The strongest levels of evidence for reliability exists in support of the Debrunner kyphometer , Spinal Mouse and Flexicurve index , and for validity supports the arcometer and Flexicurve index .
BACKGROUND A wide array of instruments are available for non-invasive thoracic kyphosis measurement .
Guidelines for selecting outcome measures for use in clinical and research practice recommend that properties such as validity and reliability are considered .
This systematic review reports on the reliability and validity of non-invasive methods for measuring  thoracic kyphosis .
Measurement of Spinal Sagittal Configuration and Mobility with Debrunner's Kyphometer
A considerable number of instruments have been described for noninvasive measurements of the sagittal configuration and mobility of the thoracolumbar spine . With Debrunner 's kyphometer , it is possible to obtain this information in approximately 1 minute in a clinical setting . A minor modification of the kyphometer to increase its range of measurement of lumbar extension is described . Repeatability of measurements with the instrument was studied on 31 healthy individuals in a r and omized cross-over model . In another study , ten individuals were examined ten times each by the same investigator within 3 weeks . These studies showed good reproducibility for measurements with the  kyphometer .  The importance of st and ardized instructions for measurement procedures is emphasized . The statistical approach to repeatability of measurements is discussed
The strongest levels of evidence for reliability exists in support of the Debrunner kyphometer , Spinal Mouse and Flexicurve index , and for validity supports the arcometer and Flexicurve index .
BACKGROUND A wide array of instruments are available for non-invasive thoracic kyphosis measurement .
Guidelines for selecting outcome measures for use in clinical and research practice recommend that properties such as validity and reliability are considered .
This systematic review reports on the reliability and validity of non-invasive methods for measuring  thoracic kyphosis .