All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics Reduces Pain During Intravenous Catheter Insertion in the Pediatric Patient
Objective The objective of this study was to explore the relation between the application of a mixture of lidocaine/prilocaine cream ( eutectic mixture of local anesthetics [ EMLA ] ) before intravenous cannula insertion and perceived pain in the pediatric patient . Design Double-blind placebo-controlled trial . Setting A general inpatient pediatric ward . Patients We examined 26 male and 31 female patients between the ages of 4 and 12 years who required intravenous cannula insertion . Intravenous insertion was performed on 57 patients , with 29 patients in the placebo group ( mean age , 8.1 years ) and 28 in the EMLA group ( mean age , 8.0 years ) . Interventions Application of either EMLA cream or placebo 45 minutes before intravenous cannulation . Outcome Measures Pain was scored by the patients using a 0-to 10-cm visual analogue scale combined with a Faces pain scale as well as visual observation by a nurse . Adverse side effects were recorded in a separate table . Results Data collected and the differences between the placebo and treated groups were tested using a Mann-Whitney U test . Those children in the EMLA group ( mean pain score , 1.25 ) experienced less pain than those in the placebo group ( mean , 8.39 ) . There was no statistical significance between age , sex , and race . Conclusions The authors conclude that a topical preparation of lidocaine/prilocaine significantly reduces children 's pain during intravenous cannula insertion when applied to an intact dermal layer of the skin and that this effect occurs within 45 minutes
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .