HighlightsA broad range of domains of neuropsychological performance are significantly impaired in studies which have compared  methadone population s with the healthy controls .
However low power , poor quality and heterogenous population s limit the interpretation of these results .Short term ( less than 1 year ) abstinent groups , when compared with methadone groups , still exhibited cognitive impairments but results are inconclusive .
It is still not clear what the role of global sedative effects of opioids such as methadone have on cognitive impairment .
Only higher quality longitudinal studies using ecologically valid cognitive tests , in well‐defined population groups can address this question .Methadone population s present with a broad range of neuropsychological impairment when compared with healthy controls .
Results : Data from a total cohort of 1063 CM , 412 AP and 879 HP participants , from 23 independent studies  indicate global impairments in neurocognitive function in CM relative to HP participants .
Conclusion : Method ological issues such as small sample sizes , heterogeneity and poor quality limited the interpretation of the results and does not address whether the observed impairments reflect co‐morbid functioning , methadone‐related sedation and /or other factors .
Introduction : There is a presumption that neurocognition is commonly impaired in chronic methadone exposed individuals ( CM ) when compared with healthy controls ( HP ) .
Additionally , it remains unclear if short term ( < 1 year ) abstinence ( AP ) is associated with an altered cognitive profile when compared with CM .
Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence.
Longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,978 Black and White adolescents were used to examine the role of personality in multiple risk or problem behaviors . Results indicate that covariation among diverse behaviors ( educational underachievement , delinquent behavior , substance use , sexual behavior ) can be adequately modeled by a single higher order factor , and that impulsivity and avoidance coping serve as generalized risk factors for involvement in these behaviors . Whereas none of the personality variables examined explained change in problem behaviors once established , avoidance coping prospect ively predicted involvement among a subgroup of adolescents with little or no prior involvement . Results suggest that dysfunctional styles of regulating emotions and emotionally driven behaviors are core features of risky or problem behaviors during adolescence
HighlightsA broad range of domains of neuropsychological performance are significantly impaired in studies which have compared  methadone population s with the healthy controls .
However low power , poor quality and heterogenous population s limit the interpretation of these results .Short term ( less than 1 year ) abstinent groups , when compared with methadone groups , still exhibited cognitive impairments but results are inconclusive .
It is still not clear what the role of global sedative effects of opioids such as methadone have on cognitive impairment .
Only higher quality longitudinal studies using ecologically valid cognitive tests , in well‐defined population groups can address this question .Methadone population s present with a broad range of neuropsychological impairment when compared with healthy controls .
Results : Data from a total cohort of 1063 CM , 412 AP and 879 HP participants , from 23 independent studies  indicate global impairments in neurocognitive function in CM relative to HP participants .
Conclusion : Method ological issues such as small sample sizes , heterogeneity and poor quality limited the interpretation of the results and does not address whether the observed impairments reflect co‐morbid functioning , methadone‐related sedation and /or other factors .
Introduction : There is a presumption that neurocognition is commonly impaired in chronic methadone exposed individuals ( CM ) when compared with healthy controls ( HP ) .
Additionally , it remains unclear if short term ( < 1 year ) abstinence ( AP ) is associated with an altered cognitive profile when compared with CM .