Method ological factors affecting 6MWD include track length , encouragement , supplemental oxygen and walking aids .
Supplemental oxygen also affects ISWT and ESWT performance .
Responsiveness was moderate to high for all tests , with greater responsiveness to interventions that included exercise training .
The findings of this review demonstrate that the 6MWT , ISWT and ESWT are robust tests of functional exercise capacity in adults with chronic respiratory disease
This systematic review examined the measurement properties of the 6-min walk test ( 6MWT ) , incremental shuttle walk test ( ISWT ) and endurance shuttle walk test ( ESWT ) in adults with chronic respiratory disease .
Predicting Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights From the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL)
Background — Factors that determine survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) drive clinical management . A quantitative survival prediction tool has not been established for research or clinical use . Methods and Results — Data from 2716 patients with PAH enrolled consecutively in the US Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management ( REVEAL ) were analyzed to assess predictors of 1-year survival . We identified independent prognosticators of survival and derived a multivariable , weighted risk formula for clinical use . One-year survival from the date of enrollment was 91.0 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 89.9 to 92.1 ) . In a multivariable analysis with Cox proportional hazards , variables independently associated with increased mortality included pulmonary vascular resistance > 32 Wood units ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 4.1 ; 95 % CI , 2.0 to 8.3 ) , PAH associated with portal hypertension ( HR , 3.6 ; 95 % CI , 2.4 to 5.4 ) , modified New York Heart Association/World Health Organization functional class IV ( HR , 3.1 ; 95 % CI , 2.2 to 4.4 ) , men > 60 years of age ( HR , 2.2 ; 95 % CI , 1.6 to 3.0 ) , and family history of PAH ( HR , 2.2 ; 95 % CI , 1.2 to 4.0 ) . Renal insufficiency , PAH associated with connective tissue disease , functional class III , mean right atrial pressure , resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate , 6-minute walk distance , brain natriuretic peptide , percent predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity , and pericardial effusion on echocardiogram all predicted mortality . Based on these multivariable analyses , a prognostic equation was derived and vali date d by bootstrapping technique . Conclusions — We identified key predictors of survival based on the patient 's most recent evaluation and formulated a contemporary prognostic equation . Use of this tool may allow the individualization and optimization of therapeutic strategies . Serial follow-up and re assessment are warranted . Clinical Trial Registration — URL : http://www . clinical trials.gov . Unique identifier : NCT00370214
Method ological factors affecting 6MWD include track length , encouragement , supplemental oxygen and walking aids .
Supplemental oxygen also affects ISWT and ESWT performance .
Responsiveness was moderate to high for all tests , with greater responsiveness to interventions that included exercise training .
The findings of this review demonstrate that the 6MWT , ISWT and ESWT are robust tests of functional exercise capacity in adults with chronic respiratory disease
This systematic review examined the measurement properties of the 6-min walk test ( 6MWT ) , incremental shuttle walk test ( ISWT ) and endurance shuttle walk test ( ESWT ) in adults with chronic respiratory disease .