Verbal de-escalation techniques have been shown to decrease agitation and reduce the potential for associated violence in the emergency setting .
OBJECTIVE To present the essential guidelines for non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil .
Factors associated with the use of physical restraints for agitated patients in psychiatric emergency rooms.
OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with physical restraint in psychiatric emergency rooms . METHOD We extracted variables likely to predict use of physical restraints from a large r and omised trial undertaken in three psychiatric emergency rooms in Rio de Janeiro . We fitted a Bayesian binary multivariate model using only variables clearly preceding the restraints . RESULTS Of 301 agitated , aggressive people admitted to emergency rooms , 73 ( 24 % ) were restrained during the first 2 h of admission . In Rio , younger people ( OR=1.03 for each year younger ) , exhibiting intense ( OR=2.53 ) or extreme agitation ( OR=7.71 ) , thought to result from substance misuse ( OR=1.75 ) or diagnoses other than psychosis ( OR=1.88 ) , arriving in the morning ( OR=1.64 ) were at greater risk of  physical restraints  than older , less severely aggressive or agitated people , arriving at the hospital during the afternoon or night . Hospital , gender , first admission to hospital and medication were not associated with risk of being restrained . CONCLUSION Restraint practice s in Rio are predictable and based on a limited clinical assessment . Predictive factors for physical restraint may vary worldwide , but should be monitored and studied to assist training , and to establish programs to evaluate and refine this controversial practice
Verbal de-escalation techniques have been shown to decrease agitation and reduce the potential for associated violence in the emergency setting .
OBJECTIVE To present the essential guidelines for non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil .