Specifically , the research er studied whether ( a ) there was a significant difference in physiological measures , ( b ) there was a significant difference in quality of life , ( c ) there was a significant difference in satisfaction levels , ( d ) there was a significant difference in pain reduction , ( e ) there was a significant difference in procedural length , ( f ) there was a significant difference in length of stay , and ( g ) whether the overall effect size and 95 % confidence level support the recommendation of music therapy in the health care setting .
The purpose of the activity reported in this article was to conduct an exhaustive search of the Journal of  Music Therapy  , filter the articles on the desired parameters , and organize data for analysis and interpretation .
The effect of music-reinforced nonnutritive sucking on state of preterm, low birthweight infants experiencing heelstick.
This study examined the physiologic and behavioral effects of music-reinforced nonnutritive sucking ( NNS ) for preterm , low birthweight ( LBW ) infants experiencing heelstick . Subjects were 60 infants , age 32 to 37 weeks post conceptional age in a neonatal intensive care unit . Infants were r and omly assigned to one of three treatment groups : pacifier-activated lullaby ( PAL ) , pacifier-only , and no-contact . Experimental infants were provided the Sondrex PAL System , which plays music contingent on infant sucking . Pacifier-only infants did not receive music reinforcement for sucking , and no-contact infants were not provided a pacifier or music at any point during the procedure . Stress level and behavior state were assessed continuously and heart , respiratory , and oxygen saturation rates were recorded at 15-second intervals for all infants . Most physiologic data results were inconclusive . However , analysis of behavior state and stress level revealed the following significant differences for the PAL and pacifier-only groups compared to the no-contact group , all of which were greatest between the PAL and no-contact groups : lower during-heelstick behavior state means , less time in undesirable behavior states , lower during- and post-heelstick stress level means , and smaller behavior state and stress level differences between intervals . In addition , the PAL group had a significantly lower pre-heelstick stress level mean than the no-contact group . Behavior state and stress level were also more stable across time for the PAL group than the other groups , and patterns of changes in oxygen saturation , behavior state , and stress level indicate that music-reinforced NNS may facilitate return to homeostasis
Specifically , the research er studied whether ( a ) there was a significant difference in physiological measures , ( b ) there was a significant difference in quality of life , ( c ) there was a significant difference in satisfaction levels , ( d ) there was a significant difference in pain reduction , ( e ) there was a significant difference in procedural length , ( f ) there was a significant difference in length of stay , and ( g ) whether the overall effect size and 95 % confidence level support the recommendation of music therapy in the health care setting .
The purpose of the activity reported in this article was to conduct an exhaustive search of the Journal of  Music Therapy  , filter the articles on the desired parameters , and organize data for analysis and interpretation .