IATs improve intracanal cleanliness across a substantial portion of the canal , and therefore , their use is recommended throughout root canal preparation .
AIMS To establish whether irrigant activation techniques ( IATs ) result in greater intracanal smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation ( CNI ) .
Efficacy of irrigation systems on penetration of sodium hypochlorite to working length and to simulated uninstrumented areas in oval shaped root canals.
AIM To assess the ability of sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) to penetrate simulated lateral canals and to reach working length ( WL ) when using the self-adjusting file ( SAF ) . METHODOLOGY Seventy single-rooted teeth with oval-shaped canals were used . Upon access , presence of a single canal was confirmed by direct visualization under a dental-operating microscope . Canal length and patency were obtained using a size 10 K-file and root length st and ardized to 18 mm . Pre-enlargement was restricted to the coronal one-third . The apical size of each canal was gauged at WL and sample s larger than size 30 were excluded . Canals were instrumented for 5 min using the SAF system while delivering a total of 20 mL of 5.25 % NaOCl and 5 mL of 17 % EDTA . Then , the apical diameters were st and ardized to size 35 using h and files . Four hundred and twenty simulated lateral canals were then created during the clearing process and roots coated with wax to create a closed system . All sample s were then cleared and r and omly assigned to four experimental groups : 1 ( n = 15 ) positive pressure ; 2 ( n = 15 ) SAF without pecking motion ; 3 ( n = 15 ) SAF with pecking motion ; 4 ( n = 15 ) apical negative pressure ( ANP ) irrigation and ( n = 10 ) control groups . Sample s were scored on the basis of the ability of the contrast solution to reach WL and permeate into the simulated lateral canals to at least 50 % of the total length . The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse irrigant penetration and the Tukey test to determine statistical differences between groups ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS All sample s irrigated with ANP were associated with irrigant penetration to WL ( Table 1 ) . The differences between group 4 ( ANP ) and all other groups were significant in penetration to WL ( P < 0.05 ) . The pecking motion allowed for further penetration of the irrigant when using the SAF system but failed to irrigate at WL . None of the experimental groups demonstrated predictable irrigation of simulated lateral canals . CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory model , ANP was the only delivery system capable of irrigating consistently to full WL . None of the systems tested produced complete irrigation in artificial lateral canals
IATs improve intracanal cleanliness across a substantial portion of the canal , and therefore , their use is recommended throughout root canal preparation .
AIMS To establish whether irrigant activation techniques ( IATs ) result in greater intracanal smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation ( CNI ) .