Despite limitations in these data , our NMA findings are in line with existing evidence on the metabolic effects of fat and support current recommendations to replace high saturated-fat food with unsaturated oils
The aim of this network meta- analysis ( NMA ) is to compare the effects of different oils/solid fats on blood lipids .
Stearic acid-rich interesterified fat and trans-rich fat raise the LDL/HDL ratio and plasma glucose relative to palm olein in humans
Background Dietary trans-rich and interesterified fats were compared to an unmodified saturated fat for their relative impact on blood lipids and plasma glucose . Each fat had melting characteristics , plasticity and solids fat content suitable for use as hardstock in margarine and other solid fat formulations . Methods Thirty human volunteers were fed complete , whole food diets during 4 wk periods , where total fat ( ~31 % daily energy , > 70 % from the test fats ) and fatty acid composition were tightly controlled . A crossover design was used with 3 r and omly-assigned diet rotations and repeated- measures analysis . One test fat rotation was based on palm olein ( POL ) and provided 12.0 percent of energy ( % en ) as palmitic acid ( 16:0 ) ; a second contained trans-rich partially hydrogenated soybean oil ( PHSO ) and provided 3.2 % en as trans fatty acids plus 6.5 % en as 16:0 , while the third used an interesterified fat ( IE ) and provided 12.5 % en as stearic acid ( 18:0 ) . After 4 wk the plasma lipoproteins , fatty acid profile , as well as fasting glucose and insulin were assessed . In addition , after 2 wk into each period an 8 h postpr and ial challenge was initiated in a subset of 19 subjects who consumed a meal containing 53 g of test fat . Results After 4 wk , both PHSO and IE fats significantly elevated both the LDL/HDL ratio and fasting blood glucose , the latter almost 20 % in the IE group relative to POL . Fasting 4 wk insulin was 10 % lower after PHSO ( p > 0.05 ) and 22 % lower after IE ( p < 0.001 ) compared to POL . For the postpr and ial study the glucose incremental area under the curve ( IAUC ) following the IE meal was 40 % greater than after either other meal ( p < 0.001 ) , and was linked to relatively depressed insulin and C-peptide ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusion Both PHSO and IE fats altered the metabolism of lipoproteins and glucose relative to an unmodified saturated fat when fed to humans under identical circumstances
Despite limitations in these data , our NMA findings are in line with existing evidence on the metabolic effects of fat and support current recommendations to replace high saturated-fat food with unsaturated oils
The aim of this network meta- analysis ( NMA ) is to compare the effects of different oils/solid fats on blood lipids .