Conclusion : Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly .
However subgroup analysis regarding dose ( ≥ 30 g/day ) and duration ( between 4 to 8 weeks ) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI
ABSTRACT Background : Cocoa and dark chocolate ( DC ) have been reported to be effective for health promotion ; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined .
Long-term consumption of high energy-dense snack foods on sensory-specific satiety and intake.
BACKGROUND The sensory attributes of foods may have an important influence on intake because of sensory-specific satiety ( SSS ) . Foods with high SSS may aid in body weight maintenance as a result of termination of consumption before metabolic satiety . No studies have investigated whether long-term exposure to a food might change SSS or how this affects food intake . OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of daily consumption of 3 energy-dense snack foods ( hazelnuts , chocolate , and potato chips ) for 12 wk on SSS and ad libitum intake during a tasting session . DESIGN One hundred eighteen participants took part in this r and omized , controlled , parallel study with 4 arms : control group ( no additional food ) or ∼1100 kJ/d for each snack . SSS , food intake , and body composition were measured at baseline and at week 12 . RESULTS Daily consumption of snacks for 12 wk result ed in a statistically significant reduction in SSS in all 3 snack groups ( P = 0.015 ) . However , no such changes were seen in the control group ( P = 0.608 ) . Ad libitum energy intake increased over the study during the tasting sessions for the snack food across all groups , including the control group ( P = 0.039 ) . Inverse associations were found between baseline SSS and BMI ( P = 0.039 ) , percentage body fat ( P = 0.013 ) , and fat mass ( P = 0.004 ) . CONCLUSION Habitual consumption of a high energy-dense snack food results in a decrease in SSS , which could lead to a higher energy intake of the snack . This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12609000265279
Conclusion : Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly .
However subgroup analysis regarding dose ( ≥ 30 g/day ) and duration ( between 4 to 8 weeks ) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI
ABSTRACT Background : Cocoa and dark chocolate ( DC ) have been reported to be effective for health promotion ; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined .