D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study (ODES): design and objectives.
The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study ( ODES ) is an unmasked r and omized 2 x 2 factorial trial of 1-year duration for each participant . During 1990 - 1991 219 participants ( 198 males and 21 females ) aged 41 - 50 were r and omized into one of four treatment groups ; no treatment ( control ) , dietary changes alone , exercise alone , or a combination of the two treatments . At inclusion , the participants had no overt heart disease  , but they had increased body weight ; slightly increased blood pressure , serum triglycerides , and total cholesterol  , and they had decreased  HDL cholesterol . Further , they were all inactive at leisure time . The primary aim of the trial is to compare the isolated and combined effects of the four treatments on the variables fibrinogen , fibrinolytic capacity , coagulation factor VII , and platelet volume . A series of secondary hypotheses will also be tested , such as the effects on other coagulation and fibrinolytic components and activities ; lipids and lipoproteins ; fatty acids ; glucose and insulin response to a glucose load ; clinical , physiological , and anthropometric variables ; and quality of life . The dietary treatments are adapted according to each participant 's risk profile ( level of total cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , triglycerides , blood pressure , and body weight ) . Fish and fish products are recommended . Special emphasis is put on caloric restriction in those who are overweight and those with elevated blood pressure .  Exercise sessions take place three times a week under the guidance of highly qualified instructors . The aim is to increase peak oxygen uptake through aerobic endurance training . Adherence to the exercise program is monitored closely
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .