In addition , there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults .
There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD .
Conclusions : On the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings , the apparent association between indexes of liver health ( ie , liver fat , hepatic de novo lipogenesis , alanine aminotransferase , AST , and γ-glutamyl transpeptase ) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake .
Overall , the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose , HFCS , or sucrose consumption on NAFLD
Background : Concerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes , especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) in the United States .
Objective : We examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans .
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study
Objective To evaluate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and all cause and cause specific mortality in a representative sample of the US general population . Design Prospect i ve cohort study . Setting US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES III : 1988 - 94 ) with follow-up of mortality to 2006 . Participants 11 371 adults aged 20 - 74 participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , with assessment of hepatic steatosis .  Main outcome measure Mortality from all causes , cardiovascular disease , cancer , and liver disease ( up to 18 years of follow-up ) . Results The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without increased levels of liver enzymes in the population was 3.1 % and 16.4 % , respectively . Compared with participants without steatosis , those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but normal liver enzyme levels had multivariate adjusted hazard ratios for deaths from all causes of 0.92 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.78 to 1.09 ) , from cardiovascular disease of 0.86 ( 0.67 to 1.12 ) , from cancer of 0.92 ( 0.67 to 1.27 ) , and from liver disease of 0.64 ( 0.12 to 3.59 ) . Compared with participants without steatosis , those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased liver enzyme levels had adjusted hazard ratios for deaths from all causes of 0.80 ( 0.52 to 1.22 ) , from cardiovascular disease of 0.59 ( 0.29 to 1.20 ) , from cancer of 0.53 ( 0.26 to 1.10 ) , and from liver disease of 1.17 ( 0.15 to 8.93 ) . Conclusions Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was not associated with an increased risk of death from all causes , cardiovascular disease , cancer , or liver disease
In addition , there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults .
There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD .
Conclusions : On the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings , the apparent association between indexes of liver health ( ie , liver fat , hepatic de novo lipogenesis , alanine aminotransferase , AST , and γ-glutamyl transpeptase ) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake .
Overall , the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose , HFCS , or sucrose consumption on NAFLD
Background : Concerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes , especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) in the United States .
Objective : We examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans .