Limited evidence was also found for a causal relationship between  computer work per se and computer mouse time related to tension neck syndrome , but the evidence for keyboard time was insufficient .
Insufficient evidence was found for an association between other musculoskeletal diagnoses of the neck and upper extremities , including shoulder tendonitis and epicondylitis , and any aspect of computer work .
Conclusions There is limited epidemiological evidence for an association between aspects of computer work and some of the clinical diagnoses studied .
Background This review examines the evidence for an association between  computer work and neck and upper extremity disorders ( except carpal tunnel syndrome ) .
The Southampton examination schedule for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb
OBJECTIVES Following a consensus statement from a multidisciplinary UK workshop , a structured examination schedule was developed for the diagnosis and classification of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb . The aim of this study was to test the repeatability and the validity of the newly developed schedule in a hospital setting . METHOD 43 consecutive referrals to a soft tissue rheumatism clinic ( group 1 ) and 45 subjects with one of a list of specific upper limb disorders ( including shoulder capsulitis , rotator cuff tendinitis , lateral epicondylitis and tenosynovitis ) ( group 2 ) , were recruited from hospital rheumatology and orthopaedic outpatient clinics . All 88 subjects were examined by a research nurse ( blinded to diagnosis ) , and everyone from group 1 was independently examined by a rheumatologist . Between observer agreement was assessed among subjects from group 1 by calculating Cohen 's κ for dichotomous physical signs , and mean differences with limits of agreement for measured ranges of joint movement . To assess the validity of the examination , a pre-defined algorithm was applied to the nurse 's examination findings in patients from both groups , and the sensitivity and specificity of the derived diagnoses were determined in comparison with the clinic 's independent diagnosis as the reference st and ard . RESULTS The between observer repeatability of physical signs varied from good to excellent , with κ coefficients of 0.66 to 1.00 for most categorical observations , and mean absolute differences of 1.4 ° –11.9 ° for measurements of shoulder movement . The sensitivity of the schedule in comparison with the reference st and ard varied between diagnoses from 58%–100 % , while the specificities ranged from 84%–100 % . The nurse and the clinic physician generally agreed in their diagnoses , but in the presence of shoulder capsulitis the nurse usually also diagnosed shoulder tendinitis , whereas the clinic physician did not . CONCLUSION The new examination protocol is repeatable and gives acceptable diagnostic accuracy in a hospital setting . Examination can feasibly be delegated to a trained nurse , and the protocol has the benefit of face and construct validity as well as consensus backing . Its performance in the community , where disease is less clear cut , merits separate evaluation , and further refinement is needed to discriminate between discrete pathologies at the shoulder
Limited evidence was also found for a causal relationship between  computer work per se and computer mouse time related to tension neck syndrome , but the evidence for keyboard time was insufficient .
Insufficient evidence was found for an association between other musculoskeletal diagnoses of the neck and upper extremities , including shoulder tendonitis and epicondylitis , and any aspect of computer work .
Conclusions There is limited epidemiological evidence for an association between aspects of computer work and some of the clinical diagnoses studied .
Background This review examines the evidence for an association between  computer work and neck and upper extremity disorders ( except carpal tunnel syndrome ) .