Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Neurofeedback in ADHD: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . However , previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a r and omized reinforcer-controlled design . This study addresses those method ological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD : EEG neurofeedback ( NF ) aim ing at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback ( BF ) aim ing at forehead muscle relaxation . Thirty-five children with ADHD ( 26 boys , 9 girls ; 6–14 years old ) were r and omly assigned to either the therapy group ( NF ; n = 18 ) or the control group ( BF ; n = 17 ) . Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions . Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures , behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers , as well as psychometric measures . Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups , respectively . Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms , and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention ( BF , dcorr = −.94 ) . NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures . The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests . However , regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms , the results imply that non-specific factors , such as behavioural contingencies , self-efficacy , structured learning environment and feed-forward processes , may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training
Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .