Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .
The effects of a school-based exercise program on neurophysiological indices of working memory operations in adolescents.
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a structured exercise program implemented during school break-time on working memory maintenance and neurophysiological indices of task preparation processes in adolescents . DESIGN Using class-wise r and om allocation , participants from four classes were divided into an  exercise ( n=20 ) and a wait-list control group ( n=16 ) . Over a period of eight weeks , the exercise group engaged in 20min of combined aerobic and coordinative exercise on each school day . METHODS Prior to and after the intervention period , participants performed a computer-based Sternberg task for the assessment of working memory performance . Simultaneously , the contingent negative variation ( CNV ) of event-related potentials was measured . RESULTS The exercise group demonstrated a larger decrease in reaction time from pre- to post-test relative to the control group , F(1 , 31)=13.5 , p<0.001 . No changes were found for accuracy on the Sternberg task across groups . Using cluster-based permutation testing , the analysis of event-related potentials revealed a significant increase of the initial CNV from pre- to post-test in the exercise group , cluster value=-2376.2 , p=0.006 , which was most pronounced for the fronto- central region , with no such effect observed for the control group . CONCLUSIONS Daily engagement in a short combined aerobic and coordinative exercise program following the school lunch time break elicits benefits for working memory in adolescents . These changes are accompanied by improvements of task preparation processes , which allow the selection of a more appropriate cognitive control strategy
Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks .
Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component , suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes .
These summary findings suggest physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better underst and the relationship of physical activity and cognition
Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component , this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30 + years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop .