Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .
Effects of Feldenkrais exercises on balance, mobility, balance confidence, and gait performance in community-dwelling adults age 65 and older.
BACKGROUND Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health concern , a financial challenge for health care providers , and critical issues for older adults . Poor balance and limited mobility are major risk factors for falls . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine effects of Feldenkrais exercises in improving balance , mobility , and balance confidence in older adults . METHODS Participants ( N = 47 , mean age 75.6 ) were r and omly assigned to a Feldenkrais group ( FG , n = 25 ) or to a control group ( CG , n = 22 ) . The FG group attended a 5-week Feldenkrais program , 60 minutes three times per week , while the CG group was a waitlist control . The outcome measures were balance ( t and em stance ) , mobility ( Timed Up and Go ) , gait characteristics ( GAITRite Walkway System ) , balance confidence ( Balance Confidence Scale ; ABC ) , and fear of falling ( Falls Efficacy Scale ) . Pre- and post-tests were conducted . RESULTS After completion of the program , balance ( p = 0.030 ) and mobility ( p = 0.042 ) increased while fear of falling ( p = 0.042 ) decreased significantly for the FG group . No other significant changes were observed . However , participants of the FG group showed improvements in balance confidence ( p = 0.054 ) and mobility while performing concurrently a cognitive task ( p = 0.067 ) . CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Feldenkrais exercises are an effective way to improve balance and mobility , and thus offer an alternative method to help offset age-related declines in mobility and reduce the risk of falling among community-dwelling older adults . A long-term follow-up study of balance and mobility is warranted . Further research is needed to identify whether Feldenkrais exercises may impact cognitive processes
Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .