None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .
Effects of diet and simvastatin on serum lipids, insulin, and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemic men: a randomized controlled trial.
CONTEXT Limited information exists on the interaction between diet and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ( statins ) and the interaction 's effect on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels , insulin sensitivity , and circulating antioxidant vitamin and provitamin levels . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the separate and combined effects of diet and simvastatin therapy on serum levels of lipids , lipoproteins , antioxidants , and insulin . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS R and omized , controlled crossover trial conducted from August 1997 to June 1998 in 120 previously untreated hypercholesterolemic men aged 35 to 64 years who were recruited from the community in Turku , southwestern Finl and . INTERVENTIONS After a 4- to 6-week placebo run-in period , participants were r and omly allocated to a habitual diet ( n = 60 ) or dietary treatment group ( n = 60 ) , and each of these groups was further r and omized in a double-blind crossover fashion to receive simvastatin ( 20 mg/d ) or placebo , each for 12 weeks ( n = 30 in each group ) . The main goals of the dietary treatment were to reduce energy intake from saturated plus trans-unsaturated fats to no more than 10 % by replacing them partly with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats rich in omega-3 fatty acids and to increase intake of fruits , vegetables , and dietary fiber . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in levels of total , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol ; triglycerides ; apolipoprotein B ; insulin ; glucose ; and antioxidants at week 12 of each treatment period , compared among the 4 groups . RESULTS Dietary treatment decreased levels of total cholesterol by 7.6 % ( P<.001 ) , LDL cholesterol by 10.8 % ( P<.001 ) , HDL cholesterol by 4.9 % ( P = .01 ) , apolipoprotein B by 5.7 % ( P = .003 ) , serum insulin by 14.0 % ( P = .02 ) , and alpha-tocopherol by 3.5 % ( P = .04 ) . Simvastatin decreased levels of total cholesterol by 20.8 % , LDL cholesterol by 29.7 % , triglycerides by 13.6 % , apolipoprotein B by 22.4 % , alpha-tocopherol by 16.2 % , beta-carotene by 19.5 % , and ubiquinol-10 by 22.0 % ( P<.001 for all ) and increased levels of HDL cholesterol by 7.0 % ( P<.001 ) and serum insulin by 13.2 % ( P = .005 ) . Glucose levels remained unchanged in all groups . The effects of dietary treatment and simvastatin were independent and additive . CONCLUSIONS A modified Mediterranean-type diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids efficiently potentiated the cholesterol-lowering effect of simvastatin , counteracted the fasting insulin-elevating effect of simvastatin , and , unlike simvastatin , did not decrease serum levels of beta-carotene and ubiquinol-10
None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .