Hence , continuous and everyday monitoring of behavioral aspects in affective disorders could be a promising supplementary objective measure for estimating depressive mood symptoms .
BACKGROUND Several studies have recently reported on the correlation between objective behavioral features collected via mobile and wearable devices and depressive mood symptoms in patients with affective disorders ( unipolar and bipolar disorders ) .
However , individual studies have reported on different and sometimes contradicting results , and no quantitative systematic review of the correlation between objective behavioral features and depressive mood symptoms has been published .
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this systematic review were to ( 1 ) provide an overview of the correlations between objective behavioral features and depressive mood symptoms reported in the literature and ( 2 ) investigate the strength and statistical significance of these correlations across studies .
The answers to these questions could potentially help identify which objective features have shown most promising results across studies .
Detecting Bipolar Depression From Geographic Location Data
< italic > Objective : < /italic > This paper aims to identify periods of depression using geolocation movements recorded from mobile phones in a prospect i ve community study of individuals with bipolar disorder ( BD ) . < italic > M</italic > ethods : Anonymized geographic location recordings from 22 BD participants and 14 healthy controls ( HC ) were collected over 3 months . Participants reported their depressive symptomatology using a weekly question naire ( QIDS-SR < sub>16</sub > ) . Recorded location data were preprocessed by detecting and removing imprecise data points and features were extracted to assess the level and regularity of geographic movements of the participant . A subset of features were selected using a wrapper feature selection method and presented to 1 ) a linear regression model and a quadratic generalized linear model with a logistic link function for question naire score estimation ; and 2 ) a quadratic discriminant analysis classifier for depression detection in BD participants based on their question naire responses . < italic > R < /italic > esults : HC participants did not report depressive symptoms and their features showed similar distributions to nondepressed BD participants . Question naire score estimation using geolocation-derived features from BD participants demonstrated an optimal mean absolute error rate of 3.73 , while depression detection demonstrated an optimal ( median < inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula > IQR ) < inline-formula > < tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{F}_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula > score of 0.857 < inline-formula > < tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula > 0.022 using five features ( classification accuracy : 0.849 < inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula > 0.016 ; sensitivity : 0.839 < inline-formula > < tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula > 0.014 ; specificity : 0.872 < inline-formula > < tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula > 0.047 ) . < italic > C</italic > onclusion : These results demonstrate a strong link between geographic movements and depression in bipolar disorder . < italic > S</italic > ignificance : To our knowledge , this is the first community study of passively recorded objective markers of depression in bipolar disorder of this scale . The techniques could help individuals monitor their depression and enable healthcare providers to detect those in need of care or treatment
Hence , continuous and everyday monitoring of behavioral aspects in affective disorders could be a promising supplementary objective measure for estimating depressive mood symptoms .
BACKGROUND Several studies have recently reported on the correlation between objective behavioral features collected via mobile and wearable devices and depressive mood symptoms in patients with affective disorders ( unipolar and bipolar disorders ) .
However , individual studies have reported on different and sometimes contradicting results , and no quantitative systematic review of the correlation between objective behavioral features and depressive mood symptoms has been published .
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this systematic review were to ( 1 ) provide an overview of the correlations between objective behavioral features and depressive mood symptoms reported in the literature and ( 2 ) investigate the strength and statistical significance of these correlations across studies .
The answers to these questions could potentially help identify which objective features have shown most promising results across studies .