The results showed that , compared with placebo , pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative shivering .
In addition , compared with sufentanil , fentanyl showed no impact on haemodynamic stability and the incidence of pruritus .
CONCLUSION Pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil appear to be effective for preventing perioperative shivering in puerperae undergoing cesarean sections .
Considering the risk-benefit profiles of the included neuraxial adjuvants , fentanyl is probably the optimal choice
BACKGROUND Perioperative shivering is clinical ly common during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia , and several neuraxial adjuvants are reported to have preventive effects on it .
However , the results of current studies are controversial and the effects of these neuraxial adjuvants remain unclear .
AIM To evaluate the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering during cesarean sections , thus providing an optimal choice for clinical application .
Comparison of the effects of intrathecal morphine and pethidine on shivering after Caesarean delivery under combined‐spinal epidural anaesthesia *
We performed a prospect i ve , r and omised , double blind study to compare the antishivering effect of morphine and pethidine when added to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine during elective Caesarean delivery under combined‐spinal epidural anaesthesia . Spinal anaesthesia consisted of either 8–10 mg of 0.5 % bupivacaine alone  ( group B ; n = 30 ) with 0.1 mg morphine ( group BM0.1 ; n = 29 ) , with 0.2 mg morphine ( group BM0.2 ; n = 30 ) , or with 10 mg pethidine ( group BPeth10 ; n = 30 ) . The incidences of shivering were 23.3 % ( 7/30 ) in group B , 17 % ( 5/29 ) in group BM0.1 , 13.3 % ( 4/30 ) in group BM0.2 and 3.3 % ( 1/30 ) in group BPeth10 ( p < 0.05 ) . The shivering intensity for each patient was significantly higher in group B than the other groups . In conclusion , intrathecal pethidine added to hyperbaric bupivacaine  reduces the incidence and intensity of shivering more than does morphine ( 0.1 or 0.2 mg )
The results showed that , compared with placebo , pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative shivering .
In addition , compared with sufentanil , fentanyl showed no impact on haemodynamic stability and the incidence of pruritus .
CONCLUSION Pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil appear to be effective for preventing perioperative shivering in puerperae undergoing cesarean sections .
Considering the risk-benefit profiles of the included neuraxial adjuvants , fentanyl is probably the optimal choice
BACKGROUND Perioperative shivering is clinical ly common during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia , and several neuraxial adjuvants are reported to have preventive effects on it .
However , the results of current studies are controversial and the effects of these neuraxial adjuvants remain unclear .
AIM To evaluate the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering during cesarean sections , thus providing an optimal choice for clinical application .