Data showed improvements secondary to exercise in ' physical function ' and ' general health ' .
The other domains - ' role physical ' , ' bodily pain ' , ' vitality ' , ' social ' , ' role emotional ' , and ' mental health ' - did not show improvement at six months .
Although results showed significant heterogeneity between trials , population s and outcomes were comparable overall , with findings relevant to the claudicant population .
High- quality evidence shows that exercise programmes provided important benefit compared with placebo or usual care in improving both pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with leg pain from IC who were considered to be fit for exercise intervention .
Exercise did not improve ABI , and we found no evidence of an effect of exercise on amputation or mortality .
Exercise may improve quality of life when compared with placebo or usual care .
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive , low-risk option compared with other , more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking ( intermittent claudication ( IC ) ) .
This is the fourth up date of a review first published in 1998 .
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication .
Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease , reducing cardiovascular events , and improving quality of life .
Ischemia-related changes in circulating stem and progenitor cells and associated clinical characteristics in peripheral artery disease
The extent and clinical significance of stem and progenitor cell ( SPC ) increases in response to lower-extremity ischemia in people with peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) are unclear . We compared changes in SPC levels immediately following a treadmill exercise test between individuals with and without PAD . Among participants with PAD , we determined whether more severe PAD was associated with greater increases in SPCs following treadmill exercise-induced lower-extremity ischemia . We measured SPC levels in 25 participants with PAD and 20 without PAD  before and immediately after a treadmill exercise test .  Participants with PAD , compared to participants without PAD , had greater increases in CD34+CD45dim ( + 0.08±0.03 vs −0.06±0.04 , p=0.008 ) , CD34+CD45dimCD133 + ( + 0.08±0.05 vs −0.08±0.04 , p=0.014 ) , CD34+CD45dimCD31 + ( + 0.10±0.03 vs −0.07±0.04 , p=0.002 ) , and CD34+CD45dimALDH+ SPCs ( + 0.18±0.07 vs −0.05±0.08 , p=0.054 ) measured as a percentage of all white blood cells . Among participants with PAD , those with any increases in the percent of SPCs immediately after the treadmill exercise test compared to those with no change or a decrease in SPCs had lower baseline ankle – brachial index values ( 0.65±0.17 vs 0.90±0.19 , p=0.004 ) and shorter treadmill times to onset of ischemic leg symptoms ( 2.17±1.54 vs 5.25±3.72 minutes , p=0.012 ) . In conclusion , treadmill exercise-induced lower-extremity ischemia is associated with acute increases in circulating SPCs among people with PAD . More severe PAD is associated with a higher prevalence of SPC increases in response to lower-extremity ischemia . Further prospect i ve study is needed to establish the prognostic significance of ischemia-related increases in SPCs among patients with PAD
Data showed improvements secondary to exercise in ' physical function ' and ' general health ' .
The other domains - ' role physical ' , ' bodily pain ' , ' vitality ' , ' social ' , ' role emotional ' , and ' mental health ' - did not show improvement at six months .
Although results showed significant heterogeneity between trials , population s and outcomes were comparable overall , with findings relevant to the claudicant population .
High- quality evidence shows that exercise programmes provided important benefit compared with placebo or usual care in improving both pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with leg pain from IC who were considered to be fit for exercise intervention .
Exercise did not improve ABI , and we found no evidence of an effect of exercise on amputation or mortality .
Exercise may improve quality of life when compared with placebo or usual care .
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive , low-risk option compared with other , more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking ( intermittent claudication ( IC ) ) .
This is the fourth up date of a review first published in 1998 .
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication .
Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease , reducing cardiovascular events , and improving quality of life .