There is uncertainty whether current strategies for providing CVD risk scores  affect CVD events .
Providing CVD risk scores may slightly reduce CVD risk factor levels and may increase preventive medication prescribing in higher-risk people without evidence of harm .
BACKGROUND The current paradigm for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) emphasises absolute risk assessment to guide treatment decisions in primary prevention .
Although the derivation and validation of multivariable risk assessment tools , or CVD risk scores , have attracted considerable attention , their effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of evaluating and providing CVD risk scores in adults without prevalent CVD on cardiovascular outcomes , risk factor levels , preventive medication prescribing , and health behaviours .
Willingness to pay for a cardiovascular prevention program in highly educated adults: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine  adults '  Willingness To Pay ( WTP ) for CardioVascular Disease ( CVD ) intervention programs of different intensities . METHODS Three hundred fourteen participants were r and omized to two study conditions : ( i ) CVD risk assessment /communication ; ( ii ) CVD risk assessment /communication + a behavior change program . The behavior change program was aim ed at increasing physical activity , reducing saturated fat intake and smoking cessation . It consisted of a tailored Web site and individual coaching with a self-selected dose . At post- assessment , WTP and perceived autonomy support items were included . The intervention dose was registered throughout the trial and post-hoc intervention dose groups were created . Pearson Chi-Square tests , Student 's t-tests , one-way analyses of variance were used to examine WTP-differences between the study conditions and intervention dose groups . RESULTS Twenty-four months after baseline , 61 and 135 participants of the control and intervention condition , respectively , completed the question naires . No WTP difference was found between the study conditions . However , participants that selected a higher intervention dose were willing to pay significantly more for their program ( p < .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS In general , people want to pay the same amount of money for a CVD prevention program , irrespective of the inclusion of a behavior change program . However , there seems to be an association between the self-selected dose of the latter program and the WTP
There is uncertainty whether current strategies for providing CVD risk scores  affect CVD events .
Providing CVD risk scores may slightly reduce CVD risk factor levels and may increase preventive medication prescribing in higher-risk people without evidence of harm .
BACKGROUND The current paradigm for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) emphasises absolute risk assessment to guide treatment decisions in primary prevention .
Although the derivation and validation of multivariable risk assessment tools , or CVD risk scores , have attracted considerable attention , their effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of evaluating and providing CVD risk scores in adults without prevalent CVD on cardiovascular outcomes , risk factor levels , preventive medication prescribing , and health behaviours .