68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
Pharmacist-physician comanagement of hypertension and reduction in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures.
BACKGROUND Pharmacist-physician comanagement of hypertension has been shown to improve office blood pressures ( BPs ) . We sought to describe the effect of such a model on 24-hour ambulatory BPs . METHODS We performed a prospect i ve , cluster-r and omized , controlled clinical trial , enrolling 179 patients with uncontrolled hypertension from 5 primary care clinics in Iowa City , Iowa . Patients were r and omized by clinic to receive pharmacist-physician collaborative management of hypertension ( intervention ) or  usual care ( control ) for a 9-month period . In the intervention group , pharmacists helped patients to identify barriers to BP control , counseled on lifestyle and dietary modifications , and adjusted antihypertensive therapy in collaboration with the patients ' primary care providers . Patients were seen by pharmacists a minimum of every 2 months . Ambulatory BP was measured at baseline and at study end . RESULTS Baseline and end-of- study ambulatory BP profiles were evaluated for 175 patients . Mean ( SD ) ambulatory systolic BPs ( SBPs ) , reported in millimeters of mercury , were reduced more in the intervention group than in the control group : daytime change in ( Δ ) SBP , 15.2 ( 11.5 ) vs 5.5 ( 13.5 ) ( P < .001 ) ; nighttime ΔSBP , 12.2 ( 14.8 ) vs 3.4 ( 13.3 ) ( P < .001 ) ; and 24-hour ΔSBP , 14.1 ( 11.3 ) vs 5.5 ( 12.5 ) ( P < .001 ) . More patients in the intervention group than in the control group had their BP controlled at the end of the study ( 75.0 % vs 50.7 % ) ( P < .001 ) , as defined by overall 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring . CONCLUSION Pharmacist-physician collaborative management of hypertension achieved consistent and significantly greater reduction in 24-hour BP and a high rate of BP control . Trial Registration clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00201045
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .