In subgroup analyses , we found an equal effect of different stressor types ( i.e. cognitive/emotional stress , work pace , and precision ) on muscle activity in both body regions .
In conclusion , simulated workplace stressors result in an increase in neck-shoulder and forearm muscle activity .
No indications were found that different types of stressors affect these body regions differently .
Workplace stressors have been indicated to play a role in the development of neck and upper extremity pain possibly through an increase of sustained ( low-level ) muscle activity .
The aim of this review was to study the effects of workplace stressors on muscle activity in the neck-shoulder and forearm muscles .
An additional aim was to find out whether the muscles of the neck-shoulder and the forearm are affected differently by different types of workplace stressors .
Effect of computer mouse gain and visual demand on mouse clicking performance and muscle activation in a young and elderly group of experienced computer users.
The present study evaluated the specific effects of motor dem and and visual dem and s on the ability to control motor output in terms of performance and muscle activation . Young and elderly subjects performed  multidirectional pointing tasks with the computer mouse . Three levels of mouse gain and three levels of target size were used . All subjects demonstrated a reduced working speed and hit rate at the highest mouse gain ( 1:8 ) when the target size was small . The young group had an optimum at mouse gain 1:4 . The elderly group was most sensitive to the combination of high mouse gain and small targets and thus , this age group should avoid this combination . Decreasing target sizes ( i.e. increasing visual dem and ) reduced performance in both groups despite that motor dem and was maintained constant . Therefore , it is recommended to avoid small screen objects and letters . Forearm muscle activity was only to a minor degree influenced by mouse gain ( and target sizes ) indicating that stability of the forearm/h and is of significance during computer mouse control . The study has implication s for ergonomists , pointing device manufacturers and software developers
In subgroup analyses , we found an equal effect of different stressor types ( i.e. cognitive/emotional stress , work pace , and precision ) on muscle activity in both body regions .
In conclusion , simulated workplace stressors result in an increase in neck-shoulder and forearm muscle activity .
No indications were found that different types of stressors affect these body regions differently .
Workplace stressors have been indicated to play a role in the development of neck and upper extremity pain possibly through an increase of sustained ( low-level ) muscle activity .
The aim of this review was to study the effects of workplace stressors on muscle activity in the neck-shoulder and forearm muscles .
An additional aim was to find out whether the muscles of the neck-shoulder and the forearm are affected differently by different types of workplace stressors .