Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the safety and efficacy of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
OBJECTIVE Effective smoking cessation treatments are needed for patients with schizophrenia , who , compared with the general population , have high rates of cigarette smoking and more difficulty quitting . We evaluated the safety and efficacy of varenicline for smoking cessation in out patients with stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder . METHOD In this 12-week , r and omized , double-blind , multicenter trial ( May 8 , 2008 , to April 1 , 2010 ) , 127 smokers ( ≥ 15 cigarettes/d ) with DSM-IV-confirmed schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder received varenicline or placebo ( 2:1 ratio ) . The primary outcome was safety and tolerability of varenicline  assessed by adverse events frequency and changes in ratings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and other psychiatric scales from baseline to 24 weeks . Abstinence was defined as no smoking 7 days prior to weeks 12 and 24 , verified by carbon monoxide level . RESULTS Eighty-four participants received varenicline ; 43 , placebo . At 12 weeks ( end of treatment ) , 16/84 varenicline-treated patients ( 19.0 % ) met smoking cessation criteria versus 2/43 ( 4.7 % ) for placebo ( P = .046 ) . At 24 weeks , 10/84 ( 11.9 % ) varenicline-treated and 1/43 ( 2.3 % ) placebo-treated patients , respectively , met abstinence criteria ( P = .090 ) . Total adverse event rates were similar between groups , with no significant changes in symptoms of schizophrenia or in mood and anxiety ratings . Rates of suicidal ideation adverse events were 6.0 % ( varenicline ) and 7.0 % ( placebo ) ( P = 1.0 ) . There was 1 suicide attempt by a varenicline patient with a lifetime history of similar attempts and no completed suicides . CONCLUSIONS Varenicline was well tolerated , with no evidence of exacerbation of symptoms , and was associated with significantly higher smoking cessation rates versus placebo at 12 weeks . Our findings suggest varenicline is a suitable smoking cessation therapy for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov identifier : NCT00644969
Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .