The results showed that low-dose oral and transdermal estrogen in all dose ranges were more likely than placebo to decrease the frequency of VMS .
Indeed , the nanostructured formulation was safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of menopause .
Low-dose estrogen-based therapies can be the most effective regimens to relieve VMS .
These medications can be used by different administration routes and formulations
BACKGROUND Menopause is a critical phenomenon in women 's life .
After cardiac diseases , menopause is the second major cause of living with a disability in 45 - 60 year old women .
The majority of women will experience bothersome  vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) .
Menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) is the most effective treatment for these symptoms .
The objective of this review is to focus on hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms .
Intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone versus oral megestrol for the control of postmenopausal hot flashes in breast cancer patients: a randomized study.
BACKGROUND Hot flashes are frequent in postmenopausal breast cancer patients , especially when treated with tamoxifen . Estrogen replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for hot flashes , but its use is controversial in breast cancer survivors . Progestins may offer a good alternative for the control of hot flashes in this setting ; in particular , oral megestrol acetate has been proven effective in a r and omized , placebo-controlled clinical trial . With the aim of further improving these results , we have design ed a r and omized study comparing oral megestrol acetate with depot intramuscular ( i.m . ) medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) for the control of hot flashes in postmenopausal patients with a history of breast cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-one postmenopausal patients were r and omized to receive an i.m . injection of depot MPA 500 mg on days 1 , 14 and 28 , or oral megestrol acetate 40 mg daily for 6 weeks . Patients recorded daily the number and severity of their hot flashes ; response was defined as a > or = 50 % decrease in the number and severity of hot flashes . RESULTS At week 6 , hot flashes were reduced by 86 % on average in the whole group of patients , without significant differences between the two progestins . Response was obtained by 75 and 67 % of patients receiving MPA or megestrol , respectively ( P = 0.5 ) . Responders were followed to assess maintenance of response ( without further treatment ) , which was significantly better with i.m . MPA : in this group , 89 % of responders still showed a benefit at week 24 , compared with 45 % in the megestrol group ( P = 0.03 ) . CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that a short cycle of i.m . depot MPA injections provides significant and long-lasting relief from postmenopausal hot flashes in patients with a history of breast cancer , offering an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy or prolonged administration of oral megestrol
The results showed that low-dose oral and transdermal estrogen in all dose ranges were more likely than placebo to decrease the frequency of VMS .
Indeed , the nanostructured formulation was safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of menopause .
Low-dose estrogen-based therapies can be the most effective regimens to relieve VMS .
These medications can be used by different administration routes and formulations
BACKGROUND Menopause is a critical phenomenon in women 's life .
After cardiac diseases , menopause is the second major cause of living with a disability in 45 - 60 year old women .
The majority of women will experience bothersome  vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) .
Menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) is the most effective treatment for these symptoms .
The objective of this review is to focus on hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms .