Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .
A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Impact of Digestion Resistant Starch MSPrebiotic® on Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly and Mid-Age Adults
Introduction Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) has reached epidemic proportions in North America . Recent evidence suggests that prebiotics can modulate the gut microbiome , which then plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism , blood glucose , and insulin sensitivity . As such , prebiotics are appealing potential therapeutic strategies for prediabetes and T2D . The key objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability as well as the glucose and insulin modulating ability of  MSPrebiotic ® digestion resistant starch ( DRS ) in healthy mid-age ( MID ) and elderly ( ELD ) adults . Material s and methods This was a prospect i ve , blinded , placebo-controlled study . Prediabetes and diabetes were among the exclusion factors . ELD ( > 70 years ) and MID ( 30–50 years ) Canadian adults were recruited and , after 2 weeks of consuming placebo , they were r and omized to consume 30 g of either MSPrebiotic ® or placebo per day for 12 weeks . In total , 42 ELD and 42 MID participants completed the study . Blood sample s were collected over the 14-week study and analyzed for glucose , lipid profile , and CRP , lipid particles , TNF-α , IL-10 , insulin , and insulin resistance ( IR ) . Results At baseline , the ELD population had a significantly higher percentage ( p < 0.01 ) with elevated glucose and significantly higher TNF-α ( p < 0.01 ) compared to MID adults .  MSPrebiotic ® DRS was well tolerated in both MID and ELD adults . There was a significant difference over time in blood glucose ( p = 0.0301 ) and insulin levels ( p = 0.009 ) , as well as IR ( HOMA-IR ; p = 0.009 ) in ELD adults who consumed MSPrebiotic ® compared to placebo . No significant changes were found in MID adults . Conclusion Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with prebiotics such as MSPrebiotic ® may be part of an effective strategy to reduce IR , a major risk factor for developing T2D , in the ELD . Clinical Trial Registration NCT01977183 listed on NIH website : Clinical Trials.gov , The meta data generated in this study have been su bmi tted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/381931 )
Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .