Conclusions This review shows that physical frailty indicators can predict ADL disability in community-dwelling elderly people .
Slow gait speed and low physical activity/exercise seem to be the most powerful predictors followed by weight loss , lower extremity function , balance , muscle strength , and other indicators .
Nevertheless , our study suggests that monitoring physical frailty indicators in community-dwelling elderly people might be useful to identify elderly people who could benefit from disability prevention programs
Background Disability in Activities of Daily Living ( ADL ) is an adverse outcome of frailty that places a burden on frail elderly people , care providers and the care system .
Knowing which physical frailty indicators predict ADL disability is useful in identifying elderly people who might benefit from an intervention that prevents disability or increases functioning in daily life .
The objective of this study was to systematic ally review the literature on the predictive value of physical frailty indicators on ADL disability in community-dwelling elderly people .
Incidence of and predictors for chronic disability in activities of daily living among older people in Taiwan.
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of chronic activities of daily living ( ADL ) disability and to analyze the sociodemographic , health status , adverse lifestyle , and leisure-time physical activity predictors for chronic ADL disability . DESIGN We recruited a cohort of community-dwelling older people in Taipei , Taiwan , who were not ADL disabled in August 1993 , and we followed them until August 1996 . SETTING S AND PARTICIPANTS The study subjects were 1321 community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older who were ADL intact at the initial interview in August 1993 . The study sample was a subset of a probability sample ( n = 1583 ) r and omly selected from household registration s in the four districts of the Taipei metropolitan area . MEASUREMENTS Baseline information regarding various factors potentially associated with the development of chronic ADL disability was assessed and collected at the beginning of the study . Study participants were assessed annually for ADL function by a structured home interview using a six-item scale . Participants who were unable to perform independently at least one of the six items -- eating , bathing , dressing , toileting ,  transfers , and walking inside the house -- for more than 3 months were considered chronically ADL disabled . Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to examine the independent effect of the potential predictors on risk of chronic ADL disability . RESULTS During the 3-year study period , 145 ( 11.0 % ) participants developed chronic ADL disability , 58 ( 4.4 % ) participants were lost to follow-up , and 83 ( 6.3 % ) participants died . Multiple hazard regression analysis showed that individuals aged 70 to 79 years or older than age 80 had increased risk of ADL disability ( relative risk : 2.05 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1.35 - 3.11 ) and 3.89 ( 95%CI , 2.33 - 6.50 ) , respectively ) compared with those participants younger than age 70 . Risk of chronic ADL disability was inversely associated with routine exercise ( RR = 0.52 ; 95 % CI , 0.39 - 0.68 ) . CONCLUSIONS Age is the most significant predictor of chronic ADL disability . Lack of routine exercise is also a significant predictor of ADL disability in older adults
Conclusions This review shows that physical frailty indicators can predict ADL disability in community-dwelling elderly people .
Slow gait speed and low physical activity/exercise seem to be the most powerful predictors followed by weight loss , lower extremity function , balance , muscle strength , and other indicators .
Nevertheless , our study suggests that monitoring physical frailty indicators in community-dwelling elderly people might be useful to identify elderly people who could benefit from disability prevention programs
Background Disability in Activities of Daily Living ( ADL ) is an adverse outcome of frailty that places a burden on frail elderly people , care providers and the care system .
Knowing which physical frailty indicators predict ADL disability is useful in identifying elderly people who might benefit from an intervention that prevents disability or increases functioning in daily life .
The objective of this study was to systematic ally review the literature on the predictive value of physical frailty indicators on ADL disability in community-dwelling elderly people .