Among secondary endpoints , a significant reduction of maternal insulin ( both in women with or without diabetes ) was observed in the probiotics group .
INTERPRETATION Probiotics during pregnancy do not reduce the incidence of GDM , with a very little ( statistically but not clinical ly significant ) reduction of fasting plasma glucose
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to evaluate the effect of  probiotics in pregnancy on the  incidence of gestational diabetes ( GDM ) and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) .
Probiotics and dietary counselling contribute to glucose regulation during and after pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial.
Balanced glucose metabolism ensures optimal fetal growth with long-term health implication s conferred on both mother and child . We examined whether supplementation of probiotics with dietary counselling affects glucose metabolism in normoglycaemic pregnant women . At the first trimester of pregnancy 256 women were r and omised to receive nutrition counselling to modify dietary intake according to current recommendations or as controls ; the dietary intervention group was further r and omised to receive probiotics ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 ; diet/probiotics ) or placebo ( diet/placebo ) in a double-blind manner , whilst the control group received placebo ( control/placebo ) . Blood glucose concentrations were lowest in the diet/probiotics group during pregnancy ( baseline-adjusted means 4.45 , 4.60 and 4.56 mmol/l in diet/probiotics , diet/placebo and control/placebo , respectively ; P = 0.025 ) and over the 12 months ' postpartum period ( baseline-adjusted means 4.87 , 5.01 and 5.02 mmol/l ; P = 0.025 ) . Better glucose tolerance in the diet/probiotics group was confirmed by a reduced risk of elevated glucose concentration compared with the control/placebo group ( OR 0.31 ( 95 % CI 0.12 , 0.78 ) ; P = 0.013 ) as well as by the lowest insulin concentration ( adjusted means 7.55 , 9.32 and 9.27 mU/l ; P = 0.032 ) and homeostasis model assessment ( adjusted means 1.49 , 1.90 and 1.88 ; P = 0.028 ) and the highest quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( adjusted means 0.37 , 0.35 and 0.35 ; P = 0.028 ) during the last trimester of pregnancy . The effects observed extended over the 12-month postpartum period . The present study demonstrated that improved blood glucose control can be achieved by dietary counselling with probiotics even in a normoglycaemic population and thus may provide potential novel means for the prophylactic and therapeutic management of glucose disorders
Among secondary endpoints , a significant reduction of maternal insulin ( both in women with or without diabetes ) was observed in the probiotics group .
INTERPRETATION Probiotics during pregnancy do not reduce the incidence of GDM , with a very little ( statistically but not clinical ly significant ) reduction of fasting plasma glucose
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to evaluate the effect of  probiotics in pregnancy on the  incidence of gestational diabetes ( GDM ) and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) .