While the results of this systematic review are promising , there is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of text message-based interventions for adherence to medications for secondary prevention of CVD .
BACKGROUND Worldwide at least 100 million people are thought to have prevalent cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
This population has a five times greater chance of suffering a recurrent cardiovascular event than people without known CVD .
Secondary CVD prevention is defined as action aim ed to reduce the probability of recurrence of such events .
Drug interventions have been shown to be cost-effective in reducing this risk and are recommended in international guidelines .
However , adherence to recommended treatments remains sub-optimal .
In order to influence non-adherence , there is a need to develop scalable and cost-effective behaviour-change interventions .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of mobile phone text messaging in patients with established arterial occlusive events on adherence to treatment , fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events , and adverse effects .
"Push as hard as you can" instruction for telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized simulation study.
BACKGROUND The medical priority dispatch system ( MPDS ® ) assists lay rescuers in protocol -driven telephone-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) . OBJECTIVE Our aim was to clarify which CPR instruction leads to sufficient compression depth . METHODS This was an investigator-blinded , r and omized , parallel group , simulation study to investigate 10 min of chest compressions after the instruction " push down firmly 5 cm " vs. " push as hard as you can . " Primary outcome was defined as compression depth . Secondary outcomes were participants exertion measured by Borg scale , provider 's systolic and diastolic blood pressure , and quality values measured by the skill-reporting program of the Resusci ( ® ) Anne Simulator manikin . For the analysis of the primary outcome , we used a linear r and om intercept model to allow for the repeated measurements with the intervention as a covariate . RESULTS Thirteen participants were allocated to control and intervention . One participant ( intervention ) dropped out after min 7 because of exhaustion . Primary outcome showed a mean compression depth of 44.1 mm , with an inter-individual st and ard deviation ( SDb ) of 13.0 mm and an intra-individual st and ard deviation ( SDw ) of 6.7 mm for the control group vs. 46.1 mm and a SDb of 9.0 mm and SDw of 10.3 mm for the intervention group ( difference : 1.9 ; 95 % confidence interval -6.9 to 10.8 ; p = 0.66 ) . Secondary outcomes showed no difference for exhaustion and CPR- quality values . CONCLUSIONS There is no difference in compression depth , quality of CPR , or physical strain on lay rescuers using the initial instruction " push as hard as you can " vs. the st and ard MPDS ( ® ) instruction " push down firmly 5 cm .
While the results of this systematic review are promising , there is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of text message-based interventions for adherence to medications for secondary prevention of CVD .
BACKGROUND Worldwide at least 100 million people are thought to have prevalent cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
This population has a five times greater chance of suffering a recurrent cardiovascular event than people without known CVD .
Secondary CVD prevention is defined as action aim ed to reduce the probability of recurrence of such events .
Drug interventions have been shown to be cost-effective in reducing this risk and are recommended in international guidelines .
However , adherence to recommended treatments remains sub-optimal .
In order to influence non-adherence , there is a need to develop scalable and cost-effective behaviour-change interventions .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of mobile phone text messaging in patients with established arterial occlusive events on adherence to treatment , fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events , and adverse effects .