The review demonstrated that the WHO-5 has high clinimetric validity , can be used as an outcome measure balancing the wanted and unwanted effects of treatments , is a sensitive and specific screening tool for depression and its applicability across study fields is very high .
Conclusions : The WHO-5 is a short question naire consisting of 5 simple and non-invasive questions , which tap into the subjective well-being of the respondents .
The scale has adequate validity both as a screening tool for depression and as an outcome measure in clinical trials and has been applied successfully across a wide range of study fields
Background : The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index ( WHO-5 ) is among the most widely used question naires assessing subjective psychological well-being .
Since its first publication in 1998 , the WHO-5 has been translated into more than 30 language s and has been used in research studies all over the world .
We now provide a systematic review of the literature on the WHO-5 .
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in mood, breast- and endocrine-related quality of life, and well-being in stage 0 to III breast cancer: a randomized, controlled trial.
PURPOSE To assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) for mood , breast- and endocrine-specific quality of life , and well-being after hospital treatment in women with stage 0 to III breast cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS A r and omized , wait-listed , controlled trial was carried out in 229 women after surgery , chemotherapy , and radiotherapy for breast cancer . Patients were r and omly assigned to the 8-week MBSR program or st and ard care .  Profile of Mood States ( POMS ; primary outcome ) , Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast ( FACT-B ) , Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Symptoms ( FACT-ES ) scales and the WHO five-item well-being question naire ( WHO-5 ) evaluated mood , quality of life , and well-being at weeks 0 , 8 , and 12 . For each outcome measure , a repeated- measures analysis of variance model , which incorporated week 0 measurements as a covariate , was used to compare treatment groups at 8 and 12 weeks . RESULTS There were statistically significant improvements in outcome in the experimental group compared with control group at both 8 and 12 weeks ( except as indicated ) for POMS total mood disturbance ( and its subscales of anxiety , depression [ 8 weeks only ] , anger [ 12 weeks only ] , vigor , fatigue , and confusion [ 8 weeks only ] ) , FACT-B , FACT-ES , ( and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy subscales of physical , social [ 8 weeks only ] , emotional , and functional well-being ) , and WHO-5 . CONCLUSION MSBR improved mood , breast- and endocrine-related quality of life , and well-being more effectively than st and ard care in women with stage 0 to III breast cancer , and these results persisted at three months . To our knowledge , this study provided novel evidence that MBSR can help alleviate long-term emotional and physical adverse effects of medical treatments , including endocrine treatments . MBSR is recommended to support survivors of breast cancer
The review demonstrated that the WHO-5 has high clinimetric validity , can be used as an outcome measure balancing the wanted and unwanted effects of treatments , is a sensitive and specific screening tool for depression and its applicability across study fields is very high .
Conclusions : The WHO-5 is a short question naire consisting of 5 simple and non-invasive questions , which tap into the subjective well-being of the respondents .
The scale has adequate validity both as a screening tool for depression and as an outcome measure in clinical trials and has been applied successfully across a wide range of study fields
Background : The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index ( WHO-5 ) is among the most widely used question naires assessing subjective psychological well-being .
Since its first publication in 1998 , the WHO-5 has been translated into more than 30 language s and has been used in research studies all over the world .
We now provide a systematic review of the literature on the WHO-5 .