AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Risk Factors for Mediastinitis and Endocarditis after Cardiac Surgery
A prospect i ve open-cohort study was performed in 838 adults undergoing coronary revascularization or valve surgery  to define the risk factors for development of surgical site infections . Patients diagnosed with mediastinitis or endocarditis during follow-up were compared with patients with no such infection . After 1 year of follow-up , 22 ( 2.6 % ) patients had developed mediastinitis or endocarditis . No preoperative or intraoperative variables were identified as risk factors . By multivariate analysis of postoperative variables , respiratory insufficiency , microorganisms in blood cultures , and intensive care unit stay were independent risk factors for the development of these complications . The type of antibiotic prophylaxis had no influence on the incidence of organ or space infections after cardiac surgery
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .