Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .
A Pharmacist Care Program
Objective : To investigate the effect of a pharmacist care program on cardiovascular risks in type 2 diabetic patients . Methods : A 9-month , prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled study was conducted in a public hospital in Hong Kong . Patients in the intervention group had regular drug-counseling sessions with pharmacists in addition to routine medical care , whereas patients in the control group received only routine medical care . The primary outcome was the change in coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk . Results : A total of 105 patients completed the study . Patients in the intervention group had a statistically significant reduction in CHD risk compared to those in the control group ( −1.64 % ± 3.56 % ; n = 51 vs −0.01 % ± 3.08 % ; n = 54 , P = .013 ) . For stroke , a reduction in risk was noted in the intervention group , while an increased risk was noted in the control group ( −1.06 % ± 1.82 % vs 0.31 % ± 2.51 % , P = .002 ) . In addition , hemoglobin A1c levels were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group ( −1.57 % ± 1.50 % vs –0.40 % ± 1.19 % , P < .001 ) ; a similar profile was seen with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( −0.36 ± 0.76 vs −0.03 ± 0.74 , P = .026 ) . Furthermore , there were nonsignificant improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , triglyceride , and blood pressure in the intervention group . The increased level of underst and ing regarding medications in the intervention group was statistically significant ( P < .001 ) , yielding a better enhancement in compliance compared with patients in the control group ( 22.5 % ± 13.4 % vs 2.0 % ± 5.0 % , P < .001 ) . Conclusion : The pharmacist care program implemented in this study demonstrated a significant cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetic patients ; therefore such a program would be a valuable addition to a multidisciplinary care of diabetic patients
Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .