Recent meta-analyses reinforce the finding that 10 - 20 μg per day of vitamin D can reduce all-cause mortality and cancer mortality in middle-aged and older people .
Although vitamin D doses were greater than those assessed in the past , we found no new evidence that supplementation could have an effect on most non-skeletal conditions , including cardiovascular disease , adiposity , glucose metabolism , mood disorders , muscular function , tuberculosis , and colorectal adenomas , or on maternal and perinatal conditions .
The compilation of results from 83 trials showed that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on biomarkers of systemic inflammation .
The main new finding highlighted by this systematic review is that vitamin D supplementation might help to prevent common upper respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations .
There remains little evidence to suggest that vitamin D supplementation has an effect on most conditions , including chronic inflammation , despite use of increased doses of vitamin D , strengthening the hypothesis that low vitamin D status is a consequence of ill health , rather than its cause .
We further hypothesise that vitamin D supplementation could exert immunomodulatory effects that strengthen resistance to acute infections , which would reduce the risk of death in debilitated individuals .
Daily consumption of vitamin D- or vitamin D + calcium-fortified yogurt drink improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
BACKGROUND Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] have been associated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes . OBJECTIVE This study aim ed to compare the effects of daily intake of vitamin D- or vitamin D(3 ) + calcium-fortified yogurt drink on glycemic status in subjects with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . DESIGN Ninety diabetic subjects were r and omly allocated to 3 groups to consume plain yogurt drink ( PY ; containing no vitamin D and 150 mg Ca/250 mL ) , vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink ( DY ; containing 500 IU vitamin D(3 ) and 150 mg Ca/250 mL ) , or vitamin D + calcium-fortified yogurt drink ( DCY ; containing 500 IU vitamin D(3 ) and 250 mg Ca/250 mL ) twice per day for 12 wk . Fasting serum glucose ( FSG ) , glycated hemoglobin ( Hb A(1c ) ) , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , serum lipid profile , and percentage fat mass ( FM ) were assessed before ( baseline ) and after the intervention . RESULTS In both the DY and DCY groups , mean serum 25(OH)D(3 ) improved ( + 32.8 ± 28.4 and + 28.8 ± 16.1 nmol/L , respectively ; P < 0.001 for both ) , but FSG [ -12.9 ± 33.7 mg/dL ( P = 0.015 ) and -9.6 ± 46.9 mg/dL ( P = 0.035 ) ] , Hb A(1c ) [ -0.4 ± 1.2 % ( P < 0.001 ) and -0.4 ± 1.9 % ( P < 0.001 ) ] , HOMA-IR [ -0.6 ± 1.4 ( P = 0.001 ) and -0.6 ± 3.2 ( P < 0.001 ) ] , waist circumference ( -3.6 ± 2.7 and -2.9 ± 3.3 ; P < 0.001 for both ) , and body mass index [ in kg/m(2 ) ; -0.9 ± 0.6 ( P < 0.001 ) and -0.4 ± 0.7 ( P = 0.005 ) ] decreased significantly more than in the PY group . An inverse correlation was observed between changes in serum 25(OH)D(3 ) and FSG ( r = -0.208 , P = 0.049 ) , FM ( r = -0.219 , P = 0.038 ) , and HOMA-IR ( r = -0.219 , P = 0.005 ) . CONCLUSION Daily intake of a vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink , either with or without added calcium , improved glycemic status  in T2D patients . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01229891
Recent meta-analyses reinforce the finding that 10 - 20 μg per day of vitamin D can reduce all-cause mortality and cancer mortality in middle-aged and older people .
Although vitamin D doses were greater than those assessed in the past , we found no new evidence that supplementation could have an effect on most non-skeletal conditions , including cardiovascular disease , adiposity , glucose metabolism , mood disorders , muscular function , tuberculosis , and colorectal adenomas , or on maternal and perinatal conditions .
The compilation of results from 83 trials showed that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on biomarkers of systemic inflammation .
The main new finding highlighted by this systematic review is that vitamin D supplementation might help to prevent common upper respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations .
There remains little evidence to suggest that vitamin D supplementation has an effect on most conditions , including chronic inflammation , despite use of increased doses of vitamin D , strengthening the hypothesis that low vitamin D status is a consequence of ill health , rather than its cause .
We further hypothesise that vitamin D supplementation could exert immunomodulatory effects that strengthen resistance to acute infections , which would reduce the risk of death in debilitated individuals .