Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .
A double-blind randomized clinical trial of different doses of transdermal nicotine patch for smoking reduction and cessation in long-term hospitalized schizophrenic patients
There have been many studies of smoking cessation using nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) with schizophrenic patients , but none exploring the smoking-reduction effects of varying doses of NRT in long-stay patients with schizophrenia . This study aim ed to examine the effect of different doses of the nicotine transdermal patch on smoking-reduction and cessation outcomes in long-term hospitalized schizophrenic patients . A total of 184 subjects participated in a r and omized , controlled , double-blind 8-week clinical trial . Participants were r and omized into two groups using two different doses of NRT : a high-dose NRT group ( 31.2 mg for the first 4 weeks , then 20.8 mg for 4 weeks , n = 92 ) or a low-dose NRT group ( 20.8 mg for 8 weeks , n = 92 ) . The 7-day point prevalence of abstinence was 2.7 % ( 5/184 ) . Participants in the low-dose NRT group reduced smoking by 3.1 more cigarettes on average than those in the high-dose group ( p = 0.005 ) . However , a repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of changes in the number of cigarettes smoked , comparing the two types of treatment across periods , was not significant ( p = 0.35 , partial eta square = 0.018 ) . In summary , among a cohort of chronic institutionalized schizophrenic patients , smoking cessation and reduction outcomes were not correlated with NRT dose , and the cessation rate was much lower than rates in similar studies . It indicates that long-term hospitalized schizophrenic patients have more difficulties with quitting smoking . More effective integrative smoking cessation programs should be addressed for these patients
Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .