Interventions that reduced sedentary time by using TV limiting devices were shown to be effective for children but the results were limited for adults .
Overall , large exercise equipment ( ie .
treadmills ) , and prominent exergaming material s ( exergaming bike , dance mats ) were found to be more effective than smaller devices .
Observational studies revealed that location and quantity of televisions correlated with SD behavior with the latter having a greater effect on girls .
This was similarly found for the quantity of PA equipment which also correlated with behavior in females .
Review s of neighborhood ( macro ) environment characteristics such as the presence of sidewalks and esthetics have shown significant correlations with  resident physical activity ( PA ) and sedentary ( SD ) behavior .
Currently , no comprehensive review has appraised and collected available evidence on the home ( micro ) physical environment .
The purpose of this review was to examine how the home physical environment relates to adult and child PA and SD behaviors .
Change in the family food environment is associated with positive dietary change in children
Background The family food environment is an important influence in the development of children ’s dietary habits . Research suggests that influences of current dietary behaviour and behaviour change may differ . The aims of this paper were to : ( 1 ) investigate the association between the food environment at baseline and change in  children ’s saturated fat intake ; and ( 2 ) to explore whether a change in the food environment was associated with a change in  children ’s saturated fat intake . MethodS econdary analysis of a 12 week cluster r and omised controlled trial in 133 4 - 13 year old children . Families were r and omly allocated to parental education regarding changing to reduced-fat dairy foods or a comparison non-dietary behaviour . The interventions were family focused . Parents received education from a dietitian in 3x30minute sessions to facilitate behaviour change . Parents completed a comprehensive question naire capturing three domains of the food environment – Parent knowledge and attitudes ; shaping practice s ; and behaviours and role modelling .  Children ’s dietary intake was assessed via multiple 24-hour recalls at baseline and week 12 . Changes in the family food environment and primary outcome ( saturated fat ) were calculated . Hierarchical linear regression models were performed to explore the association between baseline and change in food environment constructs and change in saturated fat intake . St and ardised Beta are presented ( p<0.05 ) . Results After adjustments for child and family demographics , higher levels of perceived food availability ( β=-0.2 ) at baseline was associated with greater reduction in saturated fat intake , where as higher perceived responsibility ( β=0.2 ) , restriction ( β=0.3 ) and pressure to eat ( β=0.3 ) were associated with lesser change in saturated fat . An increase in nutrition knowledge ( β=-0.2 ) , perceived responsibility ( β=-0.3 ) and restriction ( β=-0.3 ) from baseline to week 12 were associated with greater reduction in saturated fat intake . Conclusions The present study was one of the first to quantify changes in the family food environment , and identify a number of factors which were associated with a positive dietary change . Because interventions focus on behaviour change , the findings may provide specific targets for intervention strategies in the future . Trial registration Australia New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609000453280
Interventions that reduced sedentary time by using TV limiting devices were shown to be effective for children but the results were limited for adults .
Overall , large exercise equipment ( ie .
treadmills ) , and prominent exergaming material s ( exergaming bike , dance mats ) were found to be more effective than smaller devices .
Observational studies revealed that location and quantity of televisions correlated with SD behavior with the latter having a greater effect on girls .
This was similarly found for the quantity of PA equipment which also correlated with behavior in females .
Review s of neighborhood ( macro ) environment characteristics such as the presence of sidewalks and esthetics have shown significant correlations with  resident physical activity ( PA ) and sedentary ( SD ) behavior .
Currently , no comprehensive review has appraised and collected available evidence on the home ( micro ) physical environment .
The purpose of this review was to examine how the home physical environment relates to adult and child PA and SD behaviors .