Some research provided robust analyses of the affected population s ’ health inequities and demonstrated how a task shifting intervention redressed those concerns .
Introduction Task shifting interventions have been implemented to improve health and address health inequities .
Little is known about how inequity and vulnerability are defined and measured in research on task shifting .
We conducted a systematic review to identify how inequity and vulnerability are identified , defined and measured in  task shifting research from high-income countries .
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Older Veterans Using Nonclinician Sleep Coaches: Randomized Controlled Trial.
OBJECTIVES To test a new cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia ( CBT-I ) program design ed for use by nonclinicians . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . SETTING Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system . PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling veterans aged 60 and older who met diagnostic criteria for insomnia of 3 months duration or longer ( N = 159 ) . INTERVENTION Nonclinician " sleep coaches " delivered a five-session manual-based CBT-I program including stimulus control , sleep restriction , sleep hygiene , and cognitive therapy ( individually or in small groups ) , with weekly telephone behavioral sleep medicine supervision . Controls received five sessions of general sleep education . MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes , including self-reported ( 7-day sleep diary ) sleep onset latency ( SOL-D ) , wake after sleep onset ( WASO-D ) , total wake time ( TWT-D ) , and sleep efficiency ( SE-D ) ; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) ; and objective sleep efficiency ( 7-day wrist actigraphy , SE-A ) were measured at baseline , at the posttreatment assessment , and at 6- and 12-month follow-up . Additional measures included the Insomnia Severity Index ( ISI ) , depressive symptoms ( Patient Health Question naire-9 ( PHQ-9 ) ) , and quality of life ( Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-form Survey version 2 ( SF-12v2 ) ) . RESULTS Intervention subjects had greater improvement than controls between the baseline and posttreatment assessment s , the baseline and 6-month assessment s , and the baseline and 12-month assessment s in SOL-D ( -23.4 , -15.8 , and -17.3 minutes , respectively ) , TWT-D ( -68.4 , -37.0 , and -30.9 minutes , respectively ) , SE-D ( 10.5 % , 6.7 % , and 5.4 % , respectively ) , PSQI ( -3.4 , -2.4 , and -2.1 in total score , respectively ) , and ISI ( -4.5 , -3.9 , and -2.8 in total score , respectively ) ( all P < .05 ) . There were no significant differences in SE-A , PHQ-9 , or SF-12v2 . CONCLUSION Manual-based CBT-I delivered by nonclinician sleep coaches improves sleep in older adults with chronic insomnia
Some research provided robust analyses of the affected population s ’ health inequities and demonstrated how a task shifting intervention redressed those concerns .
Introduction Task shifting interventions have been implemented to improve health and address health inequities .
Little is known about how inequity and vulnerability are defined and measured in research on task shifting .
We conducted a systematic review to identify how inequity and vulnerability are identified , defined and measured in  task shifting research from high-income countries .