There is currently no firm evidence that vitamin D supplementation decreases or increases cancer occurrence in predominantly elderly community-dwelling women .
Vitamin D₃ supplementation  decreased cancer mortality  and vitamin D supplementation  decreased all-cause mortality , but these estimates are at risk of type I errors due to the fact that too few participants were examined , and to risks of attrition bias originating from substantial dropout of participants .
Combined vitamin D₃ and calcium supplements  increased nephrolithiasis , whereas it remains unclear from the included trials whether vitamin D₃ , calcium , or both were responsible for this effect .
BACKGROUND The evidence on whether vitamin D supplementation is effective in decreasing cancers is contradictory .
OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults .
Does vitamin D3 have negative effects on serum levels of lipids? A follow-up study with a sequential combination of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate and/or vitamin D3.
The effects of four different treatment schedules on serum lipid concentrations were studied for 1 year in 402 postmenopausal women in the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study . The women were r and omized to four treatment groups : A , Sequential combination of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate ( Climen ) ; B , Vitamin D3 , 300 IU/day ; C , Climen+Vitamin D3 , D , placebo . In group A , serum concentrations of total cholesterol ( Chol ) decreased by 4.8 % in 6 months and by 6.2 % in 12 months ( P < 0.001 ) , but in group C the decrease was only 2.9 % in 6 months ( P < 0.05 ) and 3.4 % in 12 months ( P < 0.01 ) . The decline of total-Chol in group A was accounted for by the 6.8 % to 7.5 % decrease in LDL-Chol levels ( P < 0.001 ) . The decrease of LDL-Chol in group C was statistically non-significant . Use of vitamin D3 ( group B ) , increased serum Chol by 2.7 % ( 6 months ) , P < 0.05 and by 2.1 % ( 12 months ) and the increases were the result of the 6.0 % to 6.2 % increase in LDL-Chol levels in 6 and 12 months , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) . Serum concentrations of HDL-Chol and TG remained relatively stable in all groups . No correlations were found between LDL-Chol , 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2-D3 levels in group B. Our results confirm the beneficial effect of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate on the lipid profile . In contrast , vitamin D3 had a negative influence on this profile by increasing serum concentrations of LDL-Chol . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
There is currently no firm evidence that vitamin D supplementation decreases or increases cancer occurrence in predominantly elderly community-dwelling women .
Vitamin D₃ supplementation  decreased cancer mortality  and vitamin D supplementation  decreased all-cause mortality , but these estimates are at risk of type I errors due to the fact that too few participants were examined , and to risks of attrition bias originating from substantial dropout of participants .
Combined vitamin D₃ and calcium supplements  increased nephrolithiasis , whereas it remains unclear from the included trials whether vitamin D₃ , calcium , or both were responsible for this effect .
BACKGROUND The evidence on whether vitamin D supplementation is effective in decreasing cancers is contradictory .
OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults .