The only study available on disulfiram showed reduced REM sleep .
Acamprosate showed no/little effect on self-reported sleep but improved sleep continuity and architecture measured by polysomnography .
The two opioidergic drugs naltrexone and nalmefene had mainly detrimental effect on sleep , giving increased insomnia and /or somnolence compared with placebo , although not always significant .
The meta- analysis confirmed significantly increased somnolence and insomnia in the naltrexone group , compared with the placebo .
Overall , the currently available evidence s show more sleep problems with the opioidergic drugs ( especially naltrexone ) , while acamprosate seems to be well tolerated or even beneficial .
Acamprosate might be a more suitable choice when patients with AUD report sleep problems .
Background : Sleep disorders are commonly associated with acute and chronic use of alcohol and with abstinence .
To date , there are four approved drugs to treat alcohol use disorder ( AUD ) : disulfiram , acamprosate , naltrexone , and nalmefene .
These AUD therapies reduce the craving and risk of relapse into heavy drinking , but little is known about their effect on sleep .
As recent evidence s indicate a crucial role of sleep disorders in AUD , cl aim ing that sleep problems may trigger alcohol abuse and relapses , it is fundamental to clarify the impact of those drugs on the sleep quality of AUD patients .
This systematic review aims to answer the question : how does the pharmacotherapy for AUD affect sleep ?
Acute intravenous administration of morphine perturbs sleep architecture in healthy pain-free young adults: a preliminary study.
STUDY OBJECTIVES Pain is a leading cause of sleep disturbances in medical illness . Providing effective analgesia is considered an important intervention to reduce these sleep disturbances . Opioids remain the treatment of choice to relieve postoperative pain in hospitalized patients . However , their effects on sleep in pain patients or normal subjects remain unclear , as previous studies have been conducted mainly with former opioid addicts . The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and describe the effects of acute clinical doses of morphine on sleep in healthy pain-free subjects . DESIGN Subjects were r and omly assigned to untreated ( baseline ) , morphine ( intravenous injections of 0.1 [ DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED ] mg/kg ) , and placebo ( intravenous injections of 0.9 % NaCI ) conditions . SETTING Sleep laboratory . PARTICIPANTS Seven healthy pain-free , nonaddicts ( 5 women , 2 men ; mean age = 25 + /- 1.6 years ) . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS St and ard polysomnographic sleep and respiratory variables were measured during 3 experimental conditions . The treatment effect was analyzed with a Latin square cross-over design followed , when appropriate , by Tukey contrasts . Morphine altered sleep architecture by reducing slow-wave sleep ( non-rapid eye movement stages 3 - 4 ) and rapid eye movement sleep , and by increasing non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep . Results did not reveal any statistical differences for other sleep and respiratory variables . CONCLUSIONS Similar to earlier findings in animals , nondependent opiate addicts , and postoperative patients , morphine was found to reduce duration of slow-wave sleep . Unlike previous reports , however , its acute administration produced a moderate reduction in rapid eye movement sleep and did not increase correlates of arousal ( ie , awakenings , electroencephalogram arousals , wake after sleep onset ) . Future studies should correlate these findings in patients with pain and evaluate whether optimal pain relief with opioid therapy can improve sleep disturbances in pain patients
The only study available on disulfiram showed reduced REM sleep .
Acamprosate showed no/little effect on self-reported sleep but improved sleep continuity and architecture measured by polysomnography .
The two opioidergic drugs naltrexone and nalmefene had mainly detrimental effect on sleep , giving increased insomnia and /or somnolence compared with placebo , although not always significant .
The meta- analysis confirmed significantly increased somnolence and insomnia in the naltrexone group , compared with the placebo .
Overall , the currently available evidence s show more sleep problems with the opioidergic drugs ( especially naltrexone ) , while acamprosate seems to be well tolerated or even beneficial .
Acamprosate might be a more suitable choice when patients with AUD report sleep problems .
Background : Sleep disorders are commonly associated with acute and chronic use of alcohol and with abstinence .
To date , there are four approved drugs to treat alcohol use disorder ( AUD ) : disulfiram , acamprosate , naltrexone , and nalmefene .
These AUD therapies reduce the craving and risk of relapse into heavy drinking , but little is known about their effect on sleep .
As recent evidence s indicate a crucial role of sleep disorders in AUD , cl aim ing that sleep problems may trigger alcohol abuse and relapses , it is fundamental to clarify the impact of those drugs on the sleep quality of AUD patients .
This systematic review aims to answer the question : how does the pharmacotherapy for AUD affect sleep ?