Of the functional tests , squatting demonstrated the highest sensitivity .
Other useful tests include pain during stair climbing and prolonged sitting .
Conclusion A diagnostic checklist is useful as it provides a structured method for diagnosing AKP in a clinical setting .
Background  Anterior knee pain ( AKP ) or patellofemoral pain syndrome is common and may limit an individual 's ability to perform common activities of daily living such as stair climbing and prolonged sitting .
The diagnosis is difficult as there are multiple definitions for this disorder and there are no accepted criteria for diagnosis .
It is therefore most commonly a diagnosis that is made once other pathologies have been excluded .
Objectives The aim of this study was to create an evidence -based checklist for research ers and clinicians to use for the diagnosis of AKP .
Diagnostic value of five clinical tests in patellofemoral pain syndrome.
The current study is aim ed at examining the validity of five clinical patellofemoral tests used in the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) . Forty-five knee patients were divided into either the PFPS or the non-PFPS group , based on the fulfilment of the diagnostic criteria for PFPS . An investigator , blinded to the group assignment , performed the vastus medialis coordination test , patellar apprehension test , Waldron 's test , Clarke 's test , and the eccentric step test . The positive likelihood ratio was 2.26 for both the vastus medialis coordination test and the patellar apprehension test . For the eccentric step test , the positive likelihood ratio was 2.34 . A positive outcome on either the  vastus medialis coordination test , the patellar apprehension test , or the eccentric step test increases the probability of PFPS to a small , but sometimes important , degree . For the remaining tests , the positive likelihood ratios were below the threshold value of 2 , indicating that given a positive test result , the probability that the patient has PFPS is altered to a small , and rarely important degree . The negative likelihood ratios for all tests exceeded the threshold value of 0.5 , suggestive of clinical ly irrelevant information . These data question the validity of clinical tests for the diagnosis of PFPS
Of the functional tests , squatting demonstrated the highest sensitivity .
Other useful tests include pain during stair climbing and prolonged sitting .
Conclusion A diagnostic checklist is useful as it provides a structured method for diagnosing AKP in a clinical setting .
Background  Anterior knee pain ( AKP ) or patellofemoral pain syndrome is common and may limit an individual 's ability to perform common activities of daily living such as stair climbing and prolonged sitting .
The diagnosis is difficult as there are multiple definitions for this disorder and there are no accepted criteria for diagnosis .
It is therefore most commonly a diagnosis that is made once other pathologies have been excluded .
Objectives The aim of this study was to create an evidence -based checklist for research ers and clinicians to use for the diagnosis of AKP .