In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Adolescent beverage habits and changes in weight over time: findings from Project EAT.
BACKGROUND Obesity in adolescence has been increasing in the past several decades . Beverage habits among adolescents include increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and decreased consumption of milk . OBJECTIVE This study aim ed to examine the association between beverage consumption and 5-y body weight change  in 2294 adolescents . DESIGN Project EAT ( Eating Among Teens ) is a 5-y longitudinal study of eating patterns among adolescents . Surveys were completed in 1998 - 1999 ( time 1 ) and in 2003 - 2004 ( time 2 ) . Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between beverage consumption at time 2 and change in body mass index from time 1 to time 2 , with adjustments for age , socioeconomic status , race , cohort , physical activity , sedentary behavior , coffee , tea , time 1 body mass index , and beverage variables . RESULTS In prospect i ve analyses , consumption of beverages was not associated with weight gain , except for consumption of low-calorie soft drinks ( positive association , P = 0.002 ) and white milk ( inverse association , P = 0.03 ) , but these associations did not appear to be a monotonic linear dose-response relation . The positive association with low-calorie soft drinks was no longer present after adjustment for dieting and parental weight-related concerns , which suggests that the use of low-calorie soft drinks is a marker for more general dietary behaviors and weight concerns . CONCLUSIONS We showed no association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption , juice consumption , and adolescent weight gain over a 5-y period . A direct association between diet beverages and weight gain appeared to be explained by dieting practice s. Adolescents who consumed little or no white milk gained significantly more weight than their peers who consumed white milk . Future research that examines beverage habits and weight among adolescents should address portion sizes , adolescent maturation , and dieting behaviors
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .