HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Microdose transdermal estrogen therapy for relief of vulvovaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women
Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of microdose transdermal 17&bgr;-estradiol ( E2 ) therapy in postmenopausal women with moderate to severe vulvovaginal symptoms . Methods : This report is based on a subset of 121 women who reported most bothersome moderate or severe vulvovaginal symptoms at baseline , from a previous r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter study of 425 healthy , symptomatic , postmenopausal women . Recruits had experienced at least 7 moderate or severe hot flushes daily for at least 1 week or at least 50 moderate or severe hot flushes per week for at least 1 week . Effects on co primary efficacy variables have been reported previously . Participants received low-dose transdermal E2 plus levonorgestrel ( n = 43 ; nominal delivery 0.023 mg/d E2/0.0075 mg/d levonorgestrel ) , microdose E2 ( n = 42 ; nominal delivery 0.014 mg/d ) , or placebo ( n = 36 ) for 12 weeks . Secondary efficacy variables reported herein include mean change from baseline in vaginal pH and vaginal maturation index , the proportion of women with symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy at baseline and week 12 , and the proportion of women with moderate-to-severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy . Results : Microdose transdermal E2 treatment was associated with a consistent benefit versus placebo in women with vulvovaginal atrophy . There was a statistically significant difference between both E2 versus placebo for changes in vaginal pH and vaginal maturation index . Conclusions : Microdose transdermal E2 offers a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for postmenopausal women in whom vulvovaginal symptoms are particularly troublesome
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .