Maternal fat intake ( n = 25 ) might be associated with gestational weight gain as suggested by observational studies , although the direction of this association might depend on specific types of fat ( e.g. , saturated fat ) .
Macronutrient intake was not consistently associated with the prevalence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain .
CONCLUSIONS The current literature provides evidence that energy intake is associated with gestational weight gain , but the roles of individual macronutrients are inconsistent .
BACKGROUND  Abnormal gestational weight gain is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes .
Several risk factors have been identified , but the effect of macronutrient intake during pregnancy on gestational weight gain has not been systematic ally evaluated in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries .
The effect of maternal nutritional variables on birthweight outcomes of infants born to Sherpa women at low and high altitudes in Nepal
A prospect i ve , longitudinal study was conducted in Nepal to investigate the effects of maternal nutrition on the pregnancy outcome of Sherpa women living at low and high altitudes . It was hypothesized that variation in nutrition and energy expenditure of pregnant women would correlate with variation in infant birthweight . Anthropometric dimensions , energy consumption and expenditure , and demographic and migration information were collected on a large sample of women living in two regions of Nepal : the Khumbu region ( 3480–3930 m ) and Kathm and u ( 1330 m ) . This paper reports findings for a subset of the sample ; 17 women at low altitude and 21 women at high altitude who became pregnant and were followed during pregnancy . The results showed no significant differences for mean birthweights between the low ( X = 3069 ± 341 grams ) and high ( X = 3099 ± 483 grams ) altitude sample s. Furthermore , larger birthweights were associated with larger weight gains during pregnancy for the high altitude sample . A stepwise regression analysis found a negative association between high energy expenditures during the second trimester and infant birthweight , but positive associations were found between third trimester calcium and second trimester protein intakes and birthweight . Prepregnancy BMI and stature were associated positively with infant birthweight , suggesting that good nutritional status prior to pregnancy may play an important role in pregnancy outcome for this population . Am . J. Hum . Biol . 9:751–763 , 1997 . © 1997 Wiley‐Liss ,
Maternal fat intake ( n = 25 ) might be associated with gestational weight gain as suggested by observational studies , although the direction of this association might depend on specific types of fat ( e.g. , saturated fat ) .
Macronutrient intake was not consistently associated with the prevalence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain .
CONCLUSIONS The current literature provides evidence that energy intake is associated with gestational weight gain , but the roles of individual macronutrients are inconsistent .
BACKGROUND  Abnormal gestational weight gain is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes .
Several risk factors have been identified , but the effect of macronutrient intake during pregnancy on gestational weight gain has not been systematic ally evaluated in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries .