The heterogeneity in reported effects was reduced in higher quality studies , when physical activity was self-directed with some professional guidance and when there was on-going professional support .
Our review suggests that physical activity interventions have a moderate effect on self reported physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness , but not on achieving a predetermined level of physical activity .
Due to the clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the studies , only limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of individual components of the interventions .
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies to enable people to achieve an increase in their physical activity .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions for promoting physical activity in adults aged 16 years and older , not living in an institution .
Promoting and maintaining physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND Limited research has investigated how to promote physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes . This study evaluated physical activity counseling over 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes . DESIGN Participants were given st and ard exercise information and r and omly assigned to receive physical activity counseling or not . Data were collected from September 2000 through to September 2002 and analyzed from October 2002 to February 2003 . SETTING / PARTICIPANTS Diabetes outpatient clinic . Seventy inactive people with type 2 diabetes . INTERVENTION Physical activity counseling , based on the transtheoretical model , combined motivational theory and cognitive behavioral strategies into an individualized intervention to promote physical activity . Consultations were delivered at baseline and 6 months , with phone calls at 1 and 3 months post-consultation . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes from baseline at 12 months in physical activity ( 7-day recall and accelerometer ) , stages and processes of exercise behavior change . RESULTS Between-group differences were recorded in physical activity ( recall and accelerometer ) at 12 months ( p < 0.01 ) . Experimental participants significantly increased total activity ( median difference , 115 minutes ; 95 % confidence interval [CI]=73 - 150 minutes ) . Control participants recorded no significant change ( median difference , -15 minutes ; 95 % CI=-53 - 13 minutes ) . The accelerometer experimental participants recorded no significant change ( mean difference , 416,632 counts ; 95 % CI=-27,743 , 1,051,007 counts/week ) , while control participants recorded a significant decrease ( mean difference , -669,061 counts ; 95 % CI=-1,292,285 , -45,837 counts/week ) . At 12 months , more experimental participants compared to controls were in active stages of behavior(6-month chi(2)=26.4 , p < 0.01 ; 12-month chi(2)=19.9 , p < 0.01 , respectively ) . Between-group differences were recorded at 12 months for the frequency of using all processes ( p < 0.01 ) , except dramatic relief and stimulus control . CONCLUSIONS Physical activity counseling was effective for promoting physical activity over 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes
The heterogeneity in reported effects was reduced in higher quality studies , when physical activity was self-directed with some professional guidance and when there was on-going professional support .
Our review suggests that physical activity interventions have a moderate effect on self reported physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness , but not on achieving a predetermined level of physical activity .
Due to the clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the studies , only limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of individual components of the interventions .
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies to enable people to achieve an increase in their physical activity .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions for promoting physical activity in adults aged 16 years and older , not living in an institution .