Surgical associated factors — preoperative radiation/postoperative blood transfusion , combined anterior/posterior approach , surgical invasiveness , or levels of instrumentation were associated with increased SSI .
There is mixed evidence of age , duration of surgery , surgical team , intraoperative blood loss , dural tear , and urinary tract infection/urinary catheter in association with SSI .
Conclusion : SSIs are associated with many risk factors that can be patient or surgically related .
Objective : To perform a review of SSI risk factors and more specifically , categorize them into patient and surgical factors .
Mortality and morbidity after spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective matched-pair cohort study.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT There is a lack of information about postoperative outcomes and related risk factors associated with spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) . PURPOSE This study aim ed to investigate the postoperative morbidity and mortality associated with spinal surgery for patients with PD , and the risk factors for poor outcomes . STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective matched-pair cohort study . PATIENT SAMPLE Data of patients who underwent elective spinal surgery between July 2010 and March 2013 were extracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination data base , a nationwide inpatient data base in Japan . OUTCOME MEASURES In-hospital mortality and occurrence of postoperative complications . METHODS For each patient with PD , we r and omly selected up to four age- and sex-matched controls in the same hospital in the same year . The differences in in-hospital mortality and occurrence of postoperative complications were compared between patients with PD and controls . A multivariable logistic regression model fitted with a generalized estimation equation was used to identify significant predictors of major complications ( surgical site infection , sepsis , pulmonary embolism , respiratory complications , cardiac events , stroke , and renal failure ) . Multiple imputation was used for missing data . RESULTS Among 154,278 patients undergoing spinal surgery , 1,423 patients with PD and 5,498 matched controls were identified .  Crude in-hospital mortality was higher in patients with PD than in controls ( 0.8 % vs. 0.3 % , respectively ) . The crude proportion of major complications was also higher in patients with PD ( 9.8 % vs. 5.1 % in controls ) . Postoperative delirium was more common in patients with PD ( 30.3 % ) than in controls ( 4.3 % ) . Parkinson 's disease was a significant predictor of major postoperative complications , even after adjusting for other risk factors ( odds ratio , 1.74 ; 95 % confidence intervals , 1.37 - 2.22 ; p<.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD had a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications following spinal surgery .  Postoperative delirium was the most frequently observed complication
Surgical associated factors — preoperative radiation/postoperative blood transfusion , combined anterior/posterior approach , surgical invasiveness , or levels of instrumentation were associated with increased SSI .
There is mixed evidence of age , duration of surgery , surgical team , intraoperative blood loss , dural tear , and urinary tract infection/urinary catheter in association with SSI .
Conclusion : SSIs are associated with many risk factors that can be patient or surgically related .
Objective : To perform a review of SSI risk factors and more specifically , categorize them into patient and surgical factors .