Compared to non-active control treatments , NF appears to have more durable treatment effects , for at least 6 months following treatment .
Neurofeedback ( NF ) has gained increasing interest in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Given learning principles underlie NF , lasting clinical treatment effects may be expected .
This systematic review and meta- analysis addresses the sustainability of neurofeedback and control treatment effects by considering r and omized controlled studies that conducted follow-up ( FU ; 2–12 months ) assessment s among children with ADHD .
Behavioral effects of neurofeedback in adolescents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial
Neurofeedback has been proposed as a potentially effective intervention for reducing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms . However , it remains unclear whether neurofeedback is of additional value to treatment as usual ( TAU ) for adolescents with clinical ADHD symptoms . Using a multicenter parallel-r and omized controlled trial design , adolescents with ADHD symptoms were r and omized to receive either a combination of TAU and neurofeedback ( NFB + TAU , n = 45 ) or TAU-only ( n = 26 ) . R and omization was computer generated and stratified for age group ( ages 12 through 16 , 16 through 20 , 20 through 24 ) .  Neurofeedback treatment consisted of approximately 37 sessions of theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-training on the vertex ( Cz ) . Primary behavioral outcome measures included the ADHD-rating scale , Youth Self Report , and Child Behavior Checklist all assessed pre- and post-intervention . Behavioral problems decreased equally for both groups with medium to large effect sizes , range of partial η2 = 0.08–0.31 , p < 0.05 . Hence , the combination of NFB + TAU was not more effective than TAU-only on the behavioral outcome measures . In addition , reported adverse effects were similar for both groups . On behavioral outcome measures , the combination of neurofeedback and TAU was as effective as TAU-only for adolescents with ADHD symptoms . Considering the absence of additional behavioral effects in the current study , in combination with the limited knowledge of specific treatment effects , it is question able whether theta/SMR neurofeedback for adolescents with ADHD and comorbid disorders in clinical practice should be used . Further research is warranted to investigate possible working mechanisms and ( long-term ) specific treatment effects of neurofeedback
Compared to non-active control treatments , NF appears to have more durable treatment effects , for at least 6 months following treatment .
Neurofeedback ( NF ) has gained increasing interest in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Given learning principles underlie NF , lasting clinical treatment effects may be expected .
This systematic review and meta- analysis addresses the sustainability of neurofeedback and control treatment effects by considering r and omized controlled studies that conducted follow-up ( FU ; 2–12 months ) assessment s among children with ADHD .