No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .
Comparative effect of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Background / Objectives : Although benefits have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet , its effect on glycaemic control has not been totally eluci date d. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on several parameters and indices related to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects . Subjects/ Methods : A multicentric parallel trial was conducted on 191 participants ( 77 men and 114 women ) of the PREDIMED study in order to compare three dietary interventions : two Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil ( n=67 ; body mass index ( BMI ) = 29.4±2.9 ) or mixed nuts ( n=74 ; BMI = 30.1±3.1 ) and a low-fat diet ( n=50 ; BMI = 29.8±2.8 ) . There were no drop-outs . Changes in body weight and waist circumference were determined . Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR index , adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/HOMA-R ratios after 1 year of follow-up . Results : Increased values of adiponectin/leptin ratio ( P=0.043 , P=0.001 and P<0.001 for low-fat , olive oil and nut diets , respectively ) and adiponectin/HOMA-IR ratio ( P=0.061 , P=0.027 and P=0.069 for low-fat , olive oil and nut diets , respectively ) and decreased values of waist circumference ( P=0.003 , P=0.001 and P=0.001 for low-fat , olive oil and nut diets , respectively ) were observed in the three groups . In both Mediterranean  diet groups , but not in the low-fat diet group , this was associated with a significant reduction in body weight ( P=0.347 , P=0.003 and P=0.021 for low-fat , olive oil and nut diets , respectively ) . Conclusions : Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts  reduced total body weight and improved glucose metabolism to the same extent as the usually recommended low-fat diet
No significant treatment effects were observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR , however the direction of effect favoured tree nuts .
Pooled analyses show that tree nuts improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes , supporting their inclusion in a healthy diet .
BACKGROUND Tree nut consumption has been associated with reduced diabetes risk , however , results from r and omized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent .
OBJECTIVE To provide better evidence for diabetes guidelines development , we conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials to assess the effects of tree nuts on markers of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .