The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
Oral administration of RAC-alpha-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled pilot trial.
Alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) , a naturally occuring compound and a radical scavenger was shown to enhance glucose transport and utilization in different experimental and animal models . Clinical studies described an increase of insulin sensitivity after acute and short-term ( 10 d ) parenteral administration of ALA . The effects of a 4-week oral treatment with alpha-lipoic acid were evaluated in a placebo-controlled , multicenter pilot study to determine see whether oral treatment also improves insulin sensitivity . Seventy-four patients with type-2 diabetes were r and omized to either placebo ( n = 19 ) ; or active treatment in various doses of 600 mg once daily ( n = 19 ) , twice daily ( 1200 mg ; n = 18 ) , or thrice daily ( 1800 mg ; n = 18 ) alpha-lipoic acid . An isoglycemic glucose-clamp was done on days 0 ( pre ) and 29 ( post ) . In this explorative study , analysis was done according to the number of subjects showing an improvement of insulin sensitivity after treatment . Furthermore , the effects of active vs. placebo treatment on insulin sensitivity was compared . All four groups were comparable and had a similar degree of hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity at baseline . When compared to placebo , significantly more subjects had an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal ( MCR ) after ALA treatment in each group . As there was no dose effect seen in the three different alpha-lipoic acid groups , all subjects receiving ALA were combined in the " active " group and then compared to placebo . This revealed significantly different changes in MCR after treatment ( + 27 % vs. placebo ; p < .01 ) . This placebo-controlled explorative study confirms previous observations of an increase of insulin sensitivity in type-2 diabetes after acute and chronic intravenous administration of ALA . The results suggest that oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid can improve insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes . The encouraging findings of this pilot trial need to be substantiated by further investigations
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .