None of the review ed measurement tools demonstrated satisfactory results for all psychometric properties evaluated , and the majority lacked evidence concerning validity and absolute reliability .
This systematic review found limited evidence to support the use of most of clinical measures of spasticity for people post-stroke .
This review identified various clinical measures of spasticity that have been investigated in people after stroke .
PURPOSE To identify and appraise the literature on clinical measures of spasticity that has been investigated in people after stroke .
Is stroke the most common cause of disability?
BACKGROUND It is widely stated that stroke is the most common cause of severe disability . We aim ed to examine whether this cl aim is supported by any evidence . METHODS We conducted secondary analysis of the Office of National Statistics 1996 Survey of Disability , United Kingdom . This was a multistage stratified r and om sample of 8683 noninstitutionalized individuals aged between 16 and 101 years , mean 62 years , response rate 83 % ( n = 8816 ) . The outcome used was the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys severity scale for disability . Odds ratios and population -attributable fractions were calculated to examine the associations between diagnoses and disability . RESULTS Logistic regression modelling suggests that , after adjustment for comorbidity and age , those with stroke had the highest odds of reporting severe overall disability ( odds ratio 4.88 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 3.37 - 6.10 ) . Stroke was also associated with more individual domains of disability than any of the other conditions considered . Adjusted population -attributable fractions were also calculated and indicated that musculoskeletal disorders had the highest population -attributable fraction ( 30.3 % , 95 % CI 26.2 - 34.1 ) followed by mental disorders ( 8.2 % , 95 % CI 6.9 - 9.5 ) and stroke ( 4.5 % , 95 % CI 3.6 - 5.3 ) . CONCLUSION Stroke is not the most common cause of disability among the noninstitutionalized United Kingdom population . However , stroke is associated with the highest odds of reporting severe disability . Importantly , stroke is associated with more individual domains of disability compared with other conditions and might be considered to be the most common cause of complex disability
None of the review ed measurement tools demonstrated satisfactory results for all psychometric properties evaluated , and the majority lacked evidence concerning validity and absolute reliability .
This systematic review found limited evidence to support the use of most of clinical measures of spasticity for people post-stroke .
This review identified various clinical measures of spasticity that have been investigated in people after stroke .
PURPOSE To identify and appraise the literature on clinical measures of spasticity that has been investigated in people after stroke .