An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .
Enhanced resin-composite bonding to zirconia framework after pretreatment with selected silane monomers.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of five experimental silane monomer primers in vitro on the shear bond strength of a phosphate ester resin-composite cement bonded to a silicatized zirconia framework . METHODS A total of 144 planar zirconia ( Procera AllZircon ) specimens were subjected to tribochemical silica treatment , r and omly divided into 12 sub-groups ( n=12 ) , and silanized with 1.0%(v/v ) activated solutions of 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane , 3 glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane , 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane , styrylethyltrimethoxysilane , and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane , which had been prepared in 95 % ethanol ( pH 4.5 ) . A ready-to-use 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane ( RelyX ™ Ceramic Primer ) was used as the control . One resincomposite cement ( RelyX ™ Unicem ) stub was bonded to each silicatized and silanized zirconia specimen . Half of the specimen groups were dry-tested and half were thermo-cycled at 6000 cycles between 5 ° C and 55 ° C , with a constant dwelling time of 30s . The shear bond strengths of the cement stubs bonded to zirconia were measured using a universal testing machine using a constant cross-head speed of 1mm/min . The silane primer activation was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy . RESULTS The highest shear bond strength was obtained for 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dry storage , 11.7 MPa ( SD , 2.3 MPa ) and after thermo-cycling 17.6 ( 4.1 ) MPa for glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane . The lowest shear bond strength values were obtained with control silane : in dry storage , 4.5 ( 1.3 ) MPa , after thermo-cycling 6.5 ( 2.6 ) MPa . Thermo-cycling increased the bond strengths significantly ( ANOVA , p<0.001 ) and differently for each type of silane ( ANOVA , p<0.001 ) . SIGNIFICANCE Silanization with five experimental silane primers in vitro produced significantly greater shear bond strengths than the ready-to-use control silane
An as-produced surface of oxide ceramic needs to be surface treated to achieve durable bond strength .
Abrasive surface treatment and /or silica-coating treatment with the use of primer treatment can provide sufficient bond strength for bonding oxide ceramics .
The following aims were set for this systematic literature review : ( a ) to make an inventory of existing methods to achieve bondable surfaces on oxide ceramics and ( b ) to evaluate which methods might provide sufficient bond strength .