Overall , total PA was favourably associated with physical , psychological/social , and cognitive health indicators .
Relationships were more consistent and robust for higher ( e.g. , MVPA ) versus lower ( e.g. , LPA ) intensity PA .
All patterns of activity ( sporadic , bouts , continuous ) provided benefit .
LPA was favourably associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers ; data were scarce for other outcomes .
These findings continue to support the importance of at least 60 min/day of MVPA for disease prevention and health promotion in children and youth , but also highlight the potential benefits of LPA and total PA .
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) is essential for disease prevention and health promotion .
Emerging evidence suggests other intensities of physical activity ( PA ) , including light-intensity activity ( LPA ) , may also be important , but there has been no rigorous evaluation of the evidence .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objective ly measured PA ( total and all intensities ) and health indicators in school-aged children and youth .
Online data bases were search ed for peer- review ed studies that met the a priori inclusion criteria : population ( apparently healthy , aged 5 - 17 years ) , intervention/exposure/comparator ( volumes , duration s , frequencies , intensities , and patterns of objective ly measured PA ) , and outcome ( body composition , cardiometabolic biomarkers , physical fitness , behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour , cognition/academic achievement , quality of life/well-being , harms , bone health , motor skill development , psychological distress , self-esteem ) .
Effect of physical training and its cessation on percent fat and bone density of children with obesity.
OBJECTIVE We determined the effect of 4-month periods of physical training ( PT ) and detraining on percent fat ( percent fat ) and bone density of children with obesity . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Subjects were 79 7- to 11-year-old children with obesity ; 34 were white , 44 were black , and 1 was Asian , 26 were male and 53 were female . They were r and omly assigned to two groups : group 1 engaged in PT for the first 4 months , while group 2 engaged in PT during the second 4 months . Body composition was measured with dual energy absorptiometry , and diet was measured with 4 days of recall for each 4-month period . PT was offered 5 days/week for 40 minutes/session , heart rate monitors were worn , and no dietary information was given ; mean attendance was 80 % , and mean heart rate per session was 157 bpm . RESULTS Group by time interactions across the three time-points ( from analysis of variance ) were significant for percent fat ( p = < 0.001 ) and bone density ( p = 0.045 ) . Both groups declined in percent fat during the periods of PT , by an average of 1.6 % fat units ; in the 4 months after cessation of PT , group 1 increased by 1.3 % fat . In both groups , bone density increased more during periods of PT ( 0.025 g/cm2 ) than during periods of no PT ( 0.010 g/cm2 ) . No significant PT vs. no-PT differences were found for dietary intake of energy , macronutrients , or calcium . DISCUSSION This study suggests that regular exercise , without dietary intervention , can enhance the body composition of children with obesity
Overall , total PA was favourably associated with physical , psychological/social , and cognitive health indicators .
Relationships were more consistent and robust for higher ( e.g. , MVPA ) versus lower ( e.g. , LPA ) intensity PA .
All patterns of activity ( sporadic , bouts , continuous ) provided benefit .
LPA was favourably associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers ; data were scarce for other outcomes .
These findings continue to support the importance of at least 60 min/day of MVPA for disease prevention and health promotion in children and youth , but also highlight the potential benefits of LPA and total PA .
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) is essential for disease prevention and health promotion .
Emerging evidence suggests other intensities of physical activity ( PA ) , including light-intensity activity ( LPA ) , may also be important , but there has been no rigorous evaluation of the evidence .
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objective ly measured PA ( total and all intensities ) and health indicators in school-aged children and youth .
Online data bases were search ed for peer- review ed studies that met the a priori inclusion criteria : population ( apparently healthy , aged 5 - 17 years ) , intervention/exposure/comparator ( volumes , duration s , frequencies , intensities , and patterns of objective ly measured PA ) , and outcome ( body composition , cardiometabolic biomarkers , physical fitness , behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour , cognition/academic achievement , quality of life/well-being , harms , bone health , motor skill development , psychological distress , self-esteem ) .