The most common concordant comorbidity was hypertension while depression was the most common discordant condition .
Adherence to medications was the most frequent diabetes self-care behavior reported and tended to be higher among concordant comorbidities .
The findings showed mixed results concerning the effect of some concordant comorbidities such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , retinopathy , and heart failure on diabetes self-care behaviors .
But , there is agreement across studies that diabetes-discordant comorbidities have a more detrimental effect on self-care behaviors .
Conclusions : Concordant comorbidities may improve diabetes self-care , but the evidence is inconclusive .
Background : Most patients with Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) have high number of comorbid chronic conditions that can affect their self-care abilities .
Guidelines for diabetes self-care behaviors are disease specific with little attention given to managing T2D with other comorbidities .
Identifying comorbidities that either improve or potentially diminish the individual 's capacity to perform effective self-care behaviors is essential to enhance clinical outcomes .
One such framework conceptualizes comorbidities as concordant or discordant with diabetes pathophysiological pathways and care goals .
Objective : The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the role of diabetes-concordant and discordant chronic conditions on the performance of self-care behaviors in adults with T2D .
A pilot test of an integrated self-care intervention for persons with heart failure and concomitant diabetes.
Studies show 30 % to 47 % of people with heart failure ( HF ) have concomitant diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . Self-care for persons with both of these chronic conditions is conflicting , complex , and often inadequate . This pilot study tested an integrated self-care program for its effects on HF and DM knowledge , self-care efficacy , self-care behaviors , and quality of life ( QOL ) .  Hospitalized HF-DM participants ( N = 71 ) were r and omized to usual care or intervention using a 1:2 allocation and followed at 30 and 90 days after intervention . Intervention was an integrated education and counseling program focused on HF-DM self-care . Variables included demographic and clinical data , knowledge about HF and DM , HF- and DM-specific self-efficacy , st and ard HF and DM QOL scales , and HF and DM self-care behaviors . Analysis included descriptive statistics , multilevel longitudinal models for group and time effects , post hoc testing , and effect size calculations . Sidak adjustments were used to control for type 1 error inflation . The integrated HF-DM self-care intervention conferred effects on improved HF knowledge ( 30 days , p = .05 ) , HF self-care maintenance ( 30 and 90 days , p < .001 ) , HF self-care management ( 90 days , p = .05 ) , DM self-efficacy ( 30 days , p = .03 ; 90 days , p = .004 ) , general diet ( 30 days , p = .05 ) , HF physical QOL ( p = .04 ) , and emotional QOL scores ( p = .05 ) at 90 days within the intervention group . The participants in the usual care group also reported increased total and physical QOL . Greater percentages of participants in the intervention group improved self reported exercise between 0 and 30 days ( p = .005 and moderate effect size ES = .47 ) and foot care between 0 and 90 days ( p = .03 , small ES = .36 ) . No group differences or improvements in DM-specific QOL were observed . An integrated HF-DM self-care intervention was effective in improving essential components of self-care and had sustained ( 90 day ) effects on selected self-care behaviors . Future studies testing HF-DM integrated self-care interventions in larger sample s with longer follow-up and on other outcomes such as hospitalization and clinical markers are warranted
The most common concordant comorbidity was hypertension while depression was the most common discordant condition .
Adherence to medications was the most frequent diabetes self-care behavior reported and tended to be higher among concordant comorbidities .
The findings showed mixed results concerning the effect of some concordant comorbidities such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , retinopathy , and heart failure on diabetes self-care behaviors .
But , there is agreement across studies that diabetes-discordant comorbidities have a more detrimental effect on self-care behaviors .
Conclusions : Concordant comorbidities may improve diabetes self-care , but the evidence is inconclusive .
Background : Most patients with Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) have high number of comorbid chronic conditions that can affect their self-care abilities .
Guidelines for diabetes self-care behaviors are disease specific with little attention given to managing T2D with other comorbidities .
Identifying comorbidities that either improve or potentially diminish the individual 's capacity to perform effective self-care behaviors is essential to enhance clinical outcomes .
One such framework conceptualizes comorbidities as concordant or discordant with diabetes pathophysiological pathways and care goals .
Objective : The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the role of diabetes-concordant and discordant chronic conditions on the performance of self-care behaviors in adults with T2D .