Moderate hypofractionation is safe and effective , but longer-term data are still lacking .
Brachytherapy represents an effective way to increase the delivered dose .
OBJECTIVE To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology ( EAU ) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology ( ESTRO ) - International Society of Geriatric Oncology ( SIOG ) Guidelines on screening , diagnosis , and local treatment with curative intent of clinical ly localised prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS BRCA2 mutations have been added as risk factors for early and aggressive disease .
Systematic screening is still not recommended .
An early prostate-specific antigen test , the use of a risk calculator , or one of the promising biomarker tools are being investigated and might be able to limit the overdetection of insignificant PCa .
Breaking the link between diagnosis and treatment may lower the overtreatment risk .
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using st and ardised reporting can not replace systematic biopsy , but robustly nested within the diagnostic work-up , it has a key role in local staging .
In Northern and Western Europe , the number of men diagnosed with PCa has been on the rise .
Incidence of prostate cancer in hypogonadal men receiving testosterone therapy: observations from 5-year median followup of 3 registries.
PURPOSE Although there is no evidence that testosterone therapy increases the risk of prostate cancer , there is a paucity of long-term data . We determined whether the incidence of prostate cancer is increased in hypogonadal men receiving long-term testosterone therapy .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS In 3 parallel , prospect i ve , ongoing , cumulative registry studies 1,023 hypogonadal men received testosterone therapy .  Two study cohorts were treated by urologists ( since 2004 ) and 1 was treated at an academic and rology center ( since 1996 ) . Patients were treated when  total testosterone was 12.1 nmol/l or less ( 350 ng/dl ) and symptoms of hypogonadism were present . Maximum followup was 17 years ( 1996 to 2013 ) and median followup was 5 years . Mean baseline patient age in the urological setting s was 58 years and in the and rology setting it was 41 years . Patients received testosterone undecanoate injections in 12-week intervals . Pretreatment examination of the prostate and monitoring during treatment were performed . Prostate biopsies were performed according to EAU guidelines . RESULTS Numbers of positive and negative biopsies were assessed . The incidence of prostate cancer and post-prostatectomy outcomes was studied . A total of 11 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the 2 urology setting s at proportions of 2.3 % and 1.5 % , respectively . The incidence per 10,000 patient-years was 54.4 and 30.7 , respectively . No prostate cancer was reported by the and rology center . Limitations are inherent in the registry design without a control group . CONCLUSIONS Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men does not increase the risk of prostate cancer . If guidelines for testosterone therapy are properly applied , testosterone treatment is safe in hypogonadal men
Moderate hypofractionation is safe and effective , but longer-term data are still lacking .
Brachytherapy represents an effective way to increase the delivered dose .
OBJECTIVE To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology ( EAU ) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology ( ESTRO ) - International Society of Geriatric Oncology ( SIOG ) Guidelines on screening , diagnosis , and local treatment with curative intent of clinical ly localised prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS BRCA2 mutations have been added as risk factors for early and aggressive disease .
Systematic screening is still not recommended .
An early prostate-specific antigen test , the use of a risk calculator , or one of the promising biomarker tools are being investigated and might be able to limit the overdetection of insignificant PCa .
Breaking the link between diagnosis and treatment may lower the overtreatment risk .
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using st and ardised reporting can not replace systematic biopsy , but robustly nested within the diagnostic work-up , it has a key role in local staging .
In Northern and Western Europe , the number of men diagnosed with PCa has been on the rise .