Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .
Influence of fish oil supplementation on in vivo and in vitro oxidation resistance of low-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes
Objective : Fish oil supplement has been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy to correct the atherogenic lipid profile associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus . However , fish oil may have deleterious effects on lipid peroxidation and glycemic control . Design : In this study , 44 type 2 diabetic patients were r and omized to vitamin E st and ardized ( 53.6 mg/day ) supplementation ( capsules ) with 4 g daily of either fish oil ( n=23 ) or corn oil ( n=21 ) for 8 weeks preceded by a 4 week run-in period of corn oil supplementation . LDL was isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and oxidized in vitro with Cu2 + . As a marker of in vivo oxidation malondialdehyde concentration in LDL ( LDL-MDA ) was measured . Results : Fish oil reduced both mean lag time ( before , 57.8 ; after , 48.8 min , P<0.001 ) and mean propagation rate ( before , 0.018 ΔOD/min ; after , 0.015 ΔOD/min , P<0.001 ) , whereas corn oil had no influence on lag time and propagation rate . The changes in lag time and propagation rate differed significantly between fish oil and corn oil treatment . LDL-MDA changes differed borderline significantly between groups ( FO , 110.4 pmol/mg protein ; CO , 6.7 pmol/mg protein ; P=0.057 ) . Fish oil supplementation had no influence on glycemic control as assessed from HbA1c and fasting blood glucose . Conclusion : According to our findings , fish oil supplementation leads to increased in vivo oxidation and increased in vitro oxidation susceptibility of LDL particles . More studies are needed to clarify the clinical importance of this finding . Sponsorship : Financially supported by The Danish Heart Association and Dansk Droge A/S. Dansk Droge A/S generously provided the fish oil and corn oil capsules
Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .