Conclusions  Electronic self-monitoring of mood in depression appears to be a valid measure of mood in contrast to self-monitoring of mood in mania .
Background Various paper-based mood charting instruments are used in the monitoring of symptoms in bipolar disorder .
During recent years an increasing number of electronic self-monitoring tools have been developed .
The objectives of this systematic review were 1 ) to evaluate the validity of electronic self-monitoring tools as a method of evaluating mood compared to clinical rating scales for depression and mania and 2 ) to investigate the effect of electronic self-monitoring tools on clinical ly relevant outcomes in bipolar disorder .
There are yet few studies on the effect of  electronic self-monitoring of mood  in bipolar disorder .
Online mindfulness-based intervention for late-stage bipolar disorder: pilot evidence for feasibility and effectiveness.
OBJECTIVES People in the late stage of bipolar disorder ( BD ) experience elevated relapse rates and poorer quality of life ( QoL ) compared with those in the early stages . Existing psychological interventions also appear less effective in this group . To address this need , we developed a new online mindfulness-based intervention targeting quality of life ( QoL ) in late stage BD . Here , we report on an open pilot trial of ORBIT ( online , recovery-focused , bipolar individual therapy ) . METHODS Inclusion criteria were : self-reported primary diagnosis of BD , six or more episodes of BD , under the care of a medical practitioner , access to the internet , proficient in English , 18 - 65 years of age . Primary outcome was change ( baseline - post-treatment ) on the Brief QoL.BD  ( Michalak and Murray , 2010 ) . Secondary outcomes were depression , anxiety , and stress measured on the DASS scales ( Lovibond and Lovibond , 1993 ) . RESULTS Twenty-six people consented to participate ( Age M=46.6 years , SD=12.9 , and 75 % female ) . Ten participants were lost to follow-up ( 38.5 % attrition ) . Statistically significant improvement in QoL was found for the completers , t(15)=2.88 , 95 % CI:.89 - 5.98 , p=.011 , ( Cohen׳s dz=.72 , partial η(2)=.36 ) , and the intent-to-treat sample t(25)=2.65 , 95 % CI:.47 - 3.76 , ( Cohen׳s dz=.52 ; partial η(2)=.22 ) . A non-significant trend towards improvement was found on the DASS anxiety scale ( p=.06 ) in both completer and intent-to-treat sample s , but change on depression and stress did not approach significance . LIMITATIONS This was an open trial with no comparison group , so measured improvements may not be due to specific elements of the intervention . Structured diagnostic assessment s were not conducted , and interpretation of effectiveness was limited by substantial attrition . CONCLUSION Online delivery of mindfulness-based psychological therapy for late stage BD appears feasible and effective , and ORBIT warrants full development . Modifications suggested by the pilot study include increasing the 3 weeks duration of the intervention , adding caution s about the impact of extended meditations , and addition of coaching support/monitoring to optimise engagement
Conclusions  Electronic self-monitoring of mood in depression appears to be a valid measure of mood in contrast to self-monitoring of mood in mania .
Background Various paper-based mood charting instruments are used in the monitoring of symptoms in bipolar disorder .
During recent years an increasing number of electronic self-monitoring tools have been developed .
The objectives of this systematic review were 1 ) to evaluate the validity of electronic self-monitoring tools as a method of evaluating mood compared to clinical rating scales for depression and mania and 2 ) to investigate the effect of electronic self-monitoring tools on clinical ly relevant outcomes in bipolar disorder .
There are yet few studies on the effect of  electronic self-monitoring of mood  in bipolar disorder .