Resiniferatoxin was not associated with sustained differences in the review outcomes reported but pain during instillation and withdrawal from treatment was significantly more common .
Groups treated with BCG tended to report less pain and fewer general symptoms .
Although adverse events were commonly reported , these were no more common after BCG than after placebo instillation .
The few data about Pentosanpolysulphate tended to favour the actively treated , but with wide confidence intervals ; there was little information about adverse events .
Oxybutinin instillation was associated with increased bladder capacity , reduced frequency , improved quality of life scores and fewer drop-outs .
Alkalinisation of urine pH did not make any clear difference , but with potentially wide confidence intervals .
BCG and oxybutin are reasonably well-tolerated and evidence is most promising for these .
Resiniferatoxin showed no evidence of effect for most outcomes and caused pain , which reduced treatment compliance .
There is little evidence for the other treatments included in this review .
BACKGROUND Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis ( PBS/IC ) occurs predominantly in women .
It is a poorly-understood condition with symptoms of bladder pain , urinary frequency , urgency and nocturia .
Treatments for PBS/IC include dietary/lifestyle interventions , oral medication , intravesical instillations and , in some cases , surgery .
Success rates are generally modest and there is little consensus as to the best form of treatment for this condition .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of intravesical treatment for PBS/IC .
A placebo-controlled study of intravesical pentosanpolysulphate for the treatment of interstitial cystitis.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intravesical pentosanpolysulphate ( PPS ) compared with placebo in patients with interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for IC participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study ; 10 received intravesical PPS ( 300 mg in 50 mL of 0.9 % sodium chloride ) applied twice a week for 3 months and the other 10 received a placebo .  Symptomatic relief and objective variables ( bladder capacity voiding volumes and urinary frequency ) were assessed after 3 months and the long-term outcome of those continuing treatment was determined . RESULTS Of the patients treated with PPS , four gained significant symptomatic relief compared with only two receiving placebo . Only the urodynamic bladder capacity showed a statistically significant increase in patients treated with PPS ( P = 0.047 ) . At 18 months from the start of the study , the symptoms were relieved in eight patients while still receiving PPS instillations and in four without treatment . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intravesical PPS is an effective option for the treatment of IC and shows that the intravesical application of PPS is a safe treatment with no important side-effects
Resiniferatoxin was not associated with sustained differences in the review outcomes reported but pain during instillation and withdrawal from treatment was significantly more common .
Groups treated with BCG tended to report less pain and fewer general symptoms .
Although adverse events were commonly reported , these were no more common after BCG than after placebo instillation .
The few data about Pentosanpolysulphate tended to favour the actively treated , but with wide confidence intervals ; there was little information about adverse events .
Oxybutinin instillation was associated with increased bladder capacity , reduced frequency , improved quality of life scores and fewer drop-outs .
Alkalinisation of urine pH did not make any clear difference , but with potentially wide confidence intervals .
BCG and oxybutin are reasonably well-tolerated and evidence is most promising for these .
Resiniferatoxin showed no evidence of effect for most outcomes and caused pain , which reduced treatment compliance .
There is little evidence for the other treatments included in this review .
BACKGROUND Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis ( PBS/IC ) occurs predominantly in women .
It is a poorly-understood condition with symptoms of bladder pain , urinary frequency , urgency and nocturia .
Treatments for PBS/IC include dietary/lifestyle interventions , oral medication , intravesical instillations and , in some cases , surgery .
Success rates are generally modest and there is little consensus as to the best form of treatment for this condition .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of intravesical treatment for PBS/IC .