For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?
Application of breast tomosynthesis in screening: incremental effect on mammography acquisition and reading time.
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to supplement the paucity of information available on logistical aspects of the application of three-dimensional ( 3D ) mammography in breast screening . METHODS We prospect ively examined the effect on radiographers ' and radiologists ' workload of implementing 3D mammography in screening by comparing image acquisition time and screen-reading time for two-dimensional ( 2D ) mammography with that of combined 2D+3D mammography .  Radiologists ' accuracy was also calculated . RESULTS Average acquisition time ( measured from start of first-view breast positioning to compression release at completion of last view ) for seven radiographers , based on 20 screening examinations , was longer for 2D+3D ( 4 min 3 s ; range 3 min 53 s-4 min 18 s ) than 2D mammography ( 3 min 13 s ; range 3 min 0 s-3 min 26 s ; p<0.01 ) . Average radiologists ' reading time per screening examination ( three radiologists reading case-mix of 100 screens : 10 cancers , 90 controls ) was longer for 2D+3D ( 77 s ; range 60 - 90 s ) than for 2D mammography ( 33 s ; range 25 - 46 s ; p<0.01 ) . 2D+3D  screen-reading was associated with detection of more cancers and with substantially fewer recalls than 2D mammography alone . CONCLUSION Relative to st and ard 2D mammography , combined 2D+3D mammography prolongs image acquisition time and screen-reading time ( at initial implementation ) , and appears to be associated with improved screening accuracy . ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE These findings provide relevant information to guide larger trials of integrated 3D mammography ( 2D+3D ) and its potential implementation into screening practice
For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?