Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .
Analgesic efficacy of preoperative administration of meloxicam or butorphanol in onychectomized cats.
OBJECTIVE To determine analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of preemptive administration of meloxicam or butorphanol in cats undergoing onychectomy or onychectomy and neutering . DESIGN R and omized controlled study . ANIMALS 64 female and 74 male cats that were 4 to 192 months old and weighed 1.09 to 705 kg ( 2.4 to 15.5 lb ) . PROCEDURE Cats received meloxicam ( 0.3 mg/kg [ 0.14 mg/lb ] , s.c . ) or butorphanol ( 0.4 mg/kg [ 0.18 mg/lb ] , s.c . ) 15 minutes after premedication and prior to anesthesia . A single blinded observer measured physiologic variables , assigned analgesia and lameness scores , and withdrew blood sample s for each cat at baseline and throughout the 24 hours after surgery . Rescue analgesia ( butorphanol , 0.4 mg/kg , i.v . or s.c . ) or administration of acepromazine ( 0.025 to 0.05 mg/kg [ 0.011 to 0.023 mg/lb ] , i.v . ) was allowed . RESULTS Meloxicam-treated cats were less lame and had lower pain scores . Cortisol concentration was higher at extubation and lower at 1 , 5 , and 12 hours in the meloxicam-treated cats . Fewer meloxicam-treated cats required rescue analgesia at 3 , 5 , 12 , and 24 hours after extubation . General impression scores were excellent or good in 75 % of meloxicam-treated cats and 44 % of butorphanol-treated cats . There was no treatment effect on buccal bleeding time ; PCV and BUN concentration decreased in both groups , and glucose concentration decreased in meloxicam-treated cats . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preoperative administration of meloxicam improved analgesia for 24 hours without clinical ly relevant adverse effects in cats that underwent onychectomy or onychectomy and neutering and provided safe , extended analgesia , compared with butorphanol
Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .