The pooled main outcomes by r and om-effects model showed significant improvements in HbA1c , self-efficacy , and diabetes knowledge , but not in BMI .
As for quality of life , no conclusions can be drawn as the pooled outcome became the opposite with reduced heterogeneity after one study was excluded .
No significant publication bias was found in the main outcomes .
AIM To synthesize the effects of theory-based self-management educational interventions on patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) in r and omized controlled trials .
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease causing complications that put a heavy burden on society and reduce the quality of life of patients .
Good self-management of diabetes can prevent complications and improve the quality of life of T2DM patients .
Long-term effects of the Mediterranean lifestyle program: a randomized clinical trial for postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes
Background Multiple-risk-factor interventions offer a promising means for addressing the complex interactions between lifestyle behaviors , psychosocial factors , and the social environment . This report examines the long-term effects of a multiple-risk-factor intervention . Methods Postmenopausal women ( N = 279 ) with type 2 diabetes participated in the  Mediterranean Lifestyle Program ( MLP ) , a r and omized , comprehensive lifestyle intervention study . The intervention targeted healthful eating , physical activity , stress management , smoking cessation , and social support . Outcomes included lifestyle behaviors ( i.e. , dietary intake , physical activity , stress management , smoking cessation ) , psychosocial variables ( e.g. , social support , problem solving , self-efficacy , depression , quality of life ) , and cost analyses at baseline , and 6 , 12 , and 24 months . Results MLP participants showed significant 12- and 24-month improvements in all targeted lifestyle behaviors with one exception ( there were too few smokers to analyze tobacco use effects ) , and in psychosocial measures of use of supportive re sources , problem solving , self-efficacy , and quality of life . Conclusion The MLP was more effective than usual care over 24 months in producing improvements on behavioral and psychosocial outcomes . Directions for future research include replication with other population
The pooled main outcomes by r and om-effects model showed significant improvements in HbA1c , self-efficacy , and diabetes knowledge , but not in BMI .
As for quality of life , no conclusions can be drawn as the pooled outcome became the opposite with reduced heterogeneity after one study was excluded .
No significant publication bias was found in the main outcomes .
AIM To synthesize the effects of theory-based self-management educational interventions on patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) in r and omized controlled trials .
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease causing complications that put a heavy burden on society and reduce the quality of life of patients .
Good self-management of diabetes can prevent complications and improve the quality of life of T2DM patients .