D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Blood pressure rise with swimming versus walking in older women: the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2 (SWEAT 2)
Objective Swimming is often recommended in the prevention and treatment of  hypertension . Few studies have investigated the effect of swimming training on blood pressure ( BP ) . Our objective was to evaluate 6 months of supervised moderate swimming or walking on BP in previously sedentary , normotensive , older women . Design Women aged 50–70 years ( n = 116 ) were r and omly assigned to a supervised 6-month swimming or walking programme . They were further r and omized to receive usual care or a behavioural intervention package . Methods Exercise comprised 3 sessions/week with a warm-up , cool down , and 30-min of moderate intensity walking or swimming . BP was recorded for 20 min supine , and 5 min st and ing . Assessment s were made at 0 and 6 months . Results At baseline , mean supine BP ( ± SD ) was 115.7 ± 1.3/66.8 ± 0.7 mmHg . Swimming  improved swim distance by 78.1 m ( 29.3 % ) [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ; 66.7 , 89.4 ] and walk time by 0.58 min ( 3.8 % ) ( 0.41 , 0.74 ) . Walking decreased walk time by 1.0 min ( 6.5 % ) ( 0.81 , 1.19 ) . After adjustment for initial BP , age , hypertension treatment status and change in weight , swimming increased supine and st and ing systolic BP relative to walking by 4.4 mmHg ( 1.2 , 7.5 ) ( P = 0.008 ) and 6.0 mmHg ( 2.6 , 9.5 ) ( P = 0.001 ) , respectively . Supine and st and ing diastolic BP increased by 1.4 mmHg ( −0.14 , 3.0 ) ( P = 0.07 ) and 1.8 mmHg ( −0.02 , 3.5 ) ( P = 0.05 ) , respectively . Conclusion Relative to moderately paced walking , regular swimming significantly elevates BP in previously sedentary , normotensive , older women . This finding may have important implication s for exercise prescription in older subjects
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .