Conclusion : Positive clinical ly meaningful effects ( > 5 points ) are seen to an age of 36 months , but are no longer present at 5 years
Objective : To determine in a systematic review , whether interventions for infant development that involve parents , improve neurodevelopment at 12 months corrected age or older .
Early Intervention in Low Birth Weight Premature Infants: Results at 18 Years of Age for the Infant Health and Development Program
OBJECTIVE . To assess whether improvements in cognitive and behavioral development seen in preschool educational programs persist , we compared those in a multisite r and omized trial of such a program over the first 3 years of life ( INT ) to those with follow-up only ( FUO ) at 18 months of age . METHODS . This was a prospect i ve follow-up of the Infant Health and Development Program at 8 sites heterogeneous for sociodemographic characteristics . Originally 985 children were r and omized to the INT ( n = 377 ) or FUO ( n = 608 ) groups within 2 birth weight strata : heavier low birth weight ( HLBW ; 2001–2499 g ) and lighter low birth weight ( LLBW ; ≤2000 g ) . Primary outcome measures were the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ( PPVT-III ) , reading and mathematics subscales of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement , youth self-report on the Total Behavior Problem Index , and high-risk behaviors on the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System ( YRBSS ) . Secondary outcomes included Weschler full-scale IQ , caregiver report on the Total Behavior Problem Index , and caregiver and youth self-reported physical health using the Medical Outcome Study measure . Assessors were masked as to study status . RESULTS . We assessed 636 youths at 18 years ( 64.6 % of the 985 , 72 % of whom had not died or refused at prior assessment s ) . After adjusting for cohort attrition , differences favoring the INT group were seen on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement in math ( 5.1 points ) , YRBSS ( −0.7 points ) , and the PPVT-III ( 3.8 points ) in the HLBW youth . In the LLBW youth , the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement in reading was higher in the FUO than INT group ( 4.2 ) . CONCLUSIONS . The findings in the HLBW INT group provide support for preschool education to make long-term changes in a diverse group of children who are at developmental risk . The lack of observable benefit in the LLBW group raises questions about the biological and educational factors that foster or inhibit sustained effects of early educational intervention
Conclusion : Positive clinical ly meaningful effects ( > 5 points ) are seen to an age of 36 months , but are no longer present at 5 years
Objective : To determine in a systematic review , whether interventions for infant development that involve parents , improve neurodevelopment at 12 months corrected age or older .