Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Adolescents' Responses to Anti-tobacco Advertising: Exploring the Role of Adolescents' Smoking Status and Advertisement Theme
Anti-smoking media directed at adolescents use many different message themes , but little evidence exists as to which is most effective . Additionally , little is known about how teens who smoke respond to anti-tobacco ads . This study examined smoking and nonsmoking adolescents ' responses to three popular thematic approaches : ( 1 ) endangering others , ( 2 ) negative life circumstances , and ( 3 ) industry manipulation .  Sixteen groups of high school students ( total N = 488 ) were r and omly assigned in a balanced fashion to one of three anti-tobacco ad conditions or a control condition . Outcome variables included adolescents ' immediate emotional and cognitive responses , and intentions to smoke . Adolescents exposed to negative life circumstances ads reported lower intentions to smoke than those exposed to control and industry manipulation ads . Additionally , adolescents ' responses differed based on smoking status . Smokers liked the ads less and had fewer positive and more negative thoughts . Findings suggest a media campaign focusing on negative life circumstances can be an effective component of a tobacco control program aim ed at adolescents . Mechanisms through which the negative life circumstances ads influence adolescents ' intentions to smoke are discussed . Findings also suggest that smokers respond differently to anti-tobacco ads , and their responses need to be considered when developing effective anti-tobacco advertising campaigns
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .