated with a diverse range of health benefits .
International guidelines suggest that children should be participating in a minimum of 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity PA per day to achieve these benefits .
However , current guidelines are intended for healthy children , and thus may not be applicable to children with a chronic disease .
Specifically , the dose of PA and disease specific exercise considerations are not included in these guidelines , leaving such children with few , if any , evidence -based informed suggestions pertaining to PA .
Thus , the purpose of this narrative review was to consider current literature in the area of exercise as medicine and provide practical applications for exercise in five prevalent pediatric chronic diseases : respiratory , congenital heart , metabolic , systemic inflammatory/autoimmune , and cancer .