In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .
Diet soda intake is associated with long-term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging.
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between  diet soda ( DS ) intake ( DSI )  and long-term waist circumference ( WC ) change ( ΔWC ) in the biethnic San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging ( SALSA ) . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study . SETTING San Antonio , Texas , neighborhoods . PARTICIPANTS SALSA examined 749 Mexican-American and European-American individuals aged 65 and older at baseline ( baseline , 1992 - 96 ) ; 474 ( 79.1 % ) survivors completed follow-up 1 ( FU1 , 2000 - 01 ) , 413 ( 73.4 % ) completed FU2 ( 2001 - 03 ) , and 375 ( 71.0 % ) completed FU3 ( 2003 - 04 ) . Participants completed a mean of 2.64 follow-up intervals , for 9.4 total follow-up years . MEASUREMENTS DSI , WC , height , and weight were measured at outset and at the conclusion of each interval : baseline , FU1 , FU2 , and FU3 . RESULTS Adjusted for initial WC , demographic characteristics , physical activity , diabetes mellitus , and smoking , mean interval ΔWC  of DS users ( 2.11 cm , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.45 - 2.76 cm ) was almost triple that of nonusers ( 0.77 cm , 95 % CI = 0.29 - 1.23 cm ) ( P < .001 ) . Adjusted interval ΔWCs were 0.77 cm ( 95 % CI = 0.29 - 1.23 cm ) for nonusers , 1.76 cm ( 95 % CI = 0.96 - 2.57 cm ) for occasional users , and 3.04 cm ( 95 % CI = 1.82 - 4.26 cm ) for daily users ( P = .002 for trend ) . This translates to ΔWCs of 0.80 inches for nonusers , 1.83 inches for occasional users , and 3.16 for daily users over the total SALSA follow-up . In subanalyses stratified for selected covariates , ΔWC point estimates were consistently higher in DS users . CONCLUSION In a striking dose-response relationship , increasing DSI was associated with escalating abdominal obesity , a potential pathway for cardiometabolic risk in this aging population
In healthy subjects , appetite and short term food intake , risk of cancer , risk of diabetes , risk of dental caries , weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes .
Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes .
In subjects with diabetes and hypertension , the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent .
Background Food products containing non-nutritive sweeteners ( NNSs ) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades .
Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste .
However , with the dramatic increase in their consumption , it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and , more importantly , potential adverse effects .
The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent , range , and nature of research activity in this area .