Controlled trials on infant neurodevelopment were lacking ; gestational iodine supplementation reduced maternal thyroid volume and serum thyroglobulin and in some studies prevented a rise in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone .
Iodine supplementation improves some maternal thyroid indices and may benefit aspects of cognitive function in school-age children , even in marginally iodine-deficient areas .
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognised , the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are uncertain .
OBJECTIVES We undertook a systematic review of the impact of iodine supplementation in population s with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency .
Mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt modestly improves iodine status in schoolchildren.
Iodine deficiency has re-emerged in many parts of the world including the UK , Australia and New Zeal and ( NZ ) . In 2009 , the NZ government introduced the m and atory fortification of bread with iodised salt as a strategy to improve iodine intakes . The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of fortification on the iodine status of NZ schoolchildren . A school-based cluster survey was used to r and omly select schools from two NZ cities . Children aged 8 - 10 years were administered a general question naire , and asked to provide a casual urine and finger-prick blood sample . The median urinary iodine concentration ( UIC ) of the children ( n 147 ) was 113 μg/l , which falls between 100 and 199 μg/l indicating adequate iodine status ; 12 % of children had a UIC < 50 μg/l and 39 % had a UIC < 100 μg/l . The median serum thyroxine concentration was 115 nmol/l . The median serum thyroglobulin ( Tg ) concentration was 10.8 μg/l and falls in the 10.0 - 19.9 μg/l range indicative of mild iodine deficiency , suggesting that these children still had enlarged thyroid gl and s. When compared with the median UIC of 68 μg/l reported in the 2002 NZ Children 's Nutrition Survey , the UIC of children in the present study had increased , which is probably caused by the addition of iodised salt to bread . However , the elevated concentration of Tg in these children suggests that the increase in UIC is not sufficient to ensure that thyroid volume has normalised . The fortification of other staple foods , in addition to bread , should be considered to ensure good iodine status in NZ children
Controlled trials on infant neurodevelopment were lacking ; gestational iodine supplementation reduced maternal thyroid volume and serum thyroglobulin and in some studies prevented a rise in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone .
Iodine supplementation improves some maternal thyroid indices and may benefit aspects of cognitive function in school-age children , even in marginally iodine-deficient areas .
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognised , the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are uncertain .
OBJECTIVES We undertook a systematic review of the impact of iodine supplementation in population s with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency .