Conclusion : There is insufficient evidence for diagnostic accuracy within kinesiology , the validity of muscle response and the effectiveness of kinesiology for any condition .
Introduction : Kinesiology is a diagnostic , therapeutic complementary therapy utilising subtle change in manual muscle testing results to evaluate the body ’s energetic balance and select healing modalities .
Anecdotal evidence suggests kinesiology is helpful , therefore we wished to critically review the literature .
Aims : ( 1 ) To ascertain if diagnostic accuracy including inter-examiner reliability has been established . (
2 ) To review whether there is evidence for its therapeutic effectiveness . (
3 ) To critically assess the quality of relevant studies .
A preliminary inquiry into manual muscle testing response in phobic and control subjects exposed to threatening stimuli.
OBJECTIVE To determine phobic and nonphobic subject response to a provocative threat stimulus and to determine variables that confound the response . DESIGN R and omized blind examiner test-retest of r and omized phobic and control subjects with qualitative , semistructured , informal postint-ervention interview . SETTING Private chiropractic clinic . SUBJECTS Thirteen phobic individuals , as determined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Third Edition-Revised ( DSM-III-R ) , and 14 control volunteer subjects . INTERVENTION Manual muscle testing  was performed while each subject viewed a threat stimulus ( i.e. , a cue word on a printed card ) . The results were recorded as " weak " or " strong . " RESULTS The analysis of data demonstrates poor inter- ( K = -0.19 ) and intraexaminer reliability ( K = -0.14(- ) + 0.29 ) the test for independence for valid muscle testing was strong for both examiners ( p = .462 , p = 1.00 ) . When confounding variables were corrected for , the validity of muscle testing increased to 91 % . CONCLUSION This preliminary inquiry demonstrates the need for musculoskeletal , attentional and presensitized subject variables to be controlled to ascertain if muscle testing can be reliably used as a tool to identify emotional arousal
Conclusion : There is insufficient evidence for diagnostic accuracy within kinesiology , the validity of muscle response and the effectiveness of kinesiology for any condition .
Introduction : Kinesiology is a diagnostic , therapeutic complementary therapy utilising subtle change in manual muscle testing results to evaluate the body ’s energetic balance and select healing modalities .
Anecdotal evidence suggests kinesiology is helpful , therefore we wished to critically review the literature .
Aims : ( 1 ) To ascertain if diagnostic accuracy including inter-examiner reliability has been established . (
2 ) To review whether there is evidence for its therapeutic effectiveness . (
3 ) To critically assess the quality of relevant studies .