However , benefit was limited to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants .
Conclusions Psychotropic drugs may be an effective treatment for FD , but the effect appears to be limited to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants with fewer trials for other agents , meaning that firm conclusions for efficacy can not be made .
Objective Functional dyspepsia ( FD ) is a chronic gastroduodenal disorder .
Individuals with FD demonstrate visceral hypersensitivity , abnormal central pain processing , and low mood , but it is unclear whether psychotropic drugs are an effective treatment for the condition .
Non-ulcer dyspepsia and duodenal eosinophilia: an adult endoscopic population-based case-control study.
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional abnormalities of the duodenum have been observed in non-ulcer dyspepsia . We aim ed to identify whether eosinophils in the upper gastrointestinal tract are a biomarker for non-ulcer dyspepsia . METHODS A r and om sample of an adult Swedish population ( n = 1001 ; mean age , 54 y ; 51 % female ) underwent upper endoscopy . Non-ulcer dyspepsia cases ( n = 51 , Rome II ) and r and omly selected controls ( n = 48 ) were identified . Two blinded independent observers assessed the gastroduodenal eosinophil counts . Eosinophils were quantified by counting the number per 5 high-power fields at each of 5 sites ( cardia , body , antrum , D1 duodenal bulb , and D2 second portion of duodenum ) , and total counts were summed over the 5 fields at each site . RESULTS The odds ratio for non-ulcer dyspepsia ( vs asymptomatic controls ) in subjects with high duodenal bulb eosinophil counts ( median , > /=22 , relative to < 22 ) was 11.7 ( 95 % confidence interval , 3.9 - 34.9 ) , adjusting for age , sex , and H pylori ; similar results were observed in D2 ( odds ratio = 7.3 ; 95 % confidence interval , 2.9 - 18.1 ) . A significant association with the number of eosinophil clusters was detected in the duodenum , with higher values in non-ulcer dyspepsia ( P < .01 ) . By immunostaining with major basic protein antibody in a subset of duodenal biopsy specimens , eosinophil degranulation was observed in non-ulcer dyspepsia ( 7 of 15 vs 0 of 5 controls ; P = .11 ) . Gastric eosinophil counts were overall not significantly increased in non-ulcer dyspepsia vs controls . Early satiety was associated with eosinophilia in D1 ( P = .01 ) and D2 ( P = .02 ) , adjusting for age , sex , and H pylori . CONCLUSIONS Duodenal eosinophilia may characterize a subset of adults with non-ulcer dyspepsia
However , benefit was limited to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants .
Conclusions Psychotropic drugs may be an effective treatment for FD , but the effect appears to be limited to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants with fewer trials for other agents , meaning that firm conclusions for efficacy can not be made .
Objective Functional dyspepsia ( FD ) is a chronic gastroduodenal disorder .
Individuals with FD demonstrate visceral hypersensitivity , abnormal central pain processing , and low mood , but it is unclear whether psychotropic drugs are an effective treatment for the condition .