All topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel groups ( 25 mg , 50 mg and 100 mg ) had improvements in pain that were superior to all other treatment arms , and the 50 mg topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel group had functional gains that were superior to all other treatment arms .
The majority of the adverse events were non-serious and related to skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders , with erythema being the most common .
Topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel is an effective means of treating symptoms of knee OA , and is superior to oral celecoxib , oral placebo and topical placebo .
The most commonly reported adverse events associated with the use of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel were non-severe skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders .
Furthermore , as topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel was associated with fewer adverse events when compared with oral celecoxib , and had rates of GI adverse events comparable with those of topical placebo , it may be ideal for those who are unable to take oral NSAIDs
PURPOSE Topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel has been used for the alleviation of symptoms in osteoarthritis .
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are associated with various side effects .
Topical NSAIDs are known to have a lower side-effect profile when compared with systemic administration .
The present systematic review aim ed to determine the safety and efficacy of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel in knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) .
Efficacy and safety of epicutaneous ketoprofen in Transfersome (IDEA-033) versus oral celecoxib and placebo in osteoarthritis of the knee: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Objective : To compare epicutaneous ketoprofen in Transfersome ( ultra-deformable vesicles , IDEA-033 ) versus oral celecoxib and placebo for relief of signs and symptoms in  knee osteoarthritis  . Methods : This was a multicentre , r and omised , double-blind , controlled trial ; 397 patients with knee osteoarthritis participated and 324 completed the trial . They were r and omly assigned 110 mg epicutaneous ketoprofen in 4.8 g Transfersome plus oral placebo ( n = 138 ) , 100 mg oral celecoxib plus placebo gel ( n = 132 ) , or both placebo formulations ( n = 127 ) twice daily for 6 weeks . Primary efficacy outcome measures were the changes from baseline to end of the study on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale , physical function subscale and patient global assessment ( PGA ) of response . Results : The mean WOMAC pain subscale scores in the intent to treat population were reduced by 18.2 ( 95 % confidence interval −22.1 to −14.3 ) , 20.3 ( −24.3 to −16.2 ) and 9.9 ( −13.9 to −5.8 ) in the IDEA-033 , celecoxib and placebo groups , respectively , and the physical function subscale score by 14.6 ( −18.1 to −11.0 ) , 16.6 ( −20.2 to −13.0 ) and 10.2 ( −13.8 to −6.6 ) , respectively . The mean PGA of response scores were 1.8 ( 1.6 to 2.1 ) , 1.7 ( 1.5 to 1.9 ) and 1.3 ( 1.1 to 1.5 ) , respectively . The differences in change between IDEA-033 and placebo were statistically significant for pain subscale ( p<0.01 ) and PGA of response ( p<0.01 ) . Gastrointestinal adverse events for IDEA-033 were similar to placebo . Conclusion : IDEA-033 is superior to placebo and comparable with celecoxib in relieving pain associated with an acute flare of knee osteoarthritis
All topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel groups ( 25 mg , 50 mg and 100 mg ) had improvements in pain that were superior to all other treatment arms , and the 50 mg topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel group had functional gains that were superior to all other treatment arms .
The majority of the adverse events were non-serious and related to skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders , with erythema being the most common .
Topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel is an effective means of treating symptoms of knee OA , and is superior to oral celecoxib , oral placebo and topical placebo .
The most commonly reported adverse events associated with the use of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel were non-severe skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders .
Furthermore , as topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel was associated with fewer adverse events when compared with oral celecoxib , and had rates of GI adverse events comparable with those of topical placebo , it may be ideal for those who are unable to take oral NSAIDs
PURPOSE Topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel has been used for the alleviation of symptoms in osteoarthritis .
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are associated with various side effects .
Topical NSAIDs are known to have a lower side-effect profile when compared with systemic administration .
The present systematic review aim ed to determine the safety and efficacy of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel in knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) .