ORs were generally higher for recurrent fallers than for all fallers .
This meta- analysis provides comprehensive evidence -based assessment of risk factors for falls in older people , confirming their multifactorial etiology .
Some nonspecific indicators of high baseline risk were also strong predictors of the risk of falling
BACKGROUND Falls are the main cause of accidental death in persons aged 65 years or older .
Association between Parkinson's disease and low bone density and falls in older men: the osteoporotic fractures in men study.
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) and bone mineral density ( BMD ) and risk of falls . DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospect i ve cohort study . SETTING Six U.S. clinical centers . PARTICIPANTS Five thous and nine hundred ninety-five community-dwelling , ambulatory men aged 65 and older . MEASUREMENTS History of physician-diagnosed PD was ascertained from participant self-report . BMD was measured at the hip and spine using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ( DEXA ) and quantitative computed tomography ( QCT ) .  Incident falls were ascertained for 1 year using mailed queries . RESULTS Fifty-two participants ( 0.9 % ) reported a history of PD . In multivariate models , PD was associated with significantly lower BMD at the spine ( -4.9 % , P=.04 ) and total hip ( -5.3 % , P=.007 ) using DEXA and at the spine ( -6.7 % , P=.05 ) and total hip ( -8.2 % , P=.03 ) using QCT . PD was associated with a nearly three times greater age-adjusted risk of multiple future falls ( odds ratio (OR)=2.91 , 95 % confidence interval (CI)=1.55 - 5.46 ) . Further adjustment for history of multiple falls in the year before baseline attenuated this risk , but it remained significant ( OR=2.30 , 95 % CI=1.15 - 4.59 ) . CONCLUSION In this cohort of older men , PD was associated with lower BMD at the hip and spine , measured using areal and volumetric BMD , as well as increased falls . Clinicians should consider screening older men with PD for osteoporosis
ORs were generally higher for recurrent fallers than for all fallers .
This meta- analysis provides comprehensive evidence -based assessment of risk factors for falls in older people , confirming their multifactorial etiology .
Some nonspecific indicators of high baseline risk were also strong predictors of the risk of falling
BACKGROUND Falls are the main cause of accidental death in persons aged 65 years or older .