In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .
The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more
In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .