In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .
Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk.
The etiologic role of dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in primary prevention of  osteoporotic fractures is uncertain , despite considerable research efforts . With the aim to examine these associations with an improved precision , we used data from a large population -based prospect i ve cohort study in central Sweden . We estimated nutrient intake from a self-administered food-frequency question naire filled in by 60,689 women , aged 40 - 74 years at baseline during 1987 - 1990 . During follow-up , we observed 3986 women with a fracture at any site and 1535 with a hip fracture .  Rate ratio of fractures ( RR ) and 95 % CI were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models . We found no dose-response association between dietary calcium intake and fracture risk . The age-adjusted RR of hip fracture was 1.01 ( 95 % CI 0.96 - 1.06 ) per 300 mg calcium/day and the corresponding risk of any osteoporotic fracture was 0.99 ( 95 % CI 0.96 - 1.03 ) . Furthermore , women with an estimated calcium intake below 400 mg/day and those with a calcium intake higher than 1200 mg/day both had a similar age-adjusted hip fracture risk as those with intermediate calcium intakes : RR 1.07 ( 95 % CI 0.92 - 1.24 ) and RR 1.00 ( 95 % CI 0.79 - 1.27 ) , respectively . Vitamin D intake was not associated with fracture risk . Furthermore , women in the highest quintiles compared to the lowest quintiles of both calcium and vitamin D intake had an age-adjusted RR of 1.02 for all fractures ( 95 % CI 0.88 - 1.17 ) . Dietary calcium or vitamin D intakes estimated at middle and older age do not seem to be of major importance for the primary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in women
In the present meta- analysis , reductions in the risk of hip fracture  with milk consumption were only observed among American adults , but not among Sc and inavian adults , possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Sc and inavian countries .
The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption , which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health .
Fueling this uncertainty , the elevated  risk of hip fracture  in association with  milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women .
The cumulative evidence from prospect i ve cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk , yogurt , and cheese , and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest
Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients , the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal .