Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .
Long-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet on mood and cognitive function.
BACKGROUND Very low-carbohydrate ( LC ) diets are often used to promote weight loss , but the long-term effects on psychological function remain unknown . METHODS A total of 106 overweight and obese participants ( mean [ SE ] age , 50.0 [ 0.8 ] years ; mean [ SE ] body mass index [ calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared ] , 33.7 [ 0.4 ] ) were r and omly assigned either to an energy-restricted ( approximately 1433 - 1672 kcal [ to convert to kilojoules , multiply by 4.186 ] ) , planned isocaloric , very low-carbohydrate , high-fat ( LC ) diet or to a high-carbohydrate , low-fat ( LF ) diet for 1 year . Changes in body weight , psychological mood and well-being ( Profile of Mood States , Beck Depression Inventory , and Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory scores ) , and cognitive functioning ( working memory and speed of processing ) were assessed . RESULTS By 1 year , the overall mean ( SE ) weight loss was 13.7 ( 1.8 ) kg , with no significant difference between groups ( P = .26 ) . Over the course of the study , there were significant time x diet interactions for Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory , Beck Depression Inventory , and Profile of Mood States scores for total mood disturbance , anger-hostility , confusion-bewilderment , and depression-dejection ( P < .05 ) as a result of greater improvements in these psychological mood states for the LF diet compared with the LC diet . Working memory improved by 1 year ( P < .001 for time ) , but speed of processing remained largely unchanged , with no effect of diet composition on either cognitive domain . CONCLUSIONS Over 1 year , there was a favorable effect of an energy-restricted LF diet compared with an isocaloric LC diet on mood state and affect in overweight and obese individuals . Both diets had similar effects on working memory and speed of processing . Trial Registration anzctr.org.au Identifier : 12606000203550
Based on the evidence review ed , low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets are not superior to other dietary approaches for weight loss .
These diets may have advantages related to appetite control , triglyceride reduction , and reduction in the use of medication in T2D management .
The evidence review ed showed mixed effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with some studies showing an increase .
There was no clear evidence for advantages regarding effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers .
Historically , low-carbohydrate ( CHO ) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss .
Recently , these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) management .
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic review s and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight , lipoprotein lipids , glycemic control , and other cardiometabolic risk factors .