Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Effects of self-monitored jogging on physical fitness, blood pressure and serum lipids: a controlled study in sedentary middle-aged men.
To study the effects of long-term , home-based exercise on physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged nonsmoking males , a controlled study was conducted in 61 sedentary Swiss men . Thirty-nine men were r and omly allocated to jog 2 h/week for 4 months on an individually prescribed and heart-rate-controlled basis , whereas 22 men served as controls . Despite varying adherence to the exercise regimen , the 4-month net change ( effect in exercise group minus effect in control group ) in estimated endurance capacity was significant and positive . Net changes in arterial blood pressure , measured with a r and om-zero device , were nonsignificant , but after exclusion of low-normotensive men ( n = 19 ) from analysis , a significant net effect of exercise on diastolic blood pressure was seen ( -4.3 mmHg ; p = .048 ) . The following net changes in serum lipid levels occurred : HDL cholesterol + 0.12 mmol/l ( p = .028 ) , total triglycerides -0.21 mmol/l ( ns ) , HDL-C/total cholesterol ratio + 0.02 ( p = .047 ) . Exploratory analyses revealed that an increase in estimated endurance capacity was associated with a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( r = 0.49 and 0.43 , respectively ; p less than 0.01 both ) . Changes in the waist-hip ratio were directly related to the change in diastolic blood pressure ( r = 0.27 ; p less than 0.05 ) . Multivariable analysis indicated that much of the beneficial effect of exercise on diastolic blood pressure was apparently mediated through a decrease in body fat . This study confirms that individually prescribed jogging can reduce cardiovascular risk factors in self-selected nonsmoking males . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .