Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose , sex , fracture history , dietary calcium intake , and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration .
Conclusions and Relevance In this meta- analysis of r and omized clinical trials , the use of supplements that included calcium , vitamin D , or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures  among community-dwelling older adults .
Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal .
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults .
Objective To investigate whether calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults .
The effect of fluoride and calcium on spinal bone mineral content: A controlled, prospective (3 years) study
Summary Daily treatment with 30 mg of sodium fluoride ( NaF ) and 1 g of calcium over a 3-year period increased the bone mineral content ( BMC ) in the spines of women ( n=25 ) with osteoporosis . Determination of the BMC was followed with dual photon absorptiometry ( 137Cs-241Am ) in the third lumbar vertebra . No increase in BMC was found with only 10 mg sodium fluoride in combination with calcium ( n=25 ) , with calcium alone ( n=25 ) , or with placebo ( n=25 ) . No serious side effects were registered . There was , however , minor gastrointestinal distress in one-fifth of the patients taking 30 mg NaF daily
Subgroup analyses showed that these results were generally consistent regardless of the calcium or vitamin D dose , sex , fracture history , dietary calcium intake , and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration .
Conclusions and Relevance In this meta- analysis of r and omized clinical trials , the use of supplements that included calcium , vitamin D , or both compared with placebo or no treatment was not associated with a lower risk of fractures  among community-dwelling older adults .
Importance The increased social and economic burdens for osteoporosis-related fractures worldwide make the prevention of such injuries a major public health goal .
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and fracture incidence in older adults .
Objective To investigate whether calcium , vitamin D , or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with a lower fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults .