A literature analysis supported links between  sugar  intake and both total energy intake and body weight gain , and between sugar intake and blood triglycerides independently of total energy intake .
The effects of sugar on blood triglycerides were shown to be mediated by the fructose component of sucrose and were observed with an intake of fructose > 50 g/day .
In addition , prospect i ve cohort studies showed associations between sugar intake and the risk of diabetes/insulin resistance , cardiovascular diseases , NAFLD , and hyperuricemia .
Carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis in liver cirrhosis: glucose vs. fructose.
Reduced thermic response after a glucose load has been reported in liver cirrhosis . To determine the mechanism and the site of this phenomenon , the effects of glucose and fructose on energy expenditure ( EE ) were measured in seven well-nourished cirrhotic patients and in six healthy control subjects .  EE and fuel utilization were measured via indirect calorimetry for 3 h after oral glucose or fructose administration ( 1 g/kg body wt ) . After a glucose load , plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher in cirrhotic patients than in control subjects ( p < 0.05 ) . During the glucose trial , the cumulative incremental changes in EE over the 3-h measurement period were lower ( p < 0.01 ) in patients than in the control subjects ( 0.98 + /- 0.13 vs. 1.70 + /- 0.23 kJ.kg-1.3 h-1 ) . After fructose ingestion , the cumulative changes in the EE of control subjects ( 1.76 + /- 0.24 kJ.kg-1.3 h-1 ) and cirrhotic patients ( 1.59 + /- 0.15 kJ.kg-1.3 h-1 ) were similar . In cirrhotic patients , the EE increase after fructose was higher than after glucose ( p < 0.05 ) . After glucose and fructose ingestion , no difference was observed between the carbohydrate oxidation in cirrhotic patients and that in control subjects , and lipid oxidation was suppressed to the same extent in both groups . We conclude that glucose-induced thermogenesis is impaired in liver cirrhosis , whereas fructose can normalize the thermic response . Because fructose is chiefly metabolized in the liver , these findings suggest that extrahepatic tissues are the site of defective thermogenesis in liver cirrhosis
A literature analysis supported links between  sugar  intake and both total energy intake and body weight gain , and between sugar intake and blood triglycerides independently of total energy intake .
The effects of sugar on blood triglycerides were shown to be mediated by the fructose component of sucrose and were observed with an intake of fructose > 50 g/day .
In addition , prospect i ve cohort studies showed associations between sugar intake and the risk of diabetes/insulin resistance , cardiovascular diseases , NAFLD , and hyperuricemia .