There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
A Family Approach to Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: Results from The San Diego Family Health Project
The effectiveness of a family-based cardiovascular disease risk reduction intervention was evaluated in two ethnic groups . Participants were 206 healthy , volunteer low-to-middle-income Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white ( Anglo-American ) families ( 623 individuals ) , each with a fifth or a sixth- grade child . Families were recruited through elementary schools . Half of the families were r and omized to a year-long educational intervention design ed to decrease the whole family 's intake of high salt , high fat foods , and to increase their regular physical activity . Eighty-nine percent of the enrolled families were measured at the 24-month follow-up . Both Mexican- and Anglo-American families in the experimental groups gained significantly more knowledge of the skills required to change dietary and exercise habits than did those in the control groups . Experimental families in both ethnic groups reported improved eating habits on a food frequency index . Anglo families reported lower total fat and sodium intake . There were no significant group differences in reported physical activity or in tested cardiovascular fitness levels . Significant differences for Anglo-American experimental vs. control adult subjects were found for LDL cholesterol . Significant intervention-control differences ranging from 2.2 to 3.4 mmHg systolic and /or diastolic blood pressure were found in all subgroups . Direct observation of diet and physical activity behaviors in a structured environment suggested generalization of behavior changes . There was evidence that behavior change persisted one year beyond the completion of the intervention program . It is concluded that involvement of families utilizing school based re sources is feasible and effective . Future studies should focus on the most cost-effective methods of family involvement , and the potential for additive effects when family strategies are combined with other school health education programs
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .