The key features of the program include ; having trained personnel coordinate the RTW process , identifying and ranking barriers and solutions to RTW from the perspective of all important stakeholders , mediating practical solutions at the workplace and , empowering the injured worker in RTW decision-making .
Background Despite over 2 decades of research , the ability to prevent  work-related low back pain ( LBP ) and disability  remains elusive .
Recent research suggests that interventions that are focused at the workplace and incorporate the principals of participatory ergonomics and return-to-work ( RTW ) coordination can improve RTW and reduce disability following a work-related back injury .
Workplace interventions or programs to improve RTW  are difficult to design and implement given the various individuals and environments involved , each with their own unique circumstances .
Intervention mapping provides a framework for design ing and implementing complex interventions or programs .
The objective of this study is to design a best evidence RTW program for occupational LBP tailored to the Ontario setting using an intervention mapping approach .
Passive coping is a risk factor for disabling neck or low back pain
& NA ; Background : Despite evidence suggesting that coping is an important concept in the study of pain , its role in predicting the development of disabling pain has not been previously studied . To assess the relationship between coping and the development of disabling pain . Methods : From a r and om sample of adults , we formed a cohort of individuals with non‐disabling neck and /or low back pain ( n=571 ) . Participants were followed 6 and 12 months after the index survey .  Coping  was measured with the V and erbilt Pain Management Inventory . The Chronic Pain Question naire was used to measure the presence of disabling neck and /or low back pain . We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to investigate the role of passive coping in the development of disabling pain while controlling for confounders . Results : Passive coping was a strong , independent risk factor for disabling neck and /or back pain . Those using moderate to high levels of passive coping strategies were at an over five‐fold increased risk of developing disabling pain ( Moderate : HRR=5.19 , 95 % CI=1.78–15.1 ; High : HRR=6.80 , 95 % CI=2.36–19.6 ) . Active coping was not found to be a significant risk factor for disabling neck and /or back pain . Conclusion : Passive coping is a strong and independent predictor of disabling neck and /or back pain . This strong relationship identifies passive coping as a marker for risk of disability and can allow for the identification of individuals at risk and in need of intervention to aid in improving their overall adjustment
The key features of the program include ; having trained personnel coordinate the RTW process , identifying and ranking barriers and solutions to RTW from the perspective of all important stakeholders , mediating practical solutions at the workplace and , empowering the injured worker in RTW decision-making .
Background Despite over 2 decades of research , the ability to prevent  work-related low back pain ( LBP ) and disability  remains elusive .
Recent research suggests that interventions that are focused at the workplace and incorporate the principals of participatory ergonomics and return-to-work ( RTW ) coordination can improve RTW and reduce disability following a work-related back injury .
Workplace interventions or programs to improve RTW  are difficult to design and implement given the various individuals and environments involved , each with their own unique circumstances .
Intervention mapping provides a framework for design ing and implementing complex interventions or programs .
The objective of this study is to design a best evidence RTW program for occupational LBP tailored to the Ontario setting using an intervention mapping approach .