3 : It is suggested that deep breathing exercises provide the same benefit as incentive spirometry in the preoperative and postoperative setting to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications .
Postoperative pulmonary complications after gynecologic surgery.
OBJECTIVE Investigate the frequency of , and risks for postoperative  pulmonary complications after surgery for non-malignant gynecologic disorders . METHOD A retrospective component included medical record data for one year . A prospect i ve component enrolled 300 patients consecutively who were scheduled for gynecologic surgeries .  RESULT Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 1.22 % of 328 open abdominal procedures in the retrospective study , and 2.16 % of 232 in the prospect i ve study . Pooling the data yielded a frequency estimate of 1.61 % . Mean hospital length of stay ( pooled data ) increased 1.75 days in those with postoperative pulmonary complications . Smoking was the only significant risk factor ( relative risk=3.9 using pooled data ) . CONCLUSION Postoperative pulmonary complications after surgery for non-malignant gynecologic disorders are infrequent but increase hospital length of stay . Smokers are at increased risk
3 : It is suggested that deep breathing exercises provide the same benefit as incentive spirometry in the preoperative and postoperative setting to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications .