An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
Bond strength of resin cements to a zirconia ceramic with different surface treatments.
This study evaluated the influence of surface treatments and metal primers on the bond strength of resin cements to a yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ( Y-TZP ) ceramic . Two-hundred and forty plates of Y-TZP ceramic were r and omly assigned to 24 groups ( n = 10 ) according to the combination of surface treatment  ( none , air abrasion with Al2O3 particles , Er : YAG laser irradiation ) , metal primer ( none , Alloy Primer , Metal Primer II or Metaltite ) and resin cement ( Calibra [ Bis-GMA-based ] or Panavia F2.0 [ MDP-based ] ) . Fragments of dentin with a cylindrical edge ( 0.8 mm in diameter ) were fixed to ceramic surfaces with the resin cements . The micro-shear bond test was carried out at a 1 mm/minute speed until failure , and the ceramic surfaces were examined after debonding . Bond strengths were analyzed through three-way ANOVA/Tukey test with a 5 % significance level . Changes in topography after surface treatments were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy . Surface treatments significantly modified the topography of the Y-TZP ceramic . Air abrasion result ed in increased bond strength for both resin cements . However , air abraded and laser irradiated specimens presented higher bond strength with the Bis-GMA-based resin cement than with the MDP-based cement . Both cements presented similar behavior on untreated surfaces . The three metal primers yielded a significant increase in bond strength , regardless of the surface treatment and resin cement . Adhesive failures were the most prevalent . Air abrasion with Al2O3 particles and the application of metal primers  increased bond strength to Y-TZP surfaces for both resin cements
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .