We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .
Effect of Estrone Sulfate on Postmenopausal Bone Loss
Estrogen replacement therapy confers many beneficial effects to postmenopausal women , such as slowing the rate of bone loss and decreasing the risk of coronary artery disease . This multicenter , placebo-controlled study evaluated the lowest effective daily dose of estrone sulfate ( 0.3 , 0.625 , or 1.25 mg ) combined with 1000 mg elemental calcium supplementation for preventing bone loss in the immediate postmenopausal period . Spinal bone mineral density was measured using quantitative computed tomography . Compared with baseline , bone mineral density increased significantly ( P<.05 ) after 12 months of 0.625 mg daily ( + 1.9 % ) or 1.25 mg daily ( + 2.5 % ) . The difference between the 0.625-mg and 1.25-mg doses was not statistically significant . Estrone sulfate administration ( 0.625 and 1.25 mg ) produced significant changes in various lipid measurements at both the 6- and 12-month observation points . The prevalence rates for adverse events were comparable among the estrone sulfate groups and the placebo group . Estrone sulfate 0.625 mg daily , combined with 1000 mg elemental calcium supplementation , was the minimum effective dosage to prevent loss of spinal bone mineral density  in postmenopausal women over a 12-month period
We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .