In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Stevioside is present in the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni ( SrB ) . Extracts of SrB have been used for the treatment of diabetes in , for example , Brazil , although a positive effect on glucose metabolism has not been unequivocally demonstrated . We studied the acute effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic patients . We hypothesize that supplementation with stevioside to a test meal causes a reduction in postpr and ial blood glucose .  Twelve type 2 diabetic patients were included in an acute , paired cross-over study . A st and ard test meal was supplemented with either 1 g of stevioside or 1 g of maize starch ( control ) . Blood sample s were drawn at 30 minutes before and for 240 minutes after ingestion of the test meal . Compared to control , stevioside reduced the incremental area under the glucose response curve by 18 % ( P = .013 ) . The insulinogenic index ( AUC(i , insulin)/AUC(i , glucose ) ) was increased by approximately 40 % by stevioside compared to control ( P < .001 ) . Stevioside tended to decrease glucagon levels , while it did not significantly alter the area under the insulin , glucagon-like peptide 1 , and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide curves . In conclusion , stevioside reduces postpr and ial blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients , indicating beneficial effects on the glucose metabolism . Stevioside may be advantageous in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .