The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .
Development and preliminary evaluation of an integrated treatment targeting parenting and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
OBJECTIVE More than 50 % of mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with impaired parenting and predict adverse developmental and treatment outcomes for children with ADHD . For these reasons , we developed and examined the preliminary efficacy of an integrated treatment targeting parenting and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with ADHD . This integrated intervention incorporated elements of 2 evidence -based treatments : behavioral parent training ( BPT ) and cognitive behavioral depression treatment . METHOD Ninety-eight mothers with at least mild depressive symptoms were r and omized to receive either st and ard BPT ( n = 51 ) or the integrated parenting intervention for ADHD ( IPI-A ; n = 47 ) . Participants were assessed at baseline , posttreatment , and 3- to 6-month follow-up on measures of ( a ) self-reported maternal depressive symptoms , ( b ) observed positive and negative parenting , and ( c ) observed and mother-reported child disruptive behavior and mother-reported child and family impairment . RESULTS The IPI-A produced effects of small to moderate magnitude relative to BPT  on maternal depressive symptoms , observed negative parenting , observed child deviance , and child impairment at posttreatment and on maternal depressive symptoms , child disruptive behavior , child impairment and family functioning at follow-up . Contrary to expectations , the BPT group demonstrated moderate to large effects relative to IPI-A on observed positive parenting at follow-up . CONCLUSIONS This treatment development study provides encouraging preliminary support for the integrated intervention targeting parenting and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with ADHD . Future studies should examine whether this integrated intervention improves long-term developmental outcomes for children with ADHD . ( PsycINFO Data base Record ( c ) 2013 APA , all rights reserved )
The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .