Conclusions The main findings from this systematic review were balance training provided the most consistent improvements in self-reported function for patients with CAI
Objective To identify which therapeutic intervention may be most effective for improving self-reported function in patients with chronic ankle instability ( CAI ) .
The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States.
BACKGROUND Ankle sprain has been studied in athletic cohorts , but little is known of its epidemiology in the general population . A longitudinal , prospect i ve epidemiological data base was used to determine the incidence and demographic risk factors for ankle sprains presenting to emergency departments in the United States . It was our hypothesis that ankle sprain is influenced by sex , race , age , and involvement in athletics . METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System ( NEISS ) was queried for all ankle sprain injuries presenting to emergency departments between 2002 and 2006 . Incidence rate ratios were then calculated with respect to age , sex , and race . RESULTS During the study period , an estimated 3,140,132 ankle sprains occurred among an at-risk population of 1,461,379,599 person-years for an incidence rate of 2.15 per 1000 person-years in the United States . The peak incidence of ankle sprain occurred between fifteen and nineteen years of age ( 7.2 per 1000 person-years ) . Males , compared with females , did not demonstrate an overall increased incidence rate ratio for ankle sprain ( incidence rate ratio , 1.04 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.00 to 1.09 ) . However , males between fifteen and twenty-four years old had a substantially higher incidence of ankle sprain than their female counterparts ( incidence rate ratio , 1.53 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.41 to 1.66 ) , whereas females over thirty years old had a higher incidence compared with their male counterparts ( incidence rate ratio , 2.03 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.65 to 2.65 ) . Compared with the Hispanic race , the black and white races were associated with substantially higher rates of ankle sprain ( incidence rate ratio , 3.55 [ 95 % confidence interval , 1.01 to 6.09 ] and 2.49 [ 95 % confidence interval , 1.01 to 3.97 ] , respectively ) . Nearly half of all ankle sprains ( 49.3 % ) occurred during athletic activity , with basketball ( 41.1 % ) , football ( 9.3 % ) , and soccer ( 7.9 % ) being associated with the highest percentage of ankle sprains during athletics . CONCLUSIONS An age of ten to nineteen years old is associated with higher rates of ankle sprain . Males between fifteen and twenty-four years old have higher rates of ankle sprain than their female counterparts , whereas females over thirty years old have higher rates than their male counterparts . Half of all ankle sprains occur during athletic activity
Conclusions The main findings from this systematic review were balance training provided the most consistent improvements in self-reported function for patients with CAI
Objective To identify which therapeutic intervention may be most effective for improving self-reported function in patients with chronic ankle instability ( CAI ) .