There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .
Beneficial Effects of Palatable Guar and Guar Plus Fructose Diets in Diabetic Children
This r and omized cross‐over study evaluates the effects of extended , guar and guar + fructose diets on the metabolic balance of children with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) . We studied 22 children ; mean age 12.2 years , mean duration of diabetes 4.4 years . The diet was supplemented for three weeks with guar in palatable form ( 5 % of daily carbohydrate intake ) and with guar + fructose ( 1 g of fructose/kg body weight , max 30 g/d ) for another three weeks . A control group ( 8 children , mean age 12.3 , duration of diabetes 4.3 years ) followed the same experimental protocol without guar supplementation .  The metabolic balance was assessed by glucosuria index ( per cent of tests with less than 1 % glucosuria from all urine tests ) and measurements of red cell glycohaemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) . Serum total and HDL‐choiesterol , C‐peptide , pancreatic and enteroglucagon were also measured . HbA1c decreased during guar ( p<0.001 ) and guar + fructose diet ( p<0.001 ) . The glucosuria index improved ( p<0.02 ) and the serum total cholesterol concentration decreased ( p<0.02 ) during the experimental guar diets . Guar in acceptable form and quantity in the diet appears to improve metabolic control of diabetic children
There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .