Under the conditions of these in vitro leakage studies , it is concluded that smear layer removal improves the fluid-tight seal of the root canal system whereas other factors such as the obturation technique or the sealer , did not produce significant effects
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether smear layer removal reduces leakage of obturated human teeth in vitro .
Assessment of morphological changes and permeability of apical dentin surfaces induced by Nd:Yag laser irradiation through retrograde cavity surfaces.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to observe the morphological changes and apical dye penetration at apical dentin surfaces induced by Nd : YAG laser irradiation at different power setting s with and without a laser initiator . Seventy five single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth were used . Following the establishment of the working lengths , the root canals were enlarged with step-back technique . The apex of each root was resected 3 mm perpendicular to its long axis . St and ard Class I cavities of 2 mm depth and 2 mm width were prepared . The teeth were r and omly divided into five groups with fifteen teeth in each . In Group 1 , the retro grade cavity preparations were lased with Nd : YAG laser at 2 W and those in Group 2 preparations were lased with Nd : YAG laser at 3.2 W. In Group 3 , the retro grade cavity surfaces were lased with Nd : YAG laser at 2 W following the application of India ink . Group 4 was lased with the same setting s of Group 2 after an absorbent cotton point soaked with India ink was inserted into the cut dentinal surfaces and the inner walls of the apical preparations . Group 5 served as control . Five teeth from each group were examined using scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) . The amounts of smear layer , debris , and recrystalized dentin present were assessed and scored . Retro grade cavities of ten teeth from each group were filled with amalgam to examine apical dye penetration . The teeth were immersed in 2 % basic fuscin and kept for 48 hours . Dye penetration was evaluated by stereomicroscope at a magnification of X10 . The results showed the usage of India ink with Nd : YAG laser enhanced the amount of melting and recrystalization of dentin and the radiation and initiator increased the leakage
Under the conditions of these in vitro leakage studies , it is concluded that smear layer removal improves the fluid-tight seal of the root canal system whereas other factors such as the obturation technique or the sealer , did not produce significant effects
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether smear layer removal reduces leakage of obturated human teeth in vitro .