Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .
Short term effects of energy restriction and dietary fat sub-type on weight loss and disease risk factors.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Decreasing energy intake relative to energy expenditure is the indisputable tenet of weight loss . In addition to caloric restriction modification of the type of dietary fat may provide further benefits . The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of energy restriction alone and with dietary fat modification on weight loss and adiposity , as well as on risk factors for obesity related disease . METHODS AND RESULTS One-hundred and fifty overweight men and women were r and omized into a 3month controlled trial with four low fat ( 30 % energy ) dietary arms : ( 1 ) isocaloric ( LF ) ; ( 2 ) isocaloric with 10 % polyunsaturated fatty acids ( LF-PUFA ) ; ( 3 ) low calorie ( LF-LC ) ( -2MJ ) ; ( 4 ) low calorie with 10 % PUFA ( LF-PUFA-LC ) . Primary outcomes were changes in body weight and body fat and secondary outcomes were changes in fasting levels of leptin , insulin , glucose , lipids and erythrocyte fatty acids . Changes in dietary intake were assessed using 3day food records . One-hundred and twenty-two participants entered the study and 95 completed the study . All groups lost weight and body fat ( P<0.0001 time effect for both ) , but the LC groups lost more weight ( P=0.026 for diet effect ) . All groups reduced total cholesterol levels ( P<0.0001 time effect and P=0.017 intervention effect ) , but the LC and PUFA groups were better at reducing triacylglycerol levels ( P=0.056 diet effect ) . HDL increased with LF-LC and LF-PUFA but not with LF-PUFA-LC ( 0.042 diet effect ) . The LF and LF-LC groups reported greater dietary fat reductions than the two PUFA groups ( P=0.043 ) . CONCLUSION Energy restriction has the most potent effect on weight loss and lipids , but fat modification is also beneficial when energy restriction is more modest
Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .