Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
Effects of exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer outcomes.
UNLABELLED Observational studies suggest that physical activity after a breast cancer diagnosis is associated with improved cancer outcomes ; however , no r and omized data are available . Here , we report an exploratory follow-up of cancer outcomes from the Supervised Trial of Aerobic versus Resistance Training ( START ) . METHODS The START was a Canadian multicenter trial that r and omized 242 breast cancer patients between 2003 and 2005 to usual care ( n = 82 ) , supervised aerobic ( n = 78 ) , or resistance ( n = 82 ) exercise during chemotherapy .  The primary end point for this exploratory analysis was disease-free survival ( DFS ) . Secondary end points were overall survival , distant DFS , and recurrence-free interval . The two exercise arms were combined for analysis ( n = 160 ) , and selected subgroups were explored . RESULTS After a median follow-up of 89 months , there were 25/160 ( 15.6 % ) DFS events in the exercise groups and 18/82 ( 22.0 % ) in the control group . Eight-year DFS was 82.7 % for the exercise groups compared with 75.6 % for the control group ( HR , 0.68 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.37 - 1.24 ; log-rank , P = 0.21 ) . Slightly stronger effects were observed for overall survival ( HR , 0.60 ; 95 % CI , 0.27 - 1.33 ; log-rank , P = 0.21 ) , distant DFS ( HR , 0.62 ; 95 % CI , 0.32 - 1.19 ; log-rank , P = 0.15 ) , and recurrence-free interval ( HR , 0.58 ; 95 % CI , 0.30 - 1.11 ; Gray test , P = 0.095 ) . Subgroup analyses suggested potentially stronger exercise effects on DFS for women who were overweight/obese ( HR , 0.59 ; 95 % CI , 0.27 - 1.27 ) , had stage II/III cancer ( HR , 0.61 ; 95 % CI , 0.31 - 1.20 ) , estrogen receptor-positive tumors ( HR , 0.58 ; 95 % CI , 0.26 - 1.29 ) , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive tumors ( HR , 0.21 ; 95 % CI , 0.04 - 1.02 ) , received taxane-based chemotherapies ( HR , 0.46 ; 95 % CI , 0.19 - 1.15 ) , and ≥85 % of their planned chemotherapy ( HR , 0.50 ; 95 % CI , 0.25 - 1.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS This exploratory follow-up of the START provides the first r and omized data to suggest that adding exercise to st and ard chemotherapy may improve breast cancer outcomes . A definitive phase III trial is warranted
Interventions to promote exercise in cancer survivors who report better levels of adherence share some common behaviour change techniques .
These involve setting programme goals , prompting practise and self-monitoring and encouraging participants to attempt to generalise behaviours learned in supervised exercise environments to other , non-supervised context s. However , expecting most sedentary survivors to achieve current guideline recommendations of at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise is likely to be unrealistic .
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of regular exercise for people living with or beyond cancer are becoming apparent .
However , how to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary cancer cohorts is not as well understood .
A large majority of people living with or recovering from cancer do not meet exercise recommendations .
Hence , review ing the evidence on how to promote and sustain exercise behaviour is important .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to promote exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer and to address the following questions : Which interventions are most effective in improving aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength and endurance ?
What adverse effects are attributed to different exercise interventions ?
Which interventions are most effective in improving exercise behaviour amongst patients with different cancers ?
Which interventions are most likely to promote long-term ( 12 months or longer ) exercise behaviour ?
What frequency of contact with exercise professionals is associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What theoretical basis is most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?
What behaviour change techniques are most often associated with increased exercise behaviour ?