Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Diet and exercise in the treatment of obesity: effects of 3 interventions on insulin resistance.
BACKGROUND In short-term studies , diet and exercise both improve insulin sensitivity . OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of a 48-week supervised diet and exercise program on weight and insulin sensitivity after initial weight loss and weight maintenance , and then subsequent weight regain over 96 weeks . METHODS Forty-five obese women were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups : ( 1 ) diet alone , ( 2 ) diet and aerobic training , and ( 3 ) diet and strength training . All subjects received the same 48-week group behavior modification program and diet ( approximately 3879 kJ/d [ approximately 925 kcal/d ] for the first 16 weeks ; approximately 6276 kJ/d [ approximately 1500 kca/d ] thereafter ) . Exercising subjects were provided 3 supervised exercise sessions per week for the first 28 weeks and 2 sessions weekly until week 48 . During weeks 48 to 96 , subjects were unsupervised . Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and weeks 16 , 24 , 44 , and 96 . RESULTS Subjects across the 3 conditions achieved a mean weight loss of 13.8 kg by week 16 , which was associated with decreased insulin levels ( 61.8 % of baseline ) There were no significant differences among groups in changes in body mass index , which is a measure of weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters , weight , glucose tolerance , or insulin levels at weeks 16 , 24 , and 44 . No additional beneficial effect of aerobic or strength exercise on insulin resistance , as reflected by serum insulin levels before and after a glucose load , was demonstrated . The 22 subjects who were studied at week 96 maintained a loss of approximately 10 % of initial weight . Insulin levels , however , had returned to pretreatment levels . CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the beneficial effect of weight reduction on hyperinsulinemia in obese individuals . Participation in supervised exercise did not result in additional improvement in weight loss or insulin sensitivity . We also observed a marked increase in insulin levels with only partial weight regain . Determining the amount of sustained weight loss necessary for continued improvement in insulin sensitivity will require further study
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .