In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Lunch eating behavior of preschool children: Effects of age, gender, and type of beverage served
To examine the eating behavior of preschool children offered chocolate-flavored or plain milk at lunch , food consumption by 135 children , aged 18 - 66 months , was measured . Four different menus were served six times during a 12-week period , each menu being presented twice with each of three test beverages , plain milk ( 18.1 kcal/oz ) , sucrose-sweetened chocolate milk ( 29.4 kcal/oz ) , or aspartame-sweetened chocolate milk ( 18.6 kcal/oz ) . The type of milk beverage served had no significant effect on the consumption of other food items offered at that meal . Subjects did drink significantly more chocolate milk than plain milk during all meals and consequently consumed significantly more energy during those meals in which sucrose-sweetened chocolate milk was served . A macronutrient analysis of lunch-time food intake for each menu revealed significant differences in protein , fat , and carbohydrate content among the four menus . Older children consumed significantly more milk and more energy per lunch-time meal than did younger preschoolers , but no other consistent age-related differences were observed . No significant gender differences were detected in any of the statistical analyses conducted . These findings suggest that young children do not reduce the intake of other food items at a meal to compensate for the increased energy intake that results from excessive sucrose-sweetened milk consumption . Aspartame-sweetened milk increases milk intake in small children without providing them with the additional calories of sucrose-sweetened milk
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .