Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
A new scoring system for evaluating the risk of heart failure events in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation.
Risk stratification for heart failure ( HF ) in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) has not been well established . The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of HF events in patients with AF , consequently developing a new risk-scoring system that stratifies the risk for HF events . In this prospect i ve , single hospital-based cohort , all patients who presented from July 2004 to March 2010 were registered ( Shinken Data base 2004 - 2009 ) . Follow-up was maintained by being linked to the medical records or by sending study documents of prognosis . Of the 13,228 patients in the Shinken Data base 2004 - 2009 , 1,942 patients with AF were identified . Of the patients with AF , HF events ( hospitalization or death from HF ) occurred in 147 patients ( 7.6 % ) during a mean follow-up period of 776 ± 623 days . After identifying the parameters that were independently associated with the incidence of HF events ( coexistence of organic heart diseases , anemia [ hemoglobin level < 11 g/dl ] , renal dysfunction [ estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/m(2 ) ] , diabetes mellitus , and the use of diuretics ) , a new scoring system was developed , the H(2)ARDD score ( heart diseases = 2 points , anemia = 1 point , renal dysfunction = 1 point , diabetes = 1 point , and diuretic use = 1 point ; range 0 to 6 points ) . This scoring system discriminated the low- and high-risk population s well ( incidence in patients scoring 0 and 6 points of 0.2 % and 40.8 % per patient-year , respectively ) and showed high predictive ability ( area under the curve 0.840 , 95 % confidence interval 0.803 to 0.876 ) . In conclusion , the new H(2)ARDD score may help identify the population of patients with AF at high risk for HF events
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .