Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Effect of low energy diet and weight loss on major risk factors, central obesity and associated disturbances in patients with essential hypertension.
Obesity , especially central , increases the risk of hypertension , hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes to a significant extent . To determine whether dietary weight reduction can reduce blood pressure ( BP ) and other cardiovascular risk factors , 217 hypertensives were r and omised to receive either 1600 Kcal/day diet ( group A , n = 108 ) or the usual 2100 Kcal/day diet ( group B , n = 109 ) . Sodium intake and physical activity were kept similar in both groups . After 16 weeks of follow-up , patients in group A received significantly less energy leading to a 2.8 kg net reduction in mean weight in association with a significant net decrease in mean SBP and DBP ( 7.5/6.5 mm Hg ) compared with nonsignificant changes in group B. There was a significant net decrease in mean total cholesterol ( 7.0 % ) , low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol ( 7.9 % ) and triglycerides ( 8.0 % ) , with a significant net increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ( 4.0 % ) in group A compared with group B. New risk factors such as glucose intolerance ( 8.0 % ) and central obesity ( waist-hip girth ratio , 0.021 ) showed a significant net reduction compared with group B. Patients with central obesity and other associated disturbances showed maximal reduction in BP and other cardiovascular risk factors with a significantly greater increase in HDL-cholesterol . Mean doses of drugs were similar at entry to the study as well as after 16 weeks in both groups . It is possible that weight reduction due to a low caloric diet can moderate central obesity and associated disturbances in hypertensive subjects
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .