HIGHLIGHTSPOBT in endodontic research predicts the clinical behavior of endodontic material s .
Introduction : There is limited literature on the impact of testing variables on the push‐out bond test ( POBT ) .
This review identified design s of the POBT used in the endodontic literature and aim ed to determine which experimental variables may influence the push‐out bond strength ( POBS ) .
Bond strength of epoxy resin-based root canal sealer to human root dentin irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser.
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the influence of Er , Cr : YSGG laser irradiation associated with different final irrigation protocol s on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based root canal sealer to root dentin , on the dentin/filling material interface and in the temperature variation during irradiation . METHODOLOGY Ninety-six maxillary canines were prepared with  K3 rotary system up to # 45/0.02 instrument , irrigating with distilled water between files . The specimens were r and omly assigned to three groups-final irrigation ( distilled water , 1 % NaOCl , and 17 % EDTAC ) and four subgroups ( n = 8)-laser parameters ( non-irradiated , 2 W/20 Hz , 3 W/20 Hz , and 4 W/20 Hz ) . During irradiation , the temperatures were measured on the outer root dentin wall in the three thirds , and root apex . Canals were filled with lateral condensation of AHPlus sealer and gutta-percha cones . Two slices from each third were su bmi tted to a push-out test in Instron machine and the failure mode was analyzed . One slice from each third was analyzed by confocal laser microscopy to evaluate the percentage of the perimeter of the root canal cross-section with sealer tags and depth of tags . Data were analyzed by ANOVA , Kruskal-Wallis , and Tukey 's tests ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS Er , Cr : YSGG laser irradiation  increased sealer bond strength to dentin , regardless of the final irrigation . The highest values were obtained for 3 W ( 4.02 ± 1.32 ) and 4 W ( 4.18 ± 0.98 ) powers and different from the non-irradiated group ( 2.64 ± 0.58 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . The 2 W irradiation produced similar results to 3 W and 4 W when associated with 17 % EDTA . Final irrigation with 17 % EDTAC provided higher bond strength ( 4.01 ± 1.02 ) compared with distilled water ( 3.11 ± 1.09 ) and 1 % NaOCl ( 3.47 ± 1.18 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . The cervical third ( 4.01 ± 1.21 ) presented significantly higher bond strength than the apical third ( 3.04 ± 0.89 ) . There was a greater percentage of adhesive and mixed failure . In the groups irradiated with 3 W [ 21.1 ( 14.1 - 27.7 ) ] and 4 W [ 17.8 ( 11.9 - 23.7 ) ] , a greater depth of filling material tags was observed compared with the non-irradiated group [ 12.9 ( 9.0 - 20.0 ) ] . The greatest percentage of canal perimeter with sealer tags was observed in the irradiated groups , with no difference among them ( P > 0.05 ) . The temperature rise was proportional to the increase of laser power . CONCLUSIONS Er , Cr : YSGG laser irradiation increased the bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer to root dentin , with greater formation of sealer tags for all tested powers , especially when combined with 17 % EDTAC final irrigation ; temperature rise during irradiation remained below the critical threshold biologically accepted . Lasers Surg . Med . 48:985 - 994 , 2016 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals ,
HIGHLIGHTSPOBT in endodontic research predicts the clinical behavior of endodontic material s .
Introduction : There is limited literature on the impact of testing variables on the push‐out bond test ( POBT ) .
This review identified design s of the POBT used in the endodontic literature and aim ed to determine which experimental variables may influence the push‐out bond strength ( POBS ) .