As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Improvement in Depressive Symptoms Is Associated with Reduced Oxidative Damage and Inflammatory Response in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Subsyndromal Depression: The Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Psychoeducation, Physical Exercise, and Enhanced Treatment as Usual
Aims . To examine one-year changes in oxidative damage and inflammation level in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing behavioral treatment for subsyndromal depression . Material s and Methods . A r and omized controlled comparison of psychoeducation ( A ) , physical exercise ( B ) , and enhanced treatment as usual ( C ) was performed in 209 eligible subjects in a tertiary diabetes care setting .  Depressive symptoms ( primary outcome ) and selected biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation ( secondary outcomes ) were assessed at baseline and six- and twelve-month follow-up . Results . Out of the 74 , 67 , and 68 patients r and omised into groups A , B , and C , respectively , 201 completed the interventions , and 179 were analysed . Participants in all three groups equally improved in depressive symptoms from baseline to one-year follow-up ( repeated measures ANOVA ; F = 12.51 , p < 0.0001 , η 2 = 0.07 ) . Urinary 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine ( u-8-oxodG ) decreased ( F = 10.66 , p < 0.0001 , η 2 = 0.06 ) , as did sialic acid and leukocytes ( F = 84.57 , η 2 = 0.32 and F = 12.61 , η 2 = 0.07 , resp . ; p < 0.0001 ) , while uric acid increased ( F = 12.53 , p < 0.0001 , η 2 = 0.07 ) in all subjects during one year . Improvement of depressive symptoms at 6 months significantly predicted one-year reduction in u-8-oxodG ( β = 0.15 , p = 0.044 ) . Conclusion . Simple behavioral interventions are capable not only of alleviating depressive symptoms , but also of reducing the intensity of damaging oxidative/inflammatory processes in type 2 diabetic patients with subsyndromal depression . This trial is registered with IS RCT N05673017
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .