Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .
Does reducing withdrawal severity mediate nicotine patch efficacy? A randomized clinical trial.
Nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) repeatedly has been shown to improve smoking treatment outcome . The major mechanism posited for this improvement in outcome is that NRT reduces nicotine craving and withdrawal . The authors tested this hypothesized mechanism of action using real-time data on craving and withdrawal , collected by ecological momentary assessment s administered on a palm-top computer . Smokers ( N = 324 ) were r and omized to receive either active high-dose ( 35 mg ) 24-hr patches or placebo . Increases in positive affect and decreases in craving , negative affect , and attention disturbance severity were related to lower risk of lapsing . Although NRT treatment did significantly decrease withdrawal and craving severity , these reductions only partially accounted for NRT 's impact on time to first lapse : The results from a mediation analysis showed that the hazard ratio for NRT , when controlling for withdrawal and craving severity , was only a third to a half lower than the uncontrolled hazard ratio for NRT alone . This suggests that other mechanisms for the effectiveness of NRT need to be examined
Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .