Our results suggest a high rate of lifetime concurrent anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder .
The diagnostic issues at the interface are particularly difficult because of the substantial symptom overlap .
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder has a high rate of comorbidity with a multitude of psychiatric disorders and medical conditions .
Among all the potential comorbidities , co-existing anxiety disorders st and out due to their high prevalence .
AIMS To determine the lifetime prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders in bipolar affective disorder under the care of psychiatric services through systematic review and meta- analysis .
Response of patients with panic disorder and symptoms of hypomania to cognitive behavior therapy for panic.
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this cohort study was to determine in patients with Panic Disorder ( PD ) : ( 1 ) . the prevalence of subsyndromal symptoms of hypomania , and ( 2 ) . whether subsyndromal hypomania symptoms affect the outcome of cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) for panic . METHODS Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule , and DSM-III-R criteria we identified 18 individuals with a history of symptoms of hypomania among 56 patients with PD . Patients were treated in an open CBT group program . They were assessed before treatment and 6 and 12 months later . We used the  Brief Symptom Inventory ( BSI ) , the Perceived Stress Scale ( PSS ) , the Pearlin-Schooler Mastery Scale ( PMS ) , and the Social Adjustment Scale ( SAS )  at all assessment s. RESULTS The total group significantly improved on all measures . The Clinical ly Significant Change was 71.4 % and the Reliable Change Index 48.2 % . Between 6 and 12 months , there was a trend for the hypomania symptom subgroup ( PH ) to continue to improve on the BSI Depression Scale , the Perceived Stress Scale , the Pearlin-Schooler Mastery Scale , and the Social Adjustment Scale but to lose gains on the BSI Phobic Anxiety and Somatization subscales compared with the group without symptoms of hypomania ( PNH ) . CONCLUSIONS Thirty-two percent of patients with PD had symptoms of hypomania . With CBT for panic , patients with PD and symptoms of hypomania improve as much as those without hypomania symptoms . The presence or absence of symptoms of hypomania might help explain the inconsistent effects of depression and personality disorders on the treatment of PD
Our results suggest a high rate of lifetime concurrent anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder .
The diagnostic issues at the interface are particularly difficult because of the substantial symptom overlap .
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder has a high rate of comorbidity with a multitude of psychiatric disorders and medical conditions .
Among all the potential comorbidities , co-existing anxiety disorders st and out due to their high prevalence .
AIMS To determine the lifetime prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders in bipolar affective disorder under the care of psychiatric services through systematic review and meta- analysis .