Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Implications of a public smoking ban.
OBJECTIVES Legislation to ban smoking in public places is currently a major area of interest across Canada . The main objectives of the study were to 1 ) determine the effect of the smoking ban on incidence of acute myocardial infa rct ion , 2 ) determine if the new legislation altered population -based smoking prevalence , and 3 ) measure public support for the public smoking ban . METHODS The city of Saskatoon initiated a public smoking ban on July 1 , 2004 . We retrospectively review ed all hospital discharges for acute MI from July 2000 to June 2005 . We review ed CCHS survey information on smoking prevalence for Saskatoon , Saskatchewan and Canada from 2003 to 2005 . We prospect ively contacted 1,255 Saskatoon residents by telephone to determine support for the public smoking ban . RESULTS The age-st and ardized incidence rate of acute MI fell from 176.1 ( 95 % CI 165.3 - 186.8 ) cases per 100,000 population ( July 1 , 2000 to June 30 , 2004 ) to 152.4 ( 95 % CI 135.3 - 169.3 ) cases per 100,000 population ( July 1 , 2004 to June 30 , 2005 ) . Smoking prevalence in Saskatoon fell from 24.1 % in 2003 ( 95 % CI 20.4 - 27.7 ) to 18.2 % in 2005 ( 95 % CI 15.7 - 20.9 ) while smoking prevalence in Saskatchewan remained unchanged at 23.8 % ( 95 % CI 22.6 - 25.3 ) and Canada reduced from 22.9 % ( 95 % CI 22.5 - 23.3 ) to 21.3 % ( 95 % CI 20.8 - 21.8 ) . Seventy-nine percent of Saskatoon residents believed the smoking ban was a good idea . INTERPRETATION The public smoking ban in Saskatoon , Canada , is associated with reduced incidence rates of acute MI , lower smoking prevalence and high levels of public support
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .