None of the ergonomic interventions was more beneficial for any outcome measures when compared with another treatment or with no treatment or with placebo .
Behavioural interventions had inconsistent effects on pain and disability , with some subgroups showing benefit and others showing no significant improvement when compared with no treatment , minor intervention controls or other behavioural interventions .In the eight studies that evaluated various other interventions , there was no evidence of a clear beneficial effect of any of the interventions provided .
We found very low- quality evidence indicating that pain , recovery , disability and sick leave are similar after exercises when compared with no treatment , with minor intervention controls or with exercises provided as additional treatment to people with work-related complaints of the arm , neck or shoulder .
Low- quality evidence also showed that ergonomic interventions did not decrease pain at short-term follow-up but did decrease pain at long-term follow-up .
There was no evidence of an effect on other outcomes .
For behavioural and other interventions , there was no evidence of a consistent effect on any of the outcomes .
BACKGROUND Work-related upper limb disorder ( WRULD ) , repetitive strain injury ( RSI ) , occupational overuse syndrome ( OOS ) and work-related complaints of the arm , neck or shoulder ( CANS ) are the most frequently used umbrella terms for disorders that develop as a result of repetitive movements , awkward postures and impact of external forces such as those associated with operating vibrating tools .
Work-related CANS , which is the term we use in this review , severely hampers the working population .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of conservative interventions for work-related complaints of the arm , neck or shoulder ( CANS ) in adults on pain , function and work-related outcomes .
Effect of EMG biofeedback compared to applied relaxation training with chronic, upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders
& NA ; This study examined the relative effectiveness of EMG biofeedback , applied relaxation training and a combined procedure in the management of  chronic , upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder . Forty‐eight patients with a history of about 5–6 years of upper extremity pain were r and omly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment conditions , namely applied relaxation training , EMG biofeedback , a combined approach or a wait‐list control . Treatments were conducted on an individual basis , twice per week for 4 weeks . Patients in all 3 treatment conditions showed significant short‐term reductions in pain and psychopathology in comparison to the wait‐list group who showed minimal change . Six‐month follow‐up data were obtained for patients in the treatment conditions , but not the wait‐list group . There was some evidence of relapse on measures Of depression , anxiety and pain beliefs for treated patients during the 6‐month follow‐up period , although measures remained significantly below pre‐treatment levels for most outcome indices . Self‐monitored pain continued to decrease for the treatment groups through follow‐up . Contrary to predictions , however , the strongest short‐term treatment benefits were shown by patients receiving  applied relaxation training on measures of pain , distress , interference in daily living , depression and anxiety . By 6‐month follow‐up , differences between treatment groups were no longer evident
None of the ergonomic interventions was more beneficial for any outcome measures when compared with another treatment or with no treatment or with placebo .
Behavioural interventions had inconsistent effects on pain and disability , with some subgroups showing benefit and others showing no significant improvement when compared with no treatment , minor intervention controls or other behavioural interventions .In the eight studies that evaluated various other interventions , there was no evidence of a clear beneficial effect of any of the interventions provided .
We found very low- quality evidence indicating that pain , recovery , disability and sick leave are similar after exercises when compared with no treatment , with minor intervention controls or with exercises provided as additional treatment to people with work-related complaints of the arm , neck or shoulder .
Low- quality evidence also showed that ergonomic interventions did not decrease pain at short-term follow-up but did decrease pain at long-term follow-up .
There was no evidence of an effect on other outcomes .
For behavioural and other interventions , there was no evidence of a consistent effect on any of the outcomes .
BACKGROUND Work-related upper limb disorder ( WRULD ) , repetitive strain injury ( RSI ) , occupational overuse syndrome ( OOS ) and work-related complaints of the arm , neck or shoulder ( CANS ) are the most frequently used umbrella terms for disorders that develop as a result of repetitive movements , awkward postures and impact of external forces such as those associated with operating vibrating tools .
Work-related CANS , which is the term we use in this review , severely hampers the working population .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of conservative interventions for work-related complaints of the arm , neck or shoulder ( CANS ) in adults on pain , function and work-related outcomes .