Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality: the Finnish twin cohort.
CONTEXT Physical activity and fitness are believed to reduce premature mortality , but whether genetic factors modify this effect is not known . OBJECTIVE To investigate leisure physical activity and mortality with respect to familial aggregation of health habits during childhood and factors that may enable some individuals to achieve higher levels of fitness . DESIGN Prospect i ve twin cohort study . SETTING Finl and . SUBJECTS In 1975 , at baseline , 7925 healthy men and 7977 healthy women of the Finnish Twin Cohort aged 25 to 64 years who responded to a question naire on physical activity habits and known predictors of mortality . Those who reported exercising at least 6 times per month with an intensity corresponding to at least vigorous walking for a mean duration of 30 minutes were classified as conditioning exercisers , those who reported no leisure physical activity were classified as sedentary , and other subjects were classified as occasional exercisers . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality and discordant deaths among same-sex twin pairs from 1977 through 1994 . RESULTS Among the entire cohort , 1253 subjects died . The hazard ratio for death adjusted for age and sex was 0.71 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.62 - 0.81 ) in occasional exercisers and 0.57 ( 95 % CI , 0.45 - 0.74 ) in conditioning exercisers , compared with those who were sedentary ( Pfor trend < .001 ) . Among the twin pairs who were healthy at baseline and discordant for death ( n=434 ) , the odds ratio for death was 0.66 ( 95 % CI , 0.46 - 0.94 ) in occasional exercisers and 0.44 ( 95 % CI , 0.23 - 0.83 ) in conditioning exercisers compared with those who were sedentary ( P for trend , .005 ) . The beneficial effect of  physical activity  remained after controlling for other predictors of mortality . CONCLUSION Leisure-time physical activity is associated with reduced mortality , even after genetic and other familial factors are taken into account
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .