Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .
Physical therapy and mobility 2 and 6 months after hip fracture.
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between early physical therapy ( PT ) , later therapy , and  mobility  2 and 6 months after hip fracture . DESIGN Prospect i ve , multisite observational study . SETTING Four hospitals in the New York City area . PARTICIPANTS Four hundred forty-three hospitalized older patients discharged after surgery for hip fracture in 1997 - 98 . MEASUREMENTS Patient demographics , fracture type , comorbidities , dementia , number of new impairments at discharge , amount of PT  between day of surgery and postoperative day ( POD ) 3 , amount of therapy  between POD4 and 8 weeks later , and prefracture , 2- , and 6-month mobility measured using the Functional Independence Measure . RESULTS More PT immediately after hip fracture surgery was associated with significantly better locomotion 2 months later . Each additional session from the day of surgery through POD3 was associated with an increase of 0.4 points ( P=.032 ) on the 14-point locomotion scale , but the positive relationship between early PT and mobility was attenuated by 6 months postfracture . There was no association between later therapy and 2- or 6-month mobility . CONCLUSION PT immediately after hip fracture surgery is beneficial . The effects of later therapy on mobility were difficult to assess because of limitations of the data . Well- design ed r and omized , controlled trials of the effect of varying schedules and amounts of therapy on functional status after hip fracture would be informative
Overall , moderate evidence suggests that nerve blockades are effective for relieving acute pain and reducing delirium .
Low-level evidence suggests that preoperative traction does not reduce acute pain .
Nerve blockade seems to be effective in reducing acute pain after hip fracture .
Sparse data preclude firm conclusions about the relative benefits or harms of many other pain management interventions for patients with hip fracture .
BACKGROUND  Pain management  is integral to the management of hip fracture .
PURPOSE To review the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for managing pain  after hip fracture .