Polymorphisms of the DRD2 , ANKK1 , DAT1 , DBH , and DRD4 genes have been found to moderate the effects of pharmacotherapy  of alcohol , opioid , and cocaine use disorders .
The integration of genetic information with clinical data will inform health professionals of the most efficacious pharmacotherapeutic intervention for substance use disorders .
Substance use disorders have significant personal , familial , and societal consequences .
Despite the serious consequences of substance use , only a few therapies are effective in treating substance use disorders , thus highlighting a need for improved treatment practice s. Substance use treatment response depends on multiple factors such as genetic , biological , and social factors .
It is essential that each component is represented in treatment plans .
The dopaminergic system plays a critical role in the pharmacotherapy for addictions , and an underst and ing of the role of variation of genes involved in this system is essential for its success .
Allelic association of a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism in alcohol dependence with withdrawal seizures or delirium
Hereditary factors confer susceptibility to alcohol dependence . Alcohol mediates its reinforcing effects by enhancing dopamine activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system . The role of the dopamine transporter in terminating dopaminergic activity in synaptic neurotransmission suggests that variants of the dopamine transporter gene ( DAT1 ) might contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to addictive behavior . Our population -based association study investigated whether variants of DAT1 confer susceptibility to alcohol dependence in 293 alcoholics and clinical ly more homogeneous subgroups formed by : positive family history , early age-at-onset , delirium , withdrawal seizures , antisocial tendencies , type 1 and 2 alcoholics . Analyzing a VNTR polymorphism in the 3 ' untranslated region of DAT1 , we found a significantly increased prevalence of the nine-repeat allele in 93 alcoholics displaying withdrawal seizures or delirium  , compared with 93 ethnically matched nonalcoholic controls ( p = 0.003 ; OR = 2.44 ; 95 % confidence interval : 1.35 - 4.43 ) . Our data provide evidence that a major genetic determinant of DAT1 influences vulnerability to severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms
Polymorphisms of the DRD2 , ANKK1 , DAT1 , DBH , and DRD4 genes have been found to moderate the effects of pharmacotherapy  of alcohol , opioid , and cocaine use disorders .
The integration of genetic information with clinical data will inform health professionals of the most efficacious pharmacotherapeutic intervention for substance use disorders .
Substance use disorders have significant personal , familial , and societal consequences .
Despite the serious consequences of substance use , only a few therapies are effective in treating substance use disorders , thus highlighting a need for improved treatment practice s. Substance use treatment response depends on multiple factors such as genetic , biological , and social factors .
It is essential that each component is represented in treatment plans .
The dopaminergic system plays a critical role in the pharmacotherapy for addictions , and an underst and ing of the role of variation of genes involved in this system is essential for its success .