An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
The effect of ceramic surface treatment on bonding to densely sintered alumina ceramic.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Ceramic surface treatment is crucial for bonding to resin . High crystalline ceramics are poorly conditioned using traditional procedures . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silica coating on a densely sintered alumina ceramic relative to its bond strength to composite , using a resin luting agent . Material and methods Blocks ( 6 x 6 x 5 mm ) of ceramic and composite were made . The ceramic ( Procera AllCeram ) surfaces were polished , and the blocks were divided into 3 groups ( n = 5 ) : SB , airborne-particle abrasion with 110-microm Al 2 O 3 ; RS , silica coating using Rocatec System ; and CS , silica coating using CoJet System . The treated ceramic blocks were luted to the composite ( W3D Master ) blocks using a resin luting agent ( Panavia F ) . Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days and then cut in 2 axes , x and y , to obtain specimens with a bonding area of approximately 0.6 mm 2 ( n = 30 ) . The specimens were loaded to failure in tension in a universal testing machine , and data were statistically analyzed using a r and omized complete block design analysis of variance and Tukey 's test ( alpha=.05 ) . Fractured surfaces were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the type of failure . Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used for surface compositional analysis . RESULTS Mean bond strength values ( MPa ) of Groups RS ( 17.1 + /- 3.9 ) ( P = .00015 ) and CS ( 18.5 + /- 4.7 ) ( P = .00012 ) were significantly higher than the values of Group SB ( 12.7 + /- 2.6 ) . There was no statistical difference between Groups RS and CS . All failures occurred at the adhesive zone . CONCLUSION Tribochemical silica coating systems increased the tensile bond strength values between Panavia F and Procera AllCeram ceramic
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .