The results showed that low-dose oral and transdermal estrogen in all dose ranges were more likely than placebo to decrease the frequency of VMS .
Indeed , the nanostructured formulation was safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of menopause .
Low-dose estrogen-based therapies can be the most effective regimens to relieve VMS .
These medications can be used by different administration routes and formulations
BACKGROUND Menopause is a critical phenomenon in women 's life .
After cardiac diseases , menopause is the second major cause of living with a disability in 45 - 60 year old women .
The majority of women will experience bothersome  vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) .
Menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) is the most effective treatment for these symptoms .
The objective of this review is to focus on hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms .
Transdermal estradiol gel 0.1% for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women
Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three doses of estradiol gel 0.1 % ( Divigel , a novel formulation consisting of 1 mg estradiol per 1 g transdermal gel ) to reduce the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms and signs of vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause . Design : A total of 488 postmenopausal women were evaluated in a 12-week study comparing placebo with estradiol gel 0.1 % at doses of 1.0 , 0.5 , and 0.25 mg/day , with estimated daily deliveries of 0.027 , 0.009 , and 0.003 mg of estradiol , respectively . Primary endpoints were the change from baseline in daily frequency and severity of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms . Change from baseline in the signs of vulvar and vaginal atrophy ( vaginal pH and percentage of superficial cells ) was also assessed . Results : Treatment with estradiol gel 0.1 % showed statistically significant reductions in frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms from baseline compared with placebo as early as Week 2 that were maintained throughout treatment . Signs of vulvar and vaginal atrophy were also significantly improved from baseline with all three doses of estradiol gel 0.1 % compared with placebo . Conclusions : Low-dose transdermal estradiol gel 0.1 % is an effective treatment for relief of vasomotor symptoms , as well as signs of vulvar and vaginal atrophy , associated with menopause . Estradiol gel 0.1 % offers multiple dosing options to individualize patient therapy , including the lowest available effective dose ( 0.25 mg estradiol , delivering 0.003 mg/d estradiol ) to treat the vasomotor symptoms of menopause
The results showed that low-dose oral and transdermal estrogen in all dose ranges were more likely than placebo to decrease the frequency of VMS .
Indeed , the nanostructured formulation was safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of menopause .
Low-dose estrogen-based therapies can be the most effective regimens to relieve VMS .
These medications can be used by different administration routes and formulations
BACKGROUND Menopause is a critical phenomenon in women 's life .
After cardiac diseases , menopause is the second major cause of living with a disability in 45 - 60 year old women .
The majority of women will experience bothersome  vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) .
Menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) is the most effective treatment for these symptoms .
The objective of this review is to focus on hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms .