Maternal fat intake ( n = 25 ) might be associated with gestational weight gain as suggested by observational studies , although the direction of this association might depend on specific types of fat ( e.g. , saturated fat ) .
Macronutrient intake was not consistently associated with the prevalence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain .
CONCLUSIONS The current literature provides evidence that energy intake is associated with gestational weight gain , but the roles of individual macronutrients are inconsistent .
BACKGROUND  Abnormal gestational weight gain is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes .
Several risk factors have been identified , but the effect of macronutrient intake during pregnancy on gestational weight gain has not been systematic ally evaluated in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries .
[Adherence to dietary recommendations by the Institute of Medicine and the effect on body weight during pregnancy].
The study 's objective was to estimate the effect of adherence to dietary recommendations by the Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) concerning energy intake and /or macronutrient composition of diet on weight during pregnancy . This was a prospect i ve study with observations at three time points , with a sample of 255 pregnant women . The dependent variable was gestational weight , and the independent variable was dietary adequacy according to IOM recommendations for energy and macronutrient intake , categorized as adequate versus excessive intake . Statistical analyses were performed using mixed effects models for repeated measures . Pregnant women with excessive intake were 3.59 kg lighter at baseline ( SE = 0.92 kg ; p < 0.01 ) . On average , gestational weight varied by 1.83 kg ( SE = 0.40 kg ) per trimester , but pregnant women with excessive intake showed a higher weight increase of 1.70 kg ( SE = 0.43 kg ) during the same period as compared to women with adequate intake ( p < 0.01 ) . Women who adhered to IOM dietary recommendations gained less weight during pregnancy
Maternal fat intake ( n = 25 ) might be associated with gestational weight gain as suggested by observational studies , although the direction of this association might depend on specific types of fat ( e.g. , saturated fat ) .
Macronutrient intake was not consistently associated with the prevalence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain .
CONCLUSIONS The current literature provides evidence that energy intake is associated with gestational weight gain , but the roles of individual macronutrients are inconsistent .
BACKGROUND  Abnormal gestational weight gain is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes .
Several risk factors have been identified , but the effect of macronutrient intake during pregnancy on gestational weight gain has not been systematic ally evaluated in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries .