In older people with osteoporosis , higher protein intake ( ≥ 0.8-g/kg body weight/day , i.e. , above the current RDA ) is associated with higher BMD , a slower rate of bone loss , and reduced risk of hip fracture , provided that dietary calcium intakes are adequate .
Intervention with dietary protein supplements attenuate age-related BMD decrease and reduce bone turnover marker levels , together with an increase in IGF-I and a decrease in PTH .
There is no evidence that diet-derived acid load is deleterious for bone health .
Thus , insufficient dietary protein intakes may be a more severe problem than protein excess in the elderly .
A summary of systematic review s and meta-analyses addressing the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes  for  bone health in adults suggests that dietary protein levels even above the current RDA may be beneficial in reducing bone loss and hip fracture risk , provided calcium intakes are adequate .
Several systematic review s and meta-analyses have addressed the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes for bone health in adults .
Adequate supplies of dietary protein are required for optimal bone growth and maintenance of healthy bone .
Variation in protein intakes within the “ normal ” range accounts for 2–4 % of BMD variance in adults .
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of hip fracture: a cohort study of Swedish men and women.
Dietary guidelines recommend a daily intake of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables . Whether such intakes are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture is at present unclear . The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose-response association between habitual fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture in a cohort study based on 40,644 men from the Cohort of Swedish Men ( COSM ) and 34,947 women from the Swedish Mammography Cohort ( SMC ) ( total n = 75,591 ) , free from cardiovascular disease and cancer , who answered lifestyle question naires in 1997 ( age 45 to 83 years ) .  Intake of fruits and vegetables  ( servings/day ) was assessed by food frequency question naire and incident hip fractures were retrieved from the Swedish Patient Register ( 1998 to 2010 ) . The mean follow-up time was 14.2 years . One-third of the participants reported an intake of fruits and vegetables  of > 5 servings/day , one-third reported > 3 to ≤5 servings/day , 28 % reported > 1 to ≤3 servings/day , and 6 % reported ≤1 serving/day . During 1,037,645 person-years we observed 3644 hip fractures  ( 2266 or 62 % in women ) . The dose-response association was found to be strongly nonlinear ( p < 0.001 ) . Men and women with zero consumption had 88 % higher rate of hip fracture compared with those consuming 5 servings/day ; adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) was 1.88 ( 95 % CI , 1.53 to 2.32 ) . The rate was gradually lower with higher intakes ; adjusted HR for 1 versus 5 servings/day was 1.35 ( 95 % CI , 1.21 to 1.58 ) . However , more than 5 servings/day did not confer additionally lower HRs ( adjusted HR for 8 versus 5 servings/day was 0.96 ; 95 % CI , 0.90 to 1.03 ) . Similar results were observed when men and women were analyzed separately . We conclude that there is a dose-response association between fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture such that an intake below the recommended five servings/day confers higher rates of hip fracture . Intakes above this recommendation do not seem to further lower the risk
In older people with osteoporosis , higher protein intake ( ≥ 0.8-g/kg body weight/day , i.e. , above the current RDA ) is associated with higher BMD , a slower rate of bone loss , and reduced risk of hip fracture , provided that dietary calcium intakes are adequate .
Intervention with dietary protein supplements attenuate age-related BMD decrease and reduce bone turnover marker levels , together with an increase in IGF-I and a decrease in PTH .
There is no evidence that diet-derived acid load is deleterious for bone health .
Thus , insufficient dietary protein intakes may be a more severe problem than protein excess in the elderly .
A summary of systematic review s and meta-analyses addressing the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes  for  bone health in adults suggests that dietary protein levels even above the current RDA may be beneficial in reducing bone loss and hip fracture risk , provided calcium intakes are adequate .
Several systematic review s and meta-analyses have addressed the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes for bone health in adults .
Adequate supplies of dietary protein are required for optimal bone growth and maintenance of healthy bone .
Variation in protein intakes within the “ normal ” range accounts for 2–4 % of BMD variance in adults .