Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Customary physical activity and survival in later life: a study in Nottingham, UK.
OBJECTIVE : To assess the value of broadly based customary physical activity scores , derived from a question naire inventory , in predicting 10 year mortality  among elderly people . DESIGN : A 10 year survival analysis of participants in the first wave of the Nottingham longitudinal study of activity and ageing who , in face to face interviews in 1985 , provided detailed information on customary physical activity , health , and lifestyle . SETTING : Urban and suburban Nottingham PARTICIPANTS : A total of 1042 people aged 65 years and over r and omly sample d from general practitioner records . MAIN RESULTS : On the basis of factor scores derived from the interview question naire , activity levels were grade d as " high " , " intermediate " , or " low " . In Cox regression models controlling for age , health status , and cigarette smoking at the time of the activity assessment , these gradings were significantly related to 10 year survival . Relative to the " high " activity groups , the risk of dying was significantly increased in both the " intermediate " ( hazard ratio ( HR ) 1.53 ; 95 % CI 1.12 , 2.09 ) and " low " ( HR 2.07 ; 95 % CI 1.53 , 2.79 ) groups for women , and in the " low " group ( HR 1.59 ; 95 % CI 1.12 , 2.25 ) for men ( p < 0.01 throughout ) . CONCLUSION : Since the survival model controlled for age , health status , and cigarette smoking , it is unlikely that the activity gradings used here are simple proxies for physical health . It is concluded , therefore , that within the elderly population , recall based survey assessment s covering a wide range of customary or habitual physical activities , can provide indices showing both cross sectional utility and predictive validity
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .