The 50 original articles included in this qualitative , systematic review revealed that the recommendations " Tourniquet " of the DGAI published in 2016 are mostly still up to date despite an inhomogeneous study situation .
INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of a  tourniquet  in the case of life-threatening hemorrhages of the extremities is well recognized and led to the recommendations on " Tourniquet " of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care ( DGAI ) in 2016 .
The aim of this systematic review was to re-evaluate the current medical literature in relation to the published DGAI recommendations .
Effect of limited ischemia time on the amount and function of mitochondria within human skeletal muscle cells
Abstract Introduction The clinical success of total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) depends substantially on the quadriceps muscle function . A frequently applied thigh tourniquet during TKA may induce ischemia related injuries to quadriceps muscle cells . Animal limb muscles subjected to 2–5 h ischemia revealed dysfunctional mitochondria , which in turn compromised the cellular bioenergetics and increased the level of reactive oxygen species . The hypothesis of the present study was that tourniquet application during TKA for 60 min ( min ) affects the amount and function of mitochondria within musculus vastus medialis cells . Material s and methods In a r and omized clinical trial , 10 patients enrolled to undergo primary TKA . The patients were r and omly assigned to the tourniquet ( n = 5 ) or non-tourniquet group ( n = 5 ) after obtaining a written informed consent . For each of the groups , the first muscle biopsy was harvested immediately after performing the surgical approach and the second biopsy exactly 60 min later . All biopsies ( 5 × 5 × 5 mm ) 125 mm3 were harvested from musculus vastus medialis and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen . The biochemical analysis of the prepared muscle tissues included the measurement of activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes I – III and citrate synthase . Results Tourniquet-induced 60 min ischemia time did not significantly change the activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes complexes I – III of the skeletal muscle cells . The citrate synthase activities found to be not significantly different between both groups . Conclusions The use of tourniquet during TKA within a limited time period of 60 min remained without substantial effects on the amount and function of mitochondria within human skeletal muscle cells
The 50 original articles included in this qualitative , systematic review revealed that the recommendations " Tourniquet " of the DGAI published in 2016 are mostly still up to date despite an inhomogeneous study situation .
INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of a  tourniquet  in the case of life-threatening hemorrhages of the extremities is well recognized and led to the recommendations on " Tourniquet " of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care ( DGAI ) in 2016 .
The aim of this systematic review was to re-evaluate the current medical literature in relation to the published DGAI recommendations .