METHODS The results of recent systematic review s are discussed and supplemented with relevant literature not included in these review s. PubMed was search ed for the years 2006 - 2011 for additional topics not sufficiently covered by the review s. RESULTS PA was associated with lower blood pressure and a healthier lipid blood profile in children .
The association was stronger when a composite risk factor score was analysed , and the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were even stronger .
Muscle strength and endurance exercise each had an effect on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity even if the effect was smaller for muscle strength than for aerobic exercise .
New evidence suggests possible effects of PA  on C-reactive protein .
CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence that PA can have beneficial effects on the risk factors of CVD in children .
BACKGROUND A number of recent systematic review s have result ed in changes in international recommendations for children 's participation in physical activity ( PA ) for health .
The World Health Authority ( WHO ) has recently released new recommendations .
The WHO still recommends 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , but also emphasises that these minutes should be on top of everyday physical activities .
Everyday physical activities total around 30 min of MVPA in the quintile of the least active children , which means that the new recommendations constitute more activity in total compared with earlier recommendations .
OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence justifying new PA recommendation for cardiovascular health in children .
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevention in Black School Children: The "Know Your Body" Evaluation Project
A longitudinal study of the effectiveness of the " Know Your Body " ( KYB ) program in reducing coronary heart disease risk factors was begun among black students in the District of Columbia in 1983 . Subjects were in grade s four through six at nine schools stratified on socioeconomic status and r and omized into one control and two intervention groups . At baseline , 1,041 students were measured for systolic and diastolic blood pressure , ponderosity , triceps skinfold thickness , postexercise pulse recovery rate , serum thiocyanate , serum total cholesterol , and serum HDL cholesterol . Significant net changes in individual values occurred in the favorable direction at one or all four annual follow-up reexaminations for systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , HDL cholesterol , HDL/total cholesterol ratio , serum thiocyanate , and fitness . Favorable changes in diastolic blood pressure and serum thiocyanate were observed at all reexaminations , and these were substantiated by analyses that used the school grade as the unit of analysis . Intervention students who were judged to have had the best  KYB  teachers showed significant favorable net changes in total serum cholesterol after one year . Results are consistent with other evaluations of the Know Your Body program suggesting that KYB may reduce chronic disease risk in diverse school population s , and that increased efforts should be made to improve implementation methods
METHODS The results of recent systematic review s are discussed and supplemented with relevant literature not included in these review s. PubMed was search ed for the years 2006 - 2011 for additional topics not sufficiently covered by the review s. RESULTS PA was associated with lower blood pressure and a healthier lipid blood profile in children .
The association was stronger when a composite risk factor score was analysed , and the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were even stronger .
Muscle strength and endurance exercise each had an effect on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity even if the effect was smaller for muscle strength than for aerobic exercise .
New evidence suggests possible effects of PA  on C-reactive protein .
CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence that PA can have beneficial effects on the risk factors of CVD in children .
BACKGROUND A number of recent systematic review s have result ed in changes in international recommendations for children 's participation in physical activity ( PA ) for health .
The World Health Authority ( WHO ) has recently released new recommendations .
The WHO still recommends 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , but also emphasises that these minutes should be on top of everyday physical activities .
Everyday physical activities total around 30 min of MVPA in the quintile of the least active children , which means that the new recommendations constitute more activity in total compared with earlier recommendations .
OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence justifying new PA recommendation for cardiovascular health in children .