Conclusions The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular-related events varied with source of funding .
Nevertheless , overall and particularly in trials not funded by the pharmaceutical industry , exogenous testosterone increased the risk of cardiovascular-related events , with corresponding implication s for the use of testosterone therapy
Background Testosterone therapy is increasingly promoted .
No r and omized placebo-controlled trial has been implemented to assess the effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular events , although very high levels of and rogens are thought to promote cardiovascular disease .
Effects of muscle strength training and testosterone in frail elderly males.
PURPOSE Determine the independent and combined effects of progressive resistance muscle strength training ( PRMST ) and testosterone on strength , muscle mass , and function in hypogonadal elderly male recuperative care patients . METHODS Between 1999 and 2004 , 71 subjects ( mean age 78.2 + /- 6.4 yr , 86 % white ) were enrolled . After baseline one-repetition maximum ( 1RM ) strength testing and then r and omization to one of four treatment groups ( low-resistance ( 20 % of the 1RM ) exercises and weekly injections of either 100 mg of testosterone enanthate or placebo or high-intensity PRMST ( > or = 80 % 1RM ) and weekly injections ) , each subject received training and injections for 12 wk . RESULTS Ten subjects withdrew from the study before its completion . Based on intent-to-treat analyses , strength improved in all groups , but was greater with high-intensity PRMST compared with low-resistance exercise ( e.g. , leg press , ( mean + /- SE ) , 28 + /- 4 vs 13 + /- 4 % , P = 0.009 ) . Although testosterone led to significantly greater increases in midthigh cross-sectional muscle area compared with placebo ( 7.9 + /- 1.3 vs 2.4 + /- 1.4 % , P = 0.005 ) , it produced only a nonsignificant trend toward greater strength gains ( e.g. , leg press 25 + /- 4 vs 16 + /- 4 % , P = 0.144 ) . Change in aggregate functional performance score ( the sum of 4 functional performance test scores ) did not differ between the four intervention groups nor with high-intensity PRMST compared with low-resistance exercise ( 7 + /- 5 vs 15 + /- 5 % , P = 0.263 ) . There was not a significant interaction between exercise and testosterone for any outcome . CONCLUSION High-intensity PRMST is as safe and well tolerated as a similarly structured low-resistance exercise regimen for very frail elderly patients , but produces greater muscle strength improvements . The addition of testosterone leads to greater muscle size and a trend toward greater strength but did not produce a synergistic interaction with exercise . Neither intervention had a significant effect on functional performance
Conclusions The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular-related events varied with source of funding .
Nevertheless , overall and particularly in trials not funded by the pharmaceutical industry , exogenous testosterone increased the risk of cardiovascular-related events , with corresponding implication s for the use of testosterone therapy
Background Testosterone therapy is increasingly promoted .
No r and omized placebo-controlled trial has been implemented to assess the effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular events , although very high levels of and rogens are thought to promote cardiovascular disease .