Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
Effects of atrial fibrillation on long-term outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan: a report from the Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology (JCARE-CARD).
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is a common arrhythmia in patients with heart failure ( HF ) , but its prognostic importance is controversial . The effect of AF on long-term outcomes , including mortality and rehospitalization , among unselected HF patients hospitalized with HF in routine clinical practice in Japan was assessed in the present study . METHODS AND RESULTS The Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology ( JCARE-CARD ) prospect ively studied the characteristics and treatment strategies of a broad sample of patients hospitalized with worsening HF and the outcomes were followed with an average of 2.4 years of follow-up . The study cohort ( n=2,659 ) was grouped according to the presence ( n=937 ; 35.2 % ) or absence ( n=1,722 ; 64.8 % ) of AF at baseline . After multivariable adjustment , patients with and without AF had a comparable risk for all-cause death ( adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) 0.931 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.690 - 1.258 , P=0.643 ) , cardiac death ( adjusted HR 0.949 , 95%CI 0.655 - 1.377 , P=0.784 ) , rehospitalization because of the worsening HF ( adjusted HR 1.028 , 95%CI 0.816 - 1.295 , P=0.816 ) , and all-cause death or rehospitalization ( adjusted HR 1.039 , 95%CI 0.842 - 1.281 , P=0.722 ) . CONCLUSIONS Among patients hospitalized for HF in Japan , AF was common , but was not an independent risk for long-term adverse outcomes , including death or rehospitalization , in routine clinical practice
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .