Subgroup analyses showed that using whole flaxseed in doses ≥30 g d-1 , longer-term interventions ( ≥12 weeks ) and studies including participants with higher BMI ( ≥ 27 kg m-2 ) had positive effects on body composition  .
Whole flaxseed is a good choice for weight management particularly for weight reduction in overweight and obese participants
Flaxseed consumption may be inversely associated with obesity ; however , findings of available r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) are conflicting .
The present study aim ed to systematic ally review and analyse RCTs assessing the effects of flaxseed consumption on body weight and body composition .
Flaxseed oil supplementation increases plasma F1-phytoprostanes in healthy men.
Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) has been reported to reduce lipid peroxidation products formed from arachidonic acid ( F(2)-isoprostanes ) in healthy humans , as well as in those under oxidative stress . alpha-Linolenic acid ( ALA ) is a precursor to EPA and DHA ; however , its conversion in humans is thought to be inefficient . ALA can also undergo free radical oxidation , forming compounds known as F(1)-phytoprostanes , which are found in all plants and are in high concentrations in plant pollens . In this study , we examined the effect of ALA supplementation on plasma and urine F(1)-phytoprostane and F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in men . Thirty-six nonsmoking men , aged 20 - 65 y , were recruited from the general population and r and omly allocated to consume 9 g/d of either flaxseed oil ( 62 % ALA , 5.4 g/d ) or olive oil ( placebo ) for 4 wk in a parallel design . At baseline and after 4 wk of supplementation , blood sample s and a 24-h urine sample were collected for measurement of plasma and urinary F(1)-phytoprostanes and F(2)-isoprostanes and plasma fatty acids . Compared with the olive oil group , plasma phospholipid ALA was greater ( P < 0.0001 ) , as were F(1)-phytoprostanes in plasma ( P = 0.049 ) and urine ( P = 0.06 ) in the flaxseed oil group after 4 wk supplementation . Flaxseed oil did not affect plasma or urinary F(2)-isoprostanes . The greater plasma F(1)-phytoprostane concentration in the flaxseed oil group most likely result ed from the increased plasma concentration of the ALA substrate and /or the F(1)-phytoprostane content of the flaxseed oil . Future studies are needed to determine the physiological importance of increased plasma and urine F(1)-phytoprostanes and their relevance to heart disease prevention
Subgroup analyses showed that using whole flaxseed in doses ≥30 g d-1 , longer-term interventions ( ≥12 weeks ) and studies including participants with higher BMI ( ≥ 27 kg m-2 ) had positive effects on body composition  .
Whole flaxseed is a good choice for weight management particularly for weight reduction in overweight and obese participants
Flaxseed consumption may be inversely associated with obesity ; however , findings of available r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) are conflicting .
The present study aim ed to systematic ally review and analyse RCTs assessing the effects of flaxseed consumption on body weight and body composition .