No overall effect was revealed in the meta-analyses , meaning that no influence of the  ER or SE strategy on POS .
SIGNIFICANCE The type of adhesive strategy ( ER or SE ) for posterior resin composite restorations does not influence the risk and intensity of POS .
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta- analysis were performed on the risk and intensity of postoperative sensitivity ( POS ) in posterior resin composite restorations bonded with self-etch ( SE ) and etch- and -rinse ( ER ) adhesives .
A prospective, randomized clinical trial of a two-step self-etching vs two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and SEM margin analysis: four-year results.
PURPOSE The aim of this blinded , r and omized , prospect i ve long-term study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the two-step self-etching adhesive AdheSE ( AS , Ivoclar Vivadent ) compared to the etch- and -rinse adhesive system Excite ( EX , Ivoclar Vivadent ) in combination with the hybrid resin composite Tetric Ceram HB ( Ivoclar Vivadent ) for Class I and II restorations . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In accordance with a split mouth design , 50 patients received 100 restorations in premolars and molars . The restorations were assigned at r and om to the self-etching ( AS ) or the etch- and -rinse ( EX ) group . Each restoration was scored according to the modified Ryge criteria at baseline and after 6 , 12 , 24 and 48 months . Epoxy resin replicas of 60 restorations were made at each observation period for an additional SEM analysis of the occlusal margins . RESULTS After 4 years , 60 of 100 restorations could be evaluated . The cumulative survival rate for group EX was 100 % and for group AS 96.7 % . One restoration in group AS had failed due to marginal gap formation . For the criterion marginal adaption in group AS , significantly more bravo ratings ( 30 % ) were observed after 4 years compared to group EX ( 6.7 % ) ( p < 0.05 ; Mann-Whitney U-test ) . The results of the SEM margin analysis revealed no significant differences between groups AS and EX ( Mann-Whitney U-test ; p > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Both adhesive systems performed satisfactorily over the four-year observation period . A significant deterioration over time was found for the criterion marginal adaption in AdheSE
No overall effect was revealed in the meta-analyses , meaning that no influence of the  ER or SE strategy on POS .
SIGNIFICANCE The type of adhesive strategy ( ER or SE ) for posterior resin composite restorations does not influence the risk and intensity of POS .
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta- analysis were performed on the risk and intensity of postoperative sensitivity ( POS ) in posterior resin composite restorations bonded with self-etch ( SE ) and etch- and -rinse ( ER ) adhesives .