In general , stimulants improved driving performance in ADHD patients ( either in RCTs conducted in simulators and /or cars ) .
MPH-OROS  improved driving performance compared with MAS-XR , placebo , or no-drug conditions .
Although MPH-OROS and MPH-IR produced similar improvements during the day , MPH-IR lost its efficacy in the evening .
MAS-XR also improved driving performance , but worsened driving performance in the evening .
Studies with ATX report conflicting results .
Improvement was more consistent in teenagers and young adults .
In general , treatment with psychostimulants or ATX in therapeutic dosages had no negative impact on driving performance of ADHD patients .
To conclude , treatment with stimulants in therapeutic doses improves driving performance in ADHD patients , especially teenagers and young adults
Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) , especially teenagers and young adults , show important car driving impairments , including risky driving , accidents , fines and suspension of driver׳s license .
We systematic ally review ed the efficacy of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs on driving performance of ADHD patients .
Controlled-release methylphenidate improves attention during on-road driving by adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is associated with a 3- to 4-fold increase in both driving-related accidents and associated injuries .  Methylpheni date ( MPH ) is the most commonly prescribed psychostimulant medication for ADHD . It has been demonstrated to improve performance on a driving simulator . This study investigated whether a once-daily , long-acting , osmotic , controlled-release MPH formulation improves the driving performance of ADHD adolescents while driving their own car on an actual road segment . METHODS Twelve ADHD-diagnosed male adolescent drivers ( mean age , 17.8 years ) prescribed a st  and ard  dose of 1.0 mg/kg ( if they were not already taking methylpheni date ) of controlled-release MPH participated in this repeated- measures crossover study . On 2 separate occasions ( off/on medication r and omized ) , participants drove a st and ard 16-mile road course incorporating rural , highway , and urban streets . A rater , blind to medication conditions , sat in the back seat and rated impulsive ( eg , " cutting off " another driver ) and inattentive ( eg , drove past design ated turn ) driving errors . RESULTS Impulsive driving errors were observed to occur rarely under both medication and no medication conditions . Inattentive driving errors were more common and were significantly reduced while the subject was on medication ( 4.6 versus 7.8 ; P < .01 ) . The improvement in driving performance ( change in number of errors recorded ) from first to second testing was positively correlated with medication dosage ( r = 0.60 ; P < .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Once-daily controlled-release MPH improves real-life driving performance of adolescent males diagnosed with ADHD . In particular , it significantly reduces driving errors arising from inattention
In general , stimulants improved driving performance in ADHD patients ( either in RCTs conducted in simulators and /or cars ) .
MPH-OROS  improved driving performance compared with MAS-XR , placebo , or no-drug conditions .
Although MPH-OROS and MPH-IR produced similar improvements during the day , MPH-IR lost its efficacy in the evening .
MAS-XR also improved driving performance , but worsened driving performance in the evening .
Studies with ATX report conflicting results .
Improvement was more consistent in teenagers and young adults .
In general , treatment with psychostimulants or ATX in therapeutic dosages had no negative impact on driving performance of ADHD patients .
To conclude , treatment with stimulants in therapeutic doses improves driving performance in ADHD patients , especially teenagers and young adults
Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) , especially teenagers and young adults , show important car driving impairments , including risky driving , accidents , fines and suspension of driver׳s license .
We systematic ally review ed the efficacy of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs on driving performance of ADHD patients .