In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Factors affecting recurrence rates in superficial bladder cancer.
A prospect i ve study of all patients with superficial bladder cancer diagnosed in Northern Alberta ( population 1.2 million ) from 1977 to 1983 was performed to establish patterns of recurrence . Of the 761 patients with all stages of bladder cancer at diagnosis , 642 were deemed to be free of disease after primary treatment consisting of transurethral resection , fulguration , or laser surgery .  Follow-up of these patients showed that approximately two-thirds of first recurrences occur within 18 months of diagnosis and that more of these patients have died of unrelated causes ( n = 73 ) than of bladder cancer ( n = 34 ) . Censored disease-free interval comparisons showed that initial recurrences occurred sooner in patients with multifocal rather than unifocal disease and also sooner in females than in males . Known risk factors ( occupational exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoking ) and suspected risk factors ( coffee consumption and artificial sweetener use ) had no effect on disease-free interval and are not related to tumor multiplicity
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .