Significant heterogeneity was not observed by nut type or other factors .
Tree nut intake  lowers total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , ApoB , and triglycerides .
The major determinant of cholesterol lowering appears to be nut dose rather than nut type .
BACKGROUND The effects of nuts on major cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors , including dose-responses and potential heterogeneity by nut type or phytosterol content , are not well established .
OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of tree nuts ( walnuts , pistachios , macadamia nuts , pecans , cashews , almonds , hazelnuts , and Brazil nuts ) on blood lipids [ total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein , and triglycerides ] , lipoproteins [ apolipoprotein A1 , apolipoprotein B ( ApoB ) , and apolipoprotein B100 ] , blood pressure , and inflammation ( C-reactive protein ) in adults aged ≥18 y without prevalent CVD .
Effect of Walnut-Enriched Restructured Meat in the Antioxidant Status of Overweight/Obese Senior Subjects with at Least One Extra CHD-Risk Factor
Background : A number of recent studies indicate that antioxidants reduce the oxidative stress associated with the development of coronary heart diseases ( CHD ) . Objective : ( i ) To investigate whether the erythrocyte catalase ( CAT ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , total glutathione , reduced glutathione ( GSH ) , oxidized glutathione ( GSSG ) , and lipid peroxidation ( LPO ) , and serum uric acid and paraoxonase-1 ( PON1 ) are modified at increased CHD-risk individuals consuming walnut-enriched meat ( WM ) , ( ii ) to evaluate whether these changes were influenced by basal serum cholesterol , body mass index or smoking habit . Design : The study was a non blinded , cross-over , placebo-controlled trial in which 22 volunteers ( 60 % overweight and 40 % obese ) with increased CHD-risk were r and omly assigned to receive WM or control meat ( CM ) during two different periods of 5 weeks . Results : A significant interaction time*treatment ( p < 0.05 ) was observed in all enzymes and substrates tested except HDL-C , uric acid and LPO . The treatment significantly increased CAT activity , total glutathione and GSSG ( p < 0.05 ) . Significant gender*time*treatment interaction ( p = 0.043 ) for total glutathione was found increasing at the end of the WM period in male but not changing in female . Total glutathione and GSH/GSSG ratio ( p < 0.05 ) were lower in smokers . Hypercholesterolemics presented higher uric acid ( p < 0.05 ) but no enzyme activities or substrate concentrations were different from those of normocholesterolemics . Conclusions : The WM tested appears to be a functional food as it improved the antioxidant status of increased CHD-risk volunteers . Despite its high energy content , it also appears adequate for overweight and obese people because did not exert negative effect upon body weight
Significant heterogeneity was not observed by nut type or other factors .
Tree nut intake  lowers total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , ApoB , and triglycerides .
The major determinant of cholesterol lowering appears to be nut dose rather than nut type .
BACKGROUND The effects of nuts on major cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors , including dose-responses and potential heterogeneity by nut type or phytosterol content , are not well established .
OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of tree nuts ( walnuts , pistachios , macadamia nuts , pecans , cashews , almonds , hazelnuts , and Brazil nuts ) on blood lipids [ total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein , and triglycerides ] , lipoproteins [ apolipoprotein A1 , apolipoprotein B ( ApoB ) , and apolipoprotein B100 ] , blood pressure , and inflammation ( C-reactive protein ) in adults aged ≥18 y without prevalent CVD .