Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Gender differences among smokers and quitters in the Working Well Trial.
BACKGROUND Gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation among participants in the Working Well Trial are characterized . METHODS A prospect i ve r and omized matched-pair evaluation was conducted among 90 predominantly blue-collar worksites .  Cross-sectional surveys of employees ' tobacco use behaviors were conducted at baseline and after a 2.5-year smoking cessation intervention .  Respondents included 5,523 females and 12,313 males at baseline and 4,663 females and 10,919 males at follow-up . The main outcome measures included self-reported continuous smoking abstinence rates for 7 days and for 6 months . RESULTS Smoking prevalence was significantly higher for women than for men at baseline , but not at follow-up . Variables believed to influence smoking cessation were compared at baseline . Significant gender differences were found for number of cigarettes smoked/day , number of previous quit attempts , job strain , stage of change , and behavioral processes of change . At follow-up , no gender differences in quit rates were observed ; however , women in the intervention condition were more likely to quit than women in the control condition , whereas no differences were seen among men by treatment condition . CONCLUSIONS Gender is not a strong predictor of smoking cessation in this population ; however , women were more likely to quit with an intervention than without one
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .