Where reported , emergency admissions and quality of life were not found to be significantly different between groups .
No information was found regarding BMI , mortality , long term diabetic complications , adverse effects , or costs .
REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS The presence of a diabetes specialist nurse / nurse case manager may improve patients ' diabetic control over short time periods , but from currently available trials the effects over longer periods of time are not evident .
There were no significant differences overall in hypoglycaemic episodes , hyperglycaemic incidents , or hospital admissions .
Quality of life was not shown to be affected by input from a diabetes specialist nurse/nurse case manager
BACKGROUND The patient with diabetes has many different learning needs relating to diet , monitoring , and treatments .
In many health care systems specialist nurses provide much of these needs , usually aim ing to empower patients to self-manage their diabetes .
The present review aims to assess the effects of the involvement of specialist nurse care on outcomes for  people with diabetes  , compared to usual care in hospital clinics or primary care with no input from specialist nurses .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of diabetes specialist nurses / nurse case manager in diabetes on the metabolic control of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus .
The methodologic quality of randomization as assessed from reports of trials in specialist and general medical journals.
OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of r and omization  from reports of trials in a sample of specialist journals , and to compare those results with a similar assessment from a sample of general medical journals . DESIGN Evaluation of all 206 reports of parallel-group r and omized trials published in the 1990 and 1991 volumes of four journals of obstetrics and gynecology and of 81 reports of trials published during 1987 in four general medical journals . RESULTS Of the reports published in the specialist and in the general medical journals , only 32 % and 48 % , respectively , reported having used an adequate method to generate r and om numbers ; only 23 % and 26 % , respectively , contained information showing that steps had been taken to conceal assignment until the point of treatment allocation ; and merely 9 % and 15 % , respectively , described adequate methods of both sequence generation and allocation concealment . In those reports of trials that had apparently used unrestricted r and omization , the differences in sample sizes between treatment and control groups were much smaller than would be expected by chance , and that feature was more marked in the specialist journals . In reports of trials in which hypothesis tests had been used to compare baseline characteristics , only 2 % of tests reported in specialist journals and 4 % of tests reported in general journals were statistically significant , lower than the expected rate of 5 % . CONCLUSIONS Generating unbiased comparison groups requires proper r and omization , yet the reports in these specialist and general journals usually provided inadequate or unacceptable information . Additional analyses suggest that nonr and om manipulation of comparison groups and selective reporting of baseline comparisons may have occurred
Where reported , emergency admissions and quality of life were not found to be significantly different between groups .
No information was found regarding BMI , mortality , long term diabetic complications , adverse effects , or costs .
REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS The presence of a diabetes specialist nurse / nurse case manager may improve patients ' diabetic control over short time periods , but from currently available trials the effects over longer periods of time are not evident .
There were no significant differences overall in hypoglycaemic episodes , hyperglycaemic incidents , or hospital admissions .
Quality of life was not shown to be affected by input from a diabetes specialist nurse/nurse case manager
BACKGROUND The patient with diabetes has many different learning needs relating to diet , monitoring , and treatments .
In many health care systems specialist nurses provide much of these needs , usually aim ing to empower patients to self-manage their diabetes .
The present review aims to assess the effects of the involvement of specialist nurse care on outcomes for  people with diabetes  , compared to usual care in hospital clinics or primary care with no input from specialist nurses .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of diabetes specialist nurses / nurse case manager in diabetes on the metabolic control of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus .