As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .
Effect of Diet or Diet Plus Physical Activity Versus Usual Care on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: The Early ACTivity In Diabetes (ACTID) Randomized, Controlled Trial
Background Inflammation plays a major role in diabetes‐associated cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . There is uncertainty whether diet and physical activity interventions can be successfully integrated into healthcare setting s and reduce markers of inflammation and risk of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . Methods and Results Systemic markers of inflammation were determined in a 12‐month , real‐world , multicenter , r and omized , controlled trial that investigated the effect of diet , diet plus physical activity , and usual care in 593 individuals with newly diagnosed T2D . During the first 6 months , serum C‐reactive protein ( CRP ) improved by −21 ( −36 to −1.4)% and −22 ( −38 to −3.1)% in diet and diet plus physical activity arms versus usual care . There were also improvements in adiponectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 ( sICAM‐1 ) . Though medication‐adjusted CRP was improved between 6 and 12 months for usual care , both interventions were more successful in reducing the relative risk of a high‐risk CRP level of > 3 mg/L ( risk ratios of 0.72 [ 0.55 to 0.95 ] for diet versus usual care and 0.67 [ 0.50 to 0.90 ] for diet plus activity versus usual care  ) . Furthermore , sICAM‐1 ( a marker of vascular risk ) , remained substantially lower than usual care in both intervention arms at 12 months . Conclusions Motivational , unsupervised diet and /or diet plus physical activity interventions given soon after diagnosis in real‐world healthcare setting s improve markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk in patients with T2D , even after accounting for the effect of adjustments to medication to try and control blood pressure , glycated hemoglobin , and lipids . Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier : IS RCT N92162869
As for physical exercise modalities , aerobic exercise , but not other modalities , increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels .
In conclusion , physical exercise and , specifically , aerobic exercise , leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels  in prediabetic and diabetic adults .
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines .
The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals .