Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Are perceptions of the physical and social environment associated with mothers' walking for leisure and for transport? A longitudinal study.
OBJECTIVE The role local neighbourhood environments play in influencing purpose -specific walking behaviors has not been well-explored in prospect i ve studies . This study aim ed to cross-sectionally and prospect ively examine whether local physical and social environments were associated with mothers ' walking for leisure and for transport . METHODS In 2004 , 357 mothers from Melbourne , Australia , provided information on their local physical and social neighbourhood environments , and in 2004 and 2006 reported weekly time spent walking for leisure and for transport .  Environmental predictors of high levels of walking and increases in walking were examined using log binomial regression . RESULTS Public transport accessibility and trusting many people in the neighbourhood were predictive of increases in walking for leisure , while connectivity , pedestrian crossings , a local traffic speed were predictive of increases in transport-related walking . Satisfaction with local facilities was associated with increasing both types of walking , and the social environment was important for maintaining high levels of both leisure- and transport-related walking . CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence of a longitudinal relationship between physical and social environments and walking behaviors amongst mothers . Enhancing satisfaction with local facilities and giving consideration to '  walkability ' , safety and public transport accessibility during environment planning processes may help mothers to increase walking
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .