Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .
Improved bonding of zirconia substructures to resin using a "glaze-on" technique.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of applying thin intermediary coatings of acid-etchable glasses on the shear bond strength between a methacrylate resin based cement and an yttria-stabilized zirconia dental ceramic substrate . METHODS The upper and lower surfaces of 110 sintered yttria-stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline disc-shaped specimens were polished using sequential grade s of Silicon Carbide , then air-abraded with 25 μm diameter alumina particles . Specimens were r and omly allocated to 11 groups ( A-K ) ( n=10 ) , group A acting as control . The upper surface of Group A specimens was subjected to a tribochemical coating regime ( CoJet , 3 M ESPE ) . Five glazing ceramics were applied and fired according to the manufacturer 's recommended firing regime . The glaze was etched with 10 % HF acid and all specimens coated with a silane primer . Two differing storage regimes were employed ( wet storage vs thermocycling ) . Shear bond strength testing specimens were created by cementing resin-based composite cylinders to the centre of the prepared ceramic surface using Rely-X Unicem ( 3 M ESPE ) resin based cement . Shear bond strength testing was performed and load at failure recorded . RESULTS A factorial analysis of variance at a 95 % significance level demonstrated that all glazing techniques result ed in a significant increase in the shear bond strength compared with using the resin based cement alone ( P<0.01 ) , with the different glazing ceramics result ing in significant differences in mean shear bond strength ( P=0.008 ) . The differences were a function of the storage state ( wet storage vs thermocycling ( P=0.013 ) ) . CONCLUSION The glazing techniques used in the current investigation result ed in a significantly enhanced shear bond stress to the resin based cement when compared with the current ' gold st and ard ' - tribochemical coating
Airborne-particle abrasion and tribochemical silica coating are reference pretreatment methods .
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With a number of  zirconia ceramic material s currently available for clinical use , an overview of the scientific literature on the adhesion methods and their potential influence is indicated .
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and analyze the existing methods and material s proposed to improve adhesion to zirconia surfaces .
Adhesive monomers are necessary for chemical bonding .
Surface contamination and aging have negative effects on adhesion to zirconia .