In subgroup analyses , all cause mortality was significantly lower in trials with vitamin D3 supplementation than in trials with vitamin D2 supplementation ( P for interaction=0.04 ) ; neither vitamin D3 nor vitamin D2 was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all cause mortality .
CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation alone was not associated with  all cause mortality in adults compared with placebo or no treatment .
Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of cancer death by 16 % .
Additional large clinical studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation is associated with lower all cause mortality .
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower mortality in adults .
Vitamin D and Physical Function in Sedentary Older Men
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing decline in physical function in older men . DESIGN R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . SETTING Single-center study conducted at a Veterans Affairs Healthcare System . PARTICIPANTS Sedentary men aged 65 to 90 ( mean 72.4 ± 6.8 ) with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25(OH)D levels of less than 30 ng/mL and Short Physical Performance Battery ( SPPB ) test scores of 9 or less ( N = 130 ) . INTERVENTION Daily capsule containing cholecalciferol 4,000 IU daily or placebo for 9 months . MEASUREMENTS Main outcomes were SPPB score and gait speed . RESULTS After the intervention , serum 25(OH)D increased from 23.1 ± 5.0 ng/mL to 46.2 ± 12.7 ng/mL in the cholecalciferol group and from 22.5 ± 5.3 ng/mL to 24.0 ± 7.2 ng/mL in the placebo group . At study end , improvements in SPPB score and gait speed were not significantly greater in men receiving cholecalciferol than in those receiving placebo . No differences were found in adverse events or numbers of falls . CONCLUSION Daily cholecalciferol 4,000 IU for 9 months result ed in significant increases in 25(OH)D concentrations , but achieving these higher levels did not result in improvements in SPPB score or gait speed . These data do not support prescribing vitamin D supplements to older sedentary men to prevent physical function decline
In subgroup analyses , all cause mortality was significantly lower in trials with vitamin D3 supplementation than in trials with vitamin D2 supplementation ( P for interaction=0.04 ) ; neither vitamin D3 nor vitamin D2 was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all cause mortality .
CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation alone was not associated with  all cause mortality in adults compared with placebo or no treatment .
Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of cancer death by 16 % .
Additional large clinical studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation is associated with lower all cause mortality .
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower mortality in adults .