There was a significant heterogeneity for the impact of CLA  on CRP and IL-6 , but not TNF-α .
Conclusions This meta- analysis showed that CLA supplementation may increase inflammatory markers ( CRP and TNF-α ) .
Background / objectives Conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with attractive biological activities .
Numerous studies have been conducted on the inflammation-lowering effects of CLA in in vitro and animal models .
However , the effects of CLA treatment on the inflammatory markers in humans are controversial .
Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases
A cornerstone of modern biomedical research is the use of mouse models  to explore basic pathophysiological mechanisms , evaluate new therapeutic approaches , and make go or no-go decisions to carry new drug c and i date s forward into clinical trials . Systematic studies evaluating how well murine models mimic human inflammatory diseases are nonexistent . Here , we show that , although acute inflammatory stresses from different etiologies result in highly similar genomic responses in humans , the responses in corresponding mouse models correlate poorly with the human conditions and also , one another . Among genes changed significantly in humans , the murine orthologs are close to r and om in matching their human counterparts ( e.g. , R2 between 0.0 and 0.1 ) . In addition to improvements in the current animal model systems , our study supports higher priority for translational medical research to focus on the more complex human conditions rather than relying on mouse models to study human inflammatory diseases
There was a significant heterogeneity for the impact of CLA  on CRP and IL-6 , but not TNF-α .
Conclusions This meta- analysis showed that CLA supplementation may increase inflammatory markers ( CRP and TNF-α ) .
Background / objectives Conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with attractive biological activities .
Numerous studies have been conducted on the inflammation-lowering effects of CLA in in vitro and animal models .
However , the effects of CLA treatment on the inflammatory markers in humans are controversial .