None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .
Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet
OBJECTIVE To test the effects of two Mediterranean diet ( MedDiet ) interventions versus a low-fat diet on incidence of diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a three-arm r and omized trial in 418 nondiabetic subjects aged 55–80 years recruited in one center ( PREDIMED-Reus , northeastern Spain ) of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [ PREDIMED ] study , a large nutrition intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention in individuals at high cardiovascular risk . Participants were r and omly assigned to education on a low-fat diet ( control group ) or to one of two MedDiets , supplemented with either free virgin olive oil ( 1 liter/week ) or nuts ( 30 g/day ) . Diets were ad libitum , and no advice on physical activity was given . The main outcome was diabetes incidence diagnosed by the 2009 American Diabetes Association criteria . RESULTS After a median follow-up of 4.0 years , diabetes incidence was 10.1 % ( 95 % CI 5.1–15.1 ) , 11.0 % ( 5.9–16.1 ) , and 17.9 % ( 11.4–24.4 ) in the MedDiet with olive oil group , the MedDiet with nuts group , and the control group , respectively . Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes were 0.49 ( 0.25–0.97 ) and 0.48 ( 0.24–0.96 ) in the MedDiet supplemented with olive oil and nuts groups , respectively , compared with the control group . When the two MedDiet groups were pooled and compared with the control group , diabetes incidence was reduced by 52 % ( 27–86 ) . In all study arms , increased adherence to the MedDiet was inversely associated with diabetes incidence . Diabetes risk reduction occurred in the absence of significant changes in body weight or physical activity . CONCLUSIONS MedDiets without calorie restriction seem to be effective in the prevention of diabetes in subjects at high cardiovascular risk
None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .