Preoperative smoking status was not observed to be associated with postoperative mortality , cardiovascular complications , bleedings , anastomotic leakage , or allograft rejection .
CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of the following postoperative complications : general morbidity , wound complications , general infections , pulmonary complications , neurological complications , and admission to the intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type .
BACKGROUND The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complications are inconsistent , thus there is a need for a review and meta- analysis to summarize the existing evidence .
Postoperative Wound Infections After Breast Reductions: The Role of Smoking and the Amount of Tissue Removed
Background This prospect i ve study followed patients who underwent breast reductions  to determine the influence of smoking and the amount of tissue removed on postoperative wound infections . Methods Patients who had received breast reductions were considered eligible for the study . The study excluded postbariatric patients and those with ongoing clinical infections , a recent antibiotic course , or systemic diseases that could impair tissue oxygenation . Smokers were instructed to quit smoking at least 4 weeks before surgery . Results By March 2004 , the study had enrolled 87 patients .  Postoperative infections were present in 24 cases ( 27.9 % ) . Infections included 16 in smokers ( 37.2 % ) , 8 in nonsmokers ( 18.2 % ; p < 0.05 ) , 14 in patients with large resections ( > 0.85 kg ; 70 % ) , and 10 in patients with small resections ( 14.9 % ; p < 0.001 ) . Significant differences were found between the patients who experienced infections and those who were infection free in terms of the overall estimated cigarettes smoked ( mean , 146,000 ; range , 29,200–228,125 vs mean , 10,950 ; range , 9,125–54,750 ; p < 0.001 ) , the number of pack years ( mean , 20 ; range , 4–31 vs mean , 2 ; range , 1–8 ; p < 0.001 ) , and the amount of tissue removed ( mean , 0.9 kg ; range , 0.5–2 kg vs mean , 0.5 kg ; range , 0.2–1.4 kg ; p < 0.001 ) . The analysis for all the patients determined an odds ratio of 2.04 for smoking and 4.7 for the amount of tissue removed . Conclusions Smoking and the amount of tissue removed are important issues in aesthetic breast surgery that need to be addressed accurately by the plastic surgeon . If future larger studies confirm these data , surgeons could have a simple and easy method for stratifying patients according to their risk for the development of wound infections and for prescribing specific preventive measures
Preoperative smoking status was not observed to be associated with postoperative mortality , cardiovascular complications , bleedings , anastomotic leakage , or allograft rejection .
CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of the following postoperative complications : general morbidity , wound complications , general infections , pulmonary complications , neurological complications , and admission to the intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type .
BACKGROUND The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complications are inconsistent , thus there is a need for a review and meta- analysis to summarize the existing evidence .