Conclusions There is a dearth of evidence on the implementation of task-shifting strategies to reduce the burden of CVD in LMICs .
Objective To evaluate evidence from published r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) for the use of task-shifting strategies for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk  reduction in low-income and middle-income countries ( LMICs ) .
Evaluation of a nurse-led disease management programme for chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND Patients with end stage renal failure require dialysis and strict adherence to treatment plans to sustain life . However , non-adherence is a common and serious problem among patients with chronic kidney disease . There is a scarcity of studies in examining the effects of disease management programmes on patients with chronic kidney disease . OBJECTIVES This paper examines whether the study group receiving the disease management programme  have better improvement than the control group , comparing outcomes at baseline ( O1 ) , at 7 weeks at the completion of the programme ( O2 ) and at 13 weeks ( O3 ) . METHODS This is a r and omized controlled trial . The outcome measures were non-adherence in diet , fluid , dialysis and medication , quality of life , satisfaction , symptom control , complication control and health service utilisation . RESULTS There was no significant difference between the control and study group for the baseline measures , except for sleep . Significant differences ( p<0.05 ) were found between the control and study group at O2 in the outcome measures of diet degree non-adherence , sleep , symptom , staff encouragement , overall health and satisfaction . Sustained effects at O3 were noted in the outcome measures of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) non-adherence degree , sleep , symptom , and effect of kidney disease . CONCLUSIONS Many studies exploring chronic disease management have neglected the group with end stage renal failure and this study fills this gap . This study has employed an innovative model of skill mix using specialist and general nurses and demonstrated patient improvement in diet non-adherence , CAPD non-adherence , aspects of quality of life and satisfaction with care . Re design ing chronic disease management programmes helps to optimize the use of different levels of skills and re sources to bring about positive outcomes
Conclusions There is a dearth of evidence on the implementation of task-shifting strategies to reduce the burden of CVD in LMICs .
Objective To evaluate evidence from published r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) for the use of task-shifting strategies for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk  reduction in low-income and middle-income countries ( LMICs ) .