68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .
Types of interventions made by clinical pharmacists in the IMPROVE study. Impact of Managed Pharmaceutical Care on Resource Utilization and Outcomes in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.
The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the activities and interventions provided by ambulatory care clinical pharmacists during the IMPROVE ( Impact of Managed Pharmaceutical Care on Re source Utilization and Outcomes in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers ) study . A total of 523 patients were r and omized into the intervention arm at nine Veterans Affairs medical centers if they were considered to be at high risk for drug-related problems . Patients r and omized to the control group had no interventions  and they are not reported . Using a st and ard form , pharmacists were asked to document the length of visit , method of contact , medical conditions addressed , and drug-related problems addressed and resolved during each contact . Seventy-eight ambulatory care clinical pharmacists documented 1855 contacts over 12 months , an average of 3.54 + /- 2.31/patient . The length of visits was 15 minutes or more for 73 % of contacts . In-person contacts accounted for 1421 visits ( 76.6 % ) , with the remainder being telephone contacts . During each contact the average number of drug-related problems addressed and resolved were 1.64 + /- 1.16 and 1.14 + /- 0.98 , respectively . More drug-related problems were addressed and resolved when visits were 15 minutes or longer ( p=0.001 ) and when the contact was in person ( p=0.001 ) . These data may provide information to clinical pharmacists developing pharmacy-managed clinics for patients at high risk for drug-related problems . The information may be a benchmark for types of interventions that can be made , as well as the time commitments required to make them
68 % of the outcomes reported showed that clinical pharmacy services were associated with better improvement in patients ' outcomes compared with the control group .
The involvement of a pharmacist demonstrated an ability to improve CVD outcomes through providing educational intervention , medicine management intervention , or a combination of both .
These interventions result ed in improved CVD risk factors , improved patient outcomes , and reduced number of drug-related problems with a direct effect on CVD control .
These improvements may lead to an improvement in patient quality of life , better use of health care re sources , and a reduced rate of mortality
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is considered to be the main cause of death and one of the most common diseases affecting health care systems worldwide .
Many methods have been used to improve CVD outcomes , one of which is to involve clinical pharmacists in the direct care of patients with CVD .
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions within a multidisciplinary team in the secondary prevention of CVD , using studies conducted on patients with heart failure , coronary heart disease , or those with CVD risk factors .