We found low- quality evidence that different work-break frequencies may have no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain , discomfort and fatigue .
For productivity and work performance , evidence was of very low- quality that different work-break frequencies may have a positive effect .
For different types of break , there may be no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain , discomfort and fatigue according to low- quality evidence .
Furthermore , work-break interventions should be reconsidered , taking into account worker population s other than office workers , and taking into account the possibility of combining work-break intervention with other interventions such as ergonomic training or counselling , which may may possibly have an effect on musculoskeletal outcomes and work performance
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that comprise one of the most common disorders related to occupational sick leave worldwide .
Musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 21 % to 28 % of work absenteeism days in 2017/2018 in the Netherl and s , Germany and the UK .
There are several interventions that may be effective in tackling the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers , such as physical , cognitive and organisational interventions .
In this review , we will focus on work breaks as a measure of primary prevention , which are a type of organisational intervention .
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of different work-break schedules for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers , when compared to conventional or alternate work-break schedules .
Oxygenation, EMG and position sense during computer mouse work. Impact of active versus passive pauses
We investigated the effects of active versus passive pauses implemented during computer mouse work on muscle oxygenation and EMG of the forearm extensor carpi radialis muscle , and on wrist position sense . Fifteen healthy female subjects ( age : 19–24 years ) performed a 60-min  mouse-operated computer task , divided into three 20 min periods , on two occasions separated by 3–6 days . On one occasion a passive pause ( subjects resting ) was implemented at the end of each 20-min period , and on another occasion an active pause ( subjects performed a number of high intensity extensions of the forearm ) was implemented . Also at the end of each 20-min period , test contractions were conducted and subjective ratings of fatigue and stress were obtained . Another parameter of interest was total haemoglobin calculated as the summation of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin , since it reflects blood volume changes . The most interesting findings were an overall increasing trend in total haemoglobin throughout the mouse work ( P<0.001 ) , and that this trend was greater for the active pause as compared to the passive pause ( P<0.01 ) . These data were accompanied by an overall increase in oxygen saturation ( P<0.001 ) , with a tendency , albeit not significant , toward a higher increase for the active pause ( P=0.13 ) . EMG amplitude and median frequency tended to decrease ( P=0.08 and 0.05 , respectively ) during the mouse work but was not different between pause types . Borg ratings of forearm fatigue showed an overall increase during the activity ( P<0.001 ) , but the perceptions of stress did not change . Position sense did not change due to the mouse work for either pause type . While increasing trends were found for both pause types , the present study lends support to the hypothesis of an enhancement in oxygenation and blood volume for computer mouse work implemented with active pauses . However , a presumption of an association between this enhancement and attenuated fatigue during the mouse work was not supported
We found low- quality evidence that different work-break frequencies may have no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain , discomfort and fatigue .
For productivity and work performance , evidence was of very low- quality that different work-break frequencies may have a positive effect .
For different types of break , there may be no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain , discomfort and fatigue according to low- quality evidence .
Furthermore , work-break interventions should be reconsidered , taking into account worker population s other than office workers , and taking into account the possibility of combining work-break intervention with other interventions such as ergonomic training or counselling , which may may possibly have an effect on musculoskeletal outcomes and work performance
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that comprise one of the most common disorders related to occupational sick leave worldwide .
Musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 21 % to 28 % of work absenteeism days in 2017/2018 in the Netherl and s , Germany and the UK .
There are several interventions that may be effective in tackling the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers , such as physical , cognitive and organisational interventions .
In this review , we will focus on work breaks as a measure of primary prevention , which are a type of organisational intervention .
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of different work-break schedules for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers , when compared to conventional or alternate work-break schedules .