Subgroup analyses revealed that palm oil has a beneficial effect on High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when more than 30 % of total dietary energy was constituted by fat .
This review revealed that palm oil does not induce increases in cardiovascular disease risk risk-related biomarkers relative to unsaturated fatty acids .
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise association between palm oil consumption and  lipid-related cardiovascular disease risk remains unclear .
A systematic review was thus performed to assess whether palm oil consumption has a negative effect on plasma lipid-related cardiovascular disease marker levels .
Characteristics of human hypo- and hyperresponders to dietary cholesterol.
The characteristics of people whose serum cholesterol level is unusually susceptible to consumption of cholesterol were investigated . Thirty-two volunteers from the general population of Wageningen , the Netherl and s , each participated in three controlled dietary trials in 1982 . A low-cholesterol diet was fed during the first half and a high-cholesterol diet during the second half of each trial , and the change ( response ) of serum cholesterol was measured . The responses in the three trials were averaged to give each subject 's mean responsiveness . Fecal excretion of cholesterol and its metabolites were measured in the second trial , and body cholesterol synthesis was calculated . Responsiveness showed a positive correlation with serum high density lipoprotein2 ( HDL2 ) cholesterol ( r = 0.41 , p less than 0.05 ) and with serum total cholesterol level on a high-cholesterol diet ( r = 0.31 , p = 0.09 ) . A negative relation was found with habitual cholesterol consumption ( r = -0.62 , p less than 0.01 ) , with body mass index ( r = -0.50 , p less than 0.01 ) , and with the rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis ( r = -0.40 , p less than 0.05 ) , but not with the reaction of endogenous cholesterol synthesis rate to an increased intake of cholesterol . No relation was found with age , sex , total caloric needs , or the ratio of primary to secondary fecal steroids . Upon multiple regression analysis , only habitual cholesterol intake and serum total and HDL2 cholesterol levels contributed significantly to the explanation of variance in responsiveness . Thus , a low habitual cholesterol intake , a high serum HDL2 cholesterol level , or a low body weight do not make one less susceptible to dietary cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia
Subgroup analyses revealed that palm oil has a beneficial effect on High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when more than 30 % of total dietary energy was constituted by fat .
This review revealed that palm oil does not induce increases in cardiovascular disease risk risk-related biomarkers relative to unsaturated fatty acids .
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise association between palm oil consumption and  lipid-related cardiovascular disease risk remains unclear .
A systematic review was thus performed to assess whether palm oil consumption has a negative effect on plasma lipid-related cardiovascular disease marker levels .