In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .
Paracetamol use in early life and asthma: prospective birth cohort study
Objective To determine if use of paracetamol in early life is an independent risk factor for  childhood asthma .  Design Prospect i ve birth cohort study . Setting Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study . Participants 620 children with a family history of allergic disease , with paracetamol use prospect ively documented on 18 occasions from birth to 2 years of age , followed until age 7 years . Main outcome measures The primary outcome was childhood asthma , ascertained by question naire at 6 and 7 years . Secondary outcomes were infantile wheeze , allergic rhinitis , eczema , and skin prick test positivity . Results Paracetamol had been used in 51 % ( 295/575 ) of children by 12 weeks of age and in 97 % ( 556/575 ) by 2 years . Between 6 and 7 years , 80 % ( 495/620 ) were followed up ; 30 % ( 148 ) had current asthma . Increasing frequency of paracetamol use was weakly associated with increased risk of childhood asthma ( crude odds ratio 1.18 , 95 % confidence interval 1.00 to 1.39 , per doubling of days of use ) . However , after adjustment for frequency of respiratory infections , this association essentially disappeared ( odds ratio 1.08 , 0.91 to 1.29 ) . Paracetamol use for non-respiratory causes was not associated with asthma ( crude odds ratio 0.95 , 0.81 to 1.12 ) . Conclusions In children with a family history of allergic diseases , no association was found between early paracetamol use and risk of subsequent allergic disease after adjustment for respiratory infections or when paracetamol use was restricted to non-respiratory tract infections . These findings suggest that early paracetamol use does not increase the risk of asthma
In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .