Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following vitamin D supplementation
Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) patients were r and omized , in a double blind design , and placed into either a vitamin D supplemented group or a placebo control group . As expected , serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased significantly following 6 month vitamin D supplementation ( 17+/-6 ng/ml at baseline to 28+/-8 ng/ml at 6 months ) . Vitamin D supplementation also significantly increased serum transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 levels from 230+/-21 pg/ml at baseline to 295+/-40 pg/ml 6 months later . Placebo treatment had no effect on serum TGF-beta 1 levels . Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , interferon (IFN)-gamma , and interleukin (IL)-13 were not different following vitamin D supplementation . IL-2 mRNA levels decreased following vitamin D supplementation but the differences did not reach significance . Vitamin D supplementation of MS patients for 6 months was associated with increased vitamin D status and serum TGF-beta 1
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .