Botox and CCBs were equivalent to GTN in efficacy with fewer adverse events .
No medical therapy came close to the efficacy of surgical sphincterotomy , though none in these RCTs was associated with the risk of incontinence .
Medical therapy for chronic anal fissure , acute fissure and fissure in children may be applied with a chance of cure that is marginally better than placebo , and , for chronic fissure in adults , far less effective than surgery
BACKGROUND Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence , medical alternatives for surgery have been sought .
Most recently , pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle , to accomplish reversibly what occurs in surgery , have been used to obtain fissure healing .
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and morbidity of various medical therapies for anal fissure .
Comparative study of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus local 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
The gold st and ard surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure is lateral internal sphincterotomy which lowers the resting anal pressure and effectively heals the majority of fissures . Local application of 0.2 % glyceryl trinitrate ointment has been used as an agent for chemical sphincterotomy , causing temporary alleviation of sphincter spasm and allowing the fissure to heal without compromising the anal continence . The aim of the present study was to compare the results of surgical sphincterotomy with that of local 0.2 % glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure . Seventy adult patients between the age of 18 and 50 years with chronic anal fissure were r and omized in a prospect i ve trial to receive either surgical sphincterotomy or 0.2 % glyceryl trinitrate ointment locally . Patients were followed up at 2 weeks ' interval for 10 weeks . Symptom relief , fissure healing and continence scores were the outcomes assessed . Six patients were excluded for protocol violations .  Surgical sphincterotomy was significantly more effective in providing pain relief and was associated with significantly better fissure healing rates at 6 weeks and 10 weeks ( both p < 0.001 ) . There were substantial problems with compliance in ointment group related to slow healing and longer time needed for symptomatic relief . Minor incontinence was 6 % in sphincterotomy group and none in ointment group ( p > 0.05 ) . Considering early symptomatic relief , rapid fissure healing and better patient compliance  surgical sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure
Botox and CCBs were equivalent to GTN in efficacy with fewer adverse events .
No medical therapy came close to the efficacy of surgical sphincterotomy , though none in these RCTs was associated with the risk of incontinence .
Medical therapy for chronic anal fissure , acute fissure and fissure in children may be applied with a chance of cure that is marginally better than placebo , and , for chronic fissure in adults , far less effective than surgery
BACKGROUND Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence , medical alternatives for surgery have been sought .
Most recently , pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle , to accomplish reversibly what occurs in surgery , have been used to obtain fissure healing .
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and morbidity of various medical therapies for anal fissure .