Meta- analysis of RCTs showed that only cyclosporine A provided a simultaneous great effect size of SMD on ICSI , pain , and frequency .
Amitriptyline at different dosages showed a great effect size of SMD on pain and urgency or on ICSI and frequency .
The results from the n RCTs showed that the most frequently adopted treatment is oral pentosan polysulfate and that the use of botulinum A toxin intradetrusorial injections in PBS/IC is increasing .
Limited evidence exists for the few treatments for PBS/IC .
The lack of definitive conclusions is due to the great heterogeneity in methodology , symptoms assessment , duration of treatment , and follow-up in both RCTs and n RCTs
CONTEXT Different types of behavioural , dietary , interventional , pharmacologic , and surgical therapies have been used to treat painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis ( PBS/IC ) .
Because of the paucity of r and omised placebo-controlled studies on different treatments , an evidence -based management approach has not yet been developed .
OBJECTIVE To critically review and synthesize data from a wide range of current therapeutic approaches to PBS/IC , to quantify the effect size from r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) , and to reach clinical agreement on the efficacy of treatments for PBS/IC .
Sacral neuromodulation for the symptomatic treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis: a prospective study.
PURPOSE The efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of symptoms in patients with refractory interstitial cystitis was evaluated . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 47 years and refractory interstitial cystitis were prospect ively evaluated with a trial of sacral nerve stimulation .  Patients who demonstrated 50 % improvement in frequency , nocturia , voided volume and average pain qualified for permanent sacral nerve stimulator implantation .  Treatment success was measured by voiding diary , report of average pain , and response to the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index . RESULTS Of the 25 patients 17 qualified for permanent sacral nerve stimulator implantation .  At an average of 14 months followup mean daytime frequency and nocturia improved from 17.1 to 8.7 and 4.5 to 1.1 , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . Mean voided volume increased from 111 to 264 ml . ( p < 0.01 ) . Report of average pain decreased from 5.8 to 1.6 points on a scale of 0 to 10 ( p < 0.01 ) . Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Index scores decreased from 16.5 to 6.8 and 14.5 to 5.4 , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . Of the 17 patients 16 ( 94 % ) with a permanent stimulator demonstrated sustained improvement in all parameters at the last postoperative visit . CONCLUSIONS Results of this prospect i ve clinical study demonstrate that sacral neuromodulation is a safe and effective treatment for the dysfunctional voiding and pelvic pain in patients with interstitial cystitis who are refractory to other forms of treatment
Meta- analysis of RCTs showed that only cyclosporine A provided a simultaneous great effect size of SMD on ICSI , pain , and frequency .
Amitriptyline at different dosages showed a great effect size of SMD on pain and urgency or on ICSI and frequency .
The results from the n RCTs showed that the most frequently adopted treatment is oral pentosan polysulfate and that the use of botulinum A toxin intradetrusorial injections in PBS/IC is increasing .
Limited evidence exists for the few treatments for PBS/IC .
The lack of definitive conclusions is due to the great heterogeneity in methodology , symptoms assessment , duration of treatment , and follow-up in both RCTs and n RCTs
CONTEXT Different types of behavioural , dietary , interventional , pharmacologic , and surgical therapies have been used to treat painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis ( PBS/IC ) .
Because of the paucity of r and omised placebo-controlled studies on different treatments , an evidence -based management approach has not yet been developed .
OBJECTIVE To critically review and synthesize data from a wide range of current therapeutic approaches to PBS/IC , to quantify the effect size from r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) , and to reach clinical agreement on the efficacy of treatments for PBS/IC .