Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Relationship between vitamin D status and incidence of vascular events in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.
OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and incident cardiovascular events in large well-characterized patient cohorts . Therefore , our objective was to determine if low vitamin D levels predicted vascular complications of diabetes . METHODS Prospect i ve analysis of 936 veterans with type 2 diabetes ( 59.7 ± 8.4 years , 96.9 % male ) who participated in the Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial ( VADT ) was conducted .  25(OH)-vitamin D  was measured a median of two years after entry and participants were subsequently followed 3.7 years . Hazard ratios ( HRs ) were calculated for cardiovascular endpoints in relation to 25(OH)-vitamin  D quartile . For microvascular endpoints , logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios . RESULTS After adjusting for age , minority status , treatment arm and history of prior event , individuals in the lowest vitamin D quartile ( i.e. , 1 - 15.9 ng/ml ) were at similar risk of MI [ HR = 1.13 ( 95 % CI : 0.53 , 2.42 ) ] , CHD [ HR = 0.87 ( 95 % CI : 0.49 , 1.55 ) ] , congestive heart failure [ HR = 1.44 ( 95 % CI : 0.67 , 3.06 ) ] , and death from any cause [ HR = 1.04 ( 95 % CI : 0.53 , 2.04 ) ] as individuals in the highest vitamin D quartile ( i.e. , 29.9 - 77.2 ng/ml ) . Similarly , there were no differences in the odds associated with retinopathy or renal disease onset or progression in the lowest versus highest vitamin D quartile . CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that vitamin D status had no significant impact on the incidence of vascular events in a cohort of high-risk veterans with diabetes in which traditional risk factors were managed according to current treatment guidelines
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .