This review shows a beneficial effect of EWS in time to recurrence , percentage of people hospitalised and functioning in people with bipolar disorder .
BACKGROUND Recurrence rates for bipolar disorder are high despite effective treatments with mood stabiliser drugs .
Self-help treatments and psychological treatments that teach patients to recognise and manage early warning symptoms and signs ( EWS ) of impending manic or depressive episodes are popular with patients .
The main aim of such interventions is to intervene early and prevent bipolar episodes , thereby increasing the time to the next recurrence and preventing hospitalisation .
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of an EWS intervention plus treatment as usual ( TAU ) versus TAU ( involving and not involving a psychological therapy ) on time to manic , depressive and all bipolar episodes ( the primary outcome ) , hospitalisation , functioning , depressive and manic symptoms .
Intimate relationships and depression: is there a causal connection?
The causal pathways that link  depression and dissatisfaction in intimate relationships were estimated in 115 patients during the first 12 weeks of treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression .  Depression severity , as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory , was negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction at intake and at 12 weeks . However , structural equation modeling was not consistent with the hypothesis that depression severity has a causal effect on relationship satisfaction levels and suggested that relationship satisfaction may have only a weak reciprocal effect on depression severity . As predicted , married patients were substantially less depressed 12 weeks after the beginning of treatment , when controlling for initial depression severity . Contrary to expectations , marital status predicted improvement even when relationship satisfaction was controlled . Unexpectedly , dysthymia at intake was associated with low relationship satisfaction after 12 weeks , when initial relationship satisfaction was controlled , suggesting that chronic , low-level depression may have a stronger association with interpersonal problems than other forms of depression , such as major depressive episodes . The theoretical and clinical implication s of the findings are discussed
This review shows a beneficial effect of EWS in time to recurrence , percentage of people hospitalised and functioning in people with bipolar disorder .
BACKGROUND Recurrence rates for bipolar disorder are high despite effective treatments with mood stabiliser drugs .
Self-help treatments and psychological treatments that teach patients to recognise and manage early warning symptoms and signs ( EWS ) of impending manic or depressive episodes are popular with patients .
The main aim of such interventions is to intervene early and prevent bipolar episodes , thereby increasing the time to the next recurrence and preventing hospitalisation .
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of an EWS intervention plus treatment as usual ( TAU ) versus TAU ( involving and not involving a psychological therapy ) on time to manic , depressive and all bipolar episodes ( the primary outcome ) , hospitalisation , functioning , depressive and manic symptoms .