In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .
Anabolic steroid: effects on strength, body weight, oxygen uptake and spermatogenesis upon mature males.
The effects of an anabolic steroid on male physical education students at Brigham Young University were studied . 31 subjects were trained with weights for 7 weeks . At the end of week 4 24 subjects were r and omly placed in a treatment-placebo group which took 2 capsules daily from 24 numbered bottles for 21 days . 12 of the bottles contained 5 mg of meth and rostenolone ( Dianabol ) per capsule . All subjects supplemented their diets with 20 gm of 93 % protein powder daily . 6 pretests were given before the subjects were placed into groups . Oxygen uptake sperm count maximum weight lifting and thickness of skinfolds were determined . Also used were cable tensiometry and anthropometric measurements . At the end of the study period it was determined that there was no significant change in maximal oxygen uptake and no significant changes occurred in sperm count . The dynamic and static strength increases of the treatment group were significant over the placebo and control groups for all measures . There was a significant increase in the circumference measurements at 5 of the 8 sites measured . The mean weight gain of the treatment group was 2.37 kg . There was no significant change in skinfold thickness . When interviewed the subjects noted that there was a very rapid weight gain during the first 5 - 8 days followed by a loss of 1 - 2 pounds within 5 days after the end of the treatment . There was also a noticeable increase in urine production the first 5 - 8 days but not noticeable thereafter . A majority of the subjects felt some degree of nervous tension during the treatment . 1 subject noticed an increase in sexual drive and 1 a decrease . There was a general increase in appetite and a surplus of energy and all subjects noted that they felt bigger and stronger . It was concluded that anabolic steroid treatment does accelerate the acquistion of muscular strength and size if accompanied by a higher protein diet and serve muscular stress
In addition , AAS abuse result ed in structural and functional sperm changes , a reduction in testicular volume , gynecomastia , as well as clitoromegaly , menstrual irregularities , and subfertility .
Conclusion The majority of  AAS users demonstrated hypogonadism with persistently low gonadotropin and testosterone levels , lasting for several weeks to months after AAS withdrawal .
Anabolic and rogenic steroid use results in profound and prolonged effects on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users and potentially on fertility
Background Anabolic and rogenic steroids ( AAS ) are testosterone derivatives used by athletes and recreational users to improve athletic performance and /or enhance appearance .
Anabolic and rogenic steroids use may have serious and potentially irreversible adverse effects on different organs and systems , including the reproductive system .
Objective This systematic review and meta- analysis aim ed to critically assess the impact of AAS use on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users .