The meta- analysis demonstrated that the etch- and -rinse technique significantly reduced the nanoleakage of the Peak Universal and G-Bond Plus adhesives , whereas the self-etch mode reduced the nanoleakage of All-Bond Universal .
In comparison , the etching technique did not significantly alter the nanoleakage of either Prime&Bond Elect or Scotchbond Universal which was characterized by the smallest nanoleakage .
CONCLUSIONS Etching modes significantly , in various ways , influence the nanoleakage of universal adhesives .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Contrary to the drive to simplify bonding technologies , an appreciation of their adhesive components and how these perform according to bonding technique could yield a knowledge-based practical approach that ultimately improves the longevity of direct composite restorations
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate how etching modes affect the nanoleakage of universal adhesive from in vitro studies .
Effects of solvent evaporation time on immediate adhesive properties of universal adhesives to dentin.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the microtensile bond strengths ( μTBS ) and nanoleakage ( NL ) of three universal or multi-mode adhesives , applied with increasing solvent evaporation times . METHODS One-hundred and forty caries-free extracted third molars were divided into 20 groups for bond strength testing , according to three factors : ( 1 ) Adhesive - All-Bond Universal ( ABU , Bisco , Inc. ) , Prime&Bond Elect ( PBE , Dentsply ) , and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive ( SBU , 3 M ESPE ) ; ( 2 ) Bonding strategy - self-etch ( SE ) or etch- and -rinse ( ER ) ; and ( 3 ) Adhesive solvent evaporation time - 5s , 15s , and 25s . Two extra groups were prepared with ABU because the respective manufacturer recommends a solvent evaporation time of 10s . After restorations were constructed , specimens were stored in water ( 37 ° C/24h ) . Resin-dentin beams ( 0.8mm(2 ) ) were tested at 0.5mm/min ( μTBS ) . For NL , forty extracted molars were r and omly assigned to each of the 20 groups . Dentin disks were restored , immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate , sectioned and processed for evaluation under a FESEM in backscattered mode . Data from μTBS were analyzed using two-way ANOVA ( adhesive vs. drying time ) for each strategy , and Tukey 's test ( α=0.05 ) . NL data were computed with non-parametric tests ( Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests , α=0.05 ) . RESULTS Increasing solvent evaporation time from 5s to 25s result ed in statistically higher mean μTBS for all adhesives when used in ER mode . Regarding NL , ER result ed in greater NL than SE for each of the evaporation times regardless of the adhesive used . A solvent evaporation time of 25s result ed in the lowest NL for SBU-ER . SIGNIFICANCE Residual water and /or solvent may compromise the performance of universal adhesives , which may be improved with extended evaporation times
The meta- analysis demonstrated that the etch- and -rinse technique significantly reduced the nanoleakage of the Peak Universal and G-Bond Plus adhesives , whereas the self-etch mode reduced the nanoleakage of All-Bond Universal .
In comparison , the etching technique did not significantly alter the nanoleakage of either Prime&Bond Elect or Scotchbond Universal which was characterized by the smallest nanoleakage .
CONCLUSIONS Etching modes significantly , in various ways , influence the nanoleakage of universal adhesives .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Contrary to the drive to simplify bonding technologies , an appreciation of their adhesive components and how these perform according to bonding technique could yield a knowledge-based practical approach that ultimately improves the longevity of direct composite restorations
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate how etching modes affect the nanoleakage of universal adhesive from in vitro studies .