Quality -of-life scores ( Piper Fatigue Scale MD 0.73 , 95 % CI 0.29 to 1.18 ; I2 = 0 % ; studies = 3 ) and peak oxygen consumption ( MD 2.77 mL/kg/min , 95 % CI -0.89 to 6.43 ; I2 = 36 % ; 2 studies , 32 participants ) were associated with very low- quality evidence , and we remain uncertain about the role of intravenous iron for these metrics .
Current evidence is insufficient to show benefit of intravenous iron preparations for the treatment of non-anaemic iron deficiency across a variety of patient population s , beyond stating that it may result in a small , clinical ly insignificant increase in haemoglobin concentration .
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies , and has a number of physiological manifestations .
Early , or non-anaemic iron deficiency can result in fatigue and diminished exercise capacity .
Oral iron preparations have a high incidence of intolerable side effects , and are ineffective in certain forms of iron deficiency .
Consequently , intravenous iron preparations are increasingly used in the treatment of non-anaemic iron deficiency .
The newer , more stable iron preparations in particular purport to have a lower incidence of side effects , and are now used across a range of different patient population s. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of intravenous iron therapy in the treatment of adults with non-anaemic iron deficiency .
Iron deficiency is associated with higher mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective study.
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is frequent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery . The relevance of iron deficiency , however , is ill defined . Therefore , our study aim ed to investigate the impact of iron deficiency ( ferritin < 100 μg L-1 ) with or without concomitant anaemia on clinical outcome after cardiac surgery . METHODS In this prospect i ve observational study , 730 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were assigned into four groups according to their iron status and anaemia . Mortality , serious adverse events ( SAEs ) , major cardiac and cerebrovascular events ( MACCEs ) , allogenic blood transfusion requirements , and length of hospital stay were assessed during a 90-day follow-up period . The effect of iron deficiency on these outcomes was first calculated in models adjusting for anaemia only , followed by two multivariate models adjusting for anaemia and either the EuroSCORE II or any possible confounders . RESULTS The presence of iron deficiency ( ferritin < 100 μg L-1 ) was associated with an increase in 90-day mortality from 2 % to 5 % in patients without anaemia , and from 4 % to 14 % in patients with anaemia . Logistic regression result ed in an odds ratio of 3.5 ( 95 % confidence interval : 1.5 - 8.4 ) ; P=0.004 . The effect persisted in both multivariate models . Moreover , iron deficiency was associated with an increased incidence of SAEs , MACCEs , transfusion , and prolonged hospital stay . CONCLUSIONS Preoperative iron deficiency ( ferritin < 100 μg L-1 ) was independently associated with increased mortality , more SAEs , and prolonged hospital stay after cardiac surgery . These findings underline the importance of preoperative iron deficiency screening in the context of a comprehensive patient blood management programme , and highlight its importance as a research topic in cardiac surgery . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02031289
Quality -of-life scores ( Piper Fatigue Scale MD 0.73 , 95 % CI 0.29 to 1.18 ; I2 = 0 % ; studies = 3 ) and peak oxygen consumption ( MD 2.77 mL/kg/min , 95 % CI -0.89 to 6.43 ; I2 = 36 % ; 2 studies , 32 participants ) were associated with very low- quality evidence , and we remain uncertain about the role of intravenous iron for these metrics .
Current evidence is insufficient to show benefit of intravenous iron preparations for the treatment of non-anaemic iron deficiency across a variety of patient population s , beyond stating that it may result in a small , clinical ly insignificant increase in haemoglobin concentration .
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies , and has a number of physiological manifestations .
Early , or non-anaemic iron deficiency can result in fatigue and diminished exercise capacity .
Oral iron preparations have a high incidence of intolerable side effects , and are ineffective in certain forms of iron deficiency .
Consequently , intravenous iron preparations are increasingly used in the treatment of non-anaemic iron deficiency .
The newer , more stable iron preparations in particular purport to have a lower incidence of side effects , and are now used across a range of different patient population s. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of intravenous iron therapy in the treatment of adults with non-anaemic iron deficiency .