Meta- analysis of RCTs showed that only cyclosporine A provided a simultaneous great effect size of SMD on ICSI , pain , and frequency .
Amitriptyline at different dosages showed a great effect size of SMD on pain and urgency or on ICSI and frequency .
The results from the n RCTs showed that the most frequently adopted treatment is oral pentosan polysulfate and that the use of botulinum A toxin intradetrusorial injections in PBS/IC is increasing .
Limited evidence exists for the few treatments for PBS/IC .
The lack of definitive conclusions is due to the great heterogeneity in methodology , symptoms assessment , duration of treatment , and follow-up in both RCTs and n RCTs
CONTEXT Different types of behavioural , dietary , interventional , pharmacologic , and surgical therapies have been used to treat painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis ( PBS/IC ) .
Because of the paucity of r and omised placebo-controlled studies on different treatments , an evidence -based management approach has not yet been developed .
OBJECTIVE To critically review and synthesize data from a wide range of current therapeutic approaches to PBS/IC , to quantify the effect size from r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) , and to reach clinical agreement on the efficacy of treatments for PBS/IC .
A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Abstract Objective . Male chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CPPS ) has been the subject of numerous clinical trials , but so far , no uniformly effective treatment has been identified . A commonly reported tender spot in men with CPPS is the bulbospongiosus muscle . A r and omized placebo controlled pilot trial of botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A ) injection into the perineal skeletal musculature for the treatment CPPS was conducted . Material and methods . Twenty-nine men with CPPS were identified from a urology clinic . Symptom evaluation was performed using a Global Response Assessment ( GRA ) and the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index ( CPSI ) .  All subjects were r and omized to receive either BTX-A 100 U or normal saline injected into the perineal body and bulbospongiosus muscle . Results . BTX-A  injection was administered in 13 men . At the 1 month follow-up there was a 30 % response rate for BTX-A treatment compared with 13 % for placebo ( p = 0.0002 ) , based on GRA results . Total CPSI score did not reach significance in the BTX-A-treated group , compared with controls . The CPSI pain subdomain score reached statistical significance in the BTX-A patients compared with controls ( p = 0.05 ) . The injections were well tolerated . There were no complications from the injections and no patients reported side-effects . Conclusions . BTX-A injection into the perineal body and bulbospongiosus muscle results in a modest response rate on the GRA compared with placebo for overall symptoms associated with CPPS . The treatment is well tolerated and safe . BTX-A use may enhance polytherapeutic pain management
Meta- analysis of RCTs showed that only cyclosporine A provided a simultaneous great effect size of SMD on ICSI , pain , and frequency .
Amitriptyline at different dosages showed a great effect size of SMD on pain and urgency or on ICSI and frequency .
The results from the n RCTs showed that the most frequently adopted treatment is oral pentosan polysulfate and that the use of botulinum A toxin intradetrusorial injections in PBS/IC is increasing .
Limited evidence exists for the few treatments for PBS/IC .
The lack of definitive conclusions is due to the great heterogeneity in methodology , symptoms assessment , duration of treatment , and follow-up in both RCTs and n RCTs
CONTEXT Different types of behavioural , dietary , interventional , pharmacologic , and surgical therapies have been used to treat painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis ( PBS/IC ) .
Because of the paucity of r and omised placebo-controlled studies on different treatments , an evidence -based management approach has not yet been developed .
OBJECTIVE To critically review and synthesize data from a wide range of current therapeutic approaches to PBS/IC , to quantify the effect size from r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) , and to reach clinical agreement on the efficacy of treatments for PBS/IC .