AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Risk factors for surgical site infections after pediatric cardiovascular surgery
Background . Although risk factors for surgical site infection ( SSI ) after cardiovascular ( CV ) surgery have been well-documented among adults , few studies have been conducted in children . We performed a case-control study to identify risk factors for hospitalized SSI in children undergoing CV surgery .  Methods . National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System criteria were used prospect ively to identify cases of hospitalized SSI in patients who underwent CV surgery . Seventy-nine patients who underwent CV surgery without hospitalized SSI were r and omly selected as controls . Cases were compared with controls to determine preoperative , intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for hospitalized SSI . Multivariable logistic regression was performed . Results . An SSI developed in 19 of the 826 patients who underwent CV surgery  ( 2.3 cases per 100 surgeries ) during the study period . Infection was limited to soft tissue in 12 , whereas deeper infection occurred in 7 . Causative agents included Staphylococcus aureus ( 11 ) , coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ( 5 ) and Escherichia coli ( 2 ) . One patient did not have a pathogen isolated . In a multivariable analysis , duration of surgery ( odds ratio , 1.4 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.2 to 1.8 ) and age < 1 month ( odds ratio , 14 ; 95 % confidence interval , 3.3 to 58.4 ) were independently associated with SSI . Conclusions . Age < 1 month and longer duration of surgery were independently associated with hospitalized SSI after CV surgery in children
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .