Conclusions : Despite low levels of evidence , manual examination of the cervical spine appears to aid the diagnostic process related to CGH and can be implemented by both experienced and inexperienced examiners
Objective : To evaluate the diagnostic validity of manual examination techniques used to diagnose  cervicogenic headache ( CGH ) .
Background : Cervicogenic headache is a specific type of headache that originates from the cervical spine and is typically chronic in nature .
Diagnostic criteria for CGH have been established by the International Headache Society ( IHS ) and are cited extensively in the literature .
Diagnosis of CGH through manual examination is a more recent practice .
To our knowledge , no systematic review of manual diagnosis of CGH has been performed .
Reinvestigation of the dysfunction in neck and shoulder girdle muscles as the reason of cervicogenic headache among office workers
Purpose : Dysfunction of cervical and shoulder girdle muscles as reason of cervicogenic headache ( CEH ) was reinvestigated with clinical and neurophysiological studies . Methods : Forty office workers were r and omized into two groups to verify efficiency of supervised kinesiotherapy  ( N = 20 ) aim ed with improvement of muscle ’s activity and headache symptoms releasing . Headache intensity was evaluated with visual analog scale ( VAS ) , range of cervical movement ( ROM ) with goniometer , trigger points ( TrPs ) incidence with palpation and muscle ’s strength with Lovett ’s scale . Reaction of patients for muscle ’s elongation was also evaluated .  Surface electromyographical recordings  were bilaterally analyzed at rest ( rEMG ) and during maximal contraction ( mcEMG ) . Results : Deficits of cervical flexion and muscles strength were found in all patients . TrPs occurred predominantly in painful trapezius muscle . Incidence of trigger points coexisted with intensity of CEH . Results indicated on muscles dysfunction which improved only after supervised therapy . Positive correlations between increase in rEMG amplitudes and high VAS scores , high-amplitude rEMG recordings incidence and increased number of TrPs were found . Negative correlation was detected between amplitude in mcEMG and amplitude of rEMG recordings . Conclusions : Dysfunction of trapezius muscle was most responsible for CEH etiology . Proposed algorithm of kinesiotherapy was effective as complementary method of the CEH patients treatment
Conclusions : Despite low levels of evidence , manual examination of the cervical spine appears to aid the diagnostic process related to CGH and can be implemented by both experienced and inexperienced examiners
Objective : To evaluate the diagnostic validity of manual examination techniques used to diagnose  cervicogenic headache ( CGH ) .
Background : Cervicogenic headache is a specific type of headache that originates from the cervical spine and is typically chronic in nature .
Diagnostic criteria for CGH have been established by the International Headache Society ( IHS ) and are cited extensively in the literature .
Diagnosis of CGH through manual examination is a more recent practice .
To our knowledge , no systematic review of manual diagnosis of CGH has been performed .