Results The FreKAQ-J had acceptable internal consistency , unidimensionality , good test-retest reliability , and was functional on the category rating scale .
The FreKAQ-J was significantly correlated with pain in motion , disability , pain-related catastrophizing , fear of movement , and anxiety symptomatology .
Conclusions We developed FreKAQ-J by modifying the FreBAQ-J. The FreKAQ-J fits the Rasch measurement model well and is suitable for use in people with knee OA .
Background Recent systematic review s have demonstrated that pain associated with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) is a complex phenomenon that involves various contributors .
People with knee OA exhibit symptoms of impaired body-perception , including reduced tactile acuity , impairments in limb laterality recognition , and de grade d proprioceptive acuity .
The Fremantle Back Awareness Question naire ( FreBAQ ) was developed to assess body-perception specific to the back in people with chronic low back pain .
The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a knee-specific version of the FreBAQ-J ( FreKAQ-J ) , determine whether people with knee pain experience perceptual impairments and investigate the relationship between disturbed self-perception and clinical status .
The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and bio-curcumin with exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) conservative treatment aims to delay cartilage degeneration ; chondroprotective agents are a valid approach in this sense . A commercially available dietary supplement , CartiJoint Forte , containing glucosamine hydrochloride ( GH ) , chondroitin sulfate ( CS ) and Bio-Curcumin BCM-95 ® , was used in this trial . AIM The aim of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of CartiJoint Forte combined with physical therapy in treating subjects with knee OA . DESIGN A multicenter , prospect i ve , r and omized , double blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . SETTING Out patients referred to the Rehabilitation Departments of two University Hospitals . POPULATION Fifty-three patients were r and omly assigned to an experimental group ( N=26 ) or a control group ( N.=27 ) . Experimental subjects received two tablets of CartiJoint Forte each day for 8 weeks , while those in the control group were provided with a placebo . Three subjects dropped out during the course of the study . METHODS The two groups both received 20 sessions of physical therapy during the course of the trial . Primary outcome was pain intensity , measured both at motion and at rest , using the Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) . A secondary outcome was an assessment of knee function by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and Lequesne Index , knee ROM , and two inflammation markers ( C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ) . Each assessment was carried out at baseline ( T0 ) , at 8 weeks ( T1 ) and at 12 weeks ( T2 ) . RESULTS VAS at rest was found to be reduced between T0 and T1 , as well as between T0 and T2 ( F=13.712 ; P=0.0001 ) , with no differences between groups ( F=1.724 ; P=0.191 ) . VAS at motion revealed a significant " group × time-check " interaction ( F=2.491 ; P=0.032 ) , with increasing effect of time on VAS reduction ( F=17.748 ; P=0.0001 ) . This was most pronounced in the experimental group at 8 weeks ( F=3.437 ; P=0.045 ) . The Lequesne Index showed reductions at T1 and T2 compared to T0 ( F=9.535 ; P=0.0001 ) , along with group effect , since the experimental group presented a lower score at T2 ( F=7.091 ; P=0.009 ) . No significant changes were found in the knee ROM and inflammation markers .  CONCLUSION CartiJoint Forte , added to physical therapy , may ameliorate pain and help to improve algofunctional score in knee OA patients . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Treatment of knee OA with curcuminoids plus glycosaminoglycans , added to physical therapy , improves VAS at motion and Lequesne Index scores
Results The FreKAQ-J had acceptable internal consistency , unidimensionality , good test-retest reliability , and was functional on the category rating scale .
The FreKAQ-J was significantly correlated with pain in motion , disability , pain-related catastrophizing , fear of movement , and anxiety symptomatology .
Conclusions We developed FreKAQ-J by modifying the FreBAQ-J. The FreKAQ-J fits the Rasch measurement model well and is suitable for use in people with knee OA .
Background Recent systematic review s have demonstrated that pain associated with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) is a complex phenomenon that involves various contributors .
People with knee OA exhibit symptoms of impaired body-perception , including reduced tactile acuity , impairments in limb laterality recognition , and de grade d proprioceptive acuity .
The Fremantle Back Awareness Question naire ( FreBAQ ) was developed to assess body-perception specific to the back in people with chronic low back pain .
The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a knee-specific version of the FreBAQ-J ( FreKAQ-J ) , determine whether people with knee pain experience perceptual impairments and investigate the relationship between disturbed self-perception and clinical status .