The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .
Dietary intake of female bariatric patients after anti-obesity gastroplasty.
PURPOSE Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a popular and successful operation for the treatment of morbid obesity . However , it greatly restricts ingestion and moderately interferes with absorption of food , thus potentially paving the way for undernutrition , especially during the first year before patients adapt to the new condition . Aim ing to document actual dietary intake during this period , a prospect i ve observational study was performed . METHODS Forty consecutive patients were investigated using a 24-hour dietary recall technique  every 3 months after surgery for 1 year . Females only were accepted for greater homogeneity of the sample . All received a vitamin and mineral supplement on a daily basis as a postoperative routine . A question naire was employed regarding general , nutritional , and gastrointestinal changes as well as consumption of medications . Dietary intake was analyzed after data processing using the Virtual Nutri software package ( São Paulo , SP , Brazil ) . RESULTS The surgical response was within the expected range , with about 67 % excess weight loss at the end of the 1st year , and the same occurred with gastrointestinal symptoms and drug requirements . Daily energy intake on the 4 analyzed occasions was 529.4 + /- 47.4 , 710.9 + /- 47.6 , 833.2 + /- 72.0 , and 866.2 + /- 95,1 kcal/day ( mean + /- SEM ) ; protein intake was increased in the same proportion at 6 and 9 months , but reduced at 12 months . Thus , patients did not meet st and ard recommendations regarding calories and proteins , even at the end of the 1st year ; iron and zinc intake were also inadequate , although deficiencies were probably staved off by the prescribed supplement preparation . CONCLUSIONS 1 ) The risk for postoperative undernutrition was evidence d up to 1 year , while spontaneous improvement in food intake was slow and inefficient ; 2 ) Specific protocol s should be devised to improve nutrition and health during the postoperative phase until successful dietary adaptation is achieved
The majority of studies were observational in nature and showed a reduction in energy intake following surgery , as well as inadequate intakes of micronutrients and protein , and an excessive intake of fats .
There was evidence of nutrient imbalances , suboptimal compliance with multivitamin and mineral supplementation , and limited follow-up of patients .
The current evidence base suggests that despite being effective in reducing energy intake , bariatric surgery can result in unbalanced diets , inadequate micronutrient and protein intakes , and excessive intakes of fats .
In combination with suboptimal adherence to multivitamin and mineral supplementation , this may contribute to nutritional deficiencies and weight regain .
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity .
These procedures change the gastrointestinal system with the aim of reducing dietary intake .
Improving diet quality is essential in maintaining nutritional health and achieving long-term benefits from the surgery .
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality at least 1 year after surgery .