Conclusions Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including , hs-CRP , TNF-a , IL-6 , IL-12 , and IL-4 , but it did not influence IL-1B , IL-8 , IFN-g , and IL-17 concentrations .
A significant increase in serum concentrations of IL-10 , as a anti-inflammatory cytokine was also documented after probiotic supplementation
Purpose No study has summarized earlier findings on the effect of probiotic supplementation on  inflammatory biomarkers .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was conducted to systematic ally review the available placebo-controlled clinical trials about the effect of probiotic supplementation  on several inflammatory biomarkers in adults .
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study of probiotics in active rheumatoid arthritis
Summary Background To examine the effect of probiotics as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . A sample size of 30 subjects was calculated to determine a moderate effect . Material / Methods A three month double-blind , placebo-controlled study was performed using probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 capsules administered orally . Inclusion criteria required at least 4 swollen and 4 tender joints and stable medications with no steroids for at least 1 month prior to and during the study . Twenty-nine patients with RA were r and omized to treatment .  ACR20 responses , serum cytokine levels and safety parameters were assessed . Results Fifteen patients were r and omized to the probiotic group , and 14 to placebo .  Three subjects in the probiotic ( 20 % ) and one in the placebo group ( 7 % ) achieved an ACR20 response ( p= 0.33 ) . There was no statistically significant difference between individual components of the ACR20 criteria . Changes in cytokines favored placebo over probiotic . There was a significant improvement in the Health Assessment Question naire ( HAQ ) score in the probiotic group from visit 1 to visit 3 ( p=0.02 ) but no between-group differences . Conclusions Due to inclusion criteria , patients selected for the study had stable RA with chronic synovitis , and thus it may have been difficult for an adjunctive therapy to demonstrate improvement within 3 months . Although probiotics did not clinical ly improve RA as measured by the ACR20 , it is interesting that there was functional improvement seen within the probiotic group compared to placebo
Conclusions Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including , hs-CRP , TNF-a , IL-6 , IL-12 , and IL-4 , but it did not influence IL-1B , IL-8 , IFN-g , and IL-17 concentrations .
A significant increase in serum concentrations of IL-10 , as a anti-inflammatory cytokine was also documented after probiotic supplementation
Purpose No study has summarized earlier findings on the effect of probiotic supplementation on  inflammatory biomarkers .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was conducted to systematic ally review the available placebo-controlled clinical trials about the effect of probiotic supplementation  on several inflammatory biomarkers in adults .