Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .
Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo.
BACKGROUND Long-term weight loss and cardiometabolic effects of a very-low-carbohydrate , high-saturated-fat diet ( LC ) and a high-carbohydrate , low-fat diet ( LF ) have not been evaluated under isocaloric conditions . OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare an energy-controlled LC diet with an LF diet at 1 y. DESIGN Men and women ( n = 118 ) with abdominal obesity and at least one additional metabolic syndrome risk factor were r and omly assigned to either an energy-restricted ( approximately 6 - 7 MJ ) LC diet ( 4 % , 35 % , and 61 % of energy as carbohydrate , protein , and fat , respectively ) or an isocaloric LF diet ( 46 % , 24 % , and 30 % of energy as carbohydrate , protein , and fat , respectively ) for 1 y. Weight , body composition , and cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed . RESULTS Sixty-nine participants ( 59 % ) completed the trial : 33 in the LC group and 36 in the LF group . Both groups lost similar amounts of weight ( LC : -14.5 + /- 1.7 kg ; LF : -11.5 + /- 1.2 kg ; P = 0.14 , time x diet ) and body fat ( LC : -11.3 + /- 1.5 kg ; LF : -9.4 + /- 1.2 kg ; P = 0.30 ) . Blood pressure , fasting glucose , insulin , insulin resistance , and C-reactive protein decreased independently of diet composition . Compared with the LF group , the LC group had greater decreases in triglycerides ( -0.36 + /- 0.15 mmol/L ; 95 % CI : -0.67 , -0.05 mmol/L ; P = 0.011 ) , increases in HDL cholesterol ( 0.23 + /- 0.09 mmol/L ; 95 % CI : 0.06 , 0.40 mmol/L ; P = 0.018 ) and LDL cholesterol ( 0.6 + /- 0.2 mmol/L ; 95 % CI : 0.2 , 1.0 mmol/L ; P = 0.001 ) , and a greater but nonsignificant increase in apolipoprotein B ( 0.08 + /- 0.04 g/L ; 95 % CI : -0.004 , 0.171 g/L ; P = 0.17 ) . CONCLUSIONS Under planned isoenergetic conditions , as expected , both dietary patterns result ed in similar weight loss and changes in body composition . The LC diet may offer clinical benefits to obese persons with insulin resistance . However , the increase in LDL cholesterol with the LC diet suggests that this measure should be monitored . This trial was registered with the Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry at ( http://www.anzctr.org.au ) as ACTR 12606000203550
Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .