AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections: an 18-month prospective survey.
OBJECT The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical site infections ( SSIs ) in neurosurgery for any type of surgery and any American Society of Anesthesiologists class . METHODS The authors undertook an exhaustive 18-month prospect i ve survey including patients who underwent neurosurgery .  In particular , a 30-day follow-up was completed in patients whose surgery did not involve placement of a prosthesis or implant , and 1-year follow-up was completed for patients who underwent surgery to place a prosthesis or implant . The Centers for Disease Control definition of SSI was used . Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted ; all dependent variables found in univariate analysis were entered in the multiple regression model . A stepwise multiple logistic regression method was used . RESULTS Of the 844 patients studied , 35 SSIs were diagnosed , yielding an incidence rate of 4.1 % ( 95 % confidence interval 3.6 - 4.5 ) . Independent predictive risk factors for infection were cerebrospinal fluid leakage , external shunt , Altemeier class , and further neurosurgery . A lack of antibiotic prophylaxis was not found to be a risk factor . CONCLUSIONS Infection risk factors occur mainly during the postoperative period
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .