The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .
Smoking induces insulin resistance--a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome.
OBJECTIVES The acute effect of smoking and snuffing on insulin sensitivity was studied in a group of healthy habitual smokers . DESIGN The euglycaemic clamp technique was combined with the subcutaneous injection of a bolus ( 0.1 U kg-1 ) of fast-acting insulin ( Actrapid ) . R and omized subjects smoked either one cigarette per hour for 6 h , took one bag-packed snuff per hour for 6 h or refrained from nicotine for 48 h before as well as during the clamp . SUBJECTS Seven healthy smokers , four females and three males , of normal weight ( BMI , mean + /- SEM , 21 + /- 0.7 kg m-2 with a range of 18.6 - 23.9 ) , aged 31 + /- 2 years ( range 24 - 35 years ) , who had consumed at least 20 cigarettes per day for at least 5 years were studied . They were recruited through an advertisement in a newspaper . RESULTS The steady-state plasma nicotine levels were similar during smoking and snuffing . The insulin and glucose levels were also similar during all three clamps . Smoking , but not snuffing , impaired insulin action ( P < 0.05 ) mainly due to a lower peripheral glucose uptake . The mean growth hormone levels during the 6-h study were more than doubled during smoking ( P < 0.01 ) while no significant differences were seen in the other counter-regulatory hormones . CONCLUSION Smoking ( also in habitual smokers ) acutely impairs insulin action and leads to insulin resistance . Thus , smoking can be of importance for the development of the insulin resistance syndrome associated with risk for cardiovascular disease
The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .