Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .
Stroke risk in older men and women: aspirin, estrogen, exercise, vitamins, and other factors.
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors and preventive measures for stroke in elderly men and women . DESIGN Observational prospect i ve cohort study . SUBJECTS Women ( N = 8532 ) and men ( N = 4722 ) between the ages of 44 and 101 ( median age , 74 ) residing in a retirement community in southern California who had no previous history of stroke . METHODS Upon entering the study in 1981 , 1983 , or 1985 , study participants filled out a detailed health survey question naire about their medical history , exercise habits , intake of caffeinated beverages , alcohol , vitamins , and foods containing vitamins A or C , and history of smoking . Women also reported their use of estrogen replacement therapy . Cohort members were followed by periodic resurvey and by examination of death records through 1998 . Age-adjusted stroke incidence rates , relative risks , and 2-sided P values were calculated . RESULTS Between 1981 and 1998 , 1211 women and 773 men were hospitalized for cerebrovascular disease . In women , risk of cerebral occlusion decreased significantly with increasing duration and recency of estrogen use . Hypertension , diabetes , heart attack , and smoking were significant stroke risk factors in both women and men . Exercise reduced stroke risk in general , and antioxidant vitamin supplements decreased the risk of cerebral occlusion . CONCLUSION These results emphasize the role of lifestyle modification in the primary prevention of stroke and suggest that estrogen replacement therapy may be a potential preventive measure for women
Overall , the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified .
Moreover , higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality .
The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada 's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults .
Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases ( cardiovascular disease , stroke , hypertension , colon cancer , breast cancer , type 2 diabetes ( diabetes mellitus ) and osteoporosis ) .
The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically .