In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Effect of chewing gums on plaque pH after a sucrose challenge.
The objective of this study was to determine whether  sugarless chewing gums sweetened with different sweeteners differ in their ability to reduce an acidogenic response from a 10 percent sucrose-rinse challenge . Five commercially available chewing gums and two control regimens ( " no gum " or paraffin ) were tested using a plaque pH telemetry system . The gums were sweetened with sucrose , high-intensity sweeteners ( aspartame , saccharin , or acesulfame-K ) , or a polyol ( xylitol ) . Using a seven-period r and omized block design , eight adult panelists were challenged with a 10 percent sucrose solution and then r and omly used one of the test regimens during each of the seven test sessions . Each two-hour test session was divided into five periods : resting baseline ( five minutes ) ; sucrose rinse challenge ( two minutes ) ; postsucrose challenge ( ten minutes ) ; gum chewing ( ten minutes ) ; post gum chewing ( ninety-three minutes ) . The factors analyzed were : the area of the curve ( pH X Time ) below pH 5.5 , the minimum plaque pH attained , the changes in plaque pH over relevant intervals , and the length of time the plaque pH remained below pH 5.5 . The various response variables showed a similar pattern of statistically significant differences . All of the sugarless gums were effective in significantly increasing plaque pH and in reducing the area under the curve after the sucrose challenge compared with " no gum " treatment . No statistically significant differences were noted among the sugarless gums . The response to sucrose gum was intermediate between sugarless gums and " no gum " but was not statistically different from " no gum " or three of the sugarless gums . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .