Conclusions Leisure time physical activity may reduce the risk of chronic LBP by 11%–16 % .
Background There are plausible mechanisms whereby leisure time physical activity may protect against  low back pain ( LBP )  but there have been no quality systematic review s and meta-analyses of the subject .
Objective This review aims to assess the effect of leisure time physical activity on non-specific LBP .
Does physical activity moderate the relationship between depression symptomatology and low back pain? Cohort and co-twin control analyses nested in the longitudinal study of aging Danish twins (LSADT)
Purpose To investigate whether depression symptomatology is associated with low back pain ( LBP ) in twins aged 70 + and whether this effect depends on a person ’s physical activity ( PA ) status . Methods This prospect i ve cohort and nested case – control study used a nationally representative sample of twins . Data on depression symptomatology ( modified Cambridge Mental Disorders Examination ) and  self-reported PA were obtained from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins using twins without LBP at baseline . Associations between depression symptomatology ( highest quartile ) at baseline and LBP two years later were investigated using logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex . To examine the moderating effect of PA , we tested its interaction with depression . Associations were analysed using the complete sample of 2446 twins and a matched case – control analysis of 97 twin pairs discordant for LBP at follow-up . Odds ratios ( OR ) with 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were calculated . Results Using the whole sample , high depression scores were associated with an increased probability of LBP ( OR 1.56 , 95 % CI 1.22–1.99 , P ≤ 0.01 ) . There was no statistically significant interaction of light PA and depression symptomatology ( OR 0.78 , 95 % CI 0.46–1.35 , P = 0.39 ) and strenuous PA and depression symptomatology ( 0.84 , 95 % CI 0.50–1.41 , P = 0.51 ) . The case – control analysis showed similar ORs , although statistically insignificant . Conclusions High depression symptomatology predicted incident LBP . This effect is supposedly not attributable to genetic or shared environmental factors . Physical activity did not moderate the effect of depression symptomatology on LBP
Conclusions Leisure time physical activity may reduce the risk of chronic LBP by 11%–16 % .
Background There are plausible mechanisms whereby leisure time physical activity may protect against  low back pain ( LBP )  but there have been no quality systematic review s and meta-analyses of the subject .
Objective This review aims to assess the effect of leisure time physical activity on non-specific LBP .