However , it can significantly decrease postintervention and reduction data of FPG , FI , HbA1c , and HOMA-IR .
Heterogeneity was eliminated by subgroup analysis according to baseline BMI .
There was no significant difference in the amelioration of QUICKI between the ITC and control groups .
However , the difference was statistically significant and the heterogeneity was eliminated after subgroup analysis according to intakes of ITC .
Conclusion Supplementation of ITC can ameliorate IR in T2DM , especially in obese T2DM patients , but the effects are controversial in obese patients
Background Insulin resistance ( IR ) is a physiological condition related to type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) and obesity , which is associated with high blood insulin and glucose .
Inulin-type carbohydrate ( ITC ) is a kind of fermentable fructan that can reduce glucose and ameliorate IR in an animal model , but the effect in clinical trials is controversial .
Objective The authors conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the effect of ITC supplementation in ameliorating IR in T2DM and obese patients .
The effects of sodium butyrate and inulin supplementation on angiotensin signaling pathway via promotion of Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in type 2 diabetes; A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Introduction : Inflammation has a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease in diabetes . Tumour necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) as an inflammatory marker induces angiotensin II ( Ang II ) related hypertension pathway in diabetic patients . Gut modulation via prebiotics may ameliorate hypertension caused by inflammation . The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sodium butyrate ( NaBut ) and inulin supplements on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic patients . Methods : In this clinical trial , 60 overweight and obese diabetic patients were recruited and r and omly allocated into four groups . The groups received , respectively , 600 mg/d NaBut ( group A ) , 10 g/d inulin powder ( group B ) , both inulin and NaBut ( group C ) , or placebo ( group D ) for 45 consecutive days . Blood and stool sample s were collected at baseline and after intervention . Quantitative real-time PCR analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Akkermansia muciniphila was done . We assessed the TNF-α mRNA expression and the serum levels of the high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) . Results : There was a significant increase in A. muciniphila percent change in inulin and butyrate supplemented groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Furthermore , significant decrease was seen in TNF-α mRNA expression in group A ( fold change 0.88 ± 0.16 , P < 0.05 ) , group B ( fold change 0.75 ± 0.18 , P < 0.05 ) and group C ( fold change 0.91 ± 0.32 , P < 0.05 ) . Also hs-CRP , MDA and diastolic blood pressure levels decreased significantly in these groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Intervention had significant effects on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters and led to improvement of hypertension . However , further investigations are needed to make concise conclusions
However , it can significantly decrease postintervention and reduction data of FPG , FI , HbA1c , and HOMA-IR .
Heterogeneity was eliminated by subgroup analysis according to baseline BMI .
There was no significant difference in the amelioration of QUICKI between the ITC and control groups .
However , the difference was statistically significant and the heterogeneity was eliminated after subgroup analysis according to intakes of ITC .
Conclusion Supplementation of ITC can ameliorate IR in T2DM , especially in obese T2DM patients , but the effects are controversial in obese patients
Background Insulin resistance ( IR ) is a physiological condition related to type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) and obesity , which is associated with high blood insulin and glucose .
Inulin-type carbohydrate ( ITC ) is a kind of fermentable fructan that can reduce glucose and ameliorate IR in an animal model , but the effect in clinical trials is controversial .
Objective The authors conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the effect of ITC supplementation in ameliorating IR in T2DM and obese patients .