In the fixed effect model , the warming group had significantly less pain and lower incidence of wound infection , compared with the no-warming group .
In the r and om effect model , the warming group was also associated with lower risk of post-anesthetic shivering .
Both in the r and om and the fixed effect models , the warming group was associated with significantly less blood loss .
Perioperative warming of surgical patients is effective in reducing postoperative wound pain , wound infection and shivering .
Systemic warming of the surgical patient is also associated with less perioperative blood loss through preventing hypothermia-induced coagulopathy .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematic ally analyze the trials on the effectiveness of perioperative warming in surgical patients .
A prospective, randomized study of cardiopulmonary bypass temperature and blood transfusion.
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) would be associated with decreased blood loss and allogeneic transfusion requirements relative to hypothermic CPB . METHODS After obtaining institutional review board approval and informed patient consent , we conducted a prospect i ve , r and omized study of 79 patients undergoing CPB for a primary cardiac operation at normothermic ( 37 degrees C ) ( n = 44 ) or hypothermic temperature ( 25 degrees C ) ( n = 35 ) .  Blood loss and transfusion requirements in the operating room and for the first 24 hours in the intensive care unit were determined . A paired t test and rank sum tests were used . A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant . RESULTS The normothermic and hypothermic CPB groups did not differ in demographic variables , CPB or cross-clamp duration , heparin sodium or protamine sulfate dose , prothrombin time , or thromboelastogram results . There were no differences between the two CPB groups in blood loss or transfusion requirements . CONCLUSIONS We found that when there was no difference in duration of CPB , normothermic and hypothermic CPB groups demonstrated similar blood loss and transfusion requirements even though other studies have shown hypothermia induces platelet dysfunction and alters the activity of the coagulation cascade
In the fixed effect model , the warming group had significantly less pain and lower incidence of wound infection , compared with the no-warming group .
In the r and om effect model , the warming group was also associated with lower risk of post-anesthetic shivering .
Both in the r and om and the fixed effect models , the warming group was associated with significantly less blood loss .
Perioperative warming of surgical patients is effective in reducing postoperative wound pain , wound infection and shivering .
Systemic warming of the surgical patient is also associated with less perioperative blood loss through preventing hypothermia-induced coagulopathy .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematic ally analyze the trials on the effectiveness of perioperative warming in surgical patients .