This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Use of subdiaphragmatic bupivacaine instillation to control postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery.
Although postoperative pain has been reduced significantly since the advent of laparoscopic surgery , many patients still complain of moderate abdominal and shoulder pain during the first 48 to 72 h after surgery . In this study , the effect of subdiaphragmatic instillation of bupivacaine after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was investigated . The evaluation of postoperative pain was done according to a numerical verbal scale and the dose of analgesia required . The results showed a considerable reduction of postoperative pain during the first 48 h after surgery in patients who received  bupivacaine instillation . Although the literature shows certain controversy as to the effects of similar methods , our study concludes that instillation of a long-acting anesthetic , such as bupivacaine , into the subdiaphragmatic space after laparoscopic procedures is effective in postoperative pain reduction
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .