Results indicate that physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in subjects aged 65 years and older .
Conclusion Physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in healthy subjects aged 60 years and older .
The biggest effect of exercise intervention , of any type , has been seen on physical performance ( gait speed , chair rising test , balance , SPPB test , etc . )
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We observed huge variations in regard to the dietary supplementation protocol s. Based on the included studies , mainly performed on well-nourished subjects , the interactive effect of dietary supplementation on muscle function appears limited
Summary This systematic review summarizes the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention on muscle mass and muscle function .
However , any interactive effect of dietary supplementation appears to be limited .
Introduction In 2013 , Denison et al. conducted a systematic review including 17 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to explore the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention to improve muscle mass , muscle strength , or physical performance in older people .
They concluded that further studies were needed to provide evidence upon which public health and clinical recommendations could be based .
The purpose of the present work was to up date the prior systematic review and include studies published up to October 2015 .
Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass during 10 days of bed rest in older adults.
BACKGROUND Loss of muscle mass due to prolonged bed rest decreases functional capacity and increases hospital morbidity and mortality in older adults . OBJECTIVE To determine if HMB , a leucine metabolite , is capable of attenuating muscle decline in healthy older adults during complete bed rest . DESIGN A r and omized , controlled , double-blinded , parallel-group design study was carried out in 24 healthy ( SPPB ≥ 9 ) older adult subjects ( 20 women , 4 men ) , confined to complete bed rest for ten days , followed by resistance training rehabilitation for eight weeks . Subjects in the experimental group were treated with HMB ( calcium salt , 1.5 g twice daily - total 3 g/day ) . Control subjects were treated with an inactive placebo powder . Treatments were provided starting 5 days prior to bed rest till the end rehabilitation phase . DXA was used to measure body composition . RESULTS Nineteen eligible older adults ( BMI : 21 - 33 ; age : 60 - 76 year ) were evaluable at the end of the bed rest period ( Control n = 8 ; Ca-HMB n = 11 ) . Bed rest caused a significant decrease in total lean body mass ( LBM ) ( 2.05 ± 0.66 kg ; p = 0.02 , paired t-test ) in the Control group . With the exclusion of one subject , treatment with HMB prevented the decline in LBM over bed rest -0.17 ± 0.19 kg ; p = 0.23 , paired t-test ) . There was a statistically significant difference between treatment groups for change in LBM over bed rest ( p = 0.02 , ANOVA ) . Sub- analysis on female subjects ( Control = 7 , HMB = 8) also revealed a significant difference in change in LBM over bed rest between treatment groups ( p = 0.04 , ANOVA ) . However , differences in function parameters could not be observed , probably due to the sample size of the study . CONCLUSIONS In healthy older adults  , HMB supplementation preserves muscle mass during 10 days of bed rest . These results need to be confirmed in a larger trial
Results indicate that physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in subjects aged 65 years and older .
Conclusion Physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in healthy subjects aged 60 years and older .
The biggest effect of exercise intervention , of any type , has been seen on physical performance ( gait speed , chair rising test , balance , SPPB test , etc . )
.
We observed huge variations in regard to the dietary supplementation protocol s. Based on the included studies , mainly performed on well-nourished subjects , the interactive effect of dietary supplementation on muscle function appears limited
Summary This systematic review summarizes the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention on muscle mass and muscle function .
However , any interactive effect of dietary supplementation appears to be limited .
Introduction In 2013 , Denison et al. conducted a systematic review including 17 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to explore the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention to improve muscle mass , muscle strength , or physical performance in older people .
They concluded that further studies were needed to provide evidence upon which public health and clinical recommendations could be based .
The purpose of the present work was to up date the prior systematic review and include studies published up to October 2015 .