For most comparisons , the credibility of evidence was rated very low to moderate , with the exception for the DASH vs. the low-fat dietary approach for which the quality of evidence was rated high .
Conclusion : The present network meta- analysis suggests that the DASH dietary approach might be the most effective dietary measure to reduce blood pressure among hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients based on high quality evidence
ABSTRACT Background : Pairwise meta-analyses have shown beneficial effects of individual dietary approaches on blood pressure but their comparative effects have not been established .
Objective : Therefore we performed a systematic review of different dietary intervention trials and estimated the aggregate blood pressure effects through network meta- analysis including hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients .
Effects of Calorie Restriction in Obese Older Adults: The CROSSROADS Randomized Controlled Trial
Background We lack a comprehensive assessment of the risks and benefits of calorie restriction in older adults at high risk for cardiometabolic disease . Calorie restriction may reduce visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ) but also have negative effects on lean mass and quality of life . Methods We conducted a 52-week , r and omized controlled trial involving 164 older adults with obesity taking at least one medication for hyperlipidemia , hypertension , or diabetes . Interventions included an exercise intervention alone ( Exercise ) , or with diet modification and body weight maintenance ( Maintenance ) , or with diet modification and energy restriction ( Weight Loss ) . The primary outcome was change in VAT at 12 months . Secondary outcomes included cardiometabolic risk factors , functional status , and quality of life . Results A total of 148 participants had measured weight at 12 months . Despite loss of -1.6 % ± 0.3 % body fat and 4.1 % ± 0.7 % initial body weight , Weight Loss did not have statistically greater loss of VAT ( -192.6 ± 185.2 cm3 ) or lean mass ( -0.4 ± 0.3 kg ) compared with Exercise ( VAT = -21.9 ± 173.7 cm3 ; lean mass = 0.3 ± 0.3 kg ) . Quality of life improved in all groups with no differences between groups . No significant changes in physical function were observed . Weight Loss had significantly greater improvements in blood glucose ( -8.3 ± 3.6 mg/dL , p < .05 ) and HDL-cholesterol ( 5.3 ± 1.9 , p < .01 ) compared with Exercise . There were no group differences in the frequency of adverse events . Conclusions While moderate calorie restriction did not significantly decrease VAT in older adults at high risk for cardiometabolic disease , it did reduce total body fat and cardiometabolic risk factors without significantly more adverse events and lean mass loss
For most comparisons , the credibility of evidence was rated very low to moderate , with the exception for the DASH vs. the low-fat dietary approach for which the quality of evidence was rated high .
Conclusion : The present network meta- analysis suggests that the DASH dietary approach might be the most effective dietary measure to reduce blood pressure among hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients based on high quality evidence
ABSTRACT Background : Pairwise meta-analyses have shown beneficial effects of individual dietary approaches on blood pressure but their comparative effects have not been established .
Objective : Therefore we performed a systematic review of different dietary intervention trials and estimated the aggregate blood pressure effects through network meta- analysis including hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients .