All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
A comparison of warmed and room-temperature anesthetic for local anesthesia in children.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess children 's reactions and record their sensations while receiving a warmed local anesthetic solution for dental procedures ( 37 degrees C ; W ) compared with one at room temperature ( 21 degrees C ; RT ) . METHODS Forty-four children between the ages of 6 to 11 ( mean age = 7.9 + /- 2.2 years ) who were undergoing dental treatment participated in the study . A r and om crossover design was used . Each patient was r and omly assigned to receive either a W or a RT local anesthesia on the first visit and the alternate local anesthesia on the second visit . During the injection , the modified Behavioral Pain Scale ( BPS ) was used . For subjective evaluation , the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale ( FPS ) and the Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) were used . RESULTS No significant difference was found between the W or RT local anesthesia when used during the first or second visit . In all parameters , children 's reactions to both types of injection were similar , with no statistically significant difference . Using the FPS , 19 boys ( 91 % ) ranked the experience of local anesthesia as a positive experience ( 0 to 2 in the scale ) while 4 boys ( 9 % ) ranked the same experience as negative . This was true for both types ( W and RT ) . All 21 girls who participated in the study ranked the local anesthesia experience using the FPS as a positive experience ( 0 to 2 in the scale ) . No significant difference was found in the mean VAS scores between the room-temperature group and the warm group ( 23.4 + /- 21.8 and 20.8 + /- 18.9 , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS There is no advantage to warming local anesthetic solution prior to injection
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .