PET effects on physical fitness in  healthy workers  are moderated by age ( CRF ) and occupation type ( muscular endurance ) .
Further , independently computed subgroup analyses indicated that the training period of the PET programs may play an important role in improving CRF in workers
There is evidence that physical exercise training ( PET ) conducted at the workplace is effective in improving physical fitness and thus health .
However , there is no current systematic review available that provides high-level evidence regarding the effects of PET on physical fitness in the workforce .
To quantify sex- , age- , and occupation type-specific effects of PET on physical fitness and to characterize dose – response relationships of PET modalities that could maximize gains in physical fitness in the working population .
Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
BACKGROUND Reduced muscular strength , as measured by grip strength , has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality . Grip strength is appealing as a simple , quick , and inexpensive means of stratifying an individual 's risk of cardiovascular death . However , the prognostic value of grip strength with respect to the number and range of population s and confounders is unknown . The aim of this study was to assess the independent prognostic importance of grip strength measurement in socioculturally and economically diverse countries . METHODS The Prospect i ve Urban-Rural Epidemiology ( PURE ) study is a large , longitudinal population study done in 17 countries of varying incomes and sociocultural setting s. We enrolled an unbiased sample of households , which were eligible if at least one household member was aged 35 - 70 years and if household members intended to stay at that address for another 4 years .  Participants were assessed for grip strength , measured using a Jamar dynamometer . During a median follow-up of 4.0 years ( IQR 2.9 - 5.1 ) , we assessed all-cause mortality , cardiovascular mortality , non-cardiovascular mortality , myocardial infa rct ion , stroke , diabetes , cancer , pneumonia , hospital admission for pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , hospital admission for any respiratory disease ( including COPD , asthma , tuberculosis , and pneumonia ) , injury due to fall , and fracture . Study outcomes were adjudicated using source documents by a local investigator , and a subset were adjudicated central ly . FINDINGS Between January , 2003 , and December , 2009 , a total of 142,861 participants were enrolled in the PURE study , of whom 139,691 with known vital status were included in the analysis . During a median follow-up of 4.0 years ( IQR 2.9 - 5.1 ) , 3379 ( 2 % ) of 139,691 participants died . After adjustment , the association between grip strength and each outcome , with the exceptions of cancer and hospital admission due to respiratory illness , was similar across country-income strata . Grip strength was inversely associated with all-cause mortality ( hazard ratio per 5 kg reduction in grip strength 1.16 , 95 % CI 1.13 - 1.20 ; p<0.0001 ) , cardiovascular mortality ( 1.17 , 1.11 - 1.24 ; p<0.0001 ) , non-cardiovascular mortality ( 1.17 , 1.12 - 1.21 ; p<0.0001 ) , myocardial infa rct ion ( 1.07 , 1.02 - 1.11 ; p=0.002 ) , and stroke ( 1.09 , 1.05 - 1.15 ; p<0.0001 ) . Grip strength was a stronger predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than systolic blood pressure . We found no significant association between grip strength and incident diabetes , risk of hospital admission for pneumonia or COPD , injury from fall , or fracture . In high-income countries , the risk of cancer and grip strength were positively associated ( 0.916 , 0.880 - 0.953 ; p<0.0001 ) , but this association was not found in middle-income and low-income countries . INTERPRETATION This study suggests that measurement of grip strength is a simple , inexpensive risk-stratifying method for all-cause death , cardiovascular death , and cardiovascular disease . Further research is needed to identify determinants of muscular strength and to test whether improvement in strength reduces mortality and cardiovascular disease . FUNDING Full funding sources listed at end of paper ( see Acknowledgments )
PET effects on physical fitness in  healthy workers  are moderated by age ( CRF ) and occupation type ( muscular endurance ) .
Further , independently computed subgroup analyses indicated that the training period of the PET programs may play an important role in improving CRF in workers
There is evidence that physical exercise training ( PET ) conducted at the workplace is effective in improving physical fitness and thus health .
However , there is no current systematic review available that provides high-level evidence regarding the effects of PET on physical fitness in the workforce .
To quantify sex- , age- , and occupation type-specific effects of PET on physical fitness and to characterize dose – response relationships of PET modalities that could maximize gains in physical fitness in the working population .