This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Influence of intravenous clonidine pretreatment on anesthetic requirements during bispectral EEG-guided sevoflurane anesthesia.
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the anesthetic effects of clonidine during sevoflurane anesthesia guided by the bispectral index ( BIS ) , which is a processed EEG variable correlated with anesthetic-hypnotic depth . DESIGN Placebo-controlled , double-blind clinical trial . SETTING S Elective laparoscopic surgery . PATIENTS 60 ASA physical status I patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery . INTERVENTIONS Patients received either clonidine ( 3 micrograms/kg , 15 min before induction ) or placebo premedication for a sevoflurane-induced and sevoflurane-maintained anesthesia . Sevoflurane was titrated against a BIS held between 40 and 50 . Analgesia was provided by local infiltration with bupivacaine . Need for postoperative analgesia was recorded . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Mean sevoflurane requirements were not lower with clonidine pretreatment . There was statistically better perioperative hemodynamic stability ( i.e. , fewer episodes of hypertension and tachycardia ) without clinical relevance . A decreased need for postoperative analgesia was observed
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .