There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .
A pilot, randomized controlled trial to examine the health outcomes of raisin consumption in patients with diabetes.
OBJECTIVES Dried fruits , like their fresh homologues , contain relatively high concentrations of antioxidants . The aim of this study was to determine the health outcomes of raisin consumption on patients with diabetes . METHODS We examined the effects of dried grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) cultivated in Greece , namely Corinthian Raisins ( CR ) on blood pressure , fasting glucose , glucated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , lipid peroxidation , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , antioxidant status , and cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . Forty-eight well-controlled patients with T2DM from the diabetes outpatient clinic of our hospital were recruited to a two-armed , r and omized , controlled , 24-wk prospect i ve intervention trial in order to examine the health outcomes of CR consumption . All participants were reported to consume less fruits and vegetables than the recommended amount of five servings daily . Participants in the intervention were instructed to consume CR equal to two fruit servings ( 36 g/d ) , replacing snacks with similar energy density twice during the day . Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements , assessment of dietary intake , and fasting blood draws were conducted at baseline and at week 24 . Also , phenolic compounds present in CR were analyzed in plasma of the patients . t Test for parametric data and Mann-Whitney test or Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data were performed . Significance was set at P < 0.05 . RESULTS Body weight , glycemic control , and lipid profile were not affected in either arm . Patients in the CR arm reduced their diastolic blood pressure and increased their total antioxidant potential significantly compared with baseline . The differences between the two groups at week 24 were significant . No change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed . A significant difference in plasma circulating p-hydroxybenzoic acid was observed between groups at the end of the trial . CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that naturally CR may improve health features in patients with well-controlled T2DM
There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .