For its management , experts agreed in considering  verbal de-escalation  and  environmental modification techniques  as first choice , considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy .
BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is associated with different psychiatric conditions and represents an important issue in psychiatry .
Current recommendations on agitation in psychiatry are not univocal .
Actually , an improper assessment and management may result in unnecessary coercive or sedative treatments .
A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus can guide assessment and treatment decisions .
Rapid acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder: a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with inhaled loxapine
Kwentus J , Riesenberg RA , Mar and i M , Manning RA , Allen MH , Fishman RS , Spyker DA , Kehne JH , Cassella JV . Rapid acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder : a multicenter , r and omized , placebo‐controlled clinical trial with inhaled loxapine . Bipolar Disord 2012 : 14 : 31–40 . © 2012 The Authors . Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
For its management , experts agreed in considering  verbal de-escalation  and  environmental modification techniques  as first choice , considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy .
BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is associated with different psychiatric conditions and represents an important issue in psychiatry .
Current recommendations on agitation in psychiatry are not univocal .
Actually , an improper assessment and management may result in unnecessary coercive or sedative treatments .
A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus can guide assessment and treatment decisions .