Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .
New zirconia primer improves bond strength of resin-based cements.
OBJECTIVE Various chemical interactions can be used to develop ceramic-resin bonding and specific approaches are available for zirconia ceramics . This study evaluated the effect of a new experimental primer , a mixture of organophosphate and carboxylic acid monomers , on the  zirconia-to-resin shear bond strength ( SBS ) . METHODS Forty Y-TZP blocks ( 15x4x2 mm ) were embedded in an acrylic resin base , polished , Al(2)O(3)-s and blasted and r and omly divided into eight groups .  Three different resin-based luting agents ( BisCem , Duo-Link , Panavia F ) were used to build 2.4mm-diameter cylinders ( n=15 ) onto the zirconia surface with and without the new experimental zirconia primer . The new primer was also tested with Z100 restorative composite resin cylinders . In addition , Panavia was used with its own primer ( Clearfil Ceramic Primer ) . SBS testing was carried out after 24h of storage in water . Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) was used to evaluate the zirconia surface topography and failure mode . RESULTS According to ANOVA and Tukey test ( alpha=0.05 ) , the association of the experimental primer with the restorative composite resin Z100 yielded the highest SBS ( 29.35MPa ) followed by DuoLink with the new primer ( 26.68MPa ) . The groups that did not receive the experimental primer presented the lowest SBS values ( from 5.95 to 9.79MPa ) . The failure mode was adhesive for the non-primed specimens and predominantly mixed in the primed groups . SIGNIFICANCE The use of the new zirconia experimental primer based on organophosphate/carboxylic acid monomers increased the bond strength of different resin-based luting agents including Z100 restorative material
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .