In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .
"ANABOLIC" EFFECTS OF METHANDIENONE IN MEN UNDERGOING ATHLETIC TRAINING
After failure to confirm an anabolic action of testosterone and its derivatives in rats , meth and ienone ( ' Dianabol ' , an " anabolic steroid " used by athletes ) has been given to 11 athletic men during a course of weight-training , in a double-blind , crossover experiment . The dose of meth and ienone was 100 mg/day for 6 wk . Body weight and composition , muscular strength and performance , and indices of endocrine function were studied . Compared with the placebo period , on meth and ienone the subjects gained weight ( mean 3 - 3 kg + /- 0 - 6 kg ) and accumulated a disproportionately large amount of potassium ( 420+/-68 mmol ) ; the increase in weight was confined to the lean part of the body , and the muscles increased in size . Strength and performance improved over each training period , but not significantly differently on drug and placebo . On the drug , plasma-cortisol concentration and urinary cortisol excretion increased , and plasma-testosterone decreased . Although the weight and body-composition changes may demonstrate an anabolic action of meth and ienone in man , they may alternatively have been caused by an increase in intracellular fluid , and the question of anabolic action therefore remains open
In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .