In addition , there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults .
There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD .
Conclusions : On the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings , the apparent association between indexes of liver health ( ie , liver fat , hepatic de novo lipogenesis , alanine aminotransferase , AST , and γ-glutamyl transpeptase ) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake .
Overall , the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose , HFCS , or sucrose consumption on NAFLD
Background : Concerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes , especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) in the United States .
Objective : We examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans .
Thymosin alpha 1 attenuates lipid peroxidation and improves fructose-induced steatohepatitis in rats.
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thymosin alpha(1 ) ( Talpha(1 ) ) in rats having fructose-induced steatosis . Fructose leads to experimental steatosis in the liver by exerting its effect on some components of the oxidant/antioxidant system , and on several cytokines ( interleukin-1beta , -2 , and -6 ) in blood . METHODS Twenty-four rats at r and om were divided into three groups ( each group containing eight animals ) ; the control group ( C ) , which received a purified diet ; the high-fructose-fed group ( F ) ; and the high-fructose-fed and Talpha(1 ) injected group ( F + T ) . After the experimental period of 10 days , liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status , and blood IL-1beta , IL-2 , and IL-6 levels were quantified . RESULTS In comparison with the C group , the F group had a higher nitric oxide ( NO ) level , xanthine oxidase ( XO ) activity , and lipid peroxidation , as indicated by concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBARS ) , and lower superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) activities in the liver . In the F + T group , these markers were near the values of the control group . In addition , increased IL-1beta and IL-6 levels were kept at near to normal levels with treatment of Talpha(1 ) , but not IL-2 levels . In the F group , the most consistent findings in the histologic sections of liver tissues were the macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis .  Talpha(1 ) treatment protected the majority of the liver cells , while minimal macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis was observed in the remaining cells . CONCLUSIONS These results show that a high-fructose diet in rats leads to hepatic steatosis and a defect in the free radical defense system , and that treatment of Talpha(1 ) may improve these biochemical and morphologic changes in the fructose-fed rat livers
In addition , there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults .
There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD .
Conclusions : On the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings , the apparent association between indexes of liver health ( ie , liver fat , hepatic de novo lipogenesis , alanine aminotransferase , AST , and γ-glutamyl transpeptase ) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake .
Overall , the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose , HFCS , or sucrose consumption on NAFLD
Background : Concerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes , especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) in the United States .
Objective : We examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans .