Increased psychological distress remains elevated in SCI , mTBI and WAD for at least 3 years post-MVC .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta- analysis was to determine the psychological impact associated with motor vehicle crash (MVC)-related physical injuries .
Reduced reactivity and enhanced negative feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis in chronic whiplash-associated disorder
Abstract Dysregulations of the hypothalamus – pituitary – adrenal ( HPA ) axis have been discussed as a physiological substrate of chronic pain and fatigue . The aim of the study was to investigate possible dysregulations of the HPA axis in chronic whiplash‐associated disorder ( WAD ) . In 20 patients with chronic WAD and 20 healthy controls  , awakening cortisol responses as well as a short circadian free cortisol profile were assessed before and after administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone . In comparison to the controls , chronic WAD patients had attenuated cortisol responses to awakening , normal cortisol levels during the day , and showed enhanced and prolonged suppression of cortisol after the administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone . Dysregulations of the HPA axis in terms of reduced reactivity and enhanced negative feedback suppression exist in chronic WAD . The observed endocrine abnormalities could serve as a systemic mechanism of symptoms experienced by chronic WAD patients
Increased psychological distress remains elevated in SCI , mTBI and WAD for at least 3 years post-MVC .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta- analysis was to determine the psychological impact associated with motor vehicle crash (MVC)-related physical injuries .