Results : We confirmed the importance of the 4 main factors influencing SC : ( 1 ) environmental factors , ( 2 ) genomic factors , ( 3 ) gene-environment interactions , and ( 4 ) evidence -based interventions .
The model demonstrates the complex network of factors influencing SC .
Background : Smoking behaviour is a major public health problem worldwide .
Several sources have confirmed the implication of genomic factors in smoking behaviour .
These factors interact both with environmental factors and interventions to develop a certain behaviour .
Objectives : Describing the environmental and genomic factors as well as the interventions influencing smoking cessation  ( SC ) and developing a working model incorporating the different factors influencing SC were our main objectives .
Convergent Evidence that Choline Acetyltransferase Gene Variation is Associated with Prospective Smoking Cessation and Nicotine Dependence
The ability to quit smoking is heritable , yet few genetic studies have investigated prospect i ve smoking cessation . We conducted a systems-based genetic association analysis in a sample of 472 treatment-seeking smokers of European ancestry after 8 weeks of transdermal nicotine therapy for smoking cessation . The genotyping panel included 169 single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes and 4 genes in the endogenous cholinergic system . The primary outcome was smoking cessation ( biochemically confirmed ) at the end of treatment . SNPs clustered in the choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) gene were individually identified as nominally significant , and a 5-SNP haplotype ( block 6 ) in ChAT was found to be significantly associated with quitting success . Single SNPs in ChAT haplotype block 2 were also associated with pretreatment levels of nicotine dependence in this cohort . To replicate associations of SNPs in haplotype blocks 2 and 6 of ChAT with nicotine dependence in a non-treatment-seeking cohort , we used data from an independent community-based sample of 629 smokers representing 200 families of European ancestry . Significant SNP and haplotype associations were identified for multiple measures of nicotine dependence . Although the effect sizes in both cohorts are modest , converging data across cohorts and phenotypes suggest that ChAT may be involved in nicotine dependence and ability to quit smoking . Additional sequencing and characterization of ChAT may reveal functional variants that contribute to nicotine dependence and smoking cessation
Results : We confirmed the importance of the 4 main factors influencing SC : ( 1 ) environmental factors , ( 2 ) genomic factors , ( 3 ) gene-environment interactions , and ( 4 ) evidence -based interventions .
The model demonstrates the complex network of factors influencing SC .
Background : Smoking behaviour is a major public health problem worldwide .
Several sources have confirmed the implication of genomic factors in smoking behaviour .
These factors interact both with environmental factors and interventions to develop a certain behaviour .
Objectives : Describing the environmental and genomic factors as well as the interventions influencing smoking cessation  ( SC ) and developing a working model incorporating the different factors influencing SC were our main objectives .