Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Fish oil as an adjuvant in the treatment of hypertension.
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on blood pressure control and lipid levels . DESIGN Double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omized study . SETTING Veterans Affairs Medical Center teaching hospital . PATIENTS Twenty-one men whose blood pressure was not optimally controlled with antihypertensive agents , who met the inclusion criteria . INTERVENTIONS Patients were r and omized to receive either fish oil ( 4.5 g omega-3 fatty acids/day ) or placebo . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood pressure readings were taken at baseline , and 4 and 8 weeks . Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced in the fish oil group at both week 4 ( 148/97 to 132/90 , p < 0.05 ) and week 8 ( 148/97 to 134/91 , p < 0.05 ) . Sitting diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in the placebo group at week 8 ( 94 to 88 , p < 0.05 ) . There was no difference in percentage change of sitting systolic and diastolic pressures at week 8 comparing the placebo group ( -6.4 % and -6.3 % , respectively ) and the fish oil group ( -8.8 % and -6.6 % , respectively ) . Triglyceride levels ( -40.9 % , p < 0.05 ) and platelet counts ( -8.7 % , p < 0.05 ) were significantly reduced at 4 weeks , and low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol levels were significantly increased both at 4 and 8 weeks ( 13.5 % and 19.1 % , respectively ) in the fish oil group . CONCLUSION Adjunctive fish oil supplementation did not substantially augment blood pressure lowering in treated hypertensive men with suboptimally controlled blood pressure . Effects on plasma lipid values were mixed , with an increase in LDL cholesterol and a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .