Evidence from the studies included in this systematic review did not demonstrate that vitamin D supplementation in adults , results in an improvement in circulating inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers/parameters .
This systematic review does not therefore support the use of vitamin D supplementation as a therapeutic or preventative measure for CVD in this respect
This systematic review aims to evaluate r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on  endothelial function and inflammation in adults .
Randomized controlled trial of cholecalciferol supplementation in chronic kidney disease patients with hypovitaminosis D.
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is common in chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) . Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D replenishment in CKD are not well described . METHODS An 8-week r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind parallel intervention study was conducted in haemodialysis ( HD ) and non-HD CKD patients . Treatment consisted of 40,000 IU of cholecalciferol orally per week . Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25-OHD ) , plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1,25-diOHD ) , plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , serum phosphate , ionized serum calcium and serum fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF-23 ) were analysed . We also investigated biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease ( plasma D-dimer , plasma fibrinogen , plasma von Willebr and factor antigen and activity , plasma interleukin 6 , plasma C-reactive protein , blood pressure , aortic augmentation index , aortic pulse wave velocity and 24-h urinary protein loss ) . Objective and subjective health variables were assessed ( muscle function tests , visual analogue scores and Health Assessment Question naire ) . RESULTS Fifty-two CKD patients with 25-OHD < 50 nmol/L at screening were included .  Cholecalciferol supplementation led to a significant increase to a median of 155 nmol/L 25-OHD ( interquartile range 137 - 173 nmol/L ) in treated patients ( n = 25 , P < 0.001 ) . In non-HD patients , we saw a significant increase in 1,25-diOHD ( n = 13 , P < 0.01 ) and a lowering of PTH ( n = 13 , P < 0.001 ) . This was not observed in HD patients .  Cholecalciferol supplementation caused a significant increase in serum calcium and FGF-23 . CONCLUSIONS 25-OHD replenishment was effectively obtained with the employed cholecalciferol dosing . In non-HD patients , it had favourable effects on 1,25-diOHD and PTH .  Vitamin D-supplemented patients must be monitored for hypercalcaemia . The present study could not identify significant pleiotropic effects of 25-OHD replenishment
Evidence from the studies included in this systematic review did not demonstrate that vitamin D supplementation in adults , results in an improvement in circulating inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers/parameters .
This systematic review does not therefore support the use of vitamin D supplementation as a therapeutic or preventative measure for CVD in this respect
This systematic review aims to evaluate r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on  endothelial function and inflammation in adults .