D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Effects of walking training on weight maintenance after a very-low-energy diet in premenopausal obese women: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND Maintenance of weight loss is a core problem in the treatment of obesity . Physical activity may improve maintenance and metabolic risk factors associated with obesity . HYPOTHESES ( 1 ) A walking training program of moderate intensity , started after weight reduction by a very-low-energy diet , improves maintenance of weight loss and obesity-related metabolic disorders ; and ( 2 ) the effect of the training program is related to the prescribed amount of physical activity , ie , a higher amount ( energy expenditure ) leads to more favorable results . METHODS The participants were premenopausal women with a mean body mass index of 34.0 kg/m(2 ) . Eighty-two participants were r and omized to this study ; 74 participated in the follow-up assessment . A 12-week weight reduction by mostly a very-low-energy diet was followed by a 40-week maintenance program r and omized in 3 groups : a control group with no increase in habitual exercise and with counseling on diet and relapse prevention ; a walk-1 group , with a walking program targeted to expend 4.2 MJ/wk and diet counseling ; and a walk-2 group , with a walking program of 8 . 4 MJ/wk and diet counseling . R and om permuted blocks within strata were used , with weight loss ( in 3 classes ) as the stratifying factor . After the intervention , the subjects were followed up for 2 years . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were body weight , fat mass , and waist circumference at the 2-year follow-up . Secondary outcomes were the levels of serum lipoproteins and lipids , plasma glucose , insulin , and blood pressure . RESULTS The mean weight loss after weight reduction was 13.1 kg . The main outcome variables remained stable during the maintenance program , but increased during the follow-up period . Compared with the end of weight reduction , weight regain at the 2-year follow-up was 3.5 kg less ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.2 - 6.8 ) and waist circumference regain 3.8 cm less ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.3 - 7.3 ) in the walk-1 group vs controls . The secondary outcomes showed a partial relapse during the maintenance program , and a further regain during the follow-up period . CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of a walking program of moderate training regimen into a weight maintenance program improved maintenance of losses in weight and waist circumference
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .