No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults .
Across r and omised controlled trials ( k=40 ) and observational treatment studies ( k=40 ) , outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change .
Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms , life impact ( ie , quality of life , disability and general functioning ) and health economics/cost-utility ( eg , healthcare re source use and quality -adjusted life years ) .
CONCLUSIONS There are few well-vali date d FND-specific outcome measures .
OBJECTIVES We aim ed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder ( FND ) , to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes .
A standardized diagnostic approach and ongoing feedback improves outcome in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
INTRODUCTION Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures ( PNES ) are episodic alterations in behavior presumed to reflect a physical manifestation of underlying psychological distress . St and ardized treatment approaches for PNES care are lacking . We evaluated common approaches to PNES management that do not require significant commitment of time and re sources . METHODOLOGY Patients with PNES established with video-EEG monitoring were r and omized to one of the following three groups : 1 )  PNES diagnosis delivered per the discretion of the attending physician with advice to seek mental health assistance in the community  ( n=12 ) , 2 ) scripted PNES diagnosis provided and inpatient psychiatry consult obtained ( n=10 ) , and 3 ) weekly follow-up phone calls made in addition to scripted diagnosis and inpatient psychiatry consultation ( n=15 ) . Reduction in event frequency measured at 8weeks following hospital discharge represented the primary outcome variable . Secondary variables analyzed included exploration of change in self-reported mood , quality of life , and healthcare utilization . RESULTS No significant improvements were noted in patients simply given a PNES diagnosis and advised to seek outside care on any measure . In contrast , patients receiving a scripted diagnosis and psychiatric consultation demonstrated decreased PNES frequency accompanied by improved quality of life ( QOL ) . Patients also receiving weekly phone calls not only demonstrated decreased PNES frequency and improvements in QOL but also exhibited improved mood . DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate that providing diagnostic information regarding PNES is insufficient by itself to meaningfully affect patient outcome . Structured feedback and psychiatric consultation appeared adequate to significantly reduce PNES frequency and improve aspects of quality of life , while the addition of a weekly phone contact also led to improved mood
No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults .
Across r and omised controlled trials ( k=40 ) and observational treatment studies ( k=40 ) , outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change .
Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms , life impact ( ie , quality of life , disability and general functioning ) and health economics/cost-utility ( eg , healthcare re source use and quality -adjusted life years ) .
CONCLUSIONS There are few well-vali date d FND-specific outcome measures .
OBJECTIVES We aim ed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder ( FND ) , to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes .