Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .
Vitamin D insufficiency and prognosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
PURPOSE Vitamin D insufficiency is common in the United States , with low levels linked in some studies to higher cancer incidence , including non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( NHL ) . Recent data also suggest that vitamin D insufficiency is related to inferior prognosis in some cancers , although there are no data for NHL . PATIENTS AND METHODS We tested the hypothesis that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] levels are predictive of event-free survival ( EFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) in a prospect i ve cohort of 983 newly diagnosed patients with NHL .  25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [ 1,25(OH)(2)D ] levels were measured by liquid chromatography-t and em mass spectrometry . RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis was 62 years ( range , 19 to 94 years ) ; 44 % of patients had insufficient 25(OH)D levels ( < 25 ng/mL ) within 120 days of diagnosis . Median follow-up was 34.8 months ; 404 events and 193 deaths ( 168 from lymphoma ) occurred . After adjusting for known prognostic factors and treatment , 25(OH)D insufficient patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) had inferior EFS ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 1.41 ; 95 % CI , 0.98 to 2.04 ) and OS ( HR , 1.99 ; 95 % CI , 1.27 to 3.13 ) ; 25(OH)D insufficient patients with T-cell lymphoma also had inferior EFS ( HR , 1.94 ; 95 % CI , 1.04 to 3.61 ) and OS ( HR , 2.38 ; 95 % CI , 1.04 to 5.41 ) . There were no associations with EFS for the other NHL subtypes . Among patients with DLBCL and T-cell lymphoma , higher 1,25(OH)(2)D levels were associated with better EFS and OS , suggesting that any putative tumor 1-α-hydroxylase activity did not explain the 25(OH)D associations . CONCLUSION 25(OH)D insufficiency was associated with inferior EFS and OS in DLBCL and T-cell lymphoma . Whether normalizing vitamin D levels in these patients improves outcomes will require testing in future trials
Subgroup analyses in the observational studies indicated that risk of mortality was significantly higher in studies with lower baseline use of vitamin D supplements .
The effects observed for vitamin D3 supplementation remained unchanged when grouped by various characteristics .
However , for vitamin D2 supplementation , increased risks of mortality were observed in studies with lower intervention doses and shorter average intervention periods .
Conclusions Evidence from observational studies indicates inverse associations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risks of death due to cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other causes .
Objective To evaluate the extent to which circulating biomarker and supplements of vitamin D are associated with  mortality from cardiovascular , cancer , or other conditions  , under various circumstances .