Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .
[Postoperative course and endocrine stress reaction of geriatric patients with para-articular hip fractures. Prospective randomized study comparing spinal anesthesia and halothane intubation narcosis].
During a period of one year , all patients above the age of 60 with surgical repair of fractured neck of femur were investigated in a prospect ively r and omized design . A follow-up study included a total number of 56 patients , 32 were allocated to halothane anaesthesia with intubation , 24 received spinal anaesthesia .  In addition , 15 patients of the halothane group and 17 patients with spinal anaesthesia  were investigated with regard to endocrine stress response . Total mortality was 12.5 % , and different anaesthetic management had no influence on the postoperative course . During the operation , adrenaline and ADH increased in both groups . This increase was attenuated by spinal anaesthesia .  Noradrenaline was markedly increased even before the operation , and concentrations increased in the halothane group in the course of the operation . There was a linear correlation to time between accident and the beginning of the operation . With regard to endocrine parameters , prompt surgical treatment is beneficial
Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .