The testosterone and control groups demonstrated no significant difference for other outcomes .
In conclusion , we found that TRT can improve glycemic control and decrease triglyceride levels of hypogonadal men with T2DM .
This systematic review was aim ed at assessing the metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy ( TRT ) on hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) .
The Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Insulin Sensitivity, Glucose Effectiveness, and Acute Insulin Response After Glucose Load in Male Type 2 Diabetics
Our underst and ing of the effect of and rogens on insulin action and glucose metabolism is incomplete . Several different models and methods have been used to study and rogen effects , with some studies indicating that higher testosterone levels are associated with increased insulin resistance . In polycystic ovary syndrome , where high testosterone levels are frequently found , affected patients have a higher risk of diabetes . In contrast , increased insulin resistance was found in both hypergonadotropic and hypogonadotropic men with hypo and rogenism , patients with Klinefelter 's syndrome and men with idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency . Insulin resistance is considered to be one of the cornerstones in the state that ultimately leads to clinical ly established type 2 diabetes mellitus . In addition , men with type 2 diabetes have relative hypogonadism . Therefore , supplementation with testosterone might play a role in improving both insulin resistance and hypogonadism . The study population consisted of 11 male patients with type 2 diabetes . Their mean age was 57.7 ± 3.41 years , the body mass index ( BMI ) was 24.4 ± 1.02 kg/m2 , and the waist-to-hip ratio ( W/H ) was 0.91 ± 0.05 . The patients were all treated with oral hypoglycemic agents . The men received and rogen injections every 3 weeks intramuscularly for 12 weeks . The injections were testosterone depot 100 mg/3 weeks . Insulin sensitivity , glucose effectiveness and area under acute insulin response were calculated from " minimal model " algorithms . There were no significant differences in the value of BMI , W/H ratios , plasma lipid concentrations , testosterone , homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA ) of insulin sensitivity , and beta-cell function , before and after supplementation of testosterone . Furthermore , the insulin sensitivity ( SI ) ( 1.04 ± 0.25 , 1.11 ± 0.36 x 10−5 min−1/pM ; p = 0.43 ) , glucose effectiveness ( EG ) ( 0.018 ± 0.003 , 0.017 ± 0.002 min−1 ; p = 0.29 ) , and acute insulin response ( AIR ) after a glucose load ( 45.7 ± 24.3 , 50.1 ± 32.5 pM ; p = 0.45 ) did not change significantly after supplementation with testosterone . In our study , there was no improvement of SI , EG , and AIR after 3 months of Testosterone Depot treatment in type 2 diabetes , but we believe that duration and dosage of the and rogen therapy might play an important role in improving insulin sensitivity . The mechanisms by which testosterone causes insulin resistance is unknown , and larger studies on and rogen treatment in type 2 diabetic patients are necessary
The testosterone and control groups demonstrated no significant difference for other outcomes .
In conclusion , we found that TRT can improve glycemic control and decrease triglyceride levels of hypogonadal men with T2DM .
This systematic review was aim ed at assessing the metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy ( TRT ) on hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) .