All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Does tramadol wound infiltration offer an advantage over bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children following herniotomy?
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that tramadol is an effective analgesic . We aim ed to compare postoperative analgesic effects of wound infiltration with tramadol ( T ) or bupivacaine ( B ) and intramuscular tramadol ( I )  after herniotomy in children . METHODS In this study , 75 children were r and omly assigned to group T , group B and group I.  Wound infiltration was performed to the patients in group T ( 2 mg.kg-1 tramadol in 0.2 ml.kg-1 saline ) and group B ( 0.2 ml.kg-1 0.25 % bupivacaine ) into the surgical incision . Twenty minutes before the end of the surgery 2 mg.kg-1 tramadol was injected i.m . in group I. Faces pain scale was used for assessing pain severity . Patients with pain score>2 were treated with paracetamol . The frequency of side effects and analgesic use were recorded . Patients were discharged on the next day . RESULTS No side effects were recorded in any group . The pain scores of the patients at the first , fourth and eighth hours were significantly higher in group B and group I than group T ( P<0.05 ) . The pain scores of the patients at the first hour were significantly higher in group I compared with group B ( P<0.05 ) . Average time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in group T ( 6.72+/-4.09 h after herniotomy than both group I ( 4.49+/-3.9 h ) and group B ( 6.04+/-3.7 h ) ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Wound infiltration with tramadol may be a good choice for postoperative analgesia in children having inguinal herniotomy
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .