As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Training Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Increases Both Plasma and Leukocyte Levels of IGF-1 in Late Middle-Aged Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) is an age-related chronic disease associated with metabolic dysregulation , chronic inflammation , and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC ) . The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a concurrent exercise training program on inflammatory status and metabolic parameters of T2D patients . Sixteen male patients ( age range 55–70 ) were r and omly assigned to an intervention group ( n = 8) , which underwent a concurrent aerobic and resistance training program ( 3 times a week ; 16 weeks ) , or to a control group , which followed physicians ' usual diabetes care advices . Training intervention significantly improved patients ' body composition , blood pressure , total cholesterol , and overall fitness level . After training , plasma levels of adipokines leptin ( −33.9 % ) and RBP4 ( −21.3 % ) , and proinflammatory markers IL-6 ( −25.3 % ) , TNF-α ( −19.8 % ) and MCP-1 ( −15.3 % ) decreased , whereas anabolic hormone IGF-1 level increased ( + 16.4 % ) . All improvements were significantly greater than those of control patients . Plasma proteomic profile of exercised patients showed a reduction of immunoglobulin K light chain and fibrinogen as well . Training also induced a modulation of IL-6 , IGF-1 , and IGFBP-3 mRNAs in the P BMC s. These findings confirm that concurrent aerobic and resistance training improves T2D-related metabolic abnormalities and has the potential to reduce the deleterious health effects of diabetes-related inflammation
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .