Available studies show convincingly the health benefits of lifestyle changes in CAD patients .
Effect estimates of combined dietary changes look promising .
BACKGROUND Guidelines for lifestyle and dietary modification in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) are mainly supported by evidence from general population studies .
CAD patients , however , differ from the general population in age ( older ) and treatment with preventive drugs .
This review seeks to provide evidence for a prognostic benefit of lifestyle and dietary recommendations from studies in CAD patients .
Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: a prospective study
BACKGROUND The evidence that high salt intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease has been challenged . We aim ed to find out whether salt intake , measured by 24 h urinary sodium excretion , is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease frequency and mortality , and all-cause mortality . METHODS We prospect ively followed 1173 Finnish men and 1263 women aged 25 - 64 years with complete data on 24 h urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular risk factors . The endpoints were an incident coronary and stroke event , and death from coronary heart disease , cardiovascular disease , and any cause . Each endpoint was analysed separately with the Cox proportional hazards model . FINDINGS The hazards ratios for coronary heart disease , cardiovascular disease , and all-cause mortality , associated with a 100 mmol increase in 24 h urinary sodium excretion , were 1.51 ( 95 % CI 1.14 - 2.00 ) , 1.45 ( 1.14 - 1.84 ) , and 1.26 ( 1.06 - 1.50 ) , respectively , in both men and women . The frequency of acute coronary events , but not acute stroke events , rose significantly with increasing sodium excretion . When analyses were done separately for each sex , the risk ratios were significant in men only . There was a significant interaction between sodium excretion and body mass index for cardiovascular and total mortality ; sodium predicted mortality in men who were overweight . Correction for the regression dilution bias increased the hazards ratios markedly . INTERPRETATION High sodium intake predicted mortality and risk of coronary heart disease , independent of other cardiovascular risk factors , including blood pressure . These results provide direct evidence of the harmful effects of high salt intake in the adult population
Available studies show convincingly the health benefits of lifestyle changes in CAD patients .
Effect estimates of combined dietary changes look promising .
BACKGROUND Guidelines for lifestyle and dietary modification in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) are mainly supported by evidence from general population studies .
CAD patients , however , differ from the general population in age ( older ) and treatment with preventive drugs .
This review seeks to provide evidence for a prognostic benefit of lifestyle and dietary recommendations from studies in CAD patients .