Educational interventions did not seem to have a positive impact on HbA1c , systolic blood pressure or lipid profiles .
The use of telemedicine , clinician reminders and feedback showed mixed results but there was a level of consistency in improvement in HbA1c when multifaceted interventions on multidisciplinary teams were implemented .
Targeting general or family physicians was largely ineffective in improving the cardiovascular risk factors considered , except when using a computer application on insulin h and ling of type 2 diabetes or customised simulated cases with feedbacks .
Similarly , interventions targeting nurses did not improve outcomes compared to st and ard care .
Multifaceted professional interventions were more effective than single interventions targeting single primary or community care professionals in improving glycaemic control
OBJECTIVE To review the interventions targeting primary care or community based professionals on glycaemic and cardiovascular risk factor control in people with diabetes .
Empowering diabetes out-patients with structured education: short-term and long-term effects of functional insulin treatment on perceived control over diabetes.
OBJECTIVE To investigate short-term and long-term effects of structured outpatient education for Functional Insulin Treatment  ( FIT : selective insulin dosages for eating , fasting or correcting hyperglycaemia ) on perceived control over diabetes and related health beliefs . FIT was thought to influence the perception of self-efficacy in diabetes , in contrast to conventional treatment , based on scheduled , rigid food intake and insulin delivery -- it allows flexible eating , provided independent control of glycemia . METHODS Structured , comprehensive , outpatient group training in FIT for selective use of insulin either for eating , fasting or correction included practical " insulin games . " The FIT program focused on everyday criteria for choices of insulin dosages and thus on the patient 's ability to execute his/her newly gained flexible treatment to his/her everyday life while preventing acute and late complications . To evaluate effects of FIT on " Perceived Control over Diabetes " and related " Health Beliefs Concerning Diabetes " ( Bradley 's question naires , 1984 ) , a fully r and omized short-term controlled Study 1 ( four weeks , 32 patients ) , and long-term uncontrolled pilot Study 2 ( three years , 68 patients ) were performed . RESULTS The short-term study revealed that FIT induced the feeling of independence from situational control while self-managing diabetes . In the long-term study , the patients were increasingly freed from the feeling of being under the control of physician and treatment-related restrictions , which -- together with higher perceived self-efficacy -- contributed to the feeling of " empowerment . " This was associated with high treatment satisfaction and significant improvement of glycemic control . CONCLUSION Structured out-patient group training for FIT results in measurable improvement of patients ' perceived control over diabetes and self-efficacy
Educational interventions did not seem to have a positive impact on HbA1c , systolic blood pressure or lipid profiles .
The use of telemedicine , clinician reminders and feedback showed mixed results but there was a level of consistency in improvement in HbA1c when multifaceted interventions on multidisciplinary teams were implemented .
Targeting general or family physicians was largely ineffective in improving the cardiovascular risk factors considered , except when using a computer application on insulin h and ling of type 2 diabetes or customised simulated cases with feedbacks .
Similarly , interventions targeting nurses did not improve outcomes compared to st and ard care .
Multifaceted professional interventions were more effective than single interventions targeting single primary or community care professionals in improving glycaemic control
OBJECTIVE To review the interventions targeting primary care or community based professionals on glycaemic and cardiovascular risk factor control in people with diabetes .