We found that female sex , direct inguinal hernias at the primary procedure , operation for a recurrent inguinal hernia , and smoking were significant risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery .
Background .
Several factors influence the risk of recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery ; however , a systematic review and meta- analysis of patient-related risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery has not been performed earlier .
Body Mass Index and Groin Hernia: A 34-Year Follow-up Study in Swedish Men
Objective :  Inguinal  hernias are very common disorders , especially in men , with inguinal herniorrhaphy being one of the most frequently performed general surgical procedures in men . Theoretically , obesity might increase the risk of groin hernia by increasing intra-abdominal pressure . The objective of the present study was to investigate whether overweight and obesity in middle age could significantly predict future groin hernia  in men . Summary Background Data : Design : Prospect i ve cohort study ; Setting : General population of men living in Gothenburg , Sweden ; Participants : A community-based sample of 7483 men aged 47 to 55 years were followed-up from baseline ( 1970–1973 ) for a maximum of 34 years . Main Outcome Measures : A diagnosis of groin hernia according to the Swedish hospital discharge register . Results : A total of 1017 men ( 13.6 % ) were diagnosed with groin hernia .  An inverse relationship was found between body mass index ( BMI ) and risk of groin hernia . With each BMI unit ( 3–4 kg ) , the relative risk for groin hernia decreased by 4 % ( P < 0.0001 ) . Compared with men of normal weight , obese men had a 43 % lower risk ( P = 0.0008 , 95 % confidence interval 21%–59 % ) . Heavy smokers demonstrated a 26 % lower risk for groin hernia ( P = 0.003 , 95 % confidence interval 10%–39 % ) . Diabetes , high physical activity , and blood pressure were not associated with groin hernia . Entering other variables potentially associated with groin hernia , as age , BMI , smoking , and serum cholesterol , in a multivariable analysis left the risk estimates for BMI and smoking virtually unchanged . Conclusions : In a large community-based sample of middle-aged men overweight and obesity were associated with a lower risk for groin hernia during an extended follow-up . Obesity , in comparison with normal weight , reduced the risk of groin hernia by 43 % . A reduced risk of groin hernia was also noted in heavy smokers . Obviously , hernia may be more easily detected in lean men but a true protective effect can not be excluded
We found that female sex , direct inguinal hernias at the primary procedure , operation for a recurrent inguinal hernia , and smoking were significant risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery .
Background .
Several factors influence the risk of recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery ; however , a systematic review and meta- analysis of patient-related risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery has not been performed earlier .