In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Aerobic Versus Resistance Training Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life, Body Composition, and Function of Older Adults
This study aim ed to investigate the effects of training on health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) , body composition , and function in older adults . Fifty participants were r and omized into aerobic training ( AT—70%-80 % HRreserve ) , resistance training ( RT—80 % 1RM ) , or controls . They had HRQoL , body composition , and function assessed before and after 8 months . Training groups reduced body fat , increased performance in the stair ascent , 8-ft up- and -go and sit-to-st and five-times tests , and improved their physical component score ( PCS ; p ≤ .03 ) . AT increased performance in the 6MWT test , and improved general and mental health ( MH ) domains when compared to controls ( p < .01 ) . Finally , changes in stair ascent were associated with changes in bodily pain , MH , and mental component score ( p ≤ .04 ) , while changes in h and grip strength were associated with changes in physical role and MH ( p = .03 ) . AT and RT were effective interventions for decreasing body fat and improving functionality and the PCS in older adults
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .