RESULTS Modafinil appears to improve reaction time ( P ≤ 0.04 ) , logical reasoning ( P ≤ 0.05 ) and problem-solving .
Across all three types of prescription stimulants , research shows improved attention with lack of consensus on whether these improvements are limited to simple versus complex tasks in varying youth population s. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity of the non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth population , the variation in cognitive task characteristics and lack of replication of studies makes assessing the potential global neurocognitive benefits of stimulants among non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth difficult ; however , some youth may derive benefit in specific cognitive domains
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increasing prescription stimulant abuse among youth without diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is of concern .
The most frequently cited motive for abuse is improved academic achievement via neurocognitive enhancement .
Our aim in review ing the literature was to identify neurocognitive effects of prescription stimulants in non-ADHD youth .
Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration.
OBJECTIVES To explore the illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and add to our underst and ing of reasons ( motives ) and routes of administration associated with illicit use of these drugs . METHODS A r and om sample of 4580 college students self-administered a Web-based survey . The survey contained a variety of items pertaining to the illicit use of prescription stimulants . An extensive list of prescription stimulants was provided , and students were asked to select all the specific prescription stimulants that they had used illicitly . Items were also included to assess the motives and routes of administration associated with illicit use of prescription stimulants . RESULTS Lifetime and past-year prevalence rates for illicit use of prescription stimulants were 8.3 % ( 382 students ) and 5.9 % ( 269 students ) , respectively . Approximately three fourths ( 75.8 % ) of the 269 past-year illicit users of prescription stimulants reported using an amphetamine-dextroamphetamine combination agent ( e.g. , Adderall ) in the past year , and approximately one fourth ( 24.5 % ) reported using methylpheni date ( e.g. , Ritalin , Concerta , Meta date , Methylin ) . Past-year illicit use of prescription stimulants was more than 3 times more likely among Caucasians ( odds ratio [ OR ] 3.1 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.5 - 6.6 ) and Hispanics ( OR 3.8 , 95 % CI 1.6 - 9.3 ) compared with African-Americans , and more than twice as likely among Caucasians ( OR 2.1 , 95 % CI 1.3 - 3.4 ) and Hispanics ( OR 2.6 , 95 % CI 1.4 - 5.1 ) compared with Asians . The most commonly reported motives for illicit use were to help with concentration ( 65.2 % ) , help study ( 59.8 % ) , and increase alertness ( 47.5 % ) . Other motives included getting high ( 31.0 % ) and experimentation ( 29.9 % ) . Nearly every illicit user ( 95.3 % ) reported oral administration , and 38.1 % reported snorting prescription stimulants . CONCLUSION Illicit use of amphetamine-dextroamphetamine is more prevalent than illicit use of methylpheni date formulations among college students
RESULTS Modafinil appears to improve reaction time ( P ≤ 0.04 ) , logical reasoning ( P ≤ 0.05 ) and problem-solving .
Across all three types of prescription stimulants , research shows improved attention with lack of consensus on whether these improvements are limited to simple versus complex tasks in varying youth population s. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity of the non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth population , the variation in cognitive task characteristics and lack of replication of studies makes assessing the potential global neurocognitive benefits of stimulants among non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth difficult ; however , some youth may derive benefit in specific cognitive domains
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increasing prescription stimulant abuse among youth without diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is of concern .
The most frequently cited motive for abuse is improved academic achievement via neurocognitive enhancement .
Our aim in review ing the literature was to identify neurocognitive effects of prescription stimulants in non-ADHD youth .