Conclusion The results of this systematic review indicate that motor performance is further impaired by placing a cognitive load on individuals in population s with musculoskeletal injury .
More dem and ing tasks such as gait appear to be more affected in injured individuals than simple balance tasks .
Background Research suggests that individuals with musculoskeletal injury may have difficulty negotiating physical tasks when they are combined with cognitive loads .
Objective Our objective was to conduct a systematic review to underst and the effects of increased cognitive dem and on movement patterns among individuals with musculoskeletal injuries .
Low Back Pain Recurrence in Occupational Environments
Study Design . Prospect i ve assessment of return to work after low back pain . Objective . To determine which factors or combination of factors best predict recurrence of low back pain ( defined 4 different ways ) when returning to full-duty work . Summary of Background Data . Recurrent back pain is one of the more costly health problems facing industry today . Few systematic evaluations of the various factors suspected of exacerbating low back pain have been reported in the literature . Methods . A total of 206 workers who reported low back pain were evaluated as they returned to full-duty work .  Five types of assessment s were performed including : 1 ) a  low back kinematic functional assessment s  , 2 )  evaluation of job physical dem and s  , 3 )  psychosocial assessment of the job environment , 4 )  self-reported impairment including perception of symptoms and psychological measures  , and 5 )  personal ( individual ) factors . One year after return to full duty workers were interviewed to assess who had a recurrence of low back pain according to 4 different definitions of low back pain ( symptom reports , medical visits , self-reported lost days , and employer-reported lost days due to back pain ) . Multiple logistic regression models were developed to assess the best combinations of predictors . Results . The most liberal definition of recurrence , recurrent symptoms , had a significantly greater recurrence rate at 58 % than all other outcome measures ( P = 0.0001 ) . The medical visit recurrence rate of 36 % was significantly greater than the more conservative lost time measures ( P = 0.0001 ) . The recurrence rate for self-reported lost time was 15 % , whereas the more conservative employer confirmed lost time measure was significantly lower at 10 % ( P = 0.0077 ) . Multivariate predictive models associated with the various recurrence definitions yielded sensitivities varying between 78 % and 80 % and specificity between 73 % and 80 % . Conclusion . Recurrence is greatly dependent on how one defines recurrence with symptom reporting yielding 5.5 times as many recurrences compared with employer confirmed lost time . In general , more quantitative measures of worker musculoskeletal function yielded the best predictions of recurrence when predicting the more restrictive definitions of recurrence ( employer confirmed lost time )
Conclusion The results of this systematic review indicate that motor performance is further impaired by placing a cognitive load on individuals in population s with musculoskeletal injury .
More dem and ing tasks such as gait appear to be more affected in injured individuals than simple balance tasks .
Background Research suggests that individuals with musculoskeletal injury may have difficulty negotiating physical tasks when they are combined with cognitive loads .
Objective Our objective was to conduct a systematic review to underst and the effects of increased cognitive dem and on movement patterns among individuals with musculoskeletal injuries .