Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .
Voice disorders in the general population: prevalence, risk factors, and occupational impact.
OBJECTIVES Epidemiologic studies of the prevalence and risk factors of voice disorders in the general adult population are rare . The purpose of this investigation was to 1 ) determine the prevalence of voice disorders , 2 ) identify variables associated with increased risk of voice disorders , and 3 ) establish the functional impact of voice disorders on the general population . STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone survey . METHODS A r and om sample ( n = 1,326 ) of adults in Iowa and Utah was interviewed using a question naire that addressed three areas related to voice disorders : prevalence , potential risk factors , and occupational consequences/effects . RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of a voice disorder was 29.9 % , with 6.6 % of participants reporting a current voice disorder . Stepwise logistic regression identified specific factors that uniquely contributed to increased odds of reporting a chronic voice disorder including sex ( women ) , age ( 40 - 59 years ) , voice use patterns and dem and s , esophageal reflux , chemical exposures , and frequent cold/sinus infections . However , tobacco or alcohol use did not independently increase the odds of reporting of a chronic voice disorder . Voice disorders adversely impacted job performance and attendance , with 4.3 % of participants indicating that their voice had limited or rendered them unable to do certain tasks in their current job . Furthermore , 7.2 % of employed respondents reported that they were absent from work 1 or more days in the past year because of their voice , and 2 % reported more than 4 days of voice-related absence . CONCLUSIONS The results of this large epidemiologic study provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of voice disorders , factors that contribute to voice disorder vulnerability , and the functional impact of voice problems on the general population
Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .