CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .
Nutrition and subsequent hip fracture risk among a national cohort of white women.
This study investigated three aspects of general nutritional status ( dietary intake , biochemical markers , and anthropometric measurements )  in relation to subsequent hip fracture risk by using prospect i ve data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES I ) epidemiologic follow-up studies . A cohort of 2,513 white women 45 years and over who participated in the NHANES I survey in 1971 - 1975 were subsequently followed in the three follow-up studies in 1982 - 1984 , 1986 , and 1987 , respectively . Multiple nutritional variables were measured at baseline , and 130 incident hip fractures were identified by hospital records or by death certificates during the follow-up period . Cox regression analyses showed that baseline dietary energy intake ; serum albumin ; and weight , body mass index , skinfold , and arm muscle area were significantly and inversely related to subsequent hip fracture risk ( relative risks for a 1-st and ard deviation increment in these variables ranged from 0.68 to 0.83 ) . The authors suggest that poor nutritional status , evident in inadequate dietary intake , reduced serum albumin , and decreased body mass and soft tissues , increases the risk for subsequent hip fracture . The study also showed that age and previous fracture history were significant risk factors ; however , self-reported physical activity , parity , and alcohol use were not significantly related to subsequent hip fracture
CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .