In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women.
CONTEXT Sugar-sweetened beverages like soft drinks and fruit punches contain large amounts of readily absorbable sugars and may contribute to weight gain and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes , but these relationships have been minimally addressed in adults . OBJECTIVE To examine the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight change and  risk of type 2 diabetes in women . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Prospect i ve cohort analyses conducted from 1991 to 1999 among women in the Nurses ' Health Study II . The diabetes analysis included 91,249 women free of diabetes and other major chronic diseases at baseline in 1991 . The weight change analysis included 51,603 women for whom complete dietary information and body weight were ascertained in 1991 , 1995 , and 1999 . We identified 741 incident cases of confirmed type 2 diabetes during 716,300 person-years of follow-up . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight gain and incidence of type 2 diabetes . RESULTS Those with stable consumption patterns had no difference in weight gain , but weight gain over a 4-year period was highest among women who increased their sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption from 1 or fewer drinks per week to 1 or more drinks per day ( multivariate-adjusted means , 4.69 kg for 1991 to 1995 and 4.20 kg for 1995 to 1999 ) and was smallest among women who decreased their intake ( 1.34 and 0.15 kg for the 2 periods , respectively ) after adjusting for lifestyle and dietary confounders . Increased consumption of fruit punch was also associated with greater weight gain compared with decreased consumption . After adjustment for potential confounders , women consuming 1 or more sugar-sweetened soft drinks per day had a relative risk [ RR ] of type 2 diabetes of 1.83 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.42 - 2.36 ; P<.001 for trend ) compared with those who consumed less than 1 of these beverages per month . Similarly , consumption of fruit punch was associated with increased diabetes risk ( RR for > or = 1 drink per day compared with < 1 drink per month , 2.00 ; 95 % CI , 1.33 - 3.03 ; P = .001 ) . CONCLUSION Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a greater magnitude of weight gain and an increased risk for development of  type 2 diabetes in women , possibly by providing excessive calories and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .