Vitamin D supplementation had no statistically significant effects on total body bone mineral content ( BMC ) , hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) or forearm BMD .
These results do not support vitamin D supplementation to improve bone density in healthy children with normal vitamin D levels , but suggest that supplementation of deficient children may be clinical ly useful .
BACKGROUND Results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) of vitamin D supplementation to improve  bone density in children are inconsistent .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for improving  bone mineral density in children , whether any effect varies by sex , age or pubertal stage , the type or dose of vitamin D given or baseline vitamin D status , and if effects persist after cessation of supplementation .
Effects of two years' milk supplementation on size-corrected bone mineral density of Chinese girls.
Much existing data on the effects of calcium or milk products on bone mineral accretion are based on bone mineral content ( BMC ) or areal bone mineral density ( aBMD ) , neither of which accounts for changing bone size during the growing period . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2-year milk supplementation on total body size-corrected BMD in Chinese girls with low habitual dietary calcium intake . Chinese girls aged 10 years were r and omised , according to their school , to receive calcium fortified milk ( Ca milk ) , or calcium and vitamin D fortified milk ( CaD milk ) for two years or act as unsupplemented controls . Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry  total body bone measures were obtained from 345 girls at baseline and 2 years . Size-corrected total body and regional BMD was calculated as : BMDsc = BMC /BApc , where pc was the regression coefficient of the natural logarithm transformed total body BMC and bone area . After 2 years , both supplemented groups had significantly greater gain in BMDsc of total body ( 3.5 - 5.8 % , p < 0.05 ) and legs ( 3.0 - 5.9 % , p < 0.05 ) than did the control group . Milk supplementation showed positive effects on bone mineral accretion when accounting for the changing skeletal size during growth . The effects were mainly on the lower limbs
Vitamin D supplementation had no statistically significant effects on total body bone mineral content ( BMC ) , hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) or forearm BMD .
These results do not support vitamin D supplementation to improve bone density in healthy children with normal vitamin D levels , but suggest that supplementation of deficient children may be clinical ly useful .
BACKGROUND Results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) of vitamin D supplementation to improve  bone density in children are inconsistent .
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for improving  bone mineral density in children , whether any effect varies by sex , age or pubertal stage , the type or dose of vitamin D given or baseline vitamin D status , and if effects persist after cessation of supplementation .