D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .
Lifestyle Changes May Reverse Development of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study: a randomized trial
OBJECTIVE To compare and assess the single and joint effect of diet and exercise intervention for 1 year on insulin resistance and the development leading toward the insulin resistance syndrome . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An unmasked , r and omized 2 × 2 factorial intervention trial was applied with a duration of 1 year for each participant . The trial comprised 219 men and women with diastolic blood pressure of 86–99 mmHg , HDL cholesterol < 1.20 mmol/l , triglycerides > 1.4 mmol/l , total cholesterol of 5.20–7.74 mmol/l , and BMI > 24 kg/m2 . Participants were r and omly allocated to diet group ( n = 35 ) , diet and exercise group ( n = 67 ) , exercise group ( n = 54 ) , and control group ( n = 43 ) . The diet included increased intake of fish and reduced total fat intake . The exercise program entailed supervised endurance exercise three times a week . Baseline cross-sectional changes and 1-year changes in insulin resistance , fasting serum levels of insulin , C-peptide , proinsulin , glucose , and lipids as well as weight , mean blood pressure , and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI-1 ) values were recorded . RESULTS The cross-sectional results at baseline showed significant correlations between the calculated insulin resistance and BMI ( r = 0.54 ) and correlations between the mean blood pressure ( mBP ) ( r = 0.26 ) and PAI-1 ( r = 0.40 ) . The 1-year diet intervention gave a significant decrease in the calculated insulin resistance from 4.6 to 4.2 and a positive correlation between the changes in insulin resistance and changes in BMI ( r = 0.40 ) . The diet and exercise intervention also led to significantly decreased insulin resistance ( from 5.0 to 4.0 ) . The exercise intervention did not significantly change insulin resistance . CONCLUSIONS The cross-sectional and 1-year intervention results supported each other and underscored the important connection between increased BMI and the development leading toward the insulin resistance syndrome
D and PA+D  interventions had larger effects on glucose reduction  than PA alone .
Lifestyle  interventions significantly improved FPG , HbA1c , FI , HOMA-IR , and bodyweight among adults without IGT or diabetes , and might reduce progression of hyperglycemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study systematic ally assessed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on glycemic indicators among adults ( ⩾18years ) without IGT or diabetes .