Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure and electrolyte concentrations in hypertensive patients receiving long term diuretic treatment.
I Canadin Task Force .  Cervical cancer screening programs  , 1976 . Can Med Assoc j 1976 ; -114:1003 - 33 . 2 Canadian Task Force . Cervical cancer screening p s : summary of the 1982 CanadianTask Force report . CanMedAssocj 1982;127:581 - 9 . 3 Dep tofHealth and Soail Security . Heach sevies&vdop eascgfor cervical caucr . Lod : DHSS , 1984 . ( HC(84)17 . ) 4 NlHConenssStst . Cervicalc ecreening : the Pap smear . BrMedJ 1980;281:1264 - 6 . 5 Macgregor JE , Baird D. Detection of cvial carcinoma in the genral population . Br MadJ 1963;i : 1631 - 6 . 6 Macgreg JE . Evaludon ofms scening programmes for cervial cancer in NE Scod and . Tonsori 1976;62:287 - 95 . 7 Macgregor JE , Moss SM , Parkin DM , Day NE . A case-control study ofeva cancercrening in orth ast Scodind BrMedY 1985;2:1543 - 6 . 8 Fidler HK , Boyes DA , Worth AJ .  Cervical cancer detection in British Columbia . A progress report . Jo fObs iasaGynaeology ofte tis ComBsdet 1968;75 : 392 - 404 . 9 Boye DA , Morrion B , Knom EG , Daper GJ , MiLlatAB . A coott sudy of cevical ca screeningmBritish Columbia . Cli lxveuiMod 1982;5:1 - 29 . 10 Thorainson A , Jenison 0 , B-prnason 0 . Screeniig for uterine cancer in  Icel  and . Aca Cytol 1969-,13 302 - 8 . 11 Johanneso G , Geiriaon G , Day NE . Th effect of m screening in Iceld 1m65 - 74 on the incidece and mortality ofcvical carcnoma . IxtJ Caxcer 1978;21:418 - 25 . 12 Johannesson G , Geirsson G , Day NE , Tulinius H. Sceening for cancer of the uterine cerv in Icd and -1965 - 1978 . Acta Obstet GynecolSc and 1982;61:199 - 203 . 13 Choi NW , Nelson NA , Abu-Zeid HAH . Cervical cytology program and its effects on cevcal cancer  incidnce and mortality by geographical areas in Manitoba . In : Nieburgs HE , ed . Prvention and detection ofcancer . Vol 2 , pt II . New York : Marcel Dekker , 1980:1891 - 907 . 14 Berget A. Influence of populaion sreening on morbidity and mortality of cancr of the uterine cervixin Maribo Amt . DanMd BMBl 1979;26:91 - 100 . 15 Lyage E , Poll P. Incdence of cevical following neptie smear . A cohort study from Manibocounty , Denmark . AmEpideasidin p .s ) . 16 Berget A , Mailer KA , Ol1sen JL Poll P. esrnigfor cervical crioain Maribo Amt 1971 - 1975 . DaxnMedBull 1978;2S:232 - 4 . 17 Norwegian Cancer Society . Mass saenmg fr canwff of sinetaramn cervixmi Oszfold cmmxgy 19591965 . Report No 1 . Oslo : Norwegian Cancer Society , 1967 . 18 Pedersen E , Hoeg K , Kolstad P.  Mmassceeningforcanceroftheuterinecervix  in Ostfold county , Norway : an experiment . Second report of the Norwegian Cancer Society . Acta Obstea Gynecol Sc and [ Suppl ] 11 , 1971 . 19 Ho'ugen A. Mms screening for  cafice of the uternDe cervix in the county of Ostfold , Norway . In : Nieburgs HE , ed . Prevention and desecion ofcancer . New York : Marcel Dekker , 1980:1875 - 84 . 20 Stenkvist B , BergstromR , Ekhund G , FoxCH . Papanicolaou smnearscreening and cervical cancer . What can you expect?_JAmMedAssw 1984;252:1423 - 6 . 21 Pettersaon F , Bj6ekbhol E , Nislund I. Evaluatio of the effect of Papnmcolaou screening in Sweden.2 . Trends in incidence and mmortalt for cancer of the uterine cervix  in Sweden 1958 - 1980 . IntyjEpikdeaia(inpress ) : 22 Raymond L , Obradovic M , Riotton G. Une 6tude csa-tenxina pour 1'6valuation du depistag cytologique du cancer du col uterin . RevEpidemiolSantePubique 1984;32:10 - 5 . 23 Berrino F , GattaG , D'alto M , Crosignani P , Riboli E. Efficacy fsreeningimpreventinginvasive cervical cancer . A case-control study carried outin Milan , Italy . In : HakamoaM , MiIIerAB , Day NE , eds . Screexingfor cervical cancer . Lyon : International Agency for Research on Cancer ( in press ) . ( IARC Scientific Publications , No 76 . ) 24 Clarke EA , And erson TW . Does screeningby " Pop " smearshelp prevent cervsia cancer ? Acasecontrol study . Lances 1979;ii:14 . 25 Hakama M , Day NE , MilkerAB , eds . Sreenmgfor cervi ~ cawaner.-Lyon : International Agencyfor Research on Cancer(inprea ) . ( LARC Scientific Publicanons , No. 76 . ) 26 Day NE , Walter SD . Siniplsfied modelsforscreening : estimation procedures fiommass screening programmres . Biometrics 1984;40:1 - 14 . 27 Brookmeyer R , Day NE , Mosa S. Case-contrxotatuidies for the estimation of the natural history of precdinicaf disease from screening data . StauMed IM8S:127 - 38 .28 Store BE , Wachoklder 5 , BreslowNE . Maximum likelihood flttingofgeneralrelative risk models to stratified data . AppliedStastst 1983;32:172 - 81 . 29 LaVecchia C , Franceschi5 , Decali A , FasoliM , GentileA , TognoniG. " Pap " smear and the risk of cervical neoplasia : quantitative estimates from a case-control study . Lances 1984ssi779 - 82 . 30 Aristizabal N , Cuello C , Correa P , Collaxos T , Haenszel W. The  impact of vaginal cytology on cervical cancer rinks in Cali , Colombia . I1u4 Cancer 1984;34:5 - 9 . 31 Hakama M. Trends in theincidenceofcervica cancerin the Nordic cotunties . In : Magnus K , ed . Trends in cancer inciene . Washington : Hemisphere , 1982:279 - 92
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .