There is low to high ( majority moderate ) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose , triglycerides , and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points .
There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes ( body weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , quality of life ) in response to either of the diets ( very-low- to high-certainty evidence ) .
Conclusions Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40 % yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30 % in people with T2D .
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D .
The effect of three different ad libitum diets for weight loss maintenance: a randomized 18-month trial
Abstract Purpose To test the effect of three diets in their ability to sustain weight loss and improve type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk markers after 18-month intervention . Methods Following a ≥8 % weight loss , 131 healthy , overweight/obese ( BMI ± SD 31.5 ± 2.6 kg/m2 ) men ( n = 55 ) and women ( n = 76 ) aged 28.2 ± 4.8 years were r and omized to either 1 . Moderate fat ( 40 E% ) with 20 E% MUFA and low in glycemic index ( GI ) ( MUFA , n = 54 ) , 2 . Low fat ( 25 E% ) and medium in GI ( LF , n = 51 ) or 3 . Control ( 35 E% fat ) and high in GI ( CTR , n = 26 ) all with similar protein content , and all provided ad libitum . First 6-month intervention with 100 % food provision ( previously reported ) following 12 months of moderately intensive intervention with 20 % food provision now reported . Results Attrition rate was higher in MUFA ( 63 % ) than in LF ( 37 % , P = 0.019 ) and CTR ( 42 % , P = 0.09 ) group . Weight regain in completers was not different between groups ( mean ± SEM ) , MUFA 7.1 ± 2.1 % versus LF 5.6 ± 1.3 % versus CTR 7.2 ± 1.5 % , nor was body fat regain , MUFA 4.8 ± 1.0 % versus LF 4.7 ± 0.8 % versus CTR 5.7 ± 0.6 % . The MUFA group reduced LDL/HDL ratio by −0.47 ± 0.09 compared with −0.23 ± 0.11 in LF ( P < 0.05 ) and 0.06 ± 0.14 ( P < 0.005 ) in CTR groups . Conclusions Weight regain or body composition did not differ between diets over 18 months . No effects on risk markers for T2D or CVD were found , with the exception of an improvement in the LDL/HDL ratio by the MUFA diet compared to the CTR diet . The LF diet was generally more satisfactory and the MUFA diet seemed more difficult to follow
There is low to high ( majority moderate ) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose , triglycerides , and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points .
There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes ( body weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , quality of life ) in response to either of the diets ( very-low- to high-certainty evidence ) .
Conclusions Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40 % yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30 % in people with T2D .
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D .