Nurses only and multidisciplinary teams were the most frequent professionals to provide education , and most educational interventions were delivered postdischarge .
Psychoeducational interventions were generally effective at reducing smoking and admissions for patients with ACS .
Culturally appropriate health education , self-management educational interventions , group medical visits and psychoeducational interventions were generally effective for patients with T2DM .
Results indicate that there is a body of current evidence about the efficacy of health education , its content and delivery methods for patients with ACS or T2DM .
OBJECTIVES This umbrella review aim ed to identify the current evidence on health education-related interventions for patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) or type two diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) ; identify the educational content , delivery methods , intensity , duration and setting required .
The purpose was to provide recommendations for educational interventions for high-risk patients with both ACS and T2DM .
Effects of adding exercise to a 16-week very low-calorie diet in obese, insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
CONTEXT Reduction of 50 % excess body weight , using a very low-calorie diet ( VLCD ; 450 kcal/d ) improves insulin sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate whether adding exercise to the VLCD has additional benefits . DESIGN This was a r and omized intervention study . SETTING The study was conducted at a clinical research center in an academic medical center . SUBJECTS Twenty-seven obese [ body mass index 37.2 ± 0.9 kg/m(2 ) ( mean ± sem ) ] insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients . INTERVENTION Patients followed a 16-wk VLCD . Thirteen of them simultaneously participated in an exercise program ( E ) consisting of 1-h , in-hospital training and four 30-min training sessions on a cycloergometer weekly . OUTCOME MEASURES Insulin resistance was measured by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp . Insulin signaling , mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) content , and intramyocellular lipid content was measured in skeletal muscle biopsies . RESULTS Baseline characteristics were identical in both groups . Substantial weight loss occurred ( -23.7 ± 1.7 kg VLCD-only vs. -27.2 ± 1.9 kg VLCD+E , P = NS within groups ) . The exercise group lost more fat mass . Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal increased similarly in both study groups [ 15.0 ± 0.9 to 39.2 ± 4.7 μmol/min(-1 ) · kg lean body mass ( LBM(-1 ) ) VLCD-only vs. 17.0 ± 1.0 to 37.5 ± 3.5 μmol/min(-1 ) · kg LBM(-1 ) in VLCD+E ] , as did phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B/AKT insulin signaling pathway . In contrast , skeletal muscle mtDNA content increased only in the VLCD+E group ( 1211 ± 185 to 2288 ± 358 , arbitrary units , P = 0.016 vs. 1397 ± 240 to 1196 ± 179 , P = NS , VLCD-only group ) . Maximum aerobic capacity also only increased significantly in the VLCD+E group ( + 6.6 ± 1.7 ml/min(-1 ) · kg LBM(-1 ) vs. + 0.7 ± 1.5 ml/min(-1 ) · kg LBM(-1 ) VLCD-only , P = 0.017 ) . CONCLUSION Addition of exercise to a 16-wk VLCD induces more fat loss . Exercise augments maximum aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mtDNA content . These changes are , however , not reflected in a higher insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate
Nurses only and multidisciplinary teams were the most frequent professionals to provide education , and most educational interventions were delivered postdischarge .
Psychoeducational interventions were generally effective at reducing smoking and admissions for patients with ACS .
Culturally appropriate health education , self-management educational interventions , group medical visits and psychoeducational interventions were generally effective for patients with T2DM .
Results indicate that there is a body of current evidence about the efficacy of health education , its content and delivery methods for patients with ACS or T2DM .
OBJECTIVES This umbrella review aim ed to identify the current evidence on health education-related interventions for patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) or type two diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) ; identify the educational content , delivery methods , intensity , duration and setting required .
The purpose was to provide recommendations for educational interventions for high-risk patients with both ACS and T2DM .