We conclude based on high quality evidence from r and omized controlled trials ( RCT ) , systematic review s and meta-analyses of cohort studies that singling out added sugars as unique culprits for metabolically based diseases such as obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears inconsistent with modern , high quality evidence and is very unlikely to yield health benefits .
While it is prudent to consume added sugars in moderation , the reduction of these components of the diet without other reductions of caloric sources seems unlikely to achieve any meaningful benefit
Added sugars are a controversial and hotly debated topic .
Consumption of added sugars has been implicated in increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases including obesity , cardiovascular disease , diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) as well as cognitive decline and even some cancers .
Support for these putative associations has been challenged , however , on a variety of fronts .
The purpose of the current review is to summarize high impact evidence including systematic review s , meta-analyses , and r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) , in an attempt to provide an overview of current evidence related to added sugars and health considerations .
This paper is an extension of a symposium held at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference entitled " Sweeteners and Health : Current Underst and ings , Controversies , Recent Research Findings and Directions for Future Research " .
Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men
OBJECTIVE Adverse effects of hypercaloric , high-fructose diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in human subjects have been shown repeatedly . The implication s of fructose in amounts close to usual daily consumption , however , have not been well studied . This study assessed the effect of moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose compared with glucose on glucose and lipid metabolism . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine healthy , normal-weight male volunteers ( aged 21–25 years ) were studied in this double-blind , r and omized , cross-over trial . All subjects consumed four different sweetened beverages ( 600 mL/day ) for 3 weeks each : medium fructose ( MF ) at 40 g/day , and high fructose ( HF ) , high glucose ( HG ) , and high sucrose ( HS ) each at 80 g/day . Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with [6,6]-2H2 glucose labeling were used to measure endogenous glucose production . Lipid profile , glucose , and insulin were measured in fasting sample s. RESULTS Hepatic suppression of glucose production during the clamp was significantly lower after HF ( 59.4 ± 11.0 % ) than HG ( 70.3 ± 10.5 % , P < 0.05 ) , whereas fasting glucose , insulin , and C-peptide did not differ between the interventions . Compared with HG , LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly higher after MF , HF , and HS , and free fatty acids were significantly increased after MF , but not after the two other interventions ( P < 0.05 ) . Subjects ’ energy intake during the interventions did not differ significantly from baseline intake . CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose significantly alter hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism compared with similar amounts of glucose
We conclude based on high quality evidence from r and omized controlled trials ( RCT ) , systematic review s and meta-analyses of cohort studies that singling out added sugars as unique culprits for metabolically based diseases such as obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears inconsistent with modern , high quality evidence and is very unlikely to yield health benefits .
While it is prudent to consume added sugars in moderation , the reduction of these components of the diet without other reductions of caloric sources seems unlikely to achieve any meaningful benefit
Added sugars are a controversial and hotly debated topic .
Consumption of added sugars has been implicated in increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases including obesity , cardiovascular disease , diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) as well as cognitive decline and even some cancers .
Support for these putative associations has been challenged , however , on a variety of fronts .
The purpose of the current review is to summarize high impact evidence including systematic review s , meta-analyses , and r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) , in an attempt to provide an overview of current evidence related to added sugars and health considerations .
This paper is an extension of a symposium held at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference entitled " Sweeteners and Health : Current Underst and ings , Controversies , Recent Research Findings and Directions for Future Research " .