In addition , 19 letters to the editor/ review s/editorials/experts ' surveys/experts ' opinion were used for discussion purpose s. Conclusions NVAF is highly prevalent among ICH survivors .
The risks of IS , recurrent ICH , and mortality are heightened in this group .
Most published data show a net benefit in terms of IS prevention and mortality when anticoagulation is restarted .
Background We summarize the existing evidence on the potential benefit of oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) survivors with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) .
Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Previous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure ( LAAC ) may be considered in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindication for long-term anticoagulation . This study aim ed to assess the safety and efficacy of LAAC followed by single antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) . METHODS In this explorative , prospect i ve , single-center study , consecutive patients who underwent LAAC because of previous spontaneous ICH over a period of 4 years were analyzed . Risks of ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic complications were estimated using the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores , respectively . Single antiplatelet therapy was given for at least 6 months post implantation . Clinical follow-up included cardiological evaluations at 1 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months , and neurological evaluations at 3 and 12 months . RESULTS A total of 46 patients  underwent LAAC with a mean follow-up of 12 ± 7 months . The observed annual rate of ischemic stroke was 4.35 % compared with an expected rate of 7.23 % according to the mean risk of the population based on CHA2DS2-VASc score , which translated into a 40 % risk reduction . The observed annual rate of major bleeding was 4.35 % compared with an expected rate of 8.05 % according to the mean risk of the population based on HAS-BLED score , which translated into a 46 % risk reduction . CONCLUSIONS LAAC followed by single antiplatelet therapy is feasible as an alternative to oral anticoagulation in high-risk patients with previous ICH , with an acceptable periprocedural risk . Longer follow-up in a larger number of patients will be needed to establish the effectiveness of LAAC relative to direct oral anticoagulants
In addition , 19 letters to the editor/ review s/editorials/experts ' surveys/experts ' opinion were used for discussion purpose s. Conclusions NVAF is highly prevalent among ICH survivors .
The risks of IS , recurrent ICH , and mortality are heightened in this group .
Most published data show a net benefit in terms of IS prevention and mortality when anticoagulation is restarted .
Background We summarize the existing evidence on the potential benefit of oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) survivors with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) .