In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Relative importance of risk factors in bladder carcinogenesis: some new results about Mediterranean habits
In the Mediterranean region of France where bladder cancer mortality and incidence are high , a case-control study with 219 male incident cases and 794 r and omized , male population -controls was carried out in 1987–89 to investigate bladder cancer risk factors and more specifically , regional factors . A stepwise logistic regression was applied to the data . This investigation confirms the role of tobacco and of certain occupational exposures in bladder carcinogenesis . There was a significant dose-response relationship with lifelong coffee drinking and alcohol consumption ; however the risk estimates were only significantly elevated for the heaviest drinkers . The intake of saccharin was not associated with risk of bladder cancer . Infrequent consumption of carrots , spinach , and marrows conferred an increased risk , suggesting a protective effect of vitamin A. Finally , this investigation results in some new hypotheses . The study of residences and birthplaces has revealed a lower risk for those who have lived in a non-Mediterranean area and a higher risk for those born in a Mediterranean area . These features might be explained by some Mediterranean dietary habits , such as a high consumption of spices ( odds ratio = 3.64 , 95 percent confidence interval=2.21–5.98 )
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .