The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .
Combined cognitive and parent training interventions for adolescents with ADHD and their mothers: A randomized controlled trial
This study examined the individual and combined effects of two nonpharmacological treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) :  Cogmed working memory training ( CWMT ) for adolescents and  behavioral parent training ( BPT ) for mothers . Ninety-one adolescents ( ages 11–15 ) and their mothers were r and omized to one of four CWMT and BPT treatment and active control ( placebo ) group combinations of 5-week interventions . At pre- and posttest , mothers and teachers completed rating forms , and adolescents completed neuropsychological measures of working memory ( WM ) . Individual intervention effects showed that treatment CWMT significantly improved WM spans , whereas there were no significant differences for treatment or control BPT on reports of parent-related outcomes . Combined treatment effects indicated an overall pattern of greatest improvements for the control CWMT/treatment BPT group , as compared to the other three groups , on adolescent WM deficit , behavioral regulation problems , and global executive deficit . Most significant effects for outcomes were main effects of improvements over time . A combination of CWMT and BPT did not result in increased treatment gains . However , potential effects of combined treatment may have been masked by greater perceived benefits arising from lack of struggle in the nonadaptive , CWMT active control condition . Future combined intervention research should focus on specific , theoretically driven WM deficits among individuals with ADHD , should include possible adaptations to the st and ard CWMT program , should examine effectiveness of cognitive treatments combined with context ual interventions and should utilize appropriate control groups to fully underst and the unique and combined effects of interventions
The results revealed that findings are becoming increasingly nuanced with variations in levels of evidence related to ages of the children and characteristics of the specific treatment .
In addition , we focused our critique on generalization of treatment effects across setting s and time and on sample diversity ( with regard to ethnicity and levels of parent education ) in relation to the population .
Children of parents with higher levels of education than average appear to be overrepresented in the literature .
The purpose of this research was to up date the series of articles on evidence -based treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that have appeared in this journal ( Evans , Owens & Bunford , 2014 ; Pelham & Fabiano , 2008 ; Pelham , Wheeler , & Chronis , 1998 ) .