The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
Pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Ten control ( healthy ) subjects and 15 non-insulin-dependent diabetics underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp before and after vitamin E supplementation ( 900 mg/d for 4 mo ) . In control subjects ( placebo-treated vs vitamin E-supplemented subjects , respectively ) vitamin E reduced the area under the curve for glucose ( 344 + /- 21 vs 287 + /- 13 mmol . L-1 x min-1 ; P < 0.05 ) and increased total body glucose disposal ( 39.0 + /- 0.3 vs 47.6 + /- 0.4 mumol.kg lean body mass-1 x min-1 ; P < 0.05 ) and non-oxidative glucose metabolism ( 23.4 + /- 0.2 vs 30.8 + /- 0.3 mumol.kg lean body mass-1 x min-1 ; P < 0.05 ) . In diabetics ( placebo-treated vs vitamin E-supplemented subjects , respectively ) vitamin E supplementation reduced glucose area under the curve ( 614 + /- 129 vs 544 + /- 98 mmol . L-1 x min-1 ; P < 0.03 ) and increased glucose disappearance ( 19.4 + /- 0.4 vs 26.4 + /- 0.7 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1 ; P < 0.03 ) , total glucose disposal ( 19.0 + /- 0.7 vs 28.1 + /- 0.4 mumol.kg lean body mass-1 x min-1 ; P < 0.02 ) , and nonoxidative glucose metabolism ( 8.5 + /- 0.3 vs 13.9 + /- 0.3 mumol.kg lean body mass-1 x min-1 ; P < 0.02 ) . Therefore we conclude that administration of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E is a useful tool to reduce oxidative stress and improve insulin action
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .