In addition , 19 letters to the editor/ review s/editorials/experts ' surveys/experts ' opinion were used for discussion purpose s. Conclusions NVAF is highly prevalent among ICH survivors .
The risks of IS , recurrent ICH , and mortality are heightened in this group .
Most published data show a net benefit in terms of IS prevention and mortality when anticoagulation is restarted .
Background We summarize the existing evidence on the potential benefit of oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) survivors with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) .
Left atrial appendage occlusion in atrial fibrillation after intracranial hemorrhage
Objective : To evaluate the safety and feasibility of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion ( LAAO ) in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and previous intracranial hemorrhage ( ICH ) . Methods : In an explorative , prospect i ve , single-center , observational study , LAAO was performed in patients with previous ICH and AF using the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug device . Risks of ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic complications were estimated using the CHA2DS2Vasc score and the HAS-BLED score . Before and 1 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months after the procedure , clinical status and complications were recorded . Major complications were predefined as periprocedural stroke , death , pericardial effusion , and device embolism . Results : LAAO was performed in 20 patients . Based on CHA2DS2Vasc score ( mean 4.5 ± 1.4 ) and HAS-BLED score ( mean 4.7 ± 1.0 ) , annual risks of stroke and hemorrhagic complications were 4.0%–6.7 % and 8.7%–12.5 % , respectively . No patient had a procedure-related complication . Minor postprocedural complications were observed in 4/20 patients ( 2 inguinal hematoma , 1 self-limiting asystole , and 1 thrombus formation on device ) . No ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke occurred during a mean follow-up of 13.6 ± 8.2 months . Conclusions : In this first study of LAAO in patients with previous ICH , LAAO appears feasible and safe . A larger , controlled trial is needed to assess the efficacy and safety of the procedure compared to other preventive measures . Classification of evidence : This study provides Class III evidence that in patients with a history of previous ICH and AF  , percutaneous LAAO is safe and feasible
In addition , 19 letters to the editor/ review s/editorials/experts ' surveys/experts ' opinion were used for discussion purpose s. Conclusions NVAF is highly prevalent among ICH survivors .
The risks of IS , recurrent ICH , and mortality are heightened in this group .
Most published data show a net benefit in terms of IS prevention and mortality when anticoagulation is restarted .
Background We summarize the existing evidence on the potential benefit of oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) survivors with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) .