Results : In ADHD , deviant prefrontal and cingulate functional activity was associated with increased IA .
Structural alterations were most pronounced in the cingulate cortex .
Subjects with DBDs showed marked cortico‐subcortical dysfunctions .
ADHD and DBDs share similar cortico‐limbic structural and functional alterations .
RI deficits in ADHD highlighted hypoactivity in the dorso/ventro‐lateral PFC , insula , and striatum , while the paralimbic system was primarily dysfunctional in DBDs .
Across disorders , extensively altered cortico‐limbic dysfunctions underlie IA , while RI was mostly associated with aberrant prefrontal activity .
Conclusion : Control network deficits were evidence d across clinical phenotypes in IA and RI .
Dysfunctions at any level within these cortico‐subcortical projections lead to deficient cognitive‐affective control by ascribing emotional salience to otherwise irrelevant stimuli .
HighlightsImpulsive aggression and dysfunctional response inhibition are present in ADHD and DBDs .
Broad fronto‐striatal‐cerebellar dysfunctions have been implicated in ADHD and DBDs .
Prefrontal and cingulate cortical deficits are associated with IA in ADHD.Severe widespread cortico‐subcortical breakdowns are associated with IA in DBDs .
RI deficits have been attributed to hypoactivity in the lateral PFC , insula , and amygdala .
Whether reduced gray matter volumes relate to ADHD and DBDs or if present as an IA epiphenomenon remains debatable .
Background : Although impulsive aggression ( IA ) and dysfunctional response inhibition ( RI ) are hallmarks of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and disrupted behavioral disorders ( DBDs ) , little is known about their shared and distinct deviant neural mechanisms .
Impulsivity-hyperactivity and subtypes of aggression in early childhood: an observational and short-term longitudinal study
This short-term longitudinal study ( N = 112 ) was conducted to explore the concurrent and prospect i ve associations between teacher-reported impulsive-hyperactive behavior and observed relational and physical aggression during early childhood ( M = 45.54 months old , SD = 9.07 ) .  Multiple informants and methods including observational methods ( i.e. , 160 min per child ) were used to assess aggression and impulsivity-hyperactivity . All measures were found to be valid and reliable . Prospect i ve hierarchical regression analyses revealed that impulsivity-hyperactivity was associated with increases in observed physical aggression across time , controlling for initial relational aggression and gender . These findings add to the growing developmental psychopathology literature that suggests that distinguishing between subtypes of aggression during early childhood may be important for underst and ing the course of impulsivity-hyperactivity in young children . Implication s for practice are discussed
Results : In ADHD , deviant prefrontal and cingulate functional activity was associated with increased IA .
Structural alterations were most pronounced in the cingulate cortex .
Subjects with DBDs showed marked cortico‐subcortical dysfunctions .
ADHD and DBDs share similar cortico‐limbic structural and functional alterations .
RI deficits in ADHD highlighted hypoactivity in the dorso/ventro‐lateral PFC , insula , and striatum , while the paralimbic system was primarily dysfunctional in DBDs .
Across disorders , extensively altered cortico‐limbic dysfunctions underlie IA , while RI was mostly associated with aberrant prefrontal activity .
Conclusion : Control network deficits were evidence d across clinical phenotypes in IA and RI .
Dysfunctions at any level within these cortico‐subcortical projections lead to deficient cognitive‐affective control by ascribing emotional salience to otherwise irrelevant stimuli .
HighlightsImpulsive aggression and dysfunctional response inhibition are present in ADHD and DBDs .
Broad fronto‐striatal‐cerebellar dysfunctions have been implicated in ADHD and DBDs .
Prefrontal and cingulate cortical deficits are associated with IA in ADHD.Severe widespread cortico‐subcortical breakdowns are associated with IA in DBDs .
RI deficits have been attributed to hypoactivity in the lateral PFC , insula , and amygdala .
Whether reduced gray matter volumes relate to ADHD and DBDs or if present as an IA epiphenomenon remains debatable .
Background : Although impulsive aggression ( IA ) and dysfunctional response inhibition ( RI ) are hallmarks of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and disrupted behavioral disorders ( DBDs ) , little is known about their shared and distinct deviant neural mechanisms .