The administration of probiotic/synbiotic were associated with a significant improvement in FPG , FBI , HOMA I-R , BMI .
It also modified Ferriman-Gallway , serum triglycerides , serum testosterone , hs-CRP , NO , TAC , GSH , and MDA .
Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention showed that probiotics were associated with greater testosterone and FPG reduction ;  synbiotics administration result ed in a more pronounced decrease of the FBI .
Subgroup analyses on the duration of therapy showed that , probiotic/synbiotic administration had a significantly greater effect on QUICK-I in the case of women with 12-weeks of therapy than in the 8-weeks therapy group .
Nevertheless , we did not observe any significant difference was observed in terms of FBI , HOMA-IR , and FPG .
Probiotics and synbiotics seem to either an effect on/influence metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters , or can influence them .
Consequently , it could lead to an improvement of fertility in PCOS
Several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have investigated the use of probiotic/synbiotic in PCOS patients , without clarifying the real use in clinical practice .
The aim of this meta- analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of PCOS  .
Gut Microbial Diversity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Correlates With Hyperandrogenism
Context A majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) have metabolic abnormalities that result in an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease . Correlative studies have shown an association between changes in the gut microbiome and metabolic disorders . Two recent studies reported a decrease in α diversity of the gut microbiome in women with PCOS compared with healthy women . Objective We investigated whether changes in the gut microbiome correlated with specific clinical parameters in women with PCOS compared with healthy women . We also investigated whether there were changes in the gut microbiome in women with polycystic ovarian morphology ( PCOM ) who lacked the other diagnostic criteria of PCOS . Participants Subjects were recruited at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences .  Fecal microbial diversity profiles of healthy women ( n = 48 ) , women with PCOM ( n = 42 ) , and women diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria ( n = 73 ) were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing . Results Lower α diversity was observed in women with PCOS compared with healthy women . Women with PCOM had a change in α diversity that was intermediate between that of the other two groups . Regression analyses showed that hyper and rogenism , total testosterone , and hirsutism were negatively correlated with α diversity . Permutational multivariate analysis of variance in UniFrac distances showed that hyper and rogenism was also correlated with β diversity . A r and om forest identified bacteria that discriminated between healthy women and women with PCOS . Conclusion These results suggest that hyper and rogenism may play a critical role in altering the gut microbiome in women with PCOS
The administration of probiotic/synbiotic were associated with a significant improvement in FPG , FBI , HOMA I-R , BMI .
It also modified Ferriman-Gallway , serum triglycerides , serum testosterone , hs-CRP , NO , TAC , GSH , and MDA .
Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention showed that probiotics were associated with greater testosterone and FPG reduction ;  synbiotics administration result ed in a more pronounced decrease of the FBI .
Subgroup analyses on the duration of therapy showed that , probiotic/synbiotic administration had a significantly greater effect on QUICK-I in the case of women with 12-weeks of therapy than in the 8-weeks therapy group .
Nevertheless , we did not observe any significant difference was observed in terms of FBI , HOMA-IR , and FPG .
Probiotics and synbiotics seem to either an effect on/influence metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters , or can influence them .
Consequently , it could lead to an improvement of fertility in PCOS
Several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have investigated the use of probiotic/synbiotic in PCOS patients , without clarifying the real use in clinical practice .
The aim of this meta- analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of PCOS  .