Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .
Heart rate variability as a predictor of negative mood symptoms induced by exercise withdrawal.
INTRODUCTION / PURPOSE Negative mood symptoms occur frequently in sedentary population s , but individual vulnerability factors for developing these complaints have not been systematic ally evaluated . This investigation examined whether the autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) serves a role in the development of negative mood after controlled exercise withdrawal . METHODS Forty participants ( mean age of 31.3 + /- 7.5 yr , 55 % women ) who exercised regularly ( > or= 30 min of continuous aerobic exercise at least three times a week during the past 6 months ) were r and omized either to withdrawal from regular aerobic exercise ( N=20 ) or to continue regular aerobic exercise ( N=20 ) for 2 wk . Measurements were taken before exercise withdrawal and at 2-wk follow-up . Various dimensions of negative mood were measured with the multidimensional fatigue inventory , profile of mood states , and Beck depression inventory-II . ANS activity was assessed by heart rate variability ( HRV ) analyses , examining low-frequency ( 0.04 - 0.15 Hz : lf ) and high-frequency ( hf ) domains ( 0.15 - 0.40 Hz ) . The lf/hf ratio was used as index of sympathovagal balance . Protocol adherence was documented by ambulatory activity monitoring . RESULTS Exercise withdrawal result ed in significantly higher negative mood scores at follow-up compared with control ( P<0.05 ) . Baseline lf/hf ratios correlated with the increases in symptoms ( r>0.4 ; P<0.05 ) in the  exercise-withdrawal  group independently of gender , age , weight , baseline fitness level , and baseline symptom status . The  exercise-withdrawal and control groups displayed no significant change in hf HRV , lf HRV , or lf/hf HRV during the 2 wk . CONCLUSION Reduced parasympathetic ANS activity as measured by HRV is predictive of the development of negative mood after deprivation of usual exercise activities . No significant changes in HRV were observed during the 2-wk exercise deprivation period . These findings are relevant to the underst and ing of mood changes in response to short-term exercise withdrawal , such as sports injuries and recovery from medical procedures
Collectively , findings suggest that yogic practice s may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management , including glycemic control , lipid levels , and body composition .
More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure ; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function , mood , sleep , and quality of life ; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2 .
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practice s may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) .
In this systematic review , we evaluate available evidence from prospect i ve controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management .