Comorbidity , gender , age , number of sessions , duration , intervention type , setting , medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment .
CONCLUSIONS Psychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent- , teacher- and observer-rated CD problems  in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis .
There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another .
Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies
BACKGROUND This meta- analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder ( CD ) problems in children and adolescents , based on child , parent and teacher report .
Technology-Enhanced Program for Child Disruptive Behavior Disorders: Development and Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Early onset disruptive behavior disorders are overrepresented in low-income families ; yet these families are less likely to engage in behavioral parent training ( BPT ) than other groups . This project aim ed to develop and pilot test a technology-enhanced version of one evidence -based BPT program , Helping the Noncompliant Child ( HNC ) . The aim was to increase engagement of low-income families and , in turn , child behavior outcomes , with potential cost-savings associated with greater treatment efficiency . Low-income families of 3- to 8-year-old children with clinical ly significant disruptive behaviors were r and omized to and completed st and ard HNC ( n = 8) or Technology-Enhanced HNC ( TE-HNC ; n = 7 ) . On average , caregivers were 37 years old ; 87 % were female , and 80 % worked at least part-time . More than half ( 53 % ) of the youth were boys ; the average age of the sample was 5.67 years . All families received the st and ard HNC program ; however , TE-HNC also included the following smartphone enhancements : ( a ) skills video series , ( b ) brief daily surveys , ( c ) text message reminders , ( d ) video recording home practice , and ( e ) midweek video calls . TE-HNC yielded larger effect sizes than HNC for all engagement outcomes . Both groups yielded clinical ly significant improvements in disruptive behavior ; however , findings suggest that the greater program engagement associated with TE-HNC boosted child treatment outcome . Further evidence for the boost afforded by the technology is revealed in family responses to post assessment interviews . Finally , cost analysis suggests that TE-HNC families also required fewer sessions than HNC families to complete the program , an efficiency that did not compromise family satisfaction . TE-HNC shows promise as an innovative approach to engaging low-income families in BPT with potential cost-savings and , therefore , merits further investigation on a larger scale
Comorbidity , gender , age , number of sessions , duration , intervention type , setting , medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment .
CONCLUSIONS Psychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent- , teacher- and observer-rated CD problems  in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis .
There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another .
Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies
BACKGROUND This meta- analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder ( CD ) problems in children and adolescents , based on child , parent and teacher report .