This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .
Postoperative Effects of Fentanyl, Ketorolac, and Piroxicam as Analgesics for Outpatient Laparoscopic Procedures
Objective : To compare blood volumes and hematologic indices between nine aerobically trained , physically active pregnant women who continued to exercise throughout gestation and five healthy yet sedentary gravidas . Methods : Subjects were tested on three occasions : 25 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and 12 weeks postpartum . Plasma volumes were estimated by dye dilution with Evans blue . Blood sample s were taken from the antecubital vein with the subjects resting in a seated , semirecumbent position . In addition to plasma volume estimations , blood sample s were analyzed for hematocrit ratio , hemoglobin concentration , red cell count , and plasma protein concentration . Blood volumes and red cell volumes were calculated from plasma volume estimates and hematocrit ratios . Results : Average birth weight and length of gestation did not differ between the subject groups . Analysis of variance indicated that absolute blood volume measures were significantly greater ( P < .01 ) in the physically active compared to sedentary subjects at all three test times . Similar results were found for plasma and red cell volumes ( P < .01 ) . Blood volumes relative to body weight were significantly higher in physically active subjects ( P < .01 ) than in their sedentary counterparts at 25 weeks ( 88.5 versus 75.5 mL/ kg ) and at 36 weeks ( 88.4 versus 70.9 mL/ kg ) , as well as at 12 weeks postpartum ( 72.2 versus 57.6 mL/ kg ) . All vascular volumes were significantly ( P < 001 ) lower at 12 weeks postpartum compared to those seen during pregnancy in both subject groups . Hematologic indices of hematocrit ratio , hemoglobin concentration , red cell count , and plasma protein concentration were all greater ( P < 001 ) at 12 weeks postpartum than during pregnancy
This approach has been design ed to provide adequate analgesia while minimizing exposure to adverse events
Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over the open procedure for postoperative pain .
However , a systematic review of postoperative pain management in this procedure has not been conducted .