There is very-low- quality evidence that clonidine has a small effect on oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in youth with ADHD , with and without ODD or CD .
There is moderate- quality evidence that guanfacine has a small-to-moderate effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with ADHD , with and without ODD .
There is high- quality evidence that atomoxetine has a small effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with ADHD , with and without ODD or CD .
Conclusions : Evidence indicates that psychostimulants , alpha-2 agonists , and atomoxetine can be beneficial for disruptive and aggressive behaviours in addition to core ADHD symptoms ; however , psychostimulants generally provide the most benefit
Objective : Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) may have oppositional behaviour , conduct problems , and aggression .
These symptoms vary in severity , and may be related to a comorbid diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) or conduct disorder ( CD ) .
Critical evaluation of the efficacy of ADHD medications may guide the clinician regarding the usefulness of medications for these symptoms .
Comparison of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily Ritalin® and once-daily Equasym™ XL with placebo in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of two methylpheni date ( MPH ) formulations — once-daily modified-release MPH ( EqXL , Equasym ™ XL ) and twice-daily immediate-release methylpheni date ( MPH-IR , Ritalin ® )— and placebo in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) . Methods Children aged 6–12 years on a stable dose of MPH were r and omized into a double-blind , three-arm , parallel-group , multi-center study and received 3 weeks of EqXL ( 20 , 40 , or 60 mg qd ) , MPH-IR ( 10 , 20 , or 30 mg bid ) or placebo . Non-inferiority of EqXL to MPH-IR was assessed by the difference in the inattention/overactivity component of the overall teacher ’s IOWA Conners ’ Rating Scale on the last week of treatment ( per protocol population ) . Safety was monitored by adverse events , laboratory parameters , vital signs , physical exam , and a Side Effect Rating Scale . Results The lower 97.5 % confidence interval bound of the difference between MPH groups fell above the non-inferiority margin ( −1.5 points ) not only during the last week of treatment but during all three treatment weeks . Both MPH-treatment groups experienced superior benefit when compared to placebo during all treatment weeks ( P < 0.001 ) . All treatments were well tolerated . Conclusions EqXL given once-daily was non-inferior to MPH-IR given twice-daily . Both treatments were superior to placebo in reducing ADHD symptoms
There is very-low- quality evidence that clonidine has a small effect on oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in youth with ADHD , with and without ODD or CD .
There is moderate- quality evidence that guanfacine has a small-to-moderate effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with ADHD , with and without ODD .
There is high- quality evidence that atomoxetine has a small effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with ADHD , with and without ODD or CD .
Conclusions : Evidence indicates that psychostimulants , alpha-2 agonists , and atomoxetine can be beneficial for disruptive and aggressive behaviours in addition to core ADHD symptoms ; however , psychostimulants generally provide the most benefit
Objective : Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) may have oppositional behaviour , conduct problems , and aggression .
These symptoms vary in severity , and may be related to a comorbid diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) or conduct disorder ( CD ) .
Critical evaluation of the efficacy of ADHD medications may guide the clinician regarding the usefulness of medications for these symptoms .