Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
Mortality and Cause of Death after Hospital Discharge in 10,981 Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Background : The aim of this study was to examine the 1-year cumulative mortality rate and cause of death , and to identify the predictive factors for death after hospital discharge following ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) using data from the Japan Multicenter Stroke Investigators ’ Collaboration study . Methods : We prospect ively registered 16,922 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA from May 1999 to April 2000 in 156 Japanese hospitals . We mailed a question naire to the 15,322 patients who were alive at hospital discharge . Results : 10,981 patients ( 6,945 men , 4,036 women , age 70 ± 11 years , median 71 , range 19–100 years ) were enrolled in the follow-up study . The mean follow-up period was 271 ± 110 days ( median 272 days ; range 1–487 days ) . The 1-year cumulative mortality was 6.8 % ( 7.0 % for 10,234 stroke patients and 3.5 % for 747 TIA patients ) . The causes of death were : cerebrovascular disease , 24.1 % ; pneumonia , 22.6 % ; heart disease , 18.1 % ; cancer , 11.0 % , and miscellaneous causes , 24.1 % . Multivariate analysis suggested that male gender , age , diabetes mellitus , atrial fibrillation , history of stroke , nonlacunar stroke , functional disability and transfer to another hospital or nursing home on discharge were significant independent predictors of death during the follow-up period . Conclusions : The major causes of death after hospital discharge were found to be cerebrovascular diseases , pneumonia and heart diseases . Thus , in order to improve survival after hospital discharge , in addition to appropriate management of vascular risk factors following stroke , it appears to be important to take measures to prevent pneumonia and to discharge patients to their own home , if possible
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .