AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the risk of surgical site infection in orthotopic liver transplant.
Surgical site infections are common bacterial infections in orthotopic liver transplantation . The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence , timing , location , and risk factors , specifically antibiotic prophylaxis , for surgical site infections . A prospect i ve study was performed that included a population of 1222 consecutive patients ( 73.0 % males ) who underwent liver transplantation in Spanish hospitals belonging to the Red de Estudio de la Infección en el Trasplante research network . One hundred seven patients developed surgical site infections .  The predominant infection sites were incisional wound ( 53 episodes ) and peritonitis ( 40 episodes ) . The timing of the organ/space surgical site infections was slightly delayed in comparison with incisional surgical site infections . Enterococcus spp . , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Acinetobacter baumannii were the predominant pathogens .  Choledochojejunal or hepaticojejunal reconstruction  ( odds ratio , 4.2 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.6 - 10.7 ) , previous liver or kidney transplant ( odds ratio , 2.6 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.1 - 6.3 ) , and more than 4 red blood cell units transfused ( odds ratio , 2.0 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.1 - 3.4 ) were independently associated with the development of surgical site infections .  Biliary reconstruction by choledochojejunostomy or hepaticojejunostomy increases the risk of surgical site infections
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .