Results of systematic review s and meta-analyses of r and omized controlled trials have shown that both systemic estrogen therapy or hormone therapy ( estrogen combined with a progestin ) are useful to prevent bone loss , and they are the most effective treatment for such climacteric symptoms as hot flushes , sweating , vaginal dryness , and dyspareunia .
The combination of a SERM with estrogen as a tissue selective estrogen complex ( TSEC ) is a new strategy for the prevention of bone loss and the treatment of climacteric symptoms .
This combination is particularly interesting from a clinical point of view , taking into account that estrogen alone did not increase breast cancer risk by the Women 's Health Initiative .
TSEC is hypothesized to provide the benefits of estrogen-alone therapy , with an improved tolerability profile because the SERM component can make possible the elimination of progestin .
The conclusion is that effectively , the combination of bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens may be a promising alternative to hormone therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis and the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms in non-hysterectomized postmenopausal women
Decreasing levels of estrogens during menopause are associated with reduced bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis .
Many women also experience bothersome vasomotor and vaginal symptoms during the menopausal transition .
Unfortunately , estrogen therapy and hormone therapy increase the risk of endometrial and breast cancer , respectively .
The selective estrogen receptor modulators ( SERMs ) result in positive estrogenic effects on bone , with no negative effects on the endometrium and breast but do not provide relief from postmenopausal symptoms .
The objective of this review was to critically evaluate the evidence from the reports published to date on the use of bazedoxifene ( a third-generation SERM ) in combination with conjugated estrogens in postmenopausal women .
A longitudinal study of the treatment of hot flushes: the population study of women in Gothenburg during a quarter of a century
Objective To describe the prevalence and treatment of hot flushes in premenopausal and postmenopausal women from the 1960s to the 1990s . Design This prospect i ve study , based on a r and om sample of the total female population of 430,000 in Gothenburg , Sweden , was started in 1968 , with follow-ups in 1974 , 1980 , and 1992 . The participants were 1,462 women born in 1930 , 1922 , 1918 , 1914 , and 1908 ( participation rate 90.1 % ) who were representative of women of the same age in the general population . For the purpose of analyzing secular trends , we included 122 participants who were 38 years old and 47 who were 50 years old in 1980–1981 .  Results The prevalence of hot flushes increased from ∼11 % at 38 years to a maximal prevalence of ∼60 % at 52 to 54 years of age , then declined successively from ∼30 % at 60 years of age to ∼15 % at 66 years of age , and then to ∼9 % at 72 years of age . The predominant type of medication being prescribed changed during the observation period from sedatives/anticholinergic drugs in the 1960s to hormone replacement therapy in the 1980s . Hormone replacement therapy was considered to be an effective form of treatment for hot flushes by 70 % to 87 % of the women . Conclusions Hot flushes were a common symptom , with a maximal prevalence of 64 % at 54 years of age . Medical consultation and treatment did not increase in 50-year-old women from 1968–1969 to 1980–1981 . Treatment changed and became more effective during the observation period
Results of systematic review s and meta-analyses of r and omized controlled trials have shown that both systemic estrogen therapy or hormone therapy ( estrogen combined with a progestin ) are useful to prevent bone loss , and they are the most effective treatment for such climacteric symptoms as hot flushes , sweating , vaginal dryness , and dyspareunia .
The combination of a SERM with estrogen as a tissue selective estrogen complex ( TSEC ) is a new strategy for the prevention of bone loss and the treatment of climacteric symptoms .
This combination is particularly interesting from a clinical point of view , taking into account that estrogen alone did not increase breast cancer risk by the Women 's Health Initiative .
TSEC is hypothesized to provide the benefits of estrogen-alone therapy , with an improved tolerability profile because the SERM component can make possible the elimination of progestin .
The conclusion is that effectively , the combination of bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens may be a promising alternative to hormone therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis and the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms in non-hysterectomized postmenopausal women
Decreasing levels of estrogens during menopause are associated with reduced bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis .
Many women also experience bothersome vasomotor and vaginal symptoms during the menopausal transition .
Unfortunately , estrogen therapy and hormone therapy increase the risk of endometrial and breast cancer , respectively .
The selective estrogen receptor modulators ( SERMs ) result in positive estrogenic effects on bone , with no negative effects on the endometrium and breast but do not provide relief from postmenopausal symptoms .
The objective of this review was to critically evaluate the evidence from the reports published to date on the use of bazedoxifene ( a third-generation SERM ) in combination with conjugated estrogens in postmenopausal women .