The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations , derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature .
BACKGROUND Currently , there is no evidence -based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research setting s. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest- quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion .
The goal was to establish an evidence -based foundation from which to derive , in future work , a definition , diagnostic criteria , and prognostic indicators for concussion .
Relationships among post-concussive symptoms and symptoms of PTSD in children following mild traumatic brain injury
Primary objective : To investigate the occurrence of post-concussive symptoms ( PCS ) and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) in children following mild traumatic brain injuries ( TBI ) . Research design : Longitudinal study comparing the outcomes of  mild TBI and orthopaedic injuries ( OI ) in children aged 8–15 . Methods and procedures : One hundred and eighty-six children with mild TBI and 99 with OI were recruited prospect ively . Parents rated children 's PCS and symptoms of PTSD at 2 weeks , 3 months and 12 months post-injury . One hundred and sixty-seven with mild TBI and 84 with OI completed all assessment s. Main outcomes and results : Controlling for symptoms of PTSD , the mild TBI group demonstrated more PCS than the OI group , although the magnitude of group differences diminished with time . Controlling for PCS , the OI group displayed more symptoms of PTSD than the mild TBI group at baseline , but not thereafter . Symptoms of PTSD and PCS were correlated significantly , but more highly in the OI group than the mild TBI group . Conclusions : Although PCS and symptoms of PTSD are correlated , children with mild TBI are more distinguishable from children with OI based on PCS than on symptoms of PTSD . The latter symptoms , moreover , do not account for increased PCS following mild TBI in children
The results of this systematic review identify the consistent and prevalent indicators of concussion and their associations , derived from the strongest evidence in the published literature .
BACKGROUND Currently , there is no evidence -based definition for concussion that is being uniformly applied in clinical and research setting s. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the highest- quality literature about concussion and to assemble evidence about the prevalence and associations of key indicators of concussion .
The goal was to establish an evidence -based foundation from which to derive , in future work , a definition , diagnostic criteria , and prognostic indicators for concussion .