Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .
Rating the methodological quality of single-subject designs and n-of-1 trials: Introducing the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) Scale
Rating scales that assess method ological quality of clinical trials provide a means to critically appraise the literature . Scales are currently available to rate r and omised and non-r and omised controlled trials , but there are none that assess single-subject design s. The Single-Case Experimental Design ( SCED ) Scale was developed for this purpose and evaluated for reliability . Six clinical research ers who were trained and experienced in rating method ological quality of clinical trials developed the scale and participated in reliability studies . The SCED Scale  is an 11-item rating scale for single-subject design s , of which 10 items are used to assess method ological quality and use of statistical analysis . The scale was developed and refined over a 3-year period . Content validity was addressed by identifying items to reduce the main sources of bias in single-case methodology as stipulated by authorities in the field , which were empirically tested against 85 published reports . Inter-rater reliability was assessed using a r and om sample of 20/312 single-subject reports archived in the Psychological Data base of Brain Impairment Treatment Efficacy ( PsycBITETM ) . Inter-rater reliability for the total score was excellent , both for individual raters ( overall ICC = 0.84 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.73–0.92 ) and for consensus ratings between pairs of raters ( overall ICC = 0.88 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.78–0.95 ) . Item reliability was fair to excellent for consensus ratings between pairs of raters ( range k = 0.48 to 1.00 ) . The results were replicated with two independent novice raters who were trained in the use of the scale ( ICC = 0.88 , 95 % confidence interval 0.73–0.95 ) . The SCED Scale thus provides a brief and valid evaluation of method ological quality of single-subject design s , with the total score demonstrating excellent inter-rater reliability using both individual and consensus ratings . Items from the scale can also be used as a checklist in the design , reporting and critical appraisal of single-subject design s , thereby assisting to improve st and ards of single-case methodology
Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .