In general , when given alongside gestational weight gain advice , fasting glucose improved in most diets compared to diets that gave gestational weight gain advice only .
However , fasting glucose increased in high unsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids diets .
In the absence of gestational weight gain advice , fasting glucose improved in DASH-style diets compared to st and ard of care .
Although most were non-significant , similar trends were observed for these same diets for the other glycemic outcomes .
/INTERPRETATION Alongside with gestational weight gain advice , most diets , with the exception of a high unsaturated or a high monounsaturated fatty acid diet , demonstrated a fasting glucose improvement compared with gestational weight gain advice only .
When gestational weight gain advice was not given , the DASH-style diet appeared optimal on fasting glucose .
However , a small number of trials were identified and most dietary comparisons were underpowered to detect differences in glycemic outcomes .
AIMS Evidence to support dietary modifications to improve glycemia during pregnancy is limited , and the benefits of diet beyond limiting gestational weight gain is unclear .
Therefore , a systematic review and network meta- analysis of r and omized trials was conducted to compare the effects of various common diets , stratified by the addition of gestational weight gain advice , on fasting glucose and insulin , hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) in pregnant women .
Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher–Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study
OBJECTIVE Diet therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) has focused on carbohydrate restriction but is poorly substantiated . In this pilot r and omized clinical trial , we challenged the conventional low-carbohydrate/higher-fat ( LC/CONV ) diet , hypothesizing that a higher – complex carbohydrate/lower-fat ( CHOICE ) diet would improve  maternal insulin resistance ( IR ) , adipose tissue ( AT ) lipolysis , and infant adiposity . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At 31 weeks , 12 diet-controlled overweight/obese women with GDM were r and omized to an isocaloric LC/CONV ( 40 % carbohydrate/45 % fat/15 % protein ; n = 6 ) or CHOICE ( 60%/25%/15 % ; n = 6 ) diet . All meals were provided . AT was biopsied at 37 weeks . RESULTS After ∼7 weeks , fasting glucose ( P = 0.03 ) and free fatty acids ( P = 0.06 ) decreased on CHOICE , whereas fasting glucose increased on LC/CONV ( P = 0.03 ) . Insulin suppression of AT lipolysis was improved on CHOICE versus LC/CONV ( 56 vs. 31 % , P = 0.005 ) , consistent with improved IR . AT expression of multiple proinflammatory genes was lower on CHOICE ( P < 0.01 ) . Infant adiposity trended lower with CHOICE ( 10.1 ± 1.4 vs. 12.6 ± 2 % , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS A CHOICE diet may  improve maternal IR and infant adiposity  , challenging recommendations for a LC/CONV diet
In general , when given alongside gestational weight gain advice , fasting glucose improved in most diets compared to diets that gave gestational weight gain advice only .
However , fasting glucose increased in high unsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids diets .
In the absence of gestational weight gain advice , fasting glucose improved in DASH-style diets compared to st and ard of care .
Although most were non-significant , similar trends were observed for these same diets for the other glycemic outcomes .
/INTERPRETATION Alongside with gestational weight gain advice , most diets , with the exception of a high unsaturated or a high monounsaturated fatty acid diet , demonstrated a fasting glucose improvement compared with gestational weight gain advice only .
When gestational weight gain advice was not given , the DASH-style diet appeared optimal on fasting glucose .
However , a small number of trials were identified and most dietary comparisons were underpowered to detect differences in glycemic outcomes .
AIMS Evidence to support dietary modifications to improve glycemia during pregnancy is limited , and the benefits of diet beyond limiting gestational weight gain is unclear .
Therefore , a systematic review and network meta- analysis of r and omized trials was conducted to compare the effects of various common diets , stratified by the addition of gestational weight gain advice , on fasting glucose and insulin , hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) in pregnant women .