Perioperative risk factors were inconsistently associated with developmental outcomes .
INTERPRETATION The literature on children undergoing surgery in early infancy suggests that infants with a single ventricle are at highest risk of adverse developmental outcomes .
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) are at increased risk of impaired developmental outcome .
Children with single-ventricle CHD have worse outcomes than children with two-ventricle CHD .
Children with two-ventricle CHD gradually grow out of their initial developmental impairment .
Perioperative factors are inconsistently associated with outcome
AIM ( 1 ) To systematic ally review the literature on developmental outcomes from infancy to adolescence of children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) who underwent early surgery ; ( 2 ) to run a meta-regression analysis on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development , Second Edition Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index ( PDI ) of infants up to 24 months and IQs of preschool-aged children to adolescents ; ( 3 ) to assess associations between perioperative risk factors and outcomes .
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Surviving d‐Transposition of the Great Arteries
& NA ; We investigated the prevalence of neurological abnormalities and learning problems in a population cohort of children with dextro‐transposition of the great arteries ( d‐TGA ) born between January 1 , 1981 and July 1 , 1990 . Fifty‐seven of the 60 survivors and 35 siblings in the control group underwent  neurodevelopmental assessment s. As compared with population norms , children with d‐TGA were more likely to have abnormal neurological examination findings , learning disabilities , and behavioral disorders . There was no significant difference in IQ or frequency of abnormal neurological examination results between children undergoing atrial as compared with arterial switch procedures .  Compared with their siblings , the children with d‐TGA had more neurological findings and learning disabilities . The siblings of children with d‐TGA had more learning problems than expected . The findings suggest that ongoing surveillance is indicated for children surviving d‐TGA . Furthermore , a familial tendency for learning differences should to be taken into consideration when neurodevelopmental outcomes of various perioperative parameters are examined
Perioperative risk factors were inconsistently associated with developmental outcomes .
INTERPRETATION The literature on children undergoing surgery in early infancy suggests that infants with a single ventricle are at highest risk of adverse developmental outcomes .
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) are at increased risk of impaired developmental outcome .
Children with single-ventricle CHD have worse outcomes than children with two-ventricle CHD .
Children with two-ventricle CHD gradually grow out of their initial developmental impairment .
Perioperative factors are inconsistently associated with outcome
AIM ( 1 ) To systematic ally review the literature on developmental outcomes from infancy to adolescence of children with complex congenital heart disease ( CHD ) who underwent early surgery ; ( 2 ) to run a meta-regression analysis on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development , Second Edition Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index ( PDI ) of infants up to 24 months and IQs of preschool-aged children to adolescents ; ( 3 ) to assess associations between perioperative risk factors and outcomes .