The conclusion is that there is firm evidence for training effects on physical fitness , functional performance , activity of daily living performance , and quality -of-life .
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review on training outcomes influencing physical fitness , activity of daily living performance , and quality -of-life in institutionalized older people .
Our ultimate goal was to propose criteria for an evidence -based exercise protocol aim ed at improving physical fitness , activity of daily living performance , and quality -of-life of frail institutionalized older people .
Functional incidental training: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in Veterans Affairs nursing homes.
OBJECTIVES To test the effects of a rehabilitative intervention directed at continence , mobility , endurance , and strength ( Functional Incidental Training ( FIT ) ) in older patients in Department of Veterans Affairs ( VA ) nursing homes . DESIGN R and omized , controlled , crossover trial . SETTING Four VA nursing homes . PARTICIPANTS All 528 patients in the nursing homes were screened ; 178 were eligible , and 107 were r and omized to an immediate intervention group ( Group 1 ; n=52 ) and a delayed intervention group ( Group 2 ; n=55 ) . INTERVENTION Trained research staff provided the FIT intervention , which included prompted voiding combined with individualized , functionally oriented endurance and strength-training exercises offered four times per day , 5 days per week , for 8 weeks . Group 1 received the intervention while Group 2 served as a control group ; then Group 2 received the intervention while Group 1 crossed over to no intervention .  A total of 64 subjects completed the intervention phase of the trial . MEASUREMENTS Timed measures of walking or wheeling a wheelchair ( mobility ) , sit-to-st and exercises , independence in locomotion and toileting as assessed using the Functional Independence Measure ( FIM ) , one-repetition maximum weight for several measures of upper and lower body strength , frequency of urine and stool incontinence , and appropriate toileting ratios . RESULTS There was a significant effect of the FIT intervention on virtually all measures of endurance , strength , and urinary incontinence but not on the FIM for locomotion or toileting . The effects of FIT were observed when Group 1 received the intervention and was compared with the control group and when Group 2 crossed over to the intervention . Group 1 deteriorated in all measures during the 8-week crossover period . Within-person comparisons also demonstrated significant effects on all measures in the 64 participants who completed the intervention ; 43 ( 67 % ) of these participants were " responders " based on maintenance or improvement in at least one measure of endurance , strength , and urinary incontinence . No adverse events related to FIT occurred during the study period . CONCLUSION FIT improves endurance , strength , and urinary incontinence in older patients residing in VA nursing homes . Translating these positive benefits achieved under research conditions into practice will be challenging because of the implication s of the intervention for staff workload and thereby the costs of care
The conclusion is that there is firm evidence for training effects on physical fitness , functional performance , activity of daily living performance , and quality -of-life .
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review on training outcomes influencing physical fitness , activity of daily living performance , and quality -of-life in institutionalized older people .
Our ultimate goal was to propose criteria for an evidence -based exercise protocol aim ed at improving physical fitness , activity of daily living performance , and quality -of-life of frail institutionalized older people .