Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .
Acute and long-term treatment of late-life major depressive disorder: duloxetine versus placebo.
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of duloxetine with placebo on depression in elderly patients with major depressive disorder . DESIGN Multicenter , 24-week ( 12-week short-term and 12-week continuation ) , r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . SETTING United States , France , Mexico , Puerto Rico . PARTICIPANTS Age 65 years or more with major depressive disorder diagnosis ( one or more previous episode ) ; Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥20 ; Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score ≥20 .  INTERVENTION Duloxetine 60 or 120 mg/day or placebo ; placebo rescue possible . MEASUREMENTS Primary -Maier subscale of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HAMD-17 ) at week 12 . Secondary -Geriatric Depression Scale , HAMD-17 total score , cognitive measures , Brief Pain Inventory ( BPI ) , Numeric Rating Scales ( NRS ) for pain , Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale , Patient Global Impression of Improvement in acute phase and acute plus continuation phase of treatment . RESULTS Compared with placebo , duloxetine did not show significantly greater improvement from baseline on Maier subscale at 12 weeks , but did show significantly greater improvement at weeks 4 , 8 , 16 , and 20 . Similar patterns for Geriatric Depression Scale and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale emerged , with significance also seen at week 24 . There was a significant treatment effect for all BPI items and 4 of 6 NRS pain measures in the acute phase , most BPI items and half of the NRS measures in the continuation phase . More duloxetine-treated patients completed the study ( 63 % versus 55 % ) . A significantly higher percentage of duloxetine-treated patients versus placebo discontinued due to adverse event ( 15.3 % versus 5.8 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Although the antidepressant efficacy of duloxetine was not confirmed by the primary outcome , several secondary measures at multiple time points suggested efficacy . Duloxetine had significant and meaningful beneficial effects on pain
Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .