68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
Economic evaluation of pharmacist involvement in disease management in a community pharmacy setting.
This study evaluated the economic impact of patient-focused pharmacist intervention in the community retail setting in patients with hypertension , diabetes , asthma , and /or hypercholesterolemia .  Specially trained pharmacists intervened by providing targeted patient education , performing systematic patient monitoring , offering feedback and behavior modification , and communicating regularly with patients ' physicians to enable early intervention for drug-related problems . We evaluated prescription drug costs and total medical costs by comparing cl aims data from 188 patients enrolled in the program at three intervention pharmacies with data from 401 control patients at five nonparticipating pharmacies from the same retail chain . For all disease states , the average cost per prescription was significantly higher in the group receiving intervention than in the control group . Differences in total monthly prescription costs were significant only for patients with asthma , with higher monthly costs in the group receiving intervention . Substantial savings were demonstrated across all cost analyses for total monthly medical costs . Savings ranged from a conservative estimate of $ 143.95 per patient per month to $ 293.39 per patient per month when accounting for the possible influence of age , comorbid conditions , and disease severity . Our data indicate that pharmacist intervention in this community pharmacy-based disease management model substantially reduced monthly health care costs in patients with hypertension , hypercholesterolemia , diabetes , and asthma
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .