An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
The effect of surface treatments on the micro-shear bond strength of a resin luting agent and four all-ceramic systems.
OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated the micro-shear bond strength between a  resin luting agent  and four strengthened all-ceramic systems under different surface treatments . METHODS Rectangular specimens of IPS Empress 2 ( Ivoclar-Vivadent ) , Cergogold ( DeguDent ) , In Ceram Alumina ( Vita ) and Cercon ( DeguDent ) ceramics were fabricated and r and omly divided into three groups : 1-no  treatment ; 2-etched with 9.5 % hydrofluoric acid and 3-airborne-particle abraded with 50 microm aluminum oxide particles . The ceramic surfaces of the specimens were coated with a silane agent ( Clearfil Porcelain Bond , Kuraray ) , then bonded with a resin-luting agent ( Panavia F , Kuraray ) . A micro-shear bond test was carried out to measure the bond strength . Moreover , each ceramic surface was observed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy . The results were su bmi tted to analysis of variance and Tukey 's post-hoc analysis ( p<0.05 ) . RESULTS The bond strength of all ceramic systems evaluated was affected by the surface treatments ( p<0.05 ) . The highest values for bond strength of IPS Empress 2 were found when the surface treatment used was hydrofluoric acid etching , followed by airborne particle abrasion treatment . On the other h and , airborne particle abrasion treatment and acid etching were not different for Cergogold and In Ceram Alumina ceramics , but they were higher when compared to the control ( p<0.05 ) . The highest bond strength to Cercon was found when it was treated with airborne particle abrasion with aluminum oxide . The SEM photographs showed that the hydrofluoric acid etching treatment affected the surface of IPS Empress 2 and Cergogold ; however , Cercon and In Ceram surface morphology were not changed by the hydrofluoric acid etching . The airborne particle abrasion treatment altered the Cercon ceramic morphology but it did not change the other ceramic 's surface
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .