Limited data suggest that systematic risk assessment for CVD has no statistically significant effects on clinical endpoints .
There is limited evidence to suggest that CVD systematic risk assessment may have some favourable effects on cardiovascular risk factors .
BACKGROUND Screening programmes can potentially identify people at high cardiovascular risk and reduce cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) morbidity and mortality .
However , there is currently not enough evidence showing clear clinical or economic benefits of systematic screening-like programmes over the widely practised opportunistic risk assessment of CVD in primary care setting s. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness , costs and adverse effects of systematic risk assessment compared to opportunistic risk assessment for the primary prevention of CVD .
The BioImage Study: novel approaches to risk assessment in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease--study design and objectives.
The identification of asymptomatic individuals at risk for near-term atherothrombotic events to ensure optimal preventive treatment remains a challenging goal . In the BioImage Study , novel approaches are tested in a typical health-plan population . Based on certain demographic and risk characteristics on file with Humana Inc , a total of 7,687 men 55 to 80 years of age and women 60 to 80 years of age without evidence of atherothrombotic disease but presumed to be at risk for near-term atherothrombotic events were enrolled between January 2008 and June 2009 . Those who met the prespecified eligibility criteria were r and omized to a telephonic health survey only ( survey only : n = 865 ) , st and ard risk assessment ( Framingham only : n = 718 ) , or comprehensive risk assessment in a dedicated mobile facility equipped with advanced imaging tools ( n = 6,104 ) . Baseline examination included assessment of cardiovascular risk factors  and screening for sub clinical ( asymptomatic ) atherosclerosis with quantification of coronary artery calcification by computed tomography ( CT ) , measurement of intima-media thickness , presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and abdominal aortic aneurysm by ultrasound , and ankle brachial index . Participants with one or more abnormal screening test results underwent advanced imaging with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for carotid and aortic plaques , contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography for luminal stenosis and noncalcified plaques , and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT for  carotid and aortic plaque inflammation . Plasma , PAXgene RNA , and DNA sample s were obtained , frozen , and stored for future biomarker discovery studies . All individuals will be followed until 600 major atherothrombotic events have occurred in those undergoing imaging . The BioImage Study will help identify those patients with sub clinical atherosclerosis who are at risk for near-term atherothrombotic events and enable a more personalized management of care
Limited data suggest that systematic risk assessment for CVD has no statistically significant effects on clinical endpoints .
There is limited evidence to suggest that CVD systematic risk assessment may have some favourable effects on cardiovascular risk factors .
BACKGROUND Screening programmes can potentially identify people at high cardiovascular risk and reduce cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) morbidity and mortality .
However , there is currently not enough evidence showing clear clinical or economic benefits of systematic screening-like programmes over the widely practised opportunistic risk assessment of CVD in primary care setting s. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness , costs and adverse effects of systematic risk assessment compared to opportunistic risk assessment for the primary prevention of CVD .