In conclusion , decrease in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients is dependent on the type of admission .
HIGHLIGHTSPhysical inactivity during hospitalization is associated with detrimental outcome .Muscle strength and muscle mass decreased in electively admitted older patients .Muscle strength and muscle mass did not change in acutely admitted older patients
ABSTRACT Hospitalization may induce a decrease of muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients due to physical inactivity , malnutrition and diseases , negatively affecting health outcome .
We aim ed to examine the literature on change in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients during hospitalization .
Postoperative loss of skeletal muscle mass, complications and quality of life in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe postoperative undernutrition in terms of postoperative losses of appendicular skeletal muscle mass ( ASMM ) with respect to complications , quality of life , readmission , and 1-y mortality  after cardiac surgery . METHODS Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospect ively followed . ASMM was measured 2 wk before and 2 mo after surgery using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . ASMM consists of arm skeletal muscle mass ( SMM ) and leg SMM . The association between ≥5 % of ASMM decrease and postoperative outcome was analyzed using the chi-square test . A similar approach was used to analyze arm SMM and leg SMM decreases separately . RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were included ( 23 male , 34.5 % ≥65 y old ) . Postoperatively , seven patients ( 24.1 % ) lost ≥5 % ASMM . When analyzed separately , a ≥5 % decrease in leg SMM was associated with a decrease in experienced vitality ( odds ratio 13.0 , 95 % confidence interval 1.32 - 128.11 , P = 0.03 ) . In contrast , a ≥5 % loss of arm SMM was associated with fewer in-hospital complications ( odds ratio 0.20 , 95 % confidence interval 0.04 - 0.98 , P = 0.04 ) . These patients were characterized by a higher preoperative fat-free mass index ( kilograms per meter squared ; P = 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a preoperatively higher fat-free mass index indicates better ability to cope with operative stress , result ing in fewer complications . In addition , postoperative loss of muscle mass was associated with decreased vitality . We advocate further research investigating the effect of preoperative and postoperative nutritional intervention combined with physical exercise programs to increase lean body mass and thereby improve postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery
In conclusion , decrease in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients is dependent on the type of admission .
HIGHLIGHTSPhysical inactivity during hospitalization is associated with detrimental outcome .Muscle strength and muscle mass decreased in electively admitted older patients .Muscle strength and muscle mass did not change in acutely admitted older patients
ABSTRACT Hospitalization may induce a decrease of muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients due to physical inactivity , malnutrition and diseases , negatively affecting health outcome .
We aim ed to examine the literature on change in muscle strength and muscle mass in older patients during hospitalization .