Overall , the effect of physical interventions on physical performance was inconsistent .
Patient tailored interventions , i.e. continuously adapted to the capabilities of the patient were not found to be superior over interventions that were not .
Conclusions Evidence for the effect of physical interventions on physical performance in older patients during hospitalization was found uncertain .
Background To counteract decline in physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization , multiple physical interventions were developed .
However , it is unknown whether these are effective in this particular population .
This systematic review aim ed to identify the effect of physical interventions on physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization .
Exergames versus self-regulated exercises with instruction leaflets to improve adherence during geriatric rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial
Background Improving mobility in elderly persons is a primary goal in geriatric rehabilitation . Self-regulated exercises with instruction leaflets are used to increase training volume but adherence is often low . Exergames may improve adherence . This study therefore compared exergames with self-regulated exercise using instruction leaflets . The primary outcome was adherence . Secondary outcomes were enjoyment , motivation and balance during walking . Methods Design : single center parallel group non-blinded r and omized controlled trial with central stratified r and omization . Setting : center for geriatric inpatient rehabilitation . Included were patients over 65 with mobility restrictions who were able to perform self-regulated exercise . Patients were assigned to self-regulated exercise using a ) exergames on Windows Kinect ® ( exergame group EG ) or b ) instruction leaflets ( conventional group CG ) . During two 30 min sessions physical therapists instructed self-regulated exercise to be conducted twice daily during thirty minutes during ten working days . Patients reported adherence ( primary outcome ) , enjoyment and motivation daily . Balance during walking was measured blind before and after the treatment phase with an accelerometer . Analysis was by intention to treat . Repeated measures mixed models and Cohen ’s d effect sizes ( ES , moderate if > 0.5 , large if > 0.8 ) with 95 % CIs were used to evaluate between-group effects over time . Alpha was set at 0.05 . Results From June 2014 to December 2015 217 patients were evaluated and 54 included , 26 in the EG and 28 in the CG . Adverse effects were observed in two patients in the EG who stopped because of pain during exercising . Adherence was comparable at day one ( 38 min . in the EG and 42 min . in the CG ) and significantly higher in the CG at day 10 ( 54 min . in the CG while decreasing to 28 min . in the EG , p = 0.007 , ES 0.94 , 0.39–0.151 ) . Benefits favoring the CG were also observed for enjoyment ( p = 0.001 , ES 0.88 , 0.32 – 1.44 ) and motivation ( p = 0.046 , ES 0.59 , 0.05–1.14 ) ) . There was no between-group effect in balance during walking . Conclusions Self-regulated exercise using instruction leaflets is superior to exergames  regarding adherence , enjoyment and motivation in a geriatric inpatient rehabilitation setting . Effects were moderate to large . There was no between group difference in balance during walking . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov , NCT02077049 , 6 February 2014
Overall , the effect of physical interventions on physical performance was inconsistent .
Patient tailored interventions , i.e. continuously adapted to the capabilities of the patient were not found to be superior over interventions that were not .
Conclusions Evidence for the effect of physical interventions on physical performance in older patients during hospitalization was found uncertain .
Background To counteract decline in physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization , multiple physical interventions were developed .
However , it is unknown whether these are effective in this particular population .
This systematic review aim ed to identify the effect of physical interventions on physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization .