All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Limited analgesic efficacy of nitrous oxide for painful procedures in children
Study objective : Nitrous oxide ( N2O ) is an attractive agent for procedural analgesia and sedation of children in the emergency department ( ED ) . Despite increasing use , efficacy data for painful procedures are limited . This study aim ed to determine pain scores during ED procedural sedation with N2O in the ED setting . Methods : Prospect i ve observational study of N2O use as a sole agent for procedural analgesia at a tertiary children ’s hospital ED .  Pain scores were obtained from patients and parents using visual analogue or faces scales , as appropriate . Parent and staff satisfaction with sedation and analgesia were assessed . Results : 124 children aged 1–17 years ( mean 8.1 ) underwent procedural analgesia with N2O for 131 procedures . Most procedures were orthopaedic ( 44 % ) or laceration repair ( 30 % ) . In 51 % of patients ( 95 % CI 42 % to 60 to 23 % ) pain scores remained unchanged and in 34 % ( 95 % CI 26 % to 43 % ) pain scores increased . Overall , 34 % ( 95 % CI 26 % to 43 % ) patients had intraprocedural scores of 50 mm or greater and 21 % ( 95 % CI 14 % to 29 % ) had pain scores of 70 mm or greater . Some procedures such as fracture reduction had a larger proportion of patients with high pain scores or 50 mm or greater ( 45 % ) and 70 mm or greater ( 29 % ) . Staff rated both sedation and analgesia as “ adequate ” in 92 % . Parents contacted in follow-up were satisfied or very satisfied with procedures in 96 % and sedations in 93 % . Conclusion : Data indicate that parents and staff are generally satisfied with N2O for procedural use in the ED . The efficacy of N2O as a sole agent in very painful procedures is limited
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .