Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
EFFECT OF CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH MILD HYPERTENSION
In a double-blind trial 90 mildly hypertensive subjects aged 16 - 29 years were r and omly assigned to 1 g calcium per day or placebo . Calcium supplementation did not affect systolic blood pressure , but at six and twelve weeks diastolic blood pressure had fallen by 3.1 ( p = 0.04 ) and 2.4 ( p = 0.11 ) mm Hg , respectively , more in the calcium group than it had in the placebo group . Subjects with a baseline plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) higher than the median showed a 6.1 mm Hg ( p = 0.01 ) greater fall in diastolic blood pressure after six weeks and 5.4 mm Hg ( p = 0.01 ) after twelve than in the placebo group . The fall in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the calcium group than in the placebo group in subjects with a lower than median serum total calcium and in those with a large bodyweight . Calcium supplementation may lower blood pressure in young people with mildly raised blood pressure , particularly in those with high plasma PTH and /or low serum total calcium
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .