Other parameters under investigation were not affected by either low or high glycaemic indices .
The present systematic review and meta- analysis provides evidence of a beneficial effect of a low glycaemic index/load diet in children and adolescents being either overweight or obese .
The objective of the present systematic review and meta- analysis was to synthesize the available literature data investigating the effects of low glycaemic index/low glycamic load dietary regimens on anthropometric parameters , blood lipid profiles , and indicators of glucose metabolism in children and adolescents .
A reduced-glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity.
BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases markedly for obese children after puberty . However , the effect of dietary composition on body weight and diabetes risk factors has not been studied in adolescents . OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of an ad libitum , reduced-glycemic load ( GL ) diet with those of an energy-restricted , reduced-fat diet in obese adolescents . DESIGN R and omized control trial consisting of a 6-month intervention and a 6-month follow-up . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition ( body mass index [ BMI ; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters ] and fat mass ) and insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment ) were measured at 0 , 6 , and 12 months . Seven-day food diaries were used as a process measure . SUBJECTS Sixteen obese adolescents aged 13 to 21 years . Intervention Experimental ( reduced-GL ) treatment emphasized selection of foods characterized by a low to moderate glycemic index , with 45 % to 50 % of energy from carbohydrates and 30 % to 35 % from fat . In contrast , conventional ( reduced-fat ) treatment emphasized selection of low-fat products , with 55 % to 60 % of energy from carbohydrates and 25 % to 30 % from fat . RESULTS Fourteen subjects completed the study ( 7 per group ) . The GL decreased significantly in the experimental group , and dietary fat decreased significantly in the conventional group ( P<.05 for both ) . At 12 months , mean + /- SEM BMI ( -1.3 + /- 0.7 vs 0.7 + /- 0.5 ; P = .02 ) and fat mass ( -3.0 + /- 1.6 vs 1.8 + /- 1.0 kg ; P = .01 ) had decreased more in the experimental compared with the conventional group , differences that were material ly unchanged in an intention-to-treat model ( n = 16 ) ( BMI , P = .02 ; fat mass , P = .01 ) . Insulin resistance as measured by means of homeostasis model assessment increased less in the experimental group during the intervention period ( -0.4 + /- 0.9 vs 2.6 + /- 1.2 ; P = .02 ) . In post hoc analyses , GL was a significant predictor of treatment response among both groups ( R2 = 0.51 ; P = .006 ) , whereas dietary fat was not ( R2 = 0.14 ; P = .22 ) . CONCLUSIONS An ad libitum reduced-GL diet appears to be a promising alternative to a conventional diet in obese adolescents . Large-scale r and omized controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of reduced-GL and -glycemic index diets in the treatment of obesity and prevention of type 2 diabetes
Other parameters under investigation were not affected by either low or high glycaemic indices .
The present systematic review and meta- analysis provides evidence of a beneficial effect of a low glycaemic index/load diet in children and adolescents being either overweight or obese .
The objective of the present systematic review and meta- analysis was to synthesize the available literature data investigating the effects of low glycaemic index/low glycamic load dietary regimens on anthropometric parameters , blood lipid profiles , and indicators of glucose metabolism in children and adolescents .