Conclusions The available evidence suggests that diabetes self-management education can reduce all-cause mortality risk in type 2 diabetes patients .
Background Diabetes self-management education is an essential part of diabetes care , but its impact on all-cause mortality risk of type 2 diabetes patients is unclear .
A systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to eluci date the impact of diabetes self-management education on all-cause mortality risk of type 2 diabetes patients was performed .
Results of a randomized controlled trial comparing closed‐suction drains versus passive gravity drains after pancreatic resection☆, ☆☆
Background This dual‐center , r and omized controlled trial aim ed to compare 2 types of intra‐abdominal drains after pancreatic resection and their effect on the development of pancreatic fistulae and postoperative complications . Methods Patients undergoing pancreatic resection were r and omized to receive either a closed‐suction drain or a closed , passive gravity drain . The primary endpoint was the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula . A secondary endpoint was postoperative morbidity during follow‐up of 3 months . The planned sample size was 223 patients . Results A total of 294 patients were assessed for eligibility , 223 of whom were r and omly allocated . One patient was lost during follow‐up , and 111 patients in each group were analyzed . The rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula ( closed‐suction 43.2 % , passive 36.9 % , P = .47 ) and overall morbidity  ( closed‐suction 51.4 % , passive 40.5 % , P = .43 ) were not different between the groups . We did not find any differences between the groups in reoperation rate ( P = .45 ) , readmission rate ( P = .27 ) , hospital stay ( P = .68 ) , or postoperative hemorrhage ( P = .11 ) . We found a significantly lesser amount of drain fluid in the passive gravity drains between the second and fifth postoperative days and also on the day of drain removal compared with closed‐suction drains . Conclusion The type of drain ( passive versus closed suction ) had no influence on the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistulae .  The closed‐suction drains did not increase the rate of postoperative complications . We found that the passive gravity drains are more at risk for obstruction , whereas the closed‐suction drains kept their patency for greater duration
Conclusions The available evidence suggests that diabetes self-management education can reduce all-cause mortality risk in type 2 diabetes patients .
Background Diabetes self-management education is an essential part of diabetes care , but its impact on all-cause mortality risk of type 2 diabetes patients is unclear .
A systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to eluci date the impact of diabetes self-management education on all-cause mortality risk of type 2 diabetes patients was performed .