Conclusions Study -level data from this systemic review establish that different lipid lowering agents can lead to discordance between LDL-P and LDL-C , therefore , basing LDL-lowering therapy only on the achievement of cholesterol goals may result in a treatment gap .
Therefore , the use of LDL-P for monitoring lipid-lowering therapy , particularly for statins , can provide a more accurate assessment of residual cardiovascular risk
Purpose This systematic review was performed to summarize published experience using low density lipoprotein particle number ( LDL-P ) to monitor the efficacy of  lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies .
Safety and efficacy of extended-release niacin for the treatment of dyslipidaemia in patients with HIV infection: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5148.
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is very common in patients with HIV infection , but current therapies are often suboptimal . Since niacin may cause insulin resistance and hepatotoxicity , it has generally been avoided in this setting . METHODS Non-diabetic male subjects ( n=33 ) who had well-controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy , fasting triglycerides > or = 2.26 mmol/l and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( non-HDL-C ) > or = 4.66 mmol/l received escalating doses of extended-release niacin ( ERN ) up to 2,000 mg nightly for up to 44 weeks . RESULTS Fourteen subjects ( 42 % ) had pre-diabetes at entry . Twenty-three subjects ( 70 % ) received the maximum dose , eight ( 24 % ) received 1,500 mg . Niacin was well-tolerated . Only four subjects ( 12 % ) discontinued study treatment . There were small increases in fasting glycaemia and insulin resistance estimated by the homeostasis model assessment , but insulin resistance measures from the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test only transiently worsened . No subject developed persistent fasting hyperglycaemia ; one had persistently elevated 2-h glucose > 11.1 mmol/l . There were no significant changes in serum transaminases or uric acid . At week 48 , the median change in fasting lipid levels in mmol/l ( interquartile range ) were : total cholesterol -0.21 ( -1.35 , -0.05 ) , HDL-C + 0.013 ( -0.03,+0.28 ) , non-HDL-C -0.49 ( -1.37,+0.08 ) and triglycerides -1.73 ( -3.68 , -0.72 ) . Favourable changes in large HDL and large very low density lipoprotein particle concentration were observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy . CONCLUSIONS ERN in doses up to 2,000 mg daily was safe , well-tolerated and efficacious in HIV-infected subjects with atherogenic dyslipidaemia .  Increases in glycaemia and insulin resistance tended to be transient
Conclusions Study -level data from this systemic review establish that different lipid lowering agents can lead to discordance between LDL-P and LDL-C , therefore , basing LDL-lowering therapy only on the achievement of cholesterol goals may result in a treatment gap .
Therefore , the use of LDL-P for monitoring lipid-lowering therapy , particularly for statins , can provide a more accurate assessment of residual cardiovascular risk
Purpose This systematic review was performed to summarize published experience using low density lipoprotein particle number ( LDL-P ) to monitor the efficacy of  lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies .