As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Improving Adiponectin Levels in Individuals With Diabetes and Obesity: Insights From Look AHEAD
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether fitness changes result ing from lifestyle interventions for weight loss may independently contribute to the improvement of low adiponectin levels in obese individuals with diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD ( Action for Health in Diabetes ) r and omized overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes to intensive lifestyle intervention ( ILI ) for weight loss or to diabetes support and education ( DSE ) .  Total and high – molecular weight adiponectin ( adiponectins ) , weight , and cardiorespiratory fitness ( submaximal exercise stress test ) were measured in 1,397 participants at baseline and at 1 year , when ILI was most intense . Regression analyses examined the associations of 1-year weight and fitness changes with change in adiponectins . RESULTS ILI result ed in greater improvements in weight , fitness , and adiponectins at 1 year compared with DSE ( P < 0.0001 ) . Weight loss and improved fitness were each associated with changes in adiponectins in men and women ( P < 0.001 for all ) , after adjusting for baseline adiponectins , demographics , clinical variables , and treatment arm . Weight loss contributed an additional 4–5 % to the variance of change in adiponectins than did increased fitness in men ; in women , the contributions of improved fitness ( 1 % greater ) and of weight loss were similar . When weight and fitness changes were both accounted for , weight loss in men and increased fitness in women retained their strong associations ( P < 0.0001 ) with adiponectin change . CONCLUSIONS Improvements in fitness and weight with ILI were favorably but distinctly associated with changes in adiponectin levels  in overweight/obese men and women with diabetes . Future studies need to investigate whether sex-specific biological determinants contribute to the observed associations
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .