Interventions with a duration of 2 - 6 months providing professional-led support with asynchronous and synchronous communication appeared to be associated with significant well-being outcomes .
While the meta-analyses demonstrated nonsignificant results for depression and distress scores , this review has shown that there is a potential for Web-based interventions to improve well-being outcomes in type 2 diabetes .
BACKGROUND Poor diabetes self-care can have a negative impact on psychological well-being and quality of life .
Given the scarcity of traditional psychological support and the barriers to uptake of and attendance at face-to-face education programs , Web-based interventions are becoming a popular approach to provide an additional platform for psychological support in long-term conditions .
However , there is limited evidence to assess the effect of Web-based psychological support in people with type 2 diabetes .
OBJECTIVE This systematic review is the first review to critically appraise and quantify the evidence on the effect of Web-based interventions that aim to improve well-being in people with type 2 diabetes .
REDEEM: A Pragmatic Trial to Reduce Diabetes Distress
OBJECTIVE To compare three interventions to reduce diabetes distress ( DD ) and improve self-management among non– clinical ly depressed adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In REDEEM , 392 adults with T2DM and DD were r and omized to computer-assisted self-management ( CASM ) , CASM plus DD-specific problem solving ( CAPS ) , or a computer-administered minimal supportive intervention . Primary outcomes were Diabetes Distress Scale ( DDS ) total , the Emotional Burden ( EB ) and Regimen Distress ( RD ) DDS subscales , and diet , exercise , and medication adherence . RESULTS Significant and clinical ly meaningful reductions in DD ( DDS , EB , and RD ) and self-management behaviors occurred in all three conditions ( P < 0.001 ) , with no significant between-group differences . There was , however , a significant group × baseline distress interaction ( P < 0.02 ) , in which patients with high baseline RD in the CAPS condition displayed significantly larger RD reductions than those in the other two conditions . RD generated the most distress and displayed the greatest distress reduction as a result of intervention . The pace of DD reduction varied by patient age : older patients demonstrated significant reductions in DD early in the intervention , whereas younger adults displayed similar reductions later . Reductions in DD were accompanied by significant improvements in healthy eating , physical activity , and medication adherence , although not by change in HbA1c . CONCLUSIONS DD is malleable and highly responsive to intervention . Interventions that enhance self-management also reduce DD significantly , but DD-specific interventions may be necessary for patients with high initial levels of DD . Future research should identify the minimal , most cost-effective interventions to reduce DD and improve self-management
Interventions with a duration of 2 - 6 months providing professional-led support with asynchronous and synchronous communication appeared to be associated with significant well-being outcomes .
While the meta-analyses demonstrated nonsignificant results for depression and distress scores , this review has shown that there is a potential for Web-based interventions to improve well-being outcomes in type 2 diabetes .
BACKGROUND Poor diabetes self-care can have a negative impact on psychological well-being and quality of life .
Given the scarcity of traditional psychological support and the barriers to uptake of and attendance at face-to-face education programs , Web-based interventions are becoming a popular approach to provide an additional platform for psychological support in long-term conditions .
However , there is limited evidence to assess the effect of Web-based psychological support in people with type 2 diabetes .
OBJECTIVE This systematic review is the first review to critically appraise and quantify the evidence on the effect of Web-based interventions that aim to improve well-being in people with type 2 diabetes .