Pindolol , celiprolol and alprenolol  lowered SBP and DBP compared to placebo .
Acebutolol  lowered SBP but there was no clear evidence that it lowered DBP .
There was no clear evidence that pindolol and  oxprenolol lowered SBP or DBP .
Higher dose partial agonists did not appear to provide additional BP lowering effects compared to lower dose .
There was no evidence of a greater effect at doses higher than the initial doses .
Based on the indirect comparison of the results in this review and two Cochrane review s on angiotensin-converting-enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers ( ARBs ) , which also used similar inclusion criteria as this review , the BP lowering effect appeared to be less than the effect in patients with mild to moderate elevated BP who were taking ACE inhibitors  and ARBs based on an indirect comparison .
Withdrawals due to adverse effects were only reported in one trial so it is impossible to assess the harm of these drugs
BACKGROUND Partial agonists are a subclass of beta blockers used to treat hypertension in many countries .
Partial agonist act by stimulating beta receptors when they are quiescent and blocking beta receptors when they are active .
The blood pressure ( BP ) lowering effect of partial agonist beta blockers has not been quantified .
OBJECTIVES To quantify the dose-related effects of various partial agonists beta blockers on systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) and heart rate versus placebo in patients with primary hypertension .
[Renal hemodynamics and proteinuria in chronic glomerulonephritis treated with beta-receptor blockers or ace inhibitors].
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In patients with chronic glomerular nephropathy associated arterial hypertension and proteinuria are considered to be cardinal risk factors in the progressive deterioration of renal function . Treatment regimens which reduce proteinuria and hypertension improve prognosis . The effect of the new beta-receptor blockers compared to common ACE-Inhibitors is of special interest . PATIENTS AND METHODS The studied cohort consisted of 11 patients with CGN , hypertension and proteinuria > 400 mg/24 h. Four drugs were given for 4 weeks , doubly blinded and r and omized according to a " Latin-square design " : Celiprolol ( beta-1-antagonist , beta-2-agonist , 200 mg/d ) , Atenolol ( selective beta-1-antagonist , 50 mg/d ) , Ramipril ( ACE-inhibitor , 2.5 mg/d ) and placebo . There was a two-week wash-out phase between each of the four treatment phases . At the end of each treatment phase glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) and effective renal plasma flow ( ERPF ) were measured by inulin and para-amino-hippuric acid ( PAH ) clearance . Proteinuria was determined in the course of a three-day collection period at the end of each treatment phase . During this period blood pressures were measured with a continuous 24-hour blood pressure monitor . RESULTS Mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) was significantly reduced , compared with placebo , by all three antihypertensives ( 108 + /- 9 mm Hg with placebo , 98 + /- 12 mg Hg with atenolol , 101 + /- 11 mm Hg with celiprolol and 98 + /- 8 mm Hg with ramipril ; P < 0.01 ) . Celiprolol produced a significant rise In ERPF ( 322 + /- 109 ml/min with placebo , 391 + /- 110 ml/min with celiprolol : P < 0.05 ) . GFR was slightly , but not significantly , reduced by celiprolol and atenolol .  Filtration fraction remained unchanged with atenolol and celiprolol , while it was slightly , but not significantly , reduced with ramipril . Compared with the placebo , all three drugs significantly reduced proteinuria ( P < 0.05 ) : 1.8 + /- 1.3 g/24 h with placebo , 1.2 + /- 1.2 g/24 h with atenolol , 1.2 + /- 1.1 g/24 h with celiprolol and 1.4 + /- 1.4 g/24 h with ramipril . CONCLUSION These data indicate that , in addition to ACE inhibitors , the new generation of beta-receptor blockers in particular , because of their vasodilator action , favourably influence proteinuria and renal blood flow in patients with CGN and arterial hypertension
Pindolol , celiprolol and alprenolol  lowered SBP and DBP compared to placebo .
Acebutolol  lowered SBP but there was no clear evidence that it lowered DBP .
There was no clear evidence that pindolol and  oxprenolol lowered SBP or DBP .
Higher dose partial agonists did not appear to provide additional BP lowering effects compared to lower dose .
There was no evidence of a greater effect at doses higher than the initial doses .
Based on the indirect comparison of the results in this review and two Cochrane review s on angiotensin-converting-enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers ( ARBs ) , which also used similar inclusion criteria as this review , the BP lowering effect appeared to be less than the effect in patients with mild to moderate elevated BP who were taking ACE inhibitors  and ARBs based on an indirect comparison .
Withdrawals due to adverse effects were only reported in one trial so it is impossible to assess the harm of these drugs
BACKGROUND Partial agonists are a subclass of beta blockers used to treat hypertension in many countries .
Partial agonist act by stimulating beta receptors when they are quiescent and blocking beta receptors when they are active .
The blood pressure ( BP ) lowering effect of partial agonist beta blockers has not been quantified .
OBJECTIVES To quantify the dose-related effects of various partial agonists beta blockers on systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) and heart rate versus placebo in patients with primary hypertension .