However , in patients with IBD flares and inadequate responses to or side effects with oral preparations , intravenous iron supplementation is the therapy of choice .
Neither oral nor intravenous therapy seems to exacerbate the clinical course of IBD , and intravenous iron therapy can be administered even in active disease stages and concomitantly with biologics .
Based on the data presented , oral iron therapy should be preferred for patients with quiescent disease stages and trivial iron deficiency  anemia unless such patients are intolerant or have an inadequate response , whereas intravenous iron supplementation may be of advantage in patients with aggravated anemia or flares of IBD because inflammation hampers intestinal absorption of iron
Abstract Anemia is the most frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) , but anemia , mostly due to iron deficiency , has long been neglected in these patients .
The aim was to briefly present the pathophysiology , followed by a balanced overview of the different forms of iron replacement available , and subsequently , to perform a systematic review of studies performed in the last decade on the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in IBD .
Age of red blood cells and transfusion in critically ill patients
Red blood cells ( RBC ) storage facilitates the supply of RBC to meet the clinical dem and for transfusion and to avoid wastage . However , RBC storage is associated with adverse changes in erythrocytes and their preservation medium . These changes are responsible for functional alterations and for the accumulation of potentially injurious bioreactive substances . They also may have clinical ly harmful effects especially in critically ill patients . The clinical consequences of storage lesions , however , remain a matter of persistent controversy . Multiple retrospective , observational , and single-center studies have reported heterogeneous and conflicting findings about the effect of blood storage duration on morbidity and /or mortality in trauma , cardiac surgery , and intensive care unit patients . Describing the details of this controversy , this review not only summarizes the current literature but also highlights the equipoise that currently exists with regard to the use of short versus current st and ard ( extended ) storage duration red cells in critically ill patients and supports the need for large , r and omized , controlled trials evaluating the clinical impact of transfusing fresh ( short duration of storage ) versus older ( extended duration of storage ) red cells in critically ill patients
However , in patients with IBD flares and inadequate responses to or side effects with oral preparations , intravenous iron supplementation is the therapy of choice .
Neither oral nor intravenous therapy seems to exacerbate the clinical course of IBD , and intravenous iron therapy can be administered even in active disease stages and concomitantly with biologics .
Based on the data presented , oral iron therapy should be preferred for patients with quiescent disease stages and trivial iron deficiency  anemia unless such patients are intolerant or have an inadequate response , whereas intravenous iron supplementation may be of advantage in patients with aggravated anemia or flares of IBD because inflammation hampers intestinal absorption of iron
Abstract Anemia is the most frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) , but anemia , mostly due to iron deficiency , has long been neglected in these patients .
The aim was to briefly present the pathophysiology , followed by a balanced overview of the different forms of iron replacement available , and subsequently , to perform a systematic review of studies performed in the last decade on the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in IBD .