Quantitative relations between baseline iron status , study duration , and iron dose on changes in iron-status biomarkers , which were generated from the meta-analyses , can be used to predict effects of trials of iron supplementation and fortification and to design iron-intervention programs
BACKGROUND The response of status biomarkers to an increase in iron supply depends on several physiologic and environmental factors , which make it difficult to predict the outcome of an intervention .
OBJECTIVE We assessed effects of baseline iron status , sex , menopausal status , duration of intervention , iron form , and daily dose on the change in iron status in response to iron supplementation .
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of an iron-fortified food product in female soldiers during military training: relations between iron status, serum hepcidin, and inflammation.
BACKGROUND Iron status de grade s in female soldiers during military training . Inflammation-mediated up-regulation of hepcidin , a key mediator of iron homeostasis , may be a contributing factor . OBJECTIVE We measured the efficacy of an iron-fortified food product for maintaining iron status in female soldiers during basic combat training ( BCT ) and examined relations between iron status , serum hepcidin concentrations , and inflammation . DESIGN A r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted . Volunteers received an iron-fortified food product ( total dose = 56 mg Fe/d ) or a placebo twice daily during the 9-wk BCT course . Iron-status indicators , serum hepcidin concentrations , and markers of inflammation were measured pre- and post-BCT . RESULTS BCT affected iron status ; serum ferritin concentrations decreased ( P < or = 0.05 ) , and concentrations of soluble transferrin receptor ( sTfR ) and hemoglobin and the red cell distribution width increased ( P < or = 0.05 ) . Consumption of the iron-fortified food product attenuated declines in iron status in iron-deficient anemic soldiers ; a group-by-time interaction was observed for hemoglobin and sTfR concentrations ( P < or = 0.05 ) . Serum hepcidin concentrations were not affected by BCT ; however , hepcidin concentrations were lower in iron-deficient anemic soldiers than in those with normal iron status ( P < or = 0.05 ) and were positively associated with serum ferritin ( P < or = 0.05 ) and C-reactive protein ( P < or = 0.05 ) concentrations pre- and post-BCT . CONCLUSIONS Twice-daily consumption of an iron-fortified food product improved iron status in iron-deficient anemic soldiers but not in iron-normal or iron-deficient nonanemic soldiers . Serum hepcidin concentrations were not affected by training but were associated with iron status and inflammation pre- and post-BCT . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01100905
Quantitative relations between baseline iron status , study duration , and iron dose on changes in iron-status biomarkers , which were generated from the meta-analyses , can be used to predict effects of trials of iron supplementation and fortification and to design iron-intervention programs
BACKGROUND The response of status biomarkers to an increase in iron supply depends on several physiologic and environmental factors , which make it difficult to predict the outcome of an intervention .
OBJECTIVE We assessed effects of baseline iron status , sex , menopausal status , duration of intervention , iron form , and daily dose on the change in iron status in response to iron supplementation .