The pooled estimate from the studies suggested that the addition of testosterone to HT regimens improved sexual function scores for postmenopausal women .
A significant adverse effect was a decrease in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol levels .
However , there is evidence that adding testosterone to HT has a beneficial effect on sexual function in postmenopausal women .
There was a reduction in HDL cholesterol associated with the addition of testosterone to the HT regimens .
It is , therefore , difficult to estimate the effect of testosterone on sexual function in association with any individual hormone treatment regimen
BACKGROUND : The value of adding testosterone to hormone therapy ( HT ) for the management of peri- and postmenopausal women is controversial and has not been systematic ally review ed .
OBJECTIVES : To determine the benefits and risks of testosterone therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy .
Effect of combined implants of oestradiol and testosterone on libido in postmenopausal women.
Our most striking finding was that of the 16 patients monitored by the technique , those with no spontaneous lower oesophageal contractility at any time , but with provoked activity intact , were invariably subsequently diagnosed as brain dead clinical ly after the action ofpancuronium had worn off or been reversed . In this institution brain death is diagnosed using the criteria set out by the royal colleges and faculties of the United Kingdom.3 In addition , carotid arteriography is performed to show cessation ofcerebral circulation . The loss of spontaneous contractility in the presence of continuing provoked activity is explained by the normal physiology of the human oesophagus . The principal nerve supply is derived from the vagus nerve . The lower oesophageal muscle is supplied from intramural and paraoesophageal nerve plexuses . Vagal afferent and efferent fibres connect the oesophageal plexuses with the brain stem nuclei of the vagus nerve , which in turn are connected with higher cortical centres . The mechanisms governing production of non-propulsive activity are unknown , though acoustic stimuli as well as other forms of external stimuli can provoke this response.45 Thus it appears that an intact pathway between the brain and oesophagus is required for non-propulsive activity to occur . By contrast , secondary activity ( peristaltic ) has been recorded in the isolated opossum oesophagus ex vivo and so does not require control by higher centres.2 Hence in brain dead patients spontaneous lower oesophageal contractility would not be expected , whereas provokedcontractility should be intact , as we have found . We conclude that monitoring lower oesphageal contractility may be very useful in the early identification of brain death and may help to predict outcome in patients with head injury
The pooled estimate from the studies suggested that the addition of testosterone to HT regimens improved sexual function scores for postmenopausal women .
A significant adverse effect was a decrease in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol levels .
However , there is evidence that adding testosterone to HT has a beneficial effect on sexual function in postmenopausal women .
There was a reduction in HDL cholesterol associated with the addition of testosterone to the HT regimens .
It is , therefore , difficult to estimate the effect of testosterone on sexual function in association with any individual hormone treatment regimen
BACKGROUND : The value of adding testosterone to hormone therapy ( HT ) for the management of peri- and postmenopausal women is controversial and has not been systematic ally review ed .
OBJECTIVES : To determine the benefits and risks of testosterone therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy .