Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .
A comparison of faces scales for the measurement of pediatric pain: children's and parents’ ratings
Faces scales have become the most popular approach to eliciting children 's self-reports of pain , although different formats are available . The present study examined : ( a ) the potential for bias in children 's self-reported ratings of clinical pain when using scales with smiling rather than neutral ' no pain ' faces ; ( b ) levels of agreement between child and parent reports of pain using different faces scales ; and ( c ) preferences for scales by children and parents . Participants were 75 children between the ages of 5 and 12 years undergoing venepuncture , and their parents . Following venepuncture , children and parents independently rated the child 's pain using five different r and omly presented faces scales and indicated which of the scales they preferred and why . Children 's ratings across scales were very highly correlated ; however , they rated significantly more pain when using scales with a smiling rather than a neutral ' no pain ' face . Girls reported significantly greater levels of pain than boys , regardless of scale type . There were no age differences in children 's pain reports . Parents ' ratings across scales were also highly correlated ; however , parents also had higher pain ratings using scales with smiling ' no pain ' faces . The level of agreement between child and parent reports of pain was low and did not vary as a function of the scale type used ; parents overestimated their children 's pain using all five scales . Children and parents preferred scales that they perceived to be happy and cartoon-like . The results of this study indicate that subtle variations in the format of faces scales do influence children 's and parents ' ratings of pain in clinical setting
Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .