Conclusions Stroke secondary prevention lifestyle interventions are effective in terms of affecting positive change in relation to lifestyle behaviours , physiological and secondary outcomes .
However , there was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of intervention on incidence of stroke recurrence .
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Each year , approximately 15 million people worldwide have a stroke ; of these , five million die and another five million are chronically disabled .
Stroke recurs in approximately 25 % of patients during the first five years post-stroke ; recurrence may result in death , increased disability or institutionalisation .
Modifiable risk factors for recurrent stroke have been identified , and may be addressed by means of behavioural health promotion interventions .
Objectives This systematic review sought to establish the effectiveness of secondary prevention behavioural interventions , which address one or more modifiable lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke i.e. tobacco use , unhealthy diet , physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption .
Therapeutic exercise and depressive symptoms after stroke.
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms and the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on the benefits from exercise in stroke survivors who have completed acute rehabilitation . DESIGN Planned secondary analysis of the data from a 9-month r and omized , controlled trial . SETTING Participant homes . PARTICIPANTS One hundred stroke survivors who had completed acute rehabilitation . INTERVENTION A progressive , structured , 3-month physical exercise program . MEASUREMENTS Demographics , stroke characteristics , impairments , functional limitations , the Geriatric Depression Scale , the Stroke Impact Scale , and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form . RESULTS Baseline rates of depressive symptoms and other stroke sequelae were similar between the two arms . Ninety-three participants were assessed immediately after the intervention ( 3 months after enrollment ) , and 80 were assessed 9 months after enrollment . Six ( 14 % ) of the exercise group and 16 ( 35.6 % ) of the usual-care group had depressive symptoms at 3 months ( P = .03 ) . At 9 months , three ( 7.5 % ) of the exercisers had significant depressive symptoms compared with 10 ( 25 % ) who received usual care ( P = .07 ) . Participants with and without baseline depressive symptoms had equivalent treatment-related gains in impairments and functional limitations , but only participants with depressive symptoms had improved quality of life . CONCLUSION Exercise may help reduce poststroke depressive symptoms . Depressive symptoms do not limit gains in physical function due to exercise . Exercise may contribute to improved quality of life in those with poststroke depressive symptoms
Conclusions Stroke secondary prevention lifestyle interventions are effective in terms of affecting positive change in relation to lifestyle behaviours , physiological and secondary outcomes .
However , there was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of intervention on incidence of stroke recurrence .
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Each year , approximately 15 million people worldwide have a stroke ; of these , five million die and another five million are chronically disabled .
Stroke recurs in approximately 25 % of patients during the first five years post-stroke ; recurrence may result in death , increased disability or institutionalisation .
Modifiable risk factors for recurrent stroke have been identified , and may be addressed by means of behavioural health promotion interventions .
Objectives This systematic review sought to establish the effectiveness of secondary prevention behavioural interventions , which address one or more modifiable lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke i.e. tobacco use , unhealthy diet , physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption .