However , mechanistic studies found significant improvements in hippocampal neuronal health and brain glutathione .
CONCLUSION There is preliminary evidence that taurine improves outcomes in FEP , whereas effects of omega-3 and antioxidant vitamins/amino-acids are inconsistent ; perhaps mainly benefitting patients with high levels of oxidative stress .
AIM The effects of nutrient-based treatments , including adjunctive vitamin or antioxidant supplementation , have been explored extensively in long-term schizophrenia .
However , no systematic evaluation of trials in " first-episode psychosis " ( FEP ) has been conducted , despite the potential benefits of using these treatments during the early stages of illness .
Therefore , we aim ed to review all studies examining efficacy , tolerability and the biological mechanisms of action , of nutrient supplementation in FEP .
Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study
OBJECTIVE Based on clues from epidemiology and animal experiments , low vitamin D during early life has been proposed as a risk factor for schizophrenia . The aim of this study was to explore the association between the use of vitamin D supplements during the first year of life and risk of developing schizophrenia . METHOD Subjects were drawn from the Northern Finl and 1966 Birth Cohort ( n=9,114 ) . During the first year of life , data were collected about the frequency and dose of vitamin D supplementation . Our primary outcome measures were schizophrenia , psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia , and nonpsychotic disorders as diagnosed by age 31 years . Males and females were examined separately . RESULTS In males , the use of either irregular or regular vitamin D supplements was associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia ( Risk ratio (RR)=0.08 , 95 % CI 0.01 - 0.95 ; RR=0.12 , 95 % CI 0.02 - 0.90 , respectively ) compared with no supplementation . In males , the use of at least 2000 IU of vitamin D was associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia ( RR=0.23 , 95 % CI 0.06 - 0.95 ) compared to those on lower doses . There were no significant associations between either the frequency or dose of vitamin D supplements  and ( a ) schizophrenia in females , nor with ( b ) nonpsychotic disorder or psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia in either males or females . CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life is associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia  in males . Preventing hypovitaminosis D during early life may reduce the incidence of schizophrenia
However , mechanistic studies found significant improvements in hippocampal neuronal health and brain glutathione .
CONCLUSION There is preliminary evidence that taurine improves outcomes in FEP , whereas effects of omega-3 and antioxidant vitamins/amino-acids are inconsistent ; perhaps mainly benefitting patients with high levels of oxidative stress .
AIM The effects of nutrient-based treatments , including adjunctive vitamin or antioxidant supplementation , have been explored extensively in long-term schizophrenia .
However , no systematic evaluation of trials in " first-episode psychosis " ( FEP ) has been conducted , despite the potential benefits of using these treatments during the early stages of illness .
Therefore , we aim ed to review all studies examining efficacy , tolerability and the biological mechanisms of action , of nutrient supplementation in FEP .