Comorbidity , gender , age , number of sessions , duration , intervention type , setting , medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment .
CONCLUSIONS Psychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent- , teacher- and observer-rated CD problems  in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis .
There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another .
Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies
BACKGROUND This meta- analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder ( CD ) problems in children and adolescents , based on child , parent and teacher report .
Children aged 4–8 years treated with parent training and child therapy because of conduct problems: generalisation effects to day-care and school settings
In this study , generalisation effects to day-care/school setting s were examined in an outpatient clinic sample of 127 children aged 4–8 years treated because of oppositional conduct problems in the home with parent training ( PT ) and parent training combined with child therapy ( CT ) ( “ Incredible Years ” ) . Before treatment all children scored above the 90th percentile on the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory ( ECBI ) for home problems , and met criteria for a possible or a confirmed diagnosis of either an oppositional defiant ( ODD ) or a conduct ( CD ) disorder . Further , 83 % of the children showed clinical levels of conduct problems both at home and in day-care/school before treatment . Although most children improved at home , the majority still showed clinical levels of conduct problems in day-care/school setting s after treatment and 1-year later . Combined PT and CT produced the most powerful and significant generalisation effects across the treatment period , however these improvements were not maintained 1-year later for most areas . The results of the present study , therefore , underline the need to target conduct problems not only exhibited at home but also in day-care/school setting s , and to develop strategies to maintain positive generalisation effects after treatment for this age and problem-group
Comorbidity , gender , age , number of sessions , duration , intervention type , setting , medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment .
CONCLUSIONS Psychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent- , teacher- and observer-rated CD problems  in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis .
There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another .
Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies
BACKGROUND This meta- analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder ( CD ) problems in children and adolescents , based on child , parent and teacher report .