HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Local estrogen treatment in patients with urogenital symptoms.
OBJECTIVES Determination of the efficacy and safety of vaginally administered low dose ( 25 microg ) micronized 17beta-estradiol in the management of patients with urogenital symptoms . METHODS A total of 1612 patients with urogenital complaints were r and omized to receive 25 microg of micronized 17beta-estradiol ( n=828 ) or placebo ( n=784 ) in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study running for 12 months . Female patients were treated once a day over a period of 2 weeks , and then twice a week for the remaining of the 12 months with an active or placebo tablet . The assessment included full history- question naire , micturition diary , gynecologic and cystometric examination , transvaginal ultrasound , and serum 17beta-estradiol level determination . It was carried out at the beginning , and after 4 and 12 months of treatment . RESULTS The overall success rate of micronized 17beta-estradiol and placebo on subjective and objective symptoms of postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy was 85.5 % , and 41.4 % , respectively . A significant improvement of urinary atrophy symptoms was determined in vaginal ERT group as compared with the beginning of the study ( 51.9 % vs. 15.5 % , P=0.001 ) . The maximal cystometric capacity ( 290 ml vs. 200 ml , P=0.023 ) , the volume of the urinary bladder at which patients first felt urgency ( 180 vs. 140 , P=0.048 ) , and strong desire to void ( 170 ml vs. 130 ml , P=0.045 ) were significantly increased subsequent to the micronized 17beta-estradiol treatment . The number of patients with uninhibited bladder contractions significantly decreased following micronized 17beta-estradiol as compared with pretreatment values ( 17/30 , P=0.013 ) . Side effects were observed in 61 ( 7.8 % ) patients treated with low dose micronized 17beta-estradiol . Therapy with 25 microg of micronized 17beta-estradiol did not raise serum estrogen level nor stimulated endometrial growth . CONCLUSIONS Local administration of 25 microg of micronized 17beta-estradiol is an effective and a safe treatment option in the management of women with urogenital complaints
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .