Higher circulating concentrations of insulin , leptin , cholecystokinin and peptide-YY accord with reduced appetite and energy intakes in healthy older adults .
Interventions to reduce circulating levels of these hormones may be beneficial for combatting the anorexia of ageing
Ageing is associated with reduced appetite and energy intakes .
However , the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood .
This systematic review and meta- analysis quantified differences in circulating concentrations of appetite-related hormones between healthy older and younger adults .
Energy intake and appetite are related to antral area in healthy young and older subjects.
BACKGROUND Gastric distension reduces food intake , and antral , rather than proximal , gastric distension may be the dominant mechanism in the induction of appetite-related sensations . Healthy aging is associated with reduced appetite . OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of different energy preloads on appetite , plasma cholecystokinin , antral area , and subsequent energy intake in healthy older and young subjects . DESIGN On 3 separate days , 12 young and 12 older subjects consumed 400 mL of a drink containing either 0 kcal ( water ) , 250 kcal , or 750 kcal 70 min before a buffet-style meal . RESULTS Hunger was less in the older than in the young subjects ( P < 0.001 ) . Both nutrient preloads reduced hunger and increased fullness more than did water ( P < 0.02 ) , and older subjects were more full than were the young ( P < 0.05 ) . Antral area was greater after the nutrient preloads than after water ( P = 0.001 ) and greater in the older than in the young subjects ( P = 0.005 ) . In both groups , food intake was suppressed in an energy-dependent manner ( P = 0.008 ) . Plasma cholecystokinin was greater in the older than in the young subjects ( P = 0.003 ) . Immediately before the meal , hunger ( r = -0.59 ) and energy intake ( r = -0.90 ) were inversely related and fullness ( r = 0.66 ) was directly related to antral area ( all : P < 0.001 ) . Antral area , but not plasma cholecystokinin , was a predictor of subsequent energy intake . CONCLUSION In healthy young and older subjects , the suppression of subsequent energy intake by a liquid preload is nutrient dependent and comparable , and both satiation and satiety are related to antral area and ( presumably ) antral distension
Higher circulating concentrations of insulin , leptin , cholecystokinin and peptide-YY accord with reduced appetite and energy intakes in healthy older adults .
Interventions to reduce circulating levels of these hormones may be beneficial for combatting the anorexia of ageing
Ageing is associated with reduced appetite and energy intakes .
However , the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood .
This systematic review and meta- analysis quantified differences in circulating concentrations of appetite-related hormones between healthy older and younger adults .