In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Does diet-beverage intake affect dietary consumption patterns? Results from the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial.
BACKGROUND Little is understood about the effect of increased consumption of low-calorie sweeteners in diet beverages on dietary patterns and energy intake . OBJECTIVE We investigated whether energy intakes and dietary patterns were different in subjects who were r and omly assigned to  substitute caloric beverages with either water or diet beverages ( DBs ) . DESIGN Participants from the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday r and omized clinical trial ( a 6-mo , 3-arm study ) were included in the analysis [ water groups : n = 106 ( 94 % women ) ; DB group : n = 104 ( 82 % women ) ] . For energy , macronutrient , and food and beverage intakes , we investigated the main effects of time , treatment , and the treatment-by-time interaction by using mixed models . RESULTS Overall , the macronutrient composition changed in both groups without significant differences between groups over time . Both groups reduced absolute intakes of total daily energy , carbohydrates , fat , protein , saturated fat , total sugar , added sugar , and other carbohydrates . The DB group decreased energy from all beverages more than the water group did only at month 3 ( P-group-by-time < 0.05 ) . Although the water group had a greater reduction in grain intake at month 3 and a greater increase in fruit and vegetable intake at month 6 ( P-group-by-time < 0.05 ) , the DB group had a greater reduction in dessert intake than the water group did at month 6 ( P-group-by-time < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Participants in both intervention groups showed positive changes in energy intakes and dietary patterns . The DB group showed decreases in most caloric beverages and specifically reduced more desserts than the water group did . Our study does not provide evidence to suggest that a short-term consumption of DBs , compared with water , increases preferences for sweet foods and beverages . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01017783
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .