Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .
Is Information on Genetic Determinants of Obesity Helpful or Harmful for Obese People?—A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background and Objectives Although more and more genetic information is available , it is unclear whether this information is helpful for patients . Therefore , we assessed the positive and negative effects of informing obese people about the genetic etiology of being overweight . Design , Participants Two hundred ninety-four obese people were r and omized to 2 interventions ( a 1-session consultation for obese people on how to manage obesity either including genetic information or not ) ; their results were compared to a control group ( 116 ) . Subjects were assessed before and after consultation and 6 months later . Measurements Weight , scales on feeling guilty for being overweight , self-control , negative mood ( primary endpoint ) , body acceptance , restraint eating . Results Both types of consultations were considered helpful by the participants , and had comparable effects on body weight . The consultation with genetic information was rated superior in terms of leading to new insights ( advantage for consultation with genetic information , even 6 months later ; p = 0.046 ) . No negative effects ( e.g. , loss of self-efficacy/self-control , increase of body weight ; all p > 0.20 for interaction consultation × time ) were observed for informing obese people about the genetic etiology of being overweight . The consultation result ed in long-term improvement of negative mood if it included genetic information in the case of participants with a family history of obesity and if it included no genetic information in the case of obese people without a family history of obesity ( p = 0.03 for interaction of group , intervention , and time ) . Conclusions Consultations in obesity can be helpful in general . These consultations should include genetic information if people have a family history of obesity
Several studies of good quality demonstrated changes in lifestyle habits arising from the provision of genetic interventions .
The most promising lifestyle changes were changes in nutrition .
Conclusions : It is possible to facilitate behaviour change using genetic testing as the catalyst .
Background : Study ing the impact of  genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change  has been a priority area of research in recent years .
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature , which has yet to be explained using vali date d behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions .
The theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change .
It has been hypothesized that personalization could be added to this theory to help predict changes in health behaviours .
Purpose : This systematic review provides a detailed , comprehensive identification , assessment , and summary of primary research articles pertaining to  lifestyle behaviour change  ( nutrition , physical activity , sleep , and smoking ) result ing from  genetic testing interventions .
The present review further aims to provide in-depth analyses of studies conducted to date within the context of the TPB and the quality of genetic interventions provided to participants while aim ing to determine whether or not genetic testing facilitates changes in lifestyle habits .
This review is timely in light of a recently published “ call-to-action ” paper , highlighting the need to incorporate the TPB into personalized healthcare behaviour change research .