Primary findings indicate that there is ( a ) strong evidence that poor performance on a set distance run for time is a predictor for MSK-I risk in both genders ; ( b ) strong evidence that poor performance on timed shuttle runs is a predictor for MSK-I risk in males ; ( c ) moderate evidence in males and limited evidence in females that poor performance on a timed step test is a predictor of MSK-I risk ; and ( d ) limited or insufficient evidence that poor performance on the Cooper run test , maximal and submaximal aerobic grade d exercise tests , and the Conconi test are predictors of MSK-I risk in males or females or both .
Several measures of CRE are risk factors for training-related MSK-I in military and civilian athletic population s , indicating that CRE may be an important measure for MSK-I risk stratification
A systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk : part 1—cardiorespiratory endurance .
J Strength Cond Res 31(6 ) : 1744–1757 , 2017—Musculoskeletal injuries ( MSK-Is ) are a significant health problem for both military and athletic population s. Research indicates that MSK-I is associated with physical fitness ; however , the association between specific components of physical fitness and MSK-I in military and athletic population s has not been systematic ally examined .
Risk factors for bone stress injuries: a follow-up study of 102,515 person-years.
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected bone stress injuries in the pelvis , hip , thigh , and knee in a large cohort of Finnish conscripts during a follow-up of 102,515 person-years . METHODS An epidemiologic prospect i ve cohort study of 152,095 conscripts , including 2345 ( 1.5 % ) females , was conducted . Localized pain in the pelvis , hip , thigh , or knee result ed in an orthopedic surgeon 's consultation and subsequent MRI examination at the Central Military Hospital , Helsinki , Finl and . Risk factors were systematic ally collected from 1998 to 2004 , including data on conscripts ' physical fitness and body composition measured at the beginning of their military service . RESULTS Altogether , 319 MRI-detected bone stress injuries of the pelvis , hip , thigh , or knee were identified in our cohort ; thus , the incidence was 311 ( 95 % CI : 277 - 345 ) per 100,000 person-years . The female : male ratio varied substantially , depending on the anatomic location of the injury ; it was highest for sacral injuries ( female : male ratio = 51.1 ) and lowest for injuries of the femoral condyle ( female : male ratio = 0.8 ) . In univariate Cox regression analysis , poor muscle strength and a poor result in a 12-min run were significantly associated with bone stress injuries . In multivariable analysis , the strongest risk factors for bone stress injuries were female gender ( hazard ratio 8.2 ; 95 % CI : 4.8 - 14.2 ) and higher age ( hazard ratio 2.1 ; 95 % CI : 1.4 - 3.1 ) . CONCLUSIONS Female military trainees have a highly increased risk of bone stress injuries of the pelvis and hip compared with male conscripts . Sacral stress fractures are typical bone stress injuries in female military recruits . Physicians should remember the possibility of bone stress injury , especially when examining stress-related pain symptoms of the pelvic area in physically active young adult females
Primary findings indicate that there is ( a ) strong evidence that poor performance on a set distance run for time is a predictor for MSK-I risk in both genders ; ( b ) strong evidence that poor performance on timed shuttle runs is a predictor for MSK-I risk in males ; ( c ) moderate evidence in males and limited evidence in females that poor performance on a timed step test is a predictor of MSK-I risk ; and ( d ) limited or insufficient evidence that poor performance on the Cooper run test , maximal and submaximal aerobic grade d exercise tests , and the Conconi test are predictors of MSK-I risk in males or females or both .
Several measures of CRE are risk factors for training-related MSK-I in military and civilian athletic population s , indicating that CRE may be an important measure for MSK-I risk stratification
A systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk : part 1—cardiorespiratory endurance .
J Strength Cond Res 31(6 ) : 1744–1757 , 2017—Musculoskeletal injuries ( MSK-Is ) are a significant health problem for both military and athletic population s. Research indicates that MSK-I is associated with physical fitness ; however , the association between specific components of physical fitness and MSK-I in military and athletic population s has not been systematic ally examined .