In addition , 19 letters to the editor/ review s/editorials/experts ' surveys/experts ' opinion were used for discussion purpose s. Conclusions NVAF is highly prevalent among ICH survivors .
The risks of IS , recurrent ICH , and mortality are heightened in this group .
Most published data show a net benefit in terms of IS prevention and mortality when anticoagulation is restarted .
Background We summarize the existing evidence on the potential benefit of oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) survivors with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) .
Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND Recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage is the hallmark of cerebral amyloid angiopathy . The factors that predispose patients to early recurrence of lobar hemorrhage are unknown . One c and i date is the apolipoprotein E gene , since both the epsilon2 and the epsilon4 alleles of apolipoprotein E appear to be associated with the severity of amyloid angiopathy . METHODS We performed a prospect i ve , longitudinal study of consecutive elderly patients who survived a lobar intracerebral hemorrhage . The patients were followed for recurrent hemorrhagic stroke by interviews at six-month intervals and review s of medical records and computed tomographic scans . RESULTS Nineteen of 71 enrolled patients had recurrent hemorrhages during a mean follow-up period of 23.9+/-14.8 months , yielding a 2-year cumulative rate of recurrence of 21 percent . The apolipoprotein E genotype was significantly associated with the risk of recurrence . Carriers of the epsilon2 or epsilon4 allele had a two-year rate of recurrence of 28 percent , as compared with only 10 percent for patients with the common apolipoprotein E epsilon3/epsilon3 genotype ( risk ratio , 3.8 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 1.2 to 11.6 ; P=0.01 ) . Early recurrence occurred in eight patients , four of whom had the uncommon epsilon2/epsilon4 genotype . Also at increased risk for recurrence were patients with a history of hemorrhagic stroke before entry into the study ( two-year recurrence , 61 percent ; risk ratio , 6.4 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 2.2 to 18.5 ; P<0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS The apolipoprotein E genotype can identify patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage who are at highest risk for early recurrence . This finding makes possible both the provision of prognostic information to patients with lobar hemorrhage and a method of targeting and assessing potential strategies for prevention
In addition , 19 letters to the editor/ review s/editorials/experts ' surveys/experts ' opinion were used for discussion purpose s. Conclusions NVAF is highly prevalent among ICH survivors .
The risks of IS , recurrent ICH , and mortality are heightened in this group .
Most published data show a net benefit in terms of IS prevention and mortality when anticoagulation is restarted .
Background We summarize the existing evidence on the potential benefit of oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) survivors with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) .