As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Effects of diet and/or exercise on the adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
This study examined the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise on adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes . Using a r and omized , controlled design , 33 women ( age , 50 - 70 years ) were assigned to diet alone ( D ) , exercise alone ( EX ) , or diet + exercise ( D + E ) for 14 weeks . Before and after the interventions , blood sample s for adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were drawn , a meal test was performed , and abdominal fat distribution was measured by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . Body weight decreased approximately 4.5 + /- 0.6 kg ( P < .05 ) after the D and D + E interventions , whereas only small changes in body weight were found with the exercise-alone intervention . Plasma C-reactive protein levels were decreased by approximately 15 % with all 3 interventions , whereas leptin levels were reduced with the D and D + E intervention ( D : pre = 48.7 + /- 6.0 , post = 38.9 + /- 5.0 ng/mL ; D + E : pre = 38.5 + /- 6.0 , post = 22.9 + /- 5.0 ng/mL ; P < .05 ) with no differences between groups . There was a trend for leptin levels to decrease in the EX group ( P = .06 ) . Plasma resistin levels were not altered by the 3 interventions from pre- to posttreatment ( D : pre = 6.9 + /- 0.6 , post = 6.2 + /- 0.4 ng/mL ; D + E : pre = 5.6 + /- 0.6 , post = 5.7 + /- 0.4 ng/mL ; E : pre = 6.2 + /- 0.6 , post = 5.9 + /- 0.6 ng/mL , P > .05 ) , and no differences in adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF- alpha ) levels were found . Visceral adipose tissue and tumor necrosis factor alpha were the only predictors of calculated insulin resistance ( P < .05 ) , explaining 43 % of the variability . A typically prescribed weight loss program with lifestyle changes result ed in few changes in adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokines in older women with type 2 diabetes , suggesting that dramatic weight loss or clinical interventions are needed
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .