In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Dietary factors and the incidence of cancer of the urinary bladder.
A case-control study of diet and bladder cancer was conducted during 1979 - 1982 in Edmonton , Calgary , Toronto , and Kingston , Canada . A total of 826 histologically verified cancer cases were individually matched by age , sex , and area of residence to 792 r and omly selected population controls . Subjects were interviewed concerning their histories of exposure to a number of dietary factors , including table-top artificial sweeteners , low calorie foods and drinks , beverages containing caffeine or ethanol , and certain other food items . Also , subjects provided information on their past medical , occupational , and residential histories , in addition to their exposures to tobacco and other life-style factors . For the analysis , conditional logistic regression methods were used . Under adjustment for cumulative lifetime amount of cigarette smoking , the dietary factors , with little exception , were not associated with significant alteration of risk for bladder cancer . In particular , ever regular use of artificial sweeteners did not appear to be associated with increased risk , either among men ( odds ratio = 0.95 , p = 0.70 ) or among women ( odds ratio = 1.15 , p = 0.53 ) . However , daily intake of cholesterol , calculated from reported frequencies of consumption of nine relevant food items , suggested a mild increase in risk ; the odds ratio estimate of trend was 1.07/100 mg average daily intake ( i.e. , 1.07(5.5 ) = 1.45 for 550 mg cholesterol per day , as might be consumed in one egg ; p = 0.009 ) . A history of diabetes mellitus of onset after age 20 years also seemed to be associated with increased risk of bladder cancer ( odds ratio = 1.65 , p = 0.019 ) , but this increase did not appear to be the result of use of insulin or other medications , or use of artificial sweeteners or low calorie foods . Thus , this study tends to confirm reports of a lack of association between use of artificial sweeteners and subsequent risk of bladder cancer
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .