RESULTS Non-diet interventions result ed in statistically significant improvements in disordered eating patterns , self-esteem , and depression .
OBJECTIVE To determine the overall effect of non-diet , weight-neutral interventions on factors such as weight , biochemical measures , food and activity behavior , body image , and mental health .
Health-At-Every-Size and eating behaviors: 1-year follow-up results of a size acceptance intervention.
BACKGROUND Poor long-term success observed with current weight-control strategies stresses the relevance to explore new weight management approaches . OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of a Health-At-Every-Size ( HAES ) intervention on  eating behaviors , appetite sensations , metabolic and anthropometric variables , and physical activity levels  in women at 6-month and 1-year postintervention . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial ; measurements at baseline , at the end of the intervention period ( 4 months ) , and at 6-month and 1-year postintervention ( 10 months and 16 months , respectively ) . Intervention and testing took place from September 2003 to August 2006 . PARTICIPANTS / SETTING Premenopausal overweight/obese women ( n=144 ; mean age of 42.3+/-5.6 years ) , recruited from free-living , general community . INTERVENTION Women were r and omly assigned to : HAES group ( n=48 ) , social support group ( n=48 ) , or control group ( n=48 ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Eating behaviors ( restraint , disinhibition , and susceptibility to hunger ) , appetite ratings ( desire to eat , hunger , fullness , and prospect i ve food consumption ) , anthropometric and metabolic variables ( body mass index , waist and hip circumferences , blood lipid levels , and blood pressure ) , and engagement in moderate to intense physical activity ( energy cost > or = 1.2 k cal x kg(-1 ) x 15 minutes(-1 ) [ > or = 4.8 metabolic equivalents ] ) . STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Changes for each dependent variable were assessed by linear mixed models according to a group ( HAES vs social support vs control ) by time ( baseline vs 4 months vs 10 months vs 16 months ) split-plot design . RESULTS Situational susceptibility to disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger significantly decreased over time in both HAES group ( -0.9+/-0.2 and -1.3+/-0.5 , respectively ) and the social support group ( -0.4+/- 0.2 and -1.4+/-0.5 , respectively ) . Although eating behavior scores observed at 16 months did not differ between HAES and social support groups ( situational susceptibility to disinhibition : 2.5+/-0.2 in HAES group vs 2.7 + /- 0.2 in social support group ; susceptibility to hunger : 4.2+/-0.5 in both groups ) , they were lower in these groups than scores noted in the control group ( 3.3+/-0.2 for situational susceptibility to disinhibition and 5.9+/-0.5 for susceptibility to hunger ) . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that , when compared to a control group , an HAES approach could have long-term beneficial effects on eating behaviors related to disinhibition and hunger . In addition , our study did not show distinctive effects of the HAES approach in comparison to a social support intervention
RESULTS Non-diet interventions result ed in statistically significant improvements in disordered eating patterns , self-esteem , and depression .
OBJECTIVE To determine the overall effect of non-diet , weight-neutral interventions on factors such as weight , biochemical measures , food and activity behavior , body image , and mental health .