RESULTS No statistical significant difference in bond strength between both categories was observed in caries-affected dentin at immediate evaluation and in sound dentin after ageing .
Etch- and -rinse adhesives , however , performed better in sound enamel and dentin substrates considering immediate bond strength .
None study assessed the long-term adhesive effectiveness to sound or demineralized enamel .
Although the articles included in this meta- analysis showed high heterogeneity and high risk of bias , the in vitro literature suggests superior performance of etch- and -rinse adhesives in primary teeth in comparison with self-etch systems
AIM To systematic ally review the literature for in vitro studies that evaluated the immediate or after ageing bond strength of  etch- and -rinse and self-etch adhesive systems to enamel and dentin of primary teeth .
Bonding of simplified adhesive systems to caries-affected dentin of primary teeth.
PURPOSE To evaluate the bonding of simplified adhesive systems to sound and caries-affected dentin of primary teeth with microtensile ( µTBS ) and nanoleakage ( NL ) tests . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Occlusal cavities were prepared in 36 sound second primary molars . Half of the specimens were su bmi tted to pH cycling to simulate caries-affected dentin . Teeth were r and omly restored with one of three material s : the etch- and -rinse adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 ( SB ) , the two-step self-etching adhesive system Adper SE Plus ( SE ) , and the one-step self-etching adhesive system Adper Easy One ( EASY ) . After storage for 24 h , specimens with cross-sectional areas of 0.8 mm2 were prepared for microtensile testing ( 1 mm/min ) . One stick from each tooth was immersed in silver nitrate solution ( 24 h ) and allowed to develop for 8 h in order to score the nano leakage with SEM . The fracture pattern was evaluated using a stereomicroscope ( 400X ) . The µTBS means were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey 's post-hoc test . For NL , the Kruskal- Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used ( α < 0.05 ) . RESULTS SB ( 35.5 ± 3.5 ) showed the highest µTBS value to sound dentin , followed by EASY ( 26.3 ± 1.9 ) and SE ( 18.2 ± 6.5 ) ( p < 0.05 ) . No difference among material s was observed for caries-affected dentin ( SB : 17.8 ± 4.2 ; SE : 13.9 ± 3.2 ; EASY : 14.4 ± 4.2 , p > 0.05 ) . For all groups , adhesive/mixed fracture prevailed . Caries affected dentin promoted silver nitrate uptake into the adhesive interface ; however , with SE , the nano leakage was more pronounced than in the other adhesive systems , even in sound dentin . CONCLUSION Caries-affected dentin negatively influences the bond strength and nano leakage of the two-step etch- and -rinse and one-step self-etching adhesive systems tested in primary teeth
RESULTS No statistical significant difference in bond strength between both categories was observed in caries-affected dentin at immediate evaluation and in sound dentin after ageing .
Etch- and -rinse adhesives , however , performed better in sound enamel and dentin substrates considering immediate bond strength .
None study assessed the long-term adhesive effectiveness to sound or demineralized enamel .
Although the articles included in this meta- analysis showed high heterogeneity and high risk of bias , the in vitro literature suggests superior performance of etch- and -rinse adhesives in primary teeth in comparison with self-etch systems
AIM To systematic ally review the literature for in vitro studies that evaluated the immediate or after ageing bond strength of  etch- and -rinse and self-etch adhesive systems to enamel and dentin of primary teeth .