Associations between objective ly measured total sedentary time and indicators of adiposity and motor development were predominantly null .
Associations between screen time and indicators of adiposity , motor or cognitive development , and psychosocial health were primarily unfavourable or null .
Associations between time spent seated ( e.g. , in car seats or strollers ) or in the supine position , and indicators of adiposity and motor development , were primarily unfavourable or null .
Conclusions These findings continue to support the importance of minimizing screen time for disease prevention and health promotion in the early years , but also highlight the potential cognitive benefits of interactive non-screen-based sedentary behaviours such as reading and storytelling .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between  sedentary behaviour ( SB ) and health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years , and to determine what doses of SB ( i.e. , duration , patterns [ frequency , interruptions ] , and type ) were associated with health indicators .
Early childhood electronic media use as a predictor of poorer well-being: a prospective cohort study.
IMPORTANCE Identifying associations between preschool-aged children 's electronic media use and their later well-being is essential to supporting positive long-term outcomes . OBJECTIVE To investigate possible dose-response associations of young children 's electronic media use with their later well-being . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS The IDEFICS ( Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants ) study is a prospect i ve cohort study with an intervention component . Data were collected at baseline from September 1 , 2007 , through June 30 , 2008 , and at follow-up from September 1 , 2009 , through May 31 , 2010 , in 8 European countries participating in the IDEFICS study . This investigation is based on 3604 children aged 2 to 6 years who participated in the longitudinal component of the IDEFICS study only and not in the intervention .  EXPOSURE Early childhood electronic media use . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The following 6 indicators of well-being from 2 vali date d instruments were used as outcomes at follow-up : Peer problems and Emotional problems subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Question naire and Emotional well-being , Self-esteem , Family functioning , and Social networks subscales from the KINDLR ( Question naire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents-Revised Version ) . Each scale was dichotomized to identify those children at risk for poorer outcomes . Indicators of electronic media use ( weekday and weekend television and electronic game [e-game]/computer use ) from baseline were used as predictors . RESULTS Associations varied between boys and girls ; however , associations suggested that increased levels of electronic media use predicted poorer well-being outcomes . Television viewing on weekdays or weekends was more consistently associated with poorer outcomes than e-game/computer use . Across associations , the likelihood of adverse outcomes in children ranged from a 1.2- to 2.0-fold increase for emotional problems and poorer family functioning for each additional hour of television viewing or e-game/computer use depending on the outcome examined . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher levels of early childhood electronic media use are associated with children being at risk for poorer outcomes with some indicators of well-being . Further research is required to identify potential mechanisms
Associations between objective ly measured total sedentary time and indicators of adiposity and motor development were predominantly null .
Associations between screen time and indicators of adiposity , motor or cognitive development , and psychosocial health were primarily unfavourable or null .
Associations between time spent seated ( e.g. , in car seats or strollers ) or in the supine position , and indicators of adiposity and motor development , were primarily unfavourable or null .
Conclusions These findings continue to support the importance of minimizing screen time for disease prevention and health promotion in the early years , but also highlight the potential cognitive benefits of interactive non-screen-based sedentary behaviours such as reading and storytelling .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between  sedentary behaviour ( SB ) and health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years , and to determine what doses of SB ( i.e. , duration , patterns [ frequency , interruptions ] , and type ) were associated with health indicators .