The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
Effects of alpha-tocopherol and mixed tocopherol supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND Vitamin E isomers may protect against atherosclerosis . The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementation with either alpha-tocopherol ( alphaT ) or mixed tocopherols rich in gamma-tocopherol ( gammaT ) on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes . METHODS In a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , 55 patients with type 2 diabetes were r and omly assigned to receive ( 500 mg/day ) ( a ) alphaT , ( b ) mixed tocopherols , or ( c ) placebo for 6 weeks . Cellular tocopherols , plasma and urine F(2)-isoprostanes , erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities , plasma inflammatory markers , and ex vivo assessment of eicosanoid synthesis were analyzed pre- and postsupplementation . RESULTS Neutrophil alphaT and gammaT increased ( both P < 0.001 ) with mixed tocopherol supplementation , whereas alphaT ( P < 0.001 ) increased and gammaT decreased ( P < 0.005 ) after alphaT supplementation . Both alphaT and mixed tocopherol supplementation result ed in reduced plasma F(2)-isoprostanes ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001 , respectively ) but did not affect 24-h urinary F(2)-isoprostanes or erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities . Neither alphaT nor mixed tocopherol supplementation affected plasma C-reactive protein , interleukin 6 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 . Stimulated neutrophil leukotriene B(4 ) production decreased significantly in the mixed tocopherol group ( P = 0.02 ) but not in the alphaT group ( P = 0.15 ) . CONCLUSIONS The ability of tocopherols to reduce systemic oxidative stress suggests potential benefits of vitamin E supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes . In population s with well-controlled type 2 diabetes , supplementation with either alphaT or mixed tocopherols rich in gammaT is unlikely to confer further benefits in reducing inflammation
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .