Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid , monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) , and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) showed significantly higher TC , LDL cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , HDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein A-I , whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid .
Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B , triacylglycerols , and TC/HDL cholesterol .
Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol , when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs , were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat .
Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats , whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids .
BACKGROUND Palm oil ( PO ) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
Replacement of partially hydrogenated soybean oil by palm oil in margarine without unfavorable effects on serum lipoproteins
We have compared the effects of three different margarines , one based on palm oil ( PALM-margarine ) , one based on partially hydrogenated soybean oil ( TRANS-margarine ) and one with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA-margarine ) , on serum lipids in 27 young women . The main purpose of the study was to test if replacement of trans fatty acids in margarine by palmitic acid results in unfavorable effects on serum lipids . The sum of saturated fatty acids ( 12∶0 , 14∶0 , 16∶0 ) was 36.3 % of total fatty acids in the PALM-diet , the same as the sum of saturated ( 12∶0 , 14∶0 , 16∶0 ) ( 12.5 % ) and trans ( 23.1 % ) fatty acids in the TRANS-diet . This sum was 20.7 % in the PUFA-diet . The content of oleic acid was 37.9 , 35.2 , and 38.6 % , respectively , in the three diets , whereas linoleic acid amounted to 16 , 13.5 , and 27.3 % , respectively . Total fat provided 30–31 % and the test margarines 26 % of total energy in all three diets . The subjects consumed each of the diets for 17 d in a Latin-square crossover design . There were no significant differences in total cholesterol , low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B ( apoB ) between the TRANS- and the PALM-diets . High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apoA-I were significantly higher on the PALM-diet compared to the TRANS-diet whereas the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol was lower , although not significantly ( P=0.077 ) on the PALM-diet . Total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol , and apoB were significantly lower on the PUFA-diet compared to the two other diets . HDL-cholesterol was not different on the PALM- and the PUFA-diets but it was significantly lower on the TRANS-diet compared to the PUFA diet . Compared to the PUFA-diet  the ratio of LDL-to HDL-cholesterol was higher on both the PALM- and the TRANS-diets whereas apoA-I was not different . Triglycerides and lipoprotein ( a ) were not significantly different among the three diets . We concluded that nutritionally , palmitic acid from palm oil may be a reasonable alternative to trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated soybean oil in margarine if the aim is to avoid trans fatty acids . A palm oil-based margarine is , however , less favorable than one based on a more polyunsaturated vegetable oil
Comparison of PO diets with diets rich in stearic acid , monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) , and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) showed significantly higher TC , LDL cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , HDL cholesterol , and apolipoprotein A-I , whereas most of the same biomarkers were significantly lower when compared with diets rich in myristic/lauric acid .
Comparison of PO-rich diets with diets rich in trans fatty acids showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly lower apolipoprotein B , triacylglycerols , and TC/HDL cholesterol .
Stratified and meta-regression analyses showed that the higher concentrations of TC and LDL cholesterol , when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs , were not significant in young people and in subjects with diets with a lower percentage of energy from fat .
Both favorable and unfavorable changes in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats , whereas only favorable changes occurred when PO was substituted for trans fatty acids .
BACKGROUND Palm oil ( PO ) may be an unhealthy fat because of its high saturated fatty acid content .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of substituting PO for other primary dietary fats on blood lipid-related markers of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .