All eight domains were predictive for at least one of the investigated outcomes but the results were quite variable across studies .
Physical function and nutritional status were the domains most often associated with mortality and systemic treatment-related outcomes , and the domain physical function was most often associated with postoperative complications .
Overall , this review demonstrates that the GA should minimally consist of physical function and nutritional status , when the aim is to predict patients -related outcomes of older patients with cancer , although the results are quite heterogeneous .
BACKGROUND A geriatric assessment ( GA ) is increasingly used to help guide treatment decisions in older patients with cancer .
However , there is no consensus regarding which domains should be included in the GA .
In addition , the field of geriatric oncology moves very fast and as a result many new studies have been published since the last review in 2015 .
Therefore , the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate which domains of the GA could predict patient-related treatment outcomes of older patients with cancer and thereby should be included in a GA .
Frailty is an independent predictor of survival in older patients with colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) is prevalent in the older population .  Geriatric assessment ( GA ) has previously been found to predict treatment tolerance and postoperative complications in older cancer patients . The aim of this study was to explore whether GA also predicts 1-year and 5-year survival after  CRC surgery in older patients and to compare the predictive power of GA with that of established prognostic factors such as TNM classification of malignant tumors ( TNM ) stage and age . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A cohort of 178 CRC patients aged 70 and older were followed prospect ively . All patients went through elective surgery , and GA was performed presurgery . The GA result ed in patients being divided into two groups : frail or nonfrail . All patients were followed for 5 years or until death . Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plots and the Cox proportional hazards model . RESULTS Seventy-six patients ( 43 % ) were frail , and one hundred and two ( 57 % ) were nonfrail . Twenty-three patients ( 13 % ) died during the first year after surgery . One-year survival was 80 % in the frail group and 92 % in the nonfrail group . Five-year survival was significantly lower in frail ( 24 % ) than nonfrail patients ( 66 % ) , and this difference was apparent both within the stratums of TNM stages 0-II and TNM stage III . In multivariable analysis adjusting for TNM stage , age , and sex , frailty was an independent prognostic factor for survival . CONCLUSION A GA-based frailty assessment predicts 1-year and 5-year survival in older patients after surgery for CRC . In localized and regional disease , the impact of frailty upon 5-year survival is comparable with that of TNM stage
All eight domains were predictive for at least one of the investigated outcomes but the results were quite variable across studies .
Physical function and nutritional status were the domains most often associated with mortality and systemic treatment-related outcomes , and the domain physical function was most often associated with postoperative complications .
Overall , this review demonstrates that the GA should minimally consist of physical function and nutritional status , when the aim is to predict patients -related outcomes of older patients with cancer , although the results are quite heterogeneous .
BACKGROUND A geriatric assessment ( GA ) is increasingly used to help guide treatment decisions in older patients with cancer .
However , there is no consensus regarding which domains should be included in the GA .
In addition , the field of geriatric oncology moves very fast and as a result many new studies have been published since the last review in 2015 .
Therefore , the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate which domains of the GA could predict patient-related treatment outcomes of older patients with cancer and thereby should be included in a GA .