Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .
Comparison of four pain scales in children with acute abdominal pain in a pediatric emergency department.
STUDY OBJECTIVE In children , the agreement between the many scales used to document the intensity of pain is not well known . Thus , to determine the agreement , we evaluate the visual analog scale , the st and ardized color analog scale , the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale , and a verbal numeric scale in children with acute abdominal pain suggestive of appendicitis in a pediatric emergency department ( ED ) . METHODS Participants were children who were aged 8 to 18 years , presented to a pediatric ED with abdominal pain suggestive of appendicitis , and were recruited to participate in a r and omized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of morphine . Patients were initially asked to grade their pain on a plasticized color analog scale , a paper visual analog scale , a paper Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale , and then with a verbal numeric scale . Thirty minutes after morphine or placebo administration , the assessment was repeated . All scores were then converted to a value of 0 to 100 . Agreements between scores were evaluated with the Bl and -Altman method , and the 95 % lower and upper limits were reported . We defined a priori the maximum limit of agreement at + /-20 mm . RESULTS A total of 87 children were included in the study , 58 of them with confirmed appendicitis . The 95 % limits of agreement for each pair of scales were visual analog scale/color analog scale -18.6 , 14.4 ; visual analog scale/Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale -20.1 , 33.7 ; visual analog scale/verbal numeric scale -30.2 , 20.7 ; color analog scale/Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale -18.5 , 36.3 ; color analog scale/verbal numeric scale -26.9 , 22.1 ; and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale/verbal numeric scale -38.7 , 15.7 . CONCLUSION Our study suggests that only the visual analog scale and the color analog scale have acceptable agreement in children with moderate to severe acute abdominal pain . In particular , the verbal numeric scale is not in agreement with the other evaluated scales
Based on available evidence , the NRS-11 , FPS-R , and CAS were strongly recommended for self-report of acute pain .
Only weak recommendations could be made for self-report measures for postoperative and chronic pain .
No measures were recommended for children younger than 6 years , identifying a need for further measurement refinement in this age range .
Abstract In 2006 , PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report pain intensity measures  in children and adolescents ( Stinson JN , Kavanagh T , Yamada J , Gill N , Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties , interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents .
Key developments in pediatric pain necessitate an up date of this work , most notably growing use of the 11-point numeric rating scale ( NRS-11 ) .
Our aim was to review the measurement properties of single-item self-report pain intensity measures in children 3 to 18 years old .
A secondary aim was to develop evidence -based recommendations for measurement of child and adolescent self-report of acute , postoperative , and chronic pain .