Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .
Kettlebell training for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness of a worksite intervention using kettlebell training to improve musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health . METHODS This single-blind r and omized controlled trial involved 40 adults from occupations with a high prevalence of reported musculoskeletal pain symptoms ( mean age 44 years , body mass index 23 kg/m² , 85 % women , with pain intensity of the neck/shoulders 3.5 and of the low back 2.8 on a scale of 0 - 10 ) . A blinded assessor took measures at baseline and follow-up . Participants were r and omly assigned to training -- consisting of ballistic full-body kettlebell exercise 3 times per week for 8 weeks -- or a control group . The main outcome measures were pain intensity of the neck/shoulders and low back , isometric muscle strength , and aerobic fitness . RESULTS Compared with the control group , pain intensity of the neck/shoulders decreased 2.1 points [ 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) -3.7- -0.4 ] and pain intensity of the low back decreased 1.4 points ( 95 % CI -2.7- -0.02 ) in the training group . Compared with the control group , the training group increased muscle strength of the trunk extensors ( P<0.001 ) , but not of the trunk flexors and shoulders . Aerobic fitness remained unchanged . CONCLUSIONS Worksite intervention using kettlebell training  reduces pain in the neck/shoulders and low back and improves muscle strength of the low back among adults from occupations with a high prevalence of reported musculoskeletal pain symptoms . This type of training does not appear to improve aerobic fitness
Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .