There is low to high ( majority moderate ) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose , triglycerides , and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points .
There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes ( body weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , quality of life ) in response to either of the diets ( very-low- to high-certainty evidence ) .
Conclusions Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40 % yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30 % in people with T2D .
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D .
Adverse effects on insulin secretion of replacing saturated fat with refined carbohydrate but not with monounsaturated fat: A randomized controlled trial in centrally obese subjects.
BACKGROUND Current dietary guidelines recommend the replacement of saturated fatty acids ( SAFAs ) with carbohydrates or monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) based on evidence on lipid profile alone , the chronic effects of the mentioned replacements on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity are however unclear . OBJECTIVE To assess the chronic effects of the substitution of refined carbohydrate or MUFA for SAFA on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in central ly obese subjects . METHODS Using a crossover design , r and omized controlled trial in abdominally overweight men and women , we compared the effects of substitution of 7 % energy as carbohydrate or MUFA for SAFA for a period of 6 weeks each . Fasting and postpr and ial blood sample s in response to corresponding SAFA , carbohydrate , or MUFA-enriched meal-challenges were collected after 6 weeks on each diet treatment for the assessment of outcomes . RESULTS As expected , postpr and ial nonesterified fatty acid suppression and elevation of C-peptide , insulin and glucose secretion were the greatest with high-carbohydrate ( CARB ) meal . Interestingly , CARB meal attenuated postpr and ial insulin secretion corrected for glucose response ; however , the insulin sensitivity and disposition index were not affected . SAFA and MUFA had similar effects on all markers except for fasting glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide concentrations , which increased after MUFA but not SAFA when compared with CARB . CONCLUSION In conclusion , a 6-week lower-fat/higher-carbohydrate ( increased by 7 % refined carbohydrate ) diet may have greater adverse effect on insulin secretion corrected for glucose compared with isocaloric higher-fat diets . In contrast , exchanging MUFA for SAFA at 7 % energy had no appreciable adverse impact on insulin secretion
There is low to high ( majority moderate ) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose , triglycerides , and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points .
There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes ( body weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , quality of life ) in response to either of the diets ( very-low- to high-certainty evidence ) .
Conclusions Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40 % yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30 % in people with T2D .
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D .