Results indicate that physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in subjects aged 65 years and older .
Conclusion Physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in healthy subjects aged 60 years and older .
The biggest effect of exercise intervention , of any type , has been seen on physical performance ( gait speed , chair rising test , balance , SPPB test , etc . )
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We observed huge variations in regard to the dietary supplementation protocol s. Based on the included studies , mainly performed on well-nourished subjects , the interactive effect of dietary supplementation on muscle function appears limited
Summary This systematic review summarizes the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention on muscle mass and muscle function .
However , any interactive effect of dietary supplementation appears to be limited .
Introduction In 2013 , Denison et al. conducted a systematic review including 17 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to explore the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention to improve muscle mass , muscle strength , or physical performance in older people .
They concluded that further studies were needed to provide evidence upon which public health and clinical recommendations could be based .
The purpose of the present work was to up date the prior systematic review and include studies published up to October 2015 .
Four-month course of soluble milk proteins interacts with exercise to improve muscle strength and delay fatigue in elderly participants.
BACKGROUND The benefit of protein supplementation on the adaptive response of muscle to exercise training in older people is controversial . OBJECTIVE To investigate the independent and combined effects of a multicomponent exercise program with and without a milk-based nutritional supplement on muscle strength and mass , lower-extremity fatigue , and metabolic markers . DESIGN A sample of 48 healthy sedentary men aged 60.8 ± 0.4 years were r and omly assigned to a 16-week multicomponent exercise training program with a milk-based supplement containing , besides proteins [ total milk proteins 4 or 10 g/day or soluble milk proteins rich in leucine ( PRO ) 10 g/day ] , carbohydrates and fat .  Body composition , muscle mass and strength , and time to task failure , an index of muscle fatigue , were measured . Blood lipid , fibrinogen , creatine phosphokinase , glucose , insulin , C-reactive protein , interleukin-6 , tumor necrosis factor-α soluble receptors , and endothelial markers were assessed . RESULTS Body fat mass was reduced after the 4-month training program in groups receiving 10 g/day of protein supplementation ( P < .01 ) . The training program sustained with the daily 10 g/day PRO was associated with a significant increase in dominant fat free mass ( + 5.4 % , P < .01 ) and in appendicular muscle mass ( + 4.5 % , P < .01 ) . Blood cholesterol was decreased in the trained group receiving 10 g/day PRO . The index of insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment -insulin resistance ) and blood creatine phosphokinase were reduced in the groups receiving 10 g/day PRO , irrespective of exercise . The inflammatory and endothelial markers were not different between the groups . Training caused a significant improvement ( + 10.6 % to 19.4 % , P < .01 ) in the maximal oxygen uptake . Increased maximum voluntary contraction force was seen in the trained groups receiving 10 g/day of proteins ( about 3 % , P < .05 ) . Time to task failure was improved in the trained participants receiving a 10 g/day supplementation with PRO ( P < .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Soluble milk proteins rich in leucine improved time to muscle failure and increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength after prolonged multicomponent exercise training in healthy older men
Results indicate that physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in subjects aged 65 years and older .
Conclusion Physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in healthy subjects aged 60 years and older .
The biggest effect of exercise intervention , of any type , has been seen on physical performance ( gait speed , chair rising test , balance , SPPB test , etc . )
.
We observed huge variations in regard to the dietary supplementation protocol s. Based on the included studies , mainly performed on well-nourished subjects , the interactive effect of dietary supplementation on muscle function appears limited
Summary This systematic review summarizes the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention on muscle mass and muscle function .
However , any interactive effect of dietary supplementation appears to be limited .
Introduction In 2013 , Denison et al. conducted a systematic review including 17 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to explore the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention to improve muscle mass , muscle strength , or physical performance in older people .
They concluded that further studies were needed to provide evidence upon which public health and clinical recommendations could be based .
The purpose of the present work was to up date the prior systematic review and include studies published up to October 2015 .