There is strong evidence that physical activity acutely reduces cigarette craving
AIMS To conduct an up date d systematic review and the first meta- analysis of experimental trials investigating the acute effects of short bouts of physical activity ( PA ) on strength of desire ( SoD ) and desire to smoke ( DtS ) using individual participant data ( IPD ) .
Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms
Twenty-nine cigarette smokers completed a smoking motivation question naire and had expired-air carbon monoxide ( CO ) and plasma nicotine concentrations measured prior to abstaining from smoking for 24 h. Before and after the abstinence period , the subjects rated mood and physical symptoms known to be affected by cigarette abstinence ( e.g. irritability , restlessness ) . Scores on the “ dependent smoking ” subscale of the smoking motivation question naire correlated significantly with overall withdrawal severity , craving , and increased irritability . “ Indulgent smoking ” scores correlated positively with increased hunger . Pre-abstinence plasma nicotine concentration significantly pedicted craving , hunger , restlessness , inability to concentrate and overall withdrawal severity , while expired-air CO predicted craving and restlessness only . Usual daily cigarette consumption did not significantly predict any withdrawal effects . The data indicate that pre-abstinence measures of smoking motivation and smoke intake may provide a guide to withdrawal severity on smoking cessation and that smokers with a high pre-abstinence nicotine intake experience the greatest discomfort
There is strong evidence that physical activity acutely reduces cigarette craving
AIMS To conduct an up date d systematic review and the first meta- analysis of experimental trials investigating the acute effects of short bouts of physical activity ( PA ) on strength of desire ( SoD ) and desire to smoke ( DtS ) using individual participant data ( IPD ) .