This meta- analysis shows that oral tibolone treatment significantly lowers circulating Lp(a ) levels in postmenopausal women .
INTRODUCTION Circulating lipoprotein ( a ) ( Lp(a ) ) is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
Tibolone , a synthetic steroid , may lower Lp(a ) levels ; however , evidence of the effects of tibolone on Lp(a ) still remain to be defined .
Therefore , we investigated the effects of tibolone treatment on circulating Lp(a ) levels in postmenopausal women .
Inverse association between serum lipoprotein(a) and cerebral hemorrhage in the Japanese population.
INTRODUCTION Although lipoprotein(a ) ( Lp(a ) ) is involved in cardiometabolic disease processes , the association between serum Lp(a ) and stroke and /or its subtypes has not yet been eluci date d among Japanese people . This study investigated the association between Lp(a ) and the incidence of stroke and /or its subtypes in the general Japanese population . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This population -based prospect i ve cohort study included 10,494 community-dwelling participants ( 4,030 males/6,464 females ) . The incidence of stroke and its subtypes was the primary outcome . The subjects were divided into tertiles based on their Lp(a ) levels , and the risk of all stroke and stroke subtypes was examined using Cox 's proportional hazard model . RESULTS A total of 393 subjects ( 199 males and 194 females ) with stroke were identified during a follow-up duration of 10.7years . The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for all stroke events were 0.55 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.38 - 0.81 ) and 0.69 ( 0.49 - 0.99 ) in the 2nd ( 9 - 19mg/dl ) and 3rd tertiles ( ≥20mg/dl ) of Lp(a ) in reference to the 1st tertile ( < 9mg/dl ) in males , and 0.85 ( 0.59 - 1.24 ) and 0.76 ( 0.52 - 1.11 ) in 2nd ( 10 - 22mg/dl ) and 3rd tertiles ( ≥23mg/dl ) of Lp(a ) in reference to the 1st tertile ( < 10mg/dl ) in females . The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for cerebral hemorrhage were 0.26 ( 0.10 - 0.67 ) and 0.34 ( 0.15 - 0.76 ) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of Lp(a ) in reference to the 1st tertile in males , and were 0.48 ( 0.23 - 1.04 ) and 0.44 ( 0.21 - 0.96 ) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of Lp(a ) in females . CONCLUSIONS Lp(a ) was associated with the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in the general Japanese population , particularly among males , while a similar trend was seen among females . A low Lp(a ) level may be a marker of the risk of cerebral hemorrhage in this population
This meta- analysis shows that oral tibolone treatment significantly lowers circulating Lp(a ) levels in postmenopausal women .
INTRODUCTION Circulating lipoprotein ( a ) ( Lp(a ) ) is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
Tibolone , a synthetic steroid , may lower Lp(a ) levels ; however , evidence of the effects of tibolone on Lp(a ) still remain to be defined .
Therefore , we investigated the effects of tibolone treatment on circulating Lp(a ) levels in postmenopausal women .