Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .
Long-term lifestyle intervention lowers the incidence of stroke in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide multicentre randomised controlled trial (the Japan Diabetes Complications Study)
Aims /hypothesisThe aim of the study was to clarify whether a therapeutic intervention focused on lifestyle modification affected the incidence of vascular complications in patients with established diabetes . Methods A total of 2,033 eligible Japanese men and women aged 40–70 years with type 2 diabetes from 59 institutes were r and omised to a conventional treatment group ( CON ) , which continued to receive the usual care , and a lifestyle intervention group ( INT ) , which received education on lifestyle modification regarding dietary habits , physical activities and adherence to treatment by telephone counselling and at each outpatient clinic visit , in addition to the usual care . R and omisation and open-label allocation were done by a central computer system . Primary analysis regarding measurements of control status and occurrence of macro- and microvascular complications was based on 1,304 participants followed for an 8 year period . Results Although status of control of most classic cardiovascular risk factors , including body weight , glycaemia , serum lipids and BP , did not differ between groups during the study period , the incidence of stroke in the INT group ( 5.48/1,000 patient-years ) was significantly lower than in the CON group ( 9.52/1,000 patient-years ) by Kaplan – Meier analysis ( p = 0.02 by logrank test ) and by multivariate Cox analysis ( HR 0.62 , 95 % CI 0.39–0.98 , p = 0.04 ) . The incidence of CHD , retinopathy and nephropathy did not differ significantly between groups . Lipoprotein(a ) was another significant independent risk factor for stroke . Conclusions /interpretationThese findings suggest that lifestyle modification had limited effects on most typical control variables , but did have a significant effect on stroke incidence in patients with established type 2 diabetes . Clinical Trial Registration : UMIN-CTR C000000222 Funding : The Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ,
Results reveal no significant difference between the groups , with respect to BMI , while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c .
Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group , and diastolic pressure in the PA group , was observed .
HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group , while no change in LDL-c levels , was seen in all three intervention subtypes .
There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c , blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c .
CONCLUSION DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c , systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c , with an exception of LDL-c and BMI , suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients
BACKGROUND The current meta- analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions , including diet modifications ( DIET ) , physical activity ( PA ) , and patient education ( EDU ) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .