We found no evidence to support a protective association between perinatal use of probiotics and doctor diagnosed asthma or childhood wheeze .
R and omised controlled trials to date have not yielded sufficient evidence to recommend probiotics for the primary prevention of these disorders .
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy or infancy with  childhood asthma and wheeze .
The acquisition of tolerance toward cow's milk through probiotic supplementation: a randomized, controlled trial.
BACKGROUND Cow 's milk allergy ( CMA ) is the most frequently diagnosed food allergy in infancy . In general , patients have a good prognosis because the majority acquire tolerance within the first years . Interventions have been proposed to accelerate tolerance and reduce morbidity . Probiotic supplementation could be effective through modulation of the immune system . OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether supplementation with a combination of probiotics ( Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 ) accelerates tolerance to cow 's milk ( CM ) in infants with CMA . METHODS We performed a double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial in 119 infants with CMA . Infants received CRL431 and Bb-12 supplemented to their st and ard treatment of extensively hydrolyzed formula for 12 months . Primary outcome was clinical tolerance to CM at 6 and 12 months of treatment . Furthermore , we analyzed T- and B-lymphocyte subsets ( CD3(+ ) , CD3(+)CD4(+ ) , CD3(+)CD8(+ ) , and CD20(+ ) ) in peripheral blood at r and omization and at 12 months with flow cytometry and examined the presence of viable probiotic strains in fecal sample s. RESULTS The cumulative percentage of tolerance to CM at 6 and 12 months was similar in both groups : 56 ( 77 % ) in the probiotics group versus 54 ( 81 % ) in the placebo group . Infants in the placebo group had higher percentages of CD3(+ ) and CD3(+)CD4(+ ) lymphocytes compared with those seen in probiotic-treated infants . Probiotic intake was confirmed because probiotics were isolated from feces more often in treated infants than in the placebo group . CONCLUSION Supplementation of CRL431 and Bb-12 to extensively hydrolyzed formula does not accelerate CM tolerance in infants with CMA
We found no evidence to support a protective association between perinatal use of probiotics and doctor diagnosed asthma or childhood wheeze .
R and omised controlled trials to date have not yielded sufficient evidence to recommend probiotics for the primary prevention of these disorders .
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy or infancy with  childhood asthma and wheeze .