There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Effect of exercise training on energy expenditure, muscle volume, and maximal oxygen uptake in female adolescents.
OBJECTIVES American female adolescents are at high risk of a physically inactive lifestyle that likely leads to health problems later in life . We hypothesized that a brief program of endurance exercise training in female adolescents would result in increased energy expenditure and quantifiable structural and functional adaptations . STUDY DESIGN Forty-four high school girls ( aged 15 to 17 years , none were elite athletes ) enrolled in a 5-day per week anatomy class for 5 weeks and were r and omly assigned to control ( n = 22 ) and training groups . All subjects participated in a 2-hour daily teaching program . During the remaining time ( 2 hours ) , the training group members underwent endurance-type training and control group subjects participated in a computer workshop . The intervention was assessed by ( 1 ) comparison of total energy expenditure between groups with the doubly labeled water technique , ( 2 ) determination of changes in thigh muscle volume by magnetic resonance imaging , and ( 3 ) determination of changes in maximal oxygen uptake by use of respiratory gas exchange responses . RESULTS Total energy expenditure was significantly greater ( 15.3 % ) in the training group compared with the control subjects ( p < 0.003 ) . Five weeks of training led to a 4.3 % + /- 1 % increase in thigh muscle volume ( p < 0.0002 ) and a 12.1 % + /- 3.7 % increase in maximal oxygen uptake ( p < 0.004 ) ; there were no changes in the control group . The training effect was most pronounced in the least fit subjects . CONCLUSIONS Exercise training programs for female adolescents can be successfully integrated into a high school summer curriculum . Quantifiable , substantial structural and functional responses occur with relatively short periods of training . Approximately 60 % of the training response was related to factors independent of muscle size per se . These data may serve to better design physical activity programs for female adolescents
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .