In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: a clinical intervention study of effects on energy intake, appetite, and energy expenditure after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects.
BACKGROUND There is a lack of appetite studies in free-living subjects supplying the habitual diet with either sucrose or artificially sweetened beverages and foods . Furthermore , the focus of artificial sweeteners has only been on the energy intake ( EI ) side of the energy-balance equation . The data are from a subgroup from a 10-wk study , which was previously published . OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate changes in EI and energy expenditure ( EE ) as possible reasons for the changes in body weight during 10 wk of supplementation of either sucrose or artificial sweeteners in overweight subjects . DESIGN Supplements of sucrose-sweetened beverages and foods ( 2 g/kg body weight ; n = 12 ) or similar amounts containing artificial sweeteners ( n = 10 ) were given single-blind in a 10-wk parallel design . Beverages accounted for 80 % and solid foods for 20 % by weight of the supplements . The rest of the diet was free choice . Indirect 24-h whole-body calorimetry was performed at weeks 0 and 10 . At week 0 the diet was a weight-maintaining st and ardized diet . At week 10 the diet consisted of the supplements and ad libitum choice of foods .  Visual analog scales were used to record appetite . RESULTS Body weight increased in the sucrose group and decreased in the sweetener group during the intervention . The sucrose group had a 3.3-MJ higher EI but felt less full and had higher ratings of prospect i ve food consumption than did the sweetener group at week 10 . Basal metabolic rate was increased in the sucrose group , whereas 24-h EE was increased in both groups at week 10 . Energy balance in the sucrose group was more positive than in the sweetener group at the stay at week 10 . CONCLUSION The changes in body weight in the 2 groups during the 10-wk intervention seem to be attributable to changes in EI rather than to changes in EE
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .