RESULTS The meta- analysis of observational studies showed a weaker slope of dose-response relations than the meta- analysis of RCTs .
The obtained dose-response estimate between vitamin B-12 intake and status provides complementary evidence to underpin recommendations for a vitamin B-12 intake of population
BACKGROUND Many r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) and observational studies have provided information on the association between vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers .
The use of these data to estimate dose-response relations provides a useful means to summarize the body of evidence .
OBJECTIVE We systematic ally review ed studies that investigated vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers of vitamin B-12  status and estimated dose-response relations with the use of a meta- analysis .
The effect of a nutrient dense drink on mental and physical function in institutionalized elderly people
Objectives To determine whether in the current study the supply of a nutrient dense drink has a positive effect on mental and physical function of institutionalized elderly people . Design A 24-week , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , intervention trial . Setting Homes for the elderly and nursing homes in the Netherl and s. Participants Institutionalized elderly people older than 60 years , with a BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 , and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of at least 10 points . InterventionIn addition to their usual diet the participants ( n=176 ) received either a nutrient dense drink or a placebo drink twice a day during 24 weeks . Measurements The functionality measures included cognitive function , mood , physical performance and the ability to perform activities of daily living . Results In the supplement group a favorable effect of the intervention drink on body weight ( 1.6 kg difference in change ; P = .035 ) , calf circumference ( 0.9 cm difference in change ; P = .048 ) , and blood values ( e.g. Hcy decreased from 16.8 to 11.2 µmol/L in the supplement group ) was found . In the total group no significant effect was found on functionality outcomes . However , a subgroup of participants with BMI at baseline below 24.4 kg/m2 performed better on the cognitive subscale of Alzheimer ’s Disease Assessment Scale ( P = .09 ) , and its language sub score ( P = .01 ) after 24 weeks of intervention . Conclusion The results in the total group of this trial suggest that the nutritional supplement used in this study improves nutritional status . Furthermore , the results of this trial suggest that it is effective as treatment for decreasing function in a subgroup of institutionalized elderly people with low BMI
RESULTS The meta- analysis of observational studies showed a weaker slope of dose-response relations than the meta- analysis of RCTs .
The obtained dose-response estimate between vitamin B-12 intake and status provides complementary evidence to underpin recommendations for a vitamin B-12 intake of population
BACKGROUND Many r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) and observational studies have provided information on the association between vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers .
The use of these data to estimate dose-response relations provides a useful means to summarize the body of evidence .
OBJECTIVE We systematic ally review ed studies that investigated vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers of vitamin B-12  status and estimated dose-response relations with the use of a meta- analysis .