In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men.
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages are risk factors for type 2 diabetes ; however , the role of artificially sweetened beverages is unclear . OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the associations of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages with  incident type 2 diabetes .  DESIGN An analysis of healthy men ( n = 40,389 ) from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study , a prospect i ve cohort study , was performed . Cumulatively averaged intakes of sugar-sweetened ( sodas , fruit punches , lemonades , fruit drinks ) and artificially sweetened ( diet sodas , diet drinks ) beverages from food-frequency question naires were tested for associations with type 2 diabetes by using Cox regression . RESULTS There were 2680 cases over 20 y of follow-up . After age adjustment , the hazard ratio ( HR ) for the comparison of the top with the bottom quartile of sugar-sweetened beverage intake was 1.25 ( 95 % CI : 1.11 , 1.39 ; P for trend < 0.01 ) . After adjustment for confounders , including multivitamins , family history , high triglycerides at baseline , high blood pressure , diuretics , pre-enrollment weight change , dieting , total energy , and body mass index , the HR was 1.24 ( 95 % CI : 1.09 , 1.40 ; P for trend < 0.01 ) . Intake of artificially sweetened beverages was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the age-adjusted analysis ( HR : 1.91 ; 95 % CI : 1.72 , 2.11 ; P for trend < 0.01 ) but not in the multivariate-adjusted analysis ( HR : 1.09 ; 95 % CI : 0.98 , 1.21 ; P for trend = 0.13 ) . The replacement of one serving of sugar-sweetened beverage with 1 cup ( ≈237 mL ) of coffee was associated with a risk reduction of 17 % . CONCLUSION Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with a significantly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes , whereas the association between artificially sweetened beverages and type 2 diabetes was largely explained by health status , pre-enrollment weight change , dieting , and body mass index
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .