No tests for impingement or acromioclavicular ( AC ) joint pathology demonstrated significant diagnostic accuracy .
Based on pooled data , the diagnostic accuracy of the Neer test for impingement , the Hawkins-Kennedy test for impingement and the Speed test for labral pathology is limited .
Currently , almost without exception , there is a lack of clarity with regard to whether common OSTs used in clinical examination are useful in differentially diagnosing pathologies of the shoulder
OBJECTIVE To compile and critique research on the diagnostic accuracy of individual  orthopaedic physical examination tests in a manner that would allow clinicians to judge whether these tests are valuable to their practice .
Forced shoulder abduction and elbow flexion test: a new simple clinical test to detect superior labral injury in the throwing shoulder.
PURPOSE Although several clinical tests for detecting superior labral injury of the shoulder have been reported , some of the maneuvers involved are complicated and diagnosis is still inaccurate . The purpose of this report is to introduce our forced shoulder abduction and elbow flexion test ( forced abduction test ) along with an assessment of its efficacy in the throwing shoulder in comparison with other clinical tests . TYPE OF STUDY Prospect i ve nonr and omized clinical trial . METHODS Fifty-four throwing athletes who underwent arthroscopic surgery were prospect ively studied . Superior labral injury was present in 24 cases ( Snyder 's classification was type 2 in 22 , and type 3 in 2 ) . Several clinical tests were performed preoperatively and the results were recorded on our original chart . The condition of the superior labrum was then examined during arthroscopic surgery . The results of these tests were compared with the arthroscopic findings as a st and ard . The forced abduction test was defined as positive when pain at the posterosuperior aspect of the shoulder on forced maximal abduction was relieved or diminished by elbow flexion . RESULTS The sensitivity , specificity , and accuracy of the forced abduction test were 67 % , 67 % , and 67 % , respectively . It was one of the most useful tests , along with the crank test and O'Brien 's test ( crank test , 58 % , 72 % , 66 % ; O'Brien 's test , 54 % , 60 % , 57 % ; respectively ) . Furthermore , the results of the forced abduction test showed a significant correlation with the presence of superior labral injury ( P = .0275 , chi-square test ) . CONCLUSIONS The forced abduction test was technically simple and its usefulness was comparable to the O'Brien 's and crank tests for diagnosing superior labral injury in throwing shoulders . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II
No tests for impingement or acromioclavicular ( AC ) joint pathology demonstrated significant diagnostic accuracy .
Based on pooled data , the diagnostic accuracy of the Neer test for impingement , the Hawkins-Kennedy test for impingement and the Speed test for labral pathology is limited .
Currently , almost without exception , there is a lack of clarity with regard to whether common OSTs used in clinical examination are useful in differentially diagnosing pathologies of the shoulder
OBJECTIVE To compile and critique research on the diagnostic accuracy of individual  orthopaedic physical examination tests in a manner that would allow clinicians to judge whether these tests are valuable to their practice .