As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Effect of exercise intervention on endothelial function and incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
AIM The effects of exercise intervention and to assess its long-term efficacy in preventing subsequent cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes were little known on r and omized controlled trial . METHODS Thirty-eight type 2 diabetic patients ( 21 men and 17 women ) were assigned to either the exercise group ( n=21 ) or the control group without exercise training ( n=17 ) by simple r and omization . The exercise training group was scheduled for aerobic and resistance exercise programs for 3 months . After the 3-month , we investigated endothelial function , insulin resistance , adipocytokines and inflammatory markers . The endothelial function was evaluated by examining a flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation ( FMD ) . Furthermore , we followed the incidence of cardiovascular events for 24 months . RESULTS After 3-month , HbA1C was decreased significantly in both groups . FMD was increased from 7.3+/-4.7 % to 10.9+/-6.2 % only in the exercise group ( p<0.05 ) . Long-term follow-up data showed that the control group developed cardiovascular events more frequently than did the exercise group ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Exercise improves endothelial dysfunction independently of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes . The beneficial effects of 3-month exercise to reduce cardiovascular events persist for 24 months
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .