A pattern of consistent evolution in fast-track protocol s was clearly demonstrated and these have shown variations in the core-identified components across the studies .
In the future incremental gains through focused improvements in key components will lend itself to even better postoperative outcomes and patient experience during oesophageal cancer treatment
Fast track is a st and ardised goal directed patient 's care pathway that aims to facilitate recovery following surgery .
Currently , there are large variations in the fast track protocol s used in oesophagectomy due to the complexity of the procedure .
The objective of this systematic review is to assess the evolution of fast track protocol s  following oesophagectomy  since its implementation and the result ing effect on postoperative outcomes .
Reduced use of intensive care after liver transplantation: influence of early extubation.
Postoperative ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit ( ICU ) is the st and ard of care in liver transplantation and comprises a significant proportion of transplantation costs . Because immediate postoperative extubation has been reported previously in a selected group of liver transplant recipients , we question ed whether this protocol could be extended to a larger group of patients . We also sought to determine the proportion of patients extubated immediately after surgery that could be transferred to the surgical ward without intervening ICU care . Of 147 patients studied in a prospect i ve trial of sequential liver transplant recipients ( who were not second-transplant recipients , United Network for Organ Sharing status 1 , living donor transplant recipients , or dead before the end of surgery ) , 13 patients did not meet postsurgical criteria for early extubation and 111 patients were successfully extubated . Eighty-three extubated patients were transferred to the surgical ward after a routine admission to the postoperative care unit . Only 3 patients who were transferred to the surgical ward experienced complications that required a greater intensity of nursing care . A learning curve detected during the 3-year study period showed that attempts to extubate increased from 73 % to 96 % and triage to the surgical ward increased from 52 % to 82 % without compromising patient safety . The use of this protocol in our institution result ed in a 1-day reduction in ICU use in 75.5 % of study subjects . We therefore conclude that the majority of liver transplant recipients can be extubated safely and admitted to the surgical ward after liver transplantation surgery , thus decreasing the cost associated with ICU care
A pattern of consistent evolution in fast-track protocol s was clearly demonstrated and these have shown variations in the core-identified components across the studies .
In the future incremental gains through focused improvements in key components will lend itself to even better postoperative outcomes and patient experience during oesophageal cancer treatment
Fast track is a st and ardised goal directed patient 's care pathway that aims to facilitate recovery following surgery .
Currently , there are large variations in the fast track protocol s used in oesophagectomy due to the complexity of the procedure .
The objective of this systematic review is to assess the evolution of fast track protocol s  following oesophagectomy  since its implementation and the result ing effect on postoperative outcomes .