In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .
Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial.
CONTEXT Folate , vitamin B(6 ) , and vitamin B(12 ) are thought to play an important role in cancer prevention . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of combined folic acid , vitamin B(6 ) , and vitamin B(12 ) treatment on cancer risk in women at high risk for cardiovascular disease . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS In the Women 's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study , 5442 US female health professionals aged 42 years or older , with preexisting cardiovascular disease or 3 or more coronary risk factors , were r and omly assigned to receive either a daily combination of folic acid , vitamin B(6 ) , and vitamin B(12 ) or a matching placebo . They were treated for 7.3 years from April 1998 through July 31 , 2005 . INTERVENTION Daily supplementation of a combination of 2.5 mg of folic acid , 50 mg of vitamin B(6 ) , and 1 mg of vitamin B(12 ) ( n = 2721 ) or placebo ( n = 2721 ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Confirmed newly diagnosed total invasive cancer or breast cancer . RESULTS A total of 379 women developed invasive cancer  ( 187 in the active treatment group and 192 in the placebo group ) . Compared with placebo , women receiving the active treatment had similar risk of developing total invasive cancer ( 101.1/10,000 person-years for the active treatment group vs 104.3/10,000 person-years for placebo group ; hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.97 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.79 - 1.18 ; P = .75 ) , breast cancer ( 37.8/10,000 person-years vs 45.6/10,000 person-years , respectively ; HR , 0.83 ; 95 % CI , 0.60 - 1.14 ; P = .24 ) , or any cancer death ( 24.6/10,000 person-years vs 30.1/10,000 person-years , respectively ; HR , 0.82 ; 95 % CI , 0.56 - 1.21 ; P = .32 ) . CONCLUSION Combined folic acid , vitamin B(6 ) , and vitamin B(12 ) treatment had no significant effect on overall risk of total invasive cancer or breast cancer among women during the folic acid fortification era . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00000541
In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .