This review summarised in detail the effects  SD exercise interventions had on sedentary middle-aged individuals alongside the adherence to the prescriptions .
SD exercise was seen to be beneficial for improving metabolic outcomes physical characteristics , cardiorespiratory fitness and functional measures
Many chronic diseases and illnesses are caused by the lifestyle , including the physical activity habits , of an individual .
As such , consistent high levels of exercise should be encouraged across the lifespan , to limit the risk of developing one of these conditions and allowing for healthy aging to occur .
Exercise prescriptions that encourage high completion and adherence rates in an independent manner and improve health related outcomes should be provided to individuals .
To date , no review has identified optimal prescriptions of exercise to achieve this in sedentary middle-aged adults and this is important , given the higher risk of developing illnesses in this population as they age .
This review examines the effects prescriptions of self-directed ( SD ) exercise has on adherence and health related outcomes in sedentary middle-aged individuals in good general health currently and aims to identify the most suitable forms of planned SD exercise that can be carried out independently .
Home-based exercise for middle-aged Chinese at diabetic risk: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate short- ( 3 months ) and long-term ( 9 months ) effects of home-based exercise on adiponectin , exercise behavior and metabolic risk factors in middle-aged adults at diabetic risk . METHODS One hundred and thirty-five middle-aged adults ( 38 men , 97 women ) with at least one diabetic risk factor were r and omly assigned to either a home-based exercise group ( Ex-group ) or a usual care group ( C-group ) . Outcome measures included plasma adiponectin , exercise self-efficacy , physical activity , and metabolic risk factors , as follows : insulin levels , insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA-IR ) , physical fitness , and components of metabolic syndrome . This study was conducted in metropolitan Taipei from 2004 to 2005 . RESULTS The Ex-group had improvements in exercise self-efficacy ( + 2.5 , p = 0.01 ) , body mass index ( BMI ) ( -0.6 kg/m2 , p < 0.001 ) and flexibility ( + 2.4 cm , p < 0.001 ) at 3-month follow-up and maintained BMI and flexibility at 9-month follow-up . The Ex-group exhibited significantly increased physical activity while the C-group exhibited decreased physical activity at 9-month follow-up ( p < 0.001 ) . No intervention effect was found on adiponectin ( p = 0.64 ) or other outcome measures over time . CONCLUSIONS Home-based exercise did not improve adiponectin levels , but significantly improved exercise behavior , and certain metabolic risk factors , with the effects maintained for 9-months in subjects with type 2 diabetic risk
This review summarised in detail the effects  SD exercise interventions had on sedentary middle-aged individuals alongside the adherence to the prescriptions .
SD exercise was seen to be beneficial for improving metabolic outcomes physical characteristics , cardiorespiratory fitness and functional measures
Many chronic diseases and illnesses are caused by the lifestyle , including the physical activity habits , of an individual .
As such , consistent high levels of exercise should be encouraged across the lifespan , to limit the risk of developing one of these conditions and allowing for healthy aging to occur .
Exercise prescriptions that encourage high completion and adherence rates in an independent manner and improve health related outcomes should be provided to individuals .
To date , no review has identified optimal prescriptions of exercise to achieve this in sedentary middle-aged adults and this is important , given the higher risk of developing illnesses in this population as they age .
This review examines the effects prescriptions of self-directed ( SD ) exercise has on adherence and health related outcomes in sedentary middle-aged individuals in good general health currently and aims to identify the most suitable forms of planned SD exercise that can be carried out independently .