Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation showed no influence on the improvement of sputum smear-negative conversion rates and BMI , as well as the decrease in ESR
Background Vitamin D might be promising to serve as an adjunctive therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB ) .
However , the results remained controversial .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in patients with pulmonary TB .
Vitamin D status and TB treatment outcomes in adult patients in Tanzania: a cohort study
Objectives Vitamin D is an immunomodulator and can alter response to tuberculosis ( TB ) treatment , though r and omised trials have been inconclusive to date . We present one of the first comprehensive analysis of the associations between vitamin D status and TB treatment , T-cell counts and nutritional outcomes by HIV status . Design Cohort study . Setting Outpatient clinics in Tanzania . Participants 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were assessed in a cohort of 677 patients with TB ( 344 HIV infected ) initiating anti-TB treatment at enrolment in a multivitamin supplementation ( excluding vitamin D ) trial ( Clinical trials.gov identifier : NCT00197704 ) . Primary and secondary outcome measures Information on treatment outcomes such as failure and relapse , HIV disease progression , T-cell counts and anthropometry was collected routinely , with a median follow-up of 52 and 30 months for HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected patients , respectively . Cox and binomial regression , and generalised estimating equations were used to assess the association of vitamin D status with these outcomes . Results Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at enrolment were 69.8 ( ±21.5 ) nmol/L ( 27.9 ( ±8.6 ) ng/mL ) . Vitamin D insufficiency ( < 75 nmol/L ) was associated with a 66 % higher risk of relapse ( 95 % CI 4 % to 164 % ; 133 % higher risk in HIV-uninfected patients ) . Each unit higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline were associated with a decrease of 3 ( p=0.004 ) CD8 and 3 ( p=0.01 ) CD3 T-cells/µL during follow-up in patients with HIV infection . Vitamin D insufficiency was also associated with a greater decrease of body mass index ( BMI ; –0.21 kg/m2 ; 95 % CI −0.39 to −0.02 ) , during the first 8 months of follow-up . No association was observed  for vitamin D status with mortality or HIV disease progression . Conclusions Adequate vitamin D status is associated with a lower risk of relapse and with improved nutritional indicators such as BMI in patients with TB , with or without HIV infection . Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose of vitamin D and effectiveness of daily vitamin D supplementation among patients with TB
Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation showed no influence on the improvement of sputum smear-negative conversion rates and BMI , as well as the decrease in ESR
Background Vitamin D might be promising to serve as an adjunctive therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB ) .
However , the results remained controversial .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in patients with pulmonary TB .