There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .
The effects of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health upon psychosocial determinants of diet and physical activity behavior.
BACKGROUND The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health is a multisite study of a school-based intervention to reduce or prevent the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease . The purpose of this paper is to present the evaluation results of the 3-year intervention , focusing upon the psychosocial variables conceptualized as determinants of dietary and physical activity behaviors . METHODS A total of 96 schools across four study sites ( California , Louisiana , Minnesota , and Texas ) were r and omized to two treatment conditions : intervention and control . Pre- and post measurements on the health behavior question naire were collected from over 6,000 students . The data analyses utilized a nested design approach in which schools served as the primary unit of analysis . Repeated- measures multivariate analyses were applied to investigate effect sizes for each determinant and to explore theoretical relationships among the determinants over time . RESULTS The findings indicated sustained significant effects in improved knowledge , intentions , self-efficacy , usual behavior , and perceived social reinforcement for healthy food choices ( P < 0.0001 for these five variables ) after 3 years . Intermittent effects were observed for perceived support and self-efficacy for physical activity . No gender by determinant interaction effects were observed , and girls reported significantly greater perceived reinforcement for healthy eating than did boys . CONCLUSION The CATCH program was effective in changing the psychosocial variables likely to influence a reduction in behavior for cardiovascular disease . The study is significant in that it demonstrates the viability and effectiveness of a sustained multifaceted intervention in a preadolescent population . The results point to a need for greater underst and ing of adolescent developmental issues and the role of community environment ( particularly social support ) in creating effective curricula
There was some evidence that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures .
Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity , television viewing , VO2 max , and blood cholesterol .
Generally , school-based interventions had little effect on physical activity rates , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , BMI , and pulse rate .
At a minimum , a combination of printed educational material s and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result ed in positive effects .
Few changes in outcomes were observed in this up date with the exception of blood cholesterol and physical activity rates .
For example blood cholesterol was no longer positively impacted upon by school-based physical activity interventions .
The evidence suggests the ongoing implementation of school-based physical activity interventions at this time , given the positive effects on behavior and one physical health status measure .
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity and at least 2.6 million deaths are a result of being overweight or obese .
In addition , WHO estimates that physical inactivity causes 10 % to 16 % of cases each of breast cancer , colon , and rectal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes , and 22 % of coronary heart disease and the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades .
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents .