RESULT ( S ) For infants , studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits , but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development .
Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive , behavioral , socio-emotional , and psychomotor development .
For children in middle childhood , development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls , although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age .
( S ) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after  fertility treatment  is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction  compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception .
Fertility therapies, infertility and autism spectrum disorders in the Nurses' Health Study II.
BACKGROUND An increasing number of women are utilizing fertility treatments , but little is known about their relation to autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) . METHODS To determine the association between  maternal fertility therapy use and risk of having a child with ASD  , we conducted a nested case-control study within the Nurses ' Health Study II ( n = 116,430 ) . Maternally reported diagnoses of ASD were confirmed through a supplementary question naire and , in a subgroup , the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised . Controls were r and omly selected by frequency matching to case children 's year of birth . Associations were examined by self-reported infertility and type of therapy using conditional logistic regression . RESULTS In all , 9 % of the 507 cases and 7 % of 2,529 controls indicated  fertility therapy  use for the index pregnancy . No significant associations with self-reported fertility therapies or history of infertility were seen in primary analyses . In subgroup analyses of women with maternal age ≥ 35 years ( n = 1,020 )  , artificial insemination  was significantly associated with ASD ; ovulation inducing drug ( OID ) use was significantly associated in crude but not adjusted analyses ( odds ratio 1.81 , 95 % CI 0.96 - 3.42 ) . Results were similar by diagnostic subgroup , though within the advanced maternal age group , OID and artificial insemination  were significantly associated with Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not-otherwise specified , but not autistic disorder . CONCLUSION [ corrected ] Assisted reproductive therapy and history of infertility did not increase risk of having a child with ASD in this study . However , the associations observed  with OID and artificial insemination  among older mothers , for whom these exposures are more common , warrant further investigation
RESULT ( S ) For infants , studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits , but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development .
Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive , behavioral , socio-emotional , and psychomotor development .
For children in middle childhood , development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls , although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age .
( S ) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after  fertility treatment  is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction  compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception .