Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .
Amylose resistant starch (HAM-RS2) supplementation increases the proportion of Faecalibacterium bacteria in end-stage renal disease patients: Microbial analysis from a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION Many of the deleterious effects associated with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) are secondary to the result ant systemic inflammation . The gut microbial changes caused by CKD are thought to perpetuate systemic inflammation . Therefore , strategies aim ed at modulating the gut microbiota may be helpful in reducing complications associated with CKD . We hypothesized that supplementation with high-amylose maize resistant starch type 2 ( HAM-RS2 ) would beneficially alter the gut microbiome and lead to lower levels of systemic inflammation . METHODS A double-blind , parallel , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial was performed comparing dietary supplementation of HAM-RS2 with placebo in patients with end-stage CKD .  Fecal microbial data were obtained from a subset of patients after DNA extraction and 16s sequencing . FINDINGS Supplementation of HAM-RS2 led to a decrease in serum urea , IL-6 , TNFα , and malondialdehyde ( P < 0.05 ) . The Faecalibacterium genus was significantly increased in relative abundance following HAM-RS2 supplementation ( HAM-RS2-Day 0 : 0.40 ± 0.50 vs. HAM-RS2-Day 56 : 3.21 ± 4.97 P = 0.03 ) and was unchanged by placebo ( Control-Day 0 : 0.72 ± 0.72 vs. Control-Day 56 : 0.83 ± 1.57 P = 0.5 ) . DISCUSSION Supplementation of amylose resistant starch , HAM-RS2 , in patients with CKD led to an elevation in Faecalibacterium and decrease in systemic inflammation . Microbial manipulation in CKD patients by using the prebiotic fiber may exert an anti-inflammatory effect through an elevation in the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium
Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .