Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to risk for Type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Finnish men and women
Aim /hypothesisLeisure-time physical activity can reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes , but the potential effect of different types of physical activity is still uncertain . This study is to examine the relationship of occupational , commuting and leisure-time physical activity with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes . Methods We prospect ively followed 6898 Finnish men and 7392 women of 35 to 64 years of age without a history of stroke , coronary heart disease , or diabetes at baseline . Hazards ratios of incidence of Type 2 diabetes were estimated by levels of occupational , commuting , and leisure-time physical activity . Results During a mean follow-up of 12 years , there were 373 incident cases of Type 2 diabetes . In both men and women combined , the hazards ratios of diabetes associated with light , moderate and active work were 1.00 , 0.70 and 0.74 ( p=0.020 for trend ) after adjustment for confounding factors ( age , study year , sex , systolic blood pressure , smoking , education , the two other types of physical activity and BMI ) . The multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios of diabetes with none , 1 to 29 , and more than 30 min of walking or cycling to and from work were 1.00 , 0.96 , and 0.64 ( p=0.048 for trend ) . The multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios of diabetes for low , moderate , high levels of leisure-time physical activity were 1.00 , 0.67 , and 0.61 ( p=0.001 for trend ) ; after additional adjustment for BMI , the hazards ratio was no longer significant . Conclusions /interpretationModerate and high occupational , commuting or leisure-time physical activity independently and significantly reduces risk of Type 2 diabetes among the middle-aged general population
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .