Qualitative assessment of other anthropometric indices also showed a beneficial effect of this dietary pattern in improving body fat and BMI values ; however , these findings are not conclusive because of limited number of studies .
Adherence to the ND  significantly improves body weight ; however , there is also no certainty that this diet is effective for improving other anthropometric indices .
Studies on the effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on body weight and adiposity indices were conflicting .
This study targeted to perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) examined the effect of the ND on body weight and composition .
A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations.
BACKGROUND Ad libitum , low-carbohydrate diets decrease caloric intake and cause weight loss . It is unclear whether these effects are due to the reduced carbohydrate content of such diets or to their associated increase in protein intake . OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that increasing the protein content while maintaining the carbohydrate content of the diet lowers body weight by decreasing appetite and spontaneous caloric intake . DESIGN Appetite , caloric intake , body weight , and fat mass were measured in 19 subjects placed sequentially on the following diets : a weight-maintaining diet ( 15 % protein , 35 % fat , and 50 % carbohydrate ) for 2 wk , an isocaloric diet ( 30 % protein , 20 % fat , and 50 % carbohydrate ) for 2 wk , and an ad libitum diet ( 30 % protein , 20 % fat , and 50 % carbohydrate ) for 12 wk .  Blood was sample d frequently at the end of each diet phase to measure the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ( AUC ) for insulin , leptin , and ghrelin . RESULTS Satiety was markedly increased with the isocaloric high-protein diet despite an unchanged leptin AUC . Mean ( + /-SE ) spontaneous energy intake decreased by 441 + /- 63 kcal/d , body weight decreased by 4.9 + /- 0.5 kg , and fat mass decreased by 3.7 + /- 0.4 kg with the ad libitum , high-protein diet , despite a significantly decreased leptin AUC and increased ghrelin AUC . CONCLUSIONS An increase in dietary protein from 15 % to 30 % of energy at a constant carbohydrate intake produces a sustained decrease in ad libitum caloric intake that may be mediated by increased central nervous system leptin sensitivity and results in significant weight loss . This anorexic effect of protein may contribute to the weight loss produced by low-carbohydrate diets
Qualitative assessment of other anthropometric indices also showed a beneficial effect of this dietary pattern in improving body fat and BMI values ; however , these findings are not conclusive because of limited number of studies .
Adherence to the ND  significantly improves body weight ; however , there is also no certainty that this diet is effective for improving other anthropometric indices .
Studies on the effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on body weight and adiposity indices were conflicting .
This study targeted to perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) examined the effect of the ND on body weight and composition .