Bioceramics has significantly higher success rates than amalgam , but they were statistically similar to intermediate restorative material ( IRM ) and Super ethoxybenzoic acid ( Super EBA ) when used as retro grade filling material s in apical surgery .
However , it seems that the high success rates were not solely attributable to the type of the root-end filling material s. The surgical/microsurgical techniques and tooth prognostic factors may significantly affect treatment outcome
Introduction Periradicular surgery involves the placement of a root-end filling following root-end resection , to provide an apical seal to the root canal system .
Historically several material s have been used in order to achieve this seal .
Recently a class of material s known as Bioceramics have been adopted .
Leakage in vitro with IRM, high copper amalgam, and EBA cement as retrofilling materials.
An in vitro dye leakage study was performed to compare the sealing ability of  high copper amalgam with Copalite , IRM , and EBA cement when used as retrofilling material s. Fifty-one extracted anterior teeth were instrumented and then obturated with gutta-percha . The apical 3 mm of the roots were resected and 2-mm deep apical preparations were made . The roots were then r and omly placed into three groups and retrofilled with one of the experimental material s. After 72 h in India ink , the teeth were cleared and evaluated for leakage with a stereomicroscope . No leakage was evident in the three teeth used as negative controls and complete leakage was noted in the three positive control teeth . Statistical analysis showed that IRM and EBA cement had significantly less leakage than amalgam with Copalite . The difference between the EBA cement and IRM was not significant
Bioceramics has significantly higher success rates than amalgam , but they were statistically similar to intermediate restorative material ( IRM ) and Super ethoxybenzoic acid ( Super EBA ) when used as retro grade filling material s in apical surgery .
However , it seems that the high success rates were not solely attributable to the type of the root-end filling material s. The surgical/microsurgical techniques and tooth prognostic factors may significantly affect treatment outcome
Introduction Periradicular surgery involves the placement of a root-end filling following root-end resection , to provide an apical seal to the root canal system .
Historically several material s have been used in order to achieve this seal .
Recently a class of material s known as Bioceramics have been adopted .