The programs based on aerobic exercise ( 60 min , 3 times/week , ≤75 % maximum heart rate ) improve the LDL-C and TG concentrations .
Moreover , the programs based on combined exercise ( ≥60 min , > 75 % maximum heart rate ) also improve the HDL-C concentration
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile ( high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) ) of obese children .
Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children.
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical activity on systemic blood pressure ( BP ) and early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children . BACKGROUND Hypertension and endothelial dysfunction are premature complications of obesity . METHODS We performed a 3-month r and omized controlled trial with a modified crossover design : 44 pre-pubertal obese children ( age 8.9 + or - 1.5 years ) were r and omly assigned ( 1:1 ) to an exercise ( n = 22 ) or a control group ( n = 22 ) . We recruited 22 lean children ( age 8.5 + or - 1.5 years ) for baseline comparison . The exercise group trained 60 min 3 times/week during 3 months , whereas control subjects remained relatively inactive . Then , both groups trained twice/week during 3 months . We assessed changes at 3 and 6 months in office and 24-h BP , arterial intima-media thickness ( IMT ) and stiffness , endothelial function ( flow-mediated dilation ) , body mass index ( BMI ) , body fat , cardiorespiratory fitness ( maximal oxygen consumption [ VO(2)max ] ) , physical activity , and biological markers . RESULTS Obese children had higher BP , arterial stiffness , body weight , BMI , abdominal fat , insulin resistance indexes , and C-reactive protein levels , and lower flow-mediated dilation , VO(2)max , physical activity , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than lean subjects . At 3 months , we observed significant changes in 24-h systolic BP ( exercise -6.9 + or - 13.5 mm Hg vs. control 3.8 + or - 7.9 mm Hg , -0.8 + or - 1.5 st and ard deviation score [ SDS ] vs. 0.4 + or - 0.8 SDS ) , diastolic BP ( -0.5 + or - 1.0 SDS vs. 0 + or - 1.4 SDS ) , hypertension rate ( -12 % vs. -1 % ) , office BP , BMI z-score , abdominal fat , and VO(2)max . At 6 months , change differences in arterial stiffness and IMT were significant . CONCLUSIONS A regular physical activity program reduces BP , arterial stiffness , and abdominal fat ; increases cardiorespiratory fitness ; and delays arterial wall remodeling in pre-pubertal obese children . ( Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Function and Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Obese Children : A R and omized Controlled Trial ; NCT00801645 )
The programs based on aerobic exercise ( 60 min , 3 times/week , ≤75 % maximum heart rate ) improve the LDL-C and TG concentrations .
Moreover , the programs based on combined exercise ( ≥60 min , > 75 % maximum heart rate ) also improve the HDL-C concentration
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile ( high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) ) of obese children .