In general , studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility , e.g. , material setting condition and time , material concentration , and type of exposure .
4 ) Conclusions : The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level .
However , the method ological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility .
( 1 ) Aim : To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of  root canal sealers  that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence . (
What is your research question? An introduction to the PICOT format for clinicians.
Clinicians often witness impressive treatment results in practice and may wish to pursue research to formally explore their anecdotal experiences . The potential to further new knowledge both within the profession and to the greater healthcare system is compelling . An obvious next step for a practitioner considering research is to connect with experienced research ers to convey their idea for a study , who may in turn ask , “ What is your research question ? ” With limited underst and ing of how to respond , this interaction may result in the first and last experience these clinicians will have with the research community . It has been estimated that between 1 % and 7 % of the chiropractic profession in Canada is engaged in research . 1,2 Arguably , this low engagement could be the result of practitioners ’ perceived importance of research and levels of research literacy and capacity . However , increasing dem and s for evidence -based approaches across the health system puts pressure on all clinicians to base their decisions on the best available scientific evidence . Lack of clinician representation in research has the probable effect of limiting growth and new developments for the profession . Furthermore , lack of clinician involvement in research complicates the transfer of study findings into practical setting s. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research describes integrated knowledge translation as a process that involves collaboration between research ers and knowledge users at all stages of a research project.3 This necessitates involvement of clinicians to help in forming a research question , interpreting the results , and moving research findings into practice . This shared effort between clinicians and research ers increases the likelihood that research initiatives will be relevant to practice .3 Conversely , it has been reported that there is a growing communication gap between clinicians and academics in chiropractic . 4 Clinicians have important practice -related questions to ask , but many may lack the ability to map out their research strategy , specifically in communicating their question in a manner required to develop a research protocol . David L. Sackett , Officer of the Order of Canada and the founding Chair of Canada ’s first Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics at McMaster University , highlights the importance of mapping one ’s research strategy in exploration of the research question : “ one-third of a trial ’s time between the germ of your idea and its publication in the New Engl and Journal of Medicine should be spent fighting about the research question . ” ( personal communication , November 30 , 2011 ) We describe a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) example to highlight how clinicians may use existing literature and the PICOT format to formulate a research question on treatment efficacy
In general , studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility , e.g. , material setting condition and time , material concentration , and type of exposure .
4 ) Conclusions : The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level .
However , the method ological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility .
( 1 ) Aim : To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of  root canal sealers  that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence . (