In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .
Multivitamin use and the risk of myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort of Swedish women.
BACKGROUND Dietary supplements are widely used in industrialized countries . OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the association between multivitamin use and myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) in a prospect i ve , population -based cohort of women . DESIGN The study included 31,671 women with no history of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and 2262 women with a history of CVD aged 49 - 83 y from Sweden . Women completed a self-administered question naire in 1997 regarding dietary supplement use , diet , and lifestyle factors . Multivitamins were estimated to contain nutrients close to recommended daily allowances : vitamin A ( 0.9 mg ) , vitamin C ( 60 mg ) , vitamin D ( 5 μg ) , vitamin E ( 9 mg ) , thiamine ( 1.2 mg ) , riboflavin ( 1.4 mg ) , vitamin B-6 ( 1.8 mg ) , vitamin B-12 ( 3 μg ) , and folic acid ( 400 μg ) . RESULTS During an average of 10.2 y of follow-up , 932 MI cases were identified in the CVD-free group and 269 cases in the CVD group . In the CVD-free group , use of multivitamins only , compared with no use of supplements , was associated with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) of 0.73 ( 95 % CI : 0.57 , 0.93 ) . The HR  for multivitamin use together with other supplements was 0.70 ( 95 % CI : 0.57 , 0.87 ) . The HR for use of supplements other than multivitamins was 0.93 ( 95 % CI : 0.81 , 1.08 ) . The use of multivitamins for ≥5 y was associated with an HR of 0.59 ( 95 % CI : 0.44 , 0.80 ) . In the CVD group , use of multivitamins alone or together with other supplements was not associated with MI . CONCLUSIONS The use of multivitamins was inversely associated with MI , especially long-term use among women with no CVD . Further prospect i ve studies with detailed information on the content of preparations and the duration of use are needed to confirm or refute our findings
In this third up date of the Cochrane review , there were no differences in effects of homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 given alone or in combination comparing with placebo on myocardial infa rct ion , death from any cause or adverse events .
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease , which includes coronary artery disease , stroke and peripheral vascular disease , is a leading cause of death worldwide .
Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism .
A postulated risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level .
The impact of homocysteine-lowering interventions , given to patients in the form of vitamins B6 , B9 or B12 supplements , on cardiovascular events has been investigated .
This is an up date of a review previously published in 2009 , 2013 , and 2015 .
OBJECTIVES To determine whether homocysteine-lowering interventions , provided to patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease are effective in preventing cardiovascular events , as well as reducing all-cause mortality , and to evaluate their safety .