Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Value of structured meals for weight management: risk factors and long-term weight maintenance.
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in biomarkers of disease risk after 51 months of reduced energy intake and sustained weight loss . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES This study was conducted as a prospect i ve , r and omized , two-arm , parallel intervention for 12 weeks followed by a prospect i ve , single-arm , 4-year trial in a university-based hospital clinic . One hundred patients were r and omly assigned to one of two dietary interventions for 3 months . Group A was prescribed an energy-restricted diet of 1200 to 1500 kcal/d , and group B was prescribed an isocaloric diet , whereby two of three meals were replaced with nutrient-fortified liquid meal replacements . After 3 months , the patients were prescribed the same caloric reduction and used once-daily replacements for the succeeding 4 years . Body weight and blood pressure were checked monthly . Biomarkers of disease risk were measured after 3 , 9 , 15 , 27 , and 51 months . RESULTS During the 3-month weight-loss period , body weight was reduced by 1.5 + /- 0.4 % and 7.8 + /- 0.5 % ( mean + /- SEM ) for groups A and B , respectively . After 4 years , 75 % of the patients were evaluated . Total mean weight loss was 3.3 + /- 0.8 % and 8.4 + /- 0.8 % for groups A and B , respectively . Both groups of patients showed significant improvement in glucose , insulin , triacylglycerol , and systolic blood pressure . Cholesterol concentrations were reduced in patients with high initial cholesterol levels and maintenance of a 7 % weight loss . DISCUSSION Providing a structured meal plan with liquid meal replacements is an effective treatment for obese subjects . Long-term maintenance of weight loss with meal replacements improves biomarkers of disease risk
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .