Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .
Effect of atorvastatin and fish oil on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in individuals with visceral obesity.
BACKGROUND Chronic low- grade inflammation may contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in visceral obesity .  Statin and fish oil have been reported to have antiinflammatory effects . We studied whether dyslipidemic , obese individuals have increased plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) concentrations and whether treatment with atorvastatin and fish oil lowered plasma hs-CRP concentrations . METHODS We compared plasma hs-CRP , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) concentrations in 48 obese individuals with the concentrations in 10 lean normolipidemic men . The obese individuals were then r and omized to treatment with atorvastatin ( 40 mg/day ) , fish oil ( 4 g/day ) , atorvastatin plus fish oil , or matching placebo for 6 weeks . RESULTS Compared with controls , obese individuals had increased hs-CRP [ geometric mean , 2.19 mg/L ( 95 % confidence interval , 2.15 - 3.15 mg/L ) vs 0.49 mg/L ( 0.30- 0.93 mg/L ) ; P < 0.001 ] and IL-6 [ 351 pg/L ( 318 - 449 pg/L ) vs 251 pg/L ( 211 - 305 pg/L ) ; P < 0.01 ] . Atorvastatin treatment had a significant main effect of decreasing plasma hs-CRP ( -0.87 mg/L ; 95 % confidence interval , -0.10 to -1.60 mg/L ; P < 0.01 ) and IL-6 ( -70 pg/L ; 10 to -140 pg/L ; P < 0.01 ) , but this was not seen with fish oil . The reductions in hs-CRP with atorvastatin were not significantly correlated to changes in plasma lipids , IL-6 , insulin resistance , or cholesterogenesis . Plasma TNF-alpha concentrations in obese individuals , however , were neither statistically different from concentrations in the lean controls nor altered with atorvastatin or fish oil treatment . CONCLUSIONS This study shows that visceral obesity is associated with increased plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 and , hence , a low- grade chronic inflammatory state and that treatment with atorvastatin or atorvastatin with fish oil , but not fish oil alone , reverses this abnormality
Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .