All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Effectiveness of Oxycodone, Ibuprofen, or the Combination in the Initial Management of Orthopedic Injury-Related Pain in Children
Objective : Orthopedic injuries comprise a majority of the indications for analgesia in the emergency department . Oxycodone and ibuprofen have demonstrated efficacy for this indication , but no studies have compared these drugs in children . Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of oxycodone , ibuprofen , or their combination for the management of orthopedic injury-related pain in children . Methods : This prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blinded , clinical trial compared the effectiveness of oxycodone , ibuprofen , and the combination in children ( age , 6 - 18 years ) , with pain from a suspected orthopedic injury . Subjects were block-r and omized to receive 1 of the 3 treatment regimens . Pain was assessed with the Faces Pain Scale ( FPS ) and Visual Analog Scale at baseline , postimmobilization , 30 , 60 , 90 , and 120 minutes postmedication . The change in the FPS score over time was compared between the 3 treatment groups using a generalized estimating equation model . Results : Although all 3 treatment groups demonstrated a decrease in the FPS score over time , there were no significant differences between the groups . Among the 66 total children enrolled in the 3 treatment groups , there were no statistically significant differences in demographics or injury characteristics . There were 28 subjects with fractures . Immobilization of the injury demonstrated a significant reduction in the FPS score . Subjects in the combination treatment group reported more adverse effects . Conclusions : Oxycodone , ibuprofen , and the combination all provide effective analgesia for mild-to-moderate orthopedic injuries in children .  Oxycodone or ibuprofen , alone , can be given , thereby avoiding the increase in adverse effects when given together
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .