Conclusions .
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribo-chemical silica coating are the pre-treatment methods with more evidence in the literature .
Increased adhesion could be expected after physico-chemical conditioning of zirconia .
Surface contamination has a negative effect on adhesion .
There is no evidence to support a universal adhesion protocol
Background .
Reliable bonding between resin composite cements and high strength ceramics is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content that makes etching impossible .
The purpose of this review is to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s suggested to improve the adhesion of zirconia to dental substrate by using composite resins , in order to explore current trends in surface conditioning methods with predictable results .
Methods .
Evaluation of a commercial primer for bonding of zirconia to two different resin composite cements.
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of a commercial zirconia primer ( Choice or RelyX Unicem ) on shear bond strength ( SBS ) of two different resin composite cements - Choice ( a conventional bis-GMA-based resin cement ) and RelyX Unicem ( self-adhesive resin cement ) - to zirconia . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Zirconia blocks were manufactured and r and omly divided into 5 main groups ( n = 20 ) that received surface treatments and cements as follows : no surface treatment , Choice and RelyX Unicem ( groups C and U , resp . ) ; tribochemical silica coating followed by silanization , Choice ( group SSC ) ; application of a zirconia primer , Choice and RelyX Unicem ( groups ZC and ZU , resp . ) . Light-curing composite resin cylinders were prepared and bonded on the prepared zirconia blocks using the two different resin cements . Half of the specimens in each group were stored in water for 24 h , and half were aged by 50 days of water storage followed by thermocycling ( 12,000 cycles between 5 ° C and 55 ° C ) . Thereafter , all of them were su bmi tted to the SBS test . Fourier transmission infrared ( FT-IR ) spectrum analysis and gas mass spectrometry ( MS ) analysis were adopted for characterization of the zirconia primer . RESULTS Statistical analysis of the SBS test showed that group C presented the lowest SBS values and group SSC the highest ( p < 0.01 ) . Artificial aging exerted no influence on the SBS of groups U , SSC , ZC , or ZU . FT-IR analysis suggested that benzene rings and carboxylic groups exist in the zirconia primer . MS analysis detected that 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate , triethylamine , ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate , ethanol , and water are contained in the primer . CONCLUSION The zirconia primer and self-adhesive resin cement increased the SBS of zirconia
Conclusions .
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribo-chemical silica coating are the pre-treatment methods with more evidence in the literature .
Increased adhesion could be expected after physico-chemical conditioning of zirconia .
Surface contamination has a negative effect on adhesion .
There is no evidence to support a universal adhesion protocol
Background .
Reliable bonding between resin composite cements and high strength ceramics is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content that makes etching impossible .
The purpose of this review is to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s suggested to improve the adhesion of zirconia to dental substrate by using composite resins , in order to explore current trends in surface conditioning methods with predictable results .
Methods .