Evidence of fair method ological quality suggests that walking is associated with significant improvements in outcome compared with control interventions but longer-term effectiveness is uncertain .
With the use of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force system , walking can be recommended as an effective form of exercise or activity for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain but should be supplemented with strategies aim ed at maintaining participation .
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the evidence examining effects of walking interventions on  pain and self-reported function in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain .
Improved cardiovascular health following a progressive walking and dietary intervention for type 2 diabetes.
AIM To examine the impact of two different lifestyle programmes on cardiovascular health and glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes . METHODS A two-phase 24-week r and omized trial . During the first phase , participants were to increase daily steps using a pedometer . At week 12 , participants were r and omly allocated to either an enhanced lifestyle programme ( ELP ) targeting walking speed or a basic lifestyle programme ( BLP ) targeting total daily steps . Both programmes focused on increasing the intake of low glycaemic index foods but utilized different goal setting strategies . Clinical measurements were completed at baseline , week 12 and week 24 . Principal outcomes were change in resting pulse rate ( PR ) and glycated haemoglobin A1c ( A1c ) between week 12 and week 24 compared between groups using analysis of covariance . RESULTS Forty-one participants [ mean + /- s.d . : age = 56.5 + /- 7.2 years , body mass index ( BMI ) = 32.7 + /- 6.1 kg/m(2 ) ] were r and omized . After 12 weeks , we observed an increase in average total daily steps of 1688 ( 95 % confidence interval : 330 - 3040 , [ corrected ] p = 0.02 ) . Weight , BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure improved ( p < 0.01 for all ) . No changes were observed for energy intake . At week 24 , those in the ELP had a lower resting PR ( 71 + /- 12 b.p.m . ) compared with those in the BLP ( 78 + /- 12 b.p.m . ) ( adjusted p = 0.03 ) , while no group differences for total daily steps or glycaemic control were observed . CONCLUSIONS Improvements in cardiovascular health can be expected following a pedometer-based lifestyle modification programme that progresses from walking more to walking faster
Evidence of fair method ological quality suggests that walking is associated with significant improvements in outcome compared with control interventions but longer-term effectiveness is uncertain .
With the use of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force system , walking can be recommended as an effective form of exercise or activity for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain but should be supplemented with strategies aim ed at maintaining participation .
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the evidence examining effects of walking interventions on  pain and self-reported function in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain .