Commonly measured constructs of mobility included walking , climbing stairs , and lower extremity function .
There was heterogeneity in ways of defining and measuring mobility limitation in older adults living in the community .
Mobility is critical in maintaining independence in older adults .
This study aims to systematic ally review the scientific literature to identify measures of mobility limitation for community-dwelling older adults .
Education predicts incidence of preclinical mobility disability in initially high-functioning older women. The Women's Health and Aging Study II.
BACKGROUND To examine the impact of educational attainment on the incidence of  pre clinical mobility disability ( PCD )  . METHODS The Women 's Health and Aging II Study is a prospect i ve observational cohort study of 436 initially high-functioning community-dwelling women aged 70 - 79 years at baseline in Baltimore , Maryl and . We measured the association of highest attained education level with pre clinical mobility disability ( PCD ) over an 11-year period . PCD is defined as self-reported modification in any of four tasks without reporting difficulty in those tasks . The tasks were  walking ½ mile , climbing up steps , doing heavy housework  , and getting in/out of bed or chair  . RESULTS Participants with less than 9 years of education were more likely to acquire incident PCD ( hazard ratio : 3.1 , 95 % confidence interval = 1.2 - 7.7 ) than their counterparts with more education after adjusting for income , marital status , number of diseases , and high self-efficacy . CONCLUSIONS Lower education level is an independent predictor of incident pre clinical mobility disability . This association has important implication s for primary and secondary prevention and can be easily assessed in clinical encounters
Commonly measured constructs of mobility included walking , climbing stairs , and lower extremity function .
There was heterogeneity in ways of defining and measuring mobility limitation in older adults living in the community .
Mobility is critical in maintaining independence in older adults .
This study aims to systematic ally review the scientific literature to identify measures of mobility limitation for community-dwelling older adults .