There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Characteristics influencing changes in aerobic performance of children aged 7-9.
Interpretation of the actual level of aerobic endurance in a growing child is difficult . Endurance capacity per se is influenced by a number of factors , e.g. by genetic endowment , developmental rate , body composition and habitual physical activity . The respective effects of these factors can not be distinctly separated from one another , so their particular role is not clearly definable in the various age periods . The aim of our investigation was to define the actual level of aerobic endurance performance in children aged 7 - 9 , and to analyse the relevant factors that may affect this kind of performance according to the different level of sport activities . Two primary school classes ( N=42 ) were selected for the experiment . Both groups had physical education classes every day ( five times a week ) . One group ( AG , N=31 ) consisted of children taking part in regular sport courses at least twice a week ( e.g. basket ball , karate , triathlon swimming and gymnastics )  , as well , the other group ( NAG , N=11 ) served as comparison group . Aerobic performance was estimated by measuring cardiorespiratory response during a Jaeger treadmill run using a " vita maxima " ( all-out ) testing protocol . The subjects were measured in the Laboratory for Spiroergometry of the Hungarian University of Physical Education twice , in 1997 and 1998 .  Body composition was assessed by the Drinkwater-Ross [ 4 ] body mass fractionation technique . Robustness of the body was described by using the plastic index ( PLX ) of Conrad 's growth type [ 2 ] , morphological age ( MORF AGE ) was estimated by using the method of Mészáros and Mohácsi [ 5 ] . Exercise performance was studied in the laboratory by using a Jaeger 6000 LE model treadmill and a Jaeger mu- DATA SPIR model gas analyser . The functional status of the subjects ' cardiopulmonary system was estimated by spiroergometric parameters and total mechanical work ( WORK ) . The AG group had a better endurance performance in 1998 than that of non-athletic group . A factor analytic study ( principal component method ) of the employed variables revealed that the higher level of endurance fitness in the athletic group was not only affected by growth in size , but also by an increased level of cardiorespiratory performance capacity
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .