AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Risk factors for surgical site infections in neurosurgery patients with antibiotic prophylaxis.
BACKGROUND This prospect i ve study aim ed to determine the spectrum and the main risk factors of surgical site infection ( SSI )  after neurosurgical procedures in our clinic . METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing neurosurgery between November 1 , 2001 , and November 1 , 2002 , were recruited for the study . All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 weeks postoperatively and all SSIs were recorded . The complete medical records of each case were review ed , and data on 14 possible risk factors were extracted . Statistical analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for SSIs . RESULTS A total of 31 postoperative SSIs were identified among 503 cases included in the study , with a result ing overall infection rate of 6.2 % . The risk of SSI was increased by age ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.1 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.0 - 1.1 ; P = .039 ) , operation type such as " shunt operations " ( OR , 670.4 ; 95 % CI , 2.6 - 171123.1 ; P = .021 ) , presence of foreign body ( OR , 141.0 ; 95 % CI , 2.5 - 7925.9 ; P = .016 ) , presence of diabetes mellitus ( OR , 24.3 ; 95 % CI , 2.1 - 284.9 ; P = .011 ) , and intracranial pressure monitoring ( OR , 4878.9 ; 95 % CI , 23.8 - 1001229 ; P = .002 ) . The predominantly isolated microorganisms in patients with SSIs were Staphylococcus aureus ( 22 [ 71.0 % ] ) , Acinetobacter baumanii ( 5 [ 16.1 % ] ) , and Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 4 [ 12.9 % ] ) . CONCLUSIONS SSIs remain an important problem in neurosurgery . Identification of the risk factors for SSI will help physicians to improve patient care and may decrease mortality , morbidity , and health care costs of neurosurgery patients
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .