Conclusion : These data suggest that sedentary behavior is not associated with changes in cognitive performance in interventions that intend to reduce sedentary behavior .
Background : It is now well-established that sedentarity has a negative impact on the physiological functioning and health of humans , whereas very little is known about the psychological repercussions , especially in cognitive functioning .
Yet , study ing the cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle is particularly relevant in the short term for productivity and in the long term for cognitive health ( accelerated aging ) .
This systematic review therefore aims to make an inventory of the potential cognitive effects of sedentarity at the workplace .
Methods : Pubmed , PsycINFO , Cochrane , Web of Science , and Scopus were search ed for English- language peer- review ed articles published between January 1 , 2000 and December 31 , 2017 to identify studies including sedentary behavior  and objective measures from cognitive domains ( cognitive inhibition , cognitive flexibility , working memory , etc . ) .
Acute glucoregulatory and vascular outcomes of three strategies for interrupting prolonged sitting time in postmenopausal women: A pilot, laboratory-based, randomized, controlled, 4-condition, 4-period crossover trial
Background Prolonged sitting is associated with cardiometabolic and vascular disease . Despite emerging evidence regarding the acute health benefits of interrupting prolonged sitting time , the effectiveness of different modalities in older adults ( who sit the most ) is unclear . Methods In preparation for a future r and omized controlled trial , we enrolled 10 sedentary , overweight or obese , postmenopausal women ( mean age 66 years ±9 ; mean body mass index 30.6 kg/m2 ±4.2 ) in a 4-condition , 4-period crossover feasibility pilot study in San Diego to test 3 different sitting interruption modalities design ed to improve glucoregulatory and vascular outcomes compared to a prolonged sitting control condition . The interruption modalities included : a ) 2 minutes st and ing every 20 minutes ; b ) 2 minutes walking every hour ; and c ) 10 minutes st and ing every hour . During each 5-hr condition , participants consumed two identical , st and ardized meals . Blood sample s , blood pressure , and heart rate were collected every 30 minutes . Endothelial function of the superficial femoral artery was measured at baseline and end of each 5-hr condition using flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) . Participants completed each condition on separate days , in r and omized order . This feasibility pilot study was not powered to detect statistically significant differences in the various outcomes , however , analytic methods ( mixed models ) were used to test statistical significance within the small sample size . Results Nine participants completed all 4 study visits , one participant completed 3 study visits and then was lost to follow up . Net incremental area under the curve ( iAUC ) values for postpr and ial plasma glucose and insulin during the 5-hr sitting interruption conditions were not significantly different compared to the control condition . Exploratory analyses revealed that the 2-minute st and ing every 20 minutes and the 2-minute walking every hour conditions were associated with a significantly lower glycemic response to the second meal compared to the first meal ( i.e. , condition-matched 2-hour post-lunch glucose iAUC was lower than 2-hour post-breakfast glucose iAUC ) that withstood Bonferroni correction ( p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0084 , respectively ) . Using allometrically scaled data , the 10-minute st and ing every hour condition result ed in an improved FMD response , which was significantly greater than the control condition after Bonferroni correction ( p = 0.0033 ) . Conclusion This study suggests that brief interruptions in prolonged sitting time have modality-specific glucoregulatory and vascular benefits and are feasible in an older adult population . Larger laboratory and real-world intervention studies of pragmatic and effective methods to change sitting habits are needed . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02743286
Conclusion : These data suggest that sedentary behavior is not associated with changes in cognitive performance in interventions that intend to reduce sedentary behavior .
Background : It is now well-established that sedentarity has a negative impact on the physiological functioning and health of humans , whereas very little is known about the psychological repercussions , especially in cognitive functioning .
Yet , study ing the cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle is particularly relevant in the short term for productivity and in the long term for cognitive health ( accelerated aging ) .
This systematic review therefore aims to make an inventory of the potential cognitive effects of sedentarity at the workplace .
Methods : Pubmed , PsycINFO , Cochrane , Web of Science , and Scopus were search ed for English- language peer- review ed articles published between January 1 , 2000 and December 31 , 2017 to identify studies including sedentary behavior  and objective measures from cognitive domains ( cognitive inhibition , cognitive flexibility , working memory , etc . ) .