There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Jumping improves hip and lumbar spine bone mass in prepubescent children: a randomized controlled trial.
Physical activity during childhood is advocated as one strategy for enhancing peak bone mass ( bone mineral content [ BMC ] ) as a means to reduce osteoporosis-related fractures . Thus , we investigated the effects of high-intensity jumping on hip and lumbar spine bone mass in children . Eighty-nine prepubescent children between the ages of 5.9 and 9.8 years were r and omized into a  jumping  ( n = 25 boys and n = 20 girls ) or  control group  ( n = 26 boys and n = 18 girls ) . Both groups participated in the 7-month exercise intervention during the school day three times per week . The jumping group performed 100 , two-footed jumps off 61-cm boxes each session , while the control group performed nonimpact stretching exercises .  BMC ( g ) , bone area ( BA ; cm2 ) , and bone mineral density ( BMD ; g/cm2 ) of the left proximal femoral neck and lumbar spine ( L1-L4 ) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ; Hologic QDR/4500-A ) . Peak ground reaction forces were calculated across 100 , two-footed jumps from a 61-cm box . In addition , anthropometric characteristics ( height , weight , and body fat ) , physical activity , and dietary calcium intake were assessed . At baseline there were no differences between groups for anthropometric characteristics , dietary calcium intake , or bone variables . After 7 months , jumpers and controls had similar increases in height , weight , and body fat . Using repeated measures analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ; covariates , initial age and bone values , and changes in height and weight ) for BMC , the primary outcome variable , jumpers had significantly greater 7-month changes at the femoral neck and lumbar spine than controls ( 4.5 % and 3.1 % , respectively ) . In repeated measures ANCOVA of secondary outcomes ( BMD and BA ) , BMD at the lumbar spine was significantly greater in jumpers than in controls ( 2.0 % ) and approached statistical significance at the femoral neck ( 1.4 % ; p = 0.085 ) . For BA , jumpers had significantly greater increases at the femoral neck area than controls ( 2.9 % ) but were not different at the spine . Our data indicate that jumping at ground reaction forces of eight times body weight is a safe , effective , and simple method of improving bone mass at the hip and spine in children . This program could be easily incorporated into physical education classes
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .