In this area , there are examples of good and moderate quality studies which confirm the cost-effectiveness of diverse physical activity interventions in fall prevention .
Background Healthy ageing and health promotion ( HP ) actions for older people have become an important health sector priority .
At the same time , the application of economic evaluation methods in the field of health interventions in order to support allocative decision processes is of growing importance .
The aims of the review were to analyze what the existing evidence is on cost-effectiveness of HP and /or primary prevention ( PP ) programmes for older people whilst providing deeper insight into method ological aspects of such studies , their overall quality and issues related to practical implementation of results .
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of fall prevention programs that reduce fall-related hip fractures in older adults.
OBJECTIVES To model the incremental cost-utility of seven interventions reported as effective for preventing falls in older adults . DESIGN Mathematical epidemiological model populated by data based on direct clinical experience and a critical review of the literature . SETTING Model represents population level interventions . PARTICIPANTS No human subjects were involved in the study . MEASUREMENS : The last Cochrane data base review and meta-analyses of r and omized controlled trials categorized effective fall-prevention interventions into seven groups : medical management ( withdrawal ) of psychotropics , group tai chi , vitamin D supplementation , muscle and balance exercises , home modifications , multifactorial individualized programs for all elderly people , and multifactorial individualized treatments for high-risk frail elderly people . Fall-related hip fracture incidence was obtained from the literature . Salary figures for health professionals were based on Bureau of Labor Statistics data . Using an integrated healthcare system perspective , healthcare costs were estimated based on practice and studies on falls in older adults . Base case incremental cost utility ratios were calculated , and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted . RESULTS Medical management of psychotropics and group tai chi were the least-costly , most-effective options , but they were also the least studied . Excluding these interventions , the least-expensive , most-effective options are  vitamin D supplementation and home modifications . Vitamin D supplementation costs less than home modifications , but home modifications cost only $ 14,794/ quality -adjusted life year ( QALY ) gained more than vitamin D. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses excluding management of psychotropics and tai chi , home modification is most likely to have the highest economic benefit when QALYs are valued at $ 50,000 or $ 100,000 . CONCLUSION Of single interventions studied , management of psychotropics and tai chi reduces costs the most . Of more-studied interventions , home modifications provide the best value . These results must be interpreted in the context of the multifactorial nature of falls
In this area , there are examples of good and moderate quality studies which confirm the cost-effectiveness of diverse physical activity interventions in fall prevention .
Background Healthy ageing and health promotion ( HP ) actions for older people have become an important health sector priority .
At the same time , the application of economic evaluation methods in the field of health interventions in order to support allocative decision processes is of growing importance .
The aims of the review were to analyze what the existing evidence is on cost-effectiveness of HP and /or primary prevention ( PP ) programmes for older people whilst providing deeper insight into method ological aspects of such studies , their overall quality and issues related to practical implementation of results .