Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .
Effect of breathing rate on oxygen saturation and exercise performance in chronic heart failure
BACKGROUND In chronic heart failure ( CHF ) , impaired pulmonary function can independently contribute to oxygen desaturation and reduced physical activity . We investigated the effect of breathing rate on oxygen saturation and other respiratory indices . METHODS  Arterial oxygen saturation ( SaO2 ) and respiratory indices  were recorded during spontaneous breathing ( baseline ) and during controlled breathing at 15 , six , and three breaths per min in 50 patients with CHF and in 11 healthy volunteers ( controls ) . 15 patients with CHF were r and omly allocated 1 month of respiratory training to decrease their respiratory rate to six breaths per min . Respiratory indices  were recorded before training , at the end of training , and 1 month after training . FINDINGS During spontaneous breathing , mean SaO2 was lower in CHF patients than in controls ( 91 - 4 % [ SD 0.4 ] vs 95.4 % [ 0.2 ] , p<0.001 ) . Controlled breathing increased SaO2 at all breathing rates in patients with CHF . Compared with baseline , minute ventilation increased at 15 breaths per min ( + 45.9 % [ 9.8 ] , p<0.01 ) , did not change at six breaths per min , and decreased at three breaths per min ( -40.3 % [ 4.8 ] , p<0.001 ) . In the nine CHF patients who had 1 month of respiratory training , resting SaO2 increased from 92.5 % ( 0.3 ) at baseline to 93.2 % ( 0.4 ) ( p<0.05 ) , their breathing rate per min decreased from 13.4 ( 1.5 ) to 7.6 ( 1.9 ) ( p<0.001 ) , peak oxygen consumption increased from 1157 ( 83 ) to 1368 ( 110 ) L/min ( p<0.05 ) , exercise time increased from 583 ( 29 ) to 615 ( 23 ) min/s ( p<0.05 ) , and perception of dyspnoea reduced from a score of 19.0 ( 0.4 ) to 17.3 ( 0.9 ) on the Borg scale ( p<0.05 ) . There were no changes in the respiratory indices in the patients who did not have respiratory training . INTERPRETATION Slowing respiratory rate reduces dyspnoea and improves both resting pulmonary gas exchange and exercise performance in patients with CHF
Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .