Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .
Postoperative pain control in cats: clinical trials with medetomidine and butorphanol.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the analgesic effects of medetomidine ( MED ) and butorphanol ( BTO ) in cats after ovariohysterectomy . STUDY DESIGN A placebo-controlled , blinded monocenter clinical study . ANIMALS Healthy adult female client-owned cats . METHODS Sixty-four cats weighing 3.15 + /- 0.6 kg , presented to the University of Helsinki 's Small Animal Teaching Hospital for routine elective ovariohysterectomy  , received MED at 15 microg/kg ( n = 18 ) , BTO at 0.1 mg/kg ( n = 23 ) , or saline ( PL ) ( n = 23 ) intramuscularly immediately after ovariohysterectomy . Level of pain perception , degree of restlessness , and extent of sedation were scored subjectively before and at 30 , 60 , 90 , and 120 minutes after test-drug administration . RESULTS BTO provided the best pain relief , followed by MED . Saline provided the least pain relief . Both MED and BTO effectively and identically prevented postoperative restlessness . MED and BTO produced an identical degree of sedation that was better than the PL . CONCLUSIONS Both MED ( at 15 microg/kg ) and BTO ( at 0.1 mg/kg ) prevent postoperative pain in cats after ovariohysterectomy . Clinical Relevance -MED and BTO are useful for preventing postoperative pain in cats
Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .