68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
Outcomes of patients discharged from pharmacy-managed cardiovascular disease management.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) discharged from the Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service ( CPCRS )  would maintain their lipid goals with use of an electronic laboratory reminder system . STUDY DESIGN A 2-year , r and omized study at Kaiser Permanente Colorado . METHODS Patients with prior CAD ( acute myocardial infa rct ion , coronary artery bypass graft surgery , percutaneous coronary intervention ) who had been enrolled in the CPCRS for at least 1 year and who had 2 consecutive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and blood pressure readings at goal within 6 months before enrollment were r and omized to remain in the CPCRS ( CPCRS care ) or to receive usual care from primary care physicians plus laboratory reminder letters ( usual care ) . The primary outcome was maintenance of LDL-C goal at study end . The t test and chi(2 ) test of association were used to assess differences in mean and categorical values , respectively . RESULTS A total of 421 patients ( 214 CPCRS care , 207 usual care ) were r and omized . Their mean age was 72 years ; 74 % were male . After 1.7 years of follow-up , the proportions of patients maintaining their LDL-C goal of < 100 mg/dL were 91 % and 93.1 % in the CPCRS care and usual care groups , respectively ( P = .46 ) . The proportions maintaining their LDL-C goal of < 70 mg/dL were 68.6 % and 56.8 % in the CPCRS care and usual care groups , respectively ( P = .23 ) . CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that LDL-C measures can remain controlled in most patients discharged from a cardiac disease management program
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .