Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .
Soft drink and juice consumption and risk of physician-diagnosed incident type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Soft drinks and other sweetened beverages may contribute to risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity . However , research has not addressed higher risk and Asian population s. The authors examined the association between soft drinks and juice and the risk of  type 2 diabetes among Chinese Singaporeans enrolled in a prospect i ve cohort study of 43,580 participants aged 45 - 74 years and free of diabetes and other chronic diseases at baseline . The incidence of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes was assessed by interview and vali date d ; 2,273 participants developed diabetes during follow-up . After adjustment for potential lifestyle and dietary confounders , participants consuming > or = 2 soft drinks per week had a relative risk of type 2 diabetes of 1.42 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 1.25 , 1.62 ) compared with those who rarely consumed soft drinks . Similarly , consumption of > or = 2 juice beverages per week was associated with an increased risk ( relative risk ( RR ) = 1.29 , 95 % CI : 1.05 , 1.58 ) . The association was modified by 5-year weight gain for > or = 2 soft drinks per week among those who gained > or =3 kg ( RR = 1.70 , 95 % CI : 1.34 , 2.16 ) compared with those who gained less weight ( RR = 1.20 , 95 % CI : 1.03 , 1.41 ) . Relatively frequent intake of soft drinks and juice is associated with an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes in Chinese men and women
Most systematic review s and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and , in the case of fructose , may even have advantages for glycaemic control , especially at small doses .
Nevertheless , trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects , effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar .
There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects , although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets .
Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases , including diabetes .
High-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners .
Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety .
Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide .
This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure .