Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .
Evaluation of signs of postoperative pain and complications after forelimb onychectomy in cats receiving buprenorphine alone or with bupivacaine administered as a four-point regional nerve block.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate signs of postoperative pain and complications after forelimb onychectomy in cats receiving buprenorphine alone or with bupivacaine administered as a 4-point regional nerve block . DESIGN Prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blind clinical trial . ANIMALS 20 cats . PROCEDURE All cats received buprenorphine ( 0.01 mg/kg [ 0.004 mg/lb ] , IM ) preoperatively . One forelimb of each cat also received bupivacaine ( 1 mg/kg [ 0.45 mg/lb ] of a 0.75 % solution ) administered as a 4-point regional nerve block . After onychectomy , discomfort ( lameness , foot reaction , and pain ) scores were evaluated by 2 experienced observers 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 24 , and 168 hours postoperatively . Complication ( hemorrhage , swelling , and infection ) scores were evaluated 24 and 168 hours postoperatively . Surgeries were performed by 1 experienced veterinary surgeon . Rescue analgesia was provided if needed . RESULTS 6 cats required rescue analgesia postoperatively . There was no difference in discomfort or complication scores between control limbs and limbs in which a nerve block was administered . Additionally , there was no difference in discomfort and complication scores between cats that did or did not require rescue analgesia . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bupivacaine administered as a 4-point regional nerve block in addition to a systemic analgesic did not decrease discomfort or complication scores in cats undergoing forelimb onychectomy
Studies were primarily related to the assessment of pain in relation to surgical procedures , and no clear distinction was made concerning the onset of acute and chronic pain .
The metrics used within the tools appeared to focus primarily on the sensory aspect of pain , with no study clearly discriminating between the sensory and affective components of pain .
Objectives The objectives were to review systematic ally the range of assessment tools used in cats to detect the behavioural expression of pain and the evidence of their quality ; and to examine behavioural metrics ( considering both the sensory and affective domains ) used to assess pain .