Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .
Analgesia after feline ovariohysterectomy under midazolam-medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia with buprenorphine or butorphanol, and carprofen or meloxicam: a prospective, randomised clinical trial
One hundred female cats undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy under midazolam-medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia  were included in a blinded , r and omised , prospect i ve clinical study to compare postoperative analgesia produced by four analgesic drug combinations given preoperatively ( n = 25 per group ) . A secondary aim was to assess the effects in kittens and pregnant animals . Buprenorphine 180 µg/m2 or butorphanol 6 mg/m2 were given with either carprofen 4 mg/kg ( groups BUPC and BUTC , respectively ) or meloxicam 0.3 mg/kg ( groups BUPM or BUTM , respectively ) . Medetomidine  was not antagonised . A simple , descriptive scale ( SDS ; 0–4 ) , a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scale ( DIVAS ; 0–100 mm ) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds ( MT ; 2.5-mm diameter probe ) were used to evaluate postoperative pain . All pain scores were low ( DIVAS < 10 mm , SDS < 2 and MT > 10 N ) and there were no significant differences between the groups . It was concluded that all protocol s provided adequate analgesia and when used with midazolam-medetomidine-ketamine are effective for routine feline ovariohysterectomy
Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .