Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .
One-year treatment with ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance: reduced triglyceridemia, total cholesterol and increased HDL-C without glycemic alterations.
n-3 Fatty acids in the form of ethyl esters ( EE ) allow lower daily doses and improved compliance . Administration of n-3 fatty acids to patients with glucose intolerance has led to controversial findings , some studies indicating worsening of the disorder , others no effect , or an improvement . A total of 935 patients with hypertriglyceridemia , associated with additional cardiovascular risk factors , i.e. glucose intolerance , NIDDM and /or arterial hypertension were entered a double blind ( DB ) protocol lasting 6 months with n-3 EE versus placebo , followed by a further 6 months of open study ( n = 868 ) on 2 g a day of n-3 EE . At the end of the DB period , triglyceridemia in the total group was reduced significantly more by n-3 EE , without alterations in glycemic parameters . In the 6 months open follow up , patients on n-3 EE with type IIB hyperlipoproteinemia showed a significant reduction of total cholesterol , both in cases with ( -4.15 % vs. the 6 month levels ) and without NIDDM ( -3.8 % ) . HDL-cholesterol had an overall mean rise of 7.4 % , maximal in type IV patients with ( + 9.1 % ) and without ( + 10.1 % ) NIDDM . No alterations in glycemic parameters were detected in treated patients . Administration of n-3 EE to patients with hypertriglyceridemia associated with NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance appears safe and effective
Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .