The efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine ER Vs .
A recent meta- analysis evaluating tolterodine in comparison with other antimuscarinic drugs demonstrated that tolterodine ER was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing micturition/24 h , urinary leakage episodes/24 h , urgency episodes/24 h , and urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. With regard to adverse events , tolterodine ER was associated with a good adverse event profile result ing in the third most favorable antimuscarinic .
Conclusion Tolterodine ER result ed effective in reducing frequency urgency and nocturia and urinary leakage in male patients with OAB/storage LUTS .
Dry mouth and constipation are the most frequently reported adverse events
Background Overactive bladder (OAB)/ storage lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) have a high prevalence affecting up to 90 % of men over 80 years .
The role of sufficient therapies appears crucial .
In the present review , we analyzed the mechanism of action of tolterodine extended-release ( ER ) with the aim to clarify its efficacy and safety profile , as compared to other active treatments of OAB/storage LUTS .
Antimuscarinic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for OAB / storage LUTS ; several studies have demonstrated that tolterodine ER is an effective and well tolerated formulation of this class of treatment .
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolterodine in man: a new drug for the treatment of urinary bladder overactivity.
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , and safety of tolterodine following single oral and intravenous doses in healthy volunteers . A secondary aim was to identify major urinary metabolites and determine mass balance . Single oral doses of 0.2 , 0.4 , 0.8 , 1.6 , 3.2 , 6.4 , and 12.8 mg of tolterodine ( as the tartrate salt ) were given to 17 healthy male volunteers . Two intravenous doses ( 0.64 and 1.28 mg ) were administered to 8 of the volunteers and mass balance was studied after a single oral dose of 5 mg (14C)-tolterodine in 6 subjects . Tolterodine was rapidly absorbed following oral administration ( time to peak serum concentration 0.9 + /- 0.4 h ) . The absolute bioavailability was highly variable , ranging from 10 to 70 % . The volume of distribution at steady-state ranged from 0.9 to 1.6 l/kg and systemic clearance ranged from 0.23 to 0.52 l/h/kg , which result ed in a terminal half-life of 2 - 3 h. Tolterodine exhibited high first-pass metabolism and 2 hepatic metabolic pathways were identified : oxidation and dealkylation . Independent of route of administration , < 1 % of the parent compound was excreted unchanged in urine . Five metabolites were structurally identified in urine . Following oral administration of (14C)-tolterodine , the excretion of radioactivity into urine and feces was 77 + /- 4.0 % and 17 + /- 3.5 % , respectively . Tolterodine decreased stimulated salivation after 3.2 mg , increased heart rate after 6.4 mg , and nearpoint of vision after 12.8 mg . Six of 8 subjects reported micturition difficulties after a dose of 12.8 mg . The lack of a direct relationship between tolterodine  serum concentrations and effects on stimulated salivation suggested the presence of pharmacologically active metabolite(s )
The efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine ER Vs .
A recent meta- analysis evaluating tolterodine in comparison with other antimuscarinic drugs demonstrated that tolterodine ER was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing micturition/24 h , urinary leakage episodes/24 h , urgency episodes/24 h , and urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. With regard to adverse events , tolterodine ER was associated with a good adverse event profile result ing in the third most favorable antimuscarinic .
Conclusion Tolterodine ER result ed effective in reducing frequency urgency and nocturia and urinary leakage in male patients with OAB/storage LUTS .
Dry mouth and constipation are the most frequently reported adverse events
Background Overactive bladder (OAB)/ storage lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) have a high prevalence affecting up to 90 % of men over 80 years .
The role of sufficient therapies appears crucial .
In the present review , we analyzed the mechanism of action of tolterodine extended-release ( ER ) with the aim to clarify its efficacy and safety profile , as compared to other active treatments of OAB/storage LUTS .
Antimuscarinic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for OAB / storage LUTS ; several studies have demonstrated that tolterodine ER is an effective and well tolerated formulation of this class of treatment .