Summary Vitamin K may affect  bone mineral density and fracture incidence .
Since publication of a previous systematic review the integrity of some of the previous evidence has been question ed and further trials have been published .
Introduction This systematic review was design ed to assess the effectiveness of oral vitamin K supplementation for increasing bone mineral density  and reducing fractures in adults .
Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia.
AIM To investigate the effect of vitamin K2 ( menatetrenone ) treatment on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and a bone metabolic marker ( osteocalcin ) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis living in Indonesia . METHODS A double-blind r and omized placebo-controlled study of 63 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis . The vitamin K2 group ( n = 33 ) received 45 mg menatetrenone and 1500 mg calcium carbonate per day and the control group ( n = 30 ) received placebo and 1500 mg calcium carbonate per day for 48 weeks . BMD of lumbal spine ( L2-L4 ) , osteocalcin ( OC ) and undercarboxylated OC were measured before , 24 and 48 weeks after initiation of the treatment . RESULTS After 48 weeks of treatment , the mean percentage change of lumbar BMD in the vitamin K2 group was significantly higher ( P < 0.05 ) than that of the control group . The undercarboxylated OC level decreased by 55.9 % in the menatetrenone group and 9.3 % in the control group compared with the baseline level . The difference between the two groups was significant ( P < 0.01 ) . The adverse events were three minor gastrointestinal cases , which subsided after temporary cessation of therapy . CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 45 mg vitamin K2 with 1500 mg calcium per day for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis for 48 weeks result ed in a significant increase in lumbar BMD and a significant decrease in undercarboxylated OC levels
Summary Vitamin K may affect  bone mineral density and fracture incidence .
Since publication of a previous systematic review the integrity of some of the previous evidence has been question ed and further trials have been published .
Introduction This systematic review was design ed to assess the effectiveness of oral vitamin K supplementation for increasing bone mineral density  and reducing fractures in adults .