Greater weight loss was reported in studies with higher baseline weights , smaller proportions of female participants , older participants , or longer duration s , and in studies in which weight loss was a goal .
The prescription of vegetarian diets  reduces mean body weight , suggesting potential value for prevention and management of weight-related conditions
In observational studies , vegetarians generally have lower body weights compared with omnivores .
However , weight changes that occur when vegetarian diets are prescribed have not been well quantified .
We estimated the effect on body weight when vegetarian diets are prescribed .
Energy density of foods affects energy intake across multiple levels of fat content in lean and obese women.
BACKGROUND The results of previous studies indicated that energy density , independent of fat content , influences energy intake . In most studies , however , both fat content and energy density were lower than in typical American diets . OBJECTIVE We examined the influence of energy density on intake when fat content was above , below , or similar to the amount of fat typically consumed and when energy density was closer to that of American diets . DESIGN Lean ( n = 19 ) and obese ( n = 17 ) women consumed all meals daily in our laboratory during 6 experimental sessions . The main entrées , consumed ad libitum , were formulated to vary in fat content ( 25 % , 35 % , and 45 % of energy ) and energy density ( 5.23 kJ/g , or low energy density , and 7.32 kJ/g , or high energy density ) but to have similar palatability . RESULTS Energy density influenced energy intake across all fat contents in both lean and obese women ( P < 0.0001 ) . Women consumed less energy in the low ( 7531 kJ ) than in the high ( 9414 kJ ) energy density condition . Despite this 20 % lower energy intake , there were only small differences in hunger ( 7 % ) and fullness ( 5 % ) . Women consumed a similar volume , but not weight , of food daily across conditions . Differences in intake by weight , but not volume , occurred because for some versions of manipulated foods , weight and volume were not directly proportional . CONCLUSIONS Energy density affected energy intake across different fat contents and at levels of energy density comparable with those in typical diets . Furthermore , our findings suggest that cues related to the amount of food consumed have a greater influence on short-term intake than does the amount of energy consumed
Greater weight loss was reported in studies with higher baseline weights , smaller proportions of female participants , older participants , or longer duration s , and in studies in which weight loss was a goal .
The prescription of vegetarian diets  reduces mean body weight , suggesting potential value for prevention and management of weight-related conditions
In observational studies , vegetarians generally have lower body weights compared with omnivores .
However , weight changes that occur when vegetarian diets are prescribed have not been well quantified .
We estimated the effect on body weight when vegetarian diets are prescribed .