In general , markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns , showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis .
Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified , suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ' cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers ' .
Non-cholesterol sterols are vali date d biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis .
However , their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematic ally explored .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders .
Cholesterol absorption decreases after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass but not after gastric banding.
The differences in cholesterol metabolism after the 2 most common forms of obesity surgery , Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) and gastric b and ing ( GB ) , have not been well characterized . In this study , effects of RYGB and GB on cholesterol absorption and synthesis were investigated . To this aim , 1-year follow-up of cholesterol metabolism in 2 nonr and omized cohorts undergoing either RYGB ( n = 29 ; age , 45.2 + /- 7.7 years ; body mass index [ BMI ] , 46.0 + /- 6.1 kg/m(2 ) ) or GB ( n = 26 ; age , 45.9 + /- 8.6 years ; BMI , 50.1 + /- 7.7 kg/m(2 ) ) was performed in a university hospital center specializing in the treatment of morbid obesity .  Serum markers of cholesterol synthesis ( cholestenol , desmosterol , and lathosterol ) and cholesterol absorption ( campesterol , sitosterol , avenasterol , and cholestanol ) were measured preoperatively and at follow-up and expressed as ratios to cholesterol . As expected based on observed weight loss ( 25 % after RYGB and 17 % after GB , P < .001 between groups ) , both operations decreased serum levels of cholesterol synthesis markers by 12 % to 28 % ( all Ps < .001 ) . A decrease in cholesterol absorption markers was only observed after RYGB ( -26 % for sitosterol ) and not after GB ( + 16 % , P = 2 x 10(-6 ) for difference between the groups ) . The difference in sitosterol ratio between the groups remained significant after adjustment for age , BMI , fasting insulin levels , and nutritional status ( P = 2 x 10(-4 ) ) , indicating a specific effect related to RYGB . We conclude that decrease in cholesterol absorption is a novel beneficial effect of RYGB . Together with an improved control of blood glucose , this may contribute to a better cardiovascular risk profile after RYGB
In general , markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns , showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis .
Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified , suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ' cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers ' .
Non-cholesterol sterols are vali date d biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis .
However , their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematic ally explored .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders .