There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .
Graded sucrose/carbohydrate diets in overtly hypertriglyceridemic diabetic patients.
Overtly hypertriglyceridemic patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were given a control diet containing 120 g of sucrose and 50 percent carbohydrate , and later r and omly assigned to receive isocaloric high- ( 220 g ) , intermediate- ( 120 g ) , or low- ( less than 3 g ) sucrose/carbohydrate diets for four weeks . The low-sucrose diet group demonstrated a modest but significant decrease in mean fasting serum glucose level in the first week only , although this change was no different from the other two dietary groups and was not sustained . All groups had little change in late postpr and ial serum glucose levels from control values , and no significant alterations in 24-hour glycosuria . The high-sucrose diet group demonstrated a significant increase in fasting serum triglyceride levels by the second week of the study , whereas the intermediate- and low-sucrose diet groups showed a decrease in mean fasting triglyceride levels . In contrast , the low-sucrose diet group 's late postpr and ial serum triglyceride levels increased by the fourth week , whereas levels fell in the high-sucrose diet group . Mean fasting serum cholesterol concentrations decreased from control values in the high-sucrose diet group . Thus , although very high sucrose and carbohydrate consumption is clearly deleterious to fasting tryglyceride levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with preexisting hypertriglyceridemia , it appears that low dietary sucrose and carbohydrate proportions do not further improve prepr and ial glycemia and glycosuria and may adversely affect late postpr and ial serum triglyceride concentration . This study suggests that isocaloric sucrose and carbohydrate restriction below usual daily levels ( 120 g per day ) offers no consistent benefit in glycemia or lipid control in overt type II diabetes
There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .