However , subgroup and meta-regression analysis suggested that in subjects with a more profound increase of dietary LA intake , LA might increase the blood CRP level .
Other acute phase reactants including fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adhesion molecules were not significantly changed when LA was increased in diet .
Our meta- analysis suggested that increasing dietary LA intake does not have a significant effect on the blood concentrations of inflammatory markers .
However , the extent of change in dietary LA intake might affect the effect of LA supplementation on CRP
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary linoleic acid ( LA ) intake on the blood concentrations of inflammatory markers including cytokines , acute phase reactants and adhesion molecules in adults .
Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men.
Both ( n-3 ) long-chain PUFA ( LCPUFA ) and linoleic acid [ LA , 18:2(n-6 ) ] improve cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors , but a high-LA intake may weaken the effect of ( n-3 ) LCPUFA . In a controlled , double-blind , 2 x 2-factorial 8-wk intervention , we investigated whether fish oil combined with a high- or low-LA intake affects overall CVD risk profile .  Healthy men ( n = 64 ) were r and omized to 5 mL/d fish oil capsules ( FO ) [ mean intake 3.1 g/d ( n-3 ) LCPUFA ] or olive oil capsules ( control ) and to oils and spreads with either a high ( S/B ) or a low ( R/K ) LA content , result ing in a 7.3 g/d higher LA intake in the S/B groups than in the R/K groups . Diet , ( n-3 ) LCPUFA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells , blood pressure ( BP ) , heart rate ( HR ) , and plasma CVD risk markers were measured before and after the intervention . FO lowered fasting plasma triacylglycerol ( TAG ) ( P < 0.001 ) by 51 % and 19 % in the FO+R/K-group and FO+S/B-group , respectively , which was also reflected in postpr and ial TAG measured after the intervention ( P < 0.01 ) . Although a fat x FO interaction was found for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 , neither the FO nor fat intervention affected fasting plasma cholesterol , glucose , insulin , fibrinogen , C-reactive protein , interleukin-6 , vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 , P-selectin , oxidized LDL , cluster of differentiation antigen 40 lig and ( CD40L ) , adiponectin , or fasting or postpr and ial BP or HR after adjustment for body weight changes . In conclusion , neither fish oil supplementation nor the LA intake had immediate pronounced effects on the overall CVD risk profile  in healthy men , but fish oil lowered plasma TAG in healthy subjects with initially low concentrations
However , subgroup and meta-regression analysis suggested that in subjects with a more profound increase of dietary LA intake , LA might increase the blood CRP level .
Other acute phase reactants including fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adhesion molecules were not significantly changed when LA was increased in diet .
Our meta- analysis suggested that increasing dietary LA intake does not have a significant effect on the blood concentrations of inflammatory markers .
However , the extent of change in dietary LA intake might affect the effect of LA supplementation on CRP
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary linoleic acid ( LA ) intake on the blood concentrations of inflammatory markers including cytokines , acute phase reactants and adhesion molecules in adults .