RESULTS Conjunction analyses revealed overlapping hypoactivations between ADHD and sleep loss in executive function regions , notably the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex .
Sleep deprivation , however , was associated with significantly exaggerated hyperactivation in the thalamus .
Our study indicates that ADHD and sleep deprivation share a common neural signature : hypoactivation of executive function neuroanatomy .
In contrast , sleep loss , but not ADHD , was associated with thalamic hyperactivations , intimating a potential compensatory response in sleep loss not present in ADHD .
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Likewise , deficits in attention are a hallmark of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals .
Whether ADHD and sleep deprivation modulate common , or disparate , neural systems is unknown .
No study has yet utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) to investigate sleep loss in ADHD .
We address this gap by performing a novel meta- analysis to compare patterns of fMRI activation during sleep deprivation and ADHD .
Transcranial Oscillatory Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep Improves Declarative Memory Consolidation in Children With Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder to a Level Comparable to Healthy Controls
BACKGROUND Slow oscillations ( < 1 Hz ) during slow wave sleep ( SWS ) promote the consolidation of declarative memory .  Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) have been shown to display deficits in sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memory supposedly due to dysfunctional slow brain rhythms during SWS . OBJECTIVE Using transcranial oscillating direct current stimulation ( toDCS ) at 0.75 Hz , we investigated whether an externally triggered increase in slow oscillations during early SWS elevates memory performance in children with ADHD . METHODS 12 children with ADHD underwent a toDCS and a sham condition in a double-blind crossover study design conducted in a sleep laboratory . Memory was tested using a 2D object-location task . In addition , 12 healthy children performed the same memory task in their home environment . RESULTS Stimulation enhanced slow oscillation power in children with ADHD and boosted memory performance to the same level as in healthy children . CONCLUSION These data indicate that increasing slow oscillation power during sleep by toDCS can alleviate declarative memory deficits in children with ADHD
RESULTS Conjunction analyses revealed overlapping hypoactivations between ADHD and sleep loss in executive function regions , notably the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex .
Sleep deprivation , however , was associated with significantly exaggerated hyperactivation in the thalamus .
Our study indicates that ADHD and sleep deprivation share a common neural signature : hypoactivation of executive function neuroanatomy .
In contrast , sleep loss , but not ADHD , was associated with thalamic hyperactivations , intimating a potential compensatory response in sleep loss not present in ADHD .
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .
Likewise , deficits in attention are a hallmark of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals .
Whether ADHD and sleep deprivation modulate common , or disparate , neural systems is unknown .
No study has yet utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) to investigate sleep loss in ADHD .
We address this gap by performing a novel meta- analysis to compare patterns of fMRI activation during sleep deprivation and ADHD .