Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
Weight lifting for women at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized trial.
CONTEXT Clinical guidelines for breast cancer survivors without lymphedema advise against upper body exercise , preventing them from obtaining established health benefits of weight lifting . OBJECTIVE To evaluate lymphedema onset after a 1-year weight lifting intervention vs no exercise ( control ) among survivors at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema ( BCRL ) . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A r and omized controlled equivalence trial ( Physical Activity and Lymphedema trial ) in the Philadelphia metropolitan area of 154 breast cancer survivors 1 to 5 years postunilateral breast cancer , with at least 2 lymph nodes removed and without clinical signs of BCRL at study entry . Participants were recruited between October 1 , 2005 , and February 2007 , with data collection ending in August 2008 . INTERVENTION Weight lifting intervention included a gym membership and 13 weeks of supervised instruction , with the remaining 9 months unsupervised , vs no exercise . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident BCRL determined by increased arm swelling during 12 months ( ≥5 % increase in interlimb difference ) . Clinician-defined BCRL onset was also evaluated . Equivalence margin was defined as doubling of lymphedema incidence . RESULTS A total of 134 participants completed follow-up measures at 1 year . The proportion of women who experienced incident BCRL onset was 11 % ( 8 of 72 ) in the weight lifting intervention group and 17 % ( 13 of 75 ) in the control group ( cumulative incidence difference [ CID ] , -6.0 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -17.2 % to 5.2 % ; P for equivalence = .04 ) . Among women with 5 or more lymph nodes removed , the proportion who experienced incident BCRL onset was 7 % ( 3 of 45 ) in the weight lifting intervention group and 22 % ( 11 of 49 ) in the control group ( CID , -15.0 % ; 95 % CI , -18.6 % to -11.4 % ; P for equivalence = .003 ) . Clinician-defined BCRL onset occurred in 1 woman in the weight lifting intervention group and 3 women in the control group ( 1.5 % vs 4.4 % , P for equivalence = .12 ) . CONCLUSION In breast cancer survivors at risk for lymphedema , a program of slowly progressive weight lifting compared with no exercise did not result in increased incidence of lymphedema . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00194363
Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?