Other benefits included fewer episodes of feed intolerance , better weight gain and growth velocity , decreased transition time from orogastric to breast feeds , and increased postpr and ial mesenteric flow .
There were no adverse effects of probiotic supplementation .
Probiotics reduced the time to full enteral feeds  in preterm neonates .
INTRODUCTION The optimization of enteral nutrition is a priority in preterm neonates worldwide .
Probiotics are known to improve gut maturity and function in preterm neonates .
To our knowledge , previous systematic review s have not adequately assessed the effects of probiotic supplementation on enteral nutrition in preterm neonates .
OBJECTIVE We assessed the evidence on effects of probiotics on enteral nutrition in preterm neonates .
Effects of probiotic and prebiotic on gastrointestinal motility in newborns.
To fortify the biological role of milk formula has been suggested to use probiotics and prebiotics as functional components to mimic the effect of breast milk . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic , probiotic added to a st and ard formula on gastrointestinal motility respect to placebo-formula .  Cutaneous electrogastrography ( EGG ) and ultrasound gastric emptying ( GE ) were performed in 49 preterm newborns . 17 newborns were exclusively breast-fed ; 32 were r and omly assigned to receive prebiotic-added formula ( 0.8 g/dl of a mixture from scGOS and lcFOS , ratio 9:1 ) ( 10 ) , a probiotic-added formula ( L. reuteri at dose of 1x10(8 ) colony forming units ( CFU ) per day ) ( 10 ) , a formula with placebo ( 12 ) for 30 days . No difference was seen in the nutritional parameters and no adverse events were reported . After the intervention period , the prebiotic , probiotic , and breast milk groups showed a higher percentage of EGG slow wave propagation and faster gastric half emptying time respect to placebo group ( ANOVAon ranks p<0.001 ; Dunn test vs control : prebiotic , probiotic and breast-milk vs placebo formula p<0.05 ; and ANOVA on ranks p=0.005 ; Dunn test vs control : prebiotic , probiotic and breast-milk vs placebo formula p<0.05 , respectively ) . Feeding preterm infants with a formula supplemented with prebiotics or probiotics may stimulate gastric emptying and improve maturation of the EGG activity mimicking the effect of breast milk
Other benefits included fewer episodes of feed intolerance , better weight gain and growth velocity , decreased transition time from orogastric to breast feeds , and increased postpr and ial mesenteric flow .
There were no adverse effects of probiotic supplementation .
Probiotics reduced the time to full enteral feeds  in preterm neonates .
INTRODUCTION The optimization of enteral nutrition is a priority in preterm neonates worldwide .
Probiotics are known to improve gut maturity and function in preterm neonates .
To our knowledge , previous systematic review s have not adequately assessed the effects of probiotic supplementation on enteral nutrition in preterm neonates .
OBJECTIVE We assessed the evidence on effects of probiotics on enteral nutrition in preterm neonates .