These have been of limited long-term effectiveness , though early intervention post-first episode psychosis appears to be more promising [ 6 ] .
Hence , the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ( CBT ) or
Background Eating disorders are understood to no longer be the remit of lean adolescent girls alone [ 1 ] , whatever pop culture offerings such as Netflix ’s To The Bone might continue to present .
Rather , people with eating disorders are much more diverse , often undiagnosed and often suffering in silence .
One patient population with a unique but poorly understood vulnerability to eating disorders , as well as obesity and poor physical health , is people with bipolar disorder .
Bipolar disorder is a complex , serious mental illness that confers significant functional impairment , primarily due to time spent in manic , depressed , or mixed state episodes , difficulty eliminating subthreshold depressive symptoms , and the financial , social and emotional sequelae of illness episodes .
One significant contributor to disability is physical ill health , with the average life expectancy of someone with bipolar disorder notably reduced due to cardiometabolic illnesses like heart disease and type two diabetes mellitus .
Furthermore , poorer physical health is associated with poorer mental health in this group , such as higher risk of depressive relapse [ 2 , 3 ] .
The past two decades has seen increased focus on preserving and improving the physical health of people with bipolar disorder , who are often prescribed long-term medication known to be conducive to weight gain [ 4 ] .
Trials of a number of interventions have attempted to implement lifestyle interventions to promote healthy eating , physical activity , and social connectedness , in order to prevent or reduce the adverse impact of obesity and improve physical health and psycho-social functioning [ 5 ] .
The role of disordered eating in contributing to physical and mental health outcomes among individuals with bipolar disorder has rarely been considered , despite the fact that approximately one in three people with bipolar disorder also meet criteria for binge eating disorder , bulimia nervosa , or variants of these disorders [ 7 , 8 ] .
Alongside studies question ing the impact of medication on weight gain in bipolar disorder [ 9 ] , identifying the role of weight-cycling in higher cardiovascular risk [ 10 ] , and showing that obesity risk pre- date s medication [ 11 ] , are reports of a link between eating disorders and high Body Mass Index ( BMI , kg/m ) [ 12 ] and evidence that baseline binge eating predicts medication-associated weight gain [ 13 ] .
With these recent developments in mind , the authors were curious about what novel interventions for eating disorders and weight disorder in bipolar disorder exist , and conducted a systematic review about their effectiveness .
In this search no treatments targeting eating disorders specifically were found to exist [ 14 ] , despite the movement of this area into the spotlight over 10 years ago [ 15 ] .
Psychotherapy for transdiagnostic binge eating: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy, appetite-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy, and schema therapy
Cognitive-behavioural therapy ( CBT ) is the recommended treatment for binge eating , yet many individuals do not recover , and innovative new treatments have been called for . The current study compares traditional CBT with two augmented versions of CBT ; schema therapy , which focuses on early life experiences as pivotal in the history of the eating disorder ; and appetite-focused CBT , which emphasises the role of recognising and responding to appetite in binge eating . 112 women with transdiagnostic DSM-IV binge eating were r and omized to the three therapies . Therapy consisted of weekly sessions for six months , followed by monthly sessions for six months . Primary outcome was the frequency of binge eating . Secondary and tertiary outcomes were other behavioural and psychological aspects of the eating disorder , and other areas of functioning . No differences among the three therapy groups were found on primary or other outcomes . Across groups , large effect sizes were found for improvement in binge eating , other eating disorder symptoms and overall functioning .  Schema therapy and appetite-focused CBT are likely to be suitable alternative treatments to traditional CBT for binge eating
These have been of limited long-term effectiveness , though early intervention post-first episode psychosis appears to be more promising [ 6 ] .
Hence , the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ( CBT ) or
Background Eating disorders are understood to no longer be the remit of lean adolescent girls alone [ 1 ] , whatever pop culture offerings such as Netflix ’s To The Bone might continue to present .
Rather , people with eating disorders are much more diverse , often undiagnosed and often suffering in silence .
One patient population with a unique but poorly understood vulnerability to eating disorders , as well as obesity and poor physical health , is people with bipolar disorder .
Bipolar disorder is a complex , serious mental illness that confers significant functional impairment , primarily due to time spent in manic , depressed , or mixed state episodes , difficulty eliminating subthreshold depressive symptoms , and the financial , social and emotional sequelae of illness episodes .
One significant contributor to disability is physical ill health , with the average life expectancy of someone with bipolar disorder notably reduced due to cardiometabolic illnesses like heart disease and type two diabetes mellitus .
Furthermore , poorer physical health is associated with poorer mental health in this group , such as higher risk of depressive relapse [ 2 , 3 ] .
The past two decades has seen increased focus on preserving and improving the physical health of people with bipolar disorder , who are often prescribed long-term medication known to be conducive to weight gain [ 4 ] .
Trials of a number of interventions have attempted to implement lifestyle interventions to promote healthy eating , physical activity , and social connectedness , in order to prevent or reduce the adverse impact of obesity and improve physical health and psycho-social functioning [ 5 ] .
The role of disordered eating in contributing to physical and mental health outcomes among individuals with bipolar disorder has rarely been considered , despite the fact that approximately one in three people with bipolar disorder also meet criteria for binge eating disorder , bulimia nervosa , or variants of these disorders [ 7 , 8 ] .
Alongside studies question ing the impact of medication on weight gain in bipolar disorder [ 9 ] , identifying the role of weight-cycling in higher cardiovascular risk [ 10 ] , and showing that obesity risk pre- date s medication [ 11 ] , are reports of a link between eating disorders and high Body Mass Index ( BMI , kg/m ) [ 12 ] and evidence that baseline binge eating predicts medication-associated weight gain [ 13 ] .
With these recent developments in mind , the authors were curious about what novel interventions for eating disorders and weight disorder in bipolar disorder exist , and conducted a systematic review about their effectiveness .
In this search no treatments targeting eating disorders specifically were found to exist [ 14 ] , despite the movement of this area into the spotlight over 10 years ago [ 15 ] .