Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Reduced incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the first year after implementation of a public smoking ban in Graubuenden, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE On March 1st , 2008 a smoking ban in public buildings became effective in the Canton of Graubuenden , Switzerl and . The aim of our study was to investigate , whether implementation of this new regulation was followed by a decrease in the incidence of acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS The Kantonsspital Graubuenden serves as a tertiary care hospital , possessing the only cardiac catheterization laboratory in the Canton of Graubuenden . Based on an excellent functioning network including all hospitals in the Canton of Graubuenden , virtually all patients experiencing an AMI in the Canton of Graubuenden are transferred to our hospital for either acute or early coronary angiography . Data of all patients with AMI undergoing coronary angiography at our hospital between March 1st , 2008 and February 28th , 2009 were collected prospect ively . The data were then compared with those of the two corresponding 12-month periods preceding implementation of the public smoking ban . RESULTS In the two years before adoption of smoke-free legislation , the number of patients with AMI was 229 and 242 , respectively ( p = ns ) . In the 12 months after implementation of the public smoking ban , the number of AMI patients dropped to 183 ( p < 0.05 vs. each of the previous 12-month periods ) , representing an overall 22 % reduction in the AMI incidence within the first year after enactment of the new regulation . This reduction was driven by a significant decrease in the AMI incidence in men , nonsmokers , and individuals with established coronary artery disease , including those with prior AMI or prior percutaneous coronary intervention . CONCLUSIONS Similar to other countries in Europe and various regions of the USA and Canada , implementation of a public smoking ban was followed by a significant early decline in the incidence of AMI in the Canton of Graubuenden , Switzerl and
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .