None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .
Comparison of low-fat versus Mediterranean-style dietary intervention after first myocardial infarction (from The Heart Institute of Spokane Diet Intervention and Evaluation Trial).
Whether a Mediterranean-style diet reduces cardiovascular events and mortality more than a low-fat diet is uncertain . The objectives of this study were to actively compare low-fat and Mediterranean-style diets  after first myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) in a r and omized , controlled clinical trial and to compare dietary intervention per se with usual care in a case-control analysis . First MI survivors were r and omized to a  low-fat ( n = 50 ) or Mediterranean-style ( n = 51 ) diet . The 2 diets were low in saturated fat ( < or = 7 % kcal ) and cholesterol ( < or = 200 mg/day ) ; the Mediterranean-style diet was distinguished by greater omega-3 fat intake ( > 0.75 % kcal ) . Participants received individual dietary counseling sessions , 2 within the first month and again at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months , along with 6 group sessions . Combined dietary intervention  groups ( cases , n = 101 ) were compared with a usual-care group ( controls , n = 101 ) matched for age , gender , MI type and treatment , and status of diabetes mellitus and hypertension . Primary - outcome -free survival ( a composite of all-cause and cardiac deaths , MI , hospital admissions for heart failure , unstable angina pectoris , or stroke ) did not differ between low-fat ( 42 of 50 ) and Mediterranean-style ( 43 of 51 ) diet groups over a median follow-up period of 46 months ( range 18 to 72 ; log-rank p = 0.81 ) . Patients receiving dietary intervention had better primary - outcome -free survival ( 85 of 101 ) than usual-care controls ( 61 of 101 ) ( log-rank p < 0.001 ) , with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of 0.33 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.18 to 0.60 , p < 0.001 ) and 0.28 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.13 to 0.63 , p = 0.002 ) , respectively . In conclusion , active intervention with either a low-fat or a Mediterranean-style diet similarly and significantly benefits overall and cardiovascular-event-free survival after MI
None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters .
The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet .
The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control can not be concluded from the present review .
BACKGROUND Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management , yet many find this difficult .
Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated .
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis aim ing to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss .