68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Team-Based Care: Impact of Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration on Uncontrolled Hypertension
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effectiveness of collaborative management of hypertension by primary care-pharmacist teams in community-based clinics . STUDY DESIGN A 12-month prospect i ve , single-blind , r and omized , controlled trial in the Providence Primary Care Research Network of patients with hypertension and uncontrolled blood pressure . METHODS As compared to usual primary care , intervention consisted of pharmacy practitioners participating in the active management of hypertension  in the primary care office according to established collaborative treatment protocol s. At baseline , there was no significant difference in blood pressure between groups . Primary outcome measures were the differences in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures between arms at study end . Secondary measures included blood pressure goal attainment ( < 140/90 mmHg ) , hypertension-related knowledge , medication adherence , home blood pressure monitoring , re source utilization , quality of life , and satisfaction . RESULTS A total of 463 subjects were enrolled ( n = 233 control , n = 230 intervention ) . Subjects receiving the intervention achieved significantly lower systolic ( p = 0.007 ) and diastolic ( p = 0.002 ) blood pressures compared to control ( 137/75 mmHg vs. 143/78 mmHg ) . In addition , 62 % of intervention subjects achieved target blood pressure compared to 44 % of control subjects ( p = 0.003 ) . The intervention group received more total office visits ( 7.2 vs. 4.9 , p < 0.0001 ) , however had fewer physician visits ( 3.2 vs. 4.7 , p < 0.0001 ) compared to control . Intervention subjects were prescribed more antihypertensive medications ( 2.7 vs. 2.4 , p = 0.02 ) , but did not take more antihypertensive pills per day ( 2.4 vs. 2.5 , p = 0.87 ) . There were minimal differences between groups in hypertension-related knowledge , medication adherence , quality of life , or satisfaction . CONCLUSIONS Patients r and omized to collaborative primary care-pharmacist hypertension management achieved significantly better blood pressure control compared to usual care with no difference in quality of life or satisfaction
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .