No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .
Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids but not Saturated Fatty Acids Preserve the Insulin Signaling Pathway via IRS-1/PI3K in Rat Skeletal Muscle
Saturated fatty acids ( SFA ) and monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA ) show different effects on the development of insulin resistance . In this study , we compared the effect of dietary SFA and MUFA on the insulin signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of a type 2 diabetic animal model . Twenty-nine-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty ( OLETF ) rats were r and omly divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets for 3 weeks ; a normal chow diet , an SFA ( lard oil ) enriched or a MUFA ( olive oil ) enriched high-fat diet . The vastus lateralis muscle was used for analyses . Insulin tolerance test showed improved insulin sensitivity in rats fed the MUFA diet , as compared to those fed the SFA diet ( p < 0.001 ) . The SFA diet reduced IRS-1 expression and phosphorylated PI3 K levels in skeletal muscle , as compared with a chow diet ( p < 0.001 , respectively ) . On the contrary , muscle IRS-2 expression and phosphorylated ERK1/2 was significantly increased in rats fed the SFA diet ( p < 0.001 , respectively ) . Membrane translocation of glucose transporter type 4 decreased in the skeletal muscle of rats fed the SFA diet , as compared to those fed a chow diet ( p < 0.001 ) . These changes in insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle were not observed in rats fed the MUFA diet . In conclusion , the beneficial effect of dietary MUFA on insulin sensitivity is associated with a conserved IRS-1/PI3 K insulin signaling pathway which was altered by dietary SFA
No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .