RESULT ( S ) For infants , studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits , but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development .
Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive , behavioral , socio-emotional , and psychomotor development .
For children in middle childhood , development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls , although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age .
( S ) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after  fertility treatment  is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction  compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception .
Ovarian hyperstimulation and the in vitro fertilization procedure do not influence early neuromotor development; a history of subfertility does.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate specific effects of ovarian hyperstimulation , the in vitro procedure , and a history of subfertility on neuromotor development at 3 months of age . DESIGN Prospect i ve , cohort study . SETTING University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherl and s. PATIENT(S ) Singletons conceived after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation-IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( COH-IVF ; n = 68 ) or modified natural cycle-IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( MNC-IVF ; n = 57 ) , and naturally conceived singletons of subfertile couples ( NC ; n = 90 ) . Data from a reference population were available ( n = 450 ) . INTERVENTION(S ) None . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Quality of general movements ( GMs ) , classified as normal-optimal , normal-suboptimal , mildly abnormal , or definitely abnormal . Definitely abnormal GMs indicate brain dysfunction , mildly abnormal GMs normal but non-optimal brain function . RESULT ( S ) Mildly abnormal and definitely abnormal GMs were observed equally frequently in COH-IVF , MNC-IVF , and NC singletons . The three subfertile groups showed a reduction in GM quality , in particular more mildly abnormal GMs , in comparison with the reference population . CONCLUSION ( S ) Singletons born after IVF ( with or without ovarian hyperstimulation ) are not at increased risk for abnormal GMs compared with naturally conceived peers of subfertile parents . Mildly abnormal GMs occur more often in infants of subfertile parents than in the general population , suggesting that factors associated with subfertility rather than those related to IVF procedures may be associated with less-optimal early neurodevelopmental outcome . These results need confirmation through replication and follow-up at older ages
RESULT ( S ) For infants , studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits , but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development .
Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive , behavioral , socio-emotional , and psychomotor development .
For children in middle childhood , development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls , although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age .
( S ) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after  fertility treatment  is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception
OBJECTIVE To systematic ally review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction  compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception .