Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
The effects of low doses of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. A randomized controlled trial.
The potential antihypertensive effects after prolonged use of small doses of fish oils remain undefined . Therefore , we conducted a r and omized , double-blind , controlled crossover study comparing low doses of n-3 fatty acid supplementation with n-6 fatty acids on blood pressure in 33 subjects with mild hypertension . After a 6-week stabilization period , subjects ingested either 2.04 g/d of n-3 fatty acids or safflower oil ( 4.8 g/d of linoleic acid ) for 12 weeks , then crossed over to the alternative encapsulated oil for another 12 weeks , after a 4-week washout period . All antihypertensive drug therapy had been discontinued . For the combined data , there were significant reductions from pretreatment values for supine diastolic ( -2.4 mm Hg ) and sitting systolic ( -4.1 mm Hg ) blood pressure after fish oil ; no significant changes occurred after safflower oil control . Compared with safflower oil , fish oil supplementation was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mean supine diastolic blood pressure of 3.7 mm Hg ( 95 % confidence interval , -7.3 and 0.1 ) . Sitting diastolic and mean arterial pressures showed a sequence effect ; therefore , only the initial period was used in an analysis of their responses . There were significant decreases from pretreatment values for sitting diastolic ( -4.4 mm Hg ) , mean arterial ( -5.1 mm Hg ) , and systolic ( -6.5 mm Hg ) blood pressure after fish oil . The differences between groups after the 12-week period remained statistically significant for sitting diastolic and sitting mean arterial blood pressures . No adverse changes were noted in plasma levels of lipid-related measures
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .