In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Resistance training improves capacity to delay neuromuscular fatigue in older adults.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term resistance exercise on neuromuscular fatigue threshold ( PWCFT ) , strength , functional performance , and body composition in older adults . Twenty-three participants ( 71.2 ± 6.0 yr ) were r and omly assigned to 6 weeks of resistance exercise ( EXE ) or control ( CONT ) . A submaximal cycle ergometer test , physical working capacity at fatigue threshold , was used to determine PWCFT . Strength was assessed with predicted leg extension 1-RM and functional performance with time to complete 5 chair rises ( CHAIR ) and walk an 8-ft course ( WALK ) . PWCFT , 1-RM and CHAIR significantly ( p<0.05 ) improved in the EXE ( 27 % , 24 % , 27 % ) compared with CONT ( -0.1 % , 7 % , 6 % ) , respectively . The results of this study suggest that short term EXE improved strength , functionality and the capacity to delay the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in older adults
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .