The pooled estimate from the studies suggested that the addition of testosterone to HT regimens improved sexual function scores for postmenopausal women .
A significant adverse effect was a decrease in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol levels .
However , there is evidence that adding testosterone to HT has a beneficial effect on sexual function in postmenopausal women .
There was a reduction in HDL cholesterol associated with the addition of testosterone to the HT regimens .
It is , therefore , difficult to estimate the effect of testosterone on sexual function in association with any individual hormone treatment regimen
BACKGROUND : The value of adding testosterone to hormone therapy ( HT ) for the management of peri- and postmenopausal women is controversial and has not been systematic ally review ed .
OBJECTIVES : To determine the benefits and risks of testosterone therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy .
Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial.
CONTEXT Observational studies have suggested that postmenopausal hormone treatment may improve cognitive function , but data from r and omized clinical trials have been sparse and inconclusive . The Women 's Health Initiative Memory Study ( WHIMS ) is an ancillary study of the Women 's Health Initiative ( WHI ) hormone therapy trials . On July 8 , 2002 , the estrogen plus progestin therapy in the WHI trial was discontinued because of certain increased health risks for women . OBJECTIVE To determine whether estrogen plus progestin therapy protects global cognitive function in older postmenopausal women . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial , WHIMS is an ancillary study of geographically diverse , community-dwelling women aged 65 years or older from 39 of 40 clinical centers within the WHI estrogen plus progestin trial that started in June 1995 . Of 4894 eligible postmenopausal women aged 65 years or older and free of probable dementia at baseline , 4532 ( 92.6 % ) were enrolled in the estrogen plus progestin component of WHIMS . A total of 4381 participants ( 96.7 % ) provided at least 1 valid cognitive function score between June 1995 and July 8 , 2002 . INTERVENTIONS Participants received either 1 daily tablet containing 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen with 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate ( n = 2145 ) or matching placebo ( n = 2236 ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Global cognitive function measured annually with the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination . RESULTS The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination mean total scores in both groups increased slightly over time ( mean follow-up of 4.2 years ) . Women in the estrogen plus progestin group had smaller average increases in total scores compared with women receiving placebo ( P = .03 ) , but these differences were not clinical ly important . Removing women by censoring them after adjudicated dementia , mild cognitive impairment , or stroke , and nonadherence to study protocol , did not alter the findings . Prior hormone therapy use and duration of prior use did not affect the interpretation of the results , nor did timing of prior hormone therapy initiation with respect to the final menstrual period . More women in the estrogen plus progestin group had a substantial and clinical ly important decline ( > or = 2 SDs ) in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination total score ( 6.7 % ) compared with the placebo group ( 4.8 % ) ( P = .008 ) . CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women aged 65 years or older , estrogen plus progestin did not improve cognitive function when compared with placebo . While most women receiving estrogen plus progestin did not experience clinical ly relevant adverse effects on cognition compared with placebo , a small increased risk of clinical ly meaningful cognitive decline occurred in the estrogen plus progestin group
The pooled estimate from the studies suggested that the addition of testosterone to HT regimens improved sexual function scores for postmenopausal women .
A significant adverse effect was a decrease in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol levels .
However , there is evidence that adding testosterone to HT has a beneficial effect on sexual function in postmenopausal women .
There was a reduction in HDL cholesterol associated with the addition of testosterone to the HT regimens .
It is , therefore , difficult to estimate the effect of testosterone on sexual function in association with any individual hormone treatment regimen
BACKGROUND : The value of adding testosterone to hormone therapy ( HT ) for the management of peri- and postmenopausal women is controversial and has not been systematic ally review ed .
OBJECTIVES : To determine the benefits and risks of testosterone therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy .