Conclusion Our study demonstrates potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and GI Symptoms in ESRD patients .
Background / Objectives We performed this systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptoms in end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) patients .
The effect of probiotics on serum levels of cytokine and endotoxin in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) are elevated in dialysis patients and can predict cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality . Endotoxin is an important source and also another marker of inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease . The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral probiotics on serum levels of endotoxemia and cytokines in peritoneal dialysis ( PD ) patients . The decline of residual renal function , peritonitis episodes , and cardiovascular events were also recorded . From July 2011 to June 2012 , a r and omised , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in PD patients . The intervention group received one capsule of probiotics containing 10(9 ) cfu Bifobacterium bifidum A218 , 10(9 ) cfu Bifidobacterium catenulatum A302 , 10(9 ) cfu Bifidobacterium longum A101 , and 10(9 ) cfu Lactobacillus plantarum A87 daily for six months , while the placebo group received similar capsules containing maltodextrin for the same duration . Levels of serum TNF-α , interferon gamma , IL-5 , IL-6 , IL-10 , IL-17 , and endotoxin were measured before and six months after intervention . 39 patients completed the study ( 21 in the probiotics group and 18 in the placebo group ) . In patients receiving probiotics , levels of serum TNF-α , IL-5 , IL-6 , and endotoxin significantly decreased after six months of treatment , while levels of serum IL-10 significantly increased . In contrast , there were no significant changes in levels of serum cytokines and endotoxin in the placebo group after six months . In addition , the residual renal function was preserved in patients receiving probiotics . In conclusion , probiotics could significantly reduce the serum levels of endotoxin , pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α and IL-6 ) , IL-5 , increase the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine ( IL-10 ) , and preserve residual renal function in PD patients
Conclusion Our study demonstrates potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and GI Symptoms in ESRD patients .
Background / Objectives We performed this systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptoms in end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) patients .