The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
Effect of ascorbic acid on microcirculation in patients with Type II diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study.
Manifestations of vascular disease , including microvascular changes , constitute the major part of the morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients . Oxidative stress has been suggested to play an important role in the vascular dysfunction of diabetic patients . Furthermore , epidemiological observations indicate a beneficial effect of an increased dietary intake of antioxidants . The present study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant ascorbic acid influences microcirculatory function in patients with Type II diabetes . Patients with Type II diabetes were treated with 1 g of ascorbic acid three times a day for 2 weeks in a r and omized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over design . Microvascular reactivity was assessed by  vital capillaroscopy  and PRH ( post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia ) . hs-CRP ( high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ) , IL-6 ( interleukin-6 ) , IL-1ra ( interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ) and ox-LDL ( oxidized low-density lipoprotein ) were analysed . The results showed no significant change in microvascular reactivity assessed after 2 weeks of ascorbic acid treatment . TtP ( time to peak ) was 12.0+/-3.3 s before and 11.2+/-3.5 s after ascorbic acid ( n=17 ) . In comparison , TtP was 11.5+/-2.9 s before and 10.6+/-2.8 s after placebo ( not significant ) . IL-1ra , IL-6 , hs-CRP and ox-LDL did not change significantly after ascorbic acid , neither as absolute or relative values . In conclusion , in contrast with some studies reported previously , we could not demonstrate an effect of continuous oral treatment with ascorbic acid on microvascular reactivity assessed at the level of individual capillaries . Furthermore , we found no indication of an effect on inflammatory cytokines or ox-LDL
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .