Conclusions This meta‐ analysis provides level 1 evidence that vitamin D supplementation may reduce chronic low‐ grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Background Vitamin D has been proposed to have anti‐inflammatory properties ; however , the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation in type 2 diabetes has not been established .
Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta‐ analysis was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify relevant gaps in knowledge .
Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Background Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as the underlying cause of diabetic angiopathy that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease , the major cause of death in diabetes . We recently demonstrated the ameliorating effect of regular vitamin D intake on the glycemic status of patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . In this study , the effects of improvement of vitamin D status on glycemic status , lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects were investigated . Methods Subjects with T2D were r and omly allocated to one of the two groups to receive either plain yogurt drink ( PYD ; containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 mL , n1 = 50 ) or vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink ( FYD ; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL , n2 = 50 ) twice a day for 12 weeks . Anthropometric measures , glycemic status , lipid profile , body fat mass ( FM ) and endothelial biomarkers including serum endothelin-1 , E-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were evaluated at the beginning and after the 12-week intervention period . Results The intervention result ed in a significant improvement in fasting glucose , the Quantitative Insulin Check Index ( QUICKI ) , glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , triacylglycerols , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , endothelin-1 , E-selectin and MMP-9 in FYD compared to PYD ( P < 0.05 , for all ) . Interestingly , difference in changes of endothelin-1 , E-selectin and MMP-9 concentrations in FYD compared to PYD ( -0.35 ± 0.63 versus -0.03 ± 0.55 , P = 0.028 ; -3.8 ± 7.3 versus 0.95 ± 8.3 , P = 0.003 and -2.3 ± 3.7 versus 0.44 ± 7.1 ng/mL , respectively , P < 0.05 for all ) , even after controlling for changes of QUICKI , FM and waist circumference , remained significant for endothelin-1 and MMP-9 ( P = 0.009 and P = 0.005 , respectively ) but disappeared for E-selectin ( P = 0.092 ) . On the contrary , after controlling for serum 25(OH)D , the differences disappeared for endothelin-1(P = 0.066 ) and MMP-9 ( P = 0.277 ) but still remained significant for E-selectin ( P = 0.011 ) . Conclusions Ameliorated vitamin D status was accompanied by improved glycemic status , lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects . Our findings suggest both direct and indirect ameliorating effects of vitamin D on the endothelial biomarkers . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov :
Conclusions This meta‐ analysis provides level 1 evidence that vitamin D supplementation may reduce chronic low‐ grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Background Vitamin D has been proposed to have anti‐inflammatory properties ; however , the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation in type 2 diabetes has not been established .
Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta‐ analysis was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify relevant gaps in knowledge .