Thus , WIs were seldom design ed to improve return-to-work .
Overall , there was low quality evidence that showed no significant differences between WIs and no intervention for pain prevalence or severity .
If present , significant results in favour of WIs were not sustained across follow-up times .
Overall , this review found low quality evidence that neither supported nor refuted the benefits of any specific WI for pain relief and moderate quality evidence that a multiple-component intervention reduced sickness absence in the intermediate-term , which was not sustained over time .
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of disability in many industrial countries .
Recurrent and chronic pain accounts for a substantial portion of workers ' absenteeism .
Neck pain seems to be more prominent in the general population than previously known .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of workplace interventions ( WIs ) in adult workers with neck pain .
High Quantitative Job Demands and Low Coworker Support As Risk Factors for Neck Pain: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study
Study Design . A 3-year prospect i ve cohort study among 1334 workers was conducted . Objective . To determine whether the work-related psychosocial factors of quantitative job dem and s , conflicting job dem and s , skill discretion , decision authority , supervisor support , coworker support , and job security are risk factors for neck pain . Summary of Background Data . Among the various risk factors for neck pain , work-related psychosocial factors play a major role . Previous studies on risk factors for neck pain often had a cross-sectional design , and did not take both physical and psychosocial factors into account . Methods . At baseline , data on work-related psychosocial factors were collected by means of a question naire . During the 3-year follow-up period , data on the occurrence of neck pain were collected by means of postal question naires . Individuals without neck pain at baseline were selected for the analyses . Cox regression analysis was applied to examine the relation between the work-related psychosocial factors and the cumulative incidence of neck pain . Adjustments were made for various physical factors and individual characteristics . Results . The analysis included 977 patients . Altogether , 141 workers ( 14.4 % ) reported that they had experienced neck pain at least once during the 3-year follow-up period . The relation of neck pain to high quantitative job dem and s ( relative risk [ RR ] , 2.14 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.28–3.58 ) and low coworker support ( RR , 2.43 ; 95 % CI , 1.11–5.29 ) was statistically significant . An increased risk was found for low decision authority in relation to neck pain ( RR , 1.60 ; 95 % CI , 0.74–3.45 ) , but this relation was not statistically significant . Conclusions . High quantitative job dem and s and low coworker support are independent risk factors for neck pain . There are indications that another risk factor for neck pain is low decision authority
Thus , WIs were seldom design ed to improve return-to-work .
Overall , there was low quality evidence that showed no significant differences between WIs and no intervention for pain prevalence or severity .
If present , significant results in favour of WIs were not sustained across follow-up times .
Overall , this review found low quality evidence that neither supported nor refuted the benefits of any specific WI for pain relief and moderate quality evidence that a multiple-component intervention reduced sickness absence in the intermediate-term , which was not sustained over time .
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of disability in many industrial countries .
Recurrent and chronic pain accounts for a substantial portion of workers ' absenteeism .
Neck pain seems to be more prominent in the general population than previously known .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of workplace interventions ( WIs ) in adult workers with neck pain .