None of the review ed measurement tools demonstrated satisfactory results for all psychometric properties evaluated , and the majority lacked evidence concerning validity and absolute reliability .
This systematic review found limited evidence to support the use of most of clinical measures of spasticity for people post-stroke .
This review identified various clinical measures of spasticity that have been investigated in people after stroke .
PURPOSE To identify and appraise the literature on clinical measures of spasticity that has been investigated in people after stroke .
Reliability of potential clinical measures of muscle tone in the elbows of patients after stroke.
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the reliability of  joint resting position ( EJP ) , resistance to passive movement ( ERM ) , and the angle of appearance of the resistance ( EAR )  as measures of muscle hypertonus of elbow flexors in patients after stroke . Previously , similar measures had been found reliable when applied to measuring shoulder and wrist hypertonus in patients after stroke . METHOD Forty-five subjects with stroke were r and omly selected from occupational therapy admissions at two rehabilitation centers .  Tone of elbow flexors was measured twice at the same sitting by two examiners . EJP and EAR were measured with a goniometer , and ERM was measured with a resistance rating scale .  Correlations were calculated between first and second measurements by center and by high tone and poor upper extremity function subgroups ( with correction for multiple correlations ) to determine reliability . RESULTS Each of the three measures was highly reliable as demonstrated by a high correlation in at least one of the subgroups ( Center 1 : EJP , r = .964 for high tone subgroup ; ERM , r = .789 , EAR , r = .902 , both in poor upper extremity function subgroup ; and Center 2 : EJP , r = .892 , ERM , r = .938 , both in poor upper extremity function subgroup ; EAR , r = .666 for all subjects ; all p values < .05 ) . Correlations were especially high when data for subjects with high upper extremity function were eliminated . CONCLUSION Reliability of these three methods of measuring upper extremity muscle tone enhances their usefulness as well as therapists ' confidence in their judicial application
None of the review ed measurement tools demonstrated satisfactory results for all psychometric properties evaluated , and the majority lacked evidence concerning validity and absolute reliability .
This systematic review found limited evidence to support the use of most of clinical measures of spasticity for people post-stroke .
This review identified various clinical measures of spasticity that have been investigated in people after stroke .
PURPOSE To identify and appraise the literature on clinical measures of spasticity that has been investigated in people after stroke .