The estimates for risk of manipulation and adverse events are very imprecise and the estimate for the risk of adverse events does not distinguish between a clinical ly important increase and decrease in risk .
There was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of CPM on participants ' global assessment of treatment effectiveness .
CPM does not have clinical ly important effects on active knee flexion ROM , pain , function or quality of life to justify its routine use .
BACKGROUND Arthritis of the knee is a common problem causing pain and disability .
If severe , knee arthritis can be surgically managed with a total knee arthroplasty .
Rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty often includes continuous passive motion ( CPM ) .
CPM is applied by a machine that passively and repeatedly moves the knee through a specified range of motion ( ROM ) .
It is believed that CPM increases recovery of knee ROM and has other therapeutic benefits .
However , it is not clear whether CPM is effective .
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of CPM and st and ard postoperative care versus similar postoperative care , with or without additional knee exercises , in people with knee arthroplasty .
This review is an up date of a 2003 and 2010 version of the same review .
[The effects of two different continuous passive motion protocols on knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective analysis].
OBJECTIVES We prospect ively evaluated the effects of continuous passive motion ( CPM ) started after two different time intervals following total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) on short- and long-term results , in comparison with st and ard physical therapy . METHODS Eighty-six patients were r and omized to three groups following TKA for primary osteoarthritis . The control group ( n=28 ) received only conventional physical therapy . Group I and II , each consisting of 29 patients , were treated with conventional physical therapy combined with CPM that was started on the first and third postoperative days , respectively , and continued until discharge with three one-hour sessions daily . Preoperative and postoperative measurements of the knee range of motion were recorded . Clinical and functional results were assessed using the Knee Society rating system . The patients were followed-up for at least two years ( range 26 to 52 months ) . RESULTS The duration of CPM  was 22 hours in group I , and 19 hours in group II ( p>0.05 ) . Knee flexion values measured in the CPM groups on day 3 and at discharge showed significant differences with those of the control group , but no significant differences were found between the groups after the first postoperative month in this respect ( p>0.05 ) . The mean duration to reach 100 degrees of passive knee flexion ( p=0.03 ) and the mean length of hospital stay ( p=0.04 ) in the CPM groups were shorter by three and two days compared to the control group , respectively . Clinical and functional knee scores showed significant improvements in all the groups postoperatively ( p<0.001 ) , but there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to pre- and postoperative knee scores ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Even though CPM protocol s applied following TKA may shorten the length of hospital stay , CPM applications do not offer additional short- and long-term benefits over st and ard physical therapy with respect to knee flexion and clinical and functional results
The estimates for risk of manipulation and adverse events are very imprecise and the estimate for the risk of adverse events does not distinguish between a clinical ly important increase and decrease in risk .
There was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of CPM on participants ' global assessment of treatment effectiveness .
CPM does not have clinical ly important effects on active knee flexion ROM , pain , function or quality of life to justify its routine use .
BACKGROUND Arthritis of the knee is a common problem causing pain and disability .
If severe , knee arthritis can be surgically managed with a total knee arthroplasty .
Rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty often includes continuous passive motion ( CPM ) .
CPM is applied by a machine that passively and repeatedly moves the knee through a specified range of motion ( ROM ) .
It is believed that CPM increases recovery of knee ROM and has other therapeutic benefits .
However , it is not clear whether CPM is effective .
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of CPM and st and ard postoperative care versus similar postoperative care , with or without additional knee exercises , in people with knee arthroplasty .
This review is an up date of a 2003 and 2010 version of the same review .