Based on the findings of three small RCTs of moderate to severely poisoned patients, glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide in addition to standard care may be a beneficial treatment for patients with paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. To enable further study of the effects of glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide for patients with moderate to severe paraquat poisoning, hospitals may provide this treatment as part of an RCT with allocation concealment.
Repeated pulse of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide with continuous dexamethasone therapy for patients with severe paraquat poisoning.
Paraquat is widely used in the world, and all treatments for paraquat poisoning have been unsuccessful. Many patients have died of paraquat poisoning in developing countries. A novel anti-inflammation method was developed to treat severe paraquat-poisoned patients with >50% to <90% predictive mortality: initial pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (1 g/day for 3 days) and cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg/day for 2 days), followed by dexamethasone 20 mg/day until Pao2 was >11.5 kPa (80 mm Hg) and repeated pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (1 g/day for 3 days) and cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg/day for 1 day), which was repeated if Pao2 was <8.64 kPa (60 mm Hg).
                Randomized controlled trial.
                Academic medical center in Taiwan.
                Twenty-three paraquat-poisoned patients with >50% and <90% predictive mortality assessed by plasma paraquat levels were prospectively and randomly assigned to the control and study groups at a proportion of 1:2.
                The control group received conventional therapy and the study group received the novel repeated pulse treatment with long-term steroid therapy.
                We measured patient mortality during the study period. There was not a different distribution of basal variables between the two study groups. The mortality rate (85.7%, six of seven) of the control group was higher than that of the study group (31.3%, five of 16; p = .0272).
                The novel anti-inflammatory therapy reduces the mortality rate for patients with severe paraquat poisoning.