Further , in a cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes , pioglitazone therapy was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality .
Despite these beneficial effects , the meta- analysis showed that pioglitazone therapy had higher risks of heart failure , bone fractures , edema and weight gain .
The low-dose pioglitazone therapy may show the same degree of improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism , fatty liver , insulin resistance , and adiponectin as the st and ard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy .
Furthermore , the low-dose pioglitazone therapy may also show less adverse effects on weight gain , edema and heart failure as compared with the st and ard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy
Pioglitazone is one of thiazolidinedione derivatives , which stimulates nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and improves glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity .
A recent systematic review and meta- analysis showed that pioglitazone therapy was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes .
Plasma BNP levels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone.
We monitored the change in plasma ANP and BNP levels ( as markers for left ventricular dysfunction ( LVD ) ) in DM2 patients treated with pioglitazone ( Pio ) for 4 weeks . Thirty DM2 patients with no sign of heart failure were treated with Pio ( 15 mg/day ) , and their plasma ANP ( normal levels < or=43 pg/ml ) and BNP levels ( normal levels < or=18.4 pg/ml ) were examined . We also examined those levels in  no drug-treatment group ( n = 10 ) as well as buformine  treatment group ( n = 10 ) . Among these groups , there were no significant differences in clinical profiles related to DM control . Pio treatment was terminated when BNP ( above 100 pg/ml ) and ANP levels ( above 50 pg/ml ) suggested the left ventricular dysfunction ( LVD ) . The patients ( n = 12 ) whose BNP levels reached to the LVD-positive levels showed the basal BNP levels above the normal upper limit ( 18 pg/ml ) , while the rest of subjects ( n = 18 ) whose basal BNP levels within normal limits did not showed the LVD-positive levels in the Pio-treatment . On the other h and basal ANP levels did not predict the development to LVD . In conclusion , BNP levels are suggested to be a good marker of Pio-induced LVD , and the Pio treatment of DM2 patients with BNP levels above the normal limit should be carefully carried out by monitoring BNP levels
Further , in a cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes , pioglitazone therapy was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality .
Despite these beneficial effects , the meta- analysis showed that pioglitazone therapy had higher risks of heart failure , bone fractures , edema and weight gain .
The low-dose pioglitazone therapy may show the same degree of improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism , fatty liver , insulin resistance , and adiponectin as the st and ard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy .
Furthermore , the low-dose pioglitazone therapy may also show less adverse effects on weight gain , edema and heart failure as compared with the st and ard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy
Pioglitazone is one of thiazolidinedione derivatives , which stimulates nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and improves glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity .
A recent systematic review and meta- analysis showed that pioglitazone therapy was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes .