Our primary conclusion is that there is a lack of compelling evidence that incentives of any form represent a compelling NCD reduction strategy .
The rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases ( NCDs ) poses substantial health and economic challenges to both individuals and society .
Application of incentive-based strategies based on traditional and behavioural economic theory has emerged as a potential strategy to address rising rates of NCDs .
Yet , whether or not incentives truly represent a promising strategy for addressing NCDs has not been systematic ally addressed nor is it clear whether certain behavioural economic strategies outperform others or simply offering a cash-based incentive for meeting a goal .
In this systematic review we aim to determine whether there is an evidence base for any of these strategies .
Prize contingency management for smoking cessation: a randomized trial.
BACKGROUND Adjunctive behavioral smoking cessation treatments have the potential to improve outcomes beyond st and ard care . The present study had two aims : ( 1 ) compare st and ard care ( SC ) for smoking ( four weeks of brief counseling and monitoring ) to SC plus prize-based contingency management ( CM ) , involving the chance to earn prizes on days with demonstrated smoking abstinence ( carbon monoxide ( CO ) ≤6 ppm ) ; and ( 2 ) compare the relative efficacy of two prize reinforcement schedules-one a traditional CM schedule , and the second an early enhanced CM schedule providing greater reinforcement magnitude in the initial week of treatment but equal overall reinforcement . METHODS Participants ( N=81 nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers ) were r and omly assigned to one of the three conditions . RESULTS Prize CM result ed in significant reductions in cigarette smoking relative to SC . These reductions were not apparent at follow-up . We found no meaningful differences between the traditional and enhanced CM conditions . CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that prize CM leads to significant reductions in smoking during treatment relative to a control intervention , but the benefits did not extend long-term
Our primary conclusion is that there is a lack of compelling evidence that incentives of any form represent a compelling NCD reduction strategy .
The rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases ( NCDs ) poses substantial health and economic challenges to both individuals and society .
Application of incentive-based strategies based on traditional and behavioural economic theory has emerged as a potential strategy to address rising rates of NCDs .
Yet , whether or not incentives truly represent a promising strategy for addressing NCDs has not been systematic ally addressed nor is it clear whether certain behavioural economic strategies outperform others or simply offering a cash-based incentive for meeting a goal .
In this systematic review we aim to determine whether there is an evidence base for any of these strategies .