For its management , experts agreed in considering  verbal de-escalation  and  environmental modification techniques  as first choice , considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy .
BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is associated with different psychiatric conditions and represents an important issue in psychiatry .
Current recommendations on agitation in psychiatry are not univocal .
Actually , an improper assessment and management may result in unnecessary coercive or sedative treatments .
A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus can guide assessment and treatment decisions .
Predicting community violence from patients discharged from mental health services.
BACKGROUND The MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study ( MacVRAS ) in the USA provided strong evidence to support an actuarial approach in community violence risk assessment . AIMS To examine the predictive accuracy of the MacVRAS measures , in addition to structured professional judgement , in a UK sample of patients discharged from in-patient care in the north-west of Engl and . METHOD A prospect i ve study of 112 participants assessed pre-discharge and followed up at 24 weeks post-discharge . Pre-discharge measures were compared with prevalence of violent behaviour to determine predictive validity of risk factors . RESULTS Historical measures of risk and measures of psychopathy , impulsiveness and anger were highly predictive of community violence . The more dynamic clinical and risk management factors derived from structured professional judgement ( rated at discharge ) added significant incremental validity to the historical factors in predicting community violence . CONCLUSIONS Although static measures of risk relating to past history and personality make an important contribution to assessment of violence risk , consideration of current dynamic factors relating to illness and risk management significantly improves predictive accuracy
For its management , experts agreed in considering  verbal de-escalation  and  environmental modification techniques  as first choice , considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy .
BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is associated with different psychiatric conditions and represents an important issue in psychiatry .
Current recommendations on agitation in psychiatry are not univocal .
Actually , an improper assessment and management may result in unnecessary coercive or sedative treatments .
A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus can guide assessment and treatment decisions .