Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .
Influence of different adhesive resin cements on the fracture strength of aluminum oxide ceramic posterior crowns.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The influence of different types of adhesive resin cements on the long-term prognosis of aluminum oxide ceramic posterior crowns is unclear . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of  aluminum oxide ceramic on maxillary posterior crowns cemented with different resin luting agents before and after cyclic thermomechanical loading . Material and methods Forty-eight maxillary first molars were prepared and restored with st and ardized aluminum oxide ceramic ( In-Ceram Alumina ) crowns .  The test specimens were r and omly divided into 3 groups ( n=16 ) . The crowns were luted with an acrylic resin cement ( Super-Bond C&B , control , Group SB ) and 2 composite luting agents ( Panavia F , Group PV ; and Rely X Unicem , Group RX ) . Half of the specimens were exposed to thermomechanical fatigue in a masticatory simulator . All specimens were tested for fracture strength ( N ) using quasistatic loading . The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the fracture strength ( alpha=.05 ) . RESULTS All specimens survived the exposure to the simulator . The following median fracture strength values were obtained without/with thermomechanical fatigue loading : Group SB , 2726 N/2673 N ; Group PV , 2520 N/2083 N ; and Group RX , 2036 N/2369 N. The fracture strength in Group PV after thermomechanical fatigue loading was significantly lower compared to the fracture strength in Group PV without artificial aging ( P = .016 ) , as well as significantly lower compared to Group SB with artificial aging ( P = .003 ) . CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study , all tested cements are capable of successfully luting aluminum oxide ceramic crowns . The fracture strength of Group PV after artificial aging was comparatively low
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .