HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .
Raloxifene as an adjunctive treatment for postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE The potential therapeutic utility of estrogens in schizophrenia is increasingly being recognized . Raloxifene , a selective estrogen receptor modulator , appears to act similarly to conjugated estrogens on dopamine and serotonin brain systems and may be a better option since it lacks the possible negative effects of estrogen on breast and uterine tissue . In this study , we assess the utility of raloxifene as an adjunctive treatment for negative symptoms and other psychotic symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia . METHOD This was a 12-week , double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled study . Patients were recruited from both the inpatient and outpatient departments of Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona , Spain , and Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí , Sabadell , Spain . Thirty-three postmenopausal women with schizophrenia ( DSM-IV criteria ) who exhibited prominent negative symptoms were r and omized to either adjunctive raloxifene ( 16 women ; mean age = 60.14 years , SD = 6.41 years ) or adjunctive placebo  ( 17 women ; mean age = 62.66 years , SD = 4.54 years ) for 12 weeks . The period of recruitment lasted from January 2005 through June 2009 . Psychopathological symptoms were assessed at baseline and weeks 4 , 8 , and 12 by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale . RESULTS The addition of raloxifene ( 60 mg/d ) to regular antipsychotic treatment significantly reduced negative ( P = .044 ) , positive ( P = .031 ) , and general psychopathological ( P = .045 ) symptoms during the 12-week trial as compared with women receiving placebo . CONCLUSIONS Raloxifene as an adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia who exhibit prominent negative symptoms appears to be useful in improving negative , positive , and general psychopathological symptoms . If more extensive and longer-term studies confirm and exp and upon these positive results , the use of raloxifene could be recommended in postmenopausal patients with schizophrenia . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT01041092
HT treatment with estrogens alone or in combination with progestogens was associated with a small to moderate improvement in sexual function , particularly in pain , when used in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause ( within five years of amenorrhoea ) , but not in unselected postmenopausal women .
The current evidence does not suggest an important effect of tibolone or of SERMs alone or combined with estrogens on sexual function .
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms , including sexual complaints .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of hormone therapy ( HT ) on  sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .