Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
Epidemiology of ischemic stroke from atrial fibrillation in Dijon, France, from 1985 to 2006
Background : Atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is strongly associated with age , and epidemiologic studies are needed to evaluate the impact of both aging of the population and the use of anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF on the incidence of cardioembolic stroke with AF ( CE/AF stroke ) . Methods : We evaluated trends in incidence rates , risk factors , prestroke therapy , and survival in CE/AF stroke from a prospect i ve population -based registry , from 1985 to 2006 . Results : A total of 3,064 ischemic  strokes , including 572 ( 18.7 % ) CE/AF strokes , were recorded . Over the 22 years , a decrease in the incidence of overall CE/AF stroke was noted ( incidence rate ratio 0.9858 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.9731–0.9986 ; p = 0.03 ) . We observed a higher prevalence of previous AF , previous myocardial infa rct ion , and patients aged > 70 years in CE/AF stroke ( p < 0.0001 ) whereas hypercholesterolemia was more prevalent in other ischemic strokes ( p = 0.003 ) . A significant increase in the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents  was noted , and was particularly pronounced for CE/AF stroke with previous AF . For CE/AF stroke , survival rates were 72 % at 1 month ( 95 % CI 0.68–0.76 ) , 52 % at 1 year ( 95 % CI 0.48–0.56 ) , and 43 % at 2 years ( 95 % CI 0.39–0.48 ) , and remained lower than those of other ischemic stroke . Conclusions : The decrease in the incidence of cardioembolic/atrial fibrillation stroke in our study was probably due to a slight increase in the utilization of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation , but the use of such therapies will have to increase further because of the expected aging of the population in coming years . AF = atrial fibrillation ; CE = cardioembolic ; CI = confidence interval ; IRR = incidence rate ratios
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .