CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .
Dietary calcium, physical activity, and risk of hip fracture: a prospective study.
OBJECTIVE --To determine whether low dietary calcium intake and physical inactivity are risk factors for hip fracture among subjects aged 65 and over . DESIGN --Fifteen year follow up study of a large cohort of r and omly selected elderly people living in the community , who had taken part in the 1973 - 4 survey of the Department of Health and Social Security , and for whom dietary and other data were recorded at initial interview and medical assessment . SETTING --Eight areas in Britain ( Engl and ( five ) , Wales ( one ) , and Scotl and ( two ] . SUBJECTS--1688 Subjects living in the community , of whom 1419 subjects ( 720 men and 699 women ) agreed to participate . 1356 Subjects completed a seven day dietary record and 983 ( 542 men and 441 women ) agreed to be assessed by a geriatrician . RESULTS --Incidence of hip fracture increased with age and was higher in women than men . Comparison with matched controls showed no evidence that the risk of hip fracture was related to calcium intake : the odds ratio for the lowest third of dietary calcium  compared with the highest was 0.7 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.1 to 3.9 ) after adjustment for smoking and body mass index . The adjusted odds ratio for the lowest third of outdoor activity compared with the highest was 4.3 ( 0.7 to 26.8 ) , and that for grip strength was 3.9 ( 0.7 to 23.0 ) . CONCLUSIONS --Reduced intake of dietary calcium does not seem to be a risk factor for hip fracture . Further evidence is provided that physical activity in the elderly protects against hip fracture
CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .