No significant differences were observed for weight , waist circumference , fat mass , blood lipids ( i.e. total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol , triacylglycerols ) , C-reactive protein , diastolic and systolic blood pressure , fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin .
Sensitivity analysis of high quality RCTs confirmed the data of the primary analyses , while exclusion of studies with diabetic subjects result ed in an additional benefit of high-protein diets with respect to a more marked increase in HDL-cholesterol .
Conclusion According to the present meta- analysis of long-term RCTs , high-protein diets exerted neither specific beneficial nor detrimental effects on outcome markers of obesity , cardiovascular disease or glycemic control .
Background Meta-analyses of short-term studies indicate favorable effects of higher protein vs. lower protein diets on health outcomes like adiposity or cardiovascular risk factors , but their long-term effects are unknown .
Comparative effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein versus low-fat diets on the kidney.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Concerns exist about deleterious renal effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein weight loss diets . This issue was addressed in a secondary analysis of a parallel r and omized , controlled long-term trial . DESIGN , SETTING , PARTICIPANTS , AND MEASUREMENTS Between 2003 and 2007 , 307 obese adults without serious medical illnesses at three United States academic centers were r and omly assigned to a low-carbohydrate high-protein or a low-fat weight-loss diet for 24 months . Main outcomes included renal filtration ( GFR ) indices ( serum creatinine , cystatin C , creatinine clearance ) ; 24-hour urinary volume ; albumin ; calcium excretion ; and serum solutes at 3 , 12 , and 24 months . RESULTS Compared with the low-fat diet , low-carbohydrate high-protein consumption was associated with minor reductions in serum creatinine ( relative difference , -4.2 % ) and cystatin C ( -8.4 % ) at 3 months and relative increases in creatinine clearance at 3 ( 15.8 ml/min ) and 12 ( 20.8 ml/min ) months ; serum urea at 3 ( 14.4 % ) , 12 ( 9.0 % ) , and 24 ( 8.2 % ) months ; and 24-hour urinary volume at 12 ( 438 ml ) and 24 ( 268 ml ) months . Urinary calcium excretion increased at 3 ( 36.1 % ) and 12 ( 35.7 % ) months without changes in bone density or clinical presentations of new kidney stones . CONCLUSIONS In healthy obese individuals , a low-carbohydrate high-protein weight-loss diet over 2 years was not associated with noticeably harmful effects on GFR , albuminuria , or fluid and electrolyte balance compared with a low-fat diet . Further follow-up is needed to determine even longer-term effects on kidney function
No significant differences were observed for weight , waist circumference , fat mass , blood lipids ( i.e. total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol , triacylglycerols ) , C-reactive protein , diastolic and systolic blood pressure , fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin .
Sensitivity analysis of high quality RCTs confirmed the data of the primary analyses , while exclusion of studies with diabetic subjects result ed in an additional benefit of high-protein diets with respect to a more marked increase in HDL-cholesterol .
Conclusion According to the present meta- analysis of long-term RCTs , high-protein diets exerted neither specific beneficial nor detrimental effects on outcome markers of obesity , cardiovascular disease or glycemic control .
Background Meta-analyses of short-term studies indicate favorable effects of higher protein vs. lower protein diets on health outcomes like adiposity or cardiovascular risk factors , but their long-term effects are unknown .