Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .
Randomized controlled trial of vocal function exercises on muscle tension dysphonia in Vietnamese female teachers.
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the treatment effects of vocal function exercises on muscle tension dysphonia ( MTD ) in tonal language speakers . DESIGN Single-blinded , r and omized , controlled , clinical trial . METHODS Forty female primary school teachers from Northern Vietnam , diagnosed with MTD , were r and omly allocated into a treatment group ( n = 22 ) , which used a full vocal exercise protocol ( FE ) ( modified for use with Vietnamese speakers ) , and a control group ( n = 18 ) which was treated with a partial vocal exercise protocol ( PE ) . The treatment duration was 4 weeks for both groups . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Acoustic and perceptual data were used as primary outcome measures . Acoustic parameters included frequency and amplitude perturbation , harmonics-to-noise ratio ( HNR ) , mean fundamental frequency of the broken and rising tones , and parameters representing pitch movement in the rising tone . Perceptual analyses were performed on pre- and posttreatment sample s of the sustained /a/ sound using anchor vocal sample s. Self-report data , collected via a posttreatment question naire , comprised the secondary outcome measure . RESULTS Significant changes in perturbation , HNR , and perceptual data were observed in the FE group but not in the PE group . The FE group showed increased size and speed of pitch change . Participants from both groups showed positive changes in some tonal parameters after treatment . However , the magnitude of change and the number of participants with positive changes were larger in the FE group . CONCLUSION The data showed that vocal function exercises may be a cost-effective treatment for MTD
Specific " active ingredients " for therapeutic change were not identified .
PURPOSE A systematic review of behavioural intervention for the treatment of adults with muscle tension voice disorders ( MTVD ) .