Evidence of low quality suggests that lactoferrin supplementation to enteral feeds with or without probiotics decreases late-onset sepsis and NEC stage II or III in preterm infants without adverse effects .
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin , a normal component of human colostrum and milk , can enhance host defenses and may be effective for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) in preterm neonates .
To assess the safety and effectiveness of lactoferrin supplementation to enteral feeds for prevention of sepsis and NEC in preterm neonates Secondary objectives 1 .
To determine the effects of lactoferrin supplementation to enteral feeds to prevent neonatal sepsis and /or NEC on duration of positive-pressure ventilation , development of chronic lung disease ( CLD ) or periventricular leukomalacia ( PVL ) , length of hospital stay to discharge among survivors , and adverse neurological outcomes at two years of age or later2 .
To determine the adverse effects of lactoferrin supplementation for prophylaxis of neonatal sepsis and /or NECWhen data were available , we analyzed the following subgroups.1 .
Gestational age < 32 weeks and 32 to 36 weeks2 .
Type of feeding : breast milk versus formula milk SEARCH METHODS : We used the search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group ( CNRG ) to up date our search in December 2016 .
Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants With Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: The Predominance of Gram-Negative Infections Continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 2002–2003
Background : Early onset neonatal sepsis ( EOS , occurring in the first 72 hours of life ) remains an important cause of illness and death among very low birth weight ( VLBW ) preterm infants . We previously reported a change in the distribution of pathogens associated with EOS from predominantly Gram-positive to primarily Gram-negative organisms . Objective : To compare rates of EOS and pathogens associated with infection among VLBW infants born at centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( NICHD ) Neonatal Research Network during 3 time periods : 1991–1993 ; 1998–2000 ; and 2002–2003 . Study Design : Prospect ively collected data from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network VLBW registry were retrospectively review ed . Rates of blood culture confirmed EOS , selected maternal and infant variables and pathogens associated with infection were compared between 2002–2003 and 2 previously published cohorts . Results : During the past 13 years , overall rates of EOS have remained stable ( 15–19 per 1000 live births of infants 401–1500 g ) . More than one-half of early infections in the 2002–2003 cohort were caused by Gram-negative organisms ( 53 % ) , with Escherichia coli the most common organism ( 41 % ) . Rates of group B streptococcal infections remain low ( 1.8 per 1000 live births ) . Between 1991–1993 and 1998–2000 , there was a significant increase in rates of E. coli infections ; but in 2002–2003 , there was no significant change ( 7.0 per 1000 live births ) . Infants with EOS continue to be at significantly increased risk for death compared with uninfected infants . Conclusion : EOS remains an uncommon but important cause of morbidity and mortality among VLBW infants . Gram-negative organisms continue to be the predominant pathogens associated with EOS
Evidence of low quality suggests that lactoferrin supplementation to enteral feeds with or without probiotics decreases late-onset sepsis and NEC stage II or III in preterm infants without adverse effects .
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin , a normal component of human colostrum and milk , can enhance host defenses and may be effective for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) in preterm neonates .
To assess the safety and effectiveness of lactoferrin supplementation to enteral feeds for prevention of sepsis and NEC in preterm neonates Secondary objectives 1 .
To determine the effects of lactoferrin supplementation to enteral feeds to prevent neonatal sepsis and /or NEC on duration of positive-pressure ventilation , development of chronic lung disease ( CLD ) or periventricular leukomalacia ( PVL ) , length of hospital stay to discharge among survivors , and adverse neurological outcomes at two years of age or later2 .
To determine the adverse effects of lactoferrin supplementation for prophylaxis of neonatal sepsis and /or NECWhen data were available , we analyzed the following subgroups.1 .
Gestational age < 32 weeks and 32 to 36 weeks2 .
Type of feeding : breast milk versus formula milk SEARCH METHODS : We used the search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group ( CNRG ) to up date our search in December 2016 .