There is low to high ( majority moderate ) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose , triglycerides , and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points .
There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes ( body weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , quality of life ) in response to either of the diets ( very-low- to high-certainty evidence ) .
Conclusions Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40 % yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30 % in people with T2D .
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D .
Lipoprotein compositional changes in the fasting and postprandial state on a high-carbohydrate low-fat and a high-fat diet in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Our aims were 1 ) to examine the effects of a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet on fasting and postpr and ial plasma lipids , apolipoproteins ( apo ) , and lipoprotein composition in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus , and 2 ) to determine whether postpr and ial shift of apo between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ( TRLP ) and high density lipoproteins ( HDL ) is affected by diet . A cross-over study , of 4 weeks duration , of a high-carbohydrate ( 60 % carbohydrate , 20 % fat ) and a high-fat ( 40 % carbohydrate , 40 % fat ) diet was performed in seven subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .  TRLP , low density lipoproteins ( LDL ) , and HDL were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography . The high-carbohydrate diet result ed in a decrease of fasting total , HDL , and LDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides . The apo composition of fasting TRLP and HDL was similar on both diets . TRLP apo CII , CIII , and E increased whereas HDL apo CII , CIII , and E decreased postpr and ially on both diets . In contrast , TRLP apo CI increased , and HDL apo CI decreased only after the high-carbohydrate diet . We conclude that 1 ) a high carbohydrate diet results in a decrease in total , LDL , and HDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides ; 2 ) fasting TRLP and HDL apo composition was similar on a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet ; and 3 ) on both diets , apo CII , CIII , and E transfer from HDL to TRLP postpr and ially . However , only the high-carbohydrate diet induced postpr and ial transfer of apo CI from HDL to TRLP . This may explain in part the changes in lipoproteins observed with this diet
There is low to high ( majority moderate ) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose , triglycerides , and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points .
There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes ( body weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , quality of life ) in response to either of the diets ( very-low- to high-certainty evidence ) .
Conclusions Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40 % yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30 % in people with T2D .
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D .