: Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of LOS in preterm infants
CONTEXT : Late-onset sepsis ( LOS ) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants .
Despite various preventive measures , its incidence continues to remain high , hence the urgent need for additional approaches .
One such potential strategy is supplementation with probiotics .
Currently there are > 30 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of probiotics in preterm infants that have reported on LOS .
Neonatal sepsis 2004-2013: the rise and fall of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
OBJECTIVES To evaluate data for the period 2004 - 2013 to identify changes in demographics , pathogens , and outcomes in a single , level IV neonatal intensive care unit . STUDY DESIGN Sepsis episodes were identified prospect ively and additional information obtained retrospectively from infants with sepsis while in the neonatal intensive care unit from 2004 to 2013 .  Demographics , hospital course , and outcome data were collected and analyzed . Sepsis was categorized as early ( ≤3 days of life ) or late-onset ( > 3 days of life ) . RESULTS Four hundred fifty-two organisms were identified from 410 episodes of sepsis in 340 infants . Ninety percent of cases were late-onset . Rates of early-onset sepsis remained relatively static throughout the study period ( 0.9 per 1000 live births ) . For the first time in decades , most ( 60 % ) infants with early-onset sepsis were very low birth weight and Escherichia coli ( 45 % ) replaced group B streptococcus ( 36 % ) as the most common organism associated with early-onset sepsis . Rates of late-onset sepsis , particularly due to coagulase-negative staphylococci , decreased significantly after implementation of several infection-prevention initiatives . Coagulase-negative staphylococci were responsible for 31 % of all cases from 2004 to 2009 but accounted for no cases of late-onset sepsis after 2011 . CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology and microbiology of early- and late-onset sepsis continue to change , impacted by targeted infection prevention efforts . We believe the decrease in sepsis indicates that these interventions have been successful , but additional surveillance and strategies based on evolving trends are necessary
: Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of LOS in preterm infants
CONTEXT : Late-onset sepsis ( LOS ) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants .
Despite various preventive measures , its incidence continues to remain high , hence the urgent need for additional approaches .
One such potential strategy is supplementation with probiotics .
Currently there are > 30 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of probiotics in preterm infants that have reported on LOS .