Conclusion Our study demonstrates potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and GI Symptoms in ESRD patients .
Background / Objectives We performed this systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptoms in end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) patients .
Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Plasma Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: a Pilot Study
Components present in the diet , l-carnitine , choline , and betaine are metabolized by gut microbiota to produce metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide ( TMAO ) that appear to promote cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) patients . The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation for 3 months on plasma TMAO levels in CKD patients on hemodialysis ( HD ) . A r and omized , double-blind trial was performed in 21 patients [ 54.8 ± 10.4 years , nine men , BMI 26.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2 , dialysis vintage 68.5 ( 34.2–120.7 ) months ] . Ten patients were r and omly allocated to the placebo group and 11 to the probiotic group [ three capsules , totaling 9 × 1013 colony-forming units per day of Streptococcus thermophilus ( KB19 ) , Lactobacillus acidophilus ( KB27 ) , and Bifidobacteria longum ( KB31 ) . Plasma TMAO , choline , and betaine levels were measured by LC-MS/MS at baseline and after 3 months . While TMAO did not change after probiotic supplementation , there was a significant increase in betaine plasma levels . In contrast , the placebo group showed a significant decrease in plasma choline levels . Short-term probiotic supplementation does not appear to influence plasma TMAO levels in HD patients . Long-term studies are needed to determine whether probiotics may affect TMAO production in CKD patients
Conclusion Our study demonstrates potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and GI Symptoms in ESRD patients .
Background / Objectives We performed this systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate effects of probiotics on inflammation , uremic toxins , and gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptoms in end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) patients .