Moreover , there was nonlinear association between duration of psyllium consumption , BMI and WC .
Conclusion : Psyllium supplementation does not reduce body weight , BMI , and WC significantly
Abstract Background : Previous studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of psyllium supplementation on  obesity measures .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was performed to summarize data from available r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) on the effect of psyllium supplementation on  body weight , body mass index ( BMI ) , and waist circumference ( WC ) in adults .
A psyllium fiber-enriched meal strongly attenuates postprandial gastrointestinal peptide release in healthy young adults.
Dietary fiber ( DF ) and protein are essential constituents of a healthy diet and are well known for their high satiety impact . However , little is known about their influence on postpr and ial gastrointestinal ( GI ) peptide release . Our aim in this single-blind , r and omized , cross-over study was to investigate the effects of DF and /or protein enrichments on satiety-related metabolic and hormonal responses .  Sixteen healthy , nonobese volunteers participated in the study and ingested 1 of 5 isoenergetic test meals in a r and omized order on separate days . The test meals were as follows : 1 ) low in protein ( 2.8 g ) and fiber ( 7.6 g ) ; 2 ) low in protein ( 2.6 g ) and high in soluble fiber ( psyllium , 23.0 g ) ; 3 ) high in protein ( soy , 19.7 g ) and low in fiber ( 6.2 g ) ; 4 ) high in protein ( 18.4 g ) and fiber ( 23.0 g ) ; and 5 ) white wheat bread .  Serum insulin and plasma glucose , ghrelin , glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 ) , and peptide YY ( PYY ) concentrations were determined for 2 h following the meals . In addition , hunger and satiety ratings were collected . Postpr and ial glucose , insulin , ghrelin , GLP-1 , and PYY responses all differed among the meals ( P < or= 0.05 ) . Fiber-enriched meals decreased glucose , insulin , ghrelin , and PYY responses ; in addition , PYY secretion was prolonged compared with the other meals . The postpr and ial GLP-1 concentration was significantly suppressed after a fiber- and protein-rich meal , in contrast to the initial increases following the other meals . However , postpr and ial ratings of appetite were mostly similar after the test meals . In conclusion , solid meals enriched with psyllium fiber strongly modified postpr and ial signals arising from the GI tract
Moreover , there was nonlinear association between duration of psyllium consumption , BMI and WC .
Conclusion : Psyllium supplementation does not reduce body weight , BMI , and WC significantly
Abstract Background : Previous studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of psyllium supplementation on  obesity measures .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was performed to summarize data from available r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) on the effect of psyllium supplementation on  body weight , body mass index ( BMI ) , and waist circumference ( WC ) in adults .