Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .
Bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic with different surface treatments
Zirconia-based ceramics offer strong restorations in dentistry , but the adhesive bond strength of resin cements to such ceramics is not optimal . This study evaluated the influence of surface treatments on the bond strength of resin cement to yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ( Y-TZP ) ceramic . Seventy-five plates of Y-TZP ceramic were r and omly assigned to five groups ( n = 15 ) according to the surface treatments [ airborne particle abrasion , neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet ( Nd : YAG ) laser irradiation ( Fidelis Plus 3 , Fotona ; 2 W , 200 mJ , 10 Hz , with two different pulse duration s 180 or 320 μs ) , glaze applied , and then 9.5 % hydrofluoric acid gel conditioned , control ] . One specimen from each group was r and omly selected , and specimens were evaluated with x-ray diffraction and SEM analysis . The resin cement ( Clearfil Esthetic Cement , Kuraray ) was adhered onto the zirconia surfaces with its corresponding adhesive components . Shear bond strength of each sample was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min . Bond strengths were analyzed through one-way ANOVA/Tukey tests . Surface treatments significantly modified the topography of the Y-TZP ceramic . The Nd : YAG laser-irradiated specimens result ed in both increased surface roughness and bond strength of the resin cement . The highest surface roughness and bond strength values were achieved with short pulse duration . Nd : YAG laser irradiation increased both surface roughness of Y-TZP surfaces and bond strength of resin cement to the zirconia surface
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .