Calcium was more effective than placebo in reducing rates of bone loss after two or more years of treatment .
REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS Calcium supplementation alone has a small positive effect on bone density .
The data show a trend toward reduction in vertebral fractures , but it is unclear if calcium reduces the incidence of non vertebral fractures
BACKGROUND Although calcium is one the simplest and least expensive strategies for preventing osteoporotic fractures calcium supplementation is nevertheless not without controversy ( Kanis 1989 ; Nordin 1990 ) .
The Food and Drug Administration in the US has permitted a bone health cl aim for calcium-rich foods , and the NIH in its Consensus Development Process approved a statement that high calcium intake reduces the risk of osteoporosis .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women .
Osteoporosis clinical trials endpoints: candidate variables and clinimetric properties.
We review ed evidence on endpoints used in osteoporosis clinical trials to assist in the development of a set of endpoints to be included in all trials . A MEDLINE search was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration strategy for each endpoint . Additional published literature was obtained from content experts . A proposed list of endpoints was developed after consultation with experts in the field . Each endpoint was evaluated with respect to validity , reproducibility , redundancy , and feasibility . We classified the endpoints into 2 major categories : clinical health status outcomes and intermediate endpoints , and for each endpoint we present current evidence from the literature as pertains to defined method ologic criteria . Multiple endpoints have been used in osteoporosis clinical trials , and an agreement on a core set of measures needs to be evidence based with an emphasis on validity , reproducibility , and feasibility and to satisfy clinical credibility
Calcium was more effective than placebo in reducing rates of bone loss after two or more years of treatment .
REVIEW ER 'S CONCLUSIONS Calcium supplementation alone has a small positive effect on bone density .
The data show a trend toward reduction in vertebral fractures , but it is unclear if calcium reduces the incidence of non vertebral fractures
BACKGROUND Although calcium is one the simplest and least expensive strategies for preventing osteoporotic fractures calcium supplementation is nevertheless not without controversy ( Kanis 1989 ; Nordin 1990 ) .
The Food and Drug Administration in the US has permitted a bone health cl aim for calcium-rich foods , and the NIH in its Consensus Development Process approved a statement that high calcium intake reduces the risk of osteoporosis .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women .