Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Effects of magnesium supplementation in hypertensive patients: assessment by office, home, and ambulatory blood pressures.
An increase in magnesium intake has been suggested to lower blood pressure ( BP ) . However , the results of clinical studies are inconsistent . We studied the effects of magnesium supplementation on office , home , and ambulatory BPs in patients with essential hypertension . Sixty untreated or treated patients ( 34 men and 26 women , aged 33 to 74 years ) with office BP > 140/90 mm Hg were assigned to an 8-week magnesium supplementation period or an 8-week control period in a r and omized crossover design . The subjects were given 20 mmol/d magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide during the intervention period . In the control period , office , home , and average 24-hour BPs ( mean+/-SE ) were 148.6+/-1.6/90.0+/-0.9 , 136.4+/-1.3/86.8+/-0.9 , and 133.7+/-1.3/81.0+/-0.8 mmHg , respectively . All of these BPs were significantly lower in the magnesium supplementation period than in the control period , although the differences were small ( office , 3.7+/-1.3/1.7+/-0.7 mmHg ; home , 2.0+/-0.8/1.4+/-0.6 mmHg ; 24-hour , 2.5+/-1.0/1.4+/-0.6 mm Hg ) . Serum concentration and urinary excretion of magnesium increased significantly with magnesium supplementation . Changes in 24-hour systolic and diastolic BPs were correlated negatively with baseline BP or changes in serum magnesium concentration . These results indicate that magnesium supplementation lowers BP in hypertensive subjects and this effect is greater in subjects with higher BP . Our study supports the usefulness of increasing magnesium intake as a lifestyle modification in the management of hypertension , although its antihypertensive effect may be small
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .