Free fatty acid supplementation produced small but significant reductions in ADHD symptoms even with probably blinded assessment s , although the clinical significance of these effects remains to be determined .
Artificial food color exclusion produced larger effects but often in individuals selected for food sensitivities .
OBJECTIVE Nonpharmacological treatments are available for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , although their efficacy remains uncertain .
The authors undertook meta-analyses of the efficacy of dietary ( restricted elimination diets , artificial food color exclusions , and free fatty acid supplementation ) and psychological ( cognitive training , neurofeedback , and behavioral interventions ) ADHD treatments .
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of the Effects of Neurofeedback Training on the Neural Bases of Selective Attention and Response Inhibition in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Two functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) experiments were undertaken to measure the effect of neurofeedback training ( NFT ) , in AD/HD children , on the neural substrates of selective attention and response inhibition . Twenty unmedicated AD/HD children participated to these experiments . Fifteen children were r and omly assigned to the Experimental ( EXP ) group whereas the other five children were r and omly assigned to the Control ( CON ) group . Only subjects in the EXP group underwent NFT . EXP subjects were trained to enhance the amplitude of the SMR ( 12–15 Hz ) and beta 1 activity ( 15–18 Hz ) , and decrease the amplitude of theta activity ( 4–7 Hz ) . Subjects from both groups were scanned one week before the beginning of NFT ( Time 1 ) and 1 week after the end of NFT ( Time 2 ) , while they performed a “ Counting Stroop ” task ( Experiment 1 ) and a Go/No-Go task ( Experiment 2 ) . At Time 1 , in both groups , the  Counting Stroop task was associated with significant activation in the left superior parietal lobule . For the Go/No-Go task , no significant activity was detected in the EXP and CON groups . At Time 2 , in both groups , the  Counting Stroop task was associated with significant activation of the left superior parietal lobule . This time , however , there were significant loci of activation , in the EXP group , in the right ACC , left cau date nucleus , and left substantia nigra . No such activation loci were seen in CON subjects . For the Go/No-Go task , significant loci of activation were noted , in the EXP group , in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex , right ACcd , left thalamus , left cau date nucleus , and left substantia nigra . No significant activation of these brain regions was measured in CON subjects . These results suggest that NFT has the capacity to functionally normalize the brain systems mediating selective attention and response inhibition in AD/HD children
Free fatty acid supplementation produced small but significant reductions in ADHD symptoms even with probably blinded assessment s , although the clinical significance of these effects remains to be determined .
Artificial food color exclusion produced larger effects but often in individuals selected for food sensitivities .
OBJECTIVE Nonpharmacological treatments are available for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , although their efficacy remains uncertain .
The authors undertook meta-analyses of the efficacy of dietary ( restricted elimination diets , artificial food color exclusions , and free fatty acid supplementation ) and psychological ( cognitive training , neurofeedback , and behavioral interventions ) ADHD treatments .