There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
Exploring the mechanisms of physical activity and dietary behavior change in the program x intervention for adolescents.
PURPOSE The objective of this investigation was to examine the mechanisms of physical activity and dietary behavior change in the Program X intervention . METHODS Program X involved a clustered r and omized controlled design with six schools ( N=124 participants , mean age=14.1+/-0.8 years ) r and omized to intervention  or control conditions  for the 6-month study period .  Physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption  were assessed using  pedometers and question naires , respectively . The theoretical framework of the intervention was assessed using structural equation modeling , mediation , and moderation analyses . RESULTS The model explained 56 % of the variance in physical activity at 6-months , but did not represent a good fit to the data , chi(2)=87.43 , df=19 , p < .001 . The model explaining fruit and vegetable consumption explained 31 % of the variance and provided a good fit to the data , chi(2)=12.40 , df=10 , p=.259 . None of the variables satisfied the criteria for mediation or moderation in the physical activity model , but gender moderated the effects of intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption . CONCLUSIONS None of the hypothesized mediators were responsible for behavior change in the Program X intervention . Future studies should address the limitations of existing psychosocial scales and continue to explore the mechanisms of behavior change using model testing , mediation , and moderation analyses
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .