Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .
[Analgesia after hip fracture repair in elderly patients: the effect of a continuous femoral nerve block: a prospective and randomised study].
INTRODUCTION The usefulness of peripheral femoral nerve block for pain management after hip fracture has been established . This prospect i ve and r and omised study compared the analgesia effect of a continuous femoral nerve block ( CF ) versus two conventional analgesia procedures  after hip fracture . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients . ( n=62 ) scheduled for surgery under spinal anaesthesia were prospect ively included . After surgery , analgesia ( 48 hours ) was r and omised : group FC ( femoral catheter , anterior paravascular approach , initial bolus followed by continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2 % ) , group P ( iv 2 g propacetamol/6 hours ) , group M ( sc morphine , 0.05 mg/kg per 4 hour ) . Intravenous morphine titration was performed , followed by subcutaneous ( sc ) morphine every 4 hours according to the VAS score . The primary end-point was the  morphine requirements . Secondary end-points were VAS score , side effects , and mortality . RESULTS Demographic data and surgical procedures were similar between groups . After morphine titration , the VAS pain score did not differ between groups . All patients in-group M received additional morphine .  Morphine mean consumption was increased in CF group : 26 mg ( 5 - 42 ) versus P : 8 mg ( 3 - 12 ) ( p=0.0001 ) or M : 19 mg ( 8 - 33 ) ( p<0.006 ) while constipation was decreased in P group vs CF . Percentage of patients requiring no morphine  was similar between P ( n=6 ; 28 % ) and CF ( n=6 ; 28 % ) and greater than M ( n=0 ; 0 % ) . Hospital discharge , cardiovascular or pulmonary complications and mortality after 6 months showed no statistical difference . CONCLUSION Continuous femoral nerve block provided limited pain relief after hip fracture did not reduced side effects and induced an expensive cost
Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .