Conclusions A multicomponent exercise program of high-speed training combined with simulated functional tasks is promising to enhance functional outcomes .
Due to substantial clinical heterogeneity of the target groups and specific dem and s of exercise modes , it is unclear which exercise program is optimal
Summary Osteoporosis affects many aspects of daily life .
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of exercise interventions on functional outcomes in persons with osteoporosis , in comparison with controls .
Exercise and fractures in postmenopausal women. Final results of the controlled Erlangen Fitness and Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS)
Summary The EFOPS trial clearly established the positive effect of long-term exercise on clinical low-trauma fractures in postmenopausal women at risk . Bearing in mind that the complex anti-fracture exercise protocol s also affect a large variety of diseases of increased age , we strongly encourage older adults to perform multi purpose exercise programs . Introduction Physical exercise may be an efficient option for autonomous fracture prevention during increasing age . The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on clinical overall fracture incidence and bone mineral density ( BMD ) in elderly subjects at risk . Methods In 1998 initially , 137 early-postmenopausal , osteopenic women living in Erlangen-Nuremberg , Germany , were included in the EFOPS trial . Subjects of the exercise group ( EG ; n = 86 ) conducted two supervised group and two home exercise sessions/week while the control group ( CG ; n = 51 ) was requested to maintain their physical activity . Primary study endpoints were clinical overall low-trauma fractures determined by question naires , structured interviews , and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . Results In 2014 , 105 subjects ( EG : n = 59 vs. CG : n = 46 ) representing 1680 participant-years were included in the 16-year follow-up analysis .  Risk ratio in the EG for overall low-trauma fractures was 0.51 ( 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) 0.23 to 0.97 , p = .046 ) , rate ratio was 0.42 ( 95 % CI 0.20 to 0.86 , p = .018 ) . Based on comparable baseline values , lumbar spine ( MV −1.5 % , 95 % CI −0.1 to −2.8 vs. −5.8 % , −3.3 to −7.2 % ) and femoral neck ( −6.5 % , −5.2 to −7.7 vs. −9.6 % , −8.2 to 11.1 % ) BMD decreased in both groups ; however , the reduction was more pronounced in the CG ( p ≤ .001 ) . Conclusion This study clearly evidence d the high anti-fracture efficiency of multi purpose exercise programs . Considering furthermore the favorable effect of exercise on most other risk factors of increasing age , we strongly encourage older adults to perform multi purpose exercise programs
Conclusions A multicomponent exercise program of high-speed training combined with simulated functional tasks is promising to enhance functional outcomes .
Due to substantial clinical heterogeneity of the target groups and specific dem and s of exercise modes , it is unclear which exercise program is optimal
Summary Osteoporosis affects many aspects of daily life .
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of exercise interventions on functional outcomes in persons with osteoporosis , in comparison with controls .