In general , markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns , showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis .
Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified , suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ' cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers ' .
Non-cholesterol sterols are vali date d biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis .
However , their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematic ally explored .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders .
Lipid-lowering effects of ezetimibe for hypercholesterolemic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
To date , there are very few clinical reports that have compared the effects of ezetimibe on lipid parameters between hypercholesterolemic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . In this study , we recruited patients for hypercholesterolemic groups with T2DM ( n = 42 ; men/women = 24/18 ; HbA1c = 6.7 ± 5.4 % ) and without T2DM ( n = 21 ; men/women = 7/14 ; HbA1c = 5.3 ± 0.4 % ) . Patients were prescribed ezetimibe at a dose of 10 mg/daily for the course of the 12-week study . At baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment , several lipid parameters , including serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ( non-HDL-C ) , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , and cholesterol synthesis /absorption-related markers , were measured . Compared with those at the baseline , the levels of LDL-C , non-HDL-C , campesterol , and sitosterol were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of ezetimibe treatment in both groups . After adjusting for confounding factors , such as age , gender , smoking , and BMI , the levels of LDL-C and non-HDL-C displayed significantly greater reductions in the patients with T2DM ( -25.1 ± 13.6 % in LDL-C , -20.5 ± 11.2 % in non-HDL-C ) than those without T2DM ( -20.5 ± 7.8 % in LDL-C , P < 0.05 ; -17.4 ± 7.6 % in non-HDL-C , P < 0.05 ) . The reduction of the level of cholestanol was significantly and positively correlated with those of LDL-C and non-HDL-C in the patients with T2DM . Taken together , these findings indicate that ezetimibe could reduce the levels of atherogenic lipoproteins to a greater extent in hypercholesterolemic patients with T2DM than in those without T2DM
In general , markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns , showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis .
Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified , suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ' cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers ' .
Non-cholesterol sterols are vali date d biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis .
However , their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematic ally explored .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders .