The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .
Serum Retinol and Carotenoids in Association with Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance among Premenopausal Women
Objective . The aim of this study was to investigate how serum retinol and carotenoids ( β-carotene , β-cryptoxanthin , lutein/zeaxanthin , lycopene ) are associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance . Research Methods and Procedures . The BioCycle Study ( 2005–2007 ) is a prospect i ve cohort of 259 healthy premenopausal women . Fasting serum sample s were collected at up to sixteen clinic visits , from which  retinol , carotenoids , insulin , glucose , and sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) were measured . Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA-IR ) . Linear mixed models were used to determine associations adjusting for age , race , body mass index ( BMI ) , education , smoking , physical activity , triglycerides , and energy intake . Results . Retinol was positively associated with HOMA-IR ( β = 0.19 ( 95 % CI : 0.07 , 0.32 ) ) units per ug/mL increase in retinol ; the relationship was driven by insulin ( β = 0.20 ( 95 % CI : 0.08 , 0.31 ) ) . Retinol was inversely associated with SHBG ( β = −0.22 ( 95 % CI : −0.28 , −0.16 ) ) . Although no significant associations were found between serum carotenoids and HOMA-IR , β-carotene was positively associated with SHBG and β-cryptoxanthin inversely with fasting plasma glucose . Conclusion . Results indicate a possible role for serum retinol in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes . However , they do not support a strong association between individual or total serum carotenoids and insulin resistance
The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .