The discrepancy between observational and intervention studies suggests that low 25(OH)D is a marker of ill health .
Inflammatory processes involved in disease occurrence and clinical course would reduce 25(OH)D , which would explain why low vitamin D status is reported in a wide range of disorders .
In elderly people , restoration of vitamin D deficits due to ageing and lifestyle changes induced by ill health could explain why low-dose supplementation leads to slight gains in survival
Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25[OH]D ) have been associated with many non-skeletal disorders .
However , whether low 25(OH)D is the cause or result of ill health is not known .
Clinical features and molecular phenotypes of breast cancer in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features , molecular phenotypes and clinical prognosis of breast cancer patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus , thereby providing a basis for individualized therapy of breast cancer . METHODS 105 breast cancer patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) presenting from January 2005 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study . 200 breast cancer non-diabetic patients in the same period were r and omly selected as the control group . The clinical data of DM group and control group were retrospectively analyzed . The SPSS12.0 software was used for statistics and survival analysis . RESULTS The mean age of the patients in DM group were of 57.2∓11.8 years , which was older compared with the control group . The percentage of postmenopausal patients was 71.4 % and the ratio of grade II+III was 98.8 % , which was higher than the control group . The  neoadjuvant chemotherapy response rate of DM group was 67.5 % , which was lower than control group . The patients in DM group had later clinical stage and more lymph metastasis . The proportion of advanced breast cancer was 68.57 % and the ratio of lymph node metastasis was 66.01 % . All the difference was significant ( P<0.05 ) . But there was no significant difference in tumor size and molecular phenotype between the diabetic group with breast cancer and the control group . Disease-free survival and overall survival rates of DM group were 80.2 % and 84.2 % , which were worse than those in the control group . All the differences were significant ( P<0.05 ) . After excluding the patients with other causes of death , results of overall survival still showed worse in DM group , but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05 ) . Serum insulin at fasting and two hours postpr and ial were higher than normal value in DM group , but serum insulin levels in the control group changed in the normal range . CONCLUSION There were older patients , higher proportion of high pathological grade , more lymph node metastasis , later clinical stages in the diabetic group with breast cancer . Breast cancer patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus were at risk of a poor prognosis . Hyperinsulinemia may be the real cause of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with type-2 diabetes
The discrepancy between observational and intervention studies suggests that low 25(OH)D is a marker of ill health .
Inflammatory processes involved in disease occurrence and clinical course would reduce 25(OH)D , which would explain why low vitamin D status is reported in a wide range of disorders .
In elderly people , restoration of vitamin D deficits due to ageing and lifestyle changes induced by ill health could explain why low-dose supplementation leads to slight gains in survival
Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25[OH]D ) have been associated with many non-skeletal disorders .
However , whether low 25(OH)D is the cause or result of ill health is not known .