Weight loss diet beneficially affects blood adiponectin concentrations .
Adiponectin secreted from adipose tissue is proposed to be inversely related to the body fat mass .
However , the magnitude of the effect of low calorie diet on adiponectin concentrations remains unknown .
The present study was aim ed to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis on clinical trials that access the effect of low calorie diet on adiponectin concentration .
Diet and exercise reduce low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle in severely obese subjects.
Obesity is associated with low- grade inflammation , insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes , and cardiovascular disease . This study investigated the effect of a 15-wk lifestyle intervention ( hypocaloric diet and daily exercise ) on inflammatory markers in plasma , adipose tissue ( AT ) , and skeletal muscle ( SM ) in 27 severely obese subjects ( mean body mass index : 45.8 kg/m2 ) .  Plasma sample s , subcutaneous abdominal AT biopsies , and vastus lateralis SM biopsies were obtained before and after the intervention and analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR . The intervention reduced body weight ( P < 0.001 ) and increased insulin sensitivity ( homeostasis model assessment ; P < 0.05 ) . Plasma adiponectin ( P < 0.001 ) increased , and C-reactive protein ( P < 0.05 ) , IL-6 ( P < 0.01 ) , IL-8 ( P < 0.05 ) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( P < 0.01 ) decreased . AT inflammation was reduced , determined from an increased mRNA expression of adiponectin ( P < 0.001 ) and a decreased expression of macrophage-specific markers ( CD14 , CD68 ) , IL-6 , IL-8 , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( P < 0.01 ) . After adjusting for macrophage infiltration in AT , only IL-6 mRNA was decreased ( P < 0.05 ) . Only very low levels of inflammatory markers were found in SM . The intervention had no effect on adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA in AT or SM . Thus hypocaloric diet and increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity and reduced low- grade inflammation . Markers of inflammation were particularly reduced in AT , whereas SM does not contribute to this attenuation of whole body inflammation
Weight loss diet beneficially affects blood adiponectin concentrations .
Adiponectin secreted from adipose tissue is proposed to be inversely related to the body fat mass .
However , the magnitude of the effect of low calorie diet on adiponectin concentrations remains unknown .
The present study was aim ed to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis on clinical trials that access the effect of low calorie diet on adiponectin concentration .