For its management , experts agreed in considering  verbal de-escalation  and  environmental modification techniques  as first choice , considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy .
BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is associated with different psychiatric conditions and represents an important issue in psychiatry .
Current recommendations on agitation in psychiatry are not univocal .
Actually , an improper assessment and management may result in unnecessary coercive or sedative treatments .
A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus can guide assessment and treatment decisions .
Suicide in a large population of former psychiatric inpatients.
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify predictors of completed suicide in a wide sample of psychiatric in patients receiving retrospective and prospect i ve DSM-IV diagnoses . METHODS We followed up 4441 severe psychiatric patients who were hospitalized for some time during a 35-year period in a private hospital setting . We collected sociodemographic , clinical and temperamental data . RESULTS Ninety-six patients from the sample committed suicide .  There were no sex differences in suicide completion and no differences between major psychiatric disorders , but people who had been hospitalized for anxiety disorders did not commit suicide and people with bipolar disorders were more likely to commit suicide than people with unipolar major depression . Shorter-term treatment with lithium and anticonvulsants , longer-term treatment with antidepressants , history of suicide attempts , suicidal thinking , and single status positively predicted completed suicide . Suicide tended to occur after a mean period of about 14 years of duration of disease . Patients ' symptoms during the period preceding suicide were assessed through interviewing patients ' physicians or family members . Symptoms occurring in > 10 % of cases were , in decreasing order , inner tension , racing/crowded thoughts , aggressive behavior , guilt , psychomotor agitation , persecutory ideation , anxiety , and hallucinations . Surprisingly , cyclothymic temperament was less associated with completed suicide as compared to other temperaments . CONCLUSIONS Suicide is likely to occur in a milieu of agitation , mixed anxiety and depression , and psychosis . Longer-term mood stabilizer treatment may reduce the rate of completed suicide
For its management , experts agreed in considering  verbal de-escalation  and  environmental modification techniques  as first choice , considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy .
BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is associated with different psychiatric conditions and represents an important issue in psychiatry .
Current recommendations on agitation in psychiatry are not univocal .
Actually , an improper assessment and management may result in unnecessary coercive or sedative treatments .
A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus can guide assessment and treatment decisions .