RESULTS Conjunction analyses revealed overlapping hypoactivations between ADHD and sleep loss in executive function regions , notably the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex .
Sleep deprivation , however , was associated with significantly exaggerated hyperactivation in the thalamus .
Our study indicates that ADHD and sleep deprivation share a common neural signature : hypoactivation of executive function neuroanatomy .
In contrast , sleep loss , but not ADHD , was associated with thalamic hyperactivations , intimating a potential compensatory response in sleep loss not present in ADHD .
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Likewise , deficits in attention are a hallmark of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals .
Whether ADHD and sleep deprivation modulate common , or disparate , neural systems is unknown .
No study has yet utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) to investigate sleep loss in ADHD .
We address this gap by performing a novel meta- analysis to compare patterns of fMRI activation during sleep deprivation and ADHD .
Effects of sleep deprivation on impulsive behaviors in men and women
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on impulsive behavior .  Patients with impulse control disorders often report sleep problems , and sleep deprivation even in healthy individuals impairs cognition , decision-making , and perhaps impulse control . To characterize the effects of sleep loss on specific forms of impulsive behavior , we tested the effects of overnight , monitored sleep deprivation on measures of impulsivity and cognition in healthy volunteers . Ten men and ten women completed two 24 h sessions in r and om order , in which they were either allowed to sleep normally or remained awake all night . At 8:30 am and 6:15 pm on the day after sleep or no sleep , participants were tested on the  Balloon Analogue Risk Task ( BART ) , the Experiential Discounting Task , the Adjusting Amount Delay and Probability Discounting Task , and the Stop Task .  Participants also completed mood question naires and the  Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Matrix ( ANAM ) throughout the course of the day . Sleep deprivation did not affect most of the measures of impulsive behavior . However , on the BART , sleep deprivation decreased risk taking in women , but not men . Sleep deprivation produced expected increases in subjective fatigue , and impaired performance on measures of attention and cognitive efficiency on the ANAM . The results indicate that sleep deprivation does not specifically increase impulsive behaviors but may differentially affect risk taking in men and women
RESULTS Conjunction analyses revealed overlapping hypoactivations between ADHD and sleep loss in executive function regions , notably the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex .
Sleep deprivation , however , was associated with significantly exaggerated hyperactivation in the thalamus .
Our study indicates that ADHD and sleep deprivation share a common neural signature : hypoactivation of executive function neuroanatomy .
In contrast , sleep loss , but not ADHD , was associated with thalamic hyperactivations , intimating a potential compensatory response in sleep loss not present in ADHD .
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Likewise , deficits in attention are a hallmark of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals .
Whether ADHD and sleep deprivation modulate common , or disparate , neural systems is unknown .
No study has yet utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) to investigate sleep loss in ADHD .
We address this gap by performing a novel meta- analysis to compare patterns of fMRI activation during sleep deprivation and ADHD .