Overall , we found data that support a negative relationship between obesity and various aspects of neurocognitive functioning , such as executive functioning , attention , visuo-spatial performance , and motor skill .
The existing literature is mixed on the effects among obesity , general cognitive functioning , language , learning , memory , and academic achievement .
Executive dysfunction is associated with obesity-related behaviors , such as increased intake , disinhibited eating , and less physical activity .
Physical activity is positively linked with motor skill .
Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically over the past few decades .
Although obesity has been linked to poorer neurocognitive functioning in adults , much less is known about this relationship in children and adolescents .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between obesity and obesity-related behaviors with neurocognitive functioning in youth .
Self-regulation and rapid weight gain in children from age 3 to 12 years.
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which self-regulatory capacities , measured behaviorally at ages 3 and 5 years , were linked to rapid weight gain in children from age 3 to 12 years . Self-regulation failure , or the inability to control an impulse or behavior , has been implicated as a mechanism in the development of overweight . DESIGN Prospect i ve longitudinal cohort study . SETTING Home and laboratory-based setting s in 10 sites across the United States . PARTICIPANTS Data were drawn from 1061 children as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development . Main Exposure Self-regulatory capacity was measured in 2 behavioral protocol s ; children participated in a self-control procedure at age 3 years and a delay of gratification procedure at age 5 years . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age- and sex-specific body mass index ( BMI ) z scores were calculated based on measured BMI at 6 points . RESULTS Mixed-modeling analyses were used to examine differences in the rate of weight gain over time based on the extent to which children exhibited the ability to self-regulate in the behavioral procedures . Compared with children who showed high self-regulation in both behavioral protocol s at ages 3 and 5 years , children who exhibited a compromised ability to self-regulate had the highest BMI z scores at each point and the most rapid gains in BMI z scores over the 9-year period . Effects of pubertal status were also noted for girls . CONCLUSION Self-regulation failure in early childhood may predispose children to excessive weight gain through early adolescence
Overall , we found data that support a negative relationship between obesity and various aspects of neurocognitive functioning , such as executive functioning , attention , visuo-spatial performance , and motor skill .
The existing literature is mixed on the effects among obesity , general cognitive functioning , language , learning , memory , and academic achievement .
Executive dysfunction is associated with obesity-related behaviors , such as increased intake , disinhibited eating , and less physical activity .
Physical activity is positively linked with motor skill .
Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically over the past few decades .
Although obesity has been linked to poorer neurocognitive functioning in adults , much less is known about this relationship in children and adolescents .
Therefore , we conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between obesity and obesity-related behaviors with neurocognitive functioning in youth .