There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Stanford GEMS phase 2 obesity prevention trial for low-income African-American girls: design and sample baseline characteristics.
OBJECTIVE African-American girls and women are at high risk of obesity and its associated morbidities . Few studies have tested obesity prevention strategies specifically design ed for African-American girls . This report describes the design and baseline findings of the Stanford GEMS ( Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies ) trial to test the effect of a two-year community- and family-based intervention to reduce weight gain in low-income , pre-adolescent African-American girls . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial with measurements scheduled in girls ' homes at baseline , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 month post-r and omization . SETTING Low-income areas of Oakl and , CA . PARTICIPANTS Eight , nine and ten year old African-American girls and their parents/caregivers . INTERVENTIONS Girls are r and omized to a culturally-tailored after-school dance program and a home/family-based intervention to reduce screen media use versus an information-based community health education Active-Placebo Comparison intervention . Interventions last for 2 years for each participant . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Change in body mass index over the two-year study . RESULTS Recruitment and enrollment successfully produced a predominately low-socioeconomic status sample . Two-hundred sixty one ( 261 ) families were r and omized . One girl per family is r and omly chosen for the analysis sample . R and omization produced comparable experimental groups with only a few statistically significant differences . The sample had a mean body mass index ( BMI ) at the 74 th percentile on the 2000 CDC BMI reference , and one-third of the analysis sample had a BMI at the 95th percentile or above . Average fasting total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were above NCEP thresholds for borderline high classifications . Girls averaged low levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity , more than 3 h per day of screen media use , and diets high in energy from fat . CONCLUSIONS The Stanford GEMS trial is testing the benefits of culturally-tailored after-school dance and screen-time reduction interventions for obesity prevention in low-income , pre-adolescent African-American girls
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .