Conclusions In the context of low SFAs , high-MUFA diets in isocaloric substitution for high-CHO diets did not affect blood pressure in individuals with and without hypertension .
Context Current dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease risk management recommend restricting intake of saturated fatty acids ( SFAs ) .
However , the optimal macronutrient profile , in the context of a low-SFA diet , remains controversial .
The blood-pressure effect of replacing SFAs in diets with monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) compared with carbohydrate has not been quantified to date .
Effects on Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Lipid Levels of High-Monounsaturated Fat Diet Compared With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in NIDDM Subjects
OBJECTIVE To compare the influence on blood pressure , glucose , and lipid levels of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with an isocaloric , highcarbohydrate diet in 15 NIDDM subjects . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A crossover design with diet interventions and wash-out periods of 3 wk was applied . The patients were r and omly assigned to a 3-wk treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet containing 50 % of energy as carbohydrate and 30 % of energy as fat ( 10 % of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids ) or an isocaloric diet with 30 % of energy as carbohydrate and 50 % of energy as fat ( 30 % of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids ) . On the last day of the two diets , 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and day profiles of glucose , hormones , and lipids were performed to a test menu rich in carbohydrates . RESULTS The diet rich in monounsaturated fat reduced daytime systolic ( 131 ± 3 vs. 137 ± 3 mmHg , P < 0.04 ) and 24-h systolic blood pressure ( 126 ± 8 vs. 130 ± 10 mmHg , P < 0.03 ) as well as daytime diastolic ( 78 ± 2 vs. 84 ± 2 mmHg , P < 0.02 ) and diurnal diastolic blood pressure ( 75 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 5 mmHg , P < 0.03 ) as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet . Evidence of lowered blood glucose levels on the high-monounsaturated diet compared with the highcarbohydrate diet were found with lower fasting blood glucose ( 6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 6.8 ± 0.5 mM , P < 0.05 ) , lower average blood glucose levels ( 7.4 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 0.6 mM , P < 0.04 ) , and peak blood glucose responses ( 9.9 ± 0.6 vs. 11.3 ± 0.7 mM , P < 0.02 ) . The two diets had the same impact on lipid levels . CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in monounsaturated fat has beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism , whereas no adverse effects on lipid composition in NIDDM subjects is detected
Conclusions In the context of low SFAs , high-MUFA diets in isocaloric substitution for high-CHO diets did not affect blood pressure in individuals with and without hypertension .
Context Current dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease risk management recommend restricting intake of saturated fatty acids ( SFAs ) .
However , the optimal macronutrient profile , in the context of a low-SFA diet , remains controversial .
The blood-pressure effect of replacing SFAs in diets with monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) compared with carbohydrate has not been quantified to date .