In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Effect of resistance training with different frequencies and detraining on muscular strength and oxidative stress biomarkers in older women
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of resistance training ( RT ) performed with different frequencies followed by a detraining period on muscular strength and oxidative stress ( OS ) biomarkers in older women . Twenty-seven physically independent women ( 68.8 ± 4.8 years , 69.1 ± 14.3 kg , 156.0 ± 6.5 cm , and 28.3 ± 4.9 to kg.m−2 ) were r and omly assigned to perform a RT program for 2 or 3 days per week ( G2X = 13 vs. G3X = 14 ) for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks of detraining period  . One repetition maximum ( 1RM ) tests were used as measures of muscular strength ( three exercises , three attempts for each exercise , 3–5 min of rest between attempts , and 5 min of rest between exercises ) . Advanced oxidized protein products ( AOPP ) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter ( TRAP ) were used as oxidative stress indicators . Both groups increased muscular strength after 12 weeks of training ( P < 0.05 ) in chest press ( G2X = + 11.9 % vs. G3X = + 27.5 % , P < 0.05 ) , knee extension ( G2X = + 18.4 % vs. G3X = + 16.7 % , P > 0.05 ) , and preacher curl ( G2X = + 37.6 % vs. G3X = + 36.7 % , P > 0.05 ) . On the other h and , 12 weeks of detraining were not sufficient to eliminate the major effects produced by RT on muscular strength , although a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ) has been observed for chest press ( G3X = −9.1 % vs. G2X = −10.2 % , P > 0.05 ) , knee extension ( G2X = −14.9 % vs. G3X = −12.1 % , P > 0.05 ) , and preacher curl ( G2X = −20.5 % vs. G3X = −17.4 % , P > 0.05 ) . Pre- to post-training , both groups showed significant ( P < 0.05 ) increases in TRAP ( G2X = + 6.9 % vs. G3X = + 15.1 % ) with no statistical significant difference between the groups ( P > 0.05 ) , and the scores remained elevated compared to pre-training after 12 weeks of detraining . AOPP was not changed by RT or detraining ( P > 0.05 ) . The results suggest that a 12-week RT program with a frequency of 2 days per week may be sufficient to improve muscular strength and OS in older women and detraining for 12 weeks does not completely reverse the changes induced by RT
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .