AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Surgical site infections in a tertiary health care center: Prospective cohort study
Purpose To investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of  surgical site infections ( SSIs ) using the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance ( NNIS ) . Methods A prospect i ve cohort study was conducted at a tertiary health care center . Infection control personnel collected general and health care related data about patients . The NNIS risk index was calculated on the basis of data relating to the operation : wound contamination class , duration of surgery , and the American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) score . Results A total of 5109 surgical procedures were included in the study . The overall cumulative incidence rate was 6.3 % . The incidence of SSIs was 2.3 % ( 63.5 % of operative procedures ) , 8.3 % ( 29.7 % ) , 34.6 % ( 6.2 % ) , and 43.3 % ( 0.6 % ) , in patients with 0 , 1 , 2 , and 3 risk index , respectively . The length of hospital stay ( OR : 1.0 ; 95 % CI : 1.053–1.075 ) , preoperative length of stay ( odds ratio [ OR ] : 1.9 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.953–1.981 ) , antibiotic prophylaxis ( OR : 2.5 ; 95 % CI : 1.421–4.628 ) , drainage ( OR : 1.7 ; 95 % CI : 1.360–2.353 ) , ASA score ( OR : 1.5 ; 95 % CI : 1.235–1.946 ) , class of wound contamination ( OR : 2.0 ; 95 % CI : 1.745–2.003 ) , and NNIS risk index ( OR : 1.3 ; 95 % CI : 1.063–1.7 ) were independently associated with an increased risk for SSIs . Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism , 64 % of them being methicillin-resistant . Conclusion The aim of this study was to investigate the most important risk factors associated with the development of surgical site infections ( SSIs ) . Therefore , greater attention has been given to adherence to recommendations for the prevention and control of SSIs as well as to antibiotic prophylaxis protocol
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .