There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
The influence of exercise and BMI on injuries and illnesses in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized control trial
Background Medically treated injuries have been shown to increase with increasing body mass index ( BMI ) . Information is lacking on the frequency and type of injuries and illnesses among overweight and obese adults who engage in regular physical activities as part of weight loss or weight gain prevention programs . Methods Sedentary adults with BMI s between 25 and 40 kg/m2 ( n = 397 ) enrolled in one of two r and omized clinical trials that emphasized exercise as part of a weight loss or weight gain prevention program . Interventions differed by duration of the exercise goal ( 150 , 200 , or 300 minutes/week or control group ) . Walking was prescribed as the primary mode of exercise . At six month intervals , participants were asked , " During the past six months , did you have any injury or illness that affected your ability to exercise ? " Longitudinal models were used to assess the effects of exercise and BMI on the pattern of injuries/illnesses attributed to exercise over time ; censored linear regression was used to identify predictors of time to first injury/illness attributed to exercise . Results During the 18-month study , 46 % reported at least one injury/illness , and 32 % reported at least one injury that was attributed to exercise .  Lower-body musculoskeletal injuries ( 21 % ) were the most commonly reported injury followed by cold/flu/respiratory infections ( 18 % ) and back pain/injury ( 10 % ) . Knee injuries comprised one-third of the lower-body musculoskeletal injuries . Only 7 % of the injuries were attributed to exercise alone , and 59 % of the injuries did not involve exercise . BMI ( p ≤ 0.01 ) but not exercise ( p ≥ 0.41 ) was significantly associated with time to first injury and injuries over time . Participants with higher BMI s were injured earlier or had increased odds of injury over time than participants with lower BMI s. Due to the linear dose-response relationship between BMI and injury/illness , any weight loss and reduction in BMI was associated with a decrease risk of injury/illness and delay in time to injury/illness . Conclusions Overweight and obese adults who were prescribed exercise as part of weight loss or weight gain prevention intervention were not at increased risk of injury compared to overweight adults r and omized not to participate in prescribed exercise . Since onset of injury/illness and pattern of injuries over time in overweight and obese individuals were attributed to BMI , weight reduction may be an avenue to reduce the risk of injury/illness in sedentary and previously sedentary overweight and obese adults . Trial Registration Clinical trials.gov NCT00177502 and
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .