In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Association between intake of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages and preterm delivery: a large prospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND Artificially sweetened ( AS ) and sugar-sweetened ( SS ) beverages are commonly consumed during pregnancy . A recent Danish study reported that the daily intake of an AS beverage was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery .  OBJECTIVE We examined the intake of AS and SS beverages in pregnant women to replicate the Danish study and observe whether AS intake is indeed associated with preterm delivery . DESIGN This was a prospect i ve study of 60,761 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study . Intakes of carbonated and noncarbonated AS and SS beverages and use of artificial sweeteners in hot drinks were assessed by a self-reported food-frequency question naire in midpregnancy . Preterm delivery was the primary outcome , and data were obtained from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry . RESULTS Intakes of both AS and SS beverages  increased with increasing BMI and energy intake and were higher in women with less education , in daily smokers , and in single women . A high intake of AS beverages was associated with preterm delivery ; the adjusted OR for those drinking > 1 serving/d was 1.11 ( 95 % CI : 1.00 , 1.24 ) . Drinking > 1 serving of SS beverages per day was also associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery ( adjusted OR : 1.25 ; 95 % CI : 1.08 , 1.45 ) . The trend tests were positive for both beverage types . CONCLUSION This study suggests that a high intake of both AS and SS beverages is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .