CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .
Diet and hip fractures among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort
Background / Objectives : Evidence on the role of diet during adulthood and beyond on fracture occurrence is limited . We investigated diet and hip fracture incidence in a population of elderly Europeans , participants in the European Prospect i ve Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study .Subjects/ Methods : 29 122 volunteers ( 10 538 men , 18 584 women ) aged 60 years and above ( mean age : 64.3 ) from five countries were followed up for a median of 8 years and 275 incident hip fractures ( 222 women and 53 men ) were recorded .  Diet  was assessed at baseline through vali date d dietary question naires . Data were analyzed through Cox proportional-hazards regression with adjustment for potential confounders . Results : No food group or nutrient was significantly associated with hip fracture occurrence . There were suggestive inverse associations , however , with vegetable consumption ( hazard ratio ( HR ) per increasing sex-specific quintile : 0.93 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 0.85–1.01 ) , fish consumption ( HR per increasing sex-specific quintile : 0.93 , 95 % CI : 0.85–1.02 ) and polyunsaturated lipid intake ( HR per increasing sex-specific quintile : 0.92 , 95 % CI : 0.82–1.02 ) , whereas saturated lipid intake was positively associated with hip fracture risk ( HR per increasing sex-specific quintile : 1.13 , 95 % CI : 0.99–1.29 ) . Consumption of dairy products did not appear to influence the risk ( HR per increasing sex-specific quintile : 1.02 , 95 % CI : 0.93–1.12 ) . Conclusions : In a prospect i ve study of the elderly , diet , including consumption of dairy products , alcohol and vitamin D , did not appear to play a major role in hip fracture incidence . There is however , weak and statistically non-significant evidence that vegetable and fish consumption and intake of polyunsaturated lipids may have a beneficial , whereas saturated lipid intake a detrimental effect
CONCLUSIONS Dietary calcium intake is not associated with risk of fracture , and there is no clinical trial evidence that increasing calcium intake from dietary sources prevents fractures .
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence underpinning recommendations to increase calcium intake through dietary sources or calcium supplements to prevent fractures .