Exposure to H2 receptor antagonists may be associated with increased risk of NEC and infections in preterm infants
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of gastric acid ( IGA ) are used for upper gastrointestinal bleeding or gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants .
The result ant increase in gastric pH may enhance the growth of pathogens and increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) .
Our systematic review examined the association between  IGA and NEC in preterm infants .
Protective effects of vitamin E and omeprazole on the hypoxia/reoxygenation induced intestinal injury in newborn rats
Evaluation of prophylactic effects of omeprazole and /or vitamin E on the formation of free oxygen radicals ( FOR ) and bowel histopathology in the newborn rat model of hypoxia/reoxygenation ( H/R ) that resembles human necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) . Eighty newborn rats were r and omly divided into eight groups . H/R was done using airtight chamber . Rats were exposed to 100 % CO2 for 15 min followed by a reoxygenation for the next 15 min with 100 % O2 . Group 1 ( n = 10 ) was the control group . Group 2 ( n = 10 ) rats received vitamin E. In Group 3 ( n = 10 ) omeprazole was administrated . Group 4 ( n = 10 ) rats received omeprazole and vitamin E. Group 5 ( n = 10 ) rats were subjected to H/R two times for 2 days and one time for 3 days . Group 6 ( n = 10 ) received vitamin E in addition to H/R for 5 days and in Group 7 ( n = 10 ) omeprazole in addition to H/R for 5 days . In Group 8 ( n = 10 ) , vitamin E and omeprazole and H/R were applied for 5 days . Rats were killed at the end of the each process and bowel specimens were harvested for histopathological and biochemical investigations . We administrated vitamin E intramuscularly 300 unit/kg per day and omeprazole orally 20 mg/kg per day . Malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , xanthine oxidase ( XO ) , xanthine dehydogenase ( XDH ) and XO/(XO + XDH ) were measured . Vitamin E and /or omeprazole treated rats had significantly less XO% levels than H/R only group ( 0.36 , 0.38 and 0.57 , respectively ) . Similarly , the MDA levels were significantly lower in vitamin E and /or omeprazole received rats than H/R only rats ( 88.8 , 97.9 and 122.6 , respectively ) . All rats treated with omeprazole and /or vitamin E had better biochemical and histopathological levels compared to H/R rats ( p < 0.05 ) . Histopathological results show that Group 5 ( H/R only ) had significantly more intestinal damage when compared with Group 6 ( vitamin E + H/R ) , Group 7 ( omeprazole + R/H ) and Group 8 ( vitamin E + omeprazole + H/R ) ( p < 0.001 ) . Grade 2 and 3 intestinal damages were only in Group 5 and there were no statistical difference between in Groups 6 , 7 and 8 ( p > 0.001 ) . Omeprazole and /or vitamin E may protect the biochemical and histopathological intestinal damage of H/R injury in rats . These drugs may be beneficial in the prophylaxis of NEC in humans as well
Exposure to H2 receptor antagonists may be associated with increased risk of NEC and infections in preterm infants
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of gastric acid ( IGA ) are used for upper gastrointestinal bleeding or gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants .
The result ant increase in gastric pH may enhance the growth of pathogens and increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) .
Our systematic review examined the association between  IGA and NEC in preterm infants .