This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Analgesic effect of low‐dose intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
We assessed the peri‐operative analgesic efficiency of low‐dose intrathecal morphine combined with a low dose of bupivacaine  after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy since postoperative pain in such procedures , although less than after a conventional open technique , may be significant , particularly during the first 12–24 h. After informed consent , 34 ASA I or II patients were r and omly allocated to one of two groups to receive either a lumbar intrathecal injection of morphine ( 75 or 100 μg ) combined with 5 mg of isobaric bupivacaine ( spinal group ) or a subcutaneous injection of a saline solution ( control group ) . Intra‐operatively , opioid requirements , blood pressure response and heart rate changes after insufflation were recorded . Postoperatively , morphine requirements , pain scores and opioid‐related side‐effects were assessed by a physician blinded to the r and omisation . Intra‐operative opioid requirements did not differ significantly between groups . Mean ( SD ) postoperative morphine requirements were significantly lower in the spinal group [ 13 ( 10 ) vs. 23 ( 10 ) mg ; p = 0.04 ] as were postoperative pain scores ( p < 0.001 ) . Side‐effects were of comparable incidence and severity between groups . Low‐dose intrathecal morphine combined with low‐dose bupivacaine provided effective postoperative analgesia for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .