Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .
Doctor Referral of Overweight People to Low Energy total diet replacement Treatment (DROPLET): pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness and safety of a total diet replacement ( TDR ) programme for routine treatment of obesity in a primary care setting . Design Pragmatic , two arm , parallel group , open label , individually r and omised controlled trial . Setting 10 primary care practice s in Oxfordshire , UK . Participants 278 adults who were obese and seeking support to lose weight : 138 were assigned to the TDR programme  and 140 to usual care . 73 % of participants were re-measured at 12 months . Interventions The TDR programme comprised weekly behavioural support for 12 weeks and monthly support for three months , with formula food products providing 810 kcal/day ( 3389 kJ/day ) as the sole food during the first eight weeks followed by re introduction of food . Usual care comprised behavioural support for weight loss from a practice nurse and a diet programme with modest energy restriction . Main outcome measures The primary outcome was weight change at 12 months analysed as intention to treat with mixed effects models . Secondary outcomes included biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk . Adverse events were recorded . Results Participants in the TDR group lost more weight ( −10.7 kg ) than those in the usual care group ( −3.1 kg ) : adjusted mean difference −7.2 kg ( 95 % confidence interval −9.4 to −4.9 kg ) . 45 % of participants in the TDR group and 15 % in the usual care group experienced weight losses of 10 % or more . The TDR group showed greater improvements in biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk than the usual care group . 11 % of participants in the TDR group and 12 % in the usual care group experienced adverse events of moderate or greater severity . Conclusions Compared with regular weight loss support from a practice nurse , a programme of weekly behavioural support and total diet replacement providing 810 kcal/day seems to be tolerable , and leads to substantially greater weight loss and greater improvements in the risk of cardiometabolic disease . Trial registration International St and ard R and omised Controlled Trials No IS RCT N75092026
Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .