Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .
Women’s Healthy Lifestyle Project: A Randomized Clinical Trial: Results at 54 Months
Background —The Women ’s Healthy Lifestyle Project Clinical Trial tested the hypothesis that reducing saturated fat and cholesterol consumption and preventing weight gain by decreased caloric and fat intake and increased physical activity would prevent the rise in LDL cholesterol and weight gain in women during perimenopause to postmenopause . Methods and Results —There were 275 premenopausal women r and omized into the assessment only group and 260 women into the intervention group . The mean age of participants at baseline was 47 years , and 92 % of the women were white . The mean LDL cholesterol was 115 mg/dL at baseline , and mean body mass index was 25 kg/m2 . The follow-up through 54 months was excellent . By 54 months , 35 % of the women had become postmenopausal . At the 54-month examination , there was a 3.5-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol in the intervention group and an 8.9-mg/dL increase in the assessment -only group ( P = 0.009 ) . Weight decreased 0.2 lb in the intervention and increased 5.2 lb in the assessment -only group ( P = 0.000 ) . Triglycerides and glucose also increased significantly more in the assessment -only group than in the intervention group . Waist circumference decreased 2.9 cm in the intervention compared with 0.5 cm in the assessment -only group ( P = 0.000 ) . Conclusions —The trial was successful in reducing the rise in LDL cholesterol during perimenopause to postmenopause but could not completely eliminate the rise in LDL cholesterol . The trial was also successful in preventing the increase in weight from premenopause to perimenopause to postmenopause . The difference in LDL cholesterol between the assessment and intervention groups was most pronounced among postmenopausal women and occurred among hormone users and nonusers
Similar effects also appeared in SBP and DBP categories regardless of follow-up duration .
PA+D interventions had larger improvement effects on CVD risk factors than PA alone interventions .
In adults without IGT or diabetes , lifestyle interventions result ed in significant improvements in SBP , DBP , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C , and TG , and might further reduce CVD risk
Structured lifestyle interventions can reduce diabetes incidence and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk among persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but it is unclear whether they should be implemented among persons without IGT .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on CVD risk among adults without IGT or diabetes .