Conclusions Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including , hs-CRP , TNF-a , IL-6 , IL-12 , and IL-4 , but it did not influence IL-1B , IL-8 , IFN-g , and IL-17 concentrations .
A significant increase in serum concentrations of IL-10 , as a anti-inflammatory cytokine was also documented after probiotic supplementation
Purpose No study has summarized earlier findings on the effect of probiotic supplementation on  inflammatory biomarkers .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was conducted to systematic ally review the available placebo-controlled clinical trials about the effect of probiotic supplementation  on several inflammatory biomarkers in adults .
Probiotic supplementation improves inflammatory status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the gut microbiota is altered . Probiotics are microorganisms that can normalize gut microbiota ; thus , they may help to alleviate RA symptoms . The objective of the present clinical trial was to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in patients with RA . METHODS Forty-six patients with RA were assigned into two groups in this r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . The patients in the probiotic group received a daily capsule that contained a minimum of 10(8 ) colony-forming units of Lactobacillus casei 01 for 8 wk . The placebo group took capsules filled with maltodextrin for the same time period . Question naires , anthropometric measurements , and fasting blood sample s were collected , and the participants were assessed by a rheumatologist at baseline and at the end of the trial . RESULTS Disease activity score was significantly decreased by the intervention , and there was a significant difference between the two groups at the end of the study ( P < 0.01 ) . Three of the assessed serum proinflammatory cytokines ( tumor necrosis factor-α , interleukin-6 , and interleukin-12 ) significantly decreased in the probiotic group ( P < 0.05 ) ; however , serum levels of interleukin-1 β were not significantly affected by the probiotic ( P = 0.22 ) . The serum level of regulatory cytokine ( interleukin-10 ) was increased by the supplementation ( P < 0.05 ) . The proportion of interleukin-10 to interleukin-12 was significantly increased in the probiotic group as well . CONCLUSIONS L. casei 01 supplementation improved the disease activity and inflammatory status of patients with RA . Further studies are warranted to confirm these results , and such confirmation may lead to the introduction of probiotics as adjunctive therapy for this population
Conclusions Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including , hs-CRP , TNF-a , IL-6 , IL-12 , and IL-4 , but it did not influence IL-1B , IL-8 , IFN-g , and IL-17 concentrations .
A significant increase in serum concentrations of IL-10 , as a anti-inflammatory cytokine was also documented after probiotic supplementation
Purpose No study has summarized earlier findings on the effect of probiotic supplementation on  inflammatory biomarkers .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was conducted to systematic ally review the available placebo-controlled clinical trials about the effect of probiotic supplementation  on several inflammatory biomarkers in adults .