Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, and cancer. The Copenhagen City Heart Study
Background The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of deaths . Design The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospect i ve cardiovascular population study of 19 329 men and women aged 20–93 in 1976 .  Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976–78 and 1981–83 . This analysis consists of 2136 healthy men and 2758 women aged 20–79 years , with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations , and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses : smoking , total-cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol , systolic blood pressure , diabetes mellitus , alcohol consumption , body mass index , education , income , and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 ( % predicted ) . Results Adjusted relative risks ( 95 % confidence interval ) for coronary heart disease were , for moderate physical activity 0.71 ( 0.51 , 0.99 ) and for high 0.56 ( 0.38 , 0.82 ) . For cancer , moderate activity 0.77 ( 0.61 , 0.97 ) and high activity 0.73 ( 0.56 , 0.95 ) and for all-cause mortality , moderate 0.78 ( 0.68 , 0.89 ) and high 0.75 ( 0.64 , 0.87 ) for both sexes combined . Using Kaplan — Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50 . Men with high physical activity  survived 6.8 years longer , and men with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary men . For women the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years , respectively . Conclusion Long-term  moderate or high physical activity  was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from coronary heart disease , cancer and all-causes . The same tendency was found for stroke and respiratory diseases , but the associations did not reach statistical significance . Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:173–179 © 2006 The European Society of
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .