Conclusions This systematic review found that most of the evidence associating malaria and malnutrition comes from P. falciparum endemic areas , with a significant heterogeneity in studies ’ design .
Apparently malnutrition has not a great impact on malaria morbidity , but could have a negative impact on malaria mortality and severity .
Most studies show no association between malaria and subsequent malnutrition in P. falciparum areas .
In Plasmodium vivax endemic areas , malaria was associated with malnutrition in children .
Background Multiple studies in various parts of the world have analysed the association of nutritional status on malaria using anthropometric measures , but results differ due to the heterogeneity of the study population , species of the parasite , and other factors involved in the host and parasite relationship .
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the inter-relationship of nutritional status based on anthropometry and malarial infection .
Altered concentrations of appetite regulators may contribute to the development and maintenance of HIV‐associated wasting
Objective : To examine the relation of circulating appetite neuropeptides , CCK-8 sulphate ( CCK-8s ) and β-endorphin , and the tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) and soluble TNF receptors ( sTNFR ) to the anorexia and wasting associated with HIV-infection . Design : Cross-sectional analysis . Setting : A university-based HIV/AIDS ambulatory clinic in Madrid , Spain . Participants : Thirty-six r and omly selected AIDS patients without concomitant diseases or secondary infections were classified into two groups : 19 patients with wasting and 17 with normal body weight , and 18 healthy controls . Measurements : Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometry , laboratory parameters and  self-report of appetite . Plasma levels of TNF-α and sTNFR proteins p55 ( sTNFR-p55 )  and p75 ( sTNFR-p75 ) were determined by enzyme immunoassay , whereas CCK-8s and β-endorphin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay . Results : AIDS patients with wasting had significantly higher plasma concentrations of CCK-8s , but lower levels of β-endorphin when compared to well-nourished AIDS patients ( P < 0.01 ) or controls ( P < 0.001 ) . Mean levels of TNF-α , and sTNFR-p55 and sTNFR-p75 were greater in AIDS patients with wasting than in asymptomatic AIDS patients or in controls . No significant association was observed between any of these circulating peptides and the parameters of malnutrition . Conclusions : An activation of the TNF system , together with reciprocal changes in plasma concentrations of two neuropeptides with opposing appetite regulation , that is increased concentrations of CCK-8s but lower levels of β-endorphin , are associated with the presence of HIV wasting . We hypothesize that these changes may contribute to the development of HIV wasting by producing a pathological inhibition of appetite
Conclusions This systematic review found that most of the evidence associating malaria and malnutrition comes from P. falciparum endemic areas , with a significant heterogeneity in studies ’ design .
Apparently malnutrition has not a great impact on malaria morbidity , but could have a negative impact on malaria mortality and severity .
Most studies show no association between malaria and subsequent malnutrition in P. falciparum areas .
In Plasmodium vivax endemic areas , malaria was associated with malnutrition in children .
Background Multiple studies in various parts of the world have analysed the association of nutritional status on malaria using anthropometric measures , but results differ due to the heterogeneity of the study population , species of the parasite , and other factors involved in the host and parasite relationship .
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the inter-relationship of nutritional status based on anthropometry and malarial infection .