Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions , and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months .
However , the effect size may decrease beyond this period .
This review has highlighted the paucity and limitations of the evidence investigating the long-term outcomes of recommended interventions for managing ADHD symptoms .
There is little evidence to suggest that the effects observed over the relatively short term are maintained throughout longer periods of impairment .
PURPOSE To systematic ally identify and review the currently available evidence on the long-term outcomes of recommended attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) interventions following r and omized controlled trials with children and young people .
Children with ADHD treated with long-term methylphenidate and multimodal psychosocial treatment: impact on parental practices.
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that multimodal psychosocial intervention , which includes parent training , combined with methylpheni date significantly enhances the behavior of parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , compared with methylpheni date alone and compared with methylpheni date and nonspecific psychosocial treatment ( attention control ) . METHOD One hundred three children with ADHD ( ages 7 - 9 ) , free of conduct and learning disorders , who responded to short-term methylpheni date therapy were r and omized for 2 years to receive either ( 1 ) methylpheni date treatment alone ; ( 2 ) methylpheni date plus psychosocial treatment that included parent training and counseling , social skills training , academic assistance , and psychotherapy ; or ( 3 ) methylpheni date plus attention control treatment . Parents rated their knowledge of parenting principles and negative and positive parenting behavior . Children rated their parents ' behavior . RESULTS Psychosocial treatment led to significantly better knowledge of parenting principles but did not enhance parenting practice s , as rated by parents and children . Significant improvement in mothers ' negative parenting occurred across all treatments and was maintained . CONCLUSIONS In nonconduct-disordered , stimulant-treated children with ADHD , parent training does not improve self-rated parental behavior . The benefits of brief stimulant treatment for negative parental behavior are sustained with extended treatment
Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions , and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months .
However , the effect size may decrease beyond this period .
This review has highlighted the paucity and limitations of the evidence investigating the long-term outcomes of recommended interventions for managing ADHD symptoms .
There is little evidence to suggest that the effects observed over the relatively short term are maintained throughout longer periods of impairment .
PURPOSE To systematic ally identify and review the currently available evidence on the long-term outcomes of recommended attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) interventions following r and omized controlled trials with children and young people .