Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Vitamin d, parathyroid hormone, and cardiovascular mortality in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo study.
BACKGROUND recent systematic review s have cast doubt on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease . No prior studies have investigated the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25[OH]D ) , 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1,25[OH](2)D ) , or intact parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular mortality in a temperate climate . METHODS a total of 1073 community-dwelling older adults were evaluated in 1997 - 1999 ; serum levels of 25(OH)D ( mean 42 ng/mL ) , 1,25(OH)(2)D ( median 29 pg/mL ) , and intact parathyroid hormone ( median 46 pg/mL ) were measured ; mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 74 mL/min/1.73 m(2 ) . Participants were followed up to 10.4 ( mean 6.4 ) years with 111 cardiovascular deaths . RESULTS in unadjusted Cox proportional hazards models , higher levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D were protective against cardiovascular mortality , whereas higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone predicted increased risk of cardiovascular death . After adjusting for age alone or multiple covariates , there was no significant association between 25(OH)D , 1,25(OH)(2)D , or intact parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular mortality ; results did not differ by an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2 ) or<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2 ) . CONCLUSION in this prospect i ve study of Caucasian , middle-income , community-dwelling older adults living in sunny southern California , serum levels of 25(OH)D , 1,25(OH)(2)D , and intact parathyroid hormone were not independently associated with cardiovascular mortality
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .