Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Results of the Diet, Exercise, and Weight Loss Intervention Trial (DEW-IT).
National guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension recommend sodium reduction , weight loss , the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet , and regular aerobic exercise . However , no trial has assessed the efficacy of simultaneously implementing all of these recommendations . The objective of this study was to determine the effects on blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease risk factors of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention . We conducted a r and omized controlled trial of 44 hypertensive , overweight adults on a single blood pressure medication . Participants were r and omized to a lifestyle or control group . For 9 weeks , the lifestyle group was fed a hypocaloric version of the DASH diet that provided 100 mmol/d of sodium . This group also participated in a supervised , moderate-intensity exercise program 3 times per week . The control group received no intervention . Outcomes were ambulatory blood pressure , serum lipids , weight , and fitness . At the end of the intervention , mean weight loss in the lifestyle group , net of control , was 4.9 kilograms . In the lifestyle group mean net reductions in 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 9.5 mm Hg ( P<0.001 ) and 5.3 mm Hg ( P<0.002 ) , respectively . Corresponding changes in daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 12.1 mm Hg ( P<0.001 ) and 6.6 mm Hg ( P<0.001 ) . The lifestyle group experienced mean reductions in total cholesterol ( -25 mg/dL , P<0.001 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( -18 mg/dL , P=0.005 ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( -5 mg/dL , P<0.001 ) , net of control . In conclusion , among hypertensive overweight adults already on antihypertensive medication , a comprehensive lifestyle intervention can substantially lower blood pressure and improve blood pressure control
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .