CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .
Diet, smoking and anthropometric indices and postmenopausal bone fractures: a prospective study.
OBJECTIVE Bone fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly in the US . The present study assesses the possible role of a number of risk factors for postmenopausal bone fractures .  METHODS We analysed the relationships of anthropometric , demographic and lifestyle factors  with the risk of bone fracture among 6250 postmenopausal women in a prospect i ve cohort study , the New York University Women 's Health Study . RESULTS After an average of 7.6 years of follow-up , 1025 new incident  bone fractures were reported , including 34 hip and 159 wrist fractures ( incidence rates ; 71.6 and 334.7 per 105 woman-years , respectively ) . The risk of fracture increased with increasing age , body height and total fat intake , while it was significantly lower among obese and African American women . The relative risk among African Americans was 0.45 ( 95 % CI : 0.32 - 0.63 ) compared with non-African Americans . Women taller than 170 cm had a 64 % increase in risk of fractures , as compared with those under 155 cm . These associations were generally more pronounced when fractures were limited to those at the hip and wrist . CONCLUSIONS The present study provides an indication for a potential role of dietary fat in the development of postmenopausal fractures and further evidence to support protective effects of obesity , short stature and African American ethnicity
CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .