As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Strength training improves muscle quality and insulin sensitivity in Hispanic older adults with type 2 diabetes
Hispanics are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to their high prevalence of diabetes and poor glycemic control . Strength training is the most effective lifestyle intervention to increase muscle mass but limited data is available in older adults with diabetes . We determined the influence of strength training on muscle quality ( strength per unit of muscle mass ) , skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy , and metabolic control including insulin resistance ( Homeostasis Model Assessment –HOMA-IR ) , C-Reactive Protein ( CRP ) , adiponectin and Free Fatty Acid ( FFA ) levels in Hispanic older adults . Sixty-two community-dwelling Hispanics ( > 55 y ) with type 2 diabetes were r and omized to 16 weeks of strength training plus st and ard care ( ST group ) or st and ard care alone ( CON group ) . Skeletal muscle biopsies and biochemical measures were taken at baseline and 16 weeks . The ST group show improved muscle quality ( mean±SE : 28±3 ) vs CON ( -4±2 , p<0.001 ) and increased type I ( 860±252µm2 ) and type II fiber cross-sectional area ( 720±285µm2 ) compared to CON ( type I : -164±290µm2 , p=0.04 ; and type II : -130±336µm2 , p=0.04 ) . This was accompanied by reduced insulin resistance [ ST : median ( interquartile range ) -0.7(3.6 ) vs CON : 0.8(3.8 ) , p=0.05 ] ; FFA ( ST : -84±30µmol/L vs CON : 149±48µmol/L , p=0.02 ) ; and CRP [ ST : -1.3(2.9)mg/L vs CON : 0.4(2.3)mg/L , p=0.05 ] . Serum adiponectin increased with ST [ 1.0(1.8)µg/mL ] compared to CON [ -1.2(2.2)µg/mL , p<0.001  ] . Strength training improved muscle quality and whole-body insulin sensitivity . Decreased inflammation and increased adiponectin levels were related with improved metabolic control . Further studies are needed to underst and the mechanisms associated with these findings . However , these data show that strength training is an exercise modality to consider as an adjunct of st and ard of care in high risk population s with type 2 diabetes
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .