The results showed that , compared with placebo , pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative shivering .
In addition , compared with sufentanil , fentanyl showed no impact on haemodynamic stability and the incidence of pruritus .
CONCLUSION Pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil appear to be effective for preventing perioperative shivering in puerperae undergoing cesarean sections .
Considering the risk-benefit profiles of the included neuraxial adjuvants , fentanyl is probably the optimal choice
BACKGROUND Perioperative shivering is clinical ly common during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia , and several neuraxial adjuvants are reported to have preventive effects on it .
However , the results of current studies are controversial and the effects of these neuraxial adjuvants remain unclear .
AIM To evaluate the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering during cesarean sections , thus providing an optimal choice for clinical application .
Analgesic effects of intrathecal tramadol in patients undergoing caesarean section: a randomised, double-blind study.
BACKGROUND Intrathecal tramadol combined with local anaesthetics has been used for postoperative analgesia following lower abdominal and perineal surgery . The present study evaluated the effect of intrathecal tramadol on spinal block characteristics and neonatal outcome after elective caesarean section . METHODS Eighty full-term parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section were r and omly divided into two groups . In the fentanyl group , patients received intrathecal 0.5 % bupivacaine 10 mg with fentanyl 10 μg ; in the tramadol group , patients were given the same dose of bupivacaine with tramadol 10 mg  . Sensory and motor block characteristics , duration of postoperative analgesia , maternal side effects , and neonatal outcome were compared . RESULTS One patient in the tramadol group and two patients in the fentanyl group were excluded from data analysis . Median [ interquartile range ] duration of postoperative analgesia in the tramadol and the fentanyl groups was 300 [ 240 - 360 ] min and 260 [ 233 - 300 ] min respectively ( P = 0.02 ) . The incidence of shivering was lower in patients who received tramadol ( 5 % ) than those who had fentanyl ( 32 % ) ( P = 0.003 ) . Apgar scores , umbilical cord acid-base measurement and neurologic and adaptive capacity scores were comparable between the two groups . CONCLUSION Compared to intrathecal fentanyl 10 μg , tramadol 10 mg , as an adjunct to bupivacaine for subarachnoid block for caesarean section , showed a longer duration of analgesia with a reduced incidence of shivering
The results showed that , compared with placebo , pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative shivering .
In addition , compared with sufentanil , fentanyl showed no impact on haemodynamic stability and the incidence of pruritus .
CONCLUSION Pethidine , fentanyl , dexmedetomidine , and sufentanil appear to be effective for preventing perioperative shivering in puerperae undergoing cesarean sections .
Considering the risk-benefit profiles of the included neuraxial adjuvants , fentanyl is probably the optimal choice
BACKGROUND Perioperative shivering is clinical ly common during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia , and several neuraxial adjuvants are reported to have preventive effects on it .
However , the results of current studies are controversial and the effects of these neuraxial adjuvants remain unclear .
AIM To evaluate the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering during cesarean sections , thus providing an optimal choice for clinical application .