Subgroup analyses revealed that palm oil has a beneficial effect on High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when more than 30 % of total dietary energy was constituted by fat .
This review revealed that palm oil does not induce increases in cardiovascular disease risk risk-related biomarkers relative to unsaturated fatty acids .
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise association between palm oil consumption and  lipid-related cardiovascular disease risk remains unclear .
A systematic review was thus performed to assess whether palm oil consumption has a negative effect on plasma lipid-related cardiovascular disease marker levels .

Exchanging partially hydrogenated fat
for palmitic acid in the diet increases
LDL-cholesterol and endogenous
cholesterol synthesis in
normocholesterolemic women
Summary . Partial hydrogenation of oil results in fats containing unusual isomeric fatty acids characterized by cis and trans configurations . Hydrogenated fats containing trans fatty acids increase plasma total cholesterol ( TC ) and LDL-cholesterol while depressing HDL-cholesterol levels . Identifying the content of trans fatty acids by food labeling is overshadowed by a reluctance of health authorities to label saturates and trans fatty acids separately . Thus , it is pertinent to compare the effects of trans to saturated fatty acids using stable isotope methodology to establish if the mechanism of increase in TC and LDL-cholesterol is due to the increase in the rate of endogenous synthesis of cholesterol . Ten healthy normocholesterolemic female subjects consumed each of two diets containing approximately 30 % of energy as fat for a fourweek period . One diet was high in palmitic acid ( 10.6 % of energy ) from palm olein and the other diet exchanged 5.6 % of energy as partially hydrogenated fat for palmitic acid . This fat blend result ed in monounsaturated fatty acids decreasing by 4.9 % and polyunsaturated fats increasing by 2.7 % . The hydrogenated fat diet treatment provided 3.1 % of energy as elaidic acid . For each dietary treatment , the fractional synthesis rates for cholesterol were measured using deuterium-labeling procedures and blood sample s were obtained for blood lipid and lipoprotein measurements . Subjects exhibited a higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level when consuming the diet containing trans fatty acids while also depressing the HDL-cholesterol level . Consuming the partially hydrogenated fat diet treatment increased the fractional synthesis rate of free cholesterol . Consumption of hydrogenated fats containing trans fatty acids in comparison to a mixtur e of palmitic and oleic acids increase plasma cholesterol levels apparently by increasing endogenous synthesis of cholesterol
Subgroup analyses revealed that palm oil has a beneficial effect on High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when more than 30 % of total dietary energy was constituted by fat .
This review revealed that palm oil does not induce increases in cardiovascular disease risk risk-related biomarkers relative to unsaturated fatty acids .
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise association between palm oil consumption and  lipid-related cardiovascular disease risk remains unclear .
A systematic review was thus performed to assess whether palm oil consumption has a negative effect on plasma lipid-related cardiovascular disease marker levels .