Conclusions The results of this systematic review suggested that NiTi rotary instruments were associated with lower canal transportation and apical extrusion when compared to SST h and files , whereas both groups had similar outcomes in terms of success of therapy , amount of residual bacteria , and cleansing ability after treatment .
Introduction This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of  nickel‐titanium ( NiTi ) rotary files compared to stainless‐steel ( SST ) h and files .
Smear Layer Evaluation on Root Canal Preparation with Manual and Rotary Techniques using EDTA as an Irrigant: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.
INTRODUCTION The aim of any root canal treatment is to achieve a canal free of micro organisms , residual pulp remnants , debris and smear layer for the long term success of the procedure . Manual and automated instrumentation techniques along with proper irrigation regime is used to arrive at the aforementioned goal . Many authors focused on the preparation capabilities of various manual and rotary instruments but very few investigators stressed on the actual cleaning abilities of these instruments . AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to evaluate the cleaning efficiency of manual K flex files and rotary Pro File systems in the root canals using a scanning electron microscope . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty single rooted m and ibular first premolars were divided into two groups and r and omized ( the manual group-M and the ProFile group-P ) with respect to the preparation technique . The Manual group was h and instrumented with stainless steel K- Flexofiles by means of a conventional filing technique . The Pro File group was instrumented according to the manufacturer 's instructions using a rotary h and piece . All canals were shaped and cleaned under frequent irrigation with EDTA . Final irrigation was carried out with 3 mL of normal saline solution to neutralize the action of the irrigant . The roots were split , one half of each tooth was selected for further SEM technique analysis and examined under the scanning electron microscope . The canal walls were quantitatively evaluated for the amount of debris and smear layer . The apical , middle and coronal regions of the canal surface , were grade d ( 1 - 5 ) for debris and smear layer . A statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test . ProFile performed least effective cleaning . Manual K-Flexofiles led to a grooved pattern . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A statistically significant difference was observed ( p<0.05 ) between the two instrumentation techniques concerning the amount of debris and smear layer at the apical level . The manually filed canals had less debris and smear layer than those using a rotary technique . It was concluded from this study that none of the instrumentation techniques employed , produced the canal walls which were free of surface debris and smear layer . The manual instrumentation technique was better in cleaning the canals compared to the ProFile rotary Ni-Ti instruments despite the step-back technique used for manual instrumentation . How to cite this article : Manjunatha M , Kini A , Sudhakar V , Sunil K V C , Hiremath V K , Shah A. Smear Layer Evaluation on Root Canal Preparation with Manual and Rotary Techniques using EDTA as an Irrigant : A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study . J Int Oral Health 2013 ; 5(1):66 - 78
Conclusions The results of this systematic review suggested that NiTi rotary instruments were associated with lower canal transportation and apical extrusion when compared to SST h and files , whereas both groups had similar outcomes in terms of success of therapy , amount of residual bacteria , and cleansing ability after treatment .
Introduction This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of  nickel‐titanium ( NiTi ) rotary files compared to stainless‐steel ( SST ) h and files .