T2D prevention by physical activity or diet or both proved cost-effective according to accepted thresholds , except for five inconclusive studies , three on diabetes prevention and two on obesity control .
This confirms that lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of diabetes are cost-effective .
To summarize key findings of economic evaluations of lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of  type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) in high-risk subjects .
Enhancing the comparability of costing methods: cross-country variability in the prices of non-traded inputs to health programmes
Background National and international policy makers have been increasing their focus on developing strategies to enable poor countries achieve the millennium development goals . This requires information on the costs of different types of health interventions and the re sources needed to scale them up , either singly or in combinations . Cost data also guides decisions about the most appropriate mix of interventions in different setting s , in view of the increasing , but still limited , re sources available to improve health . Many cost and cost-effectiveness studies include only the costs incurred at the point of delivery to beneficiaries , omitting those incurred at other levels of the system such as administration , media , training and overall management . The few studies that have measured them directly suggest that they can sometimes account for a substantial proportion of total costs , so that their omission can result in biased estimates of the re sources needed to run a programme or the relative cost-effectiveness of different choices . However , prices of different inputs used in the production of health interventions can vary substantially within a country . Basing cost estimates on a single price observation runs the risk that the results are based on an outlier observation rather than the typical costs of the input . Methods We first explore the determinants of the observed variation in the  prices  of selected  " non-traded " intermediate inputs to health programmes – printed matter and media advertising , and water and electricity – accounting for variation within and across countries . We then use the estimated relationship to impute average prices for countries where limited data are available with uncertainty intervals . Results Prices vary across countries with GDP per capita and a number of determinants of supply and dem and . Media and printing were inelastic with respect to GDP per capita , with a positive correlation , while the utilities had a surprisingly negative relationship . All equations had relatively good fits with the data . Conclusion While the preferred option is to derive costs from a r and om sample of prices in each setting , this option is often not available to analysts . In this case , we suggest that the approach described in this paper could represent a better option than basing policy recommendations on results that are built on the basis of a single , or a few , price observations
T2D prevention by physical activity or diet or both proved cost-effective according to accepted thresholds , except for five inconclusive studies , three on diabetes prevention and two on obesity control .
This confirms that lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of diabetes are cost-effective .
To summarize key findings of economic evaluations of lifestyle interventions for the primary prevention of  type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) in high-risk subjects .