Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings .
Conclusions Moderate- quality evidence from the present network meta- analysis suggests that D + E can be highly recommended for long-term obesity management .
Furthermore , the evidence suggests a moderate superiority of D over E with respect to anthropometric outcomes .
Background The aim of this meta- analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise ( D + E ) vs. diet ( D ) , D + E vs. exercise ( E ) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese participants .
Effect of Diet and Exercise on Body Composition, Energy Intake and Leptin Levels in Overweight Women and Men
Objective : To investigate the effect of diet alone ( D ) , exercise alone ( E ) , and a combination of diet and exercise ( DE ) on body weight , body composition , energy intake , blood pressure , serum lipid and leptin levels , and fitness levels in mildly obese sedentary women and men . Design : The three interventions were compared in a r and omized longitudinal study design . The exercise programs were supervised for six months , after which participants in E and DE were provided with exercise equipment to take home . Subjects : 90 adult overweight women and men ( age : 44.2 ± 7.2 years ; BMI = 30.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2 ) . Measurements : Body weight , body composition , waist and hip circumferences , blood pressure , serum lipid levels , and fitness levels were evaluated at 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months . Serum leptin concentrations were measured at 0 and 6 months only . Results : At 6 and 9 months in women , and 9 months in men , DE demonstrated a significant loss of body weight compared to both D and E ( p < 0.05 ) . Serum leptin levels significantly decreased from baseline to 6 months in women in D ( p = 0.05 ) and DE ( p = 0.0003 ) and men in E ( p = 0.038 ) . At one year , no significant differences existed among groups in any of the measures . Conclusion : A combination of diet and exercise result ed in a significant decrease in body weight in women and men ; but this decrease was not maintained at one year follow-up . Serum leptin concentrations showed significant within-group decreases , but were not different among groups . A supervised diet and exercise program is effective for weight loss ; however , once intensive participant-investigator and participant-participant contact is discontinued , weight regain ensures
Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings .
Conclusions Moderate- quality evidence from the present network meta- analysis suggests that D + E can be highly recommended for long-term obesity management .
Furthermore , the evidence suggests a moderate superiority of D over E with respect to anthropometric outcomes .
Background The aim of this meta- analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise ( D + E ) vs. diet ( D ) , D + E vs. exercise ( E ) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese participants .