Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Predictors of self-initiated, healthful dietary change.
OBJECTIVE To examine demographic and psychosocial factors that predict healthful dietary change . DESIGN A cohort study , examining how factors assessed at baseline predicted change in fat-related dietary habits and fruit and vegetable intakes 2 years later . PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited in 1995 and 1996 by r and om-digit dialing ( response rate 0.63 ) , and followed-up in 1997 and 1998 ( follow-up rate 0.82 ) . The final sample included 336 men and 502 women . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fruit and vegetable intake and fat-related dietary patterns , measured by telephone-administered surveys . STATISTICAL ANALYSES Chi2 tests and linear regression were used to test associations of baseline characteristics with dietary change . RESULTS Fat intake ( energy from fat ) decreased by approximately 2 percentage points and fruits and vegetables intake increased by 0.17 servings per day ( both P<.001 ) . Changes were significantly larger among women and persons who were well educated . Persons in the maintenance stage of change and persons who believed there was a strong relationship between diet and cancer made the largest dietary changes . Use of food labels was strongly associated with fat reduction , but not with increases in fruits and vegetables . APPLICATIONS These results suggest that food labels are useful for helping people reduce fat intake , that interventions should target persons at all stages of dietary change , and that new efforts are needed to reach men and persons who are less well educated
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .