Quetiapine extended-release augmentation has not been found to be beneficial , in comparison to placebo , in non-responders to previously recommended pharmacotherapy .
In non-responders to cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) , switching to paroxetine/citalopram has been found to be more effective than continuing CBT .
Acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT ) has shown some improvement in patients ’ resistance to previous psychological/pharmacological interventions compared with a waiting-list condition .
Prolonged pharmacotherapy may produce significant improvement in patients with unsatisfactory response to short-term pharmacotherapy  , while switching to pharmacotherapy may help non-responders to CBT .
Purpose of Review Purpose of Review Management of treatment-resistant ( TR ) panic disorder ( PD ) is an unresolved issue .
In this paper , we provide a brief summary of previous findings , an up date d ( 2015–2017 ) systematic review of pharmacological/non-pharmacological studies , and our personal perspective on this topic .
Modulation of Hyperreactivity to 35% CO2 After One Week of Treatment With Paroxetine and Reboxetine: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study
Abstract : The effects of short treatments ( 7 days ) with paroxetine and with reboxetine on the reactivity to inhalations of 35 % carbon dioxide (CO2)/65 % oxygen ( O2 ) were compared in 28 patients with Panic Disorder who had positive responses to 35 % CO2 inhalations . A double-blind , r and omized design was applied . Each patient was given the 35 % CO2 challenge on days 0 ( before starting the treatment ) and 7 . Anxiety reactivity to CO2 decreased significantly with both drugs but the decrease was significantly stronger in the group treated with paroxetine . The rate of patients whose reactivity has reduced of at least 50 % after 7 days was significantly higher in the group treated with paroxetine ( 10/14 , 71.5 % ) than in the one treated with reboxetine ( 3/14 , 21.5 % ) . These results indicate that the modulation of the serotonergic system is more relevant for CO2 hyperreactivity than the modulation of the noradrenergic one
Quetiapine extended-release augmentation has not been found to be beneficial , in comparison to placebo , in non-responders to previously recommended pharmacotherapy .
In non-responders to cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) , switching to paroxetine/citalopram has been found to be more effective than continuing CBT .
Acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT ) has shown some improvement in patients ’ resistance to previous psychological/pharmacological interventions compared with a waiting-list condition .
Prolonged pharmacotherapy may produce significant improvement in patients with unsatisfactory response to short-term pharmacotherapy  , while switching to pharmacotherapy may help non-responders to CBT .
Purpose of Review Purpose of Review Management of treatment-resistant ( TR ) panic disorder ( PD ) is an unresolved issue .
In this paper , we provide a brief summary of previous findings , an up date d ( 2015–2017 ) systematic review of pharmacological/non-pharmacological studies , and our personal perspective on this topic .