No trials reported serious adverse events .
Subgroup analysis by dose did not identify any significant differences in effect on our primary outcomes between low- , medium- or high-dose ranges .
We found that short-term use of methylpheni date might improve symptoms of hyperactivity and possibly inattention in children with ASD who are tolerant of the medication , although the low quality of evidence means that we can not be certain of the true magnitude of any effect .
There was no evidence that methylpheni date has a negative impact on the core symptoms of ASD , or that it improves social interaction , stereotypical behaviours , or overall ASD .
BACKGROUND Children with autistic spectrum disorder ( ASD ) frequently present with inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity , which are the cardinal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
The effectiveness of methylpheni date , a commonly used ADHD treatment , is therefore of interest in these children .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of methylpheni date for symptoms of ADHD ( inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity ) and ASD ( impairments in social interaction and communication , and repetitive , restricted or stereotypical behaviours ) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years with ASD .
A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of OROS-methylphenidate compared to usual care with immediate-release methylphenidate in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
BACKGROUND The thrice daily dosing regimen of immediate release methylpheni date ( IR-MPH ) for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) requires in-school dosing , leading to issues surrounding dispensing and storage of controlled substances by school personnel and concerns over children?s privacy and the embarrassment associated with taking medication in public at school . OROS-methylpheni date ( OROS-MPH ) is a once-daily controlled-release formulation of methylpheni date ( MPH ) developed to overcome some of the limitations associated with IR-MPH and first-generation sustained-release formulations . R and omized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) that focus on treatment efficacy provide the best evidence for demonstrating whether an intervention works , but under ideal conditions one can not discount the importance of efficacy study results . However , the most useful information to clinicians comes from an effectiveness study design . OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of OROS-MPH versus usual care with IR-MPH in children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD . METHODS This 8 week , multicentre , open-label study r and omized 147 subjects to either once-daily OROS-MPH or usual care with IR-MPH .  Subjects were titrated to a clinical ly effective dose of either study medication over 4 weeks and maintained on that dose for an additional 4 weeks . The SNAP-IV parent-rating scale was used to assess effectiveness . RESULTS OROS-MPH showed statistically significant superiority to IR-MPH in remission rate based on the 18 ADHD symptoms ( p=0.0002 , X2=13.8 , df=1 ) and severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms ( p=0.004 , F=8.4 , df=1,127 ) , as well as on the following secondary assessment s : IOWA Conners , Conners Parent Rating Scale ( short version ) , Parent Stress Index , ( short version ) ; Visual Analogue Scale for social play ; Clinical Global Impression-Severity , Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Parent Satisfaction with treatment .  OROS-MPH and IR-MPH were both well tolerated with a similar side effect profile . CONCLUSIONS Once-daily OROS-MPH is significantly more effective than usual care with IR-MPH based on multiple outcome measures including remission rate
No trials reported serious adverse events .
Subgroup analysis by dose did not identify any significant differences in effect on our primary outcomes between low- , medium- or high-dose ranges .
We found that short-term use of methylpheni date might improve symptoms of hyperactivity and possibly inattention in children with ASD who are tolerant of the medication , although the low quality of evidence means that we can not be certain of the true magnitude of any effect .
There was no evidence that methylpheni date has a negative impact on the core symptoms of ASD , or that it improves social interaction , stereotypical behaviours , or overall ASD .
BACKGROUND Children with autistic spectrum disorder ( ASD ) frequently present with inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity , which are the cardinal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
The effectiveness of methylpheni date , a commonly used ADHD treatment , is therefore of interest in these children .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of methylpheni date for symptoms of ADHD ( inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity ) and ASD ( impairments in social interaction and communication , and repetitive , restricted or stereotypical behaviours ) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years with ASD .