A greater reduction in BMI was found with multiple species of probiotics .
Consuming probiotics  could reduce body weight and BMI , with a potentially greater effect when multiple species of probiotics were consumed , the duration of intervention was ≥8 weeks , or the objects were overweight
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of probiotic therapies on body weight and BMI  using a meta- analysis of r and omized , controlled trials .
A 35-Year Trend Analysis for Back Pain in Austria: The Role of Obesity
Background The prevalence of back pain is constantly increasing and a public health problem of high priority . In Austria there is a lack of empirical evidence for the development of back pain and its related factors . The present study aims to investigate trends in the prevalence of back pain across different sub population s ( sex , age , obesity ) . Methods A secondary data analysis based on five nationally representative cross-sectional health surveys ( 1973–2007 ) was carried out . Face-to-face interviews were conducted in private homes in Austria . Subjects aged 20 years and older were included in the study sample ( n = 178,818 ) . Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and adjusted for self-report bias . Back pain was measured as the self-reported presence of the disorder . Results The age-st and ardized prevalence of back pain was 32.9 % in 2007 ; it was higher among women than men ( p<0.001 ) , higher in older than younger subjects ( p<0.001 ) and higher in obese than non-obese individuals ( p<0.001 ) . During the investigation period the absolute change in the prevalence of back pain was + 19.4 % . Among all sub population s the prevalence steadily increased . Obese men showed the highest increase of and the greatest risk for back pain . Conclusion These results help to underst and the development of back pain  in Austria and can be used to plan controlled promotion programs . Further monitoring is recommended in order to control risk groups and plan target group-specific prevention strategies . In Austria particular emphasis should be on obese individuals . We recommend conducting prospect i ve studies to confirm our results and investigate causal relationships
A greater reduction in BMI was found with multiple species of probiotics .
Consuming probiotics  could reduce body weight and BMI , with a potentially greater effect when multiple species of probiotics were consumed , the duration of intervention was ≥8 weeks , or the objects were overweight
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of probiotic therapies on body weight and BMI  using a meta- analysis of r and omized , controlled trials .