Future studies should also consider measures of ME and MS as a function of upper body , lower body , and core strength , and their potential association with specific , rather than general ,
Abstract de la Motte , SJ , Gribbin , TC , Lisman , P , Murphy , K , and Deuster , PA .
A systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk : part 2—muscular endurance and muscular strength .
Emergency Department Visits Among Pediatric Patients for Sports-related Injury: Basic Epidemiology and Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status
Objectives : ( 1 ) To characterize the demographics and external causes of pediatric sports injury-related visits ( SIRVs ) to emergency departments ( EDs ) . ( 2 ) To analyze the effect of race/ethnicity and insurance on SIRVs to EDs . Methods : A stratified r and om- sample cross-sectional survey of EDs in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was conducted from 1997 - 2001 ; for patients younger than 19 years , we used all visits [ n = 33,654 ; injury-related visits ( IRVs ) = 13,496 , SIRVs = 2990 ] . We examined both the external cause codes and the actual verbatim text of all IRVs . National estimates of pediatric IRVs were obtained using the assigned patient visit weights in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data bases and SUDAAN 9.1 software ( SAS Institute , Inc. , Cary , NC ) . Results : Sports injuries result ed in 2.5 million visits annually , or 23 % of ED IRVs . Male sex , older age ( 6 - 18 years ) , and white race/ethnicity are associated with higher rates of SIRVs . Cycling , basketball , playground injuries , and football result ed in the largest numbers of ED SIRVs . Leading diagnoses for SIRVs included fractures and dislocations , sprains and strains , open wounds , and contusions .  Hispanic race/ethnicity was associated with lower rates of SIRVs across all insurance types . After controlling for demographic factors and insurance , Hispanic children were less likely to have an SIRV than white children ( odds ratio , 0.7 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.6 - 0.9 ) . Conclusions : Sports and recreation are the leading causes of pediatric ED IRVs . Hispanic children , regardless of insurance status , had lower rates of SIRVs than white children , which helps explain the lower rate of nonfatal IRVs to EDs among Hispanic youth
Future studies should also consider measures of ME and MS as a function of upper body , lower body , and core strength , and their potential association with specific , rather than general ,
Abstract de la Motte , SJ , Gribbin , TC , Lisman , P , Murphy , K , and Deuster , PA .
A systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk : part 2—muscular endurance and muscular strength .