Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .
Effect of communicating DNA based risk assessments for Crohn’s disease on smoking cessation: randomised controlled trial
Objective To test the hypothesis that communicating risk of developing Crohn ’s disease based on genotype and that stopping smoking can reduce this risk , motivates behaviour change among smokers at familial risk . Design Parallel group , cluster r and omised controlled trial . Setting Families with Crohn ’s disease in the United Kingdom . Participants 497 smokers ( mean age 42.6 ( SD 14.4 ) years ) who were first degree relatives of prob and s with Crohn ’s disease , with outcomes assessed on 209/251 ( based on DNA analysis ) and 217/246 ( st and ard risk assessment ) . Intervention Communication of risk assessment for Crohn ’s disease by postal booklet based on family history of the disease and smoking status alone , or with additional DNA analysis for the NOD2 genotype . Participants were then telephoned by a National Health Service Stop Smoking counsellor to review the booklet and deliver brief st and ard smoking cessation intervention . Calls were tape recorded and a r and om sub sample selected to assess fidelity to the clinical protocol . Main outcome measure The primary outcome was smoking cessation for 24 hours or longer , assessed at six months . Results The proportion of participants stopping smoking for 24 hours or longer did not differ between arms : 35 % ( 73/209 ) in the DNA arm versus 36 % ( 78/217 ) in the non-DNA arm ( difference −1 % , 95 % confidence interval −10 % to 8 % , P=0.83 ) . The proportion making a quit attempt within the DNA arm did not differ between those who were told they had mutations putting them at increased risk ( 36 % ) , those told they had none ( 35 % ) , and those in the non-DNA arm ( 36 % ) . Conclusion Among relatives of patients with Crohn ’s disease , feedback of DNA based risk assessment s does not motivate behaviour change to reduce risk any more or less than st and ard risk assessment . These findings accord with those across a range of population s and behaviours . They do not support the promulgation of commercial DNA based tests nor the search for gene variants that confer increased risk of common complex diseases on the basis that they effectively motivate health related behaviour change . Trial registration Current Controlled Trials IS RCT N21633644
Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .