AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .
Surgical site infection complicating internal fixation of fractures: incidence and risk factors.
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of data on surgical site infections ( SSIs ) complicating internal fixation of fractures from Nigeria . AIMS To determine the incidence and risk factors for SSIs following internal fixation of fracture . METHODS A cohort of 90 patients with long bone fractures that were stabilized internally with metallic devices  was studied prospect ively and retrospectively . RESULTS The incidence of SSI was 12 % . The isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus in four patients , Pseudomonas spp . in three , and Escherichia coli in one patient . Diabetes mellitus and perioperative transfusion with allogeneic blood were not predictive of SSI . Duration of operation longer than 120 minutes was a strong predictor ( OR 2.25 , 95 % CL 0.48 - 10.16 ) . Other risk factors were male sex ( OR 2.01 , 95 % CL 0.44 - 10.45 ) , injury-operation interval less than six months ( OR 2.00 , 95 % CL 0.22 - 46.08 ) , fracture fixation with plates and screws ( OR 1.51 , 95 % CL 0.36 - 6.40 ) , white blood cell count ( WBC ) less than 5,000 per cumm ( OR 1.50 , 95 % CL 0.15 - 16.37 ) , preoperative urinary catheterization ( OR 1.48 , 95 % CL 0.00 - 16.19 ) , and postoperative urinary catheterization ( OR 1.24 , 95 % CL 0.29 - 5.00 ) . CONCLUSION The incidence of SSI after internal fixation of long bone fractures in our centers is 12 % , and this is within the previously reported range . Use of plates and screws , WBC less than 5,000 per cumm , and perioperative urinary catheterization are important risk factors
AND RELEVANCE In a broad review of published literature , risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness , patient frailty , surgery duration , and complexity .
IMPORTANCE Surgical site infection ( SSI ) complicates 2 - 5 % of surgeries in the United States .
Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis , and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity , mortality , and economic burden associated with surgery .
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI , and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally .
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting .