In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Long-term effects of calcium-vitamin-D3-fortified milk on bone geometry and strength in older men.
The long-term effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone material and structural properties in older men are not known . The aim of this study was to examine the effects of high calcium ( 1000 mg/day)- and vitamin-D(3 ) ( 800 IU/day)-fortified milk on cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD ( vBMD ) and bone geometry at the axial and appendicular skeleton in men aged over 50 years . One hundred and eleven men who were part of a larger 2-year r and omized controlled trial had QCT scans  of the mid-femur and lumbar spine ( L(1)-L(3 ) ) to assess vBMD , bone geometry and indices of bone strength [ polar moment of inertia ( I(polar ) ) ] . After 2 years , there were no significant differences between the milk supplementation and control group for the change in any mid-femur or L(1)-L(3 ) bone parameters for all men aged over 50 years . However , the mid-femur skeletal responses to the fortified milk varied according to age , with a split of < or=62 versus > 62 years being the most significant for discriminating the changes between the two groups . Subsequent analysis revealed that , in the older men ( > 62 years ) , the expansion in mid-femur medullary area was 2.8 % ( P < 0.01 ) less in the milk supplementation compared to control group , which helped to preserve cortical area in the milk supplementation group ( between group difference 1.1 % , P < 0.01 ) . Similarly , for mid-femur cortical vBMD and I(polar ) , the net loss was 2.3 and 2.8 % less in the milk supplementation compared to control group ( P < 0.01 and < 0.001 , respectively ) . In conclusion , calcium-vitamin-D(3)-fortified milk may represent an effective strategy to maintain bone strength by preventing endocortical bone loss and slowing the loss in cortical vBMD in elderly men
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .