Meta-regression did not show any significant association between the RR for NEC or LOS and the RR for BPD .
In conclusion , our results suggest that NEC and LOS prevention by probiotics does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants
Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and late-onset sepsis ( LOS )  in preterm infants , but it remains to be determined whether this reduction translates into a reduction of other complications .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the possible role of probiotics in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) .
Impact of oral probiotics on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants
Abstract Objective : The aim of the study was to evaluate the neurodevelopment outcomes of very low birth weight ( VLBW ) preterm infants supplemented with oral probiotics for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) . Methods : A prospect i ve follow-up study was performed in a cohort of VLBW preterm infants enrolled in a single center r and omized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of oral probiotics for the prevention of NEC . Cognitive and neuromotor developments were assessed by using the Bayley scales of infant development II . Sensory and neurological performance was evaluated by st and ard techniques . The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment at 18–24 months ’ corrected age . Results : A total of 400 infants completed the trial protocol . Of the 370 infants eligible for follow-up , 249 infants ( 124 in the probiotics group and 125 in the control group ) were evaluated . There was no significant difference in any of the neurodevelopmental and sensory outcomes between the two groups . Conclusion : Oral probiotic given to VLBW infants to reduce the incidense and severity of NEC started with the first feed did not affect neuromotor , neurosensory and cognitive outcomes at 18–24 months ’ corrected age
Meta-regression did not show any significant association between the RR for NEC or LOS and the RR for BPD .
In conclusion , our results suggest that NEC and LOS prevention by probiotics does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants
Probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and late-onset sepsis ( LOS )  in preterm infants , but it remains to be determined whether this reduction translates into a reduction of other complications .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis to evaluate the possible role of probiotics in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) .