Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .
No significant differences between intervention programmes on neck, shoulder and low back pain: a prospective randomized study among home-care personnel.
The effects of two different prevention programmes on : ( 1 ) reported neck , shoulder and back pain , ( 2 ) perceived physical exertion at work and perceived work-related psychosocial factors , were evaluated by question naires after 12 and 18 months . Female nursing aides and assistant nurses ( n = 282 ) working in the home-care services , were r and omly assigned to one of three groups for : ( 1 ) individually design ed physical training programme , ( 2 ) work-place stress management , ( 3 ) control group . Results revealed no significant differences between the three groups . However , improvements in low back pain were registered within both intervention groups for up to 18 months . Perceived physical exertion at work was reduced in the physical training group . Improvements in neck and shoulder pain did not differ within the three groups . Dissatisfaction with work-related , psychosocial factors was generally increased in all groups . As the aetiology of neck , shoulder and back disorders is multifactorial , a combination of the two intervention programmes might be preferable and should be further studied
Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise .
Within this domain , there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training .
There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics , multifaceted interventions , and stress management .
No intervention domains were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD  among workers with physically dem and ing work .
In regard to workplace ergonomics , there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practice s. Based on the scientific literature , participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers .
Purpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) among employees with physically dem and ing work .