VAF should be considered in the rehabilitation of lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunctions .
However , it can not be unequivocally confirmed that VAF is effective in this population , owing to study heterogeneity and a lack of high- quality evidence .
Nevertheless , positive effects on lower extremity biomechanics and postural control have been identified .
BACKGROUND Verbal augmented feedback ( VAF ) is commonly used in physiotherapy rehabilitation of individuals with lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction or to induce motor learning for injury prevention .
Its effectiveness for acquisition , retention and transfer of learning of new skills in this population is unknown .
OBJECTIVES First , to investigate the effect of VAF for rehabilitation and prevention of lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction .
Second , to determine its effect on motor learning and the stages of acquisition , retention and transfer in this population .
Motor learning strategies in basketball players and its implications for ACL injury prevention: a randomized controlled trial
Purpose Adding external focus of attention ( EF , focus on the movement effect ) may optimize current anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury prevention programmes . The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of an EF , by a visual stimulus and an internal focus , by a verbal stimulus during unexpected sidestep cutting in female and male athletes and how these effects remained over time . Methods Ninety experienced basketball athletes performed sidestep cutting manoeuvres in three sessions ( S1 , S2 and S3 ) . In this r and omized controlled trial , athletes were allocated to three groups : visual ( VIS ) , verbal ( VER ) and control ( CTRL )  . Kinematics and kinetics were collected at the time of peak knee frontal plane moment . Results Males in the VIS group showed a larger vertical ground reaction force ( S1 : 25.4 ± 3.1 N/kg , S2 : 25.8 ± 2.9 N/kg , S3 : 25.2 ± 3.2 N/kg ) and knee flexion moments ( S1 : −3.8 ± 0.9 Nm/kg , S2 : −4.0 ± 1.2 Nm/kg , S3 : −3.9 ± 1.3 Nm/kg ) compared to the males in the VER and CTRL groups and to the females in the VIS group ( p < 0.05 ) . Additionally , the males in the VIS group reduced knee valgus moment and the females in the VER group reduced knee varus moment over time ( n.s . ) . Conclusion Male subjects clearly benefit from visual feedback . Females may need different feedback modes to learn a correct movement pattern . Sex-specific learning preferences may have to be acknowledged in day by day practice . Adding video instruction or feedback to regular training regimens when teaching athletes safe movement patterns and providing individual feedback might target suboptimal long-term results and optimize ACL injury prevention programmes . Level of evidence
VAF should be considered in the rehabilitation of lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunctions .
However , it can not be unequivocally confirmed that VAF is effective in this population , owing to study heterogeneity and a lack of high- quality evidence .
Nevertheless , positive effects on lower extremity biomechanics and postural control have been identified .
BACKGROUND Verbal augmented feedback ( VAF ) is commonly used in physiotherapy rehabilitation of individuals with lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction or to induce motor learning for injury prevention .
Its effectiveness for acquisition , retention and transfer of learning of new skills in this population is unknown .
OBJECTIVES First , to investigate the effect of VAF for rehabilitation and prevention of lower extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction .
Second , to determine its effect on motor learning and the stages of acquisition , retention and transfer in this population .