In this latter study , outcomes were better for girls and for children on medication .
Positive results on an inventory of child behaviour problems were reported for one small study ( n = 24 ) with the caveat that results were only positive when parent training was delivered to individuals and not groups .
Results for this outcome from a small study ( n = 24 ) suggested a long-term benefit for mothers who received the intervention at an individual level ; in contrast , fathers benefited from short-term group treatment .
Parent training may have a positive effect on the behaviour of children with ADHD .
It may also reduce parental stress and enhance parental confidence .
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by high levels of inattention , hyperactivity and impulsivity that are present before the age of seven years , seen in a range of situations , inconsistent with the child 's developmental level and causing social or academic impairment .
Parent training programmes are psychosocial interventions aim ed at training parents in techniques to enable them to manage their children 's challenging behaviour .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether parent training interventions are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms and associated problems in children aged between five and eigtheen years with a diagnosis of ADHD , compared to controls with no parent training intervention .
Evidence, Interpretation, and Qualification From Multiple Reports of Long-Term Outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA)
Objective : To review and provide details about the primary and secondary findings from the Multimodal Treatment study of ADHD ( MTA ) published during the past decade as three sets of articles . Method : In the second of a two part article , we provide additional background and detail required by the complexity of the MTA to address confusion and controversy about the findings outlined in part I ( the Executive Summary ) . Results : We present details about the gold st and ard used to produce scientific evidence , the r and omized clinical trial ( RCT ) , which we applied to evaluate the long-term effects of two well-established unimodal treatments , Medication Management ( MedMGT ) and behavior therapy ( Beh ) , the multimodal combination ( Comb ) , and treatment “ as usual ” in the community ( CC ) . For each of the first three assessment points defined by RCT methods and included in intent-to-treat analyses , we discuss our definition of evidence from the MTA , interpretation of the serial presentations of findings at each assessment point with a different definition of long-term varying from weeks to years , and qualification of the interim conclusions about long-term effects of treatments for ADHD based on many exploratory analyses described in additional published articles . Conclusions : Using a question and answer format , we discuss the possible clinical relevance of the MTA and present some practical suggestions based on current knowledge and uncertainties facing families , clinicians , and investigators regarding the long-term use of stimulant medication and behavioral therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD . ( J. of Att . Dis . 2008 ; 12(1 ) 15 - 43
In this latter study , outcomes were better for girls and for children on medication .
Positive results on an inventory of child behaviour problems were reported for one small study ( n = 24 ) with the caveat that results were only positive when parent training was delivered to individuals and not groups .
Results for this outcome from a small study ( n = 24 ) suggested a long-term benefit for mothers who received the intervention at an individual level ; in contrast , fathers benefited from short-term group treatment .
Parent training may have a positive effect on the behaviour of children with ADHD .
It may also reduce parental stress and enhance parental confidence .
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by high levels of inattention , hyperactivity and impulsivity that are present before the age of seven years , seen in a range of situations , inconsistent with the child 's developmental level and causing social or academic impairment .
Parent training programmes are psychosocial interventions aim ed at training parents in techniques to enable them to manage their children 's challenging behaviour .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether parent training interventions are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms and associated problems in children aged between five and eigtheen years with a diagnosis of ADHD , compared to controls with no parent training intervention .