In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Dietary factors and breast‐cancer risk in Denmark
The influence of dietary factors , in particular the intake of fat and beta‐carotene , on  breast‐cancer  risk was evaluated in a case‐control study including 1,486 breast cancer cases diagnosed over a 1 year period in Denmark . The control group was an age‐stratified r and om sample of 1,336 women from the general population . Data on usual diet prior to the breast cancer diagnosis were collected by self‐administered question naires of the semi‐quantitative food frequency type . A highly significant trend ( p < 0.001 ) of increasing risk was observed with increasing fat intake , the RR for the highest quartile being 1.45 ( 95 % Cl 1.17‐1.80 ) compared with the lowest . However , information was not available to allow adjustment for the possible confounding effect of energy intake . The risk of breast cancer was not associated with consumption of vegetables rich in beta‐carotene , multi‐vitamin tablets or other dietary supplements , coffee , tea , sugar or artificial sweeteners
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .