For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?
Prospective trial comparing full-field digital mammography (FFDM) versus combined FFDM and tomosynthesis in a population-based screening programme using independent double reading with arbitration
Abstract Objectives To compare double readings when interpreting full field digital mammography ( 2D ) and tomo synthesis ( 3D )  during mammographic screening . Methods A prospect i ve , Ethical Committee approved screening study is underway . During the first year 12,621 consenting women underwent both 2D and 3D imaging .  Each examination was independently interpreted by four radiologists under four reading modes : Arm A—2D ; Arm B—2D + CAD ; Arm C—2D + 3D ; Arm D— synthesis ed 2D + 3D . Examinations with a positive score by at least one reader were discussed at an arbitration meeting before a final management decision . Paired double reading of 2D ( Arm A + B ) and 2D + 3D ( Arm C + D ) were analysed . Performance measures were compared using generalised linear mixed models , accounting for inter-reader performance heterogeneity ( P < 0.05 ) . Results Pre-arbitration false-positive scores were 10.3 % ( 1,286/12,501 ) and 8.5 % ( 1,057/12,501 ) for 2D and 2D + 3D , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) . Recall rates were 2.9 % ( 365/12,621 ) and 3.7 % ( 463/12,621 ) , respectively ( P = 0.005 ) . Cancer detection was 7.1 ( 90/12,621 ) and 9.4 ( 119/12,621 ) per 1,000 examinations , respectively ( 30 % increase , P < 0.001 ) ; positive predictive values ( detected cancer patients per 100 recalls ) were 24.7 % and 25.5 % , respectively ( P = 0.97 ) . Using 2D + 3D , double-reading radiologists detected 27 additional invasive cancers ( P < 0.001 ) . Conclusion Double reading of 2D + 3D significantly improves the cancer detection rate in mammography screening . Key Points• Tomo synthesis -based screening was successfully implemented in a large prospect i ve screening trial . • Double reading of tomo synthesis -based examinations significantly reduced false-positive interpretations . • Double reading of tomo synthesis significantly increased the detection of invasive cancers
For example , mammography screening does not seem to create anxiety in women who are given a clear result after a mammogram .
The incidence of breast cancer and mortality increases with age , and the GDG extrapolated that the absolute health benefits are greater in women aged 45 to 49 than those aged 40 to 44 years .
However , for the 45- to 49-year age group , the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality compared with women between the ages of 40 and 44 , as well as observational evidence showing a greater benefit in this age group ( 33 ) , led the GDG to judge that the balance of health effects probably favors screening , although the required re sources for screening likely differ across setting s ( 34 , 35 ) .
Other EtD criteria also were generally in favor of implementing organized mammography screening in this age group .
Despite intensified efforts by the European Council since 2003 , the implementation of organized , population -based mammography screening is not uniform across Europe and depends greatly on the policies in place in different countries , the organization of health care , and available re sources ( 1 ) .
Since the last edition of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis was published in 2006 ( 2 ) , new evidence regarding breast cancer and innovation in guideline methodology prompted the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer ( ECIBC ) to develop new evidence -based recommendations ( in short , the European Breast Guidelines ) .
These guidelines inform women , health professionals , and policymakers about important questions related to organized mammography screening and breast cancer diagnosis , but recommendations may apply in context s in which organized screening programs are not in place .
Women generally consider these undesirable effects acceptable ( low certainty of evidence ) , and a systematic review suggested that women place a relatively low value on the psychosocial and physical effects of false-positive results and overdiagnosis ; however , some studies raised concerns about whether women fully underst and the result ing implication s ( 15 ) .
How Often Should Women Attend an Organized Mammography Screening Program ?