Meta-regression did not show any significant association between the RR for NEC or LOS and the RR for BPD .
In conclusion , our results suggest that NEC and LOS prevention by probiotics does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants
Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and late-onset sepsis ( LOS )  in preterm infants , but it remains to be determined whether this reduction translates into a reduction of other complications .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the possible role of probiotics in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) .
Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 Simultaneously Enhances Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Low Birth Weight Infants: A Non-Randomized Study
Probiotic supplementation has been part of the discussion on methods to enhance humoral immunity . Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 ( OLB6378 ) reduced the incidence of late-onset sepsis in infants . In this non-r and omized study , we aim ed to determine the effect of administration of live OLB6378 on infants ’ humoral immunity . Secondly , we tried to eluci date whether similar effects would be observed with administration of non-live OLB6378 .  Low birth weight ( LBW ) infants weighing 1500–2500 g were divided into three groups : Group N ( no intervention ) , Group L ( administered live OLB6378 concentrate ) , and Group H ( administered non-live OLB6378 concentrate ) . The interventions were started within 48 h after birth and continued until six months of age . Serum immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) levels ( IgG at one month/IgG at birth ) were significantly higher in Group L than in Group N ( p < 0.01 ) . Group H exhibited significantly higher serum IgG levels ( p < 0.01 ) at one month of age and significantly higher intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A ( SIgA ) levels ( p < 0.05 ) at one and two months of age than Group N. No difference was observed in the mortality or morbidity between groups . Thus , OLB6378  administration in LBW infants enhanced humoral immunity , and non-live OLB6378 , which is more useful as a food ingredient , showed a more marked effect than the viable bacteria
Meta-regression did not show any significant association between the RR for NEC or LOS and the RR for BPD .
In conclusion , our results suggest that NEC and LOS prevention by probiotics does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants
Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and late-onset sepsis ( LOS )  in preterm infants , but it remains to be determined whether this reduction translates into a reduction of other complications .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the possible role of probiotics in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) .