Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”
Effect of an intervention addressing working technique on the biomechanical load of the neck and shoulders among hairdressers.
The purpose of this study was to describe , and analyse the effect of an intervention on , the biomechanical workload in the neck and shoulder region of female hairdressers . Arm elevation was measured by inclinometers and muscular load of m. trapezius by electromyography . The intervention comprised working technique recommendations , e.g. to work with less elevated arms and more relaxed muscles . The subjects were r and omised between two different intensity levels of the intervention , one with written information only and the other with additional personal follow-up . The effect of the intervention was evaluated after 1 - 2 months . The hairdressers worked with their arms elevated 60 degrees or more for approximately 13 % of the total working time and 16 % during the specific hairdressing tasks . The intervention group including personal follow-up instructions had a reduction in workload from 4.0 % to 2.5 % of hairdressing time with highly elevated right upper arm , i.e. above 90 degrees . No effect was detected on muscular load or neck and shoulder symptoms after the intervention
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”