Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .
Back School programme for nurses has reduced low back pain levels: A randomised controlled trial
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ( i ) To examine patient lifting techniques used by nurses , and ( ii ) to evaluate an effectiveness of the Spine Care for Nurses programme in chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome reduction and the execution of proper patient lifting techniques . BACKGROUND Millions of nurses around the world suffer from occupational-related chronic nonspecific low back pain ( chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome ) . Generally , low back pain in nurses is a result of increased pressure on the spine and can be associated with improperly conducted patient lifting techniques . METHODS A r and omised controlled trial was conducted among 137 nurses with chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome . Participants were r and omised into an experimental and control group ( experimental group n = 67 , control group n = 70 ) . Nurses in the experimental group attended the Spine Care for Nurses programme for 3 months . The programme consisted of didactic education , spine-strengthening exercises and education on safe patient h and ling techniques . The control group only received a brief written lifestyle guidance . The Zebris WinSpine Triple Lumbar examination was used to analyse nurses ' patient lifting techniques ( horizontal and vertical lifting ) . The lumbar pain intensity was measured with a 0 - 100 visual analogue scale . RESULTS The pre-intervention average chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome intensity score on visual analogue scale decreased from 49.3 to the postintervention score of 7.5 . The correct execution of vertical lifting techniques in the experimental group increased from 8.91%-97.01 % ( control group : 8.57 % pre-intervention test and postintervention test 11.42 % ) . The  horizontal patient lifting technique pre-intervention increased from 10.44%-100 % correct execution in the experimental group ( control group : pre-intervention test 10.00 % and postintervention test 11.42 % ) . CONCLUSION The Spine Care for Nurses programme significantly reduced chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome and increased the number of properly executed horizontal and vertical patient lifting techniques in nurses . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE We recommend that healthcare organisations should consider the implementation of regular Spine Care for Nurses programmes as successful low back injury prevention programmes
Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .