In general , stimulants improved driving performance in ADHD patients ( either in RCTs conducted in simulators and /or cars ) .
MPH-OROS  improved driving performance compared with MAS-XR , placebo , or no-drug conditions .
Although MPH-OROS and MPH-IR produced similar improvements during the day , MPH-IR lost its efficacy in the evening .
MAS-XR also improved driving performance , but worsened driving performance in the evening .
Studies with ATX report conflicting results .
Improvement was more consistent in teenagers and young adults .
In general , treatment with psychostimulants or ATX in therapeutic dosages had no negative impact on driving performance of ADHD patients .
To conclude , treatment with stimulants in therapeutic doses improves driving performance in ADHD patients , especially teenagers and young adults
Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) , especially teenagers and young adults , show important car driving impairments , including risky driving , accidents , fines and suspension of driver׳s license .
We systematic ally review ed the efficacy of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs on driving performance of ADHD patients .
Higher magnitude cash payments improve research follow-up rates without increasing drug use or perceived coercion.
In a prior study [ Festinger , D.S. , Marlowe , D.B. , Croft , J.R. , Dugosh , K.L. , Mastro , N.K. , Lee , P.A. , DeMatteo , D.S. , Patapis , N.S. , 2005 . Do research payments precipitate drug use or coerce participation ? Drug Alcohol Depend . 78 ( 3 ) 275 - 281 ] we found that neither the mode ( cash vs. gift card ) nor magnitude ( $ 10 , $ 40 , or $ 70 ) of research follow-up payments increased rates of new drug use or perceptions of coercion . However , higher payments and payments in cash were associated with better follow-up attendance , reduced tracking efforts , and improved participant satisfaction with the study . The present study extended those findings to higher payment magnitudes . Participants from an urban outpatient substance abuse treatment program were r and omly assigned to receive $ 70 , $ 100 , $ 130 , or $ 160 in either cash or a gift card for completing a follow-up assessment at 6 months post-admission ( n congruent with 50 per cell ) . Apart from the payment incentives , all participants received a st and ardized , minimal platform of follow-up efforts . Findings revealed that neither the magnitude nor mode of payment had a significant effect on new drug use or perceived coercion . Consistent with our previous findings , higher payments and cash payments result ed in significantly higher follow-up rates and fewer tracking calls . In addition participants receiving cash vs. gift cards were more likely to use their payments for essential , non-luxury purchases . Follow-up rates for participants receiving cash payments of $ 100 , $ 130 , and $ 160 approached or exceeded the FDA required minimum of 70 % for studies to be considered in evaluations of new medications . This suggests that the use of higher magnitude payments and cash payments may be effective strategies for obtaining more representative follow-up sample s without increasing new drug use or perceptions of coercion
In general , stimulants improved driving performance in ADHD patients ( either in RCTs conducted in simulators and /or cars ) .
MPH-OROS  improved driving performance compared with MAS-XR , placebo , or no-drug conditions .
Although MPH-OROS and MPH-IR produced similar improvements during the day , MPH-IR lost its efficacy in the evening .
MAS-XR also improved driving performance , but worsened driving performance in the evening .
Studies with ATX report conflicting results .
Improvement was more consistent in teenagers and young adults .
In general , treatment with psychostimulants or ATX in therapeutic dosages had no negative impact on driving performance of ADHD patients .
To conclude , treatment with stimulants in therapeutic doses improves driving performance in ADHD patients , especially teenagers and young adults
Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) , especially teenagers and young adults , show important car driving impairments , including risky driving , accidents , fines and suspension of driver׳s license .
We systematic ally review ed the efficacy of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs on driving performance of ADHD patients .