Vitamin D supplementation had no statistically significant effects on total body bone mineral content ( BMC ) , hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) or forearm BMD .
These results do not support vitamin D supplementation to improve bone density in healthy children with normal vitamin D levels , but suggest that supplementation of deficient children may be clinical ly useful .
BACKGROUND Results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) of vitamin D supplementation to improve  bone density in children are inconsistent .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for improving  bone mineral density in children , whether any effect varies by sex , age or pubertal stage , the type or dose of vitamin D given or baseline vitamin D status , and if effects persist after cessation of supplementation .
Increasing weight-bearing physical activity and calcium-rich foods to promote bone mass gains among 9–11 year old girls: outcomes of the Cal-Girls study
Background A two-year , community-based , group-r and omized trial to promote bone mass gains among 9–11 year-old girls through increased intake of calcium-rich foods and weight-bearing physical activity was evaluated . Methods Following baseline data collection , 30 5th- grade Girl Scout troops were r and omized to a two-year behavioral intervention program or to a no-treatment control group . Evaluations were conducted at baseline , one year , and two years . Measures included bone mineral content , density , and area ( measured by DXA ) , dietary calcium intake ( 24-hour recall ) , and weight-bearing physical activity ( physical activity checklist interview ) . Mixed-model regression was used to evaluate treatment-related changes in bone mineral content ( g ) for the total body , lumbar spine ( L1-L4 ) , proximal femur , one-third distal radius , and femoral neck . Changes in eating and physical activity behavioral outcomes were examined . Results Although the intervention was implemented with high fidelity , no significant intervention effects were observed for total bone mineral content or any specific bone sites . Significant intervention effects were observed for increases in dietary calcium . No significant intervention effects were observed for increases in weight-bearing physical activity . Conclusion Future research needs to identify the optimal dosage of weight-bearing physical activity and calcium-rich dietary behavior change required to maximize bone mass gains in pre-adolescent and adolescent girls
Vitamin D supplementation had no statistically significant effects on total body bone mineral content ( BMC ) , hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) or forearm BMD .
These results do not support vitamin D supplementation to improve bone density in healthy children with normal vitamin D levels , but suggest that supplementation of deficient children may be clinical ly useful .
BACKGROUND Results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) of vitamin D supplementation to improve  bone density in children are inconsistent .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for improving  bone mineral density in children , whether any effect varies by sex , age or pubertal stage , the type or dose of vitamin D given or baseline vitamin D status , and if effects persist after cessation of supplementation .