Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .
Risky Business: Risk Perception and the Use of Medical Services among Customers of DTC Personal Genetic Testing
Direct-to-consumer  genetic testing has generated speculation about how customers will interpret results and how these interpretations will influence healthcare use and behavior ; however , few empirical data on these topics exist . We conducted an online survey of DTC customers of 23 and Me , deCODEme , and Navigenics to begin to address these questions . R and om sample s of U.S. DTC customers were invited to participate . Survey topics included demographics , perceptions of two sample DTC results , and health behaviors following DTC testing .  Of 3,167 DTC customers invited , 33 % ( n = 1,048 ) completed the survey . Forty-three percent of respondents had sought additional information about a health condition tested ; 28 % had discussed their results with a healthcare professional ; and 9 % had followed up with additional lab tests . Sixteen percent of respondents had changed a medication or supplement regimen , and one-third said they were being more careful about their diet . Many of these health-related behaviors were significantly associated with responses to a question that asked how participants would perceive their colon cancer risk ( as low , moderate , or high ) if they received a test result showing an 11 % lifetime risk , as compared to 5 % risk in the general population . Respondents who would consider themselves to be at high risk for colon cancer were significantly more likely to have sought information about a disease ( p = 0.03 ) , discussed results with a physician ( p = 0.05 ) , changed their diet ( p = 0.02 ) , and started exercising more ( p = 0.01 ) . Participants ’ personal health context s — including personal and family history of disease and quality of self-perceived health — were also associated with health-related behaviors after testing . Subjective interpretations of genetic risk data and personal context appear to be related to health behaviors among DTC customers . Sharing DTC test results with healthcare professionals may add perceived utility to the tests
Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .