Fructose had no effect on LDL-C , non-HDL-C , apolipoprotein B , triglycerides , or HDL-C in isocaloric trials .
Conclusions Pooled analyses showed that fructose only had an adverse effect on established lipid targets when added to existing diets so as to provide excess calories ( + 21 % to 35 % energy ) .
When isocalorically exchanged for other carbohydrates , fructose had no adverse effects on blood lipids .
Background Debate over the role of fructose in mediating  cardiovascular  risk remains active .
To up date the evidence on the effect of fructose on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular disease ( low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL]-C , apolipoprotein B , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [ HDL-C ] ) , and metabolic syndrome ( triglycerides and HDL-C ) , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of controlled feeding trials .
A measure to aid in the interpretation of published clinical trials.
The published literature contains numerous reports of clinical studies . A problem in their interpretation is that studies in which the observed efficacy of the treatment is high are much more likely to be reported than those in which the observed efficacy is average or poor . This phenomenon has had the consequence of generally discrediting the reliability of the literature , especially that of non-r and omized studies . In this paper a model is developed which permits estimation of the potential magnitude by which the reported efficacy of a treatment might be inflated . This quantity is termed the publication bias . The magnitude of the bias depends on the sample size of the study and the number of similar studies conducted concurrently . Tabulated values of the bias are presented , permitting easy computation . The new measure may have potential use for physicians in clinical decision making in that it characterizes the reliability of results from a specific published study , especially when there are no definitive r and omized studies . However , correction of publication bias in this manner is not a substitute for a well controlled or a r and omized study . The technique merely assists in the interpretation of available evidence from the literature . Moreover , it must be used with due caution in recognition of the assumptions and approximations involved in the calculation
Fructose had no effect on LDL-C , non-HDL-C , apolipoprotein B , triglycerides , or HDL-C in isocaloric trials .
Conclusions Pooled analyses showed that fructose only had an adverse effect on established lipid targets when added to existing diets so as to provide excess calories ( + 21 % to 35 % energy ) .
When isocalorically exchanged for other carbohydrates , fructose had no adverse effects on blood lipids .
Background Debate over the role of fructose in mediating  cardiovascular  risk remains active .
To up date the evidence on the effect of fructose on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular disease ( low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL]-C , apolipoprotein B , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [ HDL-C ] ) , and metabolic syndrome ( triglycerides and HDL-C ) , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of controlled feeding trials .