There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .
Effect of fruit restriction on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes – a randomized trial
Background Medical nutrition therapy is recognized as an important treatment option in type 2 diabetes . Most guidelines recommend eating a diet with a high intake of fiber-rich food including fruit . This is based on the many positive effects of fruit on human health . However some health professionals have concerns that fruit intake has a negative impact on glycemic control and therefore recommend restricting the fruit intake . We found no studies addressing this important clinical question . The objective was to investigate whether an advice to reduce the intake of fruit to patients with type 2 diabetes affects HbA1c , bodyweight , waist circumference and fruit intake . Methods This was an open r and omized controlled trial with two parallel groups . The primary outcome was a change in HbA1c during 12 weeks of intervention . Participants were r and omized to one of two interventions ; medical nutrition therapy + advice to consume at least two pieces of fruit a day ( high-fruit ) or medical nutrition therapy + advice to consume no more than two pieces of fruit a day ( low-fruit ) . All participants had two consultations with a registered dietitian . Fruit intake was self-reported using 3-day fruit records and dietary recalls . All assessment s were made by the “ intention to treat ” principle . Results The study population consisted of 63 men and women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes . All patients completed the trial . The high-fruit group increased fruit intake with 125 grams ( CI 95 % ; 78 to 172 ) and the low-fruit group reduced intake with 51 grams ( CI 95 % ; -18 to −83 ) . HbA1c decreased in both groups with no difference between the groups ( diff . : 0.19 % , CI 95 % ; -0.23 to 0.62 ) . Both groups reduced body weight and waist circumference , however there was no difference between the groups . Conclusions A recommendation to reduce fruit intake as part of st and ard medical nutrition therapy in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes result ed in eating less fruit . It had however no effect on HbA1c , weight loss or waist circumference . We recommend that the intake of fruit should not be restricted in patients with type 2 diabetes . Trial registration http://www . clinical trials.gov ; Identifier : NCT01010594
There was interaction by food source , with specific food sources showing beneficial effects ( fruit and fruit juice ) or harmful effects ( sweetened milk and mixed sources ) in substitution studies and harmful effects ( sugars‐sweetened beverages and fruit juice ) in addition studies on at least one outcome .
Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycaemic control .
Although most food sources of these sugars ( especially fruit ) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients , several food sources of fructose‐containing sugars ( especially sugars‐sweetened beverages ) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects .
Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose‐containing sugars  on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control .