Conclusions Large r and omized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with low-fat diets .
Context Carbohydrate-restricted diets may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk .
Objective A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of very low , low , and moderate carbohydrate , higher fat diets versus high-carbohydrate , low-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid markers in overweight/obese adults .
Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses.
BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate , ketogenic diets ( LCKD ) are effective for weight loss , but concerns remain regarding cardiovascular risk . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an LCKD program on serum lipoprotein subclasses . METHODS This was a r and omized , two-arm clinical trial in an outpatient research clinic involving overweight , hyperlipidemic community volunteers motivated to lose weight . Subjects were r and omized to either an LCKD ( n = 59 ) and nutritional supplementation ( including fish , borage and flaxseed oil ) , or a low-fat , reduced-calorie diet ( LFD , n = 60 ) . The main outcomes were fasting serum lipoprotein subclasses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis . RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 44.9 years , the mean BMI was 34.4 kg/m(2 ) , and 76 % were women . Comparing baseline to 6 months , the LCKD group had significant changes in large VLDL ( -78 % ) , medium VLDL ( -60 % ) , small VLDL ( -57 % ) , LDL particle size ( + 2 % ) , large LDL ( + 54 % ) , medium LDL ( -42 % ) , small LDL ( -78 % ) , HDL particle size ( + 5 % ) , large HDL ( + 21 % ) , and LDL particle concentration ( -11 % ) . Compared with the LFD group , the LCKD group had greater reductions in medium VLDL ( p = 0.01 ) , small VLDL ( p = 0.01 ) and medium LDL ( p = 0.02 ) , and greater increases in VLDL particle size ( p = 0.01 ) , large LDL ( p = 0.004 ) , and HDL particle size ( p = 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The LCKD with nutritional supplementation led to beneficial changes in serum lipid subclasses during weight loss . While the LCKD did not lower total LDL cholesterol , it did result in a shift from small , dense LDL to large , buoyant LDL , which could lower cardiovascular disease risk
Conclusions Large r and omized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with low-fat diets .
Context Carbohydrate-restricted diets may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk .
Objective A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of very low , low , and moderate carbohydrate , higher fat diets versus high-carbohydrate , low-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid markers in overweight/obese adults .