Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Lifestyle Changes May Reverse Development of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study: a randomized trial
OBJECTIVE To compare and assess the single and joint effect of diet and exercise intervention for 1 year on insulin resistance and the development leading toward the insulin resistance syndrome . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An unmasked , r and omized 2 × 2 factorial intervention trial was applied with a duration of 1 year for each participant . The trial comprised 219 men and women with diastolic blood pressure of 86–99 mmHg , HDL cholesterol < 1.20 mmol/l , triglycerides > 1.4 mmol/l , total cholesterol of 5.20–7.74 mmol/l , and BMI > 24 kg/m2 . Participants were r and omly allocated to diet group ( n = 35 ) , diet and exercise group ( n = 67 ) , exercise group ( n = 54 ) , and control group ( n = 43 ) . The diet included increased intake of fish and reduced total fat intake . The exercise program entailed supervised endurance exercise three times a week . Baseline cross-sectional changes and 1-year changes in insulin resistance , fasting serum levels of insulin , C-peptide , proinsulin , glucose , and lipids as well as weight , mean blood pressure , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI-1 ) values were recorded . RESULTS The cross-sectional results at baseline showed significant correlations between the calculated insulin resistance and BMI ( r = 0.54 ) and correlations between the mean blood pressure ( mBP ) ( r = 0.26 ) and PAI-1 ( r = 0.40 ) . The 1-year diet intervention gave a significant decrease in the calculated insulin resistance from 4.6 to 4.2 and a positive correlation between the changes in insulin resistance and changes in BMI ( r = 0.40 ) . The diet and exercise intervention also led to significantly decreased insulin resistance ( from 5.0 to 4.0 ) . The exercise intervention did not significantly change insulin resistance . CONCLUSIONS The cross-sectional and 1-year intervention results supported each other and underscored the important connection between increased BMI and the development leading toward the insulin resistance syndrome
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .