No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .
Effects of Walnut Consumption on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of daily walnut consumption on endothelial function , cardiovascular biomarkers , and anthropometric measures in type 2 diabetic individuals . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was a r and omized , controlled , single-blind , crossover trial . Twenty-four participants with type 2 diabetes ( mean age 58 years ; 14 women and 10 men ) were r and omly assigned to one of the two possible sequence permutations to receive an ad libitum diet enriched with 56 g ( 366 kcal ) walnuts/day and an ad libitum diet without walnuts for 8 weeks . Subjects underwent endothelial function testing ( measured as flow-mediated dilatation [ FMD ] ) and assessment of cardiovascular biomarkers before and after each 8-week treatment phase . The primary outcome measure was the change in FMD after 8 weeks . Secondary outcome measures included changes in plasma lipids , A1C , fasting glucose , insulin sensitivity , and anthropometric measures . RESULTS Endothelial function significantly improved after consumption of a walnut-enriched ad libitum diet compared with that after consumption of an ad libitum diet without walnuts ( 2.2 ± 1.7 vs. 1.2 ± 1.6 % ; P = 0.04 ) . The walnut-enriched diet increased fasting serum glucose and lowered serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol from baseline ( 10.0 ± 20.5 mg/dl , P = 0.04 ; −9.7 ± 14.5 mg/dl , P < 0.01 ; and −7.7 ± 10 mg/dl , P < 0.01 , respectively ) , although these changes were not significant compared with those for an ad libitum diet without walnuts . There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures , plasma A1C , and insulin sensitivity . CONCLUSIONS A walnut-enriched ad libitum diet improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in type 2 diabetic individuals , suggesting a potential reduction in overall cardiac risk
No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .