Repetitive task training resulted in modest improvement in lower limb function, but not upper limb function. Training may be sufficient to impact on daily living function. However, there is no evidence that improvements are sustained once training has ended. The review potentially investigates task specificity rather more than repetition. Further research should focus on the type and amount of training, and how to maintain functional gain.
The effect of a task-oriented intervention on arm function in people with stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
To evaluate the efficacy of a task-oriented intervention in enhancing arm function in people with stroke.
                Two-centre, observer-blinded, stratified, block-randomized controlled trial.
                General community.
                Ninety-one individuals within one year of a first or recurrent stroke consented to participate between May 2000 and February 2003. Interventions: The experimental intervention involved practice of functional, unilateral and bilateral tasks that were designed to improve gross and fine manual dexterity whereas the control intervention was composed of walking tasks. Members in both groups participated in three sessions a week for six weeks.
                The primary test of arm function was the Box and Block Test. Secondary tests included the Nine-Hole Peg Test, maximal grip strength, the Test d'Evaluation des Membres supérieurs des Personnes Agées (TEMPA) and the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement.
                Results are for the more affected arm. Baseline performance on the Box and Block Test was an average of 26 blocks (standard deviation (SD) = 16) in the experimental group (n = 47) and 26 blocks (SD = 18) in the control group (n = 44). These values represent approximately 40% of age-predicted values. Values for the postintervention evaluation were an average of 28 (SD = 17) and 28 (SD = 19) blocks for the experimental and control group respectively. No meaningful change on other measures of arm function was observed.
                A task-oriented intervention did not improve voluntary movement or manual dexterity of the affected arm in people with chronic stroke.