WIDER IMPLICATION S The findings of this review indicate that alcohol consumption , particularly low and moderate alcohol intake , might be associated with later onset of menopause although the magnitude of the association is low .
BACKGROUND Early onset of menopause is associated with long-term health risks , including cardiovascular disease and premature death .
Although alcohol intake has been suggested to affect the age at which natural menopause occurs , results from observational studies are not consistent .
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In the view of the differing risks to the health of early menopause and the increasing trends in alcohol consumption in women , in this systematic review , we aim ed to quantify the association between all levels of alcohol consumption and menopause onset .
Correlates of menstrual cycle characteristics among nulliparous Danish women
Objective We examined the association between lifestyle factors and menstrual cycle characteristics among nulliparous Danish women aged 18–40 years who were participating in an Internet-based prospect i ve cohort study of pregnancy planners . Methods We used cross-sectional data collected at baseline to assess the association of age , body mass index ( BMI ) , physical activity , alcohol and caffeine consumption , and smoking with the prevalence of irregular cycles , short ( ≤25 days ) and long ( ≥33 days ) cycles , and duration and amount of menstrual flow . We used log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression to estimate prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals . Results Low physical activity and heavy alcohol consumption were associated with an increased prevalence of irregular periods . High BMI , smoking , and caffeine and alcohol consumption were related to an increased prevalence of short menstrual cycles and heavy menstrual bleeding . Women in their mid-to-late thirties had shorter and lighter menstrual flow , but a lower prevalence of irregular cycles , compared with women 18–25 years of age . Discussion In this study , increased age , high BMI , and sedentary behavior were associated with menstrual-pattern irregularities . These factors may influence the balance and level of endogenous hormones conducive to optimal menstrual function
WIDER IMPLICATION S The findings of this review indicate that alcohol consumption , particularly low and moderate alcohol intake , might be associated with later onset of menopause although the magnitude of the association is low .
BACKGROUND Early onset of menopause is associated with long-term health risks , including cardiovascular disease and premature death .
Although alcohol intake has been suggested to affect the age at which natural menopause occurs , results from observational studies are not consistent .
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In the view of the differing risks to the health of early menopause and the increasing trends in alcohol consumption in women , in this systematic review , we aim ed to quantify the association between all levels of alcohol consumption and menopause onset .