The following factors were found to have consistent , but limited , support as regards their influence on the risk for sick leave due to back and neck disorders : ( a ) heavy physical workload , bent or twisted working position , and low work satisfaction increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( b ) specific back diagnoses and previous sick leave due to back disorders increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( c ) female gender , smoking , exposure to vibration , and deficient social support were not found to significantly increase the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( d ) self-reported pain and functional impairments were associated with a high risk for long-term sick leave ; ( e ) longer employment periods reduced the risk for short-term sick leave ; ( f ) perceived dem and s at work did not influence short-term sick leave ; ( g ) female gender and higher age increases the risk for disability pension
Clinical findings in a population with back pain Relation to one-year outcome and long-term sick leave
Objective - To investigate whether physical examination findings can be used in predicting recovery from back pain and new episodes of sick leave . Design - One-year prospect i ve study of a single cohort . Setting s - Semi-rural Swedish county . Population - A cross-section of a general population with back pain ( 207 women , 176 men ) between 20 and 59 years of age . Main outcome measures - Cumulative incidence of sick leave due to back pain , cumulative incidence of sick leave due to back pain > 30 days , incidence of recovery from back pain . Results - For recovery from pain , the absence of tenderness in the trapezius muscle ( OR 0.33 ; CI 0.1 - 0.5 ) was predictive . New sick leave was predicted by tenderness in the trapezius muscle ( OR 2.67 ; CI 1.5?4.9 ) , and had a tendency to be associated with a flattened lumbar lordosis and a restricted cervical range of motion . For long-term sick leave , the same findings and also observation of scoliosis ( OR 3.44 ; CI 1.1?10.5 ) were predictive . Conclusion ? There are subgroups with back pain predisposed to development of more persistent symptoms and a higher risk for sick-listing
The following factors were found to have consistent , but limited , support as regards their influence on the risk for sick leave due to back and neck disorders : ( a ) heavy physical workload , bent or twisted working position , and low work satisfaction increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( b ) specific back diagnoses and previous sick leave due to back disorders increases the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( c ) female gender , smoking , exposure to vibration , and deficient social support were not found to significantly increase the risk for short-term and long-term sick leave ; ( d ) self-reported pain and functional impairments were associated with a high risk for long-term sick leave ; ( e ) longer employment periods reduced the risk for short-term sick leave ; ( f ) perceived dem and s at work did not influence short-term sick leave ; ( g ) female gender and higher age increases the risk for disability pension