Conclusions The TFI has the most robust evidence of reliability and validity and has been the most extensively examined in terms of psychometric properties .
However , there is insufficient evidence at present to determine the best tool for use in research and clinical practice .
Background Frailty is widely recognised as a distinct multifactorial clinical syndrome that implies vulnerability .
The links between frailty and adverse outcomes such as death and institutionalisation have been widely evidence d. There is currently no gold st and ard frailty assessment tool ; optimizing the assessment of frailty in older people therefore remains a research priority .
The objective of this systematic review is to identify existing multi-component frailty assessment tools that were specifically developed to assess frailty in adults aged ≥60 years old and to systematic ally and critically evaluate the reliability and validity of these tools .
Frailty syndrome diagnosed according to the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) criteria and adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older outpatients in Italy. A one-year prospective cohort study.
The easy-to-apply SOF criteria for frailty were recently vali date d in studies conducted in the U.S. only . In order to determine the ability of the SOF criteria to predict adverse health outcomes at a one-year follow-up in a sample of older out patients in Italy we carried out a prospect i ve cohort study on 265 community-dwelling out patients aged 65 + ( mean age 81.5 years ) consecutively referred to a geriatric clinic . At baseline participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment ( CGA ) including evaluation of their frailty status according to the SOF criteria . At a one-year follow-up , between June and December 2010 , we investigated nursing home placement and death in all participants as well as any fall , any admission to the emergency department ( ED ) , any hospitalization and a greater disability among the subset of subjects still living at home . One year after the visit 231 subjects were still living at home ( 87.2 % ) , 9 had been placed in a nursing home ( 3.4 % ) and 25 had died ( 9.4 % ) . Frailty was associated with a greater risk of falls ( odds ratio [ OR ] 2.01 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.05 - 3.83 , p=0.035 ) , hospitalization ( OR 2.08 , 95 % CI 1.02 - 4.24 , p=0.045 ) and death ( OR 3.07 , 95 % 1.02 - 4.24 , p=0.045 ) after correction for demographic characteristics , comorbidity including dementia and depression , socioeconomic position and severe disability . Thus , in an older outpatient population in Italy the frailty syndrome diagnosed according to the SOF criteria was an independent predictor of several adverse health outcomes
Conclusions The TFI has the most robust evidence of reliability and validity and has been the most extensively examined in terms of psychometric properties .
However , there is insufficient evidence at present to determine the best tool for use in research and clinical practice .
Background Frailty is widely recognised as a distinct multifactorial clinical syndrome that implies vulnerability .
The links between frailty and adverse outcomes such as death and institutionalisation have been widely evidence d. There is currently no gold st and ard frailty assessment tool ; optimizing the assessment of frailty in older people therefore remains a research priority .
The objective of this systematic review is to identify existing multi-component frailty assessment tools that were specifically developed to assess frailty in adults aged ≥60 years old and to systematic ally and critically evaluate the reliability and validity of these tools .