Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
An Exploratory Study on the Effects of Tele-neurofeedback and Tele-biofeedback on Objective and Subjective Sleep in Patients with Primary Insomnia
Insomnia is a sleeping disorder , usually studied from a behavioural perspective , with a focus on somatic and cognitive arousal . Recent studies have suggested that an impairment of information processes due to the presence of cortical hyperarousal might interfere with normal sleep onset and /or consolidation . As such , a treatment modality focussing on CNS arousal , and thus influencing information processing , might be of interest . Seventien insomnia patients were r and omly assigned to either a tele-neurofeedback ( n = 9 ) or an electromyography tele-biofeedback ( n = 8) protocol . Twelve healthy controls were used to compare baseline sleep measures . A  polysomnography  was performed pre and post treatment . Total Sleep Time ( TST ) , was considered as our primary outcome variable . Sleep latency decreased pre to post treatment in both groups , but a significant improvement in TST was found only after the neurofeedback ( NFB ) protocol . Furthermore , sleep logs at home showed an overall improvement only in the neurofeedback group , whereas the sleep logs in the lab remained the same pre to post training . Only NFB training result ed in an increase in TST . The mixed results concerning perception of sleep might be related to method ological issues , such as the different locations of the training and sleep measurements
Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that  NF effectively changes brain activity patterns .
No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted .
Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF .
In conclusion , NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD , but further evidence is required to guide its use
Summary Neurofeedback ( NF ) is a training to enhance self-regulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states .
Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .