Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .
Calcium treatment of essential hypertension in elderly patients evaluated by 24 H monitoring.
We used 24-h monitoring of blood pressure ( BP ) to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on mild to moderate essential hypertension in elderly hospitalized patients for the first time in a controlled crossover study . The mean systolic and diastolic BP over a period of 24 h declined by 13.6 mm Hg ( P less than .005 ) and 5.0 mm Hg ( P less than .05 ) respectively in patients whose diet was supplemented with 1 g of elemental calcium in the form of oystershell electrolysate ( AA calcium ) .  Serum ionized calcium and urinary calcium and sodium excretion increased ( serum Ca2 + 0.16 + /- 0.03 mEq/L , P less than .05 ; FECa 0.5 + /- 0.2 % , P less than .05 ; FENa 0.4 + /- 0.1 % , P less than .05 ) and plasma parathyroid hormone was suppressed ( 12.2 + /- 2.3 pg/mL , P less than .005 ) . These data suggest that supplementation of dietary calcium may contribute to a reduction of BP in elderly patients with essential hypertension
Robust statistically significant effects were found for improved diet , aerobic exercise , alcohol and sodium restriction , and fish oil supplements : mean reductions in systolic blood pressure of 5.0 mmHg [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.1 - 7.0 ] , 4.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.0 - 7.1 ) , 3.8 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 1.4 - 6.1 ) , 3.6 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 2.5 - 4.6 ) and 2.3 mmHg ( 95 % CI : 0.2 - 4.3 ) , respectively , with corresponding reductions in diastolic blood pressure .
Relaxation significantly reduced blood pressure only when compared with non-intervention controls .
We found no robust evidence of any important effect on blood pressure of potassium , magnesium or calcium supplements .
Available evidence does not support relaxation therapies , calcium , magnesium or potassium supplements to reduce blood pressure
PURPOSE To quantify effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for hypertension .