No significant difference was found between other treatments .
Conclusion Compared with antimuscarinic drugs , PTENS was associated with significant better efficacy considering MVV , but more constipation events in de novo OAB children .
Antimuscarinic drugs showed remarkably better efficacy considering MVV and comparable safety profile compared with urotherapy .
Objective To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder ( OAB ) in children through network meta- analysis ( NMA ) .
Slow-transit constipation with concurrent upper gastrointestinal dysmotility and its response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Purpose Transcutaneous electrical stimulation ( TES ) speeds up colonic transit in children with slow-transit constipation ( STC ) . This study examined if concurrent upper gastrointestinal dysmotility ( UGD ) affected response to TES . Methods  Radio-nuclear transit studies ( NTS ) were performed before and after TES treatment of STC as part of a larger r and omised controlled trial . UGD was defined as delayed gastric emptying and /or slow small bowel transit . Improvement was defined as increase of ≥1 Geometric Centre ( median radiotracer position at each time [ small bowel = 1 , toilet = 6 ] ) . Results Forty-six subjects completed the trial , 34 had NTS after stimulation ( 21 M , 8–17 years , mean 11.3 years ; symptoms > 9 years ) . Active stimulation increased transit in > 50 % versus only 25 % with sham ( p = 0.04 ) . Seventeen children also had UGD  . In children with STC and either normal upper GI motility ( NUGM ) and UGD , NTS improved slightly after 1 month ( 57 vs. 60 % ; p = 0.9 ) and more after 2 months ( 88 vs. 40 % ; p = 0.07 ) . However , mean transit rate significantly increased with NUGM , but not UGD ( 5.0 ± 0.2 : 3.6 ± 0.6 , p < 0.01 ) . Conclusion Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was beneficial for STC , with response weakly associated with UGD . As measured by NTS , STC children with NUGM responded slightly more , but with significantly greater increased transit compared to those with UGD . Higher numbers are needed to determine if the difference is important
No significant difference was found between other treatments .
Conclusion Compared with antimuscarinic drugs , PTENS was associated with significant better efficacy considering MVV , but more constipation events in de novo OAB children .
Antimuscarinic drugs showed remarkably better efficacy considering MVV and comparable safety profile compared with urotherapy .
Objective To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder ( OAB ) in children through network meta- analysis ( NMA ) .