Controlled trials on infant neurodevelopment were lacking ; gestational iodine supplementation reduced maternal thyroid volume and serum thyroglobulin and in some studies prevented a rise in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone .
Iodine supplementation improves some maternal thyroid indices and may benefit aspects of cognitive function in school-age children , even in marginally iodine-deficient areas .
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognised , the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are uncertain .
OBJECTIVES We undertook a systematic review of the impact of iodine supplementation in population s with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency .
Evolution of thyroid autoimmunity during iodine prophylaxis--the Sri Lankan experience.
OBJECTIVE To study the evolution of thyroid autoimmunity , in relation to the change in goitre prevalence , during 3 Years of iodine prophylaxis  in Sri Lanka . METHODS Two groups of Sri Lankan schoolgirls between the ages of 10.8 and 17.5 Years were studied in 1998 ( 401 girls ) and 2001 ( 282 girls ) . A prospect i ve study was performed in 42 schoolgirls who were thyroid autoantibody (Ab)-positive ( + ve ) in 1998 .  Anthropometric measures , urinary iodine excretion ( UIE ) , thyroid Volume , free thyroxine , free tri-iodothyronine , TSH , and thyroglobulin ( Tg ) and thyroid peroxidase ( TPO ) Ab were evaluated in all 683 girls . RESULTS Goitre prevalence was significantly lower in 2001 compared with 1998 related to age ( 2.9 % compared with 20.2 % ) and body surface area ( 11.6 % compared with 40.8 % ) , although UIE was unchanged . Prevalence of thyroid Ab in 2001 was also lower ( 23.4 % compared with 49.9 % ) ; among those with the Ab , 34.8 % had TgAb alone and 46.9 % had a combination of TgAb+TPOAb , compared with 82.0 % TgAb alone in 1998 . In 2001 , sub clinical hypothyroidism was more frequent in Ab+ve ( 6.3 % ) than Ab-negative girls ( 1.0 % ) . A cohort of 42 Ab+ve schoolgirls in 1998 ( 34 with TgAb alone , eight with TgAb+TPOAb ) were evaluated again in 2001 . Only 10 of them ( 23.8 % ) remained Ab+ve ( mostly TPOAb+/-TgAb ) in 2001 . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that : ( 1 ) in 2001 , goitre prevalence and thyroid autoimmunity rates were significantly lower than in 1998 ; ( 2 ) the pattern of thyroid Ab was different in the two surveys ; ( 3 ) in 2001 alone , the occurrence of hypothyroidism was correlated with the presence of thyroid autoimmunity . These results indicate an evolution of thyroid autoimmune markers during the course of iodine prophylaxis , which has not been described before
Controlled trials on infant neurodevelopment were lacking ; gestational iodine supplementation reduced maternal thyroid volume and serum thyroglobulin and in some studies prevented a rise in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone .
Iodine supplementation improves some maternal thyroid indices and may benefit aspects of cognitive function in school-age children , even in marginally iodine-deficient areas .
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognised , the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are uncertain .
OBJECTIVES We undertook a systematic review of the impact of iodine supplementation in population s with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency .