Repetitive task training resulted in modest improvement in lower limb function, but not upper limb function. Training may be sufficient to impact on daily living function. However, there is no evidence that improvements are sustained once training has ended. The review potentially investigates task specificity rather more than repetition. Further research should focus on the type and amount of training, and how to maintain functional gain.
Task-related circuit training improves performance of locomotor tasks in chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled pilot trial.
To evaluate the immediate and retention effects of a 4-week training program on the performance of locomotor-related tasks in chronic stroke.
                Randomized, controlled pilot study with 2-month follow-up.
                Rehabilitation center.
                A convenience sample consisting of 12 chronic stroke subjects was used. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group. Three subjects withdrew from the study.
                Both experimental and control groups participated in exercise classes three times a week for 4 weeks. The exercise class for the experimental group focused on strengthening the affected lower limb and practicing functional tasks involving the lower limbs, while the control group practiced upper-limb tasks.
                Lower-limb function was evaluated by measuring walking speed and endurance, peak vertical ground reaction force through the affected foot during sit-to-stand, and the step test.
                The experimental group demonstrated significant immediate and retained (2-month follow-up) improvement (p < or = .05) compared with the control group in walking speed and endurance, force production through the affected leg during sit-to-stand, and the number of repetitions of the step test.
                The pilot study provides evidence for the efficacy of a task-related circuit class at improving locomotor function in chronic stroke.