Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Vitamin D status and the risk of cardiovascular disease death.
Accumulating evidence suggests that inadequate vitamin D levels may predispose people to chronic diseases . The authors aim ed to investigate whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25(OH)D ) level predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . The study was based on the Mini-Finl and Health Survey and included 6,219 men and women aged > or = 30 years who were free from CVD at baseline ( 1978 - 1980 ) . During follow-up through 2006 , 640 coronary disease deaths and 293 cerebrovascular disease deaths were identified . Levels of 25(OH)D were determined from serum collected at baseline .  Cox 's proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between 25(OH)D and risk of CVD death . After adjustment for potential confounders , the hazard ratio for total CVD death was 0.76 ( 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) : 0.60 , 0.95 ) for the highest quintile of 25(OH)D level versus the lowest . The association was evident for cerebrovascular death ( hazard ratio = 0.48 , 95 % CI : 0.31 , 0.75 ) but not coronary death ( hazard ratio = 0.91 , 95 % CI : 0.70 , 1.18 ) . A low vitamin D level may be associated with higher risk of a fatal CVD event , particularly cerebrovascular death . These findings need to be replicated in other population s. To demonstrate a causal link between vitamin D and CVD , r and omized controlled trials are required
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .