In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .
Complementary effects of multivitamin and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on indices of cardiovascular health in individuals with elevated homocysteine.
Homocysteine ( HCY ) , C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . While multivitamins ( MVit ) may reduce HCY and hsCRP , omega-3 fatty acids ( N3 ) reduce TG ; yet , they are seldom studied simultaneously . We r and omly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY ( > 8.0 umol/L ) to the daily ingestion of : ( 1 ) placebo , ( 2 ) MVit ( VitC : 200 mg ; VitE : 400 IU ; VitB6 : 25 mg ; Folic Acid : 400 ug ; VitB12 : 400 ug ) + placebo , ( 3 ) N3 ( 2 g N3 , 760 mg EPA , 440 mg DHA)+placebo , or ( 4 ) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks . At follow-up , we observed significant reductions in HCY ( umol/L ) for the MVit ( - 1.43 , 95 % CI , - 2.39 , - 0.47 ) and MVit + N3 groups ( - 1.01 , 95 % CI , - 1.98 , - 0.04 ) groups , both being significant ( p < 0.05 ) vs. placebo ( - 0.57 , 95 % CI , - 1.49 , 0.35 ) and N3 ( 1.11 , 95 % CI , 0.07 , 2.17 ) . hsCRP ( nmol/L ) was significantly reduced in the MVit ( - 6.00 , 95 % CI , - 1.04 , - 0.15 ) and MVit + N3 ( - 0.98 , 95 % CI , - 1.51 , - 0.46 ) groups , but not vs. placebo ( - 0.15 , 95 % CI , - 0.74 , 0.43 ) or N3 ( - 0.53 , 95 % CI , - 1.18 , 0.12 ) . Lastly , we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 ( - 0.41 , 95 % CI , - 0.69 , - 0.13 ) and MVit + N3 ( - 0.71 , 95 % CI , - 0.93 , - 0.46 ) groups , both significant vs. placebo ( - 0.10 , 95 % CI , - 0.36 , 0.17 ) and MVit groups ( 0.15 , 95 % CI , - 12 , 0.42 ) . The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY , hsCRP , and plasma TG
In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .