Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Antihypertensive and volume-depleting effects of mild exercise on essential hypertension.
After a general clinical observation period of over 4 weeks , 20 essential hypertensive subjects ( Japanese ) were r and omly divided into two groups . One group ( n = 10 ; 4 men and 6 women ; 51.4 + /- 2.8 years of age ) agreed to physical training using bicycle ergometer exercise with the intensity at blood lactate threshold for 60 minutes three times a week for 10 weeks , while the other group ( n = 10 ; 4 men and 6 women ; 51.0 + /- 2.9 years of age ) did no particular physical training and was followed once a week as the control . Changes in blood pressure , hemodynamics , and humoral factors of the exercised group were compared with values in the controls . The following significant changes were found only in the exercised group . Blood pressure was significantly ( p less than 0.01 ) reduced . Whole blood and plasma volume indices were significantly reduced ( p less than 0.05 , p less than 0.01 , respectively ) . The change in ratio of serum sodium to potassium positively correlated with the change in systolic blood pressure ( r = 0.76 , p less than 0.02 ) . Plasma norepinephrine concentrations both at rest and at the workload of blood lactate threshold during grade d exercise tests were significantly reduced ( p less than 0.05 , p less than 0.02 respectively ) after 10 weeks of exercise training . The change in the resting level of plasma norepinephrine positively correlated with that in the mean blood pressure . No such changes were observed in the control group . In both groups , body weight and urinary sodium excretion showed no statistically significant changes . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .