The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations , derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature .
BACKGROUND Currently , there is no evidence -based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research setting s. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest- quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion .
The goal was to establish an evidence -based foundation from which to derive , in future work , a definition , diagnostic criteria , and prognostic indicators for concussion .
Grade 1 or “Ding” Concussions in High School Athletes
Background Recent concussion management guidelines have suggested that athletes with mild ( grade 1 ) concussions may be returned to play if asymptomatic for 15 minutes . The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a current concussion management guideline in classifying and managing mild concussion . Hypothesis High school athletes diagnosed with a grade 1 concussion will demonstrate measurable decline in neuropsychological functioning that persists during the 1st week of recovery . Study Design Prospect i ve study design ed to evaluate neuropsychological functioning both prior to and following concussion . Methods Forty-three high school athletes completed  neuropsychological test performance  and  symptom ratings  prior to the season and at two times during the 1st week following  mild concussion . Results Thirty-six hours after injury , mildly concussed high school athletes demonstrated a decline in memory ( P < 0.003 ) and a dramatic increase in self-reported symptoms ( P < 0.00001 ) compared to baseline performance . Conclusions Athletes with grade 1 concussion demonstrated memory deficits and symptoms that persisted beyond the context in which they were injured . These data suggest that current grade 1 return-to-play recommendations that allow for immediate return to play may be too liberal . Clinical Relevance A reconsideration of current concussion grading systems appears to be warranted
The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations , derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature .
BACKGROUND Currently , there is no evidence -based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research setting s. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest- quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion .
The goal was to establish an evidence -based foundation from which to derive , in future work , a definition , diagnostic criteria , and prognostic indicators for concussion .