These observational studies also showed positive correlations between early recognition of the disorder , stimulant treatment during childhood and favorable long-term outcome in adult ADHD patients .
In conclusion , stimulant therapy of ADHD has long-term beneficial effects and is well tolerated .
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is a common disorder of childhood that often persists into adulthood .
Although stimulant medications are recommended as the first-line treatment for ADHD because of their documented short-term effects in children and adults , less is known about their effects on long-term outcome in adults .
Here we review the long-term efficacy and safety of the stimulant drugs methylpheni date and amphetamine , as well as the related compound atomoxetine .
We performed a systematic review to identify direct and indirect effects of stimulant therapy on long-term outcome in adults .
Mathematical models of complex dose-response relationships: implications for experimental design in psychopharmacologic research.
We develop a mathematical model to account for the complex relationship between drug dose and clinical response in psychopharmacologic research . The model specifies relationships among drug dose , drug bioavailability , pharmacokinetic factors , course moderators , clinical response and the heterogeneity of the disorder , and allows for the derivation of results that have implication s for experimental design in psychopharmacologic research . These results form the basis for computer simulations which indicate that r and om assignment to two fixed doses is more powerful and less sensitive to heterogeneity than assignment to clinical ly determined doses . Fixed dose design s , however , tend to overestimate the magnitude of drug bioavailability- clinical response relationships .  Clinical ly determined dose design s are useful in some experimental situations ; their effectiveness is enhanced by systematic ally reducing the clinical ly determined dose . Larger dose reductions improve the ability to detect bioavailability- clinical response relationships
These observational studies also showed positive correlations between early recognition of the disorder , stimulant treatment during childhood and favorable long-term outcome in adult ADHD patients .
In conclusion , stimulant therapy of ADHD has long-term beneficial effects and is well tolerated .
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is a common disorder of childhood that often persists into adulthood .
Although stimulant medications are recommended as the first-line treatment for ADHD because of their documented short-term effects in children and adults , less is known about their effects on long-term outcome in adults .
Here we review the long-term efficacy and safety of the stimulant drugs methylpheni date and amphetamine , as well as the related compound atomoxetine .
We performed a systematic review to identify direct and indirect effects of stimulant therapy on long-term outcome in adults .