Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings .
Conclusions Moderate- quality evidence from the present network meta- analysis suggests that D + E can be highly recommended for long-term obesity management .
Furthermore , the evidence suggests a moderate superiority of D over E with respect to anthropometric outcomes .
Background The aim of this meta- analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise ( D + E ) vs. diet ( D ) , D + E vs. exercise ( E ) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese participants .
The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women.
BACKGROUND The National Cholesterol Education Program ( NCEP ) recommends a low-saturated-fat , low-cholesterol diet , with weight loss if indicated , to correct elevated plasma cholesterol levels . Weight loss accomplished by simple caloric restriction or increased exercise typically increases the level of high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol . Little is known about the effects on plasma lipoproteins of a hypocaloric NCEP diet with or without exercise in overweight people . METHODS We tested the hypothesis that exercise ( walking or jogging ) will increase HDL cholesterol levels in moderately overweight , sedentary people who adopt a hypocaloric NCEP diet . We r and omly assigned 132 men and 132 women 25 to 49 years old to one of three groups : control , hypocaloric NCEP diet , or hypocaloric NCEP diet with exercise .  One hundred nineteen of the men and 112 of the women returned for testing after one year . RESULTS After one year , the subjects in both intervention groups had reached or closely approached NCEP Step 1 dietary goals and reduced their mean body fat significantly ( range of reduction in mean fat weight , 4.0 to 7.8 kg ) . Weight loss on the NCEP diet alone did not significantly change HDL cholesterol levels in either the men or the women as compared with the subjects in the control group . Plasma levels of HDL cholesterol increased significantly more in the men who exercised and dieted ( mean [ + /- SE ] change , + 13 + /- 3 percent ) than in the men who only dieted ( + 2 + /- 3 percent , P less than 0.01 ) or the men who acted as controls ( -4 + /- 2 percent , P less than 0.001 ) . HDL cholesterol levels remained about the same in the women who exercised and dieted ( + 1 + /- 2 percent ) ; they were higher than in the women who only dieted ( -10 + /- 3 percent , P less than 0.01 ) , but not higher than in the controls ( -3 + /- 3 percent ) . CONCLUSIONS Regular exercise in overweight men and women enhances the improvement in plasma lipoprotein levels that results from the adoption of a low-saturated-fat , low-cholesterol diet
Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings .
Conclusions Moderate- quality evidence from the present network meta- analysis suggests that D + E can be highly recommended for long-term obesity management .
Furthermore , the evidence suggests a moderate superiority of D over E with respect to anthropometric outcomes .
Background The aim of this meta- analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise ( D + E ) vs. diet ( D ) , D + E vs. exercise ( E ) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese participants .