However , lack of data specifically examining outcomes in PAD patients should not detract from the overwhelming evidence on the benefit of treating hypertension and lowering blood pressure
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) causes considerable morbidity and mortality .
Hypertension is a risk factor for PAD .
Treatment for hypertension must be compatible with the symptoms of PAD .
Controversy regarding the effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade for hypertension in patients with PAD has led many physicians to stop prescribing beta-adrenoreceptor blockers .
Little is known about the effects of other classes of anti-hypertensive drugs in the presence of PAD .
This is the second up date of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs in patients with both raised blood pressure and symptomatic PAD in terms of the rate of cardiovascular events and death , symptoms of claudication and critical leg ischaemia , and progression of atherosclerotic PAD as measured by ankle brachial index ( ABI ) changes and the need for revascularisation ( reconstructive surgery or angioplasty ) or amputation .
Smoking, lipids, glucose intolerance, and blood pressure as risk factors for peripheral atherosclerosis compared with ischemic heart disease in the Edinburgh Artery Study.
The aim was to determine if certain risk factors in the general population are more strongly related to peripheral arterial disease than to ischemic heart disease . Arterial disease in the lower limbs was measured by means of the World Health Organization question naire on intermittent claudication , the ankle brachial pressure index , and a reactive hyperemia test in 1,592 men and women aged 55 - 74 years selected r and omly in 1988 from the age-sex registers of 10 general practice s in Edinburgh , Scotl and . Peripheral arterial disease was strongly related to lifetime cigarette smoking , with additional risks in current and exsmokers of less than 5 years . Multiple regression of risk factors on measures of peripheral arterial disease showed associations with diabetes mellitus ( but not impaired glucose tolerance ) , systolic blood pressure , and serum cholesterol ; inverse association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ; and only univariate association with triglycerides . In multiple logistic regressions of risk factors on six separate indicators of cardiovascular disease , the only consistent difference was that smoking increased the risk of peripheral arterial disease ( range of odds ratios , 1.8 - 5.6 ) more than heart disease ( range of odds ratios , 1.1 - 1.6 ) . Diabetes mellitus was not a stronger risk factor for peripheral arterial disease
However , lack of data specifically examining outcomes in PAD patients should not detract from the overwhelming evidence on the benefit of treating hypertension and lowering blood pressure
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) causes considerable morbidity and mortality .
Hypertension is a risk factor for PAD .
Treatment for hypertension must be compatible with the symptoms of PAD .
Controversy regarding the effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade for hypertension in patients with PAD has led many physicians to stop prescribing beta-adrenoreceptor blockers .
Little is known about the effects of other classes of anti-hypertensive drugs in the presence of PAD .
This is the second up date of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs in patients with both raised blood pressure and symptomatic PAD in terms of the rate of cardiovascular events and death , symptoms of claudication and critical leg ischaemia , and progression of atherosclerotic PAD as measured by ankle brachial index ( ABI ) changes and the need for revascularisation ( reconstructive surgery or angioplasty ) or amputation .