batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
3D hierarchical SnS2 microspheres have been designed and fabricated via a one-pot biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal method. When used as anode material in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, the as-formed SnS2 microspheres self-assembled by layered nanosheets, show high lithium storage capacity, long-term cycling stability and superior rate capability. After charge–discharge for 100 cycles, the remaining discharge capacities are kept as high as 570.3, 486.2, and 264mAhg−1 at 1C (0.65Ag−1), 5C, and 10C rate, respectively. Such outstanding performance of these SnS2 microspheres is ascribed to their unique 3D hierarchical structures. The new charge–discharge mechanism of 3D SnS2 microsphere as anode in Li-ion battery is further revealed.
In this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surface, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (ML) ranges from 30.51% to 87.57% and residual mass (RM) from 12.44% to 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter and macerals (vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite). Kinetic analysis revealed the coals are highly reactive under the oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats–Redfern Model. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 23.81 to 89.56 kJ/mol, whereas the pre-exponential factor (ko) was from 6.77 × 10–4/min to 1.72 × 103/min under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either energy recovery or industrial applications.
A rigorous pseudo two-dimensional model to simulate the cycling performance of a lithium ion cell is compared with two simplified models. The advantage of using simplified models is illustrated and their limitations are discussed. It is shown that for 1C or less discharge rates a simple ordinary differential equation (ODE) model can be used to predict accurately the potential as a function of time. For rates higher than 1C, simplifications to the rigorous model are suggested that reduce the solution time for the model.
Nickel–metal-hydride (Ni–MH) batteries are prepared with thick-film and thin-film technologies based on porous ceramic substrates. The porosity and the mean pore diameter of BP ceramic substrates prepared from the argils increases from 19.81% and 0.0432μm to 29.81% and 0.224μm, respectively, upon increasing the ethyl cellulose content in the BP argil from 0 to 0.79%. The pore diameter of Al2O3 substrates prepared from Al2O3 powder is mainly distributed in the range 0.01–0.5μm. The distribution of the pore diameters of BP ceramic substrates lies in two ranges, namely: 0.04–2μm and 10–300μm. Using BP ceramic plates and Al2O3 plates as substrates to fabricate thick-film Ni–MH batteries, the optimal electroactive material utilization in the batteries is 77.0 and 71.1%, respectively. On increasing the screen-printing number for preparing the cathode (Ni(OH)2) from 1 to 3, the discharge capacity of the thick-film battery increases from 0.2917 to 0.7875mAh, and the utilization in the battery decreases from 71.0 to 53.0%.
Severe traumatic knee injury, including injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), leads to impaired sensorimotor function. Although improvements are achieved by training, impairment often persists. Because good sensorimotor function is associated with better patient-reported function and a potential lower risk of future joint problems, more effective treatment is warranted. Temporary cutaneous anesthesia of adjacent body parts was successfully used on the hand and foot to improve sensorimotor function. The aim of this study was to test whether this principle of brain plasticity could be used on the knee. The hypothesis was that temporary anesthesia of the skin area above and below the knee would improve sensorimotor function of the ipsilateral knee and leg in subjects with ACL injury.
The Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS) was developed to address the growing need for linguistically appropriate Spanish-language assessment measures. Despite the potential benefits to clinical practice, no prior study has assessed its diagnostic validity in populations with epilepsy. One hundred and fifteen patients with confirmed epilepsy were evaluated via the NeSBHIS; these data were standardized according to age- and education-based norms. Performance decrements were observed in more than 40% of participants on measures of processing speed and naming. Deficits in verbal and visual recall were also exhibited by 29 and 26% of the sample, respectively. No significant differences in test performance emerged between patients with VEEG evidence of left (N =48) versus right (N =24) temporal lobe epilepsy. Although the NeSBHIS is sensitive to the cognitive impairments commonly observed in populations with epilepsy, there are limitations to its ability to identify lateralized neuropsychological impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Personalized power management in mobile devices is a critical issue in handling the diversity of smartphone usage. In particular, usage prediction is important for the efficient use of remaining battery capacity. In this paper, we propose a system that predicts the amount of battery usage required in the future. Our key insight is that a high degree of correlation exists between battery usage and a user’s movements. We design an everyday location monitoring system that only uses cell-tower connections, without additional energy consumption. The technical challenge is eliminating the ping-pong effect in a series of cell-tower transitions to determine the mobility status, especially with limited access to the list of neighboring cell towers. We construct a graph from the sequence of recorded cell towers and recognize the points of interest using a partial clique graph. We use the Markov predictor to estimate the required battery level depending on the user’s movements. We demonstrate the accuracy of battery usage prediction using real traces of participants collected over a period of four weeks. The result shows that the proposed system correctly predicts the battery usage of smartphones, with an 8.1±7.5% margin of error.
A separator film for high-performance Li-ion batteries was prepared by electrospinning. The film had a hybrid morphology of silica nanofibers (SNFs) and alumina nanoparticles (ANPs), with a smooth surface, polymer-free composition, high porosity (79%), high electrolyte uptake (876%), and excellent thermal stability. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the better immersion capability of the SNF-ANP separator film for commercial liquid electrolytes than a commercial CELGARD 2500 separator film. Moreover, compared to the commercial CELGARD 2500 separator, the ionic conductivity of the SNF-ANP separator film was nearly three times higher, the bulk resistance was lower at elevated temperature (120 °C), the interfacial resistance with lithium metal was lower, and the electrochemical window was wider. Full cells were fabricated to determine the cell performance at room temperature. The specific capacity of the full cell with the SNF-ANP separator film was 165 mAh g−1; the cell was stable for 100 charge/discharge cycles and exhibited a capacity retention of 99.9%. Notably, the electrospun SNF-ANP separator film can be safely used in Li-ion or Li-S rechargeable batteries.
α-MnO2 has been made using a solid state synthesis and the specific surface area then modified through milling. The formation of α-MnO2 (specific surface area 96m2 g−1) has been studied by SEM and powder XRD prior to milling. Electrode films (cast using MnO2, graphite and PVDF) have been investigated using N2 sorption at 77K and show a more complex relationship than their parent oxides. Specific capacitances of 235Fg−1 were observed in cyclic voltammetry studies in (NH4)2SO4 (aq.) electrolyte. Good cyclability was observed in hybrid C/MnO2 cells investigated through both galvanostatic and electrochemical impedance techniques. The specific capacitances of the cells were found to correlate with S BET of the electrode films and not that of the parent MnO2 powders.
Publisher Summary The goal of this chapter is to present a conceptual framework to approach health problems of aging, to provide examples of how research studies of aging build on this conceptual framework, and to address aspects of research design, which can be modified to promote broader age participation and to specifically address unique problems of aging. Since older adults have high rates of health problems and are the most frequent users of healthcare, clinical research to build the knowledge base for care of the aged is essential. Without efforts to change the way one performs research, one will continue to mistakenly extrapolate information from studies in younger adults to decisions about care of the aged. Investigators can incorporate general concepts about aging processes into research questions and study design. Many practical solutions exist that can foster increased participation of older adults in research studies. Better knowledge about health and aging can result in important new insights into fundamental biological processes, better care, and more rational use of healthcare resources, and ultimately into improved quality of life and function for older adults. Most chronic conditions, including heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, cancer, and arthritis, are two to ten times more common in persons aged 65 and over compared to younger adults. Consequently, multiple coexisting conditions are much more likely in older than younger adults. Older adults have high rates of health problems and are the most frequent users of healthcare. Clinical research to build the knowledge base for care of the aged is essential.
In this work, nickel cobalt oxides with controlled morphology are fabricated through a facile surfactant free hydrothermal method. When using urea as precipitant, mesoporous microsphere assembled by densely packed nano-needles is obtained. The molar ratio between nickel and cobalt (nNi:mCo) shows a significant influence on the fine nanostructure as well as the electrochemical capacitive behaviors of the products. When nNi:mCo equals to 1, the as-prepared nickel cobalt oxide exhibits maximum specific capacitance value of 696Fg−1 at a current density of 1Ag−1 with high mass loading of 6mgcm−2, and excellent cycling stability (∼100% retention upon 5000 charge/discharge cycles at 10Ag−1) are achieved.
This paper presents the case of BB, an individual with an atypical posterior cortical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The severity of BB's visuo-spatial impairment far outweighed impairment of other cognitive functions. BB's case is also unusual in that despite a long history of progressive impairment, his cognitive symptoms remain relatively circumscribed. More specifically, BB's pattern of memory impairment was striking, since his impairment on formal psychometric tests of memory contrasted with his performance at clinical interview, where he talked lucidly about events in his past, and displayed remarkably well-preserved general semantic knowledge. On the basis of BB's clinical profile, it was hypothesised that his pattern of cognitive performance reflected an impairment of anterograde memory in the context of relative preservation of remote memory. Further investigations revealed that while BB's anterograde memory function was comparable to that of other AD patients, his remote memory was well preserved relative to other AD ‘controls'. These findings are discussed in terms of typical and atypical presentations of Alzheimer's disease, and in terms of the possible fractionation of different aspects of long-term memory. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the neural bases of different types of retrograde memory (i.e. ‘old' versus ‘recent') are considered, with particular reference to the contrasting theoretical frameworks that have recently been advanced by Squire and Moscovitch.
ABSTRACT Porous anatase TiO2 samples have been prepared by a bio-template route using low-cost yeast cells as templates. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammograms (CV). The results showed that the prepared samples have a hierarchical porous structure replicated from the microstructure of yeast template, which combines macropores (1.5–2.5μm) and thin pore wall (0.2–0.7μm) composed by mesopore (9.78nm) and 10–20nm active material. The prepared porous TiO2 delivered a discharge capacity of about 255.98mAhg−1 and its capacity retention was about 80% after 100 cycles at 1/3C. Remarkably, it still showed a high discharge capacity of 112.93 and 84.65mAhg−1 even at 5 and 10C, respectively. The good rate performance can be ascribed to the hierarchical porous structure, which provided good access of the electrolyte to the electrode interface, reducing path lengths for ion diffusion and accommodating volume changes during cycling.
Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by a solid-state reaction of ternary precursor materials TiO2, Li2CO3 and carbon. The precursors were mixed by two methods—a dry and wet process. Different types of carbons (carbon black, high-surface-area carbon, graphite and carbonized polymer) were used. The particle shape and size of the product were connected to the carbon type used in the synthesis. The electrochemical performance and the role of particle shape and size were investigated. The weight loses of ternary powder was monitored by TGA to establish the optimum synthesis temperature. XRD diffraction was used to study the TiO2 residue in the final powder.
In view of the importance of Disruptive Innovations (DIs) in both emerging and advanced economies, a better understanding of how to cultivate opportunities for DIs is called for. We provide case study exemplars that illustrate how entrepreneurs have deliberately undertaken DIs for customers of low-end and new markets. Our findings show how the entrepreneurial opportunities embedded in these DIs are purposefully discovered and created. By extending research on the generation of entrepreneurial opportunities into the arena of disruptive innovations, the paper aims to contribute to understanding of both DI and the nature of opportunity generation and to provide a basis for guidance to practitioners.
Abstract Gaston Planté invented the lead–acid battery by combing a lead/lead sulfate and lead dioxide/lead sulfate electrodes. He demonstrated it before the French Academy of Sciences in 1860. The battery had low capacity because the electrodes were produced by electrochemical cycling of lead plates in H2SO4 solution. Fauré increased the capacity by coating the lead plates with lead oxide paste to form active masses. Volckmar and Sellon replaced the lead sheets with lead–antimony (PbSb) grids. Barton proposed a method of PbO manufacture by oxidation of molten pulverized Pb and Shimadzu by friction of lead balls in mills. The technology evolved into manufacturing pastes from tri- or tetrabasic lead sulfates, pasting of grids, and electrochemical formation of electrodes. Thanks to this technology, skeleton and energetic structures are formed in both active masses. The capacity of the negative plates was improved by adding lignosulfonates, BaSO4, and carbon to the paste. To reduce water loss during operation of the lead–acid battery, the PbSb grids were replaced with PbCa ones. This resulted in premature capacity loss on cycling, which was overcome by the addition of tin to the PbCa alloy. In batteries with PbSnCa grids, the polymer separator was replaced by absorptive glass mat, which transferred the oxygen evolved at the positive plates to the negatives, where it was reduced and the water was restored. Maintenance-free valve-regulated lead–acid batteries were created. Lead–acid batteries are produced for use in automobiles for starting, lighting, and ignition. Other applications include stationary batteries used for back-up power supply, traction batteries, special purpose batteries for aircrafts and submarines, reserve (stand-by) batteries, and batteries for hybrid electric vehicles.
Wearable electronics offer the combined advantages of both electronics and fabrics. Being an indispensable part of these electronics, lightweight, stretchable and wearable power sources are strongly demanded. Here we describe a daily-used nylon lycra fabric coated with polypyrrole as electrode for stretchable supercapacitors. Polypyrrole was synthesized on the fabric via a simple chemical polymerization process with ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant and naphthalene-2,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (Na2NDS) as a dopant. This material was characterized with FESEM, FTIR, tensile stress, and studied as a supercapacitor electrode in 1.0M NaCl. This conductive textile could endure 1000 stretching cycles with 100% strain applied, and still retained its electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties. Interestingly, we also found that this material showed improved electrochemical properties when it was being stretched.
In our previous work, 10 Wh-class (30650 type) lithium secondary batteries, which were fabricated with LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 positive electrodes and graphite–coke hybrid carbon negative electrodes, showed an excellent cycle performance of 2350 cycles at a 70% state of charge charge–discharge cycle test. However, this cycle performance is insufficient for dispersed energy storage systems, such as home use load leveling systems. In order to clarify the capacity fade factors of the cell, we focused our investigation on the ability discharge capacity of the positive and negative electrodes after 2350 cycles. Although the cell capacity deteriorated to 70% of its initial capacity after 2350 cycles, it was confirmed that the LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 positive electrode and graphite–coke hybrid negative electrode after 2350 cycles still have sufficient ability discharge capacity of 86 and 92% of their initial capacity, respectively. Accompanied by the result for a composition analysis of the positive electrode material by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), electrochemical active lithium decreased and the Li x Ni0.7Co0.3O2 positive electrode could be charged–discharged in a narrow range of between x=0.41 and 0.66 in the battery, although it had enough ability discharge capacity that can use between x=0.36 and 0.87. It is predicted that solid electrolyte interface formation by electrolyte decomposition on the carbon negative electrode during the charge–discharge cycle test is a main factor of the decrease of electrochemical active lithium.
Primary care providers (PCPs) are typically the first to screen and evaluate patients for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), including mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, data on PCP attitudes and evaluation and management practices are sparse. Our objective was to quantify perspectives and behaviors of PCPs and neurologists with respect to NCD evaluation and management.
Wulff-shaped and nanorod-like nanoporous mesocrystals constructed from ultrathin rutile TiO2 nanowires were successfully fabricated for the first time in the presence of the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). SDBS played a key role in the homoepitaxial self-assembly process, in which titanate nanowires were used as the primary building blocks for forming mesocrystals accompanying with a simultaneous phase transition. The nanoporous rutile TiO2 mesocrystals have a large surface area and were subjected to detailed structural characterization by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) including high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Furthermore, the nanoporous rutile TiO2 mesocrystals were applied as the electrode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and demonstrated a large reversible charge–discharge capacity, excellent cycling stability and high rate performance. These properties were attributed to the intrinsic characteristic of the mesoscopic structured TiO2 with nanoporous nature and larger surface area (which favored fast Li-ion transport), as well as the presence of sufficient void space to accommodate the volume change.
Well-aligned hierarchical heterostructures composed of hydrogen titanate (H2Ti2O5·H2O, labeled as HTO) nanowire stems and anatase TiO2 nanoparticle branches (HTO/TiO2 NWAs) have been synthesized successfully on Ti-foil substrate as additive-free electrodes for hybrid Li-ion capacitors (LICs). The inner 3D HTO conductive scaffold consisted of vertically aligned nanowires and porous rooftop network is beneficial to large capacitance. Moreover, the countless anatase TiO2 particles on the surface of HTO nanowires can enrich electro-active sites, reduce the ion and electron resistance, shorten Li-ion transport pathways and enhance structural stability. Owning to the synergistic effects of HTO and anatase TiO2, the electrodes deliver large capacitance, superior rate capability and excellent cycle stability. The HTO/TiO2//AC (activated carbon) hybrid system presents fascinating energy density (84.7 Wh kg−1 at 0.5A g1) and ultralong lifespan (78.5% capacity retention after 10000 cycles at 10.0Ag−1 within 0.0-4.0V). Even at high power density of 20kWkg−1, an excellent energy density of 44.4 Wh kg−1 can be retained. Thus, the LIC assembled with HTO/TiO2 NWAs anode and AC cathode can be a potential candidate as high-performance energy storage application.
Na3V2(PO4)3 is suitable for the rapid migration of Na+ in the electrochemical reaction process due to its open-ended structure of 3D sodium super ionic conductor type, but the low electronic conductivity and large volume deformation during the repeated Na+ extraction/insertion severely limit its rate and cycle performance. Herein, a blackberry-shaped Na3V2(PO4)3 is synthesized for the first time to address both of the problems, and the structure is composed of aggregated carbon-coated nanoparticles attaching to highly conductive 3D porous carbon scaffolds, hence provides efficient pathways for both electrons and ions. For sodium-ion batteries, the blackberry-shaped Na3V2(PO4)3 exhibits high reversible capacity (116 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C), high-rate performance (83 mA h g−1 at 20 C) and long-life stability (94.4% capacity retention after 4500 cycles at 10 C). The excellent electrochemical performance indicates that blackberry-shaped Na3V2(PO4)3 has better application prospects as an advanced cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.