Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .
Completeness of reporting of trials published in languages other than English: implications for conduct and reporting of systematic reviews
BACKGROUND Lately , the number of systematic review s published has increased substantially . Many systematic review s exclude trials published in language s other than English . However , there is little empirical evidence to support this action . We looked for differences in the completeness of reporting between trials published in other language s and those published in English , to see whether the exclusion of trials published in other language s is justified . METHODS We compared completeness of reporting , design characteristics , and analytical approaches of 133 r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) published in English between 1989 and 1994 and 96 published in French , German , Italian , or Spanish during the same time . RCTs were identified by h and search ing of journals ( seven in English and six in the other language s ) . FINDINGS We found no significant differences between trials published in English and other- language trials for any single item in the completeness of reporting scale ( r and omisation , double-blinding , withdrawals ) , or for the overall score ( percentage of maximum possible score 51.0 % for trials in English , 46.2 % for trials in other language s ; 95 % CI for difference -1.1 to 10.5 ) . Other- language trials were more likely than English- language trials to have adult participants , to use two or more interventions , and to compare two or more active treatments without an untreated control group . Trials in other language s were less likely to report a clearly prespecified primary outcome or any rationale for sample size estimation . INTERPRETATION These results provide evidence for inclusion of all trial reports , irrespective of the language in which they are published , in systematic review s. Their inclusion is likely to increase precision and may reduce systematic errors . We hope that our findings will prove useful to those developing guidelines and policies for the conduct of reporting of systematic review
Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .