Interventions such as supervised or individualised exercise therapy and self-management techniques may enhance exercise adherence .
BACKGROUND Chronic musculoskeletal pain ( CMP ) is a major health problem , accounting for approximately one-quarter of general practice ( GP ) consultations in the United Kingdom ( UK ) .
Exercise and physical activity is beneficial for the most common types of CMP , such as back and knee pain .
However , poor adherence to exercise and physical activity may limit long-term effectiveness .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to improve adherence to exercise and physical activity for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain .
Results of a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a chronic pain self-management group for older adults [ISRCTN11899548]
& NA ; Chronic pain is a common , disabling problem in older adults .  Pain self‐management training is a multimodal therapy that has been found to be effective in young to middle‐aged adult sample s ; however , few studies have examined the effectiveness of this therapy in older adults . In this r and omized , controlled trial , we evaluated a pain self‐management training group ( SMG ) intervention as compared with an education‐only ( BOOK ) control condition .  Participants , 65 years of age or older who experienced persistent , noncancer pain that limited their activities , were recruited from 43 retirement communities in the Pacific Northwest of the United States . The primary outcome was physical disability , as measured by the Rol and ‐Morris Disability Question naire . Secondary outcomes were depression ( Geriatric Depression Scale ) , pain intensity ( Brief Pain Inventory ) , and pain‐related interference with activities ( Brief Pain Inventory ) . R and omization occurred by facility to minimize cross‐contamination between groups . Two‐hundred and fifty‐six individuals , mean age = 81.8 ( SD : 6.5 ) , enrolled and 218 completed the study . No significant differences in outcomes were found between groups at post‐intervention , 6‐month follow‐up , or 12‐month follow‐up . The SMG group showed a significantly greater increase over time , relative to the BOOK group , in two process measures , as measured by the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory : use of relaxation and use of exercise/stretching . In both cases , the increase was greatest from baseline to the post‐intervention assessment . Study findings indicate that additional research is needed to determine the most effective content and delivery methods for self‐management therapies targeted at older adults with chronic pain
Interventions such as supervised or individualised exercise therapy and self-management techniques may enhance exercise adherence .
BACKGROUND Chronic musculoskeletal pain ( CMP ) is a major health problem , accounting for approximately one-quarter of general practice ( GP ) consultations in the United Kingdom ( UK ) .
Exercise and physical activity is beneficial for the most common types of CMP , such as back and knee pain .
However , poor adherence to exercise and physical activity may limit long-term effectiveness .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to improve adherence to exercise and physical activity for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain .