Conclusions The current evidence is not sufficiently strong to verify a preventive role of probiotics in AR , but probiotics may improve the overall quality of life and nasal symptom scores .
Background Allergic rhinitis ( AR ) is a disease of respiratory allergy , and probiotics can provide a potential strategy for its management .
The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review to investigate the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AR .
Specific probiotics alleviate allergic rhinitis during the birch pollen season.
AIM To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these . METHODS Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were r and omized to receive either a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus ( L. acidophilus ) NCFM ( ATCC 700396 ) and Bifidobacterium lactis ( B. lactis ) Bl-04 ( ATCC SD5219 ) or placebo in a double-blind manner for 4 mo , starting prior to onset of the birch pollen season . Symptoms were recorded in a diary . Blood sample s were taken for analysis of cytokines and eosinophils . Fecal sample s were analysed for microbiota components , calprotectin and IgA. Nasal swabs were taken for analysis of eosinophils . RESULTS The pollen season induced a reduction in Bifidobacterium , Clostridium and Bacteroides which could not be prevented by the probiotic intervention . During the intervention , significantly higher numbers of B. lactis 11.2 x 10(7 ) + /- 4.2 x 10(7 ) vs 0.1 x 10(7 ) + /- 0.1 x 10(7 ) bacteria/g feces ( P < 0.0001 ) and L. acidophilus NCFM 3.5 x 10(6 ) + /- 1.3 x 10(6 ) vs 0.2 x 10(6 ) + /- 0.1 x 10(6 ) bacteria/g feces ( P < 0.0001 ) were observed in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group . During May , there was a tendency for fewer subjects , ( 76.2 % vs 95.2 % , P = 0.078 ) to report runny nose , while during June , fewer subjects , 11.1 % vs 33.3 % , reported nasal blocking in the probiotics group ( P = 0.101 ) . Concomitantly , fewer subjects in the probiotic group had infiltration of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa compared to the placebo group , 57.1 % vs 95 % ( P = 0.013 ) . Eye symptoms tended to be slightly more frequent in the probiotic group , 12.5 d [ interquartile range ( IQR ) 6 - 18 ] vs 7.5 d ( IQR 0 - 11.5 ) ( P = 0.066 ) during May. Fecal IgA was increased in the placebo group during the pollen season ; this increase was prevented by the probiotics ( P = 0.028 ) . CONCLUSION Birch pollen allergy was shown to be associated with changes in fecal microbiota composition . The specific combination of probiotics used was shown to prevent the pollen-induced infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa , and indicated a trend for reduced nasal symptoms
Conclusions The current evidence is not sufficiently strong to verify a preventive role of probiotics in AR , but probiotics may improve the overall quality of life and nasal symptom scores .
Background Allergic rhinitis ( AR ) is a disease of respiratory allergy , and probiotics can provide a potential strategy for its management .
The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review to investigate the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AR .