There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
A cluster randomised school-based lifestyle intervention programme for the prevention of childhood obesity and related early cardiovascular disease (JuvenTUM 3)
Background Childhood obesity is not only associated with adult obesity but also with increased risk of adult onset of type 2 diabetes and subsequent coronary heart disease . The potential effects of school-based health intervention programmes on cardiovascular risk and surrogate markers are unclear , as only few studies have attempted to investigate a complete risk profile including a detailed laboratory analysis or micro- and macrovascular function . In this study a comprehensive school-based r and omized intervention programme will be investigated in 10 - 14-year old children addressing the influence of lifestyle intervention on inactivity , cardiometabolic risk factors and early signs of vascular disease . Methods / Design 15 secondary schools in Southern Germany are r and omly assigned to intervention or control schools . Children in the fifth grade ( 10 - 11 years ) will be observed over four years . The study combines a school-based with a home-based approach , aim ing at children , teachers and parents . The main components are weekly lifestyle-lessons for children , taught by regular classroom teachers to increase physical activity in- and outside of school , to improve eating patterns at school and at home , to reduce media consumption and to amplify well-being . In 4 - 6 annual meetings , teachers receive information about health-related topics with worksheets for children and supporting equipment , accounting for school-specific needs and strategies . Parents ' trainings are provided on a regular basis . All examinations are performed at the beginning and at the end of every school year . Anthropometry includes measurements of BMI , waist and upper arm circumferences , skinfold thickness as well as peripheral blood pressure . Blood sampling includes lipid parameters , insulin , glucose , hsCRP , adiponectin , and IL-6 as well as testosteron and estrogen to determine maturation status . Vascular function is non-invasively assessed by measuring arterial stiffness in large arteries using a sphygmograph and by analysing arteriolar and venular diameters in the retinal microcirculation using a non-mydriatric vessel analyser . A question naire is filled out to determine daily physical activity , motivational factors , dietary habits , quality of life ( KINDL-R ) and socio-economic data . Physical fitness is assessed by a six-item test battery . Discussion Our study aims to provide a feasible long-term intervention strategy to re-establish childhood health and to prevent obesity-related cardiovascular dysfunction in children . Trial Registration
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .