The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .
Changes in CD4+ cell count and the risk of opportunistic infection or death after highly active antiretroviral treatment
Objective : To study the relationship between the CD4 + cell response after initiation of protease inhibitors and the occurrence of opportunistic infections and survival . Design : Prospect i ve observational cohort study . Methods : HIV-1-seropositive subjects followed-up in HIV centres of Bordeaux University Hospital , Southwest France who were prescribed at least one available protease inhibitor between January and December 1996 were included in this analysis . A Cox model estimated the independent effect of baseline covariates and CD4 + cell response , considered as a time-dependent covariate , on the occurrence of new AIDS-defining opportunistic infection , new AIDS-defining events , new AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or death . Results : A total of 556 HIV-positive patients were prescribed at least one protease inhibitor : 34 % saquinavir , 52 % indinavir , and 14 % ritonavir .  Median CD4 + cell count at baseline was 95 × 106/l and mean plasma HIV RNA was 5.0 log10 copies/ml . After a median follow-up of 230 days , 65 patients experienced a new episode of opportunistic infection , 79 patients experienced at least one AIDS-defining event , and 24 had died . On average , the increase in CD4 + cell count was 42 × 106/l ( SD , 74 ) after a median of 49 days . In the multivariate analysis of opportunistic infection or death , each 50 % higher CD4 + cell count at baseline was associated with a 23 % reduction [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 14–30 ] of risk . Each 50 % increase in CD4 + cell count during follow-up was associated with a 9 % reduction ( 95 % CI , 2–15 ) of risk , adjusted for the presence of AIDS prior to protease inhibitor therapy ( hazard ratio , 3.76 versus absence of AIDS ; P < 0.01 ) and haemoglobin level ( hazard ratio , 0.48 if ≥ 11 g/dl versus < 11 g/dl ; P < 0.01 ) . Conclusion : Our results show , at least indirectly , how protease inhibitors might produce clinical stabilization . This result may be due to improved functionality of CD4 + cells in patients started on protease inhibitors
The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers , but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure , adiposity , insulin resistance , and blood lipids .
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health .
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress , but evidence has not systematic ally been evaluated .
OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate systematic ally the effects of lutein ( intake or concentrations ) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages .