Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .
Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normal-weight women.
OBJECTIVE Fructose has been implicated in obesity , partly due to lack of insulin-mediated leptin stimulation and ghrelin suppression . Most work has examined effects of pure fructose , rather than high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , the most commonly consumed form of fructose . This study examined effects of beverages sweetened with HFCS or sucrose ( Suc ) , when consumed with mixed meals , on blood glucose , insulin , leptin , ghrelin , and appetite . METHODS Thirty lean women were studied on two r and omized 2-d visits during which HFCS- and Suc-sweetened beverages were consumed as 30 % of energy on isocaloric diets during day 1 while blood was sample d. On day 2 , food was eaten ad libitum . Subjects rated appetite at design ated times throughout visits . RESULTS No significant differences between the two sweeteners were seen in fasting plasma glucose , insulin , leptin , and ghrelin ( P > 0.05 ) . The within-day variation in all four items was not different between the two visits ( P > 0.05 ) . Net areas under the curve were similar for glucose , insulin , and leptin ( P > 0.05 ) . There were no differences in energy or macronutrient intake on day 2 . The only appetite variable that differed between sweeteners was desire to eat , which had a higher area under the curve the day after Suc compared with HFCS . CONCLUSION These short-term results suggest that , when fructose is consumed in the form of HFCS , the measured metabolic responses do not differ from Suc in lean women . Further research is required to examine appetite responses and to determine if these findings hold true for obese individuals , males , or longer periods
Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .