Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .
Physical training-related changes in gait variability while single and dual tasking in older adults: magnitude of gait variability at baseline matters.
OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined the effects of physical training programs on gait variability while single and dual tasking , and they reported mixed results . The aim of this study was to compare the stride time variability while single and dual tasking before and after a physical training program developed to improve gait stability in French community-dwelling older adults . DESIGN A prospect i ve pre-post interventional cohort study . SETTING The community-dwelling area of " Pays de la Loire " , France . POPULATION Forty-eight older adults ( mean age ± st and ard deviation 72.2±8 years ; 75 % female ) . METHODS Physical training program consisted in 12 sessions scheduled to attend physical exercises 1 time a week with total time duration of 3 months . Coefficient of variation ( CoV ) of stride time under three walking conditions ( i.e. , walking alone , walking while backward counting , and while performing a verbal fluency task ) was determined while steady-state walking using the SMTEC ® footswitches system before and after the physical training program . Participants were separated into two groups based on being or not in the highest tertile ( i.e. , worst performance with cutpoint > 4.4 % ) of the CoV of stride time while walking alone . RESULTS After physical training compared to before period , a significant decrease in CoV of stride time ( i.e. , better gait performance ) while walking alone ( 2.8±2.8 % versus 7±7.1 % , P=0.001 ) but not while dual tasking ( P=0.600 for counting backward and P=0.105 for verbal fluency task ) was shown in participants who had highest ( i.e. , worst ) gait variability at baseline . In addition , physical training modified the strategy of dual tasking in participants with highest gait variability at baseline compared to the other participants . Before training , a significant decrease in CoV of stride time ( 7±7.1 % versus 4.9±4.6 % , P=0.017 ) while counting backward was shown , but there was a significant increase after training ( 2.8±2.8 % versus 5.4±5.8 % , P=0.007 ) . CONCLUSIONS Physical training  reduced gait variability while walking alone in participants with gait instability , and influenced their strategy for dual tasking . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Physical program training developed in the community to improve gait stability should included participants with high gait variability
Evidence from subgroup comparisons showed no difference in treatment-related changes between cognitive-motor and motor-motor dual tasks , or when interventions were compared to active or inactive controls .
In summary , physical exercise interventions can improve dual-task walking in older adults primarily by increasing the speed at which individuals walk in dual-task conditions .
Currently , evidence concerning whether physical exercise interventions reduce DTC or alter the self-selected dual-task strategy during unobstructed walking is greatly lacking , mainly due to the failure of studies to measure and report reciprocal dual-task effects on the non-gait task
Dual-task interference during walking can substantially limit mobility and increase the risk of  falls among community-dwelling older adults .
Previous systematic review s examining intervention effects on dual-task gait and mobility have not assessed relative dual-task costs ( DTC ) or investigated whether there are differences in treatment-related changes based on the type of dual task or the type of control group .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise interventions on dual-task performance during walking in older adults .