Conclusions The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular-related events varied with source of funding .
Nevertheless , overall and particularly in trials not funded by the pharmaceutical industry , exogenous testosterone increased the risk of cardiovascular-related events , with corresponding implication s for the use of testosterone therapy
Background Testosterone therapy is increasingly promoted .
No r and omized placebo-controlled trial has been implemented to assess the effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular events , although very high levels of and rogens are thought to promote cardiovascular disease .
Commentary: hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: four lessons.
In 1991 , Stampfer and Colditz , 1 review ing epidemiological studies of the effect of postmenopausal oestrogen on coronary heart disease concluded that : ‘ … the bulk of evidence strongly supports a protective effect of estrogens that is unlikely to be explained by confounding factors … ’ Their best estimate of the relative risk of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) in postmenopausal oestrogen users was calculated using meta-analytical techniques applied to the epidemiological studies they deemed to be of high quality based on their design s— prospect i ve studies with internal controls and angiographic studies . This estimate was 0.50 . The CI was narrow � 0.43 to 0.56
Conclusions The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular-related events varied with source of funding .
Nevertheless , overall and particularly in trials not funded by the pharmaceutical industry , exogenous testosterone increased the risk of cardiovascular-related events , with corresponding implication s for the use of testosterone therapy
Background Testosterone therapy is increasingly promoted .
No r and omized placebo-controlled trial has been implemented to assess the effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular events , although very high levels of and rogens are thought to promote cardiovascular disease .