Taking knee arthroplasty as an example , patients deemed at low risk of experiencing outcomes such as postoperative pain or chronic pain  may receive intra-articular local anaesthesia infiltration ;  patients at medium risk may obtain additional analgesia via a saphe-nous nerve catheter ; and patients at high risk may also receive nerve blocks and anti-hyperalgesics .
pain and function after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty .
catastrophizing , response to experimental heat stimuli , and post-cesarean section pain .
In 1946 , Mendelson 1 showed that pulmonary complications and death could arise in pregnant women because of aspiration of gastric contents .
Since then , prevention of aspiration of gastric contents has contributed significantly to a decrease in maternal deaths .
Warner and colleagues 2 demonstrated in a large series from the Mayo Clinic that no aspiration occurred in pregnant or post-partum women ( probably because of the routine use of prophylactic measures ) , while both its occurrence and severity were significant in emergency procedures .
formation of large informatic data bases , or clinical quality registries , linking preoperative and intraoperative clinical data , imaging , genomics , and cancer and drug prescription data bases .
References 1 Fischer HB , Simanski CJ , Sharp C , et al. A procedure-specific systematic review and consensus recommendations for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty .
Postoperative pain management : number-needed-to-treat approach versus procedure-specific pain management approach .
The effect of lipid droplet size on satiety and peptide secretion is intestinal site-specific.
BACKGROUND & AIMS : Infusion of fat into the small intestine induces satiety . Reducing fat droplet size accelerates fat digestion , but the effect on satiety after ileal fat infusion is not known . The aim of the study was to compare the effects of fat emulsions differing in droplet size ( fine , coarse ) infused in either duodenum or ileum on satiety , gastric emptying and peptide secretion . METHODS In a r and omized single-blind crossover study 15 healthy volunteers received , after intubation with a nasoileal tube  , 4 different treatments on 4 consecutive days . After consumption of a liquid meal , 6 g of fine or coarse fat emulsion was infused into duodenum or ileum . Study parameters were satiety , gastric emptying and gut peptides . These parameters were statistically evaluated using ANCOVA . RESULTS In the duodenum , Fine emulsion significantly reduced hunger , increased fullness , delayed gastric emptying , but did not affect peptide secretion versus Coarse . In the ileum , Fine emulsion did not affect hunger , fullness , or gastric emptying , but significantly increased peptide secretion versus Coarse . CONCLUSIONS Compared to larger fat droplets , smaller droplets significantly affect satiety , gastric emptying and gut peptide release , but with the effect being dependent on the intestinal location of fat delivery . DUTCH TRIALREGISTER : NTR1515
Taking knee arthroplasty as an example , patients deemed at low risk of experiencing outcomes such as postoperative pain or chronic pain  may receive intra-articular local anaesthesia infiltration ;  patients at medium risk may obtain additional analgesia via a saphe-nous nerve catheter ; and patients at high risk may also receive nerve blocks and anti-hyperalgesics .
pain and function after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty .
catastrophizing , response to experimental heat stimuli , and post-cesarean section pain .
In 1946 , Mendelson 1 showed that pulmonary complications and death could arise in pregnant women because of aspiration of gastric contents .
Since then , prevention of aspiration of gastric contents has contributed significantly to a decrease in maternal deaths .
Warner and colleagues 2 demonstrated in a large series from the Mayo Clinic that no aspiration occurred in pregnant or post-partum women ( probably because of the routine use of prophylactic measures ) , while both its occurrence and severity were significant in emergency procedures .
formation of large informatic data bases , or clinical quality registries , linking preoperative and intraoperative clinical data , imaging , genomics , and cancer and drug prescription data bases .
References 1 Fischer HB , Simanski CJ , Sharp C , et al. A procedure-specific systematic review and consensus recommendations for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty .
Postoperative pain management : number-needed-to-treat approach versus procedure-specific pain management approach .