An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
The effect of nano-structured alumina coating on resin-bond strength to zirconia ceramics.
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to functionalize the surface of yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramics ( Y-TZP ) with a nano-structured alumina coating to improve resin bonding . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 120 densely sintered disc-shaped specimens ( 15.5+/-0.03 mm in diameter and 2.6+/-0.03 mm thick ) were produced from biomedical- grade TZ-3YB-E zirconia powder ( Tosoh , Tokyo , Japan ) , r and omly divided into three groups of 40 and subjected to the following surface treatments : AS - as-sintered ; APA - airborne-particle abraded ; POL - polished . Half of the discs in each group received an alumina coating that was fabricated by exploiting the hydrolysis of aluminium nitride ( AlN ) powder ( groups AS-C , APA-C , POL-C ) . The coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) , atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) , and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) . The shear-bond strength of the self-etching composite resin ( RelyX Unicem , 3 M ESPE , USA ) was then studied for the coated and uncoated surfaces of the as-sintered , polished and airborne-particle abraded specimens before and after thermocycling ( TC ) . RESULTS The SEM/TEM analyses revealed that the application of an alumina coating to Y-TZP ceramics created a highly retentive surface for resin penetration . The coating showed good surface coverage and a uniform thickness of 240 nm . The resin-bond strength to the groups AS-C , APA-C , POL-C was significantly higher than to the groups AS , APA and POL , both before and after TC ( p < or = 0.05 ) . During TC all the specimens in the POL and AS groups debonded spontaneously . In contrast , the TC did not affect the bond strength of the AS-C , POL-C and APA-C groups . SIGNIFICANCE A non-invasive method has been developed that significantly improves resin-bond strength to Y-TZP ceramics . After surface functionalization the bond survives thermocycling without reduction in strength . The method is relatively simple and has the potential to become an effective conditioning method for zirconia ceramics
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .