Bariatric surgery  significantly lowered inflammatory factors ; however , baseline BMI , follow-up duration and type of surgery could impact the extent of observed effects
Obesity is one of the main causes of inflammation .
Previous studies have reported inconclusive results regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory markers .
This systematic review and meta- analysis is aim ed at describing the effect of bariatric surgery on C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) .
Reduction in Inflammatory Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle from Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Patients Randomized to Omentectomy
Objectives To examine the effects of  Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) surgery with and without laparoscopic removal of omental fat ( omentectomy )  on the temporal gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle . Design Previously reported were the whole-body metabolic effects of a r and omized , single-blinded study in patients receiving RYGB surgery stratified to receive or not receive omentectomy .  In this follow up study we report on changes in skeletal muscle gene expression in a subset of 21 patients , for whom biopsies were collected preoperatively and at either 6 months or 12 months postoperatively . Methodology /Principal Findings RNA isolated from skeletal muscle biopsies of 21 subjects ( 8 without omentectomy and 13 with omentectomy )  taken before RYGB or at 6 and 12 months postoperatively were subjected to gene expression profiling via Exon 1.0 S/T Array and Taqman Low Density Array . Robust Multichip Analysis and gene enrichment data analysis revealed 84 genes with at least a 4-fold expression difference after surgery . At 6 and 12 months the RYGB with omentectomy group displayed a greater reduction in the expression of genes associated with skeletal muscle inflammation ( ANKRD1 , CDR1 , CH25H , CXCL2 , CX3CR1 , IL8 , LBP , NFIL3 , SELE , SOCS3 , TNFAIP3 , and ZFP36 ) relative to the RYGB non-omentectomy group . Expressions of IL6 and CCL2 were decreased at all postoperative time points . There was differential expression of genes driving protein turnover ( IGFN1 , FBXW10 ) in both groups over time and increased expression of PAAF1 in the non-omentectomy group at 12 months . Evidence for the activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells was inferred from the up-regulation of HOXC10 . The elevated post-operative expression of 22 small nucleolar RNAs and the decreased expression of the transcription factors JUNB , FOS , FOSB , ATF3 MYC , EGR1 as well as the orphan nuclear receptors NR4A1 , NR4A2 , NR4A3 suggest dramatic reorganizations at both the cellular and genetic levels . Conclusions / Significance These data indicate that RYGB reduces skeletal muscle inflammation , and removal of omental fat further amplifies this response . Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov
Bariatric surgery  significantly lowered inflammatory factors ; however , baseline BMI , follow-up duration and type of surgery could impact the extent of observed effects
Obesity is one of the main causes of inflammation .
Previous studies have reported inconclusive results regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory markers .
This systematic review and meta- analysis is aim ed at describing the effect of bariatric surgery on C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) .