Conclusion : The results from this meta- analysis suggest a beneficial short-term effect of coffee intake on EF as measured by FMD .
Base on systematic review results acute and chronic intake of coffee products may exerts an unfavorable effect on AS .
Background : Endothelial function ( EF ) and arterial stiffness ( AS ) are predictors of cardiovascular disease .
As previous research concerning the effect of coffee intake on EF and AS was controversial , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to synthesize research .
Cardiovascular effects of caffeine in men and women.
Caffeine increases blood pressure ( BP ) . In men , acute BP elevations after caffeine intake are due to an increase in vascular resistance , with no change in cardiac output . The hemodynamic effects of caffeine have not been studied in women . Accordingly , BP and hemodynamic responses to caffeine were measured in a double-blind trial comparing age-matched men and women at rest and during mental stress .  Caffeine ( 3.3 mg/kg , equivalent to 2 to 3 cups of brewed coffee ) or placebo was given to separate groups of women ( n = 21 and 21 ) and men ( n = 16 and 19 ) ( mean ages 29 and 27 years , respectively ) .  BP , cardiac output , and vascular resistance were observed at rest , during a stressful public-speaking simulation , reading aloud , and recovery . Caffeine caused nearly identical systolic and diastolic BP elevations in women ( 4.5 and 3.3 mm Hg , respectively ) and men ( 4.1 and 3.8 mm Hg , respectively ) . Men given caffeine versus placebo showed the expected elevation in vascular resistance throughout the remainder of the protocol ( p < 0.001 ) , with no difference in cardiac output . In contrast , women responded to caffeine with increases in stroke volume ( p < 0.001 ) and cardiac output ( p < 0.001 ) , with no difference in vascular resistance from women taking placebo .  Men and women have similar BP responses to caffeine , but the BP responses may arise from different hemodynamic mechanisms . Women who consume a dietary dose of caffeine showed an increase in cardiac output , whereas men showed increased vascular resistance
Conclusion : The results from this meta- analysis suggest a beneficial short-term effect of coffee intake on EF as measured by FMD .
Base on systematic review results acute and chronic intake of coffee products may exerts an unfavorable effect on AS .
Background : Endothelial function ( EF ) and arterial stiffness ( AS ) are predictors of cardiovascular disease .
As previous research concerning the effect of coffee intake on EF and AS was controversial , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to synthesize research .