Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .
Neighbourhood fruit and vegetable availability and consumption: the role of small food stores in an urban environment.
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on the relationship of dietary intake to the neighbourhood food environment have focused on access to supermarkets , quantified by geographic distance or store concentration measures . However , in-store food availability may also be an important determinant , particularly for urban neighbourhoods with a greater concentration of small food stores . This study synthesis es both types of information - store access and in-store availability - to determine their potential relationship to fruit and vegetable consumption . DESIGN Residents in four census tracts were surveyed in 2001 about their fruit and vegetable intake . Household distances to food stores in these and surrounding tracts were obtained using geographical information system mapping techniques . In-store fruit and vegetable availability was measured by linear shelf space . Multivariate linear regression models were used to measure the association of these neighbourhood availability measures with consumption . SETTING Four contiguous census tracts in central -city New Orleans . SUBJECTS A r and om sample of 102 households . RESULTS Greater fresh vegetable availability within 100 m of a residence was a positive predictor of vegetable intake ; each additional metre of shelf space was associated with 0.35 servings per day of increased intake . Fresh fruit availability was not associated with intake , although having a small food store within this same distance was a marginal predictor of fruit consumption . CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the possible importance of small neighbourhood food stores and their fresh produce availability in affecting fruit and vegetable intake
Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified , providing a set of specific evidence -based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation .
Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet , increasing activity , and reducing tobacco use .
The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust , as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps , informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies .
This systematic review identified and grade d the evidence for a range of population -based strategies to promote lifestyle change .
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors , including suboptimal diet , physical inactivity , and tobacco use , are leading causes of preventable diseases globally .
Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes , the optimal population -level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established .