Serious adverse events attributable to vitamin D supplementation were rare across all studies .
On the basis of studies review ed to date , the strongest evidence supports further research into adjunctive vitamin D therapy for tuberculosis , influenza , and viral upper respiratory tract illnesses .
OBJECTIVE To review the existing human controlled intervention studies of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in setting s of infection and provide recommendations for design and implementation of future studies in this field on the basis of the evidence review ed .
The effect of multi-vitamin/mineral supplementation on mortality during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised two-by-two factorial trial in Mwanza, Tanzania.
Malnutrition is common in pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB ) , and may impair survival . The objective of this study was to assess effects of multi-vitamin/mineral ( MVM ) and zinc ( Zn ) supplementation during TB treatment on mortality . Patients diagnosed with sputum-positive pulmonary TB in Mwanza , Tanzania , were r and omised , using a two-by-two factorial design , to Zn ( 45 mg ) or placebo , and MVM ( vitamins A , B , C , D , E , and selenium and copper ) or placebo .  Survival status was ascertained at the end of the 8-month TB treatment and supplementation period . Of 499 TB patients , 213 ( 43 % ) had HIV . The mean weight gain at 7 months was 6.88 kg ( 95 % CI 6.36 , 7.41 ) . Zn and MVM combined , but neither alone ( interaction , P=0.03 ) , increased weight gain by 2.37 kg ( 95 % CI 0.91 , 3.83 ) , irrespective of HIV status . Survival status at 8 months was determined for 422 patients ( 84.6 % ) , of which fifty-two ( 12.3 % ) had died . Among fifty-two deaths , there were no effects of MVM ( relative risk ( RR ) 0.73 ; 95 % CI 0.43 , 1.23 ) and Zn ( RR 0.76 ; 95 % CI 0.46 , 1.28 ) . However , among HIV co-infected patients , marginally significant effects of both MVM ( RR 0.60 ; 95 % CI 0.34 , 1.05 ) and Zn ( RR 0.63 , 95 % CI 0.37 , 1.08 ) were seen , and MVM and Zn combined reduced mortality ( RR 0.29 ; 95 % CI 0.10 , 0.80 ; interaction ratio 0.52 ) . In conclusion , supplementation with MVM , including Zn , during treatment of pulmonary TB may reduce mortality in those co-infected with HIV . A r and omised trial of the effect of the combined intervention used in this study should be conducted in a different setting to confirm the finding
Serious adverse events attributable to vitamin D supplementation were rare across all studies .
On the basis of studies review ed to date , the strongest evidence supports further research into adjunctive vitamin D therapy for tuberculosis , influenza , and viral upper respiratory tract illnesses .
OBJECTIVE To review the existing human controlled intervention studies of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in setting s of infection and provide recommendations for design and implementation of future studies in this field on the basis of the evidence review ed .