The results showed that low-dose oral and transdermal estrogen in all dose ranges were more likely than placebo to decrease the frequency of VMS .
Indeed , the nanostructured formulation was safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of menopause .
Low-dose estrogen-based therapies can be the most effective regimens to relieve VMS .
These medications can be used by different administration routes and formulations
BACKGROUND Menopause is a critical phenomenon in women 's life .
After cardiac diseases , menopause is the second major cause of living with a disability in 45 - 60 year old women .
The majority of women will experience bothersome  vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) .
Menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) is the most effective treatment for these symptoms .
The objective of this review is to focus on hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms .
The effectiveness of sublingual and topical compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: an observational cohort study.
Prior studies demonstrated improved menopausal symptom relief following treatment with compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy ; however , clinical effectiveness studies evaluating different routes of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy administration are lacking . The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sublingual and topical compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of vasomotor , mood , and other quality -of-life symptoms in post-menopausal women . This was a prospect i ve , observational cohort study of women > or = 18 years of age who received a compounded sublingual or topical bioidentical hormone replacement therapy preparation between January 1 , 2003 and October 1 , 2010 in a community pharmacy . Data collection included patient demographics , comorbidities , hormone regimens , and therapeutic outcomes . Patients rated their vasomotor , mood , and quality -of-life symptoms as absent , mild , moderate , or severe at baseline , at one to three months follow-up , and three to six months follow-up . Baseline characteristics were compared using the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables . Symptom intensity between baseline and follow-up periods were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test . A total of 200 patients met study criteria ; 160 received topical bioidentical hormone replacement therapy  , and 40 received sublingual bioidentical hormone replacement therapy . Most sublingually-treated patients ( 70 % ) received an estrogen combination and 100 % received progesterone . Nearly half ( 43 % ) of the topically treated patients received an estrogen combination ( 43 % ) and 99 % received progesterone . The percentage of sublingually treated patients reporting " moderate " or " severe " symptoms was significantly reduced at one to three months follow-up for the following target symptoms : hot flashes ( 31 % , P = 0.04 ) , night sweats ( 38 % , P < 0.01 ) , irritability ( 36 % , P = 0.01 ) , anxiety ( 42 % , P < 0.01 ) , emotional lability ( 38 % , P < 0.01 ) , sleep disturbances ( 35 % , P < 0.01 ) , memory loss ( 35 % , P = 0.04 ) , fatigue ( 33 % , P = 0.04 ) , and libido ( 26 % , P = 0.03 ) . Similar reductions were seen at three to six months follow-up compared to baseline . Patients who received topical therapy did not experience significant symptom reductions at one to three months follow-up ; however , significant symptom reduction was seen at three to six months for the following : emotional lability ( 31 % , P < 0.01 ) , irritability ( 29 % , P = 0.02 ) , and night sweats ( 20 % , P = 0.04 ) . Compounded sublingual bioidentical hormone replacement therapy is effective in reducing vasomotor , mood , and quality -of-life symptoms experienced in post-menopausal women .  Topical therapy does not appear to improve symptoms as extensively or rapidly as sublingual therapy
The results showed that low-dose oral and transdermal estrogen in all dose ranges were more likely than placebo to decrease the frequency of VMS .
Indeed , the nanostructured formulation was safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of menopause .
Low-dose estrogen-based therapies can be the most effective regimens to relieve VMS .
These medications can be used by different administration routes and formulations
BACKGROUND Menopause is a critical phenomenon in women 's life .
After cardiac diseases , menopause is the second major cause of living with a disability in 45 - 60 year old women .
The majority of women will experience bothersome  vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) .
Menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) is the most effective treatment for these symptoms .
The objective of this review is to focus on hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms .