R and omized controlled trials found a positive correlation for SB with BMI , neck circumference , fat mass , HbA1C , cholesterol and insulin levels , cohort studies additionally for WC , leptin , C-peptide , ApoA1 and Low density lipoprotein and a negative correlation for HDL .
Most studied biomarkers associated with SB were of cardiovascular or metabolic origin .
OBJECTIVE Pathomechanisms of sedentary behaviour ( SB ) are unclear .
We conducted a systematic review to investigate the associations between SB and various biomarkers in older adults .
Circadian profile of cardiac autonomic nervous modulation in healthy subjects: differing effects of aging and gender on heart rate variability.
UNLABELLED Circadian Profile of Heart Rate Variability . INTRODUCTION Although heart rate variability ( HRV ) has been established as a tool to study cardiac autonomic activity , almost no data are available on the circadian patterns of HRV in healthy subjects aged 20 to 70 years . METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 166 healthy volunteers ( 81 women and 85 men ; age 42 + /- 15 years , range 20 - 70 ) without evidence of cardiac disease .  Time-domain HRV parameters were determined from 24-hour Holter monitoring and calculated as hourly mean values and mean 24-hour values . All volunteers were fully mobile , awoke around 7 A.M. , and had 6 to 8 hours of sleep . Circadian profiles of vagus-associated HRV parameters revealed a marked day-night pattern , with a peak at nighttime and a plateau at daytime . The characteristic nocturnal peak and the day-night amplitude diminished with aging by decade . Estimates of overall HRV ( geometric triangular index [ TI ] , SD of NN intervals [ SDNN ] ) and long-term components of HRV ( SD of the averages of NN intervals for all 5-min segments [ SDANN ] ) were low at nighttime and increased in the morning hours . There was a significant decline of 24-hour values of all HRV parameters ( P < 0.001 ) and a strong negative correlation ( P < 0.001 ) with increasing age . Mean 24-hour RR interval ( P < 0.001 ) , SDNN , mean SD of NN intervals for all 5-minute intervals ( SDNNi ) , and SDANN ( all P < 0.01 ) were significantly higher in men . Younger men also exhibited significantly higher values for vagus-associated parameters ( root mean square successive difference [ rMSSD ] , P < 0.05 ; SDNNi , P < 0.01 ) ; however , gender differences diminished with increasing age . CONCLUSION Normal aging is associated with a constant decline of cardiac vagal modulation due to a significant decrease of nocturnal parasympathetic activity . The significant gender-related difference of HRV decreases with aging . These findings emphasize the need to determine age- , gender- , and nycthemeral-dependent normal ranges for HRV assessment
R and omized controlled trials found a positive correlation for SB with BMI , neck circumference , fat mass , HbA1C , cholesterol and insulin levels , cohort studies additionally for WC , leptin , C-peptide , ApoA1 and Low density lipoprotein and a negative correlation for HDL .
Most studied biomarkers associated with SB were of cardiovascular or metabolic origin .
OBJECTIVE Pathomechanisms of sedentary behaviour ( SB ) are unclear .
We conducted a systematic review to investigate the associations between SB and various biomarkers in older adults .