There is no evidence that PUFA supplementation in infancy has an effect on infant or childhood allergy , asthma , dermatitis/eczema or food allergy .
However , the quality of evidence was very low .
There was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on allergic rhinitis
BACKGROUND Early dietary intakes may influence the development of allergic disease .
It is important to determine if dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) given as supplements or added to infant formula prevent the development of allergy .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of higher PUFA intake during infancy to prevent allergic disease .
Reduced ex vivo stimulated IL-6 response in infants randomized to fish oil from 9 to 18 months, especially among PPARG2 and COX2 wild types.
We investigated whether n-3 LCPUFA affected  immune function in late infancy and explored effect-modification by single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) and links to intestinal microbiota . Infants ( n=105 ) were r and omized to fish oil ( FO , 1.2g/d n-3 LCPUFA ) or sunflower oil (SO)-supplements from age 9 - 18 months .  Immune function was assessed by ex vivo cytokine production in stimulated blood and plasma immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) . We genotyped functional SNPs in PPARG2 and COX2 and analyzed fecal microbiota by 16S-rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism . FO compared to SO reduced Lactobacillus paracasei-stimulated IL-6 at 18 months ( P=0.03 , n=104 ) . This effect was most pronounced among infants wild-type for PPARG2-Pro12Ala and /or COX2-T8473C ( P<0.05 ) . Predominant bacterial fragments were associated with 18 months IgE in all infants ( P=0.004 ) ( bp100 ) and with IL-6 production among infants weaned before 9 months ( P=0.047 ) ( bp102 ) . Thus , FO  reduced IL-6 in a genotype-modified manner . The microbiota was partly linked to IL-6 and IgE , not directly to FO
There is no evidence that PUFA supplementation in infancy has an effect on infant or childhood allergy , asthma , dermatitis/eczema or food allergy .
However , the quality of evidence was very low .
There was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on allergic rhinitis
BACKGROUND Early dietary intakes may influence the development of allergic disease .
It is important to determine if dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) given as supplements or added to infant formula prevent the development of allergy .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of higher PUFA intake during infancy to prevent allergic disease .