Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .
Prevalence of spondylosis deformans in the feline spine and correlation with owner-perceived behavioural changes.
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine the prevalence , spinal distribution , and association with the signalment of cats suffering from different grade s of feline spondylosis deformans ( spondylosis ) . The secondary objective was to document behavioural changes associated with spondylosis by owner observation . METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of feline spondylosis ( group 1 ) . A prospect i ve study was performed to determine the association between radiographic abnormalities of the lumbosacral region ( L3-S1 ) and owner perceived behavioural changes based on a completed question naire ( group 2 ) . The radiographs were review ed using a grading system ( 0 - 3 ) for spondylosis . RESULTS The prevalence of spondylosis in group 1 was 39.4 % ( 158/402 ) . Cats with spondylosis were significantly older than cats without spondylosis ( p < 0.001 ) . The thoracic ( T ) vertebrae T4-T10 were most often affected by spondylosis , but spondylosis was most severe in the T10-S1 vertebrae . In group 2 , spondylosis of the lumbosacral region was significantly correlated with owner-reported behavioural changes , such as a decreased willingness to greet people and to being petted , increased aggressiveness , and a poor perceived quality of life ( p = 0.037 ) . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study found that feline spondylosis is common and that spondylosis of the lumbosacral region may be accompanied by behavioural changes
Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .