Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .
Potato and french fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
BACKGROUND Potatoes , a high glycemic form of carbohydrate , are hypothesized to increase insulin resistance and risk of  type 2 diabetes . OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine prospect ively the relation between potato consumption and the risk of  type 2 diabetes .  DESIGN We conducted a prospect i ve study of 84,555 women in the Nurses ' Health Study . At baseline , the women were aged 34 - 59 y , had no history of chronic disease , and completed a vali date d food-frequency  question naire . The participants were followed for 20 y with repeated assessment of diet . RESULTS We documented 4496 new cases of type 2 diabetes .  Potato and french fry consumption were both positively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age and dietary and nondietary factors . The multivariate relative risk ( RR ) in a comparison between the highest and the lowest quintile of potato intake was 1.14 ( 95 % CI : 1.02 , 1.26 ; P for trend = 0.009 ) . The multivariate RR in a comparison between the highest and the lowest quintile of french fry intake was 1.21 ( 95 % CI : 1.09 , 1.33 ; P for trend < 0.0001 ) . The RR of type 2 diabetes was 1.18 ( 95 % CI : 1.03 , 1.35 ) for 1 daily serving of potatoes and 1.16 ( 95 % CI : 1.05 , 1.29 ) for 2 weekly servings of french fries . The RR of type 2 diabetes for substituting 1 serving potatoes/d for 1 serving whole grains/d was 1.30 ( 95 % CI : 1.08 , 1.57 ) . The association between potato consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes was more pronounced in obese women . CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a modest positive association between the consumption of potatoes  and the  risk of type 2 diabetes in women . This association was more pronounced when potatoes were substituted for whole grains
Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .