68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
A cluster randomized trial to evaluate physician/pharmacist collaboration to improve blood pressure control.
This was a prospect i ve , cluster r and omized controlled trial in patients with uncontrolled hypertension aged 21 to 85 years ( mean , 61 years ) .  Pharmacists made recommendations to physicians for patients in the intervention clinics ( n=101 ) but not patients in the control clinics ( n=78 ) . The mean adjusted difference in systolic blood pressure ( BP ) between the control and intervention groups was 8.7 mm Hg ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 4.4 - 12.9 ) , while the difference in diastolic BP was 5.4 mm Hg ( CI , 2.8 - 8.0 ) at 9 months . The 24-hour BP levels showed similar effects , with a mean systolic BP level that was 8.8 mm Hg lower ( CI , 5.0 - 12.6 ) and a mean diastolic BP level that was 4.6 mm Hg ( CI , 2.4 - 6.8 ) lower in the intervention group . BP was controlled in 89.1 % of patients in the intervention group and 52.9 % in the control group ( adjusted odds ratio , 8.9 ; CI , 3.8 - 20.7 ; P<.001 ) . Physician/pharmacist collaboration achieved significantly better mean BP values and overall BP control rates , primarily by intensification of medication therapy and improving patient adherence
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .