Compared with an energy-restricted SP diet , an isocalorically prescribed HP diet provides modest benefits for reductions in body weight , FM , and triglycerides and for mitigating reductions in FFM and REE
BACKGROUND It is currently unclear whether altering the carbohydrate-to-protein ratio of low-fat , energy-restricted diets augments weight loss and cardiometabolic risk markers .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of studies that compared energy-restricted , isocaloric , high-protein , low-fat ( HP ) diets with st and ard-protein , low-fat ( SP ) diets on weight loss , body composition , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , satiety and appetite , and cardiometabolic risk factors .
The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets.
We have recently reported that obese women r and omized to a low-carbohydrate diet  lost more than twice as much weight as those following a low-fat diet over 6 months . The difference in weight loss was not explained by differences in energy intake because women on the two diets reported similar daily energy consumption . We hypothesized that chronic ingestion of a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure relative to a low-fat diet and that this accounts for the differential weight loss . To study this question , 50 healthy , moderately obese ( body mass index , 33.2 + /- 0.28 kg/m(2 ) ) women were r and omized to 4 months of an  ad libitum low-carbohydrate diet or an energy-restricted , low-fat diet .  Resting energy expenditure ( REE ) was measured by indirect calorimetry at baseline , 2 months , and 4 months . Physical activity was estimated by pedometers . The thermic effect of food ( TEF ) in response to low-fat and low-carbohydrate breakfasts was assessed over 5 h in a subset of subjects . Forty women completed the trial . The low-carbohydrate group lost more weight ( 9.79 + /- 0.71 vs. 6.14 + /- 0.91 kg ; P < 0.05 ) and more body fat ( 6.20 + /- 0.67 vs. 3.23 + /- 0.67 kg ; P < 0.05 ) than the low-fat group . There were no differences in energy intake between the diet groups as reported on 3-d food records at the conclusion of the study ( 1422 + /- 73 vs. 1530 + /- 102 kcal ; 5954 + /- 306 vs. 6406 + /- 427 kJ ) . Mean REE in the two groups was comparable at baseline , decreased with weight loss , and did not differ at 2 or 4 months . The low-fat meal caused a greater 5-h increase in TEF than did the low-carbohydrate meal ( 53 + /- 9 vs. 31 + /- 5 kcal ; 222 + /- 38 vs. 130 + /- 21 kJ ; P = 0.017 ) . Estimates of physical activity were stable in the dieters during the study and did not differ between groups . These results confirm that short-term weight loss is greater in obese women on a  low-carbohydrate diet than in those on a low-fat diet even when reported food intake is similar . The differential weight loss is not explained by differences in REE , TEF , or physical activity and likely reflects underreporting of food consumption by the low-fat dieters
Compared with an energy-restricted SP diet , an isocalorically prescribed HP diet provides modest benefits for reductions in body weight , FM , and triglycerides and for mitigating reductions in FFM and REE
BACKGROUND It is currently unclear whether altering the carbohydrate-to-protein ratio of low-fat , energy-restricted diets augments weight loss and cardiometabolic risk markers .
OBJECTIVE The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of studies that compared energy-restricted , isocaloric , high-protein , low-fat ( HP ) diets with st and ard-protein , low-fat ( SP ) diets on weight loss , body composition , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , satiety and appetite , and cardiometabolic risk factors .