In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Dietary acid load is associated with lower bone mineral density in men with low intake of dietary calcium.
High dietary acid load ( DAL ) may be detrimental to bone mineral density ( BMD ) . The objectives of the study were to : ( 1 ) evaluate the cross-sectional relation between DAL and BMD ; and ( 2 ) determine whether calcium intake modifies this association . Men ( n = 1218 ) and women ( n = 907 ) aged ≥60 years were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 - 2008 .  Nutrient intake from 2 , 24-hour recalls was used to calculate net endogenous acid production ( NEAP ) and potential renal acid load  ( PRAL ) ( mEq/d ) . PRAL was calculated from dietary calcium ( PRALdiet ) and diet + supplemental calcium ( PRALtotal ) . Tests for linear trend in adjusted mean BMD of the hip and lumbar spine were performed across energy-adjusted NEAP and PRAL quartiles . Modification by calcium intake ( dietary or total ) above or below 800 mg/d was assessed by interaction terms . Overall , mean age was 69 ± 0.3 years . Among women , there was no association between NEAP and BMD  . PRALdiet was positively associated with proximal femur BMD ( p trend = 0.04 ) . No associations were observed with PRALtotal at any BMD site ( p range , 0.38 - 0.82 ) . Among men , no significant associations were observed between BMD and NEAP or PRAL . However , an interaction between PRALdiet and calcium intake was observed with proximal femur BMD ( p = 0.08 ) . An inverse association between PRALdiet and proximal femur BMD was detected among men with < 800 mg/d dietary calcium ( p = 0.02 ) ; no associations were found among men with ≥800 mg/d ( p = 0.98 ) . A significant interaction with PRALtotal was not observed . In conclusion , when supplemental calcium is considered , there is no association between DAL and  BMD among adults . Men with low dietary calcium showed an inverse relation with PRAL at the proximal femur ; in women no interaction was observed . This study highlights the importance of calcium intake in counteracting the adverse effect of DAL on bone health . Further research should determine the relation between DAL and change in BMD with very low calcium intake
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .