Preoperative smoking status was not observed to be associated with postoperative mortality , cardiovascular complications , bleedings , anastomotic leakage , or allograft rejection .
CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of the following postoperative complications : general morbidity , wound complications , general infections , pulmonary complications , neurological complications , and admission to the intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type .
BACKGROUND The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complications are inconsistent , thus there is a need for a review and meta- analysis to summarize the existing evidence .
Cigarette smoking and flap and full-thickness graft necrosis.
The association between cigarette smoking and necrosis of flaps and full-thickness grafts was analyzed in 220 patients . Review of a series of 916 flaps and full-thickness grafts revealed 44 patients in whom some degree of tissue necrosis occurred . These patients with necrosis were age and gender matched with 176 controls r and omly selected from the remaining 872 patients . Current high-level smokers , that is those smoking one or more packs per day , had necrosis develop approximately three times more frequently than never smokers , low-level smokers ( less than one pack per day ) , or former smokers ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.2 to 8.2 ) . Former smokers ( relative risk , 1.4 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.6 to 3.2 ) and low-level smokers ( relative risk , 1.1 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.2 to 6.1 ) were at a negligible increased risk for necrosis that was not significantly different from never smokers . Once tissue necrosis developed , the median percent of the visible flap or graft tissue that necrosed was approximately threefold greater among current smokers ( regardless of the number of packs per day smoked ) than never smokers
Preoperative smoking status was not observed to be associated with postoperative mortality , cardiovascular complications , bleedings , anastomotic leakage , or allograft rejection .
CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of the following postoperative complications : general morbidity , wound complications , general infections , pulmonary complications , neurological complications , and admission to the intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type .
BACKGROUND The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complications are inconsistent , thus there is a need for a review and meta- analysis to summarize the existing evidence .