Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Contributions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, co-morbidities and bone mass to mortality in Japanese postmenopausal women.
It was reported that low bone mineral density ( BMD ) , osteoporotic fractures and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25-OHVD ) levels increase the risk of mortality in elderly Caucasian people . However , there is no data available on the relationship between bone mineral density or 25-OHVD levels and mortality in elderly Asian women . To determine whether or not low bone mineral density ( BMD ) or low 25-OHVD levels contribute to increased mortality risk , we conducted a prospect i ve observational study in 1232 ambulatory postmenopausal female volunteers . Information was obtained from the subjects on baseline BMD , the serum levels of biochemical indices including 25-OHVD , prevalent fractures , co-morbidities and lifestyle variables .  The participants were observed for a total of 6.9+/-3.6 years ( mean+/-SD ) and a total of 107 participants ( 8.7 % ) were dead during the observation . Mortality was assessed and confirmed on the certificates or hospital records or information from their family . In addition to traditional risks for mortality , such as age ( Hazard ratio , 1.73 , 95 % CI , 1.51 - 1.98 , P<0.01 ) , 25-OHVD level < 50 nmol/l ( HR 2.17 , 1.27 - 3.72 , P=0.01 ) , prevalent malignancies ( HR 5.60 , 3.36 - 9.31 , P<0.01 ) and existing osteoporosis ( HR 2.14 , 1.22 - 3.75 , P=0.01 ) were found to be significant independent risk factors for all-cause mortality by using multivariate Cox 's regression analysis . It is suggested that prevalent osteoporosis , prevalent malignancy or lower levels of 25-OHVD represent powerful risk factors for mortality
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .