We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .
Treatment with hormone therapy and calcitriol did not affect depression in older postmenopausal women: no interaction with estrogen and vitamin D receptor genotype polymorphisms
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hormone therapy and calcitriol on  depression in older postmenopausal women and to determine whether the response was associated with polymorphisms of estrogen receptor & agr ; and vitamin D receptor . Methods In a double-blind placebo-controlled prospect i ve trial involving 489 postmenopausal older women , a secondary analysis of depression was done . The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to screen for depression . We used binary logistic regression to examine the effect of treatment on depression and one-way analysis of variance to find a relationship between gene polymorphisms and depression . Results There was no effect of hormone therapy ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.65 ; 95 % CI , 0.66 - 4.12 ; P = 0.277 ) , calcitriol ( OR , 1.15 ; 95 % CI , 0.43 - 3.11 ; P = 0.772 ) , or hormone therapy with calcitriol ( OR , 1.01 ; 95 % CI , 0.36 - 2.80 ; P = 0.979 ) on depression . Neither the polymorphisms of estrogen receptor & agr ; ( XbaI-&bgr ; = 0.093 ; CI , −0.337 to 1.350 ; P = 0.239 and PvuII-&bgr ; = −0.064 ; CI , −1.171 to 0.491 , P = 0.421 ) nor those of vitamin D receptor ( BsmI-&bgr ; = 0.044 , CI −2.546 to 3.030 , P = 0.865 and TaqI-&bgr ; = −0.015 , CI −2.900 to 2.738 , P = 0.955 ) were associated with depression . Conclusion In older postmenopausal women , there was no effect of hormone therapy and calcitriol either individually or in combination with depression . Estrogen receptor & agr ; and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are not associated with depression or the response to intervention in older postmenopausal women . Additional trials are required to confirm these findings
We found high quality evidence that hormone therapy in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infa rct ion , angina , or revascularisation .
There was no strong evidence of effect on risk of stroke in this group .
Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall , for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events
BACKGROUND Evidence from systematic review s of observational studies suggests that hormone therapy may have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in post-menopausal women , however the results of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) have had mixed results .
This is an up date d version of a Cochrane review published in 2013 .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hormone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women , and whether there are differential effects between use in primary or secondary prevention .
Secondary aims were to undertake exploratory analyses to ( i ) assess the impact of time since menopause that treatment was commenced ( ≥ 10 years versus < 10 years ) , and where these data were not available , use age of trial participants at baseline as a proxy ( ≥ 60 years of age versus < 60 years of age ) ; and ( ii ) assess the effects of length of time on treatment .