This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Post-operative nausea and vomiting in out-patient gynecologic laparoscopy: a comparison of thiopental-nitrous oxide, propofol-nitrous oxide and total intravenous anesthesia using propofol.
An intravenous anesthetic drug , propofol was considered to pose antiemetic action . A r and omized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate whether propofol could effectively reduce  post-operative nausea and vomiting ( PONV )  compared to thiopental-nitrous oxide ( N2O ) .  One-hundred and eight patients undergoing outpatient gynecologic laparoscopy were assigned to receive 3 techniques of anesthesia ; thiopental-N2O ( T/N ) , propofol-N2O ( P/N ) and total intravenous anesthesia ( TIVA ) using propofol ( P/P ) . The results showed that in the early period ( 0 - 5 hours ) , post-operative nausea in T/N , P/N and P/P groups was 72 per cent , 44 per cent and 31 per cent , respectively ( P = 0.002 ) , and post-operative vomiting was 58 per cent , 36 per cent and 11 per cent respectively ( P = 0.00014 ) . Patients in the P/N and P/P groups experienced nausea less frequently than the T/N group [ relative risk ( RR ) = 0.62 , ( 95 % CI 0.41 - 0.93 ) and RR = 0.42 ( 0.25 - 0.72 ) respectively ] . Patients in the P/N and P/P groups experienced vomiting less frequently than the T/N group [ RR = 0.62 ( 0.37 - 1.04 ) and RR = 0.19 ( 0.07 - 0.5 ) respectively ] . Two patients in the T/N group were admitted because of severe nausea and vomiting . In conclusion , TIVA using propofol and propofol-N2O anesthesia can significantly reduce the incidence of PONV in the early period . Concerning the economic crisis of the country as well as the quality of care , propofol-N2O would be the most appropriate anesthetic of choice
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .