Results : We confirmed the importance of the 4 main factors influencing SC : ( 1 ) environmental factors , ( 2 ) genomic factors , ( 3 ) gene-environment interactions , and ( 4 ) evidence -based interventions .
The model demonstrates the complex network of factors influencing SC .
Background : Smoking behaviour is a major public health problem worldwide .
Several sources have confirmed the implication of genomic factors in smoking behaviour .
These factors interact both with environmental factors and interventions to develop a certain behaviour .
Objectives : Describing the environmental and genomic factors as well as the interventions influencing smoking cessation  ( SC ) and developing a working model incorporating the different factors influencing SC were our main objectives .
Genetic variation in mu-opioid-receptor-interacting proteins and smoking cessation in a nicotine replacement therapy trial.
Extending a previous finding of an association between functional genetic variation in the mu-opioid receptor gene and response to nicotine replacement therapy , we explored the role of genetic variants in two genes encoding mu-opioid-receptor-interacting proteins , namely ARRB2 and HINT1 . Participants were 374 smokers treated for nicotine dependence with either transdermal nicotine or nicotine nasal spray for 8 weeks in an open-label r and omized trial . In a logistic regression model controlling for OPRM1 genotype , treatment type , and other covariates , we found no significant main effect of ARRB2 genotype on abstinence at either end of treatment or 6-month follow-up . Participants with the HINT1 TT genotype had significantly higher abstinence rates at 6-month follow-up , but this may not be a pharmacogenetic effect , given that the participants were drug free during this time . Haplotype analysis did not reveal any significant associations for either gene . We found an interaction of ARRB2 and OPRM1 genotype on abstinence at 6 months that approached significance ; however , interpretation of this finding is limited by the small number of participants with the minor alleles for both genes . Although these data do not provide support for the role of genetic variation in these mu-opioid-receptor-interacting proteins and smoking cessation , further exploration of opioid pathway genes in larger prospect i ve pharmacogenetic trials may be warranted
Results : We confirmed the importance of the 4 main factors influencing SC : ( 1 ) environmental factors , ( 2 ) genomic factors , ( 3 ) gene-environment interactions , and ( 4 ) evidence -based interventions .
The model demonstrates the complex network of factors influencing SC .
Background : Smoking behaviour is a major public health problem worldwide .
Several sources have confirmed the implication of genomic factors in smoking behaviour .
These factors interact both with environmental factors and interventions to develop a certain behaviour .
Objectives : Describing the environmental and genomic factors as well as the interventions influencing smoking cessation  ( SC ) and developing a working model incorporating the different factors influencing SC were our main objectives .