The most commonly described determinants at the patient level were lack of education , lack of self-awareness , lack of self-efficacy , and forgetfulness .
Clinical inertia and an inadequate health workforce were the most commonly targeted determinants at the health care team and system level .
Taking medication , interactive patient-provider communication , self-measurement , and lifestyle management were the most cited patient behaviors at both levels .
Most of the DIs did not include support from peers or family members , despite its reported effectiveness and the rate of social media penetration .
Background Information on how behavior change strategies have been used to design digital interventions ( DIs ) to improve blood pressure ( BP ) control or medication adherence ( MA ) for patients with hypertension is currently limited .
Objective Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and can be controlled with appropriate medication .
Many interventions that target MA to improve BP are increasingly using modern digital technologies .
This systematic review was conducted to discover how DIs have been design ed to improve MA and BP control among patients with hypertension in the recent 10 years .
Economic evaluation of home blood pressure monitoring with or without telephonic behavioral self-management in patients with hypertension.
BACKGROUND The Take Control of Your Blood Pressure trial evaluated the effect of a multicomponent telephonic behavioral lifestyle intervention , patient self-monitoring , and both interventions combined compared with usual care on reducing systolic blood pressure during 24 months . The combined intervention led to a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure compared with usual care alone . We examined direct and patient time costs associated with each intervention . METHODS We conducted a prospect i ve economic evaluation alongside a r and omized controlled trial of 636 patients with hypertension participating in the study interventions .  Medical costs were estimated using electronic data representing medical services delivered within the health system . Intervention-related costs were derived using information collected during the trial , administrative records , and published unit costs . RESULTS During 24 months , patients incurred a mean of $ 6,965 ( s.d . , $ 22,054 ) in inpatient costs and $ 8,676 ( s.d . , $ 9,368 ) in outpatient costs , with no significant differences among the intervention groups . With base-case assumptions , intervention costs were estimated at $ 90 ( s.d . , $ 2 ) for home blood pressure monitoring , $ 345 ( s.d . , $ 64 ) for the behavioral intervention ( $ 31 per telephone encounter ) , and $ 416 ( s.d . , $ 93 ) for the combined intervention . Patient time costs were estimated at $ 585 ( s.d . , $ 487 ) for home monitoring , $ 55 ( s.d . , $ 16 ) for the behavioral intervention , and $ 741 ( s.d . , $ 529 ) for the combined intervention . CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrated that the interventions are cost-additive to the health-care system in the short term and that patients ' time costs are nontrivial
The most commonly described determinants at the patient level were lack of education , lack of self-awareness , lack of self-efficacy , and forgetfulness .
Clinical inertia and an inadequate health workforce were the most commonly targeted determinants at the health care team and system level .
Taking medication , interactive patient-provider communication , self-measurement , and lifestyle management were the most cited patient behaviors at both levels .
Most of the DIs did not include support from peers or family members , despite its reported effectiveness and the rate of social media penetration .
Background Information on how behavior change strategies have been used to design digital interventions ( DIs ) to improve blood pressure ( BP ) control or medication adherence ( MA ) for patients with hypertension is currently limited .
Objective Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and can be controlled with appropriate medication .
Many interventions that target MA to improve BP are increasingly using modern digital technologies .
This systematic review was conducted to discover how DIs have been design ed to improve MA and BP control among patients with hypertension in the recent 10 years .