The results show different consistency across studies between the three types of timing ability .
The highest consistency of results showing atypical time perception abilities is found in high-level time perception studies .
It remains unclear if autism is characterized by a fundamental time perception impairment .
Overall , there are a number of studies that show differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals , but some studies do not find such differences .
Group differences are more consistent across studies using complex tasks rather than simpler more fundamental timing tasks .
Problems with timing and time perception have been suggested as key characteristics of autism spectrum condition ( ASC ) .
Studies and personal accounts from clinicians , parents , caregivers , and self-reports from autistic people themselves often refer to problems with time .
Although a number of empirical studies have examined aspects relating to time in autistic individuals , there remains no clear consensus on whether or how timing mechanisms may be affected in autism .
Temporal processing in the basal ganglia.
This study investigated the role of the basal ganglia in timing operations . Nondemented , medicated Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) patients and controls were tested on 2 motor-timing tasks ( paced finger tapping at a 300- or 600-ms target interval ) , 2 time perception tasks ( duration perception wherein the interval between the st and ard tone pair was 300 or 600 ms ) , and 2 tasks that controlled for the auditory processing ( frequency perception ) dem and s of the time perception task and the movement rate ( rapid tapping ) in the motor-timing task . Using A.M. Wing and A.B. Kristofferson 's ( 1973 ) model , the total variability in motor timing was partitioned into a clock component , which reflects central timekeeping operations , and a motor delay component , which estimates r and om variability due to response implementation processes . The PD group was impaired at both target intervals of the time perception and motor-timing tasks . Impaired motor timing was due to elevated clock but not motor delay variability . The findings implicate the basal ganglia and its thalamocortical connections in timing operations
The results show different consistency across studies between the three types of timing ability .
The highest consistency of results showing atypical time perception abilities is found in high-level time perception studies .
It remains unclear if autism is characterized by a fundamental time perception impairment .
Overall , there are a number of studies that show differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals , but some studies do not find such differences .
Group differences are more consistent across studies using complex tasks rather than simpler more fundamental timing tasks .
Problems with timing and time perception have been suggested as key characteristics of autism spectrum condition ( ASC ) .
Studies and personal accounts from clinicians , parents , caregivers , and self-reports from autistic people themselves often refer to problems with time .
Although a number of empirical studies have examined aspects relating to time in autistic individuals , there remains no clear consensus on whether or how timing mechanisms may be affected in autism .