Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .
Three consecutive weeks of nutritional ketosis has no effect on cognitive function, sleep, and mood compared with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in healthy individuals: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial.
BACKGROUND The high-fat ketogenic diet ( KD ) has become an increasingly popular diet not only in overweight/obese population s , or those with clinical conditions , but also in healthy non-overweight population s. OBJECTIVE Because there are concerns about the association between high-fat diets and cognitive decline , this study aim ed to determine the effects of a KD compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate , low-fat ( HCLF ) diet on cognitive function , sleep , and mood in healthy , normal-weight individuals . METHODS Eleven healthy , normal-weight participants ( mean age : 30 ± 9 y ) completed this r and omized , controlled , crossover study . Participants followed 2 isocaloric diets-an HCLF diet ( 55 % carbohydrate , 20 % fat , and 25 % protein ) and a KD ( 15 % carbohydrate , 60 % fat , and 25 % protein)-in a r and omized order for a minimum of 3 wk , with a 1-wk washout period between diets . Measures of β-hydroxybutyrate confirmed that all participants were in a state of nutritional ketosis during post-KD assessment s ( baseline : 0.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L ; KD : 1.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L ; washout : 0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L ; and HCLF : 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L ) . Cognitive function was assessed using a vali date d , psychological computer-based test battery before and after each diet . Subjective measures of mood and sleep were also monitored throughout the study using vali date d scales . RESULTS Three weeks of sustained nutritional ketosis , compared with the HCLF diet , had no effect on speed and accuracy responses in tasks design ed to measure vigilance ( speed : P = 0.39 , Cohen 's d = 0.26 ; accuracy : P = 0.99 , Cohen 's d = 0.04 ) , visual learning and memory ( speed : P = 0.99 , Cohen 's d = 0.04 ; accuracy : P = 0.99 , Cohen 's d = 0.03 ) , working memory ( speed : P = 0.62 , Cohen 's d = 0.26 ; accuracy : P = 0.98 , Cohen 's d = 0.07 ) , and executive function ( speed : P = 0.60 , Cohen 's d = 0.31 ; accuracy : P = 0.90 , Cohen 's d = 0.19 ) . Likewise , mood , sleep quality , and morning vigilance did not differ ( P > 0.05 ) between the dietary interventions . CONCLUSION The results of our r and omized , crossover , controlled study suggest that 3 wk of sustained nutritional ketosis had no effect on cognitive performance , mood , or subjective sleep quality in a sample of healthy individuals . This trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry as PACTR201707002406306
Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .