This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Clonidine premedication prevents sympathetic hyperactivity but does not prevent hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Abstract Purpose . The effects of oral administration of clonidine on sympathetic and endocrinological responses were investigated in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy . Methods . Twenty adult patients were allocated r and omly to the clonidine group ( n = 10 ) or the control group ( n = 10 ) . The control and clonidine groups received placebo on clonidine 4μg·kg−1 orally 2 h before the induction of anesthesia . All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under isoflurane anesthesia . The hemodynamic variables were observed perioperatively . Plasma concentrations of cortisol , ACTH , noradrenaline , adrenaline , and dopamine were determined before administration of clonidine or placebo , 2 h after the beginning of the operation , and 3 h after the end of the operation . Results . Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in the clonidine group than in the control group immediately after endotracheal intubation and extubation ( P < 0.05 ) . Patients in the clonidine group showed lower plasma concentrations of noradrenaline 2 h after the beginning of the operation than patients in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . However , the plasma concentrations of the other hormones did not differ between groups . Conclusion . Clonidine premedication prevents sympathetic hyperactivity but does not suppress hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .