The administration of probiotic/synbiotic were associated with a significant improvement in FPG , FBI , HOMA I-R , BMI .
It also modified Ferriman-Gallway , serum triglycerides , serum testosterone , hs-CRP , NO , TAC , GSH , and MDA .
Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention showed that probiotics were associated with greater testosterone and FPG reduction ;  synbiotics administration result ed in a more pronounced decrease of the FBI .
Subgroup analyses on the duration of therapy showed that , probiotic/synbiotic administration had a significantly greater effect on QUICK-I in the case of women with 12-weeks of therapy than in the 8-weeks therapy group .
Nevertheless , we did not observe any significant difference was observed in terms of FBI , HOMA-IR , and FPG .
Probiotics and synbiotics seem to either an effect on/influence metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters , or can influence them .
Consequently , it could lead to an improvement of fertility in PCOS
Several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have investigated the use of probiotic/synbiotic in PCOS patients , without clarifying the real use in clinical practice .
The aim of this meta- analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of PCOS  .
The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of probiotic and selenium on parameters of mental health , hormonal profiles , and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS . Data on the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) are scarce . This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health , hormonal and inflammatory parameters in women with PCOS . Methods This r and omized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 subjects , aged 18–40 years old . Participants were r and omly allocated into two groups to intake 8 × 109 CFU/day probiotic plus 200 μg/day selenium supplements ( n = 30 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) for 12 weeks . Hormonal and inflammatory parameters were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention . Results Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation result ed in a significant improvement in beck depression inventory ( β − 0.76 ; 95 % CI , − 1.26 , − 0.26 ; P = 0.003 ) , general health question naire scores ( β − 1.15 ; 95 % CI , − 1.97 , − 0.32 ; P = 0.007 ) and depression anxiety and stress scale scores ( β − 1.49 ; 95 % CI , − 2.59 , − 0.39 ; P = 0.009 ) compared with the placebo . Furthermore , probiotic and selenium co-supplementation  significantly reduced total testosterone ( β − 0.26 ng/mL ; 95 % CI , − 0.51 , − 0.02 ; P = 0.03 ) , hirsutism ( β − 0.43 ; 95 % CI , − 0.74 , − 0.11 ; P = 0.008 ) , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ( β − 0.58 mg/L ; 95 % CI , − 0.97 , − 0.19 ; P = 0.004 ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels ( β − 0.29 μmol/L ; 95 % CI , − 0.56 , − 0.02 ; P = 0.03 ) , and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) ( β + 84.76 mmol/L ; 95 % CI , + 48.08 , + 121.44 ; P < 0.001 ) and total glutathione ( GSH ) levels ( β + 26.78 μmol/L ; 95 % CI , + 4.33 , + 49.23 ; P = 0.02 ) compared with the placebo . Conclusions Overall , the co-administration of probiotic and selenium for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on mental health parameters , serum total testosterone , hirsutism , hs-CRP , TAC , GSH and MDA levels . This study was prospect ively registered in the Iranian website ( www.i rct .ir ) for registration of clinical trials ( http://www.i rct .ir : I RCT 20170513033941N22).Trial registration I RCT 20170513033941N22
The administration of probiotic/synbiotic were associated with a significant improvement in FPG , FBI , HOMA I-R , BMI .
It also modified Ferriman-Gallway , serum triglycerides , serum testosterone , hs-CRP , NO , TAC , GSH , and MDA .
Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention showed that probiotics were associated with greater testosterone and FPG reduction ;  synbiotics administration result ed in a more pronounced decrease of the FBI .
Subgroup analyses on the duration of therapy showed that , probiotic/synbiotic administration had a significantly greater effect on QUICK-I in the case of women with 12-weeks of therapy than in the 8-weeks therapy group .
Nevertheless , we did not observe any significant difference was observed in terms of FBI , HOMA-IR , and FPG .
Probiotics and synbiotics seem to either an effect on/influence metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters , or can influence them .
Consequently , it could lead to an improvement of fertility in PCOS
Several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have investigated the use of probiotic/synbiotic in PCOS patients , without clarifying the real use in clinical practice .
The aim of this meta- analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of PCOS  .