Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .
A long-term seal- and cod-liver-oil supplementation in hypercholesterolemic subjects
In this long-term study , we wanted to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of seal oil ( SO ) as compared cod-liver oil ( CLO ) on subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia . The test parameters included fatty acid composition in serum , blood lipids , platelet aggregation , and the activity of blood monocytes . After a run-in period of 6 mon , 120 clinical ly healthy hypercholesterolemic ( 7.0–9.5 mmol/L ; 270–366 mg/dL ) subjects were r and omly selected to consume either 15 mL of SO or CLO daily for 14 mon followed by a 4-mon wash-out period . A third group was not given any dietary supplement ( control ) . Consumption of marine oils ( SO and CLO ) changed the fatty acid composition of serum significantly . Maximal levels were achieved after 10 mon . No further changes were seen after 14 mon . A wash-out period of 4 mon hardly altered the level of n−3 fatty acids in serum . Addition of SO gave 30 % higher level of eicosapentaenoic acid , as compared to CLO . Subjects taking SO or CLO had lower whole-blood platelet aggregation than the control group . Neither SO nor CLO had any effects on the levels of serum total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , postpr and ial triacylglycerol , apolipoproteins A1 and B100 , lipoprotein ( a ) , monocyte function expressed as monocyte-derived tissue factor expression , and tumor necrosis factor
Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .