Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study.
BACKGROUND Telomeres are protective DNA-protein complexes at the end of linear chromosomes that promote chromosomal stability . Telomere shortness in human beings is emerging as a prognostic marker of disease risk , progression , and premature mortality in many types of cancer , including breast , prostate , colorectal , bladder , head and neck , lung , and renal cell . Telomere shortening is counteracted by the cellular enzyme telomerase . Lifestyle factors known to promote cancer and cardiovascular disease might also adversely affect telomerase function . However , previous studies have not addressed whether improvements in nutrition and lifestyle are associated with increases in telomerase activity . We aim ed to assess whether 3 months of intensive lifestyle changes increased telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC ) . METHODS 30 men with biopsy-diagnosed low-risk prostate cancer were asked to make comprehensive lifestyle changes . The primary endpoint was telomerase enzymatic activity per viable cell , measured at baseline and after 3 months . 24 patients had sufficient P BMC s needed for longitudinal analysis . This study is registered on the Clinical Trials.gov website , number NCT00739791 . FINDINGS P BMC telomerase activity expressed as natural logarithms increased from 2.00 ( SD 0.44 ) to 2.22 ( SD 0.49 ; p=0.031 ) . Raw values of telomerase increased from 8.05 ( SD 3.50 ) st and ard arbitrary units to 10.38 ( SD 6.01 ) st and ard arbitrary units . The increases in telomerase activity were significantly associated with decreases in low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol ( r=-0.36 , p=0.041 ) and decreases in psychological distress ( r=-0.35 , p=0.047 ) . INTERPRETATION Comprehensive lifestyle changes significantly increase telomerase activity and consequently telomere maintenance capacity in human immune-system cells . Given this finding and the pilot nature of this study , we report these increases in telomerase activity as a significant association rather than inferring causation . Larger r and omised controlled trials are warranted to confirm the findings of this study
Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?