Subgroup analysis suggested the existence of liver disease at baseline , synbiotics supplementation and duration of supplementation ≥ 8 weeks result ed in more pronounced improvement in liver function enzymes than their counterparts .
Conclusions Probiotics and synbiotics may be suggested as supplements to improve serum concentration of liver enzymes , especially when synbiotics administered for a period ≥ 8 weeks and in individuals with liver disease
Purpose The gut – liver interaction suggests that modification of gut bacterial flora using probiotics and synbiotics may improve liver function .
This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to clarify the effect of probiotics and synbiotics consumption on the serum concentration of liver function enzymes .
Safety assessment of Bacillus subtilis CU1 for use as a probiotic in humans
Abstract Bacillus subtilis CU1 is a recently described probiotic strain with beneficial effects on  immune health in elderly subjects . The following work describes a series of studies supporting the safety of the strain for use as an ingredient in food and supplement preparations . Using a combination of 16S rDNA and gyrB nucleotide analyses , the species was identified as a member of the Bacillus subtilis complex ( B. subtilis subsp . spizizenii ) . Further characterization of the organism at the strain level was achieved using r and om amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction ( RAPD PCR ) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ) analyses . B. subtilis CU1 did not demonstrate antibiotic resistance greater than existing regulatory cutoffs against clinical ly important antibiotics , did not induce hemolysis or produce surfactant factors , and was absent of toxigenic activity in vitro . Use of B. subtilis CU1 as a probiotic has recently been evaluated in a 16‐week r and omized , double‐blind , placebo‐controlled , parallel‐arm study , in which 2 × 109 spores per day of B. subtilis CU1 were administered for a total 40 days to healthy elderly subjects ( 4 consumption periods of 10 days separated by 18‐day washouts ) . This work describes safety related endpoints not previously reported . B. subtilis CU1 was safe and well‐tolerated in the clinical subjects without undesirable physiological effects on markers of liver and kidney function , complete blood counts , hemodynamic parameters , and vital signs . HighlightsA safety assessment of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis CU1 was conducted . Genomic analyses identified the species as a member of the B. subtilis complex . Antibiotic resistance was not observed at levels exceeding regulatory cut‐offs . B. subtilis CU1 was absent of toxigenic activity in vitro . B. subtilis CU1 was safely consumed ( 2 × 109 spores/day ) by all clinical subjects
Subgroup analysis suggested the existence of liver disease at baseline , synbiotics supplementation and duration of supplementation ≥ 8 weeks result ed in more pronounced improvement in liver function enzymes than their counterparts .
Conclusions Probiotics and synbiotics may be suggested as supplements to improve serum concentration of liver enzymes , especially when synbiotics administered for a period ≥ 8 weeks and in individuals with liver disease
Purpose The gut – liver interaction suggests that modification of gut bacterial flora using probiotics and synbiotics may improve liver function .
This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to clarify the effect of probiotics and synbiotics consumption on the serum concentration of liver function enzymes .