Bioceramics has significantly higher success rates than amalgam , but they were statistically similar to intermediate restorative material ( IRM ) and Super ethoxybenzoic acid ( Super EBA ) when used as retro grade filling material s in apical surgery .
However , it seems that the high success rates were not solely attributable to the type of the root-end filling material s. The surgical/microsurgical techniques and tooth prognostic factors may significantly affect treatment outcome
Introduction Periradicular surgery involves the placement of a root-end filling following root-end resection , to provide an apical seal to the root canal system .
Historically several material s have been used in order to achieve this seal .
Recently a class of material s known as Bioceramics have been adopted .
A prospective clinical study of periradicular surgery using mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling.
A prospect i ve outcome study of  periradicular surgery  using microsurgical techniques and root-end filling with mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) was performed . Nonhealing endodontically treated teeth ( n = 321 ) were included in the study . Surgery was completed under local anesthesia using a st and ardized clinical protocol . Patients were recalled periodically and examined for signs and symptoms of failure . Thirty-nine teeth were lost from recall . Of the 276 teeth examined , 163 showed complete healing radiographically with no other signs and symptoms ; 82 teeth had no symptoms but incomplete or uncertain healing , and 31 teeth showed nonhealing ( three had persistent pain despite evidence of complete radiologic healing and eight teeth did not heal for reasons unrelated to the surgical treatment ) . The overall success rate was 88.8 % , including all teeth with no clinical symptoms . In this study , the use of MTA as a root-end filling , following microsurgical techniques , showed a high success rate
Bioceramics has significantly higher success rates than amalgam , but they were statistically similar to intermediate restorative material ( IRM ) and Super ethoxybenzoic acid ( Super EBA ) when used as retro grade filling material s in apical surgery .
However , it seems that the high success rates were not solely attributable to the type of the root-end filling material s. The surgical/microsurgical techniques and tooth prognostic factors may significantly affect treatment outcome
Introduction Periradicular surgery involves the placement of a root-end filling following root-end resection , to provide an apical seal to the root canal system .
Historically several material s have been used in order to achieve this seal .
Recently a class of material s known as Bioceramics have been adopted .