Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Improved cardio-respiratory fitness correlates with changes in the number and size of small dense LDL: randomized controlled trial with exercise training and dietary instruction.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between lifestyle improvements , in particular increased cardio-respiratory fitness and changes in the blood lipid profile . METHODS The participants were 217 residents of Fuji and Yamato Towns , Saga City , with mildly abnormal blood pressure , serum lipids or blood glucose detected at health check-ups in 2003 . Participants were r and omly allocated to an Intervention  ( 108 subjects ) or  Control group ( 109 subjects ) , matched for age and various conditions . The Intervention group was given exercise advice and prescription and dietary instructions . Cardio-respiratory fitness was evaluated using the work rate at double product breaking point . Changes of lipid parameters were compared before and after intervention , and examined the relationship with cardio-respiratory fitness . RESULTS Seventy nine subjects in each group could be followed up for 17 months without requiring pharmacotherapy . Body mass index , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure , homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance , and triglycerides were decreased in the Intervention group . Furthermore , apolipoprotein B levels were lower ( p<0.05 ) , and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein B ( LDL/ApoB ) was higher ( p<0.001 ) . When all subjects were divided into 3 subgroups according to the degree of improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness , LDL/ApoB increased and apolipoprotein B decreased as the degree of improvement increased ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Improvement was seen in atherosclerotic risk factors through lifestyle modification . In particular , improved cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with qualitative and quantitative changes in LDLs
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .