In conclusion , the role of dairy products for BMC or BMD has been sufficiently established in Chinese and Caucasian girls and women .
In Caucasian women , drinking milk also reduces fracture risk .
The relevance of dairy produce for the diminishment of osteoporotic risk is still a matter of scientific debate due to the outcome of a few single observational studies .
Calcium-vitamin D-fortified milk is as effective on circulating bone biomarkers as fortified juice and supplement but has less acceptance: a randomised controlled school-based trial.
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D , especially during cold seasons , is quite prevalent among primary school children in Tehran . The present study aim ed to compare the efficacy of calcium-vitamin D-fortified-milk , -orange juice and supplement in primary school children . METHODS Children aged 9 - 12 years from both sexes were r and omly assigned to one of six groups to receive plain milk , fortified milk , plain orange juice , fortified orange juice , supplement or placebo . Both fortified-milk and -juice contained 100 IU of vitamin D and 500 mg of calcium per 200 mL package , whereas supplement contained 200 IU of vitamin D and 500 mg of calcium . The duration of intervention was 12 weeks , from November 2008 to March 2009 . RESULTS A total of 410 children completed the study . Regression analysis with adjustment for both sex and initial values of 25(OH)D revealed that consumption of either supplement , fortified orange juice or fortified milk result ed in a 20.8 nm [ confidence interval ( CI ) = 17.4 - 23.9 ] , 9.9 nm ( CI = 7.4 - 12.3 ) or 6.9 nm ( CI = 3.3 - 10.5 ) increase in circulating 25(OH)D compared to the related control groups . However , changes in serum osteocalcin and intact parathyroid hormone in the supplement group did not differ from those of fortified milk or plain milk . The increment of osteocalcin in both plain milk and fortified milk was more than in fortified orange juice , although the difference was statistically insignificant . CONCLUSIONS Despite having double amount of vitamin D and being more effective in raising serum 25(OH)D , supplementation did not confer additional benefit in terms of osteocalcin and intact parathyroid hormone compared to either fortified or plain milk
In conclusion , the role of dairy products for BMC or BMD has been sufficiently established in Chinese and Caucasian girls and women .
In Caucasian women , drinking milk also reduces fracture risk .
The relevance of dairy produce for the diminishment of osteoporotic risk is still a matter of scientific debate due to the outcome of a few single observational studies .