Subgroup analyses showed that using whole flaxseed in doses ≥30 g d-1 , longer-term interventions ( ≥12 weeks ) and studies including participants with higher BMI ( ≥ 27 kg m-2 ) had positive effects on body composition  .
Whole flaxseed is a good choice for weight management particularly for weight reduction in overweight and obese participants
Flaxseed consumption may be inversely associated with obesity ; however , findings of available r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) are conflicting .
The present study aim ed to systematic ally review and analyse RCTs assessing the effects of flaxseed consumption on body weight and body composition .
Flaxseed oil intake reduces serum small dense low-density lipoprotein concentrations in Japanese men: a randomized, double blind, crossover study
Background The effects of alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA ) on cardiovascular risk factors considerably vary between published reports . Therefore , we investigated the effects of 12-week supplementation with flaxseed oil ( FO ) , which is a rich source of ALA , on  cardiovascular risk factors such as serum small dense low-density lipoprotein ( sd-LDL ) concentrations .  Methods In a r and omized , double blind , crossover study , 15 subjects ingested 10 g of FO or corn oil ( CO ) , containing 5.49 g and 0.09 g of ALA , respectively , once daily with dinner . Blood sample s were collected at 0 , 4 and 12 weeks , and were used for analysis of serum lipid , lipid-related proteins , serum fatty acids and serum sd-LDL cholesterol . Differences during the test period were identified using a repeated- measures analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) for within-group effects . Group differences were identified using paired t-test at each blood sampling time point . Results ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations were significantly higher in the FO period at 4 and 12 weeks than in the CO period . No significant differences in docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were observed between two periods , and cholesteryl ester transfer protein and apolipoprotein B concentrations were significantly lower in the FO period than in the CO period at 12 weeks . FO supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in sd-LDL concentrations at 4 and 12 weeks , and CO supplementation had no effect . Moreover , sd-LDL concentrations were significantly lower in the FO period than in the CO period at 4 weeks . Among subjects with triglyceride ( TG ) concentrations  of > 100 mg/dl , FO supplementation markedly reduced sd-LDL concentrations at 4 and 12 weeks compared with baseline . Sd-LDL concentrations significantly differed between the periods at both 4 and 12 weeks . Conclusion This study indicates that the FO , which is a rich source of ALA , leads to lower sd-LDL cholesterol concentrations
Subgroup analyses showed that using whole flaxseed in doses ≥30 g d-1 , longer-term interventions ( ≥12 weeks ) and studies including participants with higher BMI ( ≥ 27 kg m-2 ) had positive effects on body composition  .
Whole flaxseed is a good choice for weight management particularly for weight reduction in overweight and obese participants
Flaxseed consumption may be inversely associated with obesity ; however , findings of available r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) are conflicting .
The present study aim ed to systematic ally review and analyse RCTs assessing the effects of flaxseed consumption on body weight and body composition .