Results of these studies indicate that school-based spinal health interventions may be effective in increasing spinal care knowledge and decreasing the prevalence of spinal pain .
However , overall the evidence is inconclusive regarding spinal care behaviors .
The poor quality of the review ed studies limits the conclusions that can be made regarding the effectiveness of school-based spinal health interventions
OBJECTIVES To establish the effectiveness of  school-based spinal health interventions  in terms of : 1 ) improving knowledge about the spine/spinal care ; 2 ) changing spinal care behaviors ; and 3 ) decreasing the prevalence of spinal pain .
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spinal pain is a significant problem in children and adolescents that has been addressed through school-based spinal health interventions .
No systematic review has been carried out on this topic to date .
Variation in Back Pain Between Countries: The Example of Britain and Germany
Study Design . Cross-sectional survey with personal interviews . Objective . To study national differences in subjective health , back pain , and self-perceived disability between the United Kingdom and Germany . Summary of Background Data . Back pain is a leading health problem in most Western population s , causing enormous costs to the national health systems . Different prevalence rates were reported from many countries , but rarely as a result of a direct comparison based on an identical study design . Methods . A total of 6,235 male and female participants 50 to 79 years of age ( population -based stratified r and om sample s ) were recruited in 6 British and 8 German study centers . The interviewer administered st and ardized question naire included a section about presence and severity of back pain . Results . Past and current back pain was more frequent among German participants and different between East and West German centers . The differences in back pain prevalence rates could not be explained by less favorable risk profiles among German respondents . Conclusions . Intercultural differences in perceiving or reporting back pain can be hypothesized as the most likely explanation of the markedly different prevalence rates of the disorder in the United Kingdom and East and West Germany
Results of these studies indicate that school-based spinal health interventions may be effective in increasing spinal care knowledge and decreasing the prevalence of spinal pain .
However , overall the evidence is inconclusive regarding spinal care behaviors .
The poor quality of the review ed studies limits the conclusions that can be made regarding the effectiveness of school-based spinal health interventions
OBJECTIVES To establish the effectiveness of  school-based spinal health interventions  in terms of : 1 ) improving knowledge about the spine/spinal care ; 2 ) changing spinal care behaviors ; and 3 ) decreasing the prevalence of spinal pain .
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spinal pain is a significant problem in children and adolescents that has been addressed through school-based spinal health interventions .
No systematic review has been carried out on this topic to date .