Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .
The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Fish Intake on Serum Lipids and Glycemic Control in NIDDM: A randomized controlled study
OBJECTIVE The triglyceride-lowering effects of ω-3 fats and HDL cholesterol-raising effects of exercise may be appropriate management for dyslipidemia in NIDDM . However , fish oil may impair glycemic control in NIDDM . The present study examined the effects of moderate aerobic exercise and the incorporation of fish into a low-fat ( 30 % total energy ) diet on serum lipids and glycemic control in dyslipidemic NIDDM patients . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a controlled , 8-week intervention , 55 sedentary NIDDM subjects with serum triglycerides > 1.8 mmol/l and /or HDL cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/l were r and omly assigned to a low-fat diet ( 30 % daily energy intake ) with or without one fish meal daily ( 3.6 g ω-3/day ) and further r and omized to a moderate ( 55–65 % VO2max ) or light ( heart rate < 100 bpm ) exercise program .  An oral glucose tolerance test ( 75 g ) , fasting serum glucose , insulin , lipids , and GHb were measured before and after intervention . Self-monitoring of blood glucose was performed throughout . RESULTS In the 49 subjects who completed the study , moderate exercise  improved aerobic fitness ( VO2max ) by 12 % ( from 1.87 to 2.07 l/min , P = 0.0001 ) . Fish consumption  reduced triglycerides ( 0.80 mmol/l , P = 0.03 ) and HDL3 cholesterol ( 0.05 mmol/l , P = 0.02 ) and increased HDL2 cholesterol ( 0.06 mmol/l , P = 0.01 ) . After adjustment for age , sex , and changes in body weight , fish diets were associated with increases in GHb ( 0.50 % , P = 0.05 ) and self-monitored glucose ( 0.57 mmol/l , P = 0.0002 ) , which were prevented by moderate exercise . CONCLUSIONS A reduced fat diet incorporating one daily fish meal reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL2 cholesterol in dyslipidemic NIDDM patients . Associated deterioration in glycemic control can be prevented by a concomitant program of moderate exercise
Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .