Summary / conclusions The SCAT is the most widely accepted and deployable sport concussion assessment and screening tool currently available .
There is some degree of support for using the SCAT2/SCAT3 and ChildSCAT3 in the evaluation of SRC , with and without baseline data .
The addition of an oculomotor examination seems indicated , although the most valid method for assessing oculomotor function is not clear .
Video-observable signs of concussion show promise , but there is insufficient evidence to warrant widespread use at this time
Objectives Several iterations of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool ( SCAT ) have been published over the past 16 years .
Our goal was to systematic ally review the literature related to the SCAT and provide recommendations for improving the tool .
On-field testing environment and balance error scoring system performance during preseason screening of healthy collegiate baseball players.
CONTEXT To determine if testing environment affects Balance Error Scoring System ( BESS ) scores in healthy collegiate baseball players . DESIGN Experimental , r and omized , repeated- measures design with a sample of convenience . SETTING Uncontrolled sideline and controlled locker room baseball environments . PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 21 healthy collegiate baseball players ( age = 20.1 + /- 1.4 years , height = 185.1 + /- 6.8 cm , mass = 86.3 + /- 9.5 kg ) with no history of head injury within the last 12 months , no lower extremity injuries reported within the past 2 months that caused them to miss 1 or more days of practice or game time , and no history of otitis media , Parkinson disease , or Meniere disease . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Participants performed the  BESS test  in 2 environments , controlled locker room and uncontrolled sideline , in 2 testing sessions 1 week apart during the baseball preseason . The BESS scores were evaluated for each of the 6 conditions and total score across the testing sessions . Separate , paired- sample s t tests with Bonferroni adjustment ( P < .008 ) were used to examine differences between testing environments for each BESS subcategory and total score . Cohen d tests were calculated to evaluate effect sizes and relative change . RESULTS Significant group mean differences were found between testing environments for single-leg foam stance ( P = .001 ) , with higher scores reported for the uncontrolled sideline environment ( 7.33 + /- 2.11 errors ) compared with the controlled clinical environment ( 5.19 + /- 2.16 errors ) . Medium to large effect sizes ( 0.53 to 1.03 ) were also found for single-leg foam , t and em foam , and total BESS scores , with relative increases ( worse scores ) of 30 % to 44 % in the sideline environment compared with the clinical environment . CONCLUSIONS The BESS performance was impaired when participants were tested in a sideline environment compared with a clinical environment . Baseline testing for postural control using the BESS should be conducted in the setting or environment in which testing after injury will most likely be conducted
Summary / conclusions The SCAT is the most widely accepted and deployable sport concussion assessment and screening tool currently available .
There is some degree of support for using the SCAT2/SCAT3 and ChildSCAT3 in the evaluation of SRC , with and without baseline data .
The addition of an oculomotor examination seems indicated , although the most valid method for assessing oculomotor function is not clear .
Video-observable signs of concussion show promise , but there is insufficient evidence to warrant widespread use at this time
Objectives Several iterations of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool ( SCAT ) have been published over the past 16 years .
Our goal was to systematic ally review the literature related to the SCAT and provide recommendations for improving the tool .