Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression for hemoglobin suggested a higher response with lower trial quality ( suboptimal allocation concealment and blinding ) , use of condiments , and sodium iron edetate and a lower response when adults were included .
Consumption of iron-fortified foods results in an improvement in hemoglobin , serum ferritin , and iron nutriture and a reduced risk of remaining anemic and iron deficient
BACKGROUND The utility of iron fortification of food to improve iron deficiency , anemia , and biological outcomes is not proven unequivocally .
Zinc absorption in adult humans: the effect of iron fortification.
The effect of Fe fortification on the absorption of Zn was studied by radioisotopic labelling of single meals , followed by measurements of whole-body retention of 65Zn at 14 d after intake . Healthy adult volunteers participated in the study . Weaning cereal , wheat bread and infant formula , foods that are all frequently Fe-fortified , were evaluated in the study . The amounts of Fe added as FeSO4 were similar to the levels in commercial products in Europe and the USA , and were 200 or 500 mg Fe/kg ( weaning cereal ) , 65 mg Fe/kg ( white wheat flour ) and 12 mg Fe/l ( infant formula ) . For comparison , Zn absorption was measured in the same subjects , from identical test meals containing no added Fe . No statistically significant differences were found when Zn absorption from the Fe-fortified test meals was compared with that from non-Fe-fortified test meals . Fractional Zn-absorption values from Fe-fortified v. non-fortified meals were 31.1 ( SD 11.9 ) v. 30.7 ( SD 7.0)% ( weaning cereal ; 200 mg Fe/kg ) , 37.7 ( SD 16.6 ) v. 30.2 ( SD 9.9)% ( weaning cereal ; 500 mg Fe/kg ) , 36.5 ( SD 14.4 ) v. 38.2 ( SD 18.1)% ( bread ; 65 mg Fe/kg flour ) and 41.6 ( SD 8.1 ) v. 38.9 ( SD 14.5)% ( infant formula ; 12 mg Fe/l ) . The addition of Fe to foods at the currently used fortification levels was thus not associated with impaired absorption of Zn and the consumption of these Fe-fortified foods would not be expected to have a negative effect on Zn nutrition
Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression for hemoglobin suggested a higher response with lower trial quality ( suboptimal allocation concealment and blinding ) , use of condiments , and sodium iron edetate and a lower response when adults were included .
Consumption of iron-fortified foods results in an improvement in hemoglobin , serum ferritin , and iron nutriture and a reduced risk of remaining anemic and iron deficient
BACKGROUND The utility of iron fortification of food to improve iron deficiency , anemia , and biological outcomes is not proven unequivocally .