Using r and om-effects models , estrogen replacement therapy showed an increase in bone mineral density [ weighted mean change from baseline 0.09 g/cm2 ( 0.04–0.14 ) ] that differed by type of estrogen but not route of administration .
Oral estrogen replacement therapy showed a higher increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared to transdermal [ weighted mean difference 9.33 mg/dl ( 4.82–13.85 ) ] with no significant effect on other lipid fractions .
The current evidence suggests possible benefit of estrogen replacement therapy  on bone mineral density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol .
Patients with Turner syndrome have adverse bone and cardiovascular outcomes from chronic estrogen deficiency .
Hence , long-term estrogen replacement therapy is the cornerstone treatment .
The estimates of its effect and optimal use , however , remain uncertain .
We aim ed to summarize the benefits and harms of estrogen replacement therapy on bone , cardiovascular , vasomotor and quality of life outcomes in patients with Turner syndrome .
Mortality ratios, life expectancy, and causes of death in patients with Turner's syndrome.
In a prospect i ve study of 156 female patients with Turner 's syndrome who had survived infancy and been followed up for an average of 17 years there were 15 deaths . The expected mortality was 3.6 . Sixteen of the patients had a congenital heart anomaly and five of the deaths occurred in this group . The 10 deaths in the remaining 140 were three times as many as expected . The reduction in life expectation was 12.5 years at age 1 year , 11 years at age 20 , and 10 years at age 40 . Deaths were due to a broad spectrum of diseases . In the sample as a whole there were eight deaths from diseases of the circulatory system . This number is significantly greater than expected , but four were due to congenital heart disease . When patients with congenital heart disease were omitted from the sample the mortality from circulatory disorders was not significantly increased . Within the category of circulatory disorders there were three deaths from dissection of the aorta , a number which is greatly in excess of the expected . Two of these patients had no previous evidence of heart disease
Using r and om-effects models , estrogen replacement therapy showed an increase in bone mineral density [ weighted mean change from baseline 0.09 g/cm2 ( 0.04–0.14 ) ] that differed by type of estrogen but not route of administration .
Oral estrogen replacement therapy showed a higher increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared to transdermal [ weighted mean difference 9.33 mg/dl ( 4.82–13.85 ) ] with no significant effect on other lipid fractions .
The current evidence suggests possible benefit of estrogen replacement therapy  on bone mineral density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol .
Patients with Turner syndrome have adverse bone and cardiovascular outcomes from chronic estrogen deficiency .
Hence , long-term estrogen replacement therapy is the cornerstone treatment .
The estimates of its effect and optimal use , however , remain uncertain .
We aim ed to summarize the benefits and harms of estrogen replacement therapy on bone , cardiovascular , vasomotor and quality of life outcomes in patients with Turner syndrome .