CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults
CONTEXT The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity .
Predictive value of waist-to-hip ratio on cardiovascular risk events
BACKGROUND : A central distribution of adipose tissue is frequently associated with cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and its risk factors . METHODS : Clinical usefulness of  waist-to-hip ratio ( WHR )  for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events , estimated with models based on data from the Framingham and Prospect i ve Cardiovascular Münster ( PROCAM ) studies was evaluated . SUBJECTS : These were 552 men and 160 women , asymptomatic and at risk for CVD , aged 30–74 y , recruited from an ongoing risk factor screening program conducted at worksites . RESULTS : Abdominal fatness was a strong predictor of cardiovascular complications in subjects whose WHR was in the top quintile ( > 0.98 for men and > ; 0.91 for women ) . The estimated percentage rate of coronary heart disease ( CHD , P<0.01 ) and death ( P<0.01 ) , myocardial infa rct ion ( P<0.01 ) , stroke ( P<0.01 ) , total CVD ( P<0.001 ) and death ( P<0.01 ) increased with increasing quintile of WHR in men and women . In the highest WHR , the number of subjects exceeding a 15 % risk of developing a coronary event over the next 10 y was more than two-fold greater ( odds ratio ( OR ) 2.60 ( confidence intervals ( CI ) 1.09–6.54 ) than in the lowest WHR quintiles . Similar six-year myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) risks at each quintile of WHR were observed in men in both Framingham and PROCAM models . In the overall population , CHD estimates increased with increasing quintiles of WHR with the Framingham model and an adapted model for estimating probabilities of disease in the French population of the Prévention Cardiovasculaire en Médecine du Travail ( PCV-METRA ) group . CONCLUSION : Abdominal deposition of fat assessed by WHR may be of strong clinical value for predicting high risk of cardiovascular events
CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults
CONTEXT The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity .