Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Failure of exercise to reduce blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. Results of a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE --To assess the effects of physical exercise training on blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension . DESIGN --R and omized controlled trial . SETTING --Hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation program . PATIENTS --Ninety-nine men and women with untreated mild hypertension ( systolic blood pressure , 140 to 180 mm Hg ; diastolic blood pressure , 90 to 105 mm Hg ) were included in the volunteer sample . INTERVENTIONS --Subjects were r and omly assigned to a 4-month program of aerobic exercise training , strength and flexibility training , or to a waiting list control group . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES --The main outcome measures were systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured four times with a r and om zero sphygmomanometer on 3 separate days in a clinic setting . RESULTS --After 4 months of exercise training , subjects in the aerobic exercise group did not exhibit greater reductions in blood pressure than subjects in the control group . We expected a differential decline of 5 mm Hg between the aerobic exercise and waiting list control groups and found a difference of -1.0 + /- 16 mm Hg and -1.2 + /- 10 mm Hg at alpha = .05 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure , respectively . CONCLUSIONS --Moderate aerobic exercise alone should not be considered a replacement for pharmacologic therapy in nonobese patients with mild hypertension
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .