Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”
Effects of an ergonomic training program on workers with video display units.
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of an ergonomic training program on workstation changes and on the prevalence of  musculoskeletal disorders among video display unit ( VDU ) users at a large university . METHODS A pretest-posttest design with a reference group was used with r and om allocation of administrative and geographic units . In each group , the measurements involved direct observation of the workstations , a self-administered question naire , and a physical examination . The measurements were performed 2 weeks before and 6 months after the training in parallel in both groups . The study population was composed of 627 workers ( 81 % of those eligible ) . RESULTS The prevalence of all 3 of the postural stressors evaluated decreased in the experimental group after the training . In the reference group , 2 of the 3 stressors decreased in frequency but to a less extent . Some of these beneficial changes were more frequent in workers under 40 years of age . The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders decreased among the workers under 40 years of age in the experimental group , from 29 % to 13 % determined by question naire and from 19 % to 3 % determined by physical examination . In other groups , there was no significant change in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders . CONCLUSIONS Improvements in postural stressors occurred more frequently in the experimental group , and these beneficial changes tended to be more frequent in workers under 40 years of age . Improvements in musculoskeletal disorders occurred in the experimental group among the workers under 40 years of age
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”