A healthier dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive outcomes in all studies , although some of the reported associations were weak and the measures used varied across the studies .
Conclusions Physical activity and healthy diets in early childhood are associated with better cognitive outcomes  in young children .
Objective Given the high prevalence of suboptimal nutrition and low activity levels in children , we systematic ally review ed the literature on the relationship between physical activity and dietary patterns and cognitive development in early childhood ( six months to five years ) .
Infant feeding and childhood cognition at ages 3 and 7 years: Effects of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity.
IMPORTANCE Breastfeeding may benefit child cognitive development , but few studies have quantified breastfeeding duration or exclusivity , nor has any study to date examined the role of maternal diet during lactation on child cognition . OBJECTIVES To examine relationships of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity with child cognition at ages 3 and 7 years and to evaluate the extent to which maternal fish intake during lactation modifies associations of infant feeding with later cognition . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Prospect i ve cohort study ( Project Viva ) , a US prebirth cohort that enrolled mothers from April 22 , 1999 , to July 31 , 2002 , and followed up children to age 7 years , including 1312 Project Viva mothers and children . MAIN EXPOSURE Duration of any breastfeeding to age 12 months . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child receptive language assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at age 3 years , Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities at ages 3 and 7 years , and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning at age 7 years . RESULTS Adjusting for sociodemographics , maternal intelligence , and home environment in linear regression , longer breastfeeding duration was associated with higher Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test score at age 3 years ( 0.21 ; 95 % CI , 0.03 - 0.38 points per month breastfed ) and with higher intelligence on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test at age 7 years ( 0.35 ; 0.16 - 0.53 verbal points per month breastfed ; and 0.29 ; 0.05 - 0.54 nonverbal points per month breastfed ) . Breastfeeding duration was not associated with Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning scores . Beneficial effects of breastfeeding on the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities at age 3 years seemed greater for women who consumed 2 or more servings of fish per week ( 0.24 ; 0.00 - 0.47 points per month breastfed ) compared with less than 2 servings of fish per week ( −0.01 ; −0.22 to 0.20 points per month breastfed ) ( P = .16 for interaction ) . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results support a causal relationship of breastfeeding duration with receptive language and verbal and nonverbal intelligence later in life
A healthier dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive outcomes in all studies , although some of the reported associations were weak and the measures used varied across the studies .
Conclusions Physical activity and healthy diets in early childhood are associated with better cognitive outcomes  in young children .
Objective Given the high prevalence of suboptimal nutrition and low activity levels in children , we systematic ally review ed the literature on the relationship between physical activity and dietary patterns and cognitive development in early childhood ( six months to five years ) .