Inflammatory markers were most commonly measured followed by neurotransmitter-related genes and metabolite-detecting genes .
After exercise interventions , changes in biomarkers involved in neurotransmission and inflammation suggest a hypoalgesic exercise effect .
Significant biomarker associations were found with pain intensity , fatigue , depression , anxiety , and quality of life .
Discussion : It remains a question whether biomarkers can be used as objective measures for risk assessment , diagnosis , or evaluation or as surrogate endpoints in chronic pain .
Regardless , the potential translational value of biomarkers in chronic pain is evident .
Background : Chronic pain is highly prevalent .
Current management is challenged by lack of vali date d objective measures like biological markers .
Clinical pain studies employing exercise interventions have evaluated biomarkers ; however , it is unclear how exercise impacts biomarkers involved in pain pathways and whether these markers are associated with relevant pain-related outcomes .
This systematic review evaluates data from clinical studies employing exercise interventions in chronic musculoskeletal nonmalignant pain conditions in which biomarkers in pain pathways were measured .
Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2010.
OBJECTIVES This report presents health statistics from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS ) for the civilian noninstitutionalized adult population , classified by sex , age , race and Hispanic origin , education , family income , poverty status , health insurance coverage , marital status , and place and region of residence . Estimates are presented for selected chronic conditions and mental health characteristics , functional limitations , health status , health behaviors , health care access and utilization , and human immunodeficiency virus testing . Percentages and percent distributions are presented in both age-adjusted and unadjusted versions . DATA SOURCE NHIS is a household , multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 's National Center for Health Statistics . In 2010 , data were collected on 27,157 adults in the Sample Adult question naire . The conditional response rate was 77.3 % , and the final response rate was 60.8 % . The health information for adults in this report was obtained from one r and omly selected adult per family . In very rare instances where the sample adult was not able to respond for himself or herself , a proxy was used . HIGHLIGHTS In 2010 , 61 % of adults aged 18 years and over had excellent or very good health . Twelve percent of adults had been told by a doctor or health professional that they had heart disease , 25 % had been told on two or more visits that they had hypertension , 9 % had been told they had diabetes , and 22 % had been told they had some form of arthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , gout , lupus , or fibromyalgia . Twenty-one percent of adults were current smokers , and 21 % were former smokers . Based on estimates of body mass index , 35 % of adults were overweight and 27 % were obese
Inflammatory markers were most commonly measured followed by neurotransmitter-related genes and metabolite-detecting genes .
After exercise interventions , changes in biomarkers involved in neurotransmission and inflammation suggest a hypoalgesic exercise effect .
Significant biomarker associations were found with pain intensity , fatigue , depression , anxiety , and quality of life .
Discussion : It remains a question whether biomarkers can be used as objective measures for risk assessment , diagnosis , or evaluation or as surrogate endpoints in chronic pain .
Regardless , the potential translational value of biomarkers in chronic pain is evident .
Background : Chronic pain is highly prevalent .
Current management is challenged by lack of vali date d objective measures like biological markers .
Clinical pain studies employing exercise interventions have evaluated biomarkers ; however , it is unclear how exercise impacts biomarkers involved in pain pathways and whether these markers are associated with relevant pain-related outcomes .
This systematic review evaluates data from clinical studies employing exercise interventions in chronic musculoskeletal nonmalignant pain conditions in which biomarkers in pain pathways were measured .