There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial
Background : High-intensity progressive resistance training ( PRT ) improves adiposity and metabolic risk in adults , but has not been investigated in children within a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) . Objective : We hypothesized that high-intensity PRT ( 8 weeks , twice a week ) would decrease central adiposity in children , as assessed via waist circumference . Methods Design / Setting / Participants : Concealed r and omization stratified by age and gender was used to allocate rural New Zeal and school students to the wait-list control or PRT group . Intervention : Participants were prescribed two sets ( eight repetitions per set ) of 11 exercises targeting all the major muscle groups at high intensity . Primary Outcome : Waist circumference ; secondary outcomes included whole body fat , muscular fitness ( one repetition maximum ) , cardiorespiratory fitness ( peak oxygen consumption during a treadmill test ) , lipids , insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose . Results : Of the 78 children ( 32 girls and 46 boys ; mean age 12.2(1.3 ) years ) , 51 % were either overweight ( 33 % ) or obese ( 18 % ) . High-intensity PRT significantly improved waist circumference ( mean change PRT −0.8 ( 2.2 ) cm vs + 0.5 ( 1.7 ) cm control ; F=7.59 , P=0.008 ) , fat mass ( mean change PRT + 0.2 ( 1.4 ) kg vs + 1.0 ( 1.2 ) kg control ; F=6.00 , P=0.017 ) , percent body fat ( mean change PRT –0.3 (1.8)% vs + 1.2 (2.1)% control ; F=9.04 , P=0.004 ) , body mass index ( mean change PRT −0.01 ( 0.8 ) kg m−2 vs + 0.4 ( 0.7 ) kg m−2 control ; F=6.02 , P=0.017 ) , upper body strength ( mean change PRT+11.6(6.1 ) kg vs + 2.9(3.7 ) kg control ; F=48.6 , P<0.001 ) and lower body strength ( mean change PRT + 42.9(26.6 ) kg vs + 28.5(26.6 ) kg control ; F=4.72 , P=0.034 ) compared to the control group . Waist circumference decreased the most in those with the greatest baseline relative strength ( r=−0.257 , P=0.036 ) , and greatest relative ( r=−0.400 , P=0.001 ) and absolute ( r=0.340 , P=0.006 ) strength gains during the intervention . Conclusion : Isolated high-intensity PRT significantly improves central and whole body adiposity in association with muscle strength in normal-weight and overweight children . The clinical relevance and sustainability of these changes in adiposity should be addressed in future long-term studies
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .