Conclusion : Probiotic treatment or supplementation is a promising therapeutic method for NAFLD
Background : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) has become prevalent in recent decades , especially in developed countries , and approaches for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are not clear .
The aim of this research was to analyze and summarize r and omized controlled trials that investigated the effects of probiotics on NAFLD .
Effect of short-term carbohydrate overfeeding and long-term weight loss on liver fat in overweight humans.
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have identified a high intake of simple sugars as an important dietary factor predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) . OBJECTIVE We examined whether overfeeding overweight subjects with simple sugars  increases liver fat and de novo lipogenesis ( DNL ) and whether this is reversible by weight loss . DESIGN Sixteen subjects [ BMI ( kg/m² ) : 30.6 ± 1.2 ] were placed on a hypercaloric diet ( > 1000 kcal simple carbohydrates/d ) for 3 wk and , thereafter , on a hypocaloric diet for 6 mo . The subjects were genotyped for rs739409 in the PNPLA3 gene . Before and after overfeeding and after hypocaloric diet , metabolic variables and liver fat ( measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ) were measured . The ratio of palmitate ( 16:0 ) to linoleate ( 18:2n-6 ) in serum and VLDL triglycerides was used as an index of DNL . RESULTS Carbohydrate overfeeding increased weight ( ±SEM ) by 2 % ( 1.8 ± 0.3 kg ; P < 0.0001 ) and liver fat by 27 % from 9.2 ± 1.9 % to 11.7 ± 1.9 % ( P = 0.005 ) . DNL increased in proportion to the increase in liver fat and serum triglycerides in subjects with PNPLA3 - 148IIbut not PNPLA3 - 148MM . During the hypocaloric diet , the subjects lost 4 % of their weight ( 3.2 ± 0.6 kg ; P < 0.0001 ) and 25 % of their liver fat content ( from 11.7 ± 1.9 % to 8.8 ± 1.8 % ; P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate overfeeding for 3 wk induced a > 10-fold greater relative change in liver fat ( 27 % ) than in body weight ( 2 % ) . The increase in liver fat was proportional to that in DNL . Weight loss restores liver fat to normal . These data indicate that the human fatty liver avidly accumulates fat during carbohydrate overfeeding and support a role for DNL in the pathogenesis of NAFLD . This trial was registered at www.hus.fi as 235780
Conclusion : Probiotic treatment or supplementation is a promising therapeutic method for NAFLD
Background : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) has become prevalent in recent decades , especially in developed countries , and approaches for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are not clear .
The aim of this research was to analyze and summarize r and omized controlled trials that investigated the effects of probiotics on NAFLD .