Results showed that mechanical active irrigation reduces post-operative pain .
It improved debridement , canal/isthmus cleanliness .
It also improved delivery of irrigant up to working length .
Bacterial count was more with active irrigation , though not significant .
There is no effect on long-term periapical healing .
Conclusion It may be concluded that mechanical active irrigation devices are beneficial in reducing post-operative pain and improving canal and isthmus cleanliness during Endodontics
Objective Irrigant activation has been cl aim ed to be beneficial in in vitro and clinical studies .
This systematic review aims to investigate the clinical efficiency of mechanically activated irrigants and conventional irrigation .
An in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of ultrasound after step-back preparation in mandibular molars.
This study histologically compared the in vivo debridement efficacy of the step-back preparation versus a step-back/ultrasound preparation in the mesial root canals of vital m and ibular molars . Group 1 consisted of 17 teeth prepared with a step-back technique using intermittent irrigation with 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite . Group 2 consisted of 17 teeth prepared with a step-back technique as in group 1 followed by 3 min of ultrasonic instrumentation per canal utilizing a # 15 Endosonic file in an Enac unit set at 3.5 . An additional 6 ml/canal of 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite was used during the ultrasonic preparation .  Eight uninstrumented m and ibular molars served as histological controls . Following extraction and histological preparation , 0.2-microns cross-sections from the 1- to 3-mm apical levels of the canal and isthmus were evaluated for percentage of tissue removal using an Olympus CUE-2 Image Analysis System . Factorial analysis of variance indicated canal and isthmus cleanliness values were significantly higher , at all 11 apical levels , with the ultrasonic technique . Sample values at the 1- , 2- , and 3-mm levels for the step-back and step-back/ultrasonic techniques , respectively , were : canal , 64 % versus 92 % , 81 % versus 97 % , and 90 % versus 99.9 % ; isthmus , 2 % versus 46 % , 15 % versus 60 % , and 16 % versus 83 %
Results showed that mechanical active irrigation reduces post-operative pain .
It improved debridement , canal/isthmus cleanliness .
It also improved delivery of irrigant up to working length .
Bacterial count was more with active irrigation , though not significant .
There is no effect on long-term periapical healing .
Conclusion It may be concluded that mechanical active irrigation devices are beneficial in reducing post-operative pain and improving canal and isthmus cleanliness during Endodontics
Objective Irrigant activation has been cl aim ed to be beneficial in in vitro and clinical studies .
This systematic review aims to investigate the clinical efficiency of mechanically activated irrigants and conventional irrigation .