There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
HEALTHY study rationale, design and methods: moderating risk of type 2 diabetes in multi-ethnic middle school students
The HEALTHY primary prevention trial was design ed and implemented in response to the growing numbers of children and adolescents being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes . The objective was to moderate risk factors for type 2 diabetes . Modifiable risk factors measured were indicators of adiposity and glycemic dysregulation : body mass index ⩾85th percentile , fasting glucose ⩾5.55 mmol l−1 ( 100 mg per 100 ml ) and fasting insulin ⩾180 pmol l−1 ( 30 μU ml−1 ) . A series of pilot studies established the feasibility of performing data collection procedures and tested the development of an intervention consisting of four integrated components : ( 1 ) changes in the quantity and nutritional quality of food and beverage offerings throughout the total school food environment ; ( 2 ) physical education class lesson plans and accompanying equipment to increase both participation and number of minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ; ( 3 ) brief classroom activities and family outreach vehicles to increase knowledge , enhance decision-making skills and support and reinforce youth in accomplishing goals ; and ( 4 ) communications and social marketing strategies to enhance and promote changes through messages , images , events and activities . Expert study staff provided training , assistance , material s and guidance for school faculty and staff to implement the intervention components . A cohort of students were enrolled in sixth grade and followed to end of eighth grade . They attended a health screening data collection at baseline and end of study that involved measurement of height , weight , blood pressure , waist circumference and a fasting blood draw . Height and weight were also collected at the end of the seventh grade . The study was conducted in 42 middle schools , six at each of seven locations across the country , with 21 schools r and omized to receive the intervention and 21 to act as controls ( data collection activities only ) . Middle school was the unit of sample size and power computation , r and omization , intervention and primary analysis
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .