In the fixed effect model , the warming group had significantly less pain and lower incidence of wound infection , compared with the no-warming group .
In the r and om effect model , the warming group was also associated with lower risk of post-anesthetic shivering .
Both in the r and om and the fixed effect models , the warming group was associated with significantly less blood loss .
Perioperative warming of surgical patients is effective in reducing postoperative wound pain , wound infection and shivering .
Systemic warming of the surgical patient is also associated with less perioperative blood loss through preventing hypothermia-induced coagulopathy .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematic ally analyze the trials on the effectiveness of perioperative warming in surgical patients .
Effects of Mild Hypothermia on Blood Coagulation in Patients Undergoing Elective Plastic Surgery
Background : The aim of this prospect i ve , controlled study was to evaluate the effects on coagulation function of active patient warming during elective plastic surgery . Methods : Seventy-six patients undergoing elective plastic surgery ( additive and reductive mastoplasty , rhinoplasty , and liposuction )  were either covered with st and ard sterile drapes ( control group , n = 38 ) or actively warmed during surgery with countercurrent fluid warming and forced-air skin warming ( treatment group , n = 38 ) . Complete evaluation of the coagulation activity was performed 1 hour before general anesthesia was induced and then at the end of surgery . Results : Although no differences in preoperative core temperature were observed ( 36.0 ± 0.5 ° C in the control group and 36.1 ± 0.4 ° C in the treatment group ; p = 0.12 ) , core temperature was lower at the end of surgery in the control group ( 34 ± 1.0 ° C ) than in the treatment group ( 36 ± 0.6 ° C ) ( p = 0.0005 ) . No differences in prothrombin time and fibrinogen plasma concentrations were observed between the two groups . At the end of surgery , control group patients showed significantly larger activated partial thromboplastin times ( 36.8 ± 3.5 seconds ) and bleeding times ( 8.1 ± 1.6 minutes ) as compared with patients maintained normothermic during surgery ( 34.0 ± 2.9 seconds and 4.3 ± 1.1 minutes ; p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0005 , respectively ) . Conclusion : Actively maintaining intraoperative normothermia allows patients to maintain normal coagulation function during elective plastic surgery lasting longer than 2 hours , potentially reducing the occurrence of bleeding-related complications after plastic surgery
In the fixed effect model , the warming group had significantly less pain and lower incidence of wound infection , compared with the no-warming group .
In the r and om effect model , the warming group was also associated with lower risk of post-anesthetic shivering .
Both in the r and om and the fixed effect models , the warming group was associated with significantly less blood loss .
Perioperative warming of surgical patients is effective in reducing postoperative wound pain , wound infection and shivering .
Systemic warming of the surgical patient is also associated with less perioperative blood loss through preventing hypothermia-induced coagulopathy .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematic ally analyze the trials on the effectiveness of perioperative warming in surgical patients .