RESULT ( S ) For infants , studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits , but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development .
Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive , behavioral , socio-emotional , and psychomotor development .
For children in middle childhood , development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls , although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age .
( S ) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after  fertility treatment  is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction  compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception .
Infant outcome of 957 singletons born after frozen embryo replacement: the Danish National Cohort Study 1995-2006.
OBJECTIVE To examine infant outcome of singletons born after cryopreservation of embryos ( Cryo ) .  DESIGN National population -based controlled follow-up study . SETTING Denmark , 1995 - 2007 . PATIENT(S ) The study population was 957 Cryo singletons ( Cryo-IVF , n=660 ; Cryo-ICSI , n=244 ; Cryo-IVF/-ICSI , n=53 ) . The first control group was all singletons born after fresh IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) during the same period ( IVF  , n=6904 ; ICSI , n=3425 ) . The second control group comprised a r and om sample of non-assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) singletons ( n=4800 ) . INTERVENTION(S ) All observations were obtained from national registers . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Low birth weight ( LBW ; < 2500 g ) , preterm birth ( PTB ; < 37 weeks ) , congenital malformations , mortality , and morbidity . RESULT ( S ) Birth weight was higher in Cryo ( mean=3578 g , SD=625 ) versus fresh ( mean=3373 g , SD=648 ) and in Cryo versus non-ART ( mean=3537 g , SD=572 ) , and this was also the case for first birth only . Lower adjusted risk of LBW ( odds ratio [OR]=0.63 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.45 - 0.87 ) and PTB ( OR=0.70 ; 95 % CI , 0.53 - 0.92 ) was observed in Cryo versus fresh . Similar LBW and PTB rates were observed when comparing Cryo with non-ART , but the perinatal mortality rate was doubled in Cryo ( 1.6 % ) compared with non-ART ( 0.8 % ) singletons , and the adjusted risks of very preterm birth ( < 34 weeks ) and neonatal admittance were also significantly increased . No significant differences in the prevalence rates of birth defects , neurological sequelae , malignancies , and imprinting-related diseases were observed between the Cryo and the two control groups . However higher malformation and cerebral palsy rates were observed in the total Fresh vs. non-ART group . CONCLUSION ( S ) Cryo singletons have better neonatal outcome than offspring after fresh ET but poorer compared with non-ART singletons
RESULT ( S ) For infants , studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits , but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development .
Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive , behavioral , socio-emotional , and psychomotor development .
For children in middle childhood , development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls , although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age .
( S ) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after  fertility treatment  is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction  compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception .