Treatment effects on apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were not observed .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that dietary pulse intake significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels .
BACKGROUND Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses ( beans , chickpeas , lentils and peas ) as a method of improving dyslipidemia , but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have grade d the beneficial evidence as low .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction .
Legume-, fish-, or high-protein-based hypocaloric diets: effects on weight loss and mitochondrial oxidation in obese men.
The nutritional composition of dietary intake could produce specific effects on metabolic variables such as mitochondrial oxidation , whose underst and ing could contribute to apply more individualized weight-lowering strategies . This study assessed the effects of four hypocaloric diets with high protein content or different food distribution on metabolic changes and mitochondrial oxidation accompanying weight loss . Thirty-five obese men ( body mass index of 31.8 + /- 3.0 kg/m(2 ) and 38 + /- 7 years old ) were r and omly assigned to one of the four treatments ( 8 weeks ) : control diet ( C-diet ) ; legume diet ( L-diet ) ; fatty fish diet ( FF-diet ) ; or high-protein diet ( HP-diet ) .  Body composition , blood pressure , resting energy expenditure , mitochondrial oxidation , blood biomarkers , and dietary intake were assessed . The HP-diet and L-diet achieved the greater body weight reduction ( -8.4 + /- 1.2 % and -8.3 + /- 2.9 % , respectively ) , as compared to the C-diet ( -5.5 + /- 2.5 % ; P = .042 ) . The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were reduced in all dietary groups except for the FF-diet .  Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly improved by the L-diet ( P < .05 ) , while the homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance value was significantly reduced in those men following the HP-diet .  Mitochondrial oxidation was specifically activated by the HP-diet and L-diet at the end of the study . Interestingly , a lineal regression model explained about 25 % ( P = .029 ) of the mitochondrial oxidation variability as influenced by the diet changes once adjusted by resting energy expenditure . The specific consumption of legumes or high protein content within a hypocaloric diet could activate mitochondrial oxidation , which could involve additional benefits to those associated with the weight reduction
Treatment effects on apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were not observed .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that dietary pulse intake significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels .
BACKGROUND Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses ( beans , chickpeas , lentils and peas ) as a method of improving dyslipidemia , but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have grade d the beneficial evidence as low .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction .