Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Serum 25(OH)D Is a 2-Year Predictor of All-Cause Mortality, Cardiac Death and Sudden Cardiac Death in Chest Pain Patients from Northern Argentina
Background Several studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk . Vitamin D status is assessed by determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] in serum . Methods We assessed the prognostic utility of 25(OH)D in 982 chest-pain patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) from Salta , Northern Argentina . 2-year follow-up data including all-cause mortality , cardiac death and sudden cardiac death were analyzed in quartiles of 25(OH)D , applying univariate and multivariate analysis . Results There were statistically significant changes in seasonal 25(OH)D levels . At follow-up , 119 patients had died . The mean 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among patients dying than in long-term survivors , both in the total population and in patients with a troponin T ( TnT ) release ( n = 388 ) . When comparing 25(OH)D in the highest quartile to the lowest quartile in a multivariable Cox regression model for all-cause mortality , the hazard ratio ( HR ) for cardiac death and sudden cardiac death in the total population was 0.37 ( 95 % CI , 0.19–0.73 ) , p = 0.004 , 0.23 ( 95 % CI , 0.08–0.67 ) , p = 0.007 , and 0.32 ( 95 % CI , 0.11–0.94 ) , p = 0.038 , respectively . In patients with TnT release , the respective HR was 0.24 ( 95 % CI , 0.10–0.54 ) , p = 0.001 , 0.18 ( 95 % CI , 0.05–0.60 ) , p = 0.006 and 0.25 ( 95 % CI , 0.07–0.89 ) , p = 0.033 . 25(OH)D had no prognostic value in patients with no TnT release . Conclusion Vitamin D was shown to be a useful biomarker for prediction of mortality when obtained at admission in chest pain patients with suspected ACS . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .