An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
Effect of silica coating combined to a MDP-based primer on the resin bond to Y-TZP ceramic.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silica coating and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-based primer applications upon the bonding durability of a MDP-based resin cement to a yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia ( Y-TZP ) ceramic . Ninety-six Y-TZP tabs were embedded in an acrylic resin ( free surface for adhesion : 5 × 5 mm(2 ) ) , ground finished and r and omly divided into four groups ( N = 24 ) according to the ceramic surface conditioning : ( 1 ) cleaning with isopropanol ( ALC ) ; ( 2 ) ALC + phosphoric acid etching + MDP-based primer application ( MDP-primer ) ; ( 3 ) silica coating + 3-methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS)-based coupling agent application ( SiO2 + MPS-Sil ) ; and ( 4 ) SiO2 + MDP-primer . The MDP-based resin cement was applied on the treated surface using a cylindrical mold ( diameter= 3 mm ) . Half of the specimens from each surface conditioning were stored in distilled water ( 37 ° C , 24 h ) before testing . Another half of the specimens were stored ( 90 days ) and thermo-cycled ( 12,000 x ) during this period ( 90 d/TC ) before testing . A shear bond strength ( SBS ) test was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min . Two factors composed the experimental design : ceramic conditioning strategy ( in four levels ) and storage condition ( in two levels ) , totaling eight groups . After 90 d/TC ( Tukey ; p < 0.05 ) , SiO2 + MDP-primer ( 24.40 MPa ) promoted the highest SBS . The ALC and MDP-primer groups debonded spontaneously during 90 d/TC . Bonding values were higher and more stable in the SiO2 groups . The use of MDP-primer after silica coating increased the bond strength
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .