Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .
The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Background Diabetes mellitus ( DM ) and chronic inflammation are strongly related to increased cardiovascular risk . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an aerobic training programme would ameliorate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 DM . Design Interventional study . Methods A total of 60 overweight individuals with type 2 DM , but without vascular complications , were r and omly assigned to either a 6-month aerobic exercise training programme ( four times/week , 45 - 60 min/session ) , design ated as exercise group , or to the control group .  All participants were on an oral antidiabetic regimen and none was receiving lipid-lowering medications . Anthropometric parameters , cardiorespiratory fitness , glycaemic and lipid profiles , high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs CRP ) , adiponectin , interleukin (IL)-10 , IL-18 , tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a , insulin , reciprocal index of homoeostasis model assessment ( HOMA-IR ) , body fat and blood pressure ( BP ) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study . Results In comparison with baseline and control group , exercise-treated patients improved glucose control , lipid profile , exercise capacity ( Vo2 peak ) and exhibited decreased insulin resistance and systolic BP considerably ( P < 0.05 ) . Plasma adiponectin , TNF-α and body weight changed slightly across treatment ( P > 0.05 ) , whereas diastolic BP and fat mass tended to decrease ( P = 0.071 and 0.061 , respectively ) . Exercise training  reduced hs CRP ( from 0.48 ± 0.16 to 0.29 ± 0.2 mg/dl ; P = 0.04 ) and IL-18 ( from 315.19 ± 122.76 to 203.77 ± 96.02 pg/ml ; P = 0.02 ) . Moreover , exercise  provided anti-inflammatory protection through IL-10 increment ( P = 0.039 ) and IL-18/IL-10 ratio downregulation ( P = 0.014 ) . In multiple regression analysis , alteration in IL-18 was independently correlated with hs CRP and Vo2 peak changes ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion Aerobic exercise training without significant weight loss improves metabolic profile and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type 2 DM . Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14 : 837 - 843 © 2007 The European Society of
Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .