There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
A randomized, triple masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial for controlling childhood obesity
Background The efficacy of pharmacological treatment in controlling  childhood obesity  is controversial . We aim ed to compare the effects of three types of drug regimens and placebo on generalized and abdominal obesity among obese children and adolescents who did not succeed to lose weight 3 months after lifestyle modification ( diet and exercise ) . Methods This triple-masked r and omized clinical trial was conducted among 180 participants aged 10–16 years . They were assigned r and omly to 4 groups of equal number to receive metformin , fluoxetine , a combination of the two drugs , or placebo . The trial lasted for 12 weeks and participants were followed up for an additional 12-week period . Results Overall , 91.1 % ( n=164 ) of the enrolled participants completed the trial . After the 12-week trial , the body mass index decreased significantly in all groups receiving medications [ approximately −1.2 ( 0.2 ) kg/m2 , P<0.05 ] . This decrease was not significant in the placebo group . Waist circumference decreased significantly in the groups receiving metformin [ −2.1 ( 0.4 ) cm , P=0.03 ) ] as well as in the group receiving a combination therapy of metformin and fluoxetine [ −2.5 ( 0.4 ) cm , P=0.01 ) ] . In the 24-week follow-up study , these anthropometric indexes were lower than the baseline in the group that had received a combination therapy of metformin and fluoxetine . No serious drug side-effects were reported . Conclusions A limited period of such treatment may help weight control , and might be used to encourage those children who have been refractory to weight loss for continuing the non-pharmacological programs . Our findings should be confirmed in future studies with a longer follow-up period
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .