The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
Experimental and clinical studies on the reduction of erythrocyte sorbitol-glucose ratios by ascorbic acid in diabetes mellitus.
In order to confirm the effect of ascorbic acid ( AA ) on human erythrocyte sorbitol accumulation  and explore its mechanism of action , the effects of ascorbic acid in vitro on the sorbitol ( S ) and glucose ( EG ) content of human erythrocytes and in particular on the S/EG ratio as a marker of aldose reductase ( AR ) activity were carefully observed . The results showed that both the accumulation of erythrocyte sorbitol and the S/EG ratio were strongly reduced by the addition of AA . The sorbitol content in the erythrocyte and the S/EG ratio were reduced by a maximum of 87.3 % and 83.4 % and 93.8 % and 63.9 % when the medium 's AA concentration was at its peak with 5.6 mmol/l and 28 mmol/l glucose in the medium , respectively . The contents of erythrocyte glucose measured coincidentally revealed a positive correlation with the ascorbic acid concentration in the medium during incubation in 5.6 mmol/l glucose while at a higher glucose level ( 28 mmol/l ) in the medium the correlation became negative . These results suggested that the polyol pathway could be inhibited effectively by AA through its direct action on AR . The results of a double-blind cross-over trial using AA tablets or inositol tablets in eight diabetic patients showed that the supplementation of 1000 mg AA/day for 2 weeks result ed in reductions of 12.2 % and 21.8 % in erythrocyte sorbitol and red cell sorbitol/plasma glucose ( S/PG ) ratio , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas the fasting plasma glucose levels measured coincidentally revealed no changes ( P > 0.05 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .