Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .
Neuroelectric adaptations to cognitive processing in virtual environments: an exercise-related approach
Recently , virtual environments ( VEs ) are suggested to encourage users to exercise regularly . The benefits of chronic exercise on cognitive performance are well documented in non-VE neurophysiological and behavioural studies . Based on event-related potentials ( ERP ) such as the N200 and P300 , cognitive processing may be interpreted on a neuronal level . However , exercise-related neuroelectric adaptation in VE remains widely unclear and thus characterizes the primary aim of the present study . Twenty-two healthy participants performed active ( moderate cycling exercise ) and passive ( no exercise ) sessions in three VEs ( control , front , surround ) , each generating a different sense of presence . Within sessions , conditions were r and omly assigned , each lasting 5 min and including a choice reaction-time task to assess cognitive performance . According to the international 10:20 system , EEG with real-time triggered stimulus onset was recorded , and peaks of N200 and P300 components ( amplitude , latency ) were exported for analysis . Heart rate was recorded , and sense of presence assessed prior to and following each session and condition . Results revealed an increase in ERP amplitudes ( N200 : p < 0.001 ; P300 : p < 0.001 ) and latencies ( N200 : p < 0.001 ) that were most pronounced over fronto- central and occipital electrode sites relative to an increased sense of presence ( p < 0.001 ) ; however , ERP were not modulated by exercise ( each p > 0.05 ) . Hypothesized to mirror cognitive processing , decreases of cognitive performance ’s accuracy and reaction time failed significance . With respect to previous research , the present neuroelectric adaptation gives reason to believe in compensative neuronal re sources that balance dem and ing cognitive processing in VE to avoid behavioural inefficiency
Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .