Conclusions Stroke secondary prevention lifestyle interventions are effective in terms of affecting positive change in relation to lifestyle behaviours , physiological and secondary outcomes .
However , there was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of intervention on incidence of stroke recurrence .
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Each year , approximately 15 million people worldwide have a stroke ; of these , five million die and another five million are chronically disabled .
Stroke recurs in approximately 25 % of patients during the first five years post-stroke ; recurrence may result in death , increased disability or institutionalisation .
Modifiable risk factors for recurrent stroke have been identified , and may be addressed by means of behavioural health promotion interventions .
Objectives This systematic review sought to establish the effectiveness of secondary prevention behavioural interventions , which address one or more modifiable lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke i.e. tobacco use , unhealthy diet , physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption .
A preliminary study to examine the effects of aerobic and therapeutic (nonaerobic) exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk reduction in stroke survivors.
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of 3 different exercise training regimens on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk factor reduction in subjects with unilateral stroke . DESIGN A cluster assignment by residential location repeated- measures design . SETTING University-based medical center . PARTICIPANTS Fifty-five subjects with unilateral ischemic stroke were assigned to the following groups : intensity ( n=18 ) , duration ( n=19 ) , and therapeutic exercise ( n=18 ) . INTERVENTION A 14-week intervention with subjects r and omized to 1 of 3 interventions : ( 1 ) moderate intensity , shorter duration ( MISD ) exercise ( gradually increasing exercise intensity while keeping exercise duration constant at 30 min ) , ( 2 ) low-intensity , longer duration ( LILD ) exercise ( gradually increasing duration to 60 min while keeping exercise intensity constant ) , or ( 3 ) conventional therapeutic exercise ( TE ) consisting mainly of strength , balance , and range of motion activities . All groups exercised 3 days per week . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peak oxygen consumption ( VO2peak ) , submaximal oxygen consumption ( VO2 ) , lipid panel , and resting blood pressure . RESULTS The MISD group attained more favorable effects on systolic ( P<.04 ) and diastolic blood pressure ( P<.002 ) and total cholesterol ( TC ) ( P<.036 ) compared with LILD and TE groups . Both MISD ( P<.029 ) and LILD ( P<.045 ) showed significant reductions in triglycerides compared with TE ( P<.029 ) . There was no significant change in VO2peak and submaximal VO2 in any of the groups . CONCLUSIONS Overall , both MISD and LILD conditions achieved greater clinical and significant gains in coronary risk reduction compared with TE
Conclusions Stroke secondary prevention lifestyle interventions are effective in terms of affecting positive change in relation to lifestyle behaviours , physiological and secondary outcomes .
However , there was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of intervention on incidence of stroke recurrence .
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Each year , approximately 15 million people worldwide have a stroke ; of these , five million die and another five million are chronically disabled .
Stroke recurs in approximately 25 % of patients during the first five years post-stroke ; recurrence may result in death , increased disability or institutionalisation .
Modifiable risk factors for recurrent stroke have been identified , and may be addressed by means of behavioural health promotion interventions .
Objectives This systematic review sought to establish the effectiveness of secondary prevention behavioural interventions , which address one or more modifiable lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke i.e. tobacco use , unhealthy diet , physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption .