HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Effect of female sex hormone supplementation and withdrawal on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in postmenopausal women.
Females are disproportionately affected by constipation , which is often aggravated during pregnancy . Bowel function also changes during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle . The aim was to compare the effects of acute administration of female sex steroids on gastric emptying , small bowel transit and colonic transit in healthy postmenopausal subjects . A second aim was to determine whether withdrawal of the hormones was associated with a change in transit .  Forty-nine postmenopausal females were r and omized to receive for 7 days 400 mg day(-1 ) micronized progesterone , 0.2 mg day(-1 ) oestradiol , combination of the two , or placebo . Treatment groups were balanced on age . Participants underwent whole gut transit measurement by scintigraphy using a 99m-labeled technetium-egg meal and 111-labeled indium-charcoal via a delayed-release capsule . Transit measurement was repeated after withdrawal of the study medications . The primary endpoints were ascending colon ( AC ) emptying half-life time ( t1/2 ) and colonic geometric centre ( GC ) at 24 h. Secondary analysis variables were GC at 4 and 48 h , gastric emptying t1/2 and colonic filling at 6 h. There was a significant overall effect of progesterone on colonic transit with shorter AC emptying t1/2 and significantly greater colonic GC at 48 h. No transit endpoints were altered by oestradiol or combined hormonal treatment relative to placebo . Oestradiol and progesterone result ed in looser stool consistency . Withdrawal of the hormone supplement was not associated with significant alteration in transit .  Micronized progesterone does not retard colonic transit in postmenopausal females
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .