Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .
Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid.
Consecutive survivors of a myocardial infa rct ion from the Southern Hospital , below 70 years of age , were r and omized into a  Control group ( n = 276 ) and a Treatment group ( n = 279 ) . The latter was openly prescribed the combination of clofibrate and nicotinic acid for serum lipid lowering . Each patient should remain in the study for 5 years and be seen regularly every 4 months at a special IHD outpatient clinic within the hospital . The concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride was lowered by 13 % and 19 % , respectively , in the Treatment group compared to the Control group . Total mortality was 82 cases in the Control group and 61 in the Treatment group , a 26 % reduction ( p less than 0.05 ) . For patients above 60 years of age in the Treatment group the reduction in mortality was 28 % ( p less than 0.05 ) . IHD mortality was reduced by 36 % ( p less than 0.01 ) in the Treatment group compared to the Control group . The beneficial effect of the serum lipid lowering treatment was related to the serum triglyceride concentration in two ways . First , it only occurred in patients with a triglyceride level greater than 1.5 mmol/l ( n = 216 ) . Secondly , it was most pronounced in the 44 % of the treated patients who had a lowering of the serum triglyceride by 30 % or more , and in this subgroup the reduction of IHD mortality was 60 % ( p less than 0.01 ) . For serum cholesterol there were no such relations . The difference between serum triglycerides and cholesterol concerning these relations to the treatment outcome may be due to the fact that hypertriglyceridaemia was the most common hyperlipidaemia among our patients , occurring in 50 % , while hypercholesterolaemia only occurred in 13 % . Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the results as the trial was not blind . However , the fact that the decrease in IHD deaths was directly related to the degree of serum triglyceride lowering indicates that it was the drug effect on serum lipids that was responsible for the beneficial effect of the treatment
Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .