The 2014 guideline has been up date d by a multidisciplinary panel using the highest method ological st and ards , and provides the best and most reliable contemporary evidence base for RCC management .
CONTEXT The European Association of Urology Guideline Panel for Renal Cell Carcinoma ( RCC ) has prepared evidence -based guidelines and recommendations for RCC management .
OBJECTIVES To provide an up date of the 2010 RCC guideline based on a st and ardised methodology that is robust , transparent , reproducible , and reliable .
Large prospective investigation of meat intake, related mutagens, and risk of renal cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND The evidence for meat intake and renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) risk is inconsistent . Mutagens related to meat cooking and processing , and variation by RCC subtype may be important to consider . OBJECTIVE In a large US cohort , we prospect ively investigated intake of meat and meat-related compounds in relation to risk of RCC , as well as clear cell and papillary RCC histologic subtypes . DESIGN Study participants ( 492,186 ) completed a detailed dietary assessment linked to a data base of heme iron , heterocyclic amines ( HCA ) , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) , nitrate , and nitrite concentrations in cooked and processed meats . Over 9 ( mean ) y of follow-up , we identified 1814 cases of RCC ( 498 clear cell and 115 papillary adenocarcinomas ) .  HRs and 95 % CIs were estimated within quintiles by using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression . RESULTS Red meat intake [ 62.7 g ( quintile 5 ) compared with 9.8 g ( quintile 1 ) per 1000 kcal ( median ) ] was associated with a tendency toward an increased risk of RCC [ HR : 1.19 ; 95 % CI : 1.01 , 1.40 ; P-trend = 0.06 ] and a 2-fold increased risk of papillary RCC [ P-trend = 0.002 ] . Intakes of benzo(a)pyrene ( BaP ) , a marker of PAHs , and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ( PhIP ) , an HCA , were associated with a significant 20 - 30 % elevated risk of RCC and a 2-fold increased risk of papillary RCC . No associations were observed for the clear cell subtype . CONCLUSIONS Red meat intake may increase the risk of RCC through mechanisms related to the cooking compounds BaP and PhIP . Our findings for RCC appeared to be driven by strong associations with the rarer papillary histologic variant . This study is registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00340015
The 2014 guideline has been up date d by a multidisciplinary panel using the highest method ological st and ards , and provides the best and most reliable contemporary evidence base for RCC management .
CONTEXT The European Association of Urology Guideline Panel for Renal Cell Carcinoma ( RCC ) has prepared evidence -based guidelines and recommendations for RCC management .
OBJECTIVES To provide an up date of the 2010 RCC guideline based on a st and ardised methodology that is robust , transparent , reproducible , and reliable .