This dietary pattern did not significantly affect 2-h post-pr and ial blood glucose and Matsuda index .
Conclusions Adherence to the ND might improve serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels ; however , this effect was not confirmed for other markers of blood glucose control .
Aims Investigations on the possible effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on the glycemic control and the risk of diabetes have led to inconsistent results .
The present study tried to determine the effect of the ND on the markers of blood glucose control using a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) .
Dietary magnesium intake in relation to plasma insulin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
OBJECTIVE Higher intake of magnesium appears to improve glucose and insulin homeostasis ; however , there are sparse prospect i ve data on the association between magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Women 's Health Study , a cohort of 39,345 U.S. women aged > /=45 years with no previous history of cardiovascular disease , cancer , or type 2 diabetes completed vali date d semiquantitative food frequency question naires in 1993 and were followed for an average of 6 years . We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate multivariate relative risks ( RRs ) of type 2 diabetes across quintiles of magnesium intake compared with the lowest quintile . In a sample of 349 apparently healthy women from this study , we measured plasma fasting insulin levels to examine their relation to magnesium intake . RESULTS During 222,523 person-years of follow-up , we documented 918 confirmed incident cases of type 2 diabetes . There was a significant inverse association between  magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes , independent of age and BMI ( P = 0.007 for trend ) . After further adjustment for physical activity , alcohol intake , smoking , family history of diabetes , and total calorie intake , the multivariate-adjusted RRs of diabetes from the lowest to highest quintiles of magnesium intake were attenuated at 1.0 , 1.06 , 0.81 , 0.86 , and 0.89 ( P = 0.05 for trend ) . Among women with BMI > /=25 kg/m2 , the inverse trend was significant ; multivariate-adjusted RRs were 1.0 , 0.96 , 0.76 , 0.84 , and 0.78 ( P = 0.02 for trend ) . Multivariate-adjusted geometric mean insulin levels for overweight women in the lowest quartile of magnesium intake was 53.5 compared with 41.5 pmol/l among those at the highest quartile ( P = 0.03 for trend ) . CONCLUSIONS These findings support a protective role of higher intake of magnesium in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes , especially in overweight women
This dietary pattern did not significantly affect 2-h post-pr and ial blood glucose and Matsuda index .
Conclusions Adherence to the ND might improve serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels ; however , this effect was not confirmed for other markers of blood glucose control .
Aims Investigations on the possible effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on the glycemic control and the risk of diabetes have led to inconsistent results .
The present study tried to determine the effect of the ND on the markers of blood glucose control using a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) .