Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Behavioral treatment of essential hypertension: a comparison between cognitive therapy and biofeedback of heart rate.
& NA ; The efficacy and the mechanisms of action of two behavioral treatments for essential hypertension were compared : cognitive group therapy for anger control and biofeedback for heart rate control . The cognitive therapy aim ed at lowering the “ general anger ” level and helping overt expression of “ anger out ; ” heart rate biofeedback aim ed at slowing heart rate in stress situations . Ninety‐seven essential hypertensive patients were r and omly assigned to three groups ; after 20 dropouts , 77 patients fully participated in the study : cognitive treatment ( N = 30 ) , biofeedback ( N = 27 ) , and control ( no treatment , N = 20 ) . The treatments were held in 17 weekly sessions ; during treatment , blood pressure was measured once a month , and during follow‐up after 1 and 6 months . The anger level and heart rate control were assessed at the beginning and the end of treatment . The main results were : 1 ) a significant decrease of blood pressure for both treatments as compared with control , 2 ) a significant decrease of blood pressure with heart rate biofeedback as compared with cognitive therapy , and 3 ) a better control in anger achieved with cognitive therapy and a lesser control in heart rate as compared with biofeedback
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .