Conclusions HbA1c is neither sensitive nor specific for detecting pre‐diabetes ; fasting glucose is specific but not sensitive .
Interventions in people classified through screening as having pre‐diabetes have some efficacy in preventing or delaying onset of type 2 diabetes in trial population s. As screening is inaccurate , many people will receives an incorrect diagnosis and be referred on for interventions while others will be falsely reassured and not offered the intervention .
These findings suggest that “ screen and treat ” policies alone are unlikely to have substantial impact on the worsening epidemic of type 2 diabetes .
& NA ; Objectives To assess diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for  pre‐diabetes  and efficacy of interventions ( lifestyle or metformin ) in preventing onset of type 2 diabetes in people with pre‐diabetes .
eulerAPE: Drawing Area-Proportional 3-Venn Diagrams Using Ellipses
Venn  diagrams with three curves are used extensively in various medical and scientific disciplines to visualize relationships between data sets and facilitate data analysis . The area of the regions formed by the overlapping curves is often directly proportional to the cardinality of the depicted set relation or any other related quantitative data . Drawing these diagrams manually is difficult and current automatic drawing methods do not always produce appropriate diagrams . Most methods depict the data sets as circles , as they perceptually pop out as complete distinct objects due to their smoothness and regularity . However , circles can not draw accurate diagrams for most 3-set data and so the generated diagrams often have misleading region areas . Other methods use polygons to draw accurate diagrams . However , polygons are non-smooth and non-symmetric , so the curves are not easily distinguishable and the diagrams are difficult to comprehend . Ellipses are more flexible than circles and are similarly smooth , but none of the current automatic drawing methods use ellipses . We present eulerAPE as the first method and software that uses ellipses for automatically drawing accurate area-proportional Venn diagrams  for 3-set data . We describe the drawing method adopted by eulerAPE and we discuss our evaluation of the effectiveness of  eulerAPE and ellipses for drawing r and om 3-set data . We compare eulerAPE and various other methods that are currently available and we discuss differences between their generated diagrams in terms of accuracy and ease of underst and ing for real world data
Conclusions HbA1c is neither sensitive nor specific for detecting pre‐diabetes ; fasting glucose is specific but not sensitive .
Interventions in people classified through screening as having pre‐diabetes have some efficacy in preventing or delaying onset of type 2 diabetes in trial population s. As screening is inaccurate , many people will receives an incorrect diagnosis and be referred on for interventions while others will be falsely reassured and not offered the intervention .
These findings suggest that “ screen and treat ” policies alone are unlikely to have substantial impact on the worsening epidemic of type 2 diabetes .
& NA ; Objectives To assess diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for  pre‐diabetes  and efficacy of interventions ( lifestyle or metformin ) in preventing onset of type 2 diabetes in people with pre‐diabetes .