Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
Structured exercise improves physical functioning in women with stages I and II breast cancer: results of a randomized controlled trial.
PURPOSE Self-directed and supervised exercise were compared with usual care in a clinical trial design ed to evaluate the effect of structured exercise on physical functioning and other dimensions of health-related quality of life in women with stages I and II breast cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-three women with stages I and II breast cancer completed baseline evaluations of generic and disease- and site-specific health-related quality of life , aerobic capacity , and body weight . Participants were r and omly allocated to one of three intervention groups : usual care ( control group ) , self-directed exercise , or supervised exercise .  Quality of life , aerobic capacity , and body weight measures were repeated at 26 weeks . The primary outcome was the change in the Short Form-36 physical functioning scale between baseline and 26 weeks . RESULTS Physical functioning in the control group decreased by 4.1 points , whereas it increased by 5.7 points and 2.2 points in the self-directed and supervised exercise groups , respectively ( P = .04 ) . Post hoc analysis showed a moderately large ( and clinical ly important ) difference between the self-directed and control groups ( 9.8 points ; P = .01 ) and a more modest difference between the supervised and control groups ( 6.3 points ; P = .09 ) . No significant differences between groups were observed for changes in quality of life scores . In a secondary analysis of participants stratified by type of adjuvant therapy , supervised exercise improved aerobic capacity ( + 3.5 mL/kg/min ; P = .01 ) and reduced body weight ( -4.8 kg ; P < .05 ) compared with usual care only in participants not receiving chemotherapy . CONCLUSION Physical exercise can blunt some of the negative side effects of breast cancer treatment , including reduced physical functioning .  Self-directed exercise is an effective way to improve physical functioning compared with usual care . In participants not receiving chemotherapy  , supervised exercise may increase aerobic capacity and reduce body weight compared with usual care
Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?