Inflammation appeared to be associated with greater loss of muscle strength .
There was inconclusive evidence that the level of physical activity affects change in skeletal muscle .
In regard to the effect of interventions , only exercise interventions were consistently associated with improved skeletal muscle outcomes .
CONCLUSIONS Adult patients who undergo an unplanned hospital admission may experience a small reduction in knee extension strength and mid-arm muscle mass .
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the review was to describe change that occurs in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation in adult patients .
The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between both physical activity and inflammation with the change in skeletal muscle .
A further objective was to investigate the effect of interventions on change in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation .
Twenty-four-hour mobility during acute hospitalization in older medical patients.
BACKGROUND Inactivity during hospitalization in older medical patients may lead to functional decline . This study quantified 24-hour mobility , vali date d the accelerometers used , and assessed the daily level of basic mobility in acutely admitted older medical patients during their hospitalization . METHODS This is a prospect i ve cohort study in older medical patients able to walk independently ( ambulatory patients ) and those not able to walk independently ( nonambulatory patients ) on admission . The 24-hour mobility level during hospitalization was assessed by measuring the time in lying , sitting , and st and ing and /or walking , by two accelerometers .  Basic mobility  was quantified within 48 hours of admission and repeated daily throughout hospitalization . RESULTS Forty-three ambulatory patients and six nonambulatory patients were included . The ambulatory patients tended to be hospitalized for fewer days than the nonambulatory patients ( 7 vs 16 , p = .13 ) . The ambulatory patients were lying median 17 hours , ( interquartile range [ IQR ] : 14.4 - 19.1 ) , sitting 5.1 hours ( IQR : 2.9 - 7.1 ) , and st and ing and /or walking 1.1 hours ( IQR : 0.6 - 1.7 ) per day . On days with independency in basic mobility , the ambulatory patients were lying 4.1 hours less compared with days with dependency in basic mobility ( p < .0001 ) , sitting 2.4 hours more ( p = .0004 ) , and st and ing 0.9 hours more ( p < .0001 ) . The algorithm identification for  lying , sitting , and st and ing and /or walking  of the accelerometers , corresponded by 89%-100 % with positions performed by older medical patients . CONCLUSIONS Older acutely hospitalized medical patients with walking ability spent 17h/d of their in-hospital time in bed , and the level of in-hospital mobility seemed to depend on the patients ' level of basic mobility . The accelerometers were valid in assessing mobility in older medical patients
Inflammation appeared to be associated with greater loss of muscle strength .
There was inconclusive evidence that the level of physical activity affects change in skeletal muscle .
In regard to the effect of interventions , only exercise interventions were consistently associated with improved skeletal muscle outcomes .
CONCLUSIONS Adult patients who undergo an unplanned hospital admission may experience a small reduction in knee extension strength and mid-arm muscle mass .
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the review was to describe change that occurs in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation in adult patients .
The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between both physical activity and inflammation with the change in skeletal muscle .
A further objective was to investigate the effect of interventions on change in skeletal muscle during periods of unplanned hospitalisation .