For studies of a similar design and which assessed the same outcomes in similar population groups , we report the potential for the combining of data across studies in systematic review s. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review has revealed the extensive evidence base for many outcomes which could be the focus of systematic review s exploring the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption
BACKGROUND The health effects of conventional yogurt have been investigated for over a century ; however , few systematic review s have been conducted to assess the extent of the health benefits of yogurt .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to assess the volume of available evidence on the health effects of conventional yogurt .
Yogurt consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in the Italian European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
Fermented dairy products like yogurt have been suggested to protect against  colorectal cancer ( CRC )  . We conducted a prospect i ve study on 45,241 ( 14,178 men ; 31,063 women ) volunteers of the EPIC‐Italy cohort who completed a dietary question naire  including specific  questions on yogurt intake . During 12 years of follow‐up , 289 volunteers were diagnosed with CRC . Hazard ratios ( HRs ) for the disease and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models , stratified by dietary question naire and adjusted for energy intake and other potential confounders . Yogurt intake was inversely associated with CRC risk . For the energy‐adjusted model , HR for CRC in the highest versus lowest tertile of yogurt intake was 0.62 ( 95 % CI , 0.46–0.83 ) . In the full model adjusted for energy , simple sugar , calcium , fiber , animal fat , alcohol and red meat intake , as well as body mass index , smoking , education and physical activity , HR was 0.65 ( 95 % CI , 0.48–0.89 ) in the highest versus lowest tertile . The protective effect  of yogurt was evident in the entire cohort , but was stronger in men , although there was no interaction of sex with the yogurt – CRC association ( pinteraction 0.20 , fully adjusted model ) . In our prospect i ve study , high yogurt intake was significantly associated with decreased CRC risk , suggesting that yogurt should be part of a diet to prevent the disease . Investigation of larger cohorts is necessary to reveal any residual confounding of the association of yogurt intake with CRC risk
For studies of a similar design and which assessed the same outcomes in similar population groups , we report the potential for the combining of data across studies in systematic review s. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review has revealed the extensive evidence base for many outcomes which could be the focus of systematic review s exploring the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption
BACKGROUND The health effects of conventional yogurt have been investigated for over a century ; however , few systematic review s have been conducted to assess the extent of the health benefits of yogurt .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to assess the volume of available evidence on the health effects of conventional yogurt .