In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training vs. Pilates training on balance and muscle function in older women: a randomized-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with decline in physical function that could result in the development of physical impairment and disability . Hence , interventions that simultaneously challenge balance ability , trunk ( core ) and extremity strength of older adults could be particularly effective in preserving and enhancing these physical functions . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training utilizing the a special computer-controlled device ( Huber ® ) with the conventional Pilates training on balance ability , neuromuscular function and body composition of healthy older women . METHODS Thirty-four older women ( age : 70±4 years ) were r and omly assigned to a  Huber group ( n=17 ) or Pilates group  ( n=17 ) . Both groups trained for 8 weeks , 3 times a week . Maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors , extensors , and lateral flexors , leg power , upper-body strength , single- and dual-task static balance , and body composition were measured before and after the intervention programs . RESULTS Significant group × time interactions and main effects of time ( p<0.05 ) were found for body composition , balance ability in st and ard and dual-task conditions , all trunk muscle strength variables , and leg power in favor of the Huber group . The observed improvements in balance ability under both st and ard and dual-task conditions in the Huber group were mainly the result of enhanced postural control in medial-lateral direction ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Feedback-based balance and core resistance training proved to be more effective in improving single- and dual-task balance ability , trunk muscle strength , leg power , and body composition of healthy older women than the traditional Pilates training
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .