There was no effect on waist circumference , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure with the direction of effect favouring tree nuts for waist circumference .
Pooled analyses show a MetS benefit of tree nuts through modest decreases in triglycerides and fasting blood glucose with no adverse effects on other criteria across nut types .
OBJECTIVE To provide a broader evidence summary to inform dietary guidelines of the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .
Effect of diets enriched in almonds on insulin action and serum lipids in adults with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND Nuts appear to have cardiovascular benefits but their effect in diabetic patients is unclear . OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess effects of almond-enriched diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in patients with normoglycemia or type 2 diabetes . DESIGN Study 1 assessed the effect of almonds on insulin sensitivity in 20 free-living healthy volunteers who received 100 g almonds/d for 4 wk . Study 2 was a r and omized crossover study that compared 4 diets in 30 volunteers with type 2 diabetes : 1 ) high-fat , high-almond ( HFA ; 37 % total fat , 10 % from almonds ) ; 2 ) low-fat , high-almond ( LFA ; 25 % total fat , 10 % from almonds ) ; 3 ) high-fat control ( HFC ; 37 % total fat , 10 % from olive or canola oil ) ; and 4 ) low-fat control ( LFC ; 25 % total fat , 10 % from olive or canola oil ) . After each 4-wk diet , serum lipids and oral glucose tolerance were measured . RESULTS In study 1 , almond consumption did not change insulin sensitivity significantly , although body weight increased and total and LDL cholesterol decreased by 21 % and 29 % , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . In study 2 , total cholesterol was lowest with the HFA diet ( 4.46 + /- 0.14 , 4.52 + /- 0.14 , 4.63 + /- 0.14 , and 4.63 + /- 0.14 mmol/L with the HFA , HFC , LFA , and LFC diets , respectively ; P = 0.0004 for fat level ) . HDL cholesterol was significantly lower with the almond diets ( P = 0.002 ) ; however , no significant effect of fat source on LDL : HDL was observed . Glycemia was unaffected . CONCLUSIONS Almond-enriched diets do not alter insulin sensitivity in healthy adults or glycemia in patients with diabetes . Almonds had beneficial effects on serum lipids in healthy adults and produced changes similar to high monounsaturated fat oils in diabetic patients
There was no effect on waist circumference , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure with the direction of effect favouring tree nuts for waist circumference .
Pooled analyses show a MetS benefit of tree nuts through modest decreases in triglycerides and fasting blood glucose with no adverse effects on other criteria across nut types .
OBJECTIVE To provide a broader evidence summary to inform dietary guidelines of the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .