Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose , sex , fracture history , dietary calcium intake , and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration .
Conclusions and Relevance In this meta- analysis of r and omized clinical trials , the use of supplements that included calcium , vitamin D , or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures  among community-dwelling older adults .
Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal .
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults .
Objective To investigate whether calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults .
The Effect of the Modified Eighth Section of Eight-Section Brocade on Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Abstract Osteoporosis and related fragility fractures represent a serious and global public health problem . To evaluate whether the modified eighth section of Eight-section Brocade ( MESE ) exercise could improve the symptom and indexes associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women . Guangzhou and Liuzhou hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in China . Women ( n = 198 ) aged 50 to 75 years were r and omized into Control , Ca , MESE , and MESE + Ca . Subjects in Ca and MESE groups were separately asked to consume thrice daily Calcium Carbonate Chewable D3 tablet and to perform thrice daily MESE exercise by 7 repetitions per time for 12 months . Subjects in MESE + Ca group performed such the combined treatment project for 12 months . Body height and Hospital for Special Surgery ( HSS ) scores of both knees , chronic back pain visual analogue scale scores ( VAS ) , bone mineral density ( BMD ) at L2 to L4 and the left femoral neck , 3-feet Up and Go Test ( 3′ ) and one-leg Stance ( OLS ) . In our study , the improvement in chronic back pain of the patients in Ca , MESE , and MESE + Ca group was better than that in control group . There was 1.9 % and 1.7 % , 2.3 % , and 2.1 % net profit in left femoral neck and lumbar BMD after the treatment for 12 months in MESE and MESE + Ca groups . For the balance capacity , the subjects in MESE and MESE + Ca groups secured much better performance than those in Ca and control group after the treatment for 12 months ( P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 ) . The treatment of MESE exercise is the most effective for the improvement of the symptom and indexes in postmenopausal women . Importantly , the low attrition and the high exercise compliance indicate that MESE exercise is safe , feasible , and well tolerated by postmenopausal women
Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose , sex , fracture history , dietary calcium intake , and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration .
Conclusions and Relevance In this meta- analysis of r and omized clinical trials , the use of supplements that included calcium , vitamin D , or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures  among community-dwelling older adults .
Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal .
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults .
Objective To investigate whether calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults .