In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Low urine pH and acid excretion do not predict bone fractures or the loss of bone mineral density: a prospective cohort study
Background The acid-ash hypothesis , the alkaline diet , and related products are marketed to the general public . Websites , lay literature , and direct mail marketing encourage people to measure their urine pH to assess their health status and their risk of osteoporosis . The objectives of this study were to determine whether 1 ) low urine pH , or 2 ) acid excretion in urine [ sulfate + chloride + 1.8x phosphate + organic acids ] minus [ sodium + potassium + 2x calcium + 2x magnesium mEq ] in fasting morning urine predict : a ) fragility fractures ; and b ) five-year change of bone mineral density ( BMD ) in adults . Methods Design : Cohort study : the prospect i ve population -based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study .  Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between acid excretion ( urine pH and urine acid excretion ) in fasting morning with the incidence of fractures ( 6804 person years ) . Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between acid excretion with changes in BMD over 5-years at three sites : lumbar spine , femoral neck , and total hip ( n = 651 ) . Potential confounders controlled included : age , gender , family history of osteoporosis , physical activity , smoking , calcium intake , vitamin D status , estrogen status , medications , renal function , urine creatinine , body mass index , and change of body mass index . Results There were no associations between either urine pH or acid excretion and either the incidence of fractures or change of BMD after adjustment for confounders . Conclusion Urine pH and urine acid excretion do not predict osteoporosis risk
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .