This dietary pattern did not significantly affect 2-h post-pr and ial blood glucose and Matsuda index .
Conclusions Adherence to the ND might improve serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels ; however , this effect was not confirmed for other markers of blood glucose control .
Aims Investigations on the possible effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on the glycemic control and the risk of diabetes have led to inconsistent results .
The present study tried to determine the effect of the ND on the markers of blood glucose control using a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) .
Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
BACKGROUND Experimental studies in animals and cross-sectional studies in humans have suggested that low serum magnesium levels might lead to type 2 diabetes ; however , this association has not been examined prospect ively . METHODS We assessed the risk for type 2 diabetes associated with low serum magnesium level and low dietary magnesium intake in a cohort of nondiabetic middle-aged adults ( N = 12,128 ) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study during 6 years of follow-up .  Fasting serum magnesium level  , categorized into 6 levels , and  dietary magnesium intake  , categorized into quartiles , were measured at the baseline examination . Incident type 2 diabetes was defined by self-report of physician diagnosis , use of diabetic medication , fasting glucose level of at least 7.0 mmol/L ( 126 mg/dL ) , or nonfasting glucose level of at least 11.1 mmol/L ( 200 mg/dL ) . RESULTS Among white participants , a grade d inverse relationship between serum magnesium levels and incident type 2 diabetes was observed . From the highest to the lowest serum magnesium levels , there was an approximate 2-fold increase in incidence rate ( 11.1 , 12.2 , 13.6 , 12.8 , 15.8 , and 22.8 per 1000 person-years ; P = .001 ) . This grade d association remained significant after simultaneous adjustment for potential confounders , including diuretic use . Compared with individuals with serum magnesium levels of 0.95 mmol/L ( 1.90 mEq/L ) or greater , the adjusted relative odds of incident type 2 diabetes rose progressively across the following lower magnesium categories : 1.13 ( 95 % CI , 0.79 - 1.61 ) , 1.20 ( 95 % CI , 0.86 - 1.68 ) , 1.11 ( 95 % CI , 0.80 - 1.56 ) , 1.24 ( 95 % CI , 0.86 - 1.78 ) , and 1.76 ( 95 % CI , 1.18 - 2.61 ) ( for trend , P = .01 ) . In contrast , little or no association was observed in black participants . No association was detected between  dietary magnesium intake  and the risk for incident type 2 diabetes in black or white participants . CONCLUSIONS Among white participants , low serum magnesium level is a strong , independent predictor of incident type 2 diabetes . That low dietary magnesium intake does not confer risk for type 2 diabetes implies that compartmentalization and renal h and ling of magnesium may be important in the relationship between low serum magnesium levels and the risk for type 2 diabetes
This dietary pattern did not significantly affect 2-h post-pr and ial blood glucose and Matsuda index .
Conclusions Adherence to the ND might improve serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels ; however , this effect was not confirmed for other markers of blood glucose control .
Aims Investigations on the possible effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on the glycemic control and the risk of diabetes have led to inconsistent results .
The present study tried to determine the effect of the ND on the markers of blood glucose control using a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) .