None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .
Effects of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on blood lipids, vascular function and oxidative stress in healthy subjects.
Mediterranean-inspired diets have been shown to decrease cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolaemia , who frequently exhibit endothelial dysfunction . The aims of the present study are to improve endothelial function by dietary intervention in healthy subjects with lipid levels representative of a Western population . Twenty-two healthy subjects ( mean total cholesterol , 5.6 mmol/l ) were given a Mediterranean-inspired diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and sterol esters , but low in saturated fat , or an ordinary Swedish diet , for 4 weeks in a r and omized cross-over study . The composition of the diets were : in the Swedish diet , 2090 kcal ( where 1 kcal=4.184 kJ ; 48 % of energy from carbohydrate , 15 % from protein and 36 % from fat ) and 19 g of fibre ; in the Mediterranean-inspired diet , 1869 kcal ( 48 % of energy from carbohydrate , 16 % from protein , 34 % from fat ) and 40 g of fibre . After each dietary period , fasting blood lipids , insulin and glucose levels , as well as apo B ( apolipoprotein B ) and LDL ( low-density lipoprotein ) particle size , were analysed . Endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilation was measured invasively by venous occlusion plethysmography , and arterial distensibility was assessed by echocardiography tracking . Fibrinolytic capacity across the forearm , as well as oxidative stress measured through urinary F(2)-isoprostane , were evaluated . Total , LDL- and apo B-cholesterol and triacylglycerol ( triglyceride ) concentrations were decreased by 17 % , 22 % , 16 % and 17 % respectively , after the Mediterranean-inspired diet compared with the Swedish diet ( P < 0.05 for all ) . However , no differences in plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and LDL particle size , endothelial function , arterial distensibility , fibrinolytic capacity or oxidative stress were detected . Treatment for 4 weeks with a Mediterranean-inspired diet decreased blood lipids in healthy individuals with a low-risk profile for cardiovascular disease . This beneficial effect was not mirrored in vascular function or oxidative stress evaluation
None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .