Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased .
Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive .
Conclusions : Despite known effects of maturation on hormones , studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage .
BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship , but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive
Problem : To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity , one must underst and the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation .
The peptide hormones leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin are involved in both , but their functions are dysregulated in obesity .
The purpose of this systematic review is ( 1 ) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes , ( 2 ) to assess risk of bias in the studies , and ( 3 ) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index ( BMI ) .
High-Protein Breakfast Promotes Weight Loss by Suppressing Subsequent Food Intake and Regulating Appetite Hormones in Obese Chinese Adolescents
Objective : A high-protein diet may decrease food intake through regulating satiety and appetite hormones and can be an effective strategy for weight loss . Few studies exist on obese Chinese adolescents . Methods and Material s : 156 obese Chinese adolescents were enrolled and r and omly assigned to one of two isoenergetic breakfasts , either with egg or steamed bread . Subsequent lunchtime food intake was recorded 4 h later . Appetite was assessed with a visual analog scale . Anorexigenic hormones peptide YY ( PYY ) , glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) and orexigenic hormone ghrelin were determined with radioimmunoassay at 0 , 30 , and 180 min . Body weight was recorded . The tests were repeated 3 months later . Analysis was performed between two tests and then two groups . Pearson 's correlation was used for association analysis . Results : Subsequent lunchtime food intake and body weight were decreased while satiety was increased in subjects on an egg breakfast , which is associated with an increase of serum PYY and GLP-1 ( p < 0.001 , respectively ) . There were strong correlations between weight loss , appetite , subsequent food intake and changes of appetite hormones . Conclusion : A high-protein breakfast promotes weight loss in obese Chinese adolescents , possibly through its regulation of satiety , subsequent food intake and appetite hormones
Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased .
Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive .
Conclusions : Despite known effects of maturation on hormones , studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage .
BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship , but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive
Problem : To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity , one must underst and the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation .
The peptide hormones leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin are involved in both , but their functions are dysregulated in obesity .
The purpose of this systematic review is ( 1 ) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes , ( 2 ) to assess risk of bias in the studies , and ( 3 ) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index ( BMI ) .