Conclusions .
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribo-chemical silica coating are the pre-treatment methods with more evidence in the literature .
Increased adhesion could be expected after physico-chemical conditioning of zirconia .
Surface contamination has a negative effect on adhesion .
There is no evidence to support a universal adhesion protocol
Background .
Reliable bonding between resin composite cements and high strength ceramics is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content that makes etching impossible .
The purpose of this review is to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s suggested to improve the adhesion of zirconia to dental substrate by using composite resins , in order to explore current trends in surface conditioning methods with predictable results .
Methods .
Thermocycling effect on microshear bond strength to zirconia ceramic using Er:YAG and tribochemical silica coating as surface conditioning
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the thermocycling effect on the microshear bond strength ( μSBS ) of different self-adhesive resin cements to zirconia using tribochemical silica coating Rocatec ™ ( ROC ) and Er : YAG as surface conditioners . Two hundred forty square-like zirconia sample s were polished and r and omly assigned in four groups according surface treatment applied as follows : ( 1 ) no treatment ( NT ) , ( 2 ) silica coating with ROC , 3 ) Er : YAG laser irradiation ( LAS : 2.940 nm , 200 mJ ; 10 Hz ) , and ( 4 ) laser followed by Rocatec ™ ( LAROC ) . Each group was divided into two subgroups according the resin tested as follows : ( A ) BiFix SE ( BIF ) and ( B ) Clearfil SA ( CLE ) . After 24 h , half of the specimens from each subgroup were tested . The other half was stored and thermocycled ( 5–55 ° C/5,000 cycles ) . A μSBS test was performed using a universal testing machine ( cross head speed = 0.5 mm/min ) . Failure modes were recorded and observed by scanning electronic microscopy . Data was analyzed with ANOVA , Student ’s t test , and chi-square tests , and linear regression was performed ( p < 0.05 ) . Before thermocycling , both cements showed higher μSBS results with ROC and LAROC . After aging , ( 1 ) all BIF specimens evidence d severely decreased adhesion with mostly adhesive failures and ( 2 ) CLE maintained the initial results in ROC and LAROC groups , performing better with ROC . Thermocycling did not negatively influence the resin – zirconia μSBS results in the self-adhesive resin cement containing 10-MDP when used on zirconia surface coated with silica , independently of previous Er : YAG surface treatment
Conclusions .
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribo-chemical silica coating are the pre-treatment methods with more evidence in the literature .
Increased adhesion could be expected after physico-chemical conditioning of zirconia .
Surface contamination has a negative effect on adhesion .
There is no evidence to support a universal adhesion protocol
Background .
Reliable bonding between resin composite cements and high strength ceramics is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content that makes etching impossible .
The purpose of this review is to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s suggested to improve the adhesion of zirconia to dental substrate by using composite resins , in order to explore current trends in surface conditioning methods with predictable results .
Methods .