Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased .
Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive .
Conclusions : Despite known effects of maturation on hormones , studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage .
BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship , but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive
Problem : To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity , one must underst and the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation .
The peptide hormones leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin are involved in both , but their functions are dysregulated in obesity .
The purpose of this systematic review is ( 1 ) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes , ( 2 ) to assess risk of bias in the studies , and ( 3 ) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index ( BMI ) .
Influence of physical training on plasma leptin in obese youths.
Little is known about the effects of different intensities of physical training on plasma leptin . This study examined the effect of two intensities of physical training on leptin in obese teenagers , and explored correlates at baseline and in response to 8 months of physical training . The participants were 55 obese youths 12 - 16 years of age who completed both baseline and posttesting . The youths were r and omized to engage in lifestyle education only ( LSE ) , moderate-intensity physical training and LSE , or high-intensity physical training and LSE .  Baseline leptin was positively associated with fat mass . Girls had higher leptin levels at lower levels of fasting insulin than boys . The 8-mo physical training doses prescribed to obese teenagers did not result in significant group differences in mean change in leptin , although there was large variability in individual response . The change in leptin was inversely associated with baseline leptin and change in cardiovascular fitness . Diet , physical activity level , visceral adiposity , and glucose concentrations were not associated with leptin , neither at baseline nor in response to physical training . At baseline , total fat mass rather than visceral adiposity was associated with higher leptin levels . Over the 8-mo intervention period , regardless of group membership , youths who had the lowest increase in cardiovascular fitness tended to have the highest increase in leptin
Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased .
Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive .
Conclusions : Despite known effects of maturation on hormones , studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage .
BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship , but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive
Problem : To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity , one must underst and the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation .
The peptide hormones leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin are involved in both , but their functions are dysregulated in obesity .
The purpose of this systematic review is ( 1 ) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes , ( 2 ) to assess risk of bias in the studies , and ( 3 ) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index ( BMI ) .