Conclusions The current evidence does not suggest an association between leptin and PCa outcome .
However , there may be an inverse association between adiponectin and the incidence of advanced PCa that should be investigated by further studies .
Background Obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
In obesity , serum levels of the appetite-regulating hormones — leptin , adiponectin , and ghrelin — become deregulated .
Objective To explore whether serum levels of appetite-regulating hormones associate with the incidence of PCa , the incidence of advanced disease , or PCa-specific mortality .
A 25-year prospective study of plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations and prostate cancer risk and survival.
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines may mediate the association between adiposity and lethal prostate cancer outcomes . METHODS In the Physicians ' Health Study , we prospect ively examined the association of prediagnostic plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin with risk of developing incident prostate cancer ( 654 cases diagnosed 1982 - 2000 and 644 age-matched controls ) and , among cases , risk of dying from prostate cancer by 2007 . RESULTS Adiponectin concentrations were not associated with risk of overall prostate cancer . However , men with higher adiponectin concentrations had lower risk of developing high- grade or lethal cancer ( metastatic or fatal disease ) . The relative risk ( 95 % CI ) comparing the highest quintile to the lowest ( Q5 vs Q1 ) was 0.25 ( 95 % CI 0.07 - 0.87 ; P(trend ) = 0.02 ) for lethal cancer . Among all the cases , higher adiponectin concentrations predicted lower prostate cancer-specific mortality [ hazard ratio (HR)(Q5 vs Q1)= 0.39 ; 95 % CI 0.17 - 0.85 ; P(trend ) = 0.02 ] , independent of body mass index ( BMI ) , plasma C-peptide ( a marker of insulin secretion ) , leptin , clinical stage , and tumor grade . This inverse association was apparent mainly among men with a BMI > or=25 kg/m(2 ) ( HR(Q5 vs Q1)= 0.10 ; 95 % CI 0.01 - 0.78 ; P(trend ) = 0.02 ) , but not among men of normal weight ( P(trend ) = 0.51 ) . Although the correlation of leptin concentrations with BMI ( r = 0.58 , P < 0.001 ) was stronger than that of adiponectin ( r = -0.17 , P < 0.001 ) , leptin was unrelated to prostate cancer risk or mortality . CONCLUSIONS Higher prediagnostic adiponectin ( but not leptin ) concentrations predispose men to a lower risk of developing high- grade prostate cancer and a lower risk of subsequently dying from the cancer , suggesting a mechanistic link between obesity and poor prostate cancer outcome
Conclusions The current evidence does not suggest an association between leptin and PCa outcome .
However , there may be an inverse association between adiponectin and the incidence of advanced PCa that should be investigated by further studies .
Background Obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for prostate cancer ( PCa ) .
In obesity , serum levels of the appetite-regulating hormones — leptin , adiponectin , and ghrelin — become deregulated .
Objective To explore whether serum levels of appetite-regulating hormones associate with the incidence of PCa , the incidence of advanced disease , or PCa-specific mortality .