However , for the ultra-mild All-Bond Universal adhesive , the etch- and -rinse strategy was significantly different than the self-etch mode in terms of dentin micro-tensile bond strength , as well as in the global analysis of enamel micro-tensile and micro-shear bond strength ( p≤0.05 ) .
The enamel bond strength of universal adhesives is improved with prior phosphoric acid etching .
However , this effect was not evident for dentin with the use of mild universal adhesives with the etch- and -rinse strategy .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Selective enamel etching prior to the application of a mild universal adhesive is an advisable strategy for optimizing bonding
OBJECTIVES A systematic review was conducted to determine whether the etch- and -rinse or self-etching mode is the best protocol for dentin and enamel adhesion by universal adhesives .
Phosphoric acid-etching promotes bond strength and formation of acid-base resistant zone on enamel.
This study examined the effect of phosphoric acid ( PA ) etching on the bond strength and acid-base resistant zone ( ABRZ ) formation of a two-step self-etching adhesive ( SEA ) system to enamel . An etch- and -rinse adhesive ( EAR ) system Single Bond ( SB ) and a two-step SEA system Clearfil SE Bond ( SE ) were used . Human teeth were r and omly divided into four groups according to different adhesive treatments : 1 ) SB ; 2 ) SE ; 3 ) 35 % PA etching→SE primer→SE adhesive ( PA/SEp+a ) ; ( 4 ) 35 % PA etching→SE adhesive ( PA/SEa )  . Microshear bond strength to enamel was measured and then statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey honestly significant difference test . The failure mode was recorded and analyzed by χ ( 2 ) test . The etching pattern of the enamel surface was observed with scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) . The bonded interface was exposed to a demineralizing solution ( pH=4.5 ) for 4.5 hours and then 5 % sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonication for 30 minutes . After argon-ion etching , the interfacial ultrastructure was observed using SEM . The microshear bond strength to enamel of the SE group was significantly lower ( p<0.05 ) than that of the three PA-etched groups , although the latter three were not significantly different from one another . The ABRZ was detected in all the groups . In morphological observation , the ABRZ in the three PA-etched groups were obviously thicker compared with the SE group with an irregular wave-shaped edge
However , for the ultra-mild All-Bond Universal adhesive , the etch- and -rinse strategy was significantly different than the self-etch mode in terms of dentin micro-tensile bond strength , as well as in the global analysis of enamel micro-tensile and micro-shear bond strength ( p≤0.05 ) .
The enamel bond strength of universal adhesives is improved with prior phosphoric acid etching .
However , this effect was not evident for dentin with the use of mild universal adhesives with the etch- and -rinse strategy .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Selective enamel etching prior to the application of a mild universal adhesive is an advisable strategy for optimizing bonding
OBJECTIVES A systematic review was conducted to determine whether the etch- and -rinse or self-etching mode is the best protocol for dentin and enamel adhesion by universal adhesives .