Interventions such as supervised or individualised exercise therapy and self-management techniques may enhance exercise adherence .
BACKGROUND Chronic musculoskeletal pain ( CMP ) is a major health problem , accounting for approximately one-quarter of general practice ( GP ) consultations in the United Kingdom ( UK ) .
Exercise and physical activity is beneficial for the most common types of CMP , such as back and knee pain .
However , poor adherence to exercise and physical activity may limit long-term effectiveness .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to improve adherence to exercise and physical activity for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain .
Chronic pain self-management for older adults: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN11899548]
Background Chronic pain is a common and frequently disabling problem in older adults . Clinical guidelines emphasize the need to use multimodal therapies to manage persistent pain in this population . Pain self-management training is a multimodal therapy that has been found to be effective in young to middle-aged adult sample s. This training includes education about pain as well as instruction and practice in several management techniques , including relaxation , physical exercise , modification of negative thoughts , and goal setting . Few studies have examined the effectiveness of this therapy in older adult sample s. Methods / Design This is a r and omized , controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a pain self-management training group intervention , as compared with an education-only control condition .  Participants are recruited from retirement communities in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and must be 65 years or older and experience persistent , noncancer pain that limits their activities . The primary outcome is physical disability , as measured by the Rol and -Morris Disability Question naire . Secondary outcomes are depression ( Geriatric Depression Scale ) , pain intensity ( Brief Pain Inventory ) , and pain-related interference with activities ( Brief Pain Inventory ) . R and omization occurs by facility to minimize cross-contamination between groups . The target sample size is 273 enrolled , which assuming a 20 % attrition rate at 12 months , will provide us with 84 % power to detect a moderate effect size of .50 for the primary outcome . Discussion Few studies have investigated the effects of multimodal pain self-management training among older adults . This r and omized controlled trial is design ed to assess the efficacy of a pain self-management program that incorporates physical and psychosocial pain coping skills among adults in the mid-old to old-old range
Interventions such as supervised or individualised exercise therapy and self-management techniques may enhance exercise adherence .
BACKGROUND Chronic musculoskeletal pain ( CMP ) is a major health problem , accounting for approximately one-quarter of general practice ( GP ) consultations in the United Kingdom ( UK ) .
Exercise and physical activity is beneficial for the most common types of CMP , such as back and knee pain .
However , poor adherence to exercise and physical activity may limit long-term effectiveness .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to improve adherence to exercise and physical activity for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain .