Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Biophysiologic outcomes of the Enhancing Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes (ENHANCE) trial.
BACKGROUND Behavioral research to improve lifestyle in broadly defined population s of patients with type 2 diabetes is limited . OBJECTIVE We evaluated a behavioral intervention featuring technology-based self-monitoring on biophysiologic outcomes of glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular risk . DESIGN In this single-site , r and omized clinical trial , participants were stratified by good and poor glycemic control ( glycated hemoglobin < 8 % or ≥8 % ) and absence or presence of kidney disease , ( estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 or < 60 mL/min ) and r and omized within strata . Measurements were obtained at 0 , 3 , and 6 months . PARTICIPANTS / SETTING Self-referred , community-dwelling adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus . INTERVENTION The intervention group received Social Cognitive Theory-based counseling paired with technology-based self-monitoring , and results were compared with an attention control group . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glycated hemoglobin , fasting serum glucose , lipid levels , blood pressure , weight , body mass index , and waist circumference were evaluated . STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Mean differences within and between r and omization groups were compared over time . Intervention effects over time were estimated using r and om intercept models . RESULTS Two hundred ninety-six subjects were r and omized , 256 ( 86.5 % ) completed 3-month and 246 ( 83.1 % ) completed 6-month assessment s. Glycated hemoglobin was reduced in the intervention group by 0.5 % at 3 months and 0.6 % at 6 months ( P<0.001 for each ) , and the control group by 0.3 % ( P<0.001 ) at 3 months and 0.2 % ( P<0.05 ) at 6 months ; but between-group differences were not significant . In those with baseline glycated hemoglobin ≥8 % and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min , glycated hemoglobin was reduced in the intervention group by 1.5 % at 3 months and 1.8 % at 6 months ( P<0.001 for each ) , and the control group by 0.9 % ( P<0.001 ) at 3 months and 0.8 % ( P<0.05 ) at 6 months ; but between-group differences were not significant . In r and om intercept models , the estimated reduction in glycated hemoglobin of 0.29 % was not significant . CONCLUSIONS Two behavioral approaches to improving general lifestyle management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were effective in improving glycemic control , but no significant between-group differences were observed
Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .