Pooled analyses show that although fructose may increase total cholesterol , uric acid , and postpr and ial triglycerides in isocaloric replacement for glucose , it does not appear to be any worse than glucose in its effects on other aspects of the lipid profile , insulin , or markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .
It may also have important advantages over glucose for body weight , glycemic control , and blood pressure .
SUMMARY Depending on the cardiometabolic endpoint in question , fructose has variable effects when replacing glucose .
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fructose is seen as uniquely contributing to the p and emics of obesity and its cardiometabolic complications .
Much of the evidence for this view derives from the unique biochemical , metabolic , and endocrine responses that differentiate fructose from glucose .
To underst and whether these proposed mechanisms result in clinical ly meaningful modification of cardiovascular risk in humans , we up date a series of systematic review s and meta-analyses of controlled feeding trials to assess the cardiometabolic effects of fructose in isocaloric replacement for glucose .
Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men
OBJECTIVE Adverse effects of hypercaloric , high-fructose diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in human subjects have been shown repeatedly . The implication s of fructose in amounts close to usual daily consumption , however , have not been well studied . This study assessed the effect of moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose compared with glucose on glucose and lipid metabolism . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine healthy , normal-weight male volunteers ( aged 21–25 years ) were studied in this double-blind , r and omized , cross-over trial . All subjects consumed four different sweetened beverages ( 600 mL/day ) for 3 weeks each : medium fructose ( MF ) at 40 g/day , and high fructose ( HF ) , high glucose ( HG ) , and high sucrose ( HS ) each at 80 g/day . Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with [6,6]-2H2 glucose labeling were used to measure endogenous glucose production . Lipid profile , glucose , and insulin were measured in fasting sample s. RESULTS Hepatic suppression of glucose production during the clamp was significantly lower after HF ( 59.4 ± 11.0 % ) than HG ( 70.3 ± 10.5 % , P < 0.05 ) , whereas fasting glucose , insulin , and C-peptide did not differ between the interventions . Compared with HG , LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly higher after MF , HF , and HS , and free fatty acids were significantly increased after MF , but not after the two other interventions ( P < 0.05 ) . Subjects ’ energy intake during the interventions did not differ significantly from baseline intake . CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose significantly alter hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism compared with similar amounts of glucose
Pooled analyses show that although fructose may increase total cholesterol , uric acid , and postpr and ial triglycerides in isocaloric replacement for glucose , it does not appear to be any worse than glucose in its effects on other aspects of the lipid profile , insulin , or markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .
It may also have important advantages over glucose for body weight , glycemic control , and blood pressure .
SUMMARY Depending on the cardiometabolic endpoint in question , fructose has variable effects when replacing glucose .
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fructose is seen as uniquely contributing to the p and emics of obesity and its cardiometabolic complications .
Much of the evidence for this view derives from the unique biochemical , metabolic , and endocrine responses that differentiate fructose from glucose .
To underst and whether these proposed mechanisms result in clinical ly meaningful modification of cardiovascular risk in humans , we up date a series of systematic review s and meta-analyses of controlled feeding trials to assess the cardiometabolic effects of fructose in isocaloric replacement for glucose .