Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
Derivation, validation, and evaluation of a new QRISK model to estimate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: cohort study using QResearch database
Objective To develop , vali date , and evaluate a new QRISK model to estimate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease . Design Prospect i ve cohort study with routinely collected data from general practice . Cox proportional hazards models in the derivation cohort to derive risk equations accounting for competing risks . Measures of calibration and discrimination in the validation cohort . Setting 563 general practice s in Engl and and Wales contributing to the Q Research data base . Subjects Patients aged 30–84 years who were free of cardiovascular disease and not taking statins between 1 January 1994 and 30 April 2010 : 2 343 759 in the derivation data set , and 1 267 159 in the validation data set . Main outcomes measures Individualised estimate of lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease accounting for smoking status , ethnic group , systolic blood pressure , ratio of total cholesterol : high density lipoprotein cholesterol , body mass index , family history of coronary heart disease in first degree relative aged < 60 years , Townsend deprivation score , treated hypertension , rheumatoid arthritis , chronic renal disease , type 2 diabetes , and atrial fibrillation . Age-sex centile values for lifetime cardiovascular risk compared with 10 year risk estimated using QRISK2 ( 2010 ) . Results Across all the 1 267 159 patients in the validation data set , the 50th , 75th , 90th , and 95th centile values for lifetime risk were 31 % , 39 % , 50 % , and 57 % respectively . Of the 10 % of patients in the validation cohort classified at highest risk with either the lifetime risk model or the 10 year risk model , only 18 385(14.5 % ) were at high risk on both measures . Patients identified as high risk with the lifetime risk approach were more likely to be younger , male , from ethnic minority groups , and have a positive family history of premature coronary heart disease than those identified with the 10 year QRISK2 score . The lifetime risk calculator is available at www.qrisk.org/lifetime/. Conclusions Compared with using a 10 year QRISK2 score , a lifetime risk score will tend to identify patients for intervention at a younger age . Although lifestyle interventions at an earlier age could be advantageous , there would be small gains under the age of 65 , and medical interventions carry risks as soon as they are initiated . Research is needed to examine closely the cost effectiveness and acceptability of such an approach
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .