There is no evidence that PUFA supplementation in infancy has an effect on infant or childhood allergy , asthma , dermatitis/eczema or food allergy .
However , the quality of evidence was very low .
There was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on allergic rhinitis
BACKGROUND Early dietary intakes may influence the development of allergic disease .
It is important to determine if dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) given as supplements or added to infant formula prevent the development of allergy .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of higher PUFA intake during infancy to prevent allergic disease .
Cognitive function in 18-month-old term infants of the DIAMOND study: a randomized, controlled clinical trial with multiple dietary levels of docosahexaenoic acid.
BACKGROUND Studies investigating cognitive outcomes following docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) supplementation of infant formula yield conflicting results , perhaps due to inadequate dietary concentrations . AIM To determine the optimal DHA concentration in term formula to support cognitive maturation . DESIGN This was a double-masked , r and omized , controlled , prospect i ve trial . A total of 181 infants were enrolled at 1 - 9 days of age and assigned r and omly to receive one of four term infant formulas with one of four levels of docosahexaenoic acid : Control ( 0 % DHA ) , 0.32 % DHA , 0.64 % DHA , or 0.96 % DHA . All DHA-supplemented formulas contained 0.64 % arachidonic acid ( ARA ) .  Infants were fed the assigned formulas until 12 months of age . One hundred forty-one children completed the 12-month feeding trial and were eligible for this study .  Cognitive function was assessed in 131 children at 18 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II ( BSID II ) . RESULTS There were no diet group differences on the Mental Development Index ( MDI ) , the Psychomotor Development Index ( PDI ) , or the Behavior Rating Scale ( BRS ) of the BSID II . However , when the scores of children who received any of the three DHA-supplemented formulas were combined and compared to control children , a significant difference emerged : the MDI scores of DHA-supplemented children were higher ( 104.1 v. 98.4 ; p=0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary supplementation of DHA during the first year of life leads to enhanced cognitive development at 18 months of age . DHA concentration of 0.32 % is adequate to improve cognitive function ; higher concentrations did not confer additional benefit
There is no evidence that PUFA supplementation in infancy has an effect on infant or childhood allergy , asthma , dermatitis/eczema or food allergy .
However , the quality of evidence was very low .
There was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on allergic rhinitis
BACKGROUND Early dietary intakes may influence the development of allergic disease .
It is important to determine if dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) given as supplements or added to infant formula prevent the development of allergy .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of higher PUFA intake during infancy to prevent allergic disease .