In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .
B vitamin and/or ω-3 fatty acid supplementation and cancer: ancillary findings from the supplementation with folate, vitamins B6 and B12, and/or omega-3 fatty acids (SU.FOL.OM3) randomized trial.
BACKGROUND To advance knowledge about the cancer-chemopreventive potential of individual nutrients , we investigated the effects of B vitamin and /or ω-3 fatty acid supplements on cancer outcomes among survivors of cardiovascular disease . METHODS This was an ancillary study of the Supplementation With Folate , Vitamins B(6 ) and B(12 ) and /or Omega-3 Fatty Acids ( SU.FOL.OM3 ) secondary prevention trial ( 2003 - 2009 ) . In all , 2501 individuals aged 45 to 80 years were r and omized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to one of the following 4 daily supplementation groups : ( 1 ) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate ( 0.56 mg ) , pyridoxine hydrochloride ( vitamin B(6 ) ; 3 mg ) and cyanocobalamin ( vitamin B(12 ) ; 0.02 mg ) ; ( 2 ) eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid ( 600 mg ) in a 2:1 ratio ; ( 3 ) B vitamins and ω-3 fatty acids ; or ( 4 ) placebo .  Overall and sex-specific hazard ratios ( HRs ) and 95 % CIs regarding the cancer outcomes were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models . RESULTS After 5 years of supplementation , incident cancer was vali date d in 7.0 % of the sample ( 145 events in men and 29 in women ) , and death from cancer occurred in 2.3 % of the sample . There was no association between cancer outcomes and supplementation with B vitamins ( HR , 1.15 [ 95 % CI , 0.85 - 1.55 ] ) and /or ω-3 fatty acids ( HR , 1.17 [ 95 % CI , 0.87 - 1.58 ] ) . There was a statistically significant interaction of treatment by sex , with no effect of treatment on cancer risk among men and increased cancer risk among women for ω-3 fatty acid supplementation ( HR , 3.02 [ 95 % CI , 1.33 - 6.89 ] ) . CONCLUSION We found no beneficial effects of supplementation with relatively low doses of B vitamins and /or ω-3 fatty acids on cancer outcomes in individuals with prior cardiovascular disease . Trial Registration is rct n.org Identifier : IS RCT N41926726
In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .