In conclusion , this review supports the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D is associated with adverse outcomes after diverse surgical procedures .
The importance of vitamin D for musculoskeletal health has long been recognized , and awareness of significant extra-skeletal effects in health and disease is rapidly emerging .
Although it has been possible for many decades to quantify serum markers of vitamin D deficiency , and to correct deficiency at low cost and with high safety , the influence of vitamin D status on post-surgical outcomes has only recently been identified as a research topic of interest .
To the present , these data have not been the subject matter of formal review .
Accordingly , we conducted a systematic review to assess the association between perioperative vitamin D status and outcomes after surgery .
Vitamin D status and outcomes after renal transplantation.
Kidney transplant recipients usually have low vitamin D levels , especially in the early posttransplantation period , but the association between vitamin D status with renal outcomes is not well described in this population . Here , we studied a prospect i ve cohort of 634 kidney recipients who underwent transplantation at a single institution between January 2005 and June 2010 . In this cohort , low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations 3 months after transplantation did not predict early death or graft loss but were independently associated with lower measured GFR at 12 months ( P=0.001 ) and higher risk for interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy ( P=0.01 ) . In contrast , levels of calcium , phosphorus , calcitriol , parathyroid hormone , or fibroblast growth factor-23 were not consistently associated with any of the studied outcomes . In conclusion , low  25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration measured 3 months after transplantation is an independent risk factor for interstitial fibrosis progression and is associated with a lower GFR 1 year after transplantation
In conclusion , this review supports the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D is associated with adverse outcomes after diverse surgical procedures .
The importance of vitamin D for musculoskeletal health has long been recognized , and awareness of significant extra-skeletal effects in health and disease is rapidly emerging .
Although it has been possible for many decades to quantify serum markers of vitamin D deficiency , and to correct deficiency at low cost and with high safety , the influence of vitamin D status on post-surgical outcomes has only recently been identified as a research topic of interest .
To the present , these data have not been the subject matter of formal review .
Accordingly , we conducted a systematic review to assess the association between perioperative vitamin D status and outcomes after surgery .