Perioperative risk factors were inconsistently associated with developmental outcomes .
INTERPRETATION The literature on children undergoing surgery in early infancy suggests that infants with a single ventricle are at highest risk of adverse developmental outcomes .
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) are at increased risk of impaired developmental outcome .
Children with single-ventricle CHD have worse outcomes than children with two-ventricle CHD .
Children with two-ventricle CHD gradually grow out of their initial developmental impairment .
Perioperative factors are inconsistently associated with outcome
AIM ( 1 ) To systematic ally review the literature on developmental outcomes from infancy to adolescence of children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) who underwent early surgery ; ( 2 ) to run a meta-regression analysis on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development , Second Edition Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index ( PDI ) of infants up to 24 months and IQs of preschool-aged children to adolescents ; ( 3 ) to assess associations between perioperative risk factors and outcomes .
Early developmental influences on self-esteem trajectories from adolescence through adulthood: Impact of birth weight and motor skills.
While the trajectory of self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood varies from person to person , little research has examined how differences in early developmental processes might affect these pathways . This study examined how early motor skill development interacted with preterm birth status to predict self-esteem from adolescence through the early 30s . We addressed this using the oldest known , prospect ively followed cohort of extremely low birth weight ( < 1000 g ) survivors ( N = 179 ) and normal birth weight controls ( N = 145 ) in the world , born between 1977 and 1982 .  Motor skills were measured using a  performance-based assessment at age 8 and a retrospective self-report  , and self-esteem was reported during three follow-up periods ( age 12 - 16 , age 22 - 26 , and age 29 - 36 ) . We found that birth weight status moderated the association between early motor skills and self-esteem . Stable over three decades , the self-esteem of normal birth weight participants was sensitive to early motor skills such that those with poorer motor functioning manifested lower self-esteem , while those with better motor skills manifested higher self-esteem . Conversely , differences in motor skill development did not affect the self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood in individuals born at extremely low birth weight . Early motor skill development may exert differential effects on self-esteem , depending on whether one is born at term or prematurely
Perioperative risk factors were inconsistently associated with developmental outcomes .
INTERPRETATION The literature on children undergoing surgery in early infancy suggests that infants with a single ventricle are at highest risk of adverse developmental outcomes .
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) are at increased risk of impaired developmental outcome .
Children with single-ventricle CHD have worse outcomes than children with two-ventricle CHD .
Children with two-ventricle CHD gradually grow out of their initial developmental impairment .
Perioperative factors are inconsistently associated with outcome
AIM ( 1 ) To systematic ally review the literature on developmental outcomes from infancy to adolescence of children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) who underwent early surgery ; ( 2 ) to run a meta-regression analysis on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development , Second Edition Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index ( PDI ) of infants up to 24 months and IQs of preschool-aged children to adolescents ; ( 3 ) to assess associations between perioperative risk factors and outcomes .