In conclusion , overweight and obese youth can improve physical fitness across a variety of test measures .
When fitness improves , beneficial health effects are observed in some , but not all chronic disease risk factors
A systematic review of literature was conducted to examine the association between changes in health-related fitness ( e.g. aerobic capacity and muscular strength /endurance ) and chronic disease risk factors in overweight and /or obese youth .
A combined dietary-physical activity intervention affects bone strength in obese children and adolescents.
Obesity has become the most common pediatric chronic disease in the modern era . Recent data suggests that unlike obese adults , obese children and adolescents may have decreased bone strength . It was the objective to prospect ively examine the short term effects of a 3 month combined dietary-physical activity intervention on anthropometric measures , body composition , fitness and bone strength in obese children . Twelve obese subjects completed the 3 m intervention  and were compared to 12 obese age and gender matched controls .  Bone strength was measured using quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone speed of sound ( SOS ) . There were significant differences in changes of body weight ( 0.01 + /- 0.7 vs. 2.3 + /- 0.6 kg , p = 0.033 ) , BMI percentiles ( - 2.8 + /- 1.1 vs. - 0.2 + /- 0.2 % , p = 0.037 ) , body fat percent ( by skinfolds , - 1.5 + /- 0.8 vs. 0.7 + /- 0.5 % , p = 0.035 ) , and endurance time ( 170 + /- 42 vs. 50 + /- 27 s , p = 0.045 ) in the intervention vs. control subjects , respectively . In addition , we found a significant difference in the change of bone SOS between the intervention and control group subjects ( 21.5 + /- 21.6 vs. - 87.0 + /- 37 m/s , p = 0.023 ) . During the critical period of bone development of childhood and adolescence , a combined dietary-physical activity intervention leads to increased bone strength in obese children . These results highlight the importance of multi-disciplinary programs for the treatment of childhood obesity and its complications
In conclusion , overweight and obese youth can improve physical fitness across a variety of test measures .
When fitness improves , beneficial health effects are observed in some , but not all chronic disease risk factors
A systematic review of literature was conducted to examine the association between changes in health-related fitness ( e.g. aerobic capacity and muscular strength /endurance ) and chronic disease risk factors in overweight and /or obese youth .