Associations between objective ly measured total sedentary time and indicators of adiposity and motor development were predominantly null .
Associations between screen time and indicators of adiposity , motor or cognitive development , and psychosocial health were primarily unfavourable or null .
Associations between time spent seated ( e.g. , in car seats or strollers ) or in the supine position , and indicators of adiposity and motor development , were primarily unfavourable or null .
Conclusions These findings continue to support the importance of minimizing screen time for disease prevention and health promotion in the early years , but also highlight the potential cognitive benefits of interactive non-screen-based sedentary behaviours such as reading and storytelling .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between  sedentary behaviour ( SB ) and health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years , and to determine what doses of SB ( i.e. , duration , patterns [ frequency , interruptions ] , and type ) were associated with health indicators .
The impact of demographic and socio-economic conditions on the prevalence of speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola.
INTRODUCTION Speech development in preschool children should be consistent with a child 's overall development . However , disorders of speech in childhood are not uncommon . OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of demographic and socio-economic conditions on the prevalence of speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola . METHODS The study is observational and prospect i ve with two years duration . During the period from May 2009 to June 2011 , 1607 children aged 3 and 5 years , who came for regular examinations , were observed . The following research methods were applied : pediatric examination , psychological testing ( Test of Chuturik ) , interviews with parents and a question naire for behavior of children ( Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL ) . RESULTS 1,607 children were analyzed , 772 aged three years , 835 aged five years , 51.65 % male and 49.35 % female . The prevalence of speech disorders was 37.65 % . Statistical analysis showed that these disorders were more frequent in three years old children , males living in rural areas and in larger families . They did not have their own rooms at home , they were using mobile phones and were spending many hours per day watching television , ( p<0.01 ) . Also , children whose parents had lower levels of education and were engaged in agriculture , often had significant speech disorders , ( p<0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola have a high prevalence . Because of their influence on later cognitive development of children , the process requires cooperation among parents , children , speech and the audiologist with the significant role in prevention , early detection and treatment
Associations between objective ly measured total sedentary time and indicators of adiposity and motor development were predominantly null .
Associations between screen time and indicators of adiposity , motor or cognitive development , and psychosocial health were primarily unfavourable or null .
Associations between time spent seated ( e.g. , in car seats or strollers ) or in the supine position , and indicators of adiposity and motor development , were primarily unfavourable or null .
Conclusions These findings continue to support the importance of minimizing screen time for disease prevention and health promotion in the early years , but also highlight the potential cognitive benefits of interactive non-screen-based sedentary behaviours such as reading and storytelling .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between  sedentary behaviour ( SB ) and health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years , and to determine what doses of SB ( i.e. , duration , patterns [ frequency , interruptions ] , and type ) were associated with health indicators .