In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Blood glucose and meal patterns in time-blinded males, after aspartame, carbohydrate, and fat consumption, in relation to sweetness perception.
In a study of the impact of aspartame , fat , and carbohydrate on appetite , we monitored blood glucose continuously for 431 ( SE 16 ) min . Ten healthy males ( 19 - 31 years ) participated in three time-blinded visits . As blood glucose was monitored , appetite ratings were scored at r and omized times . On the first meal initiation , volunteers consumed one of three isovolumetric drinks ( aspartame , 1 MJ simple carbohydrate , and 1 MJ high-fat ; r and omized order ) . High-fat and high-carbohydrate foods were available ad libitum subsequently . Blood glucose patterns following the carbohydrate drink ( + 1.78 ( SE 0.28 ) mmol/l in 38 ( SE 3 ) min ) and high-fat drink ( + 0.83 ( SE 0.28 ) mmol/l in 49 ( SE 6 ) min ) were predictive of the next intermeal interval ( R 0.64 and R 0.97 respectively ) . Aspartame ingestion was followed by blood glucose declines ( 40 % of subjects ) , increases ( 20 % ) , or stability ( 40 % ) . These patterns were related to the volunteers ' perception of sweetness of the drink ( R 0.81 , P = 0.014 ) , and were predictive of subsequent intakes ( R -0.71 , P = 0.048 ) . For all drinks combined , declines in blood glucose and meal initiation were significantly associated ( chi 2 16.8 , P < 0.001 ) , the duration of blood glucose responses and intermeal intervals correlated significantly ( R 0.715 , P = 0.0001 ) , and sweetness perception correlated negatively with hunger suppression ( R -0.471 , P = 0.015 ) . Effects of fat , carbohydrate , and aspartame on meal initiation , meal size , and intermeal interval relate to blood glucose patterns . Varied blood glucose responses after aspartame support the controversy over its effects , and may relate to sweetness perception
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .