Data showed improvements secondary to exercise in ' physical function ' and ' general health ' .
The other domains - ' role physical ' , ' bodily pain ' , ' vitality ' , ' social ' , ' role emotional ' , and ' mental health ' - did not show improvement at six months .
Although results showed significant heterogeneity between trials , population s and outcomes were comparable overall , with findings relevant to the claudicant population .
High- quality evidence shows that exercise programmes provided important benefit compared with placebo or usual care in improving both pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with leg pain from IC who were considered to be fit for exercise intervention .
Exercise did not improve ABI , and we found no evidence of an effect of exercise on amputation or mortality .
Exercise may improve quality of life when compared with placebo or usual care .
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive , low-risk option compared with other , more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking ( intermittent claudication ( IC ) ) .
This is the fourth up date of a review first published in 1998 .
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication .
Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease , reducing cardiovascular events , and improving quality of life .
Vascular adhesion molecule-1 and markers of platelet function before and after a treatment with iloprost or a supervised physical exercise program in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Platelet function and levels of vascular adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) were investigated in 24 patients with peripheral arterial disease at Fontaine stage II undergoing a 2 weeks treatment with iloprost ( 0.5 - 2 ng/kg/h i.v . infused , 6 h/day ) or a 2 weeks supervised physical training , r and omly assigned . Patients were studied before ( T0 ) and after ( T14 ) treatments and 10 days later ( T24 ) . The adhesion of washed platelets to fibrinogen coated microwells was reduced after treatment both with iloprost ( 1.9+/-0.4 vs 6.8+/-0.7 % ; T24 vs T0 ; M+/-SEM ; p<0.05 ) and physical exercise ( 3.0+/-1.0 vs 6.7+/-0.7 ; p<0.05 ) while adhesion to human plasma coated microwells was reduced only after treatment with iloprost ( 1.9+/-0.8 vs 5.8+/-0.9 ; p<0.05 ) . The expression of fibrinogen receptor ( glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ) on platelets , measured by flow-cytometry was also reduced after iloprost treatment ( 17.1+/-1.5 vs 31.8+/-4.8 AU ; p<0.05 ) and physical exercise ( 14.6+/-1.5 vs 34.0+/-3.3 ; p<0.05 ) . Theurinaryexcretion of platelet thromboxane A2 metabolite 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 decreased only in patients treated with iloprost ( 154.7+/-97.9 vs 256.2+/-106.4 pg mg creatinine(-1 ) ; p<0.05 ) . Similarly plasma VCAM-1 was lower in patients who were treated with iloprost ( 827.7+/-77.4 vs 999.0+/-83.8 ng ml(-1 ) ; p<0.05 ) . In conclusion , both iloprost and physical exercise seem to act on reversible phenomena such as the expression of adhesion molecules or ex vivo adhesion , whereas only iloprost reduces thromboxane A2 bio synthesis in vivo . This anti-platelet activity seems to be extended in time and to be associated with an improvement in vascular function
Data showed improvements secondary to exercise in ' physical function ' and ' general health ' .
The other domains - ' role physical ' , ' bodily pain ' , ' vitality ' , ' social ' , ' role emotional ' , and ' mental health ' - did not show improvement at six months .
Although results showed significant heterogeneity between trials , population s and outcomes were comparable overall , with findings relevant to the claudicant population .
High- quality evidence shows that exercise programmes provided important benefit compared with placebo or usual care in improving both pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with leg pain from IC who were considered to be fit for exercise intervention .
Exercise did not improve ABI , and we found no evidence of an effect of exercise on amputation or mortality .
Exercise may improve quality of life when compared with placebo or usual care .
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are a relatively inexpensive , low-risk option compared with other , more invasive therapies for treatment of leg pain on walking ( intermittent claudication ( IC ) ) .
This is the fourth up date of a review first published in 1998 .
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether an exercise programme was effective in alleviating symptoms and increasing walking treadmill distances and walking times in people with intermittent claudication .
Secondary objectives were to determine whether exercise was effective in preventing deterioration of underlying disease , reducing cardiovascular events , and improving quality of life .