The results of this study suggest that preoperative warming can reduce rates of SSI after surgery .
OBJECTIVE To determine whether preoperative warming can reduce the risk of surgical site infection ( SSI ) after surgery .
BACKGROUND Intraoperative hypothermia is a risk factor for the occurrence of  SSI in patients after surgery .
However , the effectiveness of preoperative warming in reducing the incidence of the condition remains unclear .
A Prospective Clinical Trial Measuring the Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Under Mild Hypothermia on the Inflammatory Response and Regulation of Cold-Shock Protein RNA-Binding Motif 3.
Therapeutic hypothermia during cardiac surgery has been widely used for neuroprotection and to attenuate the systemic inflammatory response due to cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) . Experimental data suggest that cold-shock protein RNA-binding motif 3 ( RBM3 ) , which is induced in response to hypothermia , plays a key role in hypothermia-induced organ protection . To date , investigation on RBM3 has been performed exclusively in vitro or in animal models , and the detection and regulation of RBM3 in human blood has not been investigated until now . The objective was to investigate the level of RBM3 protein and cytokine expression profile involved in the inflammatory response in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery involving CPB and therapeutic hypothermia .  A single-center prospect i ve trial with 23 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB  was performed . RBM3 protein was quantified in blood serum sample s collected from patients and healthy individuals by employing a new developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay .  Cytokine levels were analyzed from dry blood spot sample s by using a Quanterix Simoa Immunoassay . For the first time , RBM3 protein was detected in blood sample s of patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery . Hereby , RBM3 protein concentrations were significantly elevated in patients after cardiac surgery with  CPB  and mild hypothermia as compared with pre-surgery levels . Moreover , a complex immune reaction with significant induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( interleukin [IL]-1 beta , IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-16 , IL-18 , monocyte chemotactic protein 1 , CC-chemokine lig and [CCL]3 , CCL4 , intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ) in response to CPB was detected . Significantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metallopeptidase 3 concentrations reflecting ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury were observed 24 hours after weaning from CPB . The use of CPB is still associated with a complex inflammatory response . RBM3 protein is measurable in blood sample s of patients with significantly higher concentrations after cardiac surgery with CPB and mild-to-moderate hypothermia . RBM3 is a new c and i date as a biomarker for therapeutic hypothermia and a possible new therapeutic target for organ protection
The results of this study suggest that preoperative warming can reduce rates of SSI after surgery .
OBJECTIVE To determine whether preoperative warming can reduce the risk of surgical site infection ( SSI ) after surgery .
BACKGROUND Intraoperative hypothermia is a risk factor for the occurrence of  SSI in patients after surgery .
However , the effectiveness of preoperative warming in reducing the incidence of the condition remains unclear .