There was no significant between group difference in six-minute walk test distance .
Conclusions Our meta- analysis showed WPAM with exercise prescription or advice are superior to no device in improving CRF in the maintenance phase of CR and no cardiac adverse events were reported with WPAM use .
Our qualitative analysis showed evidence in favour of WPAM with exercise prescription or advice for both CRF and step count .
WPAM with exercise prescription or advice did not change sedentary time .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is a component of cardiac rehabilitation ( CR ) .
However , life-long engagement in PA is required to maintain benefits gained .
Wearable PA monitoring devices ( WPAM ) are thought to increase PA .
There appear to be no review s which investigate the effect of WPAM in cardiac population s. We firstly aim ed to systematic ally review r and omised controlled trials within the cardiac population that investigated the effect WPAM had through the maintenance phase of CR .
We specifically examined the effect on cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) , amount and intensity of daily PA , and sedentary time .
Impact of a Wearable Device-Based Walking Programs in Rural Older Adults on Physical Activity and Health Outcomes: Cohort Study
Background Community-dwelling older adults living in rural areas are in a less favorable environment for health care compared with urban older adults . We believe that intermittent coaching through wearable devices can help optimize health care for older adults in medically limited environments . Objective We aim ed to evaluate whether a wearable device and mobile-based intermittent coaching or self-management could increase physical activity and health outcomes of small groups of older adults in rural areas . Methods To address the above evaluation goal , we carried out the “ Smart Walk ” program , a health care model wherein a wearable device is used to promote self-exercise particularly among community-dwelling older adults managed by a community health center . We r and omly selected older adults who had enrolled in a population -based , prospect i ve cohort study of aging , the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area . The “ Smart Walk ” program was a 13-month program conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 and included 6 months of coaching , 1 month of rest , and 6 months of self-management . We evaluated differences in physical activity and health outcomes according to frailty status and conducted pre- and postanalyses of the Smart Walk program . We also performed intergroup analysis according to adherence of wearable devices . Results We recruited 22 participants ( 11 robust and 11 prefrail older adults ) . The two groups were similar in most of the variables , except for age , frailty index , and Short Physical Performance Battery score associated with frailty criteria . After a 6-month coaching program , the prefrail group showed significant improvement in usual gait speed ( mean 0.73 [ SD 0.11 ] vs mean 0.96 [ SD 0.27 ] , P=.02 ) , International Physical Activity Question naire scores in kcal ( mean 2790.36 [ SD 2224.62 ] vs mean 7589.72 [ SD 4452.52 ] , P=.01 ) , and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions score ( mean 0.84 [ SD 0.07 ] vs mean 0.90 [ SD 0.07 ] , P=.02 ) , although no significant improvement was found in the robust group . The average total step count was significantly different and was approximately four times higher in the coaching period than in the self-management period ( 5,584,295.83 vs 1,289,084.66 , P<.001 ) . We found that participants in the “ long-self ” group who used the wearable device for the longest time showed increased body weight and body mass index by mean 0.65 ( SD 1.317 ) and mean 0.097 ( SD 0.513 ) , respectively , compared with the other groups . Conclusions Our “ Smart Walk ” program  improved physical fitness , anthropometric measurements , and geriatric assessment categories in a small group of older adults in rural areas with limited re sources for monitoring . Further validation through various rural public health centers and in a large number of rural older adults is required
There was no significant between group difference in six-minute walk test distance .
Conclusions Our meta- analysis showed WPAM with exercise prescription or advice are superior to no device in improving CRF in the maintenance phase of CR and no cardiac adverse events were reported with WPAM use .
Our qualitative analysis showed evidence in favour of WPAM with exercise prescription or advice for both CRF and step count .
WPAM with exercise prescription or advice did not change sedentary time .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) is a component of cardiac rehabilitation ( CR ) .
However , life-long engagement in PA is required to maintain benefits gained .
Wearable PA monitoring devices ( WPAM ) are thought to increase PA .
There appear to be no review s which investigate the effect of WPAM in cardiac population s. We firstly aim ed to systematic ally review r and omised controlled trials within the cardiac population that investigated the effect WPAM had through the maintenance phase of CR .
We specifically examined the effect on cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) , amount and intensity of daily PA , and sedentary time .