In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .
The effect of mesterolone administration to normal men on the pituitary-testicular function.
The effect of mesterolone ( 1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone ) administration to 10 normal men aged 24 - 27 years on the pituitary-testicular function was investigated . No effect on the plasma levels of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ( ICSH ) and follicle stimulating hormone could be detected . After 4 weeks on 75 mg mesterolone/day a significant ( p < .01 ) drop in the mean level of testosterone was observed 5.2 to 4 ng/ml . After another 4 weeks on 150 mg/day a further decrease to 3.5 ng/ml was found . During mesterolone administration the protein binding of testosterone was significantly ( p < .0025 ) reduced and it appeared that the level of free ( nonprotein bound ) testosterone in diluted plasma remained unchanged .37 and .41 ng/ml before and after mesterolone administration respectively . These results suggest that mesterolone given in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day to normal men does not suppress the pituitary ICSH production or the testicular testosterone production
In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .