68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
Experience-based group education in Type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.
Few studies have demonstrated an effect of educational interventions on glycaemic control in persons with Type 2 diabetes longer than 3 - 6 months after baseline . We aim ed to investigate the effectiveness of an experience-based group educational programme 24 months after baseline and to pinpoint mediators that might play a role in achieving desired metabolic outcomes . We conducted a r and omised controlled trial inviting self-referred persons with Type 2 diabetes ( N=77 r and omised ) . The pharmacist-led , year-long intervention was based on participants ' experiences of glucose regulation during the monthly group discussion s. We measured HbA1c at 0 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months and a question naire was administered at baseline and final follow-up . Our findings indicated that participating in the intervention programme significantly decreased HbA1c by 0.4 % at 24 months after baseline . Initial HbA1c , satisfaction with own diabetes-related knowledge , and treatment were found directly related to glycaemic outcomes . The intervention group exercised more in order to lower blood-glucose levels and was also more able to predict current blood-glucose levels before measuring it . Experience-based group education was effective in decreasing participants ' HbA1c 1-year after completed intervention . Early effect of the intervention was followed by relapse after 12 months and a new , significant decrease at 24 months ; this dual course implies that follow-up of educational interventions should involve several consecutive measurements to capture possible late effects . Both biomedical and subjective factors played a role in accounting for the variance of HbA1c at 2-year follow-up after baseline
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .