Studies evaluated in this review report significant improvements in knowledge measures and protective behaviours. Results might have differed had the true ICCs from studies been available or cluster-adjusted results been available. Several studies reported harms, suggesting a need to monitor the impact of similar interventions. Retention of knowledge should be measured beyond 3-12 months. Further investigation of the best forms of presentation and optimal age of programme delivery is required.
Child sexual abuse prevention: evaluation and one-year follow-up.
Because of the high incidence and negative psychological consequences of child sexual abuse, prevention programs have been developed and implemented nationwide. Few programs, however, have been comprehensively evaluated. In this multimodal study, a 3-session adaptation of the Feeling Yes, Feeling No curriculum was provided to 286 third and fourth graders from four schools whose responses were compared to 113 delayed-treatment control children from two schools. Program impact was assessed using a knowledge scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, a videotape vignettes measure, a parent questionnaire, and disclosure data. Treatment children exhibited significantly greater knowledge and better ability to discriminate safe from unsafe situations on the video measure than control children at posttesting. These gains were maintained at 6-week follow-up testing. There were no differences in treatment and control children's self-reported anxiety or parents' reports of negative emotional/behavioral consequences, which were minimal. Over 5% of participating children reported ongoing or past sexual abuse. In the One-Year Follow-Up Study, children's knowledge gains and prevention skills scores on the video measure were maintained at one-year follow-up. A 1-session "booster shot" program further enhanced children's safety discrimination skills on the video measure.