Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .
Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trial
ABSTRACT Background A very limited amount of research has examined intermittent fasting ( IF ) programs , such as time-restricted feeding ( TRF ) , in active population s. Objective Our objective was to examine the effects of TRF , with or without β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate ( HMB ) supplementation , during resistance training ( RT ) . Methods This study employed a r and omized , placebo-controlled , reduced factorial design and was double-blind with respect to supplementation in TRF groups . Resistance-trained females were r and omly assigned to a control diet ( CD ) , TRF , or TRF plus 3 g/d HMB ( TRFHMB ) . TRF groups consumed all calories between 1200 h and 2000 h , whereas the CD group ate regularly from breakfast until the end of the day . All groups completed 8 wk of supervised RT and consumed supplemental whey protein .  Body composition , muscular performance , dietary intake , physical activity , and physiological variables were assessed . Data were analyzed prior to unblinding using mixed models and both intention-to-treat ( ITT ) and per protocol ( PP ) frameworks . Results Forty participants were included in ITT , and 24 were included in PP . Energy and protein intake ( 1.6 g/kg/d ) did not differ between groups despite different feeding duration s ( TRF and TRFHMB : ∼7.5 h/d ; CD : ∼13 h/d ) . Comparable fat-free mass ( FFM ) accretion ( + 2 % to 3 % relative to baseline ) and skeletal muscle hypertrophy occurred in all groups . Differential effects on fat mass ( CD : + 2 % ; TRF : −2 % to −4 % ; TRFHMB : −4 % to −7 % ) were statistically significant in the PP analysis , but not ITT . Muscular performance improved without differences between groups . No changes in physiological variables occurred in any group , and minimal side effects were reported . Conclusions IF , in the form of TRF , did not attenuate RT adaptations in resistance-trained females .  Similar FFM accretion , skeletal muscle hypertrophy , and muscular performance improvements can be achieved with dramatically different feeding programs that contain similar energy and protein content during RT . Supplemental HMB during fasting periods of TRF did not definitively improve outcomes . This study was prospect ively registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT03404271
Relative to a non-diet control , IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC , LDL-C , and TG concentrations , but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration .
The present results suggest that these dietary practice s are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge , no systematic review and meta- analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting ( IF ) and energy-restricted diets ( ERD ) compared with control groups .
The aim of this review and meta- analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles .