The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations , derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature .
BACKGROUND Currently , there is no evidence -based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research setting s. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest- quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion .
The goal was to establish an evidence -based foundation from which to derive , in future work , a definition , diagnostic criteria , and prognostic indicators for concussion .
Mild pediatric traumatic brain injury: a cohort study.
Using a prospect i ve , cohort design , we investigated whether children with mild traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) differed from individually matched controls on measures of intellectual , neuropsychological , academic , and " real world " functioning . Subjects included children between the ages of 6 and 15 years who sustained mild , moderate , and severe closed head injuries and were consecutively identified on presentation to the emergency departments of two regional , university medical centers . One hundred twenty-nine children were eligible for enrollment . Seventeen refused enrollment . Fifty-nine of the 112 enrolled children were classified as mildly injured . Six of these children dropped out , leaving 53 mildly injured cases for analysis . Individually matched controls from the classroom of the injured cases were identified based on age , gender , and premorbid academic achievement and behavior . Assessment measures included  st and ardized intellectual , neuropsychological , and academic measures .  Also ,  parent and teacher question naires , measuring social , educational , domestic , and community living skills  were used . Among 51 outcome variables only five were significantly associated with injury at initial or 1-year testing after adjusting for multiple comparisons . However , these five associations were either very weak or implausible . Results from this study suggest that mild TBI produces virtually no clinical ly significant long-term deficits in intellectual , neuropsychological , academic , or " real world " functioning
The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations , derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature .
BACKGROUND Currently , there is no evidence -based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research setting s. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest- quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion .
The goal was to establish an evidence -based foundation from which to derive , in future work , a definition , diagnostic criteria , and prognostic indicators for concussion .