In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Dietary protein and calcium interact to influence calcium retention: a controlled feeding study.
BACKGROUND The effect of meat protein on calcium retention at different calcium intakes is unresolved . OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the effect of dietary protein on calcium retention at low and high intakes of calcium . DESIGN In a r and omized controlled feeding study with a 2 x 2 factorial crossover design , healthy postmenopausal women ( n = 27 ) consumed either approximately 675 or approximately 1510 mg Ca/d , with both low and high protein ( providing 10 % and 20 % energy ) for 7 wk each , separated by a 3-wk washout period . After 3 wk , the entire diet was extrinsically labeled with (47)Ca , and isotope retention was monitored by whole-body scintillation counting . Clinical markers of calcium and bone metabolism were measured . RESULTS High compared with low dietary protein significantly increased calcium retention from the low-calcium ( 29.5 % compared with 26.0 % absorbed ) but not the high-calcium diet ( 18 % absorbed ) . For the low-calcium diet , this effect nearly balanced a protein-related 0.5-mmol/d greater urinary calcium excretion . Protein-related calciuretic effects were independent of dietary calcium . Testing at 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , and 7 wk showed no long-term adaptation in urinary acidity or urinary calcium excretion . High compared with low dietary protein decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline and increased serum insulin-like growth factor I without affecting parathyroid hormone , osteocalcin , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase , or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase . CONCLUSIONS In healthy postmenopausal women , a moderate increase in dietary protein , from 10 % to 20 % of energy , slightly improved calcium absorption from a low-calcium diet , nearly compensating for a slight increase in urinary calcium excretion . Under practical dietary conditions , increased dietary protein from animal sources was not detrimental to calcium balance or short-term indicators of bone health
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .