Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .
Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension.
BACKGROUND n-3 Fatty acids lower blood pressure , improve lipids , and benefit other cardiovascular disease risk factors . Effects on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes are uncertain . OBJECTIVE We determined whether purified eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) have differential effects on glycemic control , including insulin sensitivity and stimulated insulin secretion ; 24-h ambulatory blood pressure ; and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension . DESIGN In a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of parallel design , 59 subjects were r and omly assigned to consume 4 g EPA , DHA , or olive oil/d for 6 wk while continuing to consume their usual diet . RESULTS Thirty-nine men and 12 postmenopausal women with a mean ( + /- SE ) age of 61.2 + /- 1.2 y completed the study . In comparison with the change from baseline in fasting glucose in the olive oil group , fasting glucose in the EPA and DHA groups increased 1.40 + /- 0.29 mmol/L ( P = 0.002 ) and 0.98 + /- 0.29 mmol/L ( P = 0.002 ) , respectively . Neither EPA nor DHA had significant effects on glycated hemoglobin , fasting insulin or C-peptide , insulin sensitivity or secretion , or blood pressure . Serum triacylglycerols in the EPA and DHA groups decreased 19 % ( P = 0.022 ) and 15 % ( P = 0.022 ) , respectively . There were no significant changes in serum total , LDL , or HDL cholesterol , although HDL(2 ) cholesterol in the EPA and DHA groups increased 16 % ( P = 0.026 ) and 12 % ( P = 0.05 ) , respectively . HDL(3 ) cholesterol decreased 11 % ( P = 0.026 ) with EPA supplementation . CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA had similar benefits on lipids but adverse effects on short-term glycemic control in hypertensive diabetic patients . The overall implication s for cardiovascular disease require long-term evaluation
Combining 21 trials evaluating lipid outcomes , fish oil consumption result ed in a summary net change in triglycerides of -27 ( 95 % CI -33 , -20)mg/dL , in HDL cholesterol of + 1.6 ( 95 % CI + 0.8 , + 2.3)mg/dL , and in LDL cholesterol of + 6 ( 95 % CI + 3 , + 8)mg/dL. There was no effect of fish oil on total cholesterol .
Across studies , higher fish oil dose and higher baseline levels were associated with greater reductions in serum triglycerides .
The evidence supports a dose-dependent beneficial effect of fish oil on serum triglycerides , particularly among people with more elevated levels .
Fish oil consumption also modestly improves HDL cholesterol , increases LDL cholesterol levels , but does not appear to adversely affect glucose homeostasis .
The evidence regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on hs-CRP is inconclusive , as are data on ALA
Greater fish oil consumption has been associated with reduced CVD risk , although the mechanisms are unclear .
Plant- source oil omega-3 fatty acids ( ALA ) have also been studied regarding their cardiovascular effect .