Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Effect of an intensive exercise intervention strategy on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial: the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES).
BACKGROUND This study aim ed to assess the efficacy of an intensive exercise intervention strategy in promoting physical activity ( PA ) and improving hemoglobin A(1c)(HbA(1c ) ) level and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . METHODS Of 691 eligible sedentary patients with T2DM and the metabolic syndrome , 606 were enrolled in 22 outpatient diabetes clinics across Italy and r and omized by center , age , and diabetes treatment to twice-a-week supervised aerobic and resistance training plus structured exercise counseling ( exercise group ) vs counseling alone ( control group )  for 12 months . End points included HbA(1c ) level ( primary ) and other cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease risk scores ( secondary ) . RESULTS The mean ( SD ) volume of PA ( metabolic equivalent hours per week ) was significantly higher ( P < .001 ) in the exercise ( total PA [ nonsupervised conditioning PA + supervised PA ] , 20.0 [ 0.9 ] , and nonsupervised , 12.4 [ 7.4 ] ) vs control ( 10.0 [ 8.7 ] ) group . Compared with the control group , supervised exercise produced significant improvements ( mean difference [ 95 % confidence interval ] ) in physical fitness ; HbA(1c ) level ( -0.30 % [ -0.49 % to -0.10 % ] ; P < .001 ) ; systolic ( -4.2 mm Hg [ -6.9 to -1.6 mm Hg ] ; P = .002 ) and diastolic ( -1.7 mm Hg [ -3.3 to -1.1 mm Hg ] ; P = .03 ) blood pressure ; high-density lipoprotein ( 3.7 mg/dL [ 2.2 to 5.3 mg/dL ] ; P < .001 ) and low-density lipoprotein ( -9.6 mg/dL [ -15.9 to -3.3 mg/dL ] ; P = .003 ) cholesterol level ; waist circumference ( -3.6 cm [ -4.4 to -2.9 cm ] ; P < .001 ) ; body mass index ; insulin resistance ; inflammation ; and risk scores . These parameters improved only marginally in controls . CONCLUSIONS This exercise intervention strategy was effective in promoting PA and improving HbA(1c ) and cardiovascular risk profile . Conversely , counseling alone , though successful in achieving the currently recommended amount of activity , was of limited efficacy on cardiovascular risk factors , suggesting the need for a larger volume of PA in these high-risk subjects . Trial Registration is rct n.org Identifier : IS RCT N04252749
Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .