Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”
Evaluation of a program to reduce back pain in nursing personnel.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a program design ed to reduce back pain in nursing aides . METHODS Female nursing aides from a university hospital who had suffered episodes of back pain for at least six months were included in the study . Participants were r and omly divided into a control group and an intervention group . The intervention program involved a set of exercises and an educational component stressing the ergonomic aspect , administered twice a week during working hours for four months . All subjects answered a structured question naire and the intensity of pain was assessed before and after the program using a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) . Student 's t-test or the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for independent sample s , and Chi-square test or the Exact Fisher test for categorical analysis , were used . The McNemar test and the Wilcoxon matched pairs test were used to compare the periods before and after the program . RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of cervical pain in the last two months and in the last seven days in the intervention group . There was also a reduction in cervical pain intensity in the two periods ( 2 months , 7 days ) and lumbar pain intensity in the last 7 days . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a program of regular exercise with an emphasis on ergonomics can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms in nursing personnel
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with positive effects were : Moderate evidence for arm supports ; and Limited evidence for ergonomics training plus workstation adjustments , new chair and rest breaks .
Levels of evidence for interventions associated with “ no effect ” were : Strong evidence for workstation adjustment alone ; Moderate evidence for biofeedback training and job stress management training ; and Limited evidence for cognitive behavioral training .
No interventions were associated with “ negative effects ” .
Conclusion It is difficult to make strong evidence d-based recommendations about what practitioners should do to prevent or manage upper extremity MSDs .
There is a paucity of high quality OHS interventions evaluating upper extremity MSDs and none focused on traumatic injury outcomes or workplace m and ated pre-placement screening exams .
Background Little is known about the most effective occupational health and safety ( OHS ) interventions to reduce  upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) and injuries .
Methods A systematic review used a best evidence synthesis approach to address the question : “ do occupational health and safety interventions have an effect on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms , signs , disorders , injuries , cl aims and lost time ? ”