This dietary pattern did not significantly affect 2-h post-pr and ial blood glucose and Matsuda index .
Conclusions Adherence to the ND might improve serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels ; however , this effect was not confirmed for other markers of blood glucose control .
Aims Investigations on the possible effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on the glycemic control and the risk of diabetes have led to inconsistent results .
The present study tried to determine the effect of the ND on the markers of blood glucose control using a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) .
Normotensive Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Are at High Risk for Macrovascular Disease A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.
OBJECTIVE —The excess risk of macrovascular disease and death associated with diabetes seems higher in women than in men . The pathogenesis for this risk difference has not been fully eluci date d. We investigated whether female sex was associated with macrovascular disease and death , independently of known risk factors related to type 2 diabetes , nephropathy , or retinopathy in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We conducted a prospect i ve , prolonged follow-up study of a subgroup of 67 diabetic patients ( 46 men and 21 women ) without established cardiovascular disease who participated in a larger clinical trial . Data were collected on current and past health , medication use , blood pressure , renal function , and HbA1c  during the follow-up period of 4.7 ± 0.8 ( means ± SE ) years . The end point was a composite of death , cardiovascular disease , cerebrovascular events , and peripheral artery disease . RESULTS —Of the women , eight ( 38.1 % ) met the end point compared with six ( 13.4 % ) of the men ( P = 0.02 for difference in event-free survival ) . The hazard ratio of women relative to men was 3.19 ( 95 % CI 1.11–9.21 ) , which further increased after adjusting for age , systolic blood pressure , BMI , smoking , total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio , urinary albumin excretion , and retinopathy . CONCLUSIONS —In our study population of normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria , female sex was associated with increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease , independent of the classical cardiovascular risk factors , the severity of nephropathy or presence of retinopathy , or health care utilization
This dietary pattern did not significantly affect 2-h post-pr and ial blood glucose and Matsuda index .
Conclusions Adherence to the ND might improve serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels ; however , this effect was not confirmed for other markers of blood glucose control .
Aims Investigations on the possible effect of the Nordic diet ( ND ) on the glycemic control and the risk of diabetes have led to inconsistent results .
The present study tried to determine the effect of the ND on the markers of blood glucose control using a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) .