Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .
Reliability of the visual analog scale in children with acute pain in the emergency department
Summary The repeatability coefficient of the 100‐mm visual analogue scale in children , a measure of test‐retest reliability , is 12 mm when pain did not change . Abstract In children , many psychometric properties of the  visual analogue scale ( VAS )  are known , including the minimum clinical ly significant difference ( 10 mm on a 100‐mm VAS ) . However , its imprecision or reliability is not well known . Thus , in order to determine the reliability of this scale , a prospect i ve cohort study was performed in patients aged 8–17 years presenting to a pediatric emergency department with acute pain . Pain was grade d 4 times using a paper VAS ( 0–100 mm ) : T0 , T3 , T6 , and T⩾36 minutes . After T6 , patients were asked if their pain had changed since T0 minute . The primary analysis was the repeatability coefficient of the VAS , determined according to the Bl and ‐Altman method for measuring agreement using repeated measures in patients reporting that their pain was the same for T0 , T3 , and T6 . In order to appropriately estimate the within‐subject SD , 96 patients were required if we obtained 3 measurements for each patient . A total of 151 patients with a mean age of 12.2 ± 2.5 years were enrolled . Among them , 100 mentioned that their pain was the same for T0 , T3 , and T6 minutes . The repeatability coefficient of the VAS for these children was 12 mm when the pain did not change . This implies that , for a child , all pain intensity measurements within 12 mm should be considered the same pain intensity on a paper VAS . This measure should also be evaluated on other types of VAS
Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .