In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Low-Load Very High-Repetition Resistance Training Attenuates Bone Loss at the Lumbar Spine in Active Post-menopausal Women
Abstract This study determined the effect of 6 months of low-load very high-repetition resistance training on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and body composition in nonosteoporotic middle-aged and older women . Fifty healthy , active community-dwelling women aged 56–75 years took part in the two-group , repeated- measures r and omized controlled trial . Participants either undertook 6 months of low-load very high-repetition resistance training in the form of BodyPump ™ or served as control participants . Outcome measures included BMD at the lumbar spine , hip , and total body ; total fat mass ; fat-free soft tissue mass and maximal isotonic strength . Significant group-by-time interactions were found for lumbar spine BMD and maximal strength in favor of the BodyPump ™ group . No favorable effects were found for hip BMD , total body BMD , total fat mass , or fat-free soft tissue mass . Three participants withdrew from the intervention group due to injury or fear of injury associated with training . Under the conditions used in this research , low-load very high-repetition resistance training is effective at attenuating losses in lumbar spine BMD compared to controls in healthy , active women aged over 55 years but did not influence hip and total body BMD or fat mass and fat-free soft tissue mass
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .