There was no effect on waist circumference , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure with the direction of effect favouring tree nuts for waist circumference .
Pooled analyses show a MetS benefit of tree nuts through modest decreases in triglycerides and fasting blood glucose with no adverse effects on other criteria across nut types .
OBJECTIVE To provide a broader evidence summary to inform dietary guidelines of the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .
Walnut-enriched diet reduces fasting non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in healthy Caucasian subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over clinical trial.
BACKGROUND Walnut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of walnuts on lipid and glucose metabolism , adipokines , inflammation and endothelial function in healthy Caucasian men and postmenopausal women ≥50years old . DESIGN Forty subjects ( mean±SEM : age 60±1years , BMI 24.9±0.6kg/m(2 ) ; 30 females ) were included in a controlled , cross-over study and r and omized to receive first a walnut-enriched ( 43g/d ) and then a Western-type ( control ) diet or vice-versa , with each lasting 8weeks and separated by a 2-week wash-out . At the beginning and end of each diet phase , measurements of fasting values  , a  mixed meal test  and an assessment of postpr and ial endothelial function ( determination of microcirculation by peripheral artery tonometry ) were conducted . Area under the curve ( AUC ) , incremental AUC ( iAUC ) and treatment × time interaction ( shape of the curve ) were evaluated for postpr and ial triglycerides , VLDL-triglycerides , chylomicron-triglycerides , glucose and insulin . RESULTS Compared with the control diet , the walnut diet significantly reduced non-HDL-cholesterol ( walnut vs. control : -10±3 vs. -3±2mg/dL ; p=0.025 ) and apolipoprotein-B ( -5.0±1.3 vs. -0.2±1.1mg/dL ; p=0.009 ) after adjusting for age , gender , BMI and diet sequence . Total cholesterol showed a trend toward reduction ( p=0.073 ) . Fasting VLDL-cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol , triglycerides and glucose , insulin , HOMA-IR , and HbA1c did not change significantly . Similarly , fasting adipokines , C-reactive protein , biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction , postpr and ial lipid and glucose metabolism and endothelial function were unaffected . CONCLUSION Daily consumption of 43 g of walnuts for 8weeks significantly reduced non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B , which may explain in part the epidemiological observation that regular walnut consumption decreases CHD risk
There was no effect on waist circumference , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure with the direction of effect favouring tree nuts for waist circumference .
Pooled analyses show a MetS benefit of tree nuts through modest decreases in triglycerides and fasting blood glucose with no adverse effects on other criteria across nut types .
OBJECTIVE To provide a broader evidence summary to inform dietary guidelines of the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .