Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Lifestyle intervention by group care prevents deterioration of Type II diabetes: a 4-year randomized controlled clinical trial
Abstract Aims /hypothesis . Metabolic control worsens progressively in Type II ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus despite intensified pharmacological treatment and lifestyle intervention , when these are implemented on a one-to-one basis . We compared traditional individual diabetes care with a model in which routine follow-up is managed by interactive group visits while individual consultations are reserved for emerging medical problems and yearly checks for complications . Methods . A r and omized controlled clinical trial of 56 patients with non-insulin-treated Type II diabetes managed by systemic group education and 56 control patients managed by individual consultations and education .  Results . Observation times were 51.2±2.1 months for group care and 51.2±1.8 for control subjects . Glycated haemoglobin increased in the control group but not in the group of patients ( p<0.001 ) , in whom BMI decreased ( p<0.001 ) and HDL-cholesterol increased ( p<0.001 ) . Quality of life , knowledge of diabetes and health behaviours improved with group care ( p<0.001 , all ) and worsened among the control patients ( p=0.004 to p<0.001 ) . Dosage of hypoglycaemic agents decreased ( p<0.001 ) and retinopathy progressed less ( p<0.009 ) among the group care patients than the control subjects . Diastolic blood pressure ( p<0.001 ) and relative cardiovascular risk ( p<0.05 ) decreased from baseline in group patients and control patients alike . Over the study period , group care required 196 min and 756.54 US $ per patient , compared with 150 min and 665.77 US $ for the control patients , result ing in an additional 2.12 US $ spent per point gained in the quality of life score . Conclusion /interpretation . Group care by systemic education is feasible in an ordinary diabetes clinic and cost-effective in preventing the deterioration of metabolic control and quality of life in Type II diabetes without increasing pharmacological treatment
Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .