Conclusion : Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly .
However subgroup analysis regarding dose ( ≥ 30 g/day ) and duration ( between 4 to 8 weeks ) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI
ABSTRACT Background : Cocoa and dark chocolate ( DC ) have been reported to be effective for health promotion ; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined .
Appetite suppression through smelling of dark chocolate correlates with changes in ghrelin in young women
Cephalic effects on appetite are mediated by vagal tone and altered gastrointestinal hormones . The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between appetite and levels of gastrointestinal hormones after smelling chocolate and after melt- and -swallow 30 g chocolate ( 1.059 oz , 85 % cocoa , 12.5 g of sugar per 100 g product ) . Twelve female residents ( BMI between 18 and 25 kg/m(2 ) ) all participated in two 60-minute study sessions . In the first session , all 12 women  ate chocolate ; for the second session , they were r and omized either to smell chocolate ( n=6 ) or to serve as a control ( no eating or smelling ; n=6 ) . At the start of the sessions , levels of insulin , glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) and cholecystokinin ( CCK ) , but not glucose , correlated with appetite scored on a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) . In contrast , ghrelin levels correlated inversely with scored appetite . Chocolate eating and smelling both induced a similar appetite suppression with a disappearance of correlations between VAS scores and insulin , GLP-1 and CCK levels . However , while the correlation between VAS score and ghrelin disappeared completely after chocolate eating , it reversed after chocolate smelling , that is , olfactory stimulation with dark chocolate ( 85 % ) result ed in a satiation response that correlated inversely with ghrelin levels
Conclusion : Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly .
However subgroup analysis regarding dose ( ≥ 30 g/day ) and duration ( between 4 to 8 weeks ) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI
ABSTRACT Background : Cocoa and dark chocolate ( DC ) have been reported to be effective for health promotion ; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined .