Calcium supplements  increased BMD by 0.7 - 1.8 % at all five skeletal sites at one , two , and over two and a half years , but the size of the increase in BMD at later time points was similar to the increase at one year .
Increasing calcium intake from dietary sources or by taking calcium supplements produces small non-progressive increases in BMD , which are unlikely to lead to a clinical ly significant reduction in risk of fracture
OBJECTIVE To determine whether increasing calcium intake from dietary sources affects  bone mineral density ( BMD ) and , if so , whether the effects are similar to those of calcium supplements .
Calcium supplementation suppresses bone turnover during weight reduction in postmenopausal women.
Bone mobilization , lowering of bone mineral density ( BMD ) , and osteoporotic fractures are recognized in postmenopausal women with weight loss . Because a high-calcium intake suppresses bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women , the present r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was design ed to test the hypothesis that calcium supplementation prevents net bone mobilization and consequent bone mineral loss during voluntary weight reduction in obese postmenopausal women . Subjects were placed on a moderate energy-restricted diet and either calcium supplementation ( 1 g/day ) or placebo for 6 months . Body weight , bone turnover markers ( pyridinium cross-links ) , osteocalcin , and parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) were measured at treatment weeks 1 - 5 , 7 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 20 , and 25 . Total body BMD , insulin-like growth factor , 25-hydroxyvitamin D , and sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG ) were measured at baseline and week 25 . The calcium supplemented ( n = 15 ; age 60.9 + /- 9.4 years , body mass index [ BMI ] 33.2 + /- 4.6 kg/m2 ) and placebo ( n = 16 ; age 55.8 + /- 8.3 years , BMI 32.9 + /- 4.5 kg/m2 ) groups lost similar amounts of weight over the study interval ( 10.2 + /- 5.3 % vs. 10.0 + /- 5.2 % ) and both groups increased SHBG ( p < 0.001 ) . There was a statistical effect of calcium supplementation during weight loss to suppress pyridinium cross-links , osteocalcin , and PTH ( p < 0.05 , < 0.01 , and < 0.05 , respectively ) . Loss of BMD tended to be greater in the placebo group by 1.4 % ( p < 0.08 ) after weight loss . One gram per day calcium supplementation normalizes the increased calcium-PTH axis activity and the elevated bone turnover rate observed during moderate voluntary energy restriction in postmenopausal women
Calcium supplements  increased BMD by 0.7 - 1.8 % at all five skeletal sites at one , two , and over two and a half years , but the size of the increase in BMD at later time points was similar to the increase at one year .
Increasing calcium intake from dietary sources or by taking calcium supplements produces small non-progressive increases in BMD , which are unlikely to lead to a clinical ly significant reduction in risk of fracture
OBJECTIVE To determine whether increasing calcium intake from dietary sources affects  bone mineral density ( BMD ) and , if so , whether the effects are similar to those of calcium supplements .