Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”
Effects of ergonomic intervention in work with video display units.
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of an intensive ergonomic approach and education on workstation changes and  musculoskeletal disorders among workers who used a video display unit ( VDU ) . METHODS A r and omized controlled design was used . The subjects ( N=124 ) were allocated into three groups ( intensive ergonomics , ergonomic education , reference ) using stratified r and om sampling . The evaluation involved question naires , a diary of discomfort , measurements of workload , and an ergonomic rating of the workstations . The assessment s were made 2 weeks before the intervention and after 2 and 10 months of follow-up . RESULTS The intensive and training groups showed less musculoskeletal discomfort than the reference group after 2 months of follow-up . Positive effects on discomfort were seen primarily for the shoulder , neck , and upper back areas . No significant differences were found for the strain levels or prevalence of pain . After the intervention the ergonomic level was distinctly higher in the intensive ergonomic group than in the education or reference group . CONCLUSIONS Both the intensive ergonomics approach and education in ergonomics help reduce discomfort in VDU work . In attempts to improve the physical ergonomics of VDU workstations , the best result will be achieved with cooperative planning in which both workers and practitioners are actively involved
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”