This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Intercostal nerve blockade with a mixture of bupivacaine and phenol enhance the efficacy of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in the control of post-cholecystectomy pain.
Prolonged nerve conduction blockade has been proposed to result from the summed effects of charged and neutral local anaesthetics . Thirty-seven patients were r and omly allocated to receive intravenous patient-controlled analgesia alone or combined with intercostal blockade ( T7-T11 ) with a mixture of 0.45 % bupivacaine and 0.6 % phenol for post-cholecystectomy analgesia .  Adequacy of pain relief was measured by patient scores on a 10-cm visual analogue scale and by dose-dem and ratio , amounts of loading dose and total consumption of morphine  and also the duration of patient-controlled analgesia in each group . No differences were found between groups in post-operative scores , dose-dem and ratios and loading doses of morphine .  However , in the combined treatment group , a significantly lower total consumption of morphine ( P < 0.05 ) , associated with a shorter duration of patient-controlled analgesia ( P < 0.02 ) and a decreased mean number of unsuccessful dem and s ( P < 0.001 ) were recorded . Intercostal blockade with bupivacaine-phenol supplements intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for post-cholecystectomy pain relief
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .