Meta-regression did not show any significant association between the RR for NEC or LOS and the RR for BPD .
In conclusion , our results suggest that NEC and LOS prevention by probiotics does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants
Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and late-onset sepsis ( LOS )  in preterm infants , but it remains to be determined whether this reduction translates into a reduction of other complications .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the possible role of probiotics in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) .
Probiotics to minimize the disruption of faecal microbiota in healthy subjects undergoing antibiotic therapy.
A novel combination of culturing and DNA-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ( TRFLP ) analysis was used to investigate the effect of probiotics on  antibiotic-induced gut microbiota alterations  to determine if a probiotic preparation containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli , taken during and after antibiotic therapy , can minimize antibiotic disturbance of faecal microbiota . Healthy subjects administered amoxicillin/clavulanate  were r and omized and concomitantly received a placebo or probiotic mixture . The primary end point was similarity of faecal microbiota as determined by culturing and TRFLP from subjects taking  probiotics  compared to those taking a placebo measured by comparing data from baseline to post-treatment for each subject . TRFLP analysis revealed a high subject to subject variation in the baseline faecal microbiota . The most common antibiotic-induced disturbance was a relative increase in Clostridium , Eubacterium , Bacteroides and Enterobacteraceae . The mean similarity to the baseline increased over time in both treatment groups , although the probiotic group was less disturbed according to both TRFLP and culture data . The culture method revealed that post-antibiotic faecal microbiota in probiotic-consuming subjects were more similar to the baseline microbiota than the control group ( P=0.046 ) . Changes in Enterobactereaceae ( P=0.006 ) and Bifidobacterium ( P=0.030 ) counts were significantly different between the groups . Analysis of TRFLP data reinforced the trend between groups but was not statistically significant ( P=0.066 ) . This study indicates this mixture of probiotics promotes a more rapid return to pre-antibiotic baseline faecal bacterial microbiota
Meta-regression did not show any significant association between the RR for NEC or LOS and the RR for BPD .
In conclusion , our results suggest that NEC and LOS prevention by probiotics does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants
Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and late-onset sepsis ( LOS )  in preterm infants , but it remains to be determined whether this reduction translates into a reduction of other complications .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the possible role of probiotics in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) .