Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Fruit and vegetable intake among urban community gardeners.
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between household participation in a community garden and fruit and vegetable consumption  among urban adults . DESIGN Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional r and om phone survey conducted in 2003 . A quota sampling strategy was used to ensure that all census tracts within the city were represented . SETTING Flint , Michigan . PARTICIPANTS 766 adults . VARIABLES MEASURED Fruit and vegetable intake was measured using question naire items from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System . Household participation in a community garden  was assessed by asking the respondent if he or she , or any member of the household , had participated in a community garden project in the last year . ANALYSIS Generalized linear models and logistic regression models assessed the association between household participation in a community garden and fruit and vegetable intake , controlling for demographic , neighborhood participation , and health variables . RESULTS Adults with a household member who participated in a community garden  consumed fruits and vegetables 1.4 more times per day than those who did not participate , and they were 3.5 times more likely to consume fruits and vegetables at least 5 times daily . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION S Household participation in a community garden may improve fruit and vegetable intake among urban adults
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .