Five minutes of jumping or thirty minutes on a treadmill or static bicycle were enough to produce appreciable improvements in inhibitory control or in cognitive and executive functions .
Benefits following exercise were also seen in other aspects such as reaction times and preparation for response , motor skills or brain activity .
CONCLUSION The findings make us optimistic that in the future physical exercise may become an alternative , or at least an effective complement , to the pharmacological treatments currently used for this pathology
BACKGROUND There are studies that show preliminary evidence of the benefits of physical exercise for people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) .
The objective of the research being reported here was to carry out a systematic review of articles relating to the effects that exercise sessions have on children and adolescents with this pathology .
Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
CONTEXT Data from a previous prospect i ve study of lobar volumes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) are reexamined using a measure of cortical thickness . OBJECTIVE To determine whether regional differences in cortical thickness or cortical changes across time characterize ADHD and predict or reflect its clinical outcome . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal study of 163 children with ADHD ( mean age at entry , 8.9 years ) and 166 controls recruited mainly from a local community in Maryl and . Participants were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging . Ninety-seven patients with ADHD ( 60 % ) had 2 or more images and baseline and follow-up clinical evaluations  ( mean follow-up , 5.7 years ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cortical thickness across the cerebrum . Patients with ADHD were divided into better and worse outcome groups on the basis of a mean split in scores on the Children 's Global Assessment Scale and persistence/remission of DSM-IV-defined ADHD . RESULTS Children with ADHD had global thinning of the cortex ( mean reduction , -0.09 mm ; P=.02 ) , most prominently in the medial and superior prefrontal and pre central regions . Children with worse clinical outcome had a thinner left medial prefrontal cortex at baseline than the better outcome group ( -0.38 mm ; P=.003 ) and controls ( -0.25 mm ; P=.002 ) . Cortical thickness developmental trajectories did not differ significantly between the ADHD and control groups throughout except in the right parietal cortex , where trajectories converged . This normalization of cortical thickness occurred only in the better outcome group . CONCLUSIONS Children with ADHD show relative cortical thinning in regions important for attentional control . Children with a worse outcome have " fixed " thinning of the left medial prefrontal cortex , which may compromise the anterior attentional network and encumber clinical improvement . Right parietal cortex thickness normalization in patients with a better outcome may represent compensatory cortical change
Five minutes of jumping or thirty minutes on a treadmill or static bicycle were enough to produce appreciable improvements in inhibitory control or in cognitive and executive functions .
Benefits following exercise were also seen in other aspects such as reaction times and preparation for response , motor skills or brain activity .
CONCLUSION The findings make us optimistic that in the future physical exercise may become an alternative , or at least an effective complement , to the pharmacological treatments currently used for this pathology
BACKGROUND There are studies that show preliminary evidence of the benefits of physical exercise for people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) .
The objective of the research being reported here was to carry out a systematic review of articles relating to the effects that exercise sessions have on children and adolescents with this pathology .