Conclusions Large r and omized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with low-fat diets .
Context Carbohydrate-restricted diets may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk .
Objective A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of very low , low , and moderate carbohydrate , higher fat diets versus high-carbohydrate , low-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid markers in overweight/obese adults .
Changes in atherogenic dyslipidemia induced by carbohydrate restriction in men are dependent on dietary protein source.
Previous studies have shown that multiple features of atherogenic dyslipidemia are improved by replacement of dietary carbohydrate with mixed sources of protein and that these lipid and lipoprotein changes are independent of dietary saturated fat content . Because epidemiological evidence suggests that red meat intake may adversely affect cardiovascular disease risk , we tested the effects of replacing dietary carbohydrate with beef protein in the context of high- vs. low-saturated fat intake in 40 healthy men . After a 3-wk baseline diet [ 50 % daily energy ( E ) as carbohydrate , 13 % E as protein , 15 % E as saturated fat ] , participants consumed for 3 wk each in a r and omized crossover design two high-beef diets in which protein replaced carbohydrate ( 31 % E as carbohydrate , 31 % E as protein , with 10 % E as beef protein ) . The high-beef diets differed in saturated fat content ( 8 % E vs. 15 % E with exchange of saturated for monounsaturated fat ) . Two-week washout periods were included following the baseline diet period and between the r and omized diets periods . Plasma TG concentrations were reduced after the 2 lower carbohydrate dietary periods relative to after the baseline diet period and these reductions were independent of saturated fat intake . Plasma total , LDL , and non-HDL cholesterol as well as apoB concentrations were lower after the low-carbohydrate , low-saturated fat diet period than after the low-carbohydrate , high-saturated fat diet period . Given our previous observations with mixed protein diets , the present findings raise the possibility that dietary protein source may modify the effects of saturated fat on atherogenic lipoproteins
Conclusions Large r and omized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with low-fat diets .
Context Carbohydrate-restricted diets may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk .
Objective A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effects of very low , low , and moderate carbohydrate , higher fat diets versus high-carbohydrate , low-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid markers in overweight/obese adults .