All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Topical adrenaline and cocaine gel for anaesthetising children’s lacerations. An audit of acceptability and safety
Objectives : ( 1 ) To assess the acceptability of a gel solution of adrenaline ( epinephrine ) ( 1 in 2000 ) and cocaine ( 5 % ) for anaesthetising children ’s facial lacerations to the child , parent , and operator . ( 2 ) To assess the safety of the current protocol . Setting : The emergency unit of a large university hospital . Methods : All patients who were treated with topical adrenaline and cocaine ( topAC ) gel over a six month period were entered into a prospect i ve audit ( n = 75 ) . Patient details , the nature and cause of the injury , and any treatment carried out were all recorded . The acceptability to children over 3 years of age , was assessed by the use of the Wong Baker face scale , in which 0 represents “ no hurt ” and 5 represents “ hurts worst ” . The acceptability to both the parent and the operator was assessed by the use of a 0 to 9 Likert scale , where 0 represented “ very acceptable ” and 9 represented “ not at all ” acceptable . Results : ( 1 ) Children aged 3 years or older grade d their pain during the procedure as having a mean value of 1.17 on the Wong Baker ( 0 to 5 ) scale . Parents grade d acceptability on the Likert scale ( 0 to 9 ) with a mean score of 1.13 . Operators using the same grading system , recorded a mean score of 1.75 . ( 2 ) No toxic side effects were seen but the protocol was up date d in line with evidence . Conclusions : Topical adrenaline and cocaine is an effective anaesthetic for suturing children ’s facial lacerations and is acceptable to child , parent , and operator alike
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .