Conclusions : The available literature suggests that African American breast cancer survivors adhere to interventions of various modalities and are capable of making modest to significant changes .
Background : African American breast cancer survivors have a higher incidence of estrogen receptor negative and basal-like ( e.g. , triple negative ) tumors , placing them at greater risk for poorer survival when compared to women of other racial and ethnic groups .
While access to equitable care , late disease stage at diagnosis , tumor biology , and sociodemographic characteristics contribute to health disparities , poor lifestyle characteristics ( i.e. , inactivity , obesity , and poor diet ) contribute equally to these disparities .
Lifestyle interventions hold promise in shielding African American survivors from second cancers , comorbidities , and premature mortality , but they are often underrepresented in studies promoting positive behaviors .
This review examined the available literature to document health behaviors and lifestyle intervention ( i.e. , obesity , physical activity , and sedentary behavior ) studies in African American breast cancer survivors .
Effects of exercise interventions during different treatments in breast cancer.
Previous findings suggest that exercise is a safe and efficacious means of improving physiological and psychosocial outcomes in female breast cancer survivors . To date , most research has focused on post-treatment interventions . However , given that the type and severity of treatment-related adverse effects may be dependent on the type of treatment , and that the effects are substantially more pronounced during treatment , an assessment of the safety and efficacy of exercise during treatment is warranted . In this review , we present and evaluate the results of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) conducted during breast cancer treatment . We conducted literature search es to identify studies examining exercise interventions in breast cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy or radiation .  Data were extracted on physiological and psychosocial outcomes . Cohen 's d effect sizes were calculated for each outcome . A total of 17 studies involving 1,175 participants undergoing active cancer therapy met the inclusion criteria . Findings revealed that , on average , exercise interventions result ed in moderate to large improvements in muscular strength : resistance exercise ( RE , 𝑑 = 0.86 ) , aerobic exercise  ( AE , 𝑑 = 0.55 ) , small to moderate improvements in cardiovascular functioning ( RE , 𝑑 = 0.45 ; AE , 𝑑 = 0.17 , combination exercise ( COMB , 𝑑 = 0.31 ) and quality of life ( QoL ; RE , 𝑑 = 0.30 ; AE , 𝑑 = 0.50 ; COMB , 𝑑 = 0.63 ) . The results of this review suggest that exercise is a safe , feasible , and efficacious intervention in breast cancer patients who are undergoing different types of treatment . Additional research addressing the different modes of exercise during each type of treatment is warranted to assess the comparable efficacy of the various exercise modes during established breast cancer treatments
Conclusions : The available literature suggests that African American breast cancer survivors adhere to interventions of various modalities and are capable of making modest to significant changes .
Background : African American breast cancer survivors have a higher incidence of estrogen receptor negative and basal-like ( e.g. , triple negative ) tumors , placing them at greater risk for poorer survival when compared to women of other racial and ethnic groups .
While access to equitable care , late disease stage at diagnosis , tumor biology , and sociodemographic characteristics contribute to health disparities , poor lifestyle characteristics ( i.e. , inactivity , obesity , and poor diet ) contribute equally to these disparities .
Lifestyle interventions hold promise in shielding African American survivors from second cancers , comorbidities , and premature mortality , but they are often underrepresented in studies promoting positive behaviors .
This review examined the available literature to document health behaviors and lifestyle intervention ( i.e. , obesity , physical activity , and sedentary behavior ) studies in African American breast cancer survivors .