An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
Bond strength between different bonding systems and densely sintered alumina with sandblasted surfaces or as produced.
The traditional zinc phosphate cementation technique for crowns and fixed partial dentures ( FPDs ) is based on mechanical retention where the geometry of the prepared tooth provides retention for the restoration . In clinical situations where mechanical retention is compromised or regarded insufficient , a bonding system can be used to provide retention . This study investigates whether bond strengths of different bonding systems to densely sintered high-strength alumina ceramics are sufficient . One hundred twenty pairs of industrially manufactured specimens -- one block and one cylinder-shaped disc of densely sintered alumina -- were used . The cementation surfaces of the blocks were s and blasted with 110-microm aluminium oxide while the cementation surfaces of the discs were left untreated , as produced . The pairs were then bonded with one of six different bonding systems . Each bonding group of 20 sample s was r and omly divided into thermocycled and non-thermocycled subgroups ( n=10 ) . Both subgroups were stored 1 week in distilled water ( 37 degrees C ) . During this week , the thermocycled subgroup underwent 5000 thermocycles ( 5 degrees C-55 degrees C ) . Following pre-treatment , the specimens were loaded until fracture in a universal testing machine to determine shear bond strength . Data were analysed using student 's t-test and a one-way ANOVA . Fractured interfaces were examined under a light microscope to classify the failure mode of the debonded area as adhesive , cohesive , or a combination of the two . The highest bond strengths , achieved with two of the bonding systems , were significantly higher than the remaining bonding systems , irrespective of pretreatment--(p>0.001 ) . The predominant failure mode for both treated and untreated surfaces was adhesive . Two of the six tested bonding systems achieved sufficient shear bond strength to densely sintered alumina . Furthermore , recommendations on whether to use surface-treated or as produced densely sintered alumina must be based on which bonding system is being used
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .