Lifestyle coping behaviours therefore have a significant contribution to AL .
This study is among the first to explore multiple domains of HRB in relation to AL .
Health risk behaviours ( HRB ) across the lifespan have been associated with higher cumulative physiological burden as measured by allostatic load ( AL ) .
This study examines the contribution of HRB and their effects on multisystem biological risk associated with morbidity and early mortality .
Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death.
BACKGROUND The extent to which diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia is related to risk of death from cancer or other nonvascular conditions is uncertain . METHODS We calculated hazard ratios for cause-specific death , according to baseline diabetes status or fasting glucose level , from  individual-participant data  on 123,205 deaths among 820,900 people in 97 prospect i ve studies . RESULTS After adjustment for age , sex , smoking status , and body-mass index , hazard ratios among persons with diabetes as compared with persons without diabetes were as follows : 1.80 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.71 to 1.90 ) for death from any cause , 1.25 ( 95 % CI , 1.19 to 1.31 ) for death from cancer , 2.32 ( 95 % CI , 2.11 to 2.56 ) for death from vascular causes , and 1.73 ( 95 % CI , 1.62 to 1.85 ) for death from other causes . Diabetes ( vs. no diabetes ) was moderately associated with death from cancers of the liver , pancreas , ovary , colorectum , lung , bladder , and breast . Aside from cancer and vascular disease , diabetes ( vs. no diabetes ) was also associated with death from renal disease , liver disease , pneumonia and other infectious diseases , mental disorders , nonhepatic digestive diseases , external causes , intentional self-harm , nervous-system disorders , and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Hazard ratios were appreciably reduced after further adjustment for glycemia measures , but not after adjustment for systolic blood pressure , lipid levels , inflammation or renal markers . Fasting glucose levels exceeding 100 mg per deciliter ( 5.6 mmol per liter ) , but not levels of 70 to 100 mg per deciliter ( 3.9 to 5.6 mmol per liter ) , were associated with death . A 50-year-old with diabetes died , on average , 6 years earlier than a counterpart without diabetes , with about 40 % of the difference in survival attributable to excess nonvascular deaths . CONCLUSIONS In addition to vascular disease , diabetes is associated with substantial premature death from several cancers , infectious diseases , external causes , intentional self-harm , and degenerative disorders , independent of several major risk factors . ( Funded by the British Heart Foundation and others . )
Lifestyle coping behaviours therefore have a significant contribution to AL .
This study is among the first to explore multiple domains of HRB in relation to AL .
Health risk behaviours ( HRB ) across the lifespan have been associated with higher cumulative physiological burden as measured by allostatic load ( AL ) .
This study examines the contribution of HRB and their effects on multisystem biological risk associated with morbidity and early mortality .