Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
A smoking ban in public places increases the efficacy of bupropion and counseling on cessation outcomes at 1 year.
INTRODUCTION Legal restrictions have contributed to the decline in smoking prevalence in several European countries . We investigated the impact of the Italian 2005 indoor smoking ban on the efficacy of counseling alone or in combination with bupropion for smoking cessation . METHODS Before and after the introduction of the ban ( 2001 - 2006 ) , 550 smokers were enrolled in the smoking cessation program in Rome and were asked to choose between a 6-week group counseling therapy ( GCT ) given alone or in combination with 7 weeks of daily bupropion . Follow-up was completed 12 , 26 , and 52 weeks after the quit day . Due to the observational nature of the study , we used propensity scores to match 138 and 290 subjects ( pre-/postban ) in the bupropion- and GCT-only groups , respectively . RESULTS Covariate balance in the two matched sample s was adequate for all variables except " coffee consumption " in the GCT-only group . The regression adjusted odds ratios indicated that the introduction of the ban result ed in 52 % reduced odds of continued smoking at 12 months among the GCT + bupropion group and 41 % reduced odds in the GCT-only group . We observed that the ban was associated with both increased 12-month abstinence rates and motivation to quit . In a mediation analysis , we determined that the total effect of the smoking ban on the abstinence rate was reduced after controlling for motivation , which confirmed that motivation was a partial mediator . DISCUSSION The introduction of an indoor smoking ban improved the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments by possibly providing a setting that increased the level of motivation to stop smoking
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .