Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .
Decrease in musculoskeletal pain after 4 and 12 months of an aerobic exercise intervention: a worksite RCT among cleaners
Background : Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is high in jobs with high physical work dem and s. An aerobic exercise intervention targeting cardiovascular health was evaluated for its long term side effects on musculoskeletal pain . Objective : The objective was to investigate if aerobic exercise affects level of musculoskeletal pain from baseline to 4- and 12-months follow-up . Methods : One-hundred- and -sixteen cleaners aged 18–65 years were cluster-r and omized . The aerobic exercise group ( n = 57 ) received worksite aerobic exercise ( 30 min twice a week ) and the reference group ( n = 59 ) lectures in health promotion . Strata were formed according to closest manager ( total 11 strata ) ; clusters were set within strata ( total 40 clusters , 20 in each group ) . Musculoskeletal pain data from eight body regions was collected at baseline and after 4- and 12-months follow-up . The participants stated highest pain in the last month on a scale from 0 , stating no pain , up to 10 , stating worst possible pain . A repeated-measure 2 × 2 multi-adjusted mixed-models design was applied to compare the between-groups differences in an intention to treat analysis . Participants were entered as a r and om effect nested in clusters to account for the cluster-based r and omization . Results : Clinical ly significant reductions ( > 30 % , f 2 > 0.25 ) in the aerobic exercise group , compared to the reference group , in pain intensity in neck , shoulders , arms/wrists were found at 12-months follow-up , and a tendency ( p = 0.07 , f 2 = 0.18 ) to an increase for the knees . At 4-months follow-up the only significant between-group change was an increase in hip pain . Conclusions : This study indicates that aerobic exercise  reduces musculoskeletal pain in the upper extremities , but as an unintended side effect may increase pain in the lower extremities . Aerobic exercise interventions among workers st and ing or walking in the majority of the working hours should tailor exercise to only maintain the positive effect on musculoskeletal pain
Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .