No outcomes evaluated the effect on participation restrictions .
NMES , as an adjunct to current rehabilitation practice s in critically ill patients , may maintain muscle strength .
OBJECTIVE To review , in conformance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta-Analyses guidelines , the totality of evidence for the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( NMES ) in the critical care setting , when compared with usual care , under all domains of the World Health Organisation , International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health ( ICF ) framework .
Effect of transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation on muscle volume in patients with septic shock*
Objective : Intensive care unit admission is associated with muscle wasting and impaired physical function . We investigated the effect of early transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation on quadriceps muscle volume in patients with septic shock . Design : R and omized interventional study using a single-legged exercise design with the contralateral leg serving as a paired control . Setting : A mixed 18-bed intensive care unit at a tertiary care university hospital . Patients : Eight adult male intensive care unit patients with septic shock included within 72 hrs of diagnosis . Interventions : After r and omization of the quadriceps muscles , transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation was applied on the intervention side for 7 consecutive days and for 60 mins per day . All patients underwent computed tomographic scans of both thighs immediately before and after the 7-day treatment period . The quadriceps muscle was manually delineated on the computed tomography slices , and muscle volumes were calculated after three-dimensional reconstruction . Measurements and Main Results : Median age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were 67 years ( interquartile range , 64–72 years ) and 25 ( interquartile range , 20–29 ) , respectively . During the 7-day study period , the volume of the quadriceps muscle on the control thigh decreased by 16 % ( 4–21 % , p = .03 ) corresponding to a rate of 2.3 % per day . The volume of the stimulated muscle decreased by 20 % ( 3–25 % , p = .04 ) corresponding to a rate of 2.9 % per day ( p = .12 for the difference in decrease ) . There was no difference in muscle volume between the stimulated and nonstimulated thigh at baseline ( p = .10 ) or at day 7 ( p = .12 ) . The charge delivered to the muscle tissue per training session ( 0.82 [ 0.66–1.18 ] coulomb ) correlated with the maximum sequential organ failure assessment score . Conclusions : We observed a marked decrease in quadriceps volume within the first week of intensive care for septic shock . This loss of muscle mass was unaffected by transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation applied for 60 mins per day for 7 days
No outcomes evaluated the effect on participation restrictions .
NMES , as an adjunct to current rehabilitation practice s in critically ill patients , may maintain muscle strength .
OBJECTIVE To review , in conformance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta-Analyses guidelines , the totality of evidence for the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( NMES ) in the critical care setting , when compared with usual care , under all domains of the World Health Organisation , International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health ( ICF ) framework .