There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .
The effect of sucrose content in high and low carbohydrate diets on plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid responses in hypertriglyceridemic humans.
To further underst and the effect of high carbohydrate (CHO)-low fat diets and the role of variations in dietary sucrose on CHO and lipid metabolism , 10 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were fed 2 isocaloric , typical American diets , containing 40 % and 60 % CHO , for 15 days in r and om sequence . Each patient was their own control , and they were divided into 2 groups of 5 patients each . In one group , sucrose was held constant at 13 % of total calories ( 40 - 13 % and 60 - 13 % ) , whereas the sucrose content was 9 % of the total calories on a 40 % CHO diet ( 40 - 9 % ) , and 15 % of total calories on a 60 % CHO diet ( 60 - 15 % ) in the other group . Fasting and postpr and ial blood sample s were analyzed for plasma glucose , insulin , cholesterol ( Chol ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) , as well as for Chol and TG in chylomicrons , very low density , low density , and high density lipoproteins ( HDL ) . Fasting plasma TG levels were significantly increased in both groups on the 60 % CHO diet , primarily due to increases in very low density-TG concentration . The magnitude of the elevation was attenuated when sucrose content was kept constant . Postpr and ial TG responses were qualitatively similar . There were no significant changes in plasma Chol concentrations , except for a modest fall in plasma HDL-Chol level after the 60 - 13 % diet period ( P less than 0.05 ) . No significant differences were found in fasting plasma glucose or insulin concentration . However , postpr and ial glucose and insulin responses were increased on both high CHO diets . The results of these studies demonstrate that high CHO-low fat diets , in general , tend to elevate plasma glucose , insulin , and TG concentrations and reduce HDL-Chol concentration in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia . In addition , these data illustrate the important role that small variations in dietary sucrose can play in modulation of CHO and lipid metabolism
There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .