The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .
Telephone-based mental health interventions for child disruptive behavior or anxiety disorders: randomized trials and overall analysis.
OBJECTIVE Most children with mental health disorders do not receive timely care because of access barriers . These initial trials aim ed to determine whether distance interventions provided by nonprofessionals could significantly decrease the proportion of children diagnosed with disruptive behavior or anxiety disorders  compared with usual care . METHOD In three practical r and omized controlled trials , 243 children ( 80 with oppositional-defiant , 72 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity , and 91 with anxiety disorders ) were stratified by DSM-IV diagnoses and r and omized to receive the Strongest Families intervention ( treatment ) or usual care ( control ) . Assessment s were blindly conducted and evaluated at 120 , 240 , and 365 days after r and omization . The intervention consisted of evidence -based participant material s ( h and books and videos ) and weekly telephone coach sessions . The main outcome was mental health diagnosis change . RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis showed that for each diagnosis significant treatment effects were found at 240 and 365 days after r and omization . Moreover , in the overall analysis significantly more children were not diagnosed as having disruptive behavior or anxiety disorders in the treatment group than the control group ( 120 days : χ(2)(1 ) = 13.05 , p < .001 , odds ratio 2.58 , 95 % confidence interval 1.54 - 4.33 ; 240 days : χ(2)(1 ) = 20.46 , p < .001 , odds ratio 3.44 , 95 % confidence interval 1.99 - 5.92 ; 365 days : χ(2)(1 ) = 13.94 , p < .001 , odds ratio 2.75 , 95 % confidence interval 1.61 - 4.71 ) . CONCLUSIONS Compared with usual care , telephone-based treatments result ed in significant diagnosis decreases among children with disruptive behavior or anxiety . These interventions hold promise to increase access to mental health services . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Strongest Families : Pediatric Disruptive Behaviour Disorder , http://www . clinical trials.gov , NCT00267579 ; Strongest Families : Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder , http://www . clinical trials.gov , NCT00267605 ; and Strongest Families : Pediatric Anxiety , http://www . clinical trials.gov , NCT00267566
The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .