Treatment effects on apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were not observed .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that dietary pulse intake significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels .
BACKGROUND Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses ( beans , chickpeas , lentils and peas ) as a method of improving dyslipidemia , but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have grade d the beneficial evidence as low .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction .
Effects of lupin-enriched foods on body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a 12-month randomized controlled weight loss trial
Background : Regular consumption of diets with increased protein or fibre intakes may benefit body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors .  Lupin flour is a novel food ingredient high in protein and fibre . Objective : To investigate the effects of a lupin-enriched diet , during and following energy restriction , on body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors  in overweight individuals . Design : Participants ( n=131 ) were recruited to a 12-month parallel- design trial . They were r and omly assigned to consume lupin-enriched foods or matching high-carbohydrate control foods . All participants underwent 3 months of weight loss , 1 month of weight stabilization and 8 months of weight maintenance . Body weight and composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed at baseline , 4 and 12 months . Results : Lupin , relative to control , did not significantly influence ( mean difference ( 95 % CI ) ) weight loss at 4 months ( 0.1 kg ( −1.2 , 1.4 ) ) and 12 months ( −0.6 kg ( −2.0 , 0.8 ) ) , maintenance of weight loss from 4 to 12 months ( −0.7 kg ( −1.83 , 0.48 ) ) or measures of body fat and fat-free mass . Relative to control , 24-h ambulatory systolic ( −1.3 mm Hg ( −2.4 , −0.3 ) , P=0.016 ) and diastolic ( −1.0 mm Hg ( −1.9 , −0.2 ) , P=0.021 ) blood pressures were lower at 12 months but not at 4 months ; fasting insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA ) scores were significantly lower at 4 months ( −1.2 mU l–1 ( −1.3 , −1.1 ) , P=0.004 and −0.6 units ( −1.0 , −0.19 ) , P=0.004 ) and 12 months ( −1.3 mU l–1 ( −1.4 , −1.1 ) , P<0.001 and −0.7 units ( −1.1 , −0.24 ) , P=0.002 ) . Conclusions : A diet higher in protein and fibre derived from lupin-enriched foods does not enhance weight loss or improve the maintenance of weight loss . However , such a diet may provide cardiovascular health benefits in terms of insulin sensitivity and blood pressure
Treatment effects on apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were not observed .
INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that dietary pulse intake significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels .
BACKGROUND Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses ( beans , chickpeas , lentils and peas ) as a method of improving dyslipidemia , but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have grade d the beneficial evidence as low .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction .