There was strong evidence that duration away from work from both MSK or pain-related conditions and MH conditions were significantly reduced by multi-domain interventions encompassing at least two of the three domains .
There was moderate evidence that these multi-domain interventions had a positive impact on cost outcomes .
There was strong evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy interventions that do not also include workplace modifications or service coordination components are not effective in helping workers with MH conditions in RTW .
Evidence for the effectiveness of other single-domain interventions was mixed , with some studies reporting positive effects and others reporting no effects on lost time and work functioning .
Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of workplace-based return-to-work ( RTW ) interventions and work disability management ( DM ) interventions that assist workers with musculoskeletal ( MSK ) and pain-related conditions and mental health ( MH ) conditions with RTW .
The causality field (extrinsic and intrinsic factors) in industrial subacute low back pain patients.
In a prospect i ve , r and omized study , primarily design ed to test the efficacy of activation on consecutive blue-collar workers sick-listed for 6 weeks due to subacute low back pain , 25 % of the workers were excluded for medical reasons . In the intervention study ( n = 103 ) , only a minority of cases ( 6 % ) had ' true ' subacute complaints , i.e. no prior history of low back pain .  Subjective reports on general well-being , health status and work-related ergonomic factors were significantly lower or worse in patients than in reference sample s. The r and omized intervention study could establish a significant effect of grade d activation on work return , but the effect seemed to be restricted to patients moderately disabled , i.e. one-third of the subacute low back pain patients included . A predictive four-factor model on work return increased the possibility of identifing nonresponders ( chronic low back pain ) more than threefold with a specificity ( 91 % ) and sensitivity ( 74 % ) comparable to that of clinical disc herniation . The history of a prolonged disablement process , cognitive factors , pain behavior and mentally straining ergonomic factors seemed to be of importance . Psychological reactions , or ' barriers to recovery ' , were slightly different in treatment and control groups but the type of intervention did not significantly alter the predictive model , suggesting that subsets of the study sample may benefit from other optional functional approaches . Descriptive characteristics of the study sample emphasized that subacute low back pain patients can not be conceptualized as a homogeneous group . Four sub-groups could be identified : ( a ) specific medical disorders ; ( b ) spontaneous recovery group ; ( c ) moderately disabled back pain patients ; and ( d ) nonresponders . The results support proposals that treatment should be tailored according to individual needs and that better case management should have priority for those belonging to the nonresponder group
There was strong evidence that duration away from work from both MSK or pain-related conditions and MH conditions were significantly reduced by multi-domain interventions encompassing at least two of the three domains .
There was moderate evidence that these multi-domain interventions had a positive impact on cost outcomes .
There was strong evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy interventions that do not also include workplace modifications or service coordination components are not effective in helping workers with MH conditions in RTW .
Evidence for the effectiveness of other single-domain interventions was mixed , with some studies reporting positive effects and others reporting no effects on lost time and work functioning .
Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of workplace-based return-to-work ( RTW ) interventions and work disability management ( DM ) interventions that assist workers with musculoskeletal ( MSK ) and pain-related conditions and mental health ( MH ) conditions with RTW .