We found that female sex , direct inguinal hernias at the primary procedure , operation for a recurrent inguinal hernia , and smoking were significant risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery .
Background .
Several factors influence the risk of recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery ; however , a systematic review and meta- analysis of patient-related risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery has not been performed earlier .
Transdermal nicotine patch enhances type I collagen synthesis in abstinent smokers.
Cigarette smokers deposit less collagen , expressed as hydroxyproline , in granulation tissue than nonsmokers . We studied the effect of abstinence from smoking and transdermal nicotine patches on deposition of hydroxyproline , proline , type I procollagen , and total proteins . Fifty-four healthy smokers were studied during 10 days of smoking and again from days 10 to 20 following smoking cessation . After the first 10 days of abstinence they were r and omized to double-blind treatment with transdermal nicotine patches of 25 mg/day or placebo for a period of 10 days . During this period and during smoking , an exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene tube was implanted into the subcutis . Following removal of the implant , total amino acids and peptides were extracted . Hydroxyproline and proline were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography , type I procollagen was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay , and total proteins were determined colorimetrically . In the 39 subjects who complied with the study protocol , abstinence from smoking did not affect the deposition of hydroxyproline , proline , type I procollagen , or total protein in the implants . During abstinence , the type I procollagen level increased by 18 % in the transdermal nicotine patches group and decreased by 10 % in the placebo group ( p<0.05 ) . We conclude that 20 days of abstinence from smoking does not affect collagen deposition in granulation tissue . However , in abstinent smokers , transdermal nicotine patches appears to increase type I collagen synthesis
We found that female sex , direct inguinal hernias at the primary procedure , operation for a recurrent inguinal hernia , and smoking were significant risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery .
Background .
Several factors influence the risk of recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery ; however , a systematic review and meta- analysis of patient-related risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery has not been performed earlier .