CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults
CONTEXT The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity .
Not a simple fat-soluble vitamin: Changes in serum 25-(OH)D levels are predicted by adiposity and adipocytokines in older adults.
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between body adiposity and change in serum 25-(OH)D levels over 2.6 years , and if these associations are mediated by metabolic and inflammatory factors in older adults . METHODS This is a longitudinal study of 859 r and omly selected subjects ( mean 62 years , range 51 - 80 , 49 % women ) . Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25-(OH)D ] was assessed by radioimmunoassay at baseline and 2.6 years later . Baseline serum level of leptin  was assessed by radioimmunoassay and interleukin (IL)-6 by a chemiluminescent immunoassay in the first 183 subjects . RESULTS In multivariable analyses , body mass index , trunk fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio were significant predictors of increased incident vitamin D deficiency [ a 25-(OH)D < 50 nmol L⁻¹ at follow-up when ≥50 nmol L⁻¹ at baseline ] and decreased recovery of vitamin D deficiency [ a 25-(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol L⁻¹ at follow-up when < 50 nmol L⁻¹ at baseline ] . Change in 25-(OH)D levels per annum was also independently predicted by baseline leptin ( β : -0.09/unit , 95 % CI : -0.17 , -0.03 ) , IL-6 ( β : -0.68/quartile , 95 % CI : -1.35 , -0.02 ) and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) ratio ( β : -0.51 , 95 % CI : -0.88 , -0.14 ) . The associations between body adiposity measures and change in 25-(OH)D completely disappeared after adjustment for leptin , diminished after adjustment for IL-6 , but remained unchanged after adjustment for total cholesterol/HDL ratio . All associations were independent of season and sun exposure . CONCLUSIONS Body fat is not simply a passive reservoir for 25-(OH)D. In addition to season and sun exposure , 25-(OH)D levels appear to be determined by metabolic and , to a lesser extent , inflammatory factors , and these appear to mediate the effects of adiposity on change in
CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults
CONTEXT The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity .