In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Dairy Intake Is Protective against Bone Loss in Older Vitamin D Supplement Users: The Framingham Study.
Background : Previous studies showed beneficial effects of specific dairy foods on bone health in middle-aged adults . Objective : We examined the association of milk , yogurt , cheese , cream , fluid dairy ( milk + yogurt ) , and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes with bone mineral density ( BMD ) and 4-y percentage of change in BMD [ ▵ % BMD ; femoral neck , trochanter , and lumbar spine ( LS ) ] . We further assessed whether these associations were modified by vitamin D supplement use in this cohort of older adults . Methods : Food-frequency question naire responses , baseline BMD ( hip and spine , n = 862 in 1988 - 1989 ) , and follow-up BMD ( n = 628 in 1992 - 1993 ) were measured in the Framingham study , a prospect i ve cohort study of older Caucasian men and women aged 67 - 93 y. Outcomes included baseline BMD and ▵ % BMD . Dairy-food intakes ( servings per week ) were converted to energy-adjusted residuals , and linear regression was used , adjusting for covariates . These associations were further examined by vitamin D supplement use . Results : The mean age of the participants was 75 y. In the full sample , dairy-food items were not associated with BMD ( P = 0.11 - 0.99 ) or with ▵ % BMD ( P = 0.29 - 0.96 ) . Among vitamin D supplement users , but not among nonusers , higher milk , fluid dairy , and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes were associated with higher LS BMD ( P = 0.011 - 0.009 ) . Among vitamin D supplement users , but not among nonusers , higher milk + yogurt + cheese intakes were protective against trochanter BMD loss ( P = 0.009 ) . Conclusions : In this population of older adults , higher intakes of milk , fluid dairy , and milk + yogurt + cheese were associated with higher LS BMD , and a higher intake of milk + yogurt + cheese was protective against trochanter BMD loss among vitamin D supplement users but not among nonusers . These findings underscore that the benefits of dairy intake on the skeleton may be dependent on vitamin D intake
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .