Insulin mediated inhibition of lipolysis was decreased in patients , reflected by increased non-esterified fatty acid levels .
Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and involves hepatic , peripheral and adipose tissues
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta- analysis on insulin resistance in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls , assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies .
Markers of insulin resistance are strong risk factors for retinopathy incidence in type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of retinopathy and the relative importance of its risk factors in type 1 diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a 7.3-year follow-up of 764 of 1,215 ( 63 % ) people with type 1 diabetes across Europe , aged 15 - 60 years at baseline with no retinopathy ( the EURODIAB Prospect i ve Complications Study ) .  Retinal photographs  were taken at baseline and follow-up and risk factors were assessed to a st and ard protocol . RESULTS Retinopathy incidence was 56 % ( 429/764 , 95 % CI 52 - 59 % ) . Key risk factors included diabetes duration and glycemic control . We found no evidence of a threshold effect for HbA1c on retinopathy incidence . Univariate associations were observed between incidence and albumin excretion rate , cholesterol , triglyceride , fibrinogen , von Willebr and factor , gamma-glutamyltransferase , waist-to-hip ratio , and insulin dose . No associations were observed for blood pressure , cardiovascular disease , or smoking . Independent risk factors , as assessed by st and ardized regression effects , were HbA1C ( 1.93 , P = 0.0001 ) , duration ( 1.32 , P = 0.008 ) , waist-to-hip ratio ( 1.32 , P = 0.01 ) , and fasting triglyceride ( 1.24 , P = 0.04 ) . CONCLUSIONS Retinopathy incidence in type 1 diabetes remains high . Key risk factors include diabetes duration and glycemic control , with no evidence of a threshold for the latter . Other independent risk factors , such as waist-to-hip ratio and triglyceride levels , both markers of insulin resistance , were strongly related to incidence
Insulin mediated inhibition of lipolysis was decreased in patients , reflected by increased non-esterified fatty acid levels .
Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and involves hepatic , peripheral and adipose tissues
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta- analysis on insulin resistance in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls , assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies .