In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Consumption of artificial sweetener- and sugar-containing soda and risk of lymphoma and leukemia in men and women.
BACKGROUND Despite safety reports of the artificial sweetener aspartame , health-related concerns remain . OBJECTIVE We prospect ively evaluated whether the consumption of aspartame- and sugar-containing soda is associated with  risk of hematopoetic cancers .  DESIGN We repeatedly assessed diet in the Nurses ' Health Study ( NHS ) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study ( HPFS ) . Over 22 y , we identified 1324 non-Hodgkin lymphomas ( NHLs ) , 285 multiple myelomas , and 339 leukemias . We calculated incidence RRs and 95 % CIs by using Cox proportional hazards models . RESULTS When the 2 cohorts were combined , there was no significant association between soda intake and risks of NHL and multiple myeloma . However , in men , ≥1 daily serving of diet soda  increased risks of NHL ( RR : 1.31 ; 95 % CI : 1.01 , 1.72 ) and multiple myeloma ( RR : 2.02 ; 95 % CI : 1.20 , 3.40 ) in comparison with men who did not consume diet soda . We observed no increased risks of NHL and multiple myeloma in women . We also observed an unexpected elevated risk of NHL ( RR : 1.66 ; 95 % CI : 1.10 , 2.51 ) with a higher consumption of regular , sugar-sweetened soda in men but not in women . In contrast , when sexes were analyzed separately with limited power , neither regular nor diet soda  increased risk of leukemia but were associated with increased leukemia risk when data for men and women were combined ( RR for consumption of ≥1 serving of diet soda/d when the 2 cohorts were pooled : 1.42 ; 95 % CI : 1.00 , 2.02 ) . CONCLUSION Although our findings preserve the possibility of a detrimental effect of a constituent of diet soda , such as aspartame , on select cancers , the inconsistent sex effects and occurrence of an apparent cancer risk in individuals who consume regular soda do not permit the ruling out of chance as an explanation
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .