The administration of probiotic/synbiotic were associated with a significant improvement in FPG , FBI , HOMA I-R , BMI .
It also modified Ferriman-Gallway , serum triglycerides , serum testosterone , hs-CRP , NO , TAC , GSH , and MDA .
Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention showed that probiotics were associated with greater testosterone and FPG reduction ;  synbiotics administration result ed in a more pronounced decrease of the FBI .
Subgroup analyses on the duration of therapy showed that , probiotic/synbiotic administration had a significantly greater effect on QUICK-I in the case of women with 12-weeks of therapy than in the 8-weeks therapy group .
Nevertheless , we did not observe any significant difference was observed in terms of FBI , HOMA-IR , and FPG .
Probiotics and synbiotics seem to either an effect on/influence metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters , or can influence them .
Consequently , it could lead to an improvement of fertility in PCOS
Several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have investigated the use of probiotic/synbiotic in PCOS patients , without clarifying the real use in clinical practice .
The aim of this meta- analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of PCOS  .
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women.
The present study investigated the impact of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 ( LPR ) supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women over 24 weeks . In a double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omised trial , each subject consumed two capsules per d of either a placebo or a LPR formulation ( 1.6 × 10(8 ) colony-forming units of LPR/capsule with oligofructose and inulin ) . Each group was su bmi tted to moderate energy restriction for the first 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks of weight maintenance . Body weight and composition were measured at baseline , at week 12 and at week 24 . The intention-to-treat analysis showed that after the first 12 weeks and after 24 weeks , mean weight loss was not significantly different between the LPR and placebo groups when all the subjects were considered . However , a significant treatment × sex interaction was observed . The mean weight loss in women in the LPR group was significantly higher than that in women in the placebo group ( P = 0.02 ) after the first 12 weeks , whereas it was similar in men in the two groups ( P= 0.53 ) . Women in the LPR group continued to lose body weight and fat mass during the weight-maintenance period , whereas opposite changes were observed in the placebo group . Changes in body weight and fat mass during the weight-maintenance period were similar in men in both the groups . LPR-induced  weight loss in women was associated not only with significant reductions in fat mass and circulating leptin concentrations but also with the relative abundance of bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family in faeces . The present study shows that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 formulation helps obese women to achieve sustainable weight loss
The administration of probiotic/synbiotic were associated with a significant improvement in FPG , FBI , HOMA I-R , BMI .
It also modified Ferriman-Gallway , serum triglycerides , serum testosterone , hs-CRP , NO , TAC , GSH , and MDA .
Subgroup analysis of the type of intervention showed that probiotics were associated with greater testosterone and FPG reduction ;  synbiotics administration result ed in a more pronounced decrease of the FBI .
Subgroup analyses on the duration of therapy showed that , probiotic/synbiotic administration had a significantly greater effect on QUICK-I in the case of women with 12-weeks of therapy than in the 8-weeks therapy group .
Nevertheless , we did not observe any significant difference was observed in terms of FBI , HOMA-IR , and FPG .
Probiotics and synbiotics seem to either an effect on/influence metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters , or can influence them .
Consequently , it could lead to an improvement of fertility in PCOS
Several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have investigated the use of probiotic/synbiotic in PCOS patients , without clarifying the real use in clinical practice .
The aim of this meta- analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of PCOS  .