In comparison with the baseline , NNS consumption was not found to increase blood glucose level , and its concentration gradually declined over the course of observation following NNS consumption .
The glycemic impact of NNS consumption did not differ by type of NNS but to some extent varied by participants ’ age , body weight , and diabetic status .
Conclusions NNS consumption was not found to elevate blood glucose level .
Background / objectives Nonnutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) are zero- or low-calorie alternatives to nutritive sweeteners , such as table sugars .
A systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials was conducted to quantitatively synthesize existing scientific evidence on the glycemic impact of NNSs .
Effect of glucose on tobacco craving. Is it mediated by tryptophan and serotonin?
Rationale Oral glucose has been shown to decrease tobacco craving in many but not all previous studies . Glucose ingestion may facilitates entry of tryptophan ( TRP ) , the unique source of brain serotonin , into the brain , glucose ’s action seems to be opposite of rapid TRP depletion . Therefore , the aim was to assess the effect of high doses of oral glucose on tobacco craving , withdrawal symptoms , plasma TRP and blood serotonin concentrations in temporarily abstinent smokers . Methods Aspartame 0.6 g/200 ml ( A , placebo ) , glucose 32.5 g/200 ml ( G32.5 ) and 75 g/200 ml water ( G75 ) were administered to 12 healthy smokers after an overnight abstinence in a crossover , double blind study . Tobacco craving ( short version of the Tobacco Craving Question naire , TCQ ) , withdrawal symptoms , choice reaction time , affect , blood glucose , plasma insulin , nicotine , cotinine , free and total TRP , and blood serotonin concentrations were assessed during a period of 5 h after administration . Results Blood glucose and plasma insulin increased after G32.5 , G75 and remained unchanged after A. TCQ score increased with A and remained almost unchanged with both doses of glucose ( condition × time interaction : P=0.023 ) . Total withdrawal score increased differently according to sex and condition ( P<0.05 ) . Motor reaction time increased with A and decreased with glucose ( P=0.016 ) . The overall decrease in plasma TRP was 0.31±17 , 0.49±0.19 and 1.44±0.24 mg/l with A , G32.5 and G75 , respectively ( P<0.001 ) . Baseline blood serotonin was lower in women ( n=5 ) than in men ; it showed a condition by time ( P=0.007 ) and a condition by time by sex interaction ( P=0.023 ) . Conclusions Glucose attenuates tobacco craving and withdrawal symptoms in temporarily abstinent smokers . This is accompanied by a decrease in plasma TRP and a sex dependent increase in blood serotonin . Further studies assessing the direct effect of glucose on brain serotonin are needed to ascertain whether a glucose induced reduction in craving is associated with an increase in brain serotonin
In comparison with the baseline , NNS consumption was not found to increase blood glucose level , and its concentration gradually declined over the course of observation following NNS consumption .
The glycemic impact of NNS consumption did not differ by type of NNS but to some extent varied by participants ’ age , body weight , and diabetic status .
Conclusions NNS consumption was not found to elevate blood glucose level .
Background / objectives Nonnutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) are zero- or low-calorie alternatives to nutritive sweeteners , such as table sugars .
A systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials was conducted to quantitatively synthesize existing scientific evidence on the glycemic impact of NNSs .