Finally , muscle power testing was found to be safe in older people with a broad range of health and functional states
Background Muscle power has been proposed to be the primary therapeutic target for resistance training interventions aim ed at enhancing physical function in older adults .
However , no recommendations exist on ideal testing protocol s to assess muscle power in older adults , and the safety of this procedure has not been adequately evaluated in the literature .
Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies evaluating muscle power exerted by older people in resistance exercises through May 2017 .
Gait Speed and Decline in Gait Speed as Predictors of Incident Dementia
Background Slow gait is common in dementia , but it remains unknown whether the slowing happens many years prior to dementia onset . We therefore examined the relationship between slow baseline gait speed ( GS ) , change in GS , and the hazard of incident dementia  in a community dwelling of elderly people . Methods A total of 3,663 participants dementia-free at baseline ( mean age , 73.5 years ) were followed up for 9 years from a prospect i ve cohort ( Three-City study , France ) for incident dementia ( all-cause , Alzheimer 's disease , vascular dementia , and other causes ) .  GS  over 6 m was assessed 4 times over the follow-up using two photoelectric cells . We used a multistate model to estimate the hazard ratio ( HR ) of dementia for baseline GS and tested a washout period of 4 to 7 years . The role of GS change between 65 and 85 years was examined using linear mixed models and joint models for survival and longitudinal data . Results A total of 296 participants developed dementia  during the follow-up . In age/sex-adjusted models , 1-SD ( 0.204 m/s ) lower GS was associated with an increased hazard of dementia ( HR = 1.59 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 1.39 , 1.81 , p < .001 ) , with associations evident when gait assessment s were taken from 4 years ( HR = 1.46 ; CI = 1.26 , 1.68 ) and 7 years ( HR=1.30 ; CI = 1.00 , 1.70 ) prior to dementia onset . Independently of baseline GS , those with a steeper decline had a higher hazard of dementia ( HR per 1 SD [ 0.007 m/s/year ] decrease = 3.39 [ 1.37 - 8.43 ] , p = .009 ) . Conclusions Gait is slower up to 7 years prior to clinical onset of dementia . Decline in GS is also more accelerated , suggesting strong links between cognitive and motor function in older adults
Finally , muscle power testing was found to be safe in older people with a broad range of health and functional states
Background Muscle power has been proposed to be the primary therapeutic target for resistance training interventions aim ed at enhancing physical function in older adults .
However , no recommendations exist on ideal testing protocol s to assess muscle power in older adults , and the safety of this procedure has not been adequately evaluated in the literature .
Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies evaluating muscle power exerted by older people in resistance exercises through May 2017 .