No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults .
Across r and omised controlled trials ( k=40 ) and observational treatment studies ( k=40 ) , outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change .
Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms , life impact ( ie , quality of life , disability and general functioning ) and health economics/cost-utility ( eg , healthcare re source use and quality -adjusted life years ) .
CONCLUSIONS There are few well-vali date d FND-specific outcome measures .
OBJECTIVES We aim ed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder ( FND ) , to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes .
Pilot pharmacologic randomized controlled trial for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Objective : There have been few treatment trials for  psychogenic nonepileptic seizures ( PNES ) .  Some psychotherapies have been shown to improve PNES and comorbid symptom outcomes . We evaluated a pharmacologic intervention to test the hypothesis that sertraline would reduce PNES . Methods : We conducted a pilot , double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial in an academic medical hospital with epilepsy center out patients . Subjects aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with video-EEG – confirmed PNES were treated with flexible-dose sertraline or placebo over 12 weeks . Seizure calendars and symptom scales were charted prospect ively . Secondary outcome measures included psychiatric symptom scales and psychosocial variables . Results : Thirty-eight subjects enrolled , and 26 ( 68 % ) completed the trial . Thirty-three subjects with nonzero nonepileptic seizure rates at baseline were included in intent-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome . Subjects assigned to the sertraline arm experienced a 45 % reduction in seizure rates from baseline to final visit ( p = 0.03 ) vs an 8 % increase in placebo ( p = 0.78 ) . Secondary outcome scales revealed no significant between-group differences in change scores from baseline to final visit , after adjustment for differences at baseline . Conclusions : PNES were reduced in patients treated with a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor , whereas those treated with placebo slightly increased . This study provides feasibility data for a larger-scale study . Level of evidence : This study provides Class II evidence that flexible-dose sertraline up to a maximum dose of 200 mg is associated with a nonsignificant reduction in PNES rate compared with a placebo control arm ( risk ratio 0.51 , 95 % confidence interval 0.25–1.05 , p = 0.29 ) , adjusting for differences at baseline
No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults .
Across r and omised controlled trials ( k=40 ) and observational treatment studies ( k=40 ) , outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change .
Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms , life impact ( ie , quality of life , disability and general functioning ) and health economics/cost-utility ( eg , healthcare re source use and quality -adjusted life years ) .
CONCLUSIONS There are few well-vali date d FND-specific outcome measures .
OBJECTIVES We aim ed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder ( FND ) , to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes .