Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on  PA  levels in community-dwelling older adults , with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation
Exercise is a form of physical activity ( PA ) .
PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults .
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure , and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65 + year-old adults .
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Balance Training on Physical Activity in Older Adults With Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Background and Purpose : We have developed a 12-week balance training program for older adults shown to improve fall-related concerns , gait speed , balance performance , and physical function . We hypothesized that this balance training would also contribute to higher habitual physical activity ( PA ) levels and improved health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) . The primary aim was to evaluate short- and long-term effects of the balance training program on objective ly measured habitual PA in older adults with osteoporosis . Secondary aims were to assess the effects of the balance training on HRQoL , and to study whether any effects on PA were associated with changes in HRQoL , gait speed , balance performance , fall-related concerns , and physical function . Methods : A r and omized controlled trial with follow-up at 3 , 9 , and 15 months , including 91 participants with osteoporosis ( 75.6 ± 5.4 years ) , compared a balance training group  ( n = 61 ) with a control group ( n = 30 ) . The primary outcome was effect on habitual PA measured as steps/day , dichotomized into less than 5000 or 5000 or more steps/day . Physical activity was assessed with pedometers ( Yamax ) and accelerometers ( Actigraph ) , HRQoL with the Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) , gait with a GAITRite walkway , balance performance with Modified-Figure-Eight test and one-leg stance , fall-related concerns with Falls Efficacy Scale International , and physical function with the advanced lower extremity subscale of the question naire Late Life Function and Disability Instrument . Statistical methods used were multivariate logistic regression and logistic generalized estimating equation . Results : Sixty-eight participants completed the short-term follow-up at 3 months , and 53 participants completed the long-term follow-up at 15 months . Per- protocol analysis ( n = 68 ) showed that the odds ratio for having a daily step count of 5000 or more at 3 months was 6.17 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.23 - 30.91 ) , P = .027 , for the intervention group compared with the control group . The longitudinal analysis ( n = 91 ) showed that the odds ratio for having a daily step count of 5000 or more at 15 months was 2.02 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.88 - 4.64 ) , P = .096 , for the intervention group compared with the control group . The mental component sum of the SF-36 improved significantly from baseline to 3 months in the intervention group , and the physical component sum improved in both groups , but no statistically significant differences were found between groups . No associations were found between PA and changes in covariates . Discussion and Conclusions : The short-term evaluation showed that balance training increased habitual PA in community-dwelling older adults with osteoporosis . A significantly higher proportion of participants in the intervention group reached a level of 5000 or more steps/day , which is important for overall health . This effect was not associated with improvements in HRQoL , gait speed , balance performance , or fall-related concerns , and did not persist through the long-term follow-up . To accomplish a sustained PA change , a prolonged intervention or more support regarding habitual PA may be required , such as reinforcement with personalized behavior change counseling or PA on prescription
Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on  PA  levels in community-dwelling older adults , with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation
Exercise is a form of physical activity ( PA ) .
PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults .
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure , and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65 + year-old adults .