In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Effect of concurrent training with blood flow restriction in the elderly.
The aim of this present study was to investigate on the effects of concurrent training with blood flow restriction ( BFR-CT ) and concurrent training ( CT ) on the aerobic fitness , muscle mass and muscle strength in a cohort of older individuals . 25 healthy older adults ( 64.7±4.1 years ; 69.33±10.8 kg ; 1.6±0.1 m ) were r and omly assigned to experimental groups : CT ( n=8 , endurance training ( ET ) , 2 days/week for 30 - 40 min , 50 - 80 % VO(2peak ) and RT , 2 days/week , leg press with 4 sets of 10 reps at 70 - 80 % of 1-RM with 60 s rest ) , BFR-CT ( n=10 , ET , similar to CT , but resistance training with blood flow restriction : 2 days/week , leg press with 1 set of 30 and 3 sets of 15 reps at 20 - 30 % 1-RM with 60 s rest ) or control group ( n=7 ) . Quadriceps cross-sectional area ( CSAq ) , 1-RM and VO(2peak ) were assessed pre- and post-examination ( 12 wk ) . The CT and BFR-CT showed similar increases in CSAq post-test ( 7.3 % , P<0.001 ; 7.6 % , P<0.0001 , respectively ) , 1-RM ( 38.1 % , P<0.001 ; 35.4 % , P=0.001 , respectively ) and VO(2peak ) ( 9.5 % , P=0.04 ; 10.3 % , P=0.02 , respectively ) . The BFR-CT promotes similar neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory adaptations as CT
In frail older persons , moderate-to-large beneficial exercise effects were noted on inflammation , muscle strength and physical functioning .
In healthy older persons , effects of resistance training ( most frequently investigated ) on inflammation or muscle strength can be influenced by the exercise modalities ( intensity and rest interval between sets ) .
Muscle strength seemed the most frequently used outcome measure , with moderate-to-large effects obtained regardless the exercise intervention studied .
Similar effects were found in patients with specific diseases .
Summary Exercise has moderate-to-large effects on muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .
Purpose of review This systematic review reports the most recent literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on  muscle strength , body composition , physical functioning and inflammation in older adults .