Associations between objective ly measured total sedentary time and indicators of adiposity and motor development were predominantly null .
Associations between screen time and indicators of adiposity , motor or cognitive development , and psychosocial health were primarily unfavourable or null .
Associations between time spent seated ( e.g. , in car seats or strollers ) or in the supine position , and indicators of adiposity and motor development , were primarily unfavourable or null .
Conclusions These findings continue to support the importance of minimizing screen time for disease prevention and health promotion in the early years , but also highlight the potential cognitive benefits of interactive non-screen-based sedentary behaviours such as reading and storytelling .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between  sedentary behaviour ( SB ) and health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years , and to determine what doses of SB ( i.e. , duration , patterns [ frequency , interruptions ] , and type ) were associated with health indicators .
Risk factors for rapid weight gain in preschool children: findings from a UK-wide prospective study
Objective : To examine risk factors for rapid weight gain  between 3 and 5 years of age . Design : Nationally representative prospect i ve cohort study . Participants : A total of 11 653 preschool children participating in the UK Millennium Cohort Study , with anthropometry at 3 and 5 years . Measurements : Weight gain z-scores were calculated from 3 to 5 years . Children in the top quarter of this distribution were classified as gaining weight rapidly . A total of 26 biological and early life , social , psychological , behavioural and environmental risk factors were examined . Results : Among the participants , 13 % of normal weight , 63 % of overweight and 88 % of obese 5-year olds had experienced rapid weight gain since 3 years of age . Six biological and early life factors and two social factors were found to be significantly associated with this growth pattern . In a mutually adjusted model , children were more likely to gain weight rapidly if they had a higher body mass index at age 3 ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.27 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.23–1.32 ) , if they were of Bangladeshi ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.88 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.27–2.79 ) or black ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.47 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.07–2.02 ) ethnicity , if their mother was overweight ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.32 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.15–1.51 ) or had been overweight before pregnancy ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.56 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.36–1.79 ) , if their father was overweight ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.56 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.34–1.81 ) or if their mother smoked during pregnancy ( adjusted odds ratio:1.23 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.09–1.38 ) . Children were also more likely to gain weight rapidly if others smoked in the same room ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.31 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.16–1.49 ) or if they were a lone child in the household ( adjusted odds ratio : 1.14 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.01–1.30 ) . Conclusions : Factors operating during pregnancy and early life increase the risk of rapid weight gain in young children ; thus , signalling the importance of obesity prevention programmes before and during pregnancy and for children at an early age . In particular , these programmes should address parental weight status and smoking habits , both modifiable risk factors
Associations between objective ly measured total sedentary time and indicators of adiposity and motor development were predominantly null .
Associations between screen time and indicators of adiposity , motor or cognitive development , and psychosocial health were primarily unfavourable or null .
Associations between time spent seated ( e.g. , in car seats or strollers ) or in the supine position , and indicators of adiposity and motor development , were primarily unfavourable or null .
Conclusions These findings continue to support the importance of minimizing screen time for disease prevention and health promotion in the early years , but also highlight the potential cognitive benefits of interactive non-screen-based sedentary behaviours such as reading and storytelling .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between  sedentary behaviour ( SB ) and health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years , and to determine what doses of SB ( i.e. , duration , patterns [ frequency , interruptions ] , and type ) were associated with health indicators .