There was no important clinical meaningful benefit .
Adverse effectsWe found very low- quality evidence of the effect of exercise versus either no intervention , or usual care .
We found moderate- to low- quality evidence that exercise programmes probably slightly improve function , may reduce pain , and probably slightly reduce global patient assessment of disease activity , when compared with no intervention , and measured upon completion of the programme .
We found moderate- to low- quality evidence that exercise programmes probably have little or no effect on improving function or reducing pain , when compared with usual care , and may have little or no effect on reducing patient assessment of disease activity , when measured upon completion of the programmes .
We are uncertain whether exercise programmes improve spinal mobility , reduce fatigue , or induce adverse effects
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are often recommended for managing ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) , to reduce pain and improve or maintain functional capacity .
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of exercise programmes for people with AS .
Dose-Response of Aerobic Exercise on Cognition: A Community-Based, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Epidemiological studies suggest a dose-response relationship exists between physical activity and cognitive outcomes . However , no direct data from r and omized trials exists to support these indirect observations . The purpose of this study was to explore the possible relationship of aerobic exercise dose on cognition .  Underactive or sedentary participants without cognitive impairment were r and omized to one of four groups : no-change control , 75 , 150 , and 225 minutes per week of moderate-intensity semi-supervised aerobic exercise for 26-weeks in a community setting . Cognitive outcomes were latent residual scores derived from a battery of 16 cognitive tests : Verbal Memory , Visuospatial Processing , Simple Attention , Set Maintenance and Shifting , and Reasoning . Other outcome measures were cardiorespiratory fitness ( peak oxygen consumption ) and measures of function functional health . In intent-to-treat ( ITT ) analyses ( n = 101 ) , cardiorespiratory fitness increased and perceived disability decreased in a dose-dependent manner across the 4 groups . No other exercise-related effects were observed in ITT analyses . Analyses restricted to individuals who exercised per- protocol ( n = 77 ) demonstrated that Simple Attention improved equivalently across all exercise groups compared to controls and a dose-response relationship was present for Visuospatial Processing . A clear dose-response relationship exists between exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness . Cognitive benefits were apparent at low doses with possible increased benefits in visuospatial function at higher doses but only in those who adhered to the exercise protocol . An individual ’s cardiorespiratory fitness response was a better predictor of cognitive gains than exercise dose ( i.e. , duration ) and thus maximizing an individual ’s cardiorespiratory fitness may be an important therapeutic target for achieving cognitive benefits . Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov
There was no important clinical meaningful benefit .
Adverse effectsWe found very low- quality evidence of the effect of exercise versus either no intervention , or usual care .
We found moderate- to low- quality evidence that exercise programmes probably slightly improve function , may reduce pain , and probably slightly reduce global patient assessment of disease activity , when compared with no intervention , and measured upon completion of the programme .
We found moderate- to low- quality evidence that exercise programmes probably have little or no effect on improving function or reducing pain , when compared with usual care , and may have little or no effect on reducing patient assessment of disease activity , when measured upon completion of the programmes .
We are uncertain whether exercise programmes improve spinal mobility , reduce fatigue , or induce adverse effects
BACKGROUND Exercise programmes are often recommended for managing ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) , to reduce pain and improve or maintain functional capacity .
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of exercise programmes for people with AS .