Whilst there was only a limited pool of relatively small trials and a number of different compounds , we found that collectively , both AChEIs ( donepezil and rivastigmine ) and stimulants ( methylpheni date , modafinil , l‐amphetamine sulfate and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate ) offered no significant benefits over placebo on measures of processing speed , working memory , verbal fluency , verbal memory , visuospatial memory or executive functioning
HighlightsCognitive deficits are present in up to 70 % of people with multiple sclerosis (MS).There are no approved treatments for these difficulties .
We examined whether adjunctive pharmacotherapies can improve cognition in MS.Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors offered no significant benefits over placebo .
Stimulant‐based medications offered no significant benefits over placebo .
& NA ; We sought to examine the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) and stimulant‐based medications for improving cognitive performance in patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) .
Ginkgo biloba for the improvement of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis
Objectives To determine if Ginkgo biloba ( GB ) improves the cognitive performance of subjects with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) . Methods R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of GB , 120 mg twice a day or placebo for 12 weeks . The primary outcomes were : the long delay free recall from the California Verbal Learning Test-II ; the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test ; the Controlled Oral Word Association Test ; the Symbol Digit Modalities Test ; Useful Field of View Test ; and the color-word interference condition from the Stroop Color and Word Test . Results On completion , the GB group ( n=20 ) was 4.5 seconds ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ( 7.6 , 0.9 ) , P=0.015 ) faster than the placebo group ( n=18 ) on the color-word interference condition of the Stroop test . Subjects who were more impaired at baseline experienced more improvement with GB ( treatment*baseline interaction , F=8.10 , P=0.008 ) . We found no differences on the other neuropsychological tests . Subjects on GB reported fewer cognitive difficulties in the Retrospective Memory Scale of the Perceived Deficits Question naire than subjects on placebo ( 1.5 points , 95 % CI ( 2.6 , 0.3 ) , P=0.016 ) . No serious drug related side-effects occurred and GB did not alter platelet function assays . Conclusion Overall , GB did not show a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function . A treatment effect trend , limited to the Stroop test , suggests that GB may have an effect on cognitive domains assessed by this test , such as susceptibility to interference and mental flexibility . Multiple Sclerosis 2007 ; 13 : 376 - 385 .
Whilst there was only a limited pool of relatively small trials and a number of different compounds , we found that collectively , both AChEIs ( donepezil and rivastigmine ) and stimulants ( methylpheni date , modafinil , l‐amphetamine sulfate and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate ) offered no significant benefits over placebo on measures of processing speed , working memory , verbal fluency , verbal memory , visuospatial memory or executive functioning
HighlightsCognitive deficits are present in up to 70 % of people with multiple sclerosis (MS).There are no approved treatments for these difficulties .
We examined whether adjunctive pharmacotherapies can improve cognition in MS.Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors offered no significant benefits over placebo .
Stimulant‐based medications offered no significant benefits over placebo .
& NA ; We sought to examine the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) and stimulant‐based medications for improving cognitive performance in patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) .