Maternal fat intake ( n = 25 ) might be associated with gestational weight gain as suggested by observational studies , although the direction of this association might depend on specific types of fat ( e.g. , saturated fat ) .
Macronutrient intake was not consistently associated with the prevalence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain .
CONCLUSIONS The current literature provides evidence that energy intake is associated with gestational weight gain , but the roles of individual macronutrients are inconsistent .
BACKGROUND  Abnormal gestational weight gain is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes .
Several risk factors have been identified , but the effect of macronutrient intake during pregnancy on gestational weight gain has not been systematic ally evaluated in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries .
Low Glycemic Index Carbohydrates versus All Types of Carbohydrates for Treating Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Glycemic Control
Background . Due to the higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus ( DM ) , more pregnant women complicated with diabetes are in need of clinical care . Purpose . Compare the effect of including only low glycemic index ( GI ) carbohydrates ( CHO ) against all types of CHO on maternal glycemic control and on the maternal and newborn 's nutritional status of women with type 2 DM and gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) . Methods . Women ( n = 107 , ≤29 weeks of gestation ) were r and omly assigned to one of two nutrition intervention groups : moderate energy and CHO restriction ( Group 1 : all types of CHO , Group 2 : low GI foods ) . Results . No baseline differences in clinical data were observed . Capillary glucose concentrations throughout pregnancy were similar between groups . Fewer women in Group 2 exceeded weight gain recommendations . Higher risk of prematurity was observed in women in Group 2 . No differences in glycemic control were observed between women with type 2 DM and those with GDM . Conclusions . Inclusion of low GI CHO as part of a comprehensive nutrition intervention is equally effective in improving glycemic control as compared to all types of CHO . This strategy had a positive effect in preventing excessive maternal weight gain but increased the risk of prematurity
Maternal fat intake ( n = 25 ) might be associated with gestational weight gain as suggested by observational studies , although the direction of this association might depend on specific types of fat ( e.g. , saturated fat ) .
Macronutrient intake was not consistently associated with the prevalence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain .
CONCLUSIONS The current literature provides evidence that energy intake is associated with gestational weight gain , but the roles of individual macronutrients are inconsistent .
BACKGROUND  Abnormal gestational weight gain is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes .
Several risk factors have been identified , but the effect of macronutrient intake during pregnancy on gestational weight gain has not been systematic ally evaluated in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries .