The present review demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation result ed in small but nonsignificant improvements in muscle strength compared to control in postmenopausal women .
No significant effect was observed in mobility after vitamin D administration
BACKGROUND The results obtained from previous trials regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility  in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent .
This systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) aim ed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility in postmenopausal women .
Long-term effects of functional impairment on fracture risk and mortality in postmenopausal women
Summary Our findings imply that simple functional tests can predict both hip fracture risk and excess mortality in postmenopausal women . Since the tests characterize general functional capacity ( one-legged stance , squatting down , and grip strength ) , these simple measures should have clinical utility in the assessment of women at risk of falls and fragility fracture . Introduction Functional impairment is associated with the risk of fall , which is the leading cause of hip fracture . We aim ed to determine how clinical assessment s of functional impairment predict long-term hip fracture and mortality . Methods A population -based prospect i ve cohort involved 2815 Caucasian women with the average baseline age of 59.1 years . The mean follow-up time in 1994–2014 was 18.3 years . Three functional tests and their combinations assessed at baseline were treated as dichotomous risk factors : ( 1 ) inability to squat down and touch the floor ( SQ ) , ( 2 ) inability to st and on one leg for 10 s ( SOL ) , and ( 3 ) having grip strength ( GS ) within the lowest quartile ( ≤ 58 kPa , mean 45.6 kPa ) . Bone mineral density ( BMD ) at the proximal femur was measured by DXA . Fractures and deaths were verified from registries . Hazard ratios were determined by using Cox proportional models . Age , body mass index ( BMI ) , and BMD were included as covariates for fracture risk estimates . Age , BMI , and smoking were used for mortality . Results Altogether , 650 ( 23.1 % ) women had 718 follow-up fractures , including 86 hip fractures . The mortality during the follow-up was 16.8 % ( n = 473 ) . Half of the women ( 56.8 % , n = 1600 ) had none of the impairments and were regarded as the referent group . Overall , women with any of the three impairments ( 43.2 % , n = 1215 ) had higher risks of any fracture , hip fracture , and death , with hazard ratios ( HR ) of 1.3 ( ( 95 % CI ) 1.0–1.5 , p < 0.01 ) , 2.4 ( 1.5–3.4 , p < 0.001 ) , and 1.5 ( 1.3–1.8 , p < 0.001 ) , respectively . The strongest single predictor for hip fracture was failing to achieve a one-leg st and for 10 s ( prevalence 7.1 % , n = 200 ) , followed by inability to squat down ( 27.0 % , n = 759 ) and weak grip strength ( 24.4 % , n = 688 ) , with their respective HRs of 4.3 ( 2.3–8.0 , p < 0.001 ) , 3.1 ( 2.0–5.0 , p < 0.001 ) , and 2.0 ( 1.2–3.4 , p < 0.001 ) . In addition , age , lower BMD , BMI , and smoking were significant covariates . Conclusions These findings suggest that functional tests provide long-term prediction of fracture and death in postmenopausal women . Whether reversal of these impairments is associated with a reduction in adverse outcomes is an area for future trials
The present review demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation result ed in small but nonsignificant improvements in muscle strength compared to control in postmenopausal women .
No significant effect was observed in mobility after vitamin D administration
BACKGROUND The results obtained from previous trials regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility  in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent .
This systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) aim ed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility in postmenopausal women .