METHODS The results of recent systematic review s are discussed and supplemented with relevant literature not included in these review s. PubMed was search ed for the years 2006 - 2011 for additional topics not sufficiently covered by the review s. RESULTS PA was associated with lower blood pressure and a healthier lipid blood profile in children .
The association was stronger when a composite risk factor score was analysed , and the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were even stronger .
Muscle strength and endurance exercise each had an effect on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity even if the effect was smaller for muscle strength than for aerobic exercise .
New evidence suggests possible effects of PA  on C-reactive protein .
CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence that PA can have beneficial effects on the risk factors of CVD in children .
BACKGROUND A number of recent systematic review s have result ed in changes in international recommendations for children 's participation in physical activity ( PA ) for health .
The World Health Authority ( WHO ) has recently released new recommendations .
The WHO still recommends 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , but also emphasises that these minutes should be on top of everyday physical activities .
Everyday physical activities total around 30 min of MVPA in the quintile of the least active children , which means that the new recommendations constitute more activity in total compared with earlier recommendations .
OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence justifying new PA recommendation for cardiovascular health in children .
Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factors including maximal oxygen uptake and physical activity from late teenage to adulthood. An 8-year follow-up study.
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyse changes in coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood , and how changes in risk factors relate to changes in lifestyle . DESIGN A r and omized sample of school children was tested in 1983 and followed-up 8 years later . In 1983 a dropout of 0.7 % was found and the sample was representative of 16 - 19-year-old Danes . SUBJECTS Subjects followed-up 8 years later ( two-thirds of the original sample ) were 88 male and 115 female 15 - 19-year-old school children attending 18 high schools , nine vocational and nine trade schools , throughout Denmark . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES  Height  ,  body weight , body fat , occupation  and  coronary heart  disease  risk factors including physical activity ( PA ) , fitness , blood pressure ( BP ) , serum cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , triglyceride ( TG ) and smoking habits were assessed . RESULTS In males all risk factors increased : the increases in total cholesterol level and systolic and diastolic BP were large , 0.85 mmol l-1 and 11 mmHg , respectively . In females , the risk for some factors increased ( total cholesterol and BP ) , others decreased ( higher HDL cholesterol ) , and triglyceride did not change . Significant tracking was found in both sexes , with the highest correlation coefficients in men . A total risk score was calculated by categorizing risk factors into six groups--1 to 6 - - and then adding the scores . Pearson correlation between the total risk scores in 1983 and 1991 in men was r = 0.67 ( P < 0.001 ) . Only a weak association was found for the total risk score in women . Nearly 50 % of the boys , who were initially in the upper quintile of risk , were still in the upper quintile 8 years later for most risk factors . In men , the changes in risk factors were related to social factors . Blue-collar workers and the unemployed had the highest increase in risk factors , and the largest decrease in VO2max ( ml min-1 kg-1 ) when analysed together . In both sexes the best relationship between 1983 and 1991 values was found in body mass index ( BMI ) . Leisure time physical activity ( PA ) and triglyceride ( TG ) had a low correlation between 1983 and 1991 values . Physical activity had a non-significant correlation over time for women , indicating that PA in 1983 did not predict PA in 1991 at all . CONCLUSION Coronary heart disease risk factors tracked in both males and females , but only in males was a strong relationship found for total risk from adolescence to young adulthood , indicating the influence of a poor lifestyle in high-risk men . Lower social status related to higher risk
METHODS The results of recent systematic review s are discussed and supplemented with relevant literature not included in these review s. PubMed was search ed for the years 2006 - 2011 for additional topics not sufficiently covered by the review s. RESULTS PA was associated with lower blood pressure and a healthier lipid blood profile in children .
The association was stronger when a composite risk factor score was analysed , and the associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were even stronger .
Muscle strength and endurance exercise each had an effect on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity even if the effect was smaller for muscle strength than for aerobic exercise .
New evidence suggests possible effects of PA  on C-reactive protein .
CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence that PA can have beneficial effects on the risk factors of CVD in children .
BACKGROUND A number of recent systematic review s have result ed in changes in international recommendations for children 's participation in physical activity ( PA ) for health .
The World Health Authority ( WHO ) has recently released new recommendations .
The WHO still recommends 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , but also emphasises that these minutes should be on top of everyday physical activities .
Everyday physical activities total around 30 min of MVPA in the quintile of the least active children , which means that the new recommendations constitute more activity in total compared with earlier recommendations .
OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence justifying new PA recommendation for cardiovascular health in children .