Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .
Nicotine–Haloperidol Interactions and Cognitive Performance in Schizophrenics
Nearly 90 % of schizophrenics smoke cigarettes , considerably higher than the general population 's rate of 25 % . There is some indication that schizophrenics may smoke as a form of self-medication . Nicotine has a variety of pharmacologic effects that may both counteract some of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and counteract some of the adverse side effects of antipsychotic drugs . In the current study , we assessed the interactions of haloperidol and nicotine on cognitive performance of a group of schizophrenics . These patients were in a double-blind study , r and omly assigning them to low , moderate , and high dose levels of haloperidol .  The subjects , all smokers , came to the laboratory on four different mornings after overnight deprivation from cigarettes . In a double-blind fashion , they were administered placebo , low ( 7 mg/day ) , medium ( 14 mg/day ) , or high ( 21 mg/day ) dose nicotine skin patches . Three hours after administration of the skin patch , the subjects were given a computerized cognitive test battery including : simple reaction time , complex reaction time ( spatial rotation ) , delayed matching to sample , the Sternberg memory test , and the Conners continuous performance test ( CPT ) . With the placebo nicotine patch , there was a haloperidol dose-related impairment in delayed matching to sample choice accuracy and an increase in response time on the complex reaction time task . Nicotine caused a dose-related reversal of the haloperidol-induced impairments in memory performance and complex reaction time . In the CPT , nicotine reduced the variability in response that is associated with attentional deficit . These results demonstrate the effects of nicotine in reversing some of the adverse side effects of haloperidol and improving cognitive performance in schizophrenia . © 1996 American College of
Overall , nicotine replacement therapy , bupropion , and varenicline have all proven their effectiveness at either promoting smoking abstinence or a significant reduction in cigarette use
Smoking cessation is a chronic issue surrounding individuals with schizophrenia .
It is estimated that up to 90 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes .
The purpose of this article is to provide a non systematic review of the efficacy of  smoking cessation interventions as well as to explore the potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of these agents in patients with schizophrenia .