Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation showed no influence on the improvement of sputum smear-negative conversion rates and BMI , as well as the decrease in ESR
Background Vitamin D might be promising to serve as an adjunctive therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB ) .
However , the results remained controversial .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in patients with pulmonary TB .
Vitamin D status and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37) concentrations in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency is common in industrialized and developing nations . Recent studies have shown that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with a higher risk of active tuberculosis .  Laboratory studies provided a mechanism for this link on the basis of findings that vitamin D metabolites regulate the expression of cathelicidin ( LL-37 ) , which is an endogenous antimicrobial peptide with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Little information is available on the clinical relation between vitamin D , LL-37 concentrations , and disease severity in patients with tuberculosis . OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between vitamin D nutriture , serum LL-37 concentrations , and tuberculosis by using sample s stored in the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium serum repository . DESIGN We measured  25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] and LL-37 concentrations  in 95 serum specimens from patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and correlated these concentrations to clinical and demographic variables . RESULTS The prevalence of  vitamin D insufficiency [ serum 25(OH)D concentration lt 30 ng/mL ] in patients with active tuberculosis was 86 % ( n = 95 ) with a mean baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration of 20.4 ng/mL. Factors associated with vitamin D insufficiency were black race and indoor lifestyle . The mean ( plusmn SD ) baseline LL-37 concentration was 49.5 plusmn 23.8 ng/mL. Higher LL-37 concentrations correlated with acid fast bacilli sputum smear positivity and weight gt 10 % below ideal body weight . Serum vitamin D status of the study subjects did not correlate with serum LL-37 concentrations . CONCLUSION More prospect ively design ed studies are needed to evaluate the clinical implication s of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with tuberculosis and the utility of circulating LL-37 as a potential biomarker in patients with active tuberculosis disease . The parent trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00023335
Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation showed no influence on the improvement of sputum smear-negative conversion rates and BMI , as well as the decrease in ESR
Background Vitamin D might be promising to serve as an adjunctive therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB ) .
However , the results remained controversial .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in patients with pulmonary TB .