Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid , monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) , and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) showed significantly higher TC , LDL cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , HDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein A-I , whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid .
Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B , triacylglycerols , and TC/HDL cholesterol .
Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol , when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs , were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat .
Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats , whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids .
BACKGROUND Palm oil ( PO ) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
Dietary patterns and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Costa Rican adults
Objective : To investigate the association between dietary patterns and risk of a first nonfatal acute myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) in Costa Rican adults . Design : Population -based case – control study .Subjects : A total of 496 incident MI cases and 518 population -based r and omly selected controls matched to the cases by age ( ±5 years ) , gender , and county of residence . Subjects were interviewed with a vali date d food frequency question naire . Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis . Odds ratios ( OR ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were obtained using multivariate conditional logistic regression adjusted for several recognized risk factors for MI . Results : Two diet patterns were identified , ‘ vegetable ’ characterized by increased intake of vegetables and fruits , and ‘ staple ’ , characterized by an increased use of palm oil for cooking , and intake of refined grains ( mostly white rice and white bread ) , legumes , coffee , added sugar , and red meat . Compared to the lowest quintile of the staple diet pattern , the highest quintile was associated with an increased risk of MI ( OR : 3.70 , 95 % CI : 2.30–5.97 ) . Adjusting for potential confounders did not change the results ( OR : 3.53 , 95 % CI : 1.98–6.31 ) . Consistently , an increasing staple pattern score was associated with lower HDL cholesterol ( P for trend < 0.02 ) and α-linolenic acid in adipose tissue ( P for trend < 0.0001 ) . The vegetable pattern was not associated with MI . Conclusions : The staple dietary pattern of Costa Rican adults is associated with low plasma HDL cholesterol , low α-linolenic acid in adipose tissue , and increased risk of MI.Sponsorship : This study was funded by grants HL 60692 and HL 49086 from the US National Institutes of Health
Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid , monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) , and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) showed significantly higher TC , LDL cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , HDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein A-I , whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid .
Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B , triacylglycerols , and TC/HDL cholesterol .
Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol , when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs , were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat .
Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats , whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids .
BACKGROUND Palm oil ( PO ) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .