Interventions with a duration of 2 - 6 months providing professional-led support with asynchronous and synchronous communication appeared to be associated with significant well-being outcomes .
While the meta-analyses demonstrated nonsignificant results for depression and distress scores , this review has shown that there is a potential for Web-based interventions to improve well-being outcomes in type 2 diabetes .
BACKGROUND Poor diabetes self-care can have a negative impact on psychological well-being and quality of life .
Given the scarcity of traditional psychological support and the barriers to uptake of and attendance at face-to-face education programs , Web-based interventions are becoming a popular approach to provide an additional platform for psychological support in long-term conditions .
However , there is limited evidence to assess the effect of Web-based psychological support in people with type 2 diabetes .
OBJECTIVE This systematic review is the first review to critically appraise and quantify the evidence on the effect of Web-based interventions that aim to improve well-being in people with type 2 diabetes .
Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention With Mobile Phone Support in Treating Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE Depression is common in diabetes and linked to adverse health outcomes . This study evaluated the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention in reducing  depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 260 participants with diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms ( Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [ CES-D ≥23 ] ) were r and omly assigned to the GET.ON  Mood Enhancer Diabetes ( a guided self-help intervention , n = 130 ) or a brief online unguided psychoeducation program for depression ( n = 130 ) . The primary outcome was depressive symptoms severity ( CES-D ) . The secondary outcomes included diabetes-specific emotional distress ( Problem Areas in Diabetes [ PAID ] scale ) and participant satisfaction ( adaption CSQ-8 ) . Data were collected at baseline and 2 months after r and omization . To identify differences in outcome between the groups , we used analyses of covariance with the baseline CES-D score as covariate on both intent-to-treat ( ITT ) and per- protocol ( PP ) basis . RESULTS Compared with the control group , the intervention group showed significantly less depressive symptom severity at posttreatment based on ITT ( d = 0.89 ) and PP analyses ( d = 1.00 ) . The intervention participants displayed a significantly larger reduction in diabetes-specific emotional distress ( d = 0.58 , ITT ) . The intervention appeared to be acceptable to the participants ; 95 % ( n = 121 ) would recommend the training to a friend with diabetes in need of psychological help . CONCLUSIONS A guided , web-based intervention to reduce depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes  is effective in reducing both depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific emotional distress
Interventions with a duration of 2 - 6 months providing professional-led support with asynchronous and synchronous communication appeared to be associated with significant well-being outcomes .
While the meta-analyses demonstrated nonsignificant results for depression and distress scores , this review has shown that there is a potential for Web-based interventions to improve well-being outcomes in type 2 diabetes .
BACKGROUND Poor diabetes self-care can have a negative impact on psychological well-being and quality of life .
Given the scarcity of traditional psychological support and the barriers to uptake of and attendance at face-to-face education programs , Web-based interventions are becoming a popular approach to provide an additional platform for psychological support in long-term conditions .
However , there is limited evidence to assess the effect of Web-based psychological support in people with type 2 diabetes .
OBJECTIVE This systematic review is the first review to critically appraise and quantify the evidence on the effect of Web-based interventions that aim to improve well-being in people with type 2 diabetes .