Conclusions and Relevance Cannabinoid drugs may prevent the onset of pain by producing small increases in pain thresholds but may not reduce the intensity of experimental pain already being experienced ; instead , cannabinoids may make experimental pain feel less unpleasant and more tolerable , suggesting an influence on affective processes .
Cannabis-induced improvements in pain-related negative affect may underlie the widely held belief that cannabis relieves pain
Importance Cannabinoid drugs are widely used as analgesics , but experimental pain studies have produced mixed findings .
The analgesic properties of cannabinoids remain unclear .
Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the association between cannabinoid drug administration and experimental pain outcomes in studies of healthy adults .
A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation
Background The grading of recommendation , assessment , development and evaluation ( GRADE ) approach is widely implemented in health technology assessment and guideline development organisations throughout the world . GRADE provides a transparent approach to reaching judgements about the quality of evidence on the effects of a health care intervention , but is complex and therefore challenging to apply in a consistent manner . Methods We developed a checklist to guide the research er to extract the data required to make a GRADE assessment . We applied the checklist to 29 meta-analyses of r and omised controlled trials on the effectiveness of health care interventions . Two review ers used the checklist for each paper and used these data to rate the quality of evidence for a particular outcome . Results For most ( 70 % ) checklist items , there was good agreement between review ers . The main problems were for items relating to indirectness where considerable judgement is required . Conclusions There was consistent agreement between review ers on most items in the checklist . The use of this checklist may be an aid to improving the consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessment s , particularly for inexperienced users or in rapid review s without the re sources to conduct assessment s by two research ers independently
Conclusions and Relevance Cannabinoid drugs may prevent the onset of pain by producing small increases in pain thresholds but may not reduce the intensity of experimental pain already being experienced ; instead , cannabinoids may make experimental pain feel less unpleasant and more tolerable , suggesting an influence on affective processes .
Cannabis-induced improvements in pain-related negative affect may underlie the widely held belief that cannabis relieves pain
Importance Cannabinoid drugs are widely used as analgesics , but experimental pain studies have produced mixed findings .
The analgesic properties of cannabinoids remain unclear .
Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis of the association between cannabinoid drug administration and experimental pain outcomes in studies of healthy adults .