Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
Preoperative atrial fibrillation is an independent risk factor for mid-term mortality after concomitant aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
OBJECTIVES Preoperative atrial fibrillation ( PAF )  has been associated with poorer early and mid-term outcomes after isolated valvular or coronary artery bypass graft surgery . Few studies , however , have evaluated the impact of PAF on early and mid-term outcomes after  concomitant aortic valve replacement and coronary aortic bypass graft ( AVR-CABG ) surgery . METHODS Data obtained prospect ively between June 2001 and December 2009 by the Australian and New Zeal and Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Data base Program was retrospectively analysed . Patients who underwent concomitant atrial arrhythmia surgery/ablation were excluded . Demographic and operative data were compared between patients undergoing concomitant AVR-CABG  who presented with PAF and those who did not using chi-square and t-tests . The independent impact of PAF on 12 short-term complications and mid-term mortality was determined using binary logistic and Cox regression , respectively . RESULTS Concomitant AVR-CABG surgery was performed in 2563 patients ; 322 ( 12.6 % ) presented with PAF . PAF patients were generally older ( mean age 76 vs 74 years ; P < 0.001 ) and presented more often with comorbidities including congestive heart failure , chronic pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease ( all P < 0.05 ) . PAF was associated with 30-day mortality on univariate analysis ( P = 0.019 ) but not multivariate analysis ( P = 0.53 ) . The incidence of early complications was not significantly higher in the PAF group . PAF was independently associated with reduced mid-term survival ( HR , 1.58 ; 95 % CI , 1.14 - 2.19 ; P = 0.006 ) . CONCLUSIONS PAF is associated with reduced mid-term survival after concomitant AVR-CABG surgery .  Patients with PAF undergoing AVR-CABG  should be considered for a concomitant surgical ablation procedure
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .