Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .
Pain in 4- to 6-year-old children receiving intramuscular injections: a comparison of the Faces Pain Scale with other self-report and behavioral measures.
OBJECTIVE The main objective was to compare the utility of the Faces Pain Scale  ( Bieri et al. , 1990 ) with three alternative self-report measures of pain intensity in children , as well as with pain ratings based on observations of the child 's behavior . DESIGN Fifty children used 4 self-report scales to rate the severity of needle pain from routine immunization . Using videotapes , the child 's pain-related behavior was coded in detailed fashion , and a subset of the sample were also rated globally by 60 registered pediatric nurses . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES  Faces Pain Scale ; Poker Chip Tool ; Visual Analogue Toy ; Verbal Rating Scale ;  behavioral checklist ( scoring observable facial , motor , verbal and vocal reactions ) . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The  Faces Pain Scale  was simple to use , readily understood by the children , and showed a realistic distribution of scores with respect to the type of pain being measured . With the exception of verbal reactions ( which were not meaningfully related to self-report ) , observer ratings based on detailed coding of the child 's behavior correlated only poorly to moderately well with self-report scores ( r = .39 to r = .58 ) . Similarly , although confident in their judgments , the nurses ' ratings showed only moderate agreement with those of the children . In estimating the child 's pain , all observers appeared to appropriately weigh changes in the child 's facial behavior , which showed evidence of being the most sensitive behavioral index to the intensity of short sharp ( needle ) pain in 4 to 6 years olds
Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .