The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .
The breakdown of preexisting advanced glycation end products is associated with reduced renal fibrosis in experimental diabetes.
Renal accumulation of advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ) has been linked to the progression of diabetic nephropathy . Cleavage of pre-formed AGEs within the kidney by a cross-link breaker , such as ALT-711 , may confer renoprotection in diabetes . STZ diabetic rats were r and omized into a ) no treatment ( D ) ; b ) treatment with the AGE cross-link breaker , ALT-711 , weeks 16 - 32 ( DALT early ) ; and c ) ALT-711 , weeks 24 - 32 ( DALT late ) . Treatment with ALT-711 result ed in a significant reduction in diabetes-induced serum and renal AGE peptide fluorescence , associated with decreases in renal carboxymethyllysine and RAGE immunostaining . Cross-linking of tail tendon collagen seen in diabetic groups was attenuated only by 16 weeks of ALT-711 treatment . ALT-711 , independent of treatment duration , retarded albumin excretion rate ( AER ) , reduced blood pressure , and renal hypertrophy . It also reduced diabetes-induced increases in gene expression of transforming growth factor beta1 ( TGF-beta1 ) , connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , and collagen IV . However , glomerulosclerotic index , tubulointerstitial area , total renal collagen , nitrotyrosine , protein expression of collagen IV , and TGF-beta1 only showed improvement with early ALT treatment alone . This study demonstrates the utility of a cross-link breaker as a treatment for diabetic nephropathy and describes effects not only on renal AGEs but on putative mediators of renal injury , such as prosclerotic cytokines and oxidative stress
The review of trials identifies positive effects of these nutrients on various outcome measures relating to insulin resistance and cardiovascular factors .
A majority of the trials found a positive effect of chromium on fasting plasma glucose .
Isoflavones were found to have a positive effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular outcome measures , but only when combined with soy proteins .
Vitamin E is reported to reduce oxidative stress at levels of 200 mg day(-1 ) or more
The role of nutritional supplementation is of increasing interest with regard to ocular disease .
R and omised controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation for age-related macular degeneration , and formulations are now being developed for use by people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy .
The aim of this review was to synthesis e the evidence for use of nutritional supplementation in type 2 diabetes .
The potential role of alpha-lipoic acid , chromium , folic acid , isoflavones , magnesium , Pycnogenol , selenium , vitamin C , vitamin E , and zinc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is discussed .