Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .
The role of CBT in explicit memory bias in bipolar I patients.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy ( CBT ) is widely used in bipolar disorder , but recent meta-analyses showed that its impact is either of limited effect or not significant for important aspects such as recurrence rate . A possible benefit of CBT could concern cognitive functions , known to be frequently impaired in patients with bipolar disorder . We analysed if the positive impact of 6 months group-CBT was associated with the improvement of a specific cognitive function , namely explicit memory , trying to disentangle if memory bias ( i.e. different capacity according to the emotional valence of words to be recalled ) was more improved than memory performance ( i.e. , total number of recalled words ) . METHODS Depressive , manic , anxiety symptoms and explicit memory for emotional words were initially assessed in 68 remitted bipolar I patients . Six months later , with an attrition rate of 16.2 % , patients were re-assessed after CBT ( N = 42 ) or as control condition ( waiting list , N = 15 ) . The expected impact of CBT was assessed through the improvement in the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale . RESULTS After CBT , an increase was observed for the number of neutral , positive and total words recalled , whereas the number of negative words recalled decreased . This increase was still significant when the improvement of dysfunctional attitudes and mood symptoms are taken into account . LIMITATIONS The small sample of control patients . CONCLUSIONS CBT was effective , as it improved dysfunctional attitudes and reduced remaining symptoms , but also , and independently , it improved explicit memory performance while reducing memory bias in favour of negative words
Results show that various classes of antidepressants exert improving effects on cognitive function across several cognitive domains .
Specifically , studies suggest that SSRIs , the SSRE tianeptine , the SNRI duloxetine , vortioxetine and other antidepressants such as bupropion and moclobemide may exert certain improving effects on cognitive function in depression , such as in learning and memory and executive function .
The few non-pharmacological studies conducted employing cognitive orientated treatments and cognitive remediation therapy show promising results for the improvement of cognitive impairment in depression .
Cognitive dysfunction is of clinical significance and exerts longst and ing implication on patients ׳ function .
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive dysfunction are emerging .
This review evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairment primarily in the domains of memory , attention , processing speed and executive function in clinical depression .