Conclusion Our findings suggest that people with low literacy skills or learning disabilities are left out of the development of PROMs .
Background  Patient-reported outcome measures ( PROMs ) are intended to reflect outcomes relevant to patients .
They are increasingly used for healthcare quality improvement .
To produce valid measures , patients should be involved in the development process but it is unclear whether this usually includes people with low literacy skills or learning disabilities .
A randomized clinical trial of lung volume reduction surgery versus best medical care for patients with advanced emphysema: a two-year study from Canada.
BACKGROUND We present a summary report evaluating the efficacy of lung volume reduction surgery ( LVRS ) in patients with advanced emphysema in the Canadian setting . METHODS Quality of Life measures assessed the efficacy of adding LVRS to best medical care including rehabilitation in this blinded r and omized multicentered controlled trial with 2 years of follow-up . Health utility and quality -adjusted life years ( QALY ) were outcomes central to our economic assessment . RESULTS None of the 32 patients r and omized to the LVRS arm or 30 patients in the best medical care ( BMC )  arm crossed-over and no patients were lost to follow-up . Overall surgical mortality was 16 % at 2 years while the overall medical mortality was 13 % ( p = 0.914 ) . There were no 30-day postoperative deaths but 2 deaths ( 6 % ) occurred within 90 days of r and omization . Surgery reduced the residual volume measured at 6 months by 23 % ( 5,385 mL to 4,322 mL , p = 0.007 ) . There was an increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ) of 30 % ( 265 mL , p = 0.013 ) from baseline , an improvement in the six minute walk test ( 6MWT ) of 78 meters ( p = 0.045 ) , and an increase in Health Utility Index 3 ( HUI3 ) which peaked at 6 months with a difference of 0.16 ( p = 0.129 ) . There was a gain in QALYs of 0.21 ( p = 0.19 ) in the LVRS-arm over the BMC -arm . The LVRS  costs an additional 28,119 Canadian dollars ( CAD ) compared with BMC or 133,900 CAD/QALY gained . CONCLUSIONS The addition of LVRS to best medical care including pulmonary rehabilitation improves pulmonary function , exercise activity , and quality of life in selected patients with advanced emphysema . Cost is high but in keeping with other treatment modalities currently available
Conclusion Our findings suggest that people with low literacy skills or learning disabilities are left out of the development of PROMs .
Background  Patient-reported outcome measures ( PROMs ) are intended to reflect outcomes relevant to patients .
They are increasingly used for healthcare quality improvement .
To produce valid measures , patients should be involved in the development process but it is unclear whether this usually includes people with low literacy skills or learning disabilities .