No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .
Nut consumption and risk of type II diabetes in the Physicians’ Health Study
Background / Objectives : While type II diabetes ( DM ) is a major cause of morbidity in the United States , limited data are available on the association between nut intake and incident DM . We sought to examine the association between nut consumption and the risk of DM.Subjects/ Methods : Prospect i ve cohort of 20 224 male participants of the Physicians ’ Health Study I.  Nut consumption was estimated using a 19-item brief food frequency question naire , and incident DM was ascertained through yearly follow-up question naires . Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks of DM . Results : The average age of the study participants was 54.4±9.4 years ( range : 40.7–87.1 ) . During a mean follow-up of 19.2 years , 1828 cases of DM occurred . The crude incidence rates of DM were 4.82 , 4.85 , 4.92 , 4.16 , 4.29 and 3.32 cases per 1000 person-years for individuals reporting nut consumption of rarely/never , < 1 , 1 , 2–4 , 5–6 and 7 + servings per week , respectively . While nut consumption was associated with a lower risk of DM in a model adjusted for age ( P for tend 0.017 ) , such relation was attenuated on additional control for other confounders ( multivariable adjusted hazard ratios ( 95 % confidence interval ) for DM were 1.0 ( reference ) , 1.06 ( 0.93–1.20 ) , 1.10 ( 0.95–1.26 ) , 0.97 ( 0.82–1.14 ) , 0.99 ( 0.76–1.30 ) and 0.87 ( 0.61–1.24 ) from the lowest to the highest category of nut consumption , respectively ( P for trend 0.99 ) . No statistically significant association between nut consumption and DM was found in either lean or overweight/obese participants . Conclusions : Our data do not show an association between nut consumption and incident DM in US male physicians
No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .