All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .
Can mucosal sealing reduce tonsillectomy pain?
OBJECTIVE /HYPOTHESIS The hypothesis tests whether sealing the tonsillectomy field with posterior pillar mucosa can prevent unwanted outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy . STUDY DESIGN A prospect i ve , r and omized , single blinded study was conducted on a sample of 39 children between 3 and 15 years of age . After dissection and snare tonsillectomy , the tonsillar fossa was covered on one side using the palatopharyngus mucosa and the other side is used as control . Pain scores , healing , edema and infection at the operation site were investigated . METHODS The tonsillectomy sites were r and omly assigned into one of two groups . First group contained the ones with mucosal flap sealed over the operation site and the second group was kept as control with the operation site left uncovered . All of the patients received mild analgesics . The pain assessment is done on Days 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 and 10 postoperatively , by using Wong-Baker faces visual analog scale . On the 10th postoperative day , the operation field of each side is scored separately for edema , healing and infection . Statistical investigation was performed through a software program . RESULTS On first postoperative day , pain level difference was not statistically significant between the two groups ( p>0.01 ) . But from 3rd to 10th postoperative day , the pain level was found out to be lower in the mucosa sealed site ( p<0.01 ) . On the 10th postoperative day , while the edema was significantly more ( p<0.01 ) , healing was better ( p<0.01 ) at the sutured site . Postoperative infection at operation site was not different between the groups ( p>0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Covering tonsillectomy field with mucosal palatopharyngeal arch flap significantly reduces pain after third postoperative day . The flap side had better healing when compared to denuded site . But the sutures in the mucosal flap may cause more tissue edema . Sutures have no significant effect on postoperative infection . Thus , mucosal flap may be used as an adjuvant surgical technique to decrease tonsillectomy pain of children in addition to the analgesic medication
All 4 faces pain scales were found to be adequately supported by psychometric data .
When given a choice between faces scales , children preferred the WBFPRS .
Confounding of pain intensity with affect caused by use of smiling and crying anchor faces is a disadvantage of the WBFPRS .
: For clinical use , we found no grounds to switch from 1 faces scale to another when 1 of the scales is in use .
CONTEXT : Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of  pain intensity in children .
It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a particular purpose with regard to validity , reliability , feasibility , and preference .
OBJECTIVES : To summarize and systematic ally review faces pain scales most commonly used to obtain self-report of pain intensity in children for evaluation of reliability and validity and to compare the scales for preference and utility .