Serious adverse events attributable to vitamin D supplementation were rare across all studies .
On the basis of studies review ed to date , the strongest evidence supports further research into adjunctive vitamin D therapy for tuberculosis , influenza , and viral upper respiratory tract illnesses .
OBJECTIVE To review the existing human controlled intervention studies of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in setting s of infection and provide recommendations for design and implementation of future studies in this field on the basis of the evidence review ed .
A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis.
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis ( TB ) often coincides with nutritional deficiencies . The effects of micronutrient supplementation on TB treatment outcomes , clinical complications , and mortality are uncertain . METHODS We conducted a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of micronutrients ( vitamins A , B complex , C , and E , as well as selenium ) in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania . We enrolled 471 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 416 HIV-negative adults with pulmonary TB at the time of initiating chemotherapy and monitored them for a median of 43 months . RESULTS Micronutrients decreased the risk ofTB recurrence by 45 % overall ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 7 % to 67 % ; P = .02 ) and by 63 % in HIV-infected patients ( 95 % CI , 8 % to 85 % ; P = .02 ) . There were no significant effects on mortality overall ; however , we noted a marginally significant 64 % reduction of deaths in HIV-negative subjects ( 95 % CI , -14 % to 88 % ; P = .08 ) . Supplementation increased CD3 + and CD4 + cell counts and decreased the incidence of extrapulmonary TB and genital ulcers in HIV-negative patients . Micronutrients reduced the incidence of peripheral neuropathy by 57 % ( 95 % CI , 41 % to 69 % ; P < .001 ) , irrespective of HIV status . There were no significant effects on weight gain , body composition , anemia , or HIV load . CONCLUSIONS Micronutrient supplementation could improve the outcome in patients undergoing TB chemotherapy in Tanzania
Serious adverse events attributable to vitamin D supplementation were rare across all studies .
On the basis of studies review ed to date , the strongest evidence supports further research into adjunctive vitamin D therapy for tuberculosis , influenza , and viral upper respiratory tract illnesses .
OBJECTIVE To review the existing human controlled intervention studies of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in setting s of infection and provide recommendations for design and implementation of future studies in this field on the basis of the evidence review ed .