Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings .
Conclusions Moderate- quality evidence from the present network meta- analysis suggests that D + E can be highly recommended for long-term obesity management .
Furthermore , the evidence suggests a moderate superiority of D over E with respect to anthropometric outcomes .
Background The aim of this meta- analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise ( D + E ) vs. diet ( D ) , D + E vs. exercise ( E ) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese participants .
Exercise in a behavioural weight control programme for obese patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes
Summary Two studies were conducted to determine whether adding exercise to a diet programme promotes weight loss or glycaemic control in Type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetic subjects . In Study 1 , 25 subjects were r and omly assigned to diet plus moderate exercise or diet plus placebo exercise .  All subjects exercised twice a week as a group and once a week on their own ; the diet plus moderate exercise group walked a 3-mile route at each session while the diet plus placebo exercise group did very low intensity exercises such as stretching and light calisthenics . All subjects followed a calorie-counting diet and were taught behaviour modification strategies . Weight losses and improvements in glycaemic control did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups at the end of the 10-week treatment or at 1-year follow-up . In Study 2 , more extreme conditions were compared : a diet only group and a diet plus exercise group . The diet plus exercise group walked a 3-mile route with the group 3 times/week and once a week on their own , while the diet only group was instructed to maintain their current low level of activity . Both groups received comparable diet and behaviour modification instruction and therapist contacts . The diet plus exercise group had significantly ( p<0.01 ) better weight losses than the diet only condition at the end of the 10 week programme ( −9.3 kg vs −5.6 kg ) and at 1 year follow-up ( −7.9 kg vs −3.8 kg ) . Both groups had similar improvements in glycosylated haemoglobin , but reductions in medication were more frequent and greater in magnitude in the diet plus exercise group . Finally , analyses were conducted collapsing across studies and across treatment groups and comparing subjects who reported low , medium , or high levels of exercise at 1 year . Self-reported exercise was related to weight loss and to improvements in glycosylated haemoglobin , even after adjusting for weight loss . These data suggest that the combination of diet and exercise  improves weight loss and glycaemic control compared to diet only in Type 2 diabetic patients
Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings .
Conclusions Moderate- quality evidence from the present network meta- analysis suggests that D + E can be highly recommended for long-term obesity management .
Furthermore , the evidence suggests a moderate superiority of D over E with respect to anthropometric outcomes .
Background The aim of this meta- analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise ( D + E ) vs. diet ( D ) , D + E vs. exercise ( E ) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese participants .