Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .
Predictors of early mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients
Aims Multiple trials have shown that implantable cardioverter defibrillators ( ICDs ) prolong survival in secondary and primary prevention population s. However , in spite of the efficacy of these devices in terminating life-threatening arrhythmias , total mortality remains high . Methods and results We evaluated 1703 patients ( mean age : 67 ± 12 years , 82 % male ) with conventional ICD indications , who were enrolled and followed between 2001 and 2004 at 128 US centres . Patients were followed for up to a year , and vital status was obtained for 1655 patients ( 97 % , median follow-up : 377 days ) . There were 183 deaths within 1 year of ICD implantation ( 1-year mortality rate : 16 % ) . Predictors of mortality included a history of atrial fibrillation ( AF , P < 0.0001 ) , diabetes ( P = 0.0001 ) , failure to use cholesterol-lowering medications ( P < 0.001 ) , use of digitalis and derivatives ( P < 0.0001 ) , use of diuretics ( P < 0.0001 ) , low body mass index ( BMI , P < 0.0001 ) , increasing age ( P < 0.0001 ) , low left ventricular ejection fraction ( P < 0.0001 ) , low activity hours ( P < 0.0001 ) , elevated resting heart rate ( P = 0.014 ) , low mean arterial pressure ( MAP , P = 0.007 ) , and poor functional status ( New York Heart Association class , P < 0.0001 ) . In multivariate modelling , AF ( P ≤ 0.001 ) , diabetes ( P = 0.004 ) , BMI ( P = 0.001 ) , MAP ( P = 0.040 ) , and functional class ( P = 0.006 ) predicted mortality . Conclusion In this population undergoing ICD implantation , poor functional status , low MAP , diabetes , low BMI , and AF were strongly associated with death within a year
Among the outcomes examined , the highest absolute risk increase was for heart failure .
Associations between atrial fibrillation and included outcomes were broadly consistent across subgroups and in sensitivity analyses .
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of death and an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease .
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between  atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease , renal disease , and death .