Compared to non-active control treatments , NF appears to have more durable treatment effects , for at least 6 months following treatment .
Neurofeedback ( NF ) has gained increasing interest in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Given learning principles underlie NF , lasting clinical treatment effects may be expected .
This systematic review and meta- analysis addresses the sustainability of neurofeedback and control treatment effects by considering r and omized controlled studies that conducted follow-up ( FU ; 2–12 months ) assessment s among children with ADHD .
1-year follow-up of neurofeedback treatment in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomised controlled trial
Background Estimates of the effectiveness of neurofeedback as a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) are mixed . Aims To investigate the long-term additional effects of neurofeedback ( NFB ) compared with treatment as usual ( TAU ) for adolescents with ADHD . Method Using a multicentre parallel-r and omised controlled trial design , 60 adolescents with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD receiving NFB+TAU ( n=41 ) or TAU ( n=19 ) were followed up .  Neurofeedback treatment consisted of approximately 37 sessions of theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-training on the vertex ( Cz ) . Outcome measures included behavioural self-reports and neurocognitive measures . Allocation to the conditions was unmasked . Results At 1-year follow-up , inattention as reported by adolescents was decreased ( range ηp2=0.23–0.36 , P<0.01 ) and performance on neurocognitive tasks was faster ( range ηp2=0.20–0.67 , P<0.005 ) irrespective of treatment group . Conclusions Overall , NFB+TAU was as effective as TAU . Given the absence of robust additional effects of neurofeedback in the current study , results do not support the use of theta/SMR neurofeedback as a treatment for adolescents with ADHD and comorbid disorders in clinical practice . Declaration of interest None . Copyright and usage © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016 . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial , No Derivatives ( CC BY-NC-ND ) licence
Compared to non-active control treatments , NF appears to have more durable treatment effects , for at least 6 months following treatment .
Neurofeedback ( NF ) has gained increasing interest in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Given learning principles underlie NF , lasting clinical treatment effects may be expected .
This systematic review and meta- analysis addresses the sustainability of neurofeedback and control treatment effects by considering r and omized controlled studies that conducted follow-up ( FU ; 2–12 months ) assessment s among children with ADHD .