In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Inhibition of bone turnover by milk intake in postmenopausal women.
Increased postmenopausal bone turnover leads to bone loss and fragility fracture risk . In the absence of osteoporosis , risk preventive measures , particularly those modifying nutritional lifestyle , are appropriate . We tested the hypothesis that milk supplementation affects bone turnover related to biochemical markers in a direction that , in the long term , may be expected to reduce  postmenopausal bone loss .  Thirty healthy postmenopausal women aged 59.3 ( SD 3.3 ) years were enrolled in a prospect i ve crossover trial of 16 weeks . After a 4-week period of adaptation with diet providing 600 mg calcium plus 300 mg ingested as 250 ml semi-skimmed milk , participants were maintained during 6 weeks under the same 600 mg calcium diet and r and omized to receive either 500 ml semi-skimmed milk , thus providing a total of 1200 mg calcium , or no milk supplement . In the next 6 weeks they were switched to the alternative regimen . At the end of the each period , i.e. after 4 , 10 and 16 weeks , blood and urinary sample s were collected . The changes in blood variables between the periods of 6 weeks without and with milk supplementation were : for parathyroid hormone , -3.2 pg/ml ( P=0.0054 ) ; for crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen , -624 pg/ml ( P<0.0001 ) ; for propeptide of type I procollagen , -5.5 ng/ml ( P=0.0092 ) ; for osteocalcin , -2.8 ng/ml ( P=0.0014 ) . In conclusion , a 6-week period of milk supplementation induced a decrease in several biochemical variables compatible with diminished bone turnover mediated by reduction in parathyroid hormone secretion . This nutritional approach to postmenopausal alteration in bone metabolism may be a valuable measure in the primary prevention of osteoporosis
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .