batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Composition design and morphology control of electrode materials are effective strategies to enhance the specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling life of electrochemical energy storage devices. Here we report our findings in the design and synthesis of a three-phase nickel sulfide (NiS-Ni3S2-Ni3S4, denoted as TP-NixSy) with 3D flower-like architecture assembled from interconnected nanoflakes, which delivers a specific capacity of 724Cg−1 at a current density of 1Ag−1. When integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a TP-NixSy/rGO composite electrode, derived from a hydrothermal process, demonstrates not only higher specific capacity (807Cg−1 at 1Ag−1) but also better rate capability (~72% capacity retention as the current density was increased from 1 to 20Ag−1). Moreover, a hybrid energy storage device, constructed from a TP-NixSy/rGO positive electrode and a graphene-based negative electrode, shows a high energy density of 46Whkg−1 at a power density of 1.8kWkg−1. It retains an energy density of 32Whkg−1 at power density of 17.2kWkg−1, demonstrating its viability and potential for practical applications.
Development of lithium-ion battery recycling systems is a current focus of much research; however, significant research remains to optimize the process. One key area not studied is the utilization of mechanical pre-recycling steps to improve overall yield. This work proposes a pre-recycling process, including mechanical shredding and size-based sorting steps, with the goal of potential future scale-up to the industrial level. This pre-recycling process aims to achieve material segregation with a focus on the metallic portion and provide clear targets for subsequent recycling processes. The results show that contained metallic materials can be segregated into different size fractions at different levels. For example, for lithium cobalt oxide batteries, cobalt content has been improved from 35% by weight in the metallic portion before this pre-recycling process to 82% in the ultrafine (<0.5mm) fraction and to 68% in the fine (0.5–1mm) fraction, and been excluded in the larger pieces (>6mm). However, size fractions across multiple battery chemistries showed significant variability in material concentration. This finding indicates that sorting by cathode before pre-treatment could reduce the uncertainty of input materials and therefore improve the purity of output streams. Thus, battery labeling systems may be an important step towards implementation of any pre-recycling process.
To uncover the circuit-level alterations that underlie atypical sensory processing associated with autism, we adopted a symptom-to-circuit approach in the Fmr1-knockout (Fmr1–/–) mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Using a go/no-go task and in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we find that impaired visual discrimination in Fmr1–/– mice correlates with marked deficits in orientation tuning of principal neurons and with a decrease in the activity of parvalbumin interneurons in primary visual cortex. Restoring visually evoked activity in parvalbumin cells in Fmr1–/– mice with a chemogenetic strategy using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs was sufficient to rescue their behavioral performance. Strikingly, human subjects with Fragile X syndrome exhibit impairments in visual discrimination similar to those in Fmr1–/– mice. These results suggest that manipulating inhibition may help sensory processing in Fragile X syndrome.
The kinetic aspects of powder material electrochemistry can be studied using the cavity microelectrode (CME) as it allows carrying out voltammetry at scan rates between a few millivolts per second to several hundreds of volts per second. Thus, significant voltammogram characteristics-scan rate profiles can be drawn. Theoretical models suited to each material needs to be developed for their exploitation. First, we report significant results obtained with CME on powder materials. The materials studied were chosen for their wide variety of possible applications such as battery materials (polyaniline or Bi2O3, which modifies the electrochemical behavior of materials in which it is included), supercapacitor (carbon black), and for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of organic compounds (PtO2). Secondly, we briefly describe the general action for establishing models to obtain a better understanding of the electrochemical processes.
Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), possessing a polymer matrix and embedded liquid electrolyte, is a critical component of lithium-ion batteries. To enhance GPE performance, in this work a self-crosslinkable poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVdF) graft copolymer possessing Meldrum's acid (MA) groups as reactive sites has been prepared with atom transfer radical polymerization and utilized as a polymer matrix for GPEs. Compared to neat PVdF based GPEs, incorporation of MA groups to PVdF chains simultaneously brings crosslinking characteristic and high polarity to PVdF chains so as to enhance the thermal stability, mechanical strength, and polymer matrix-electrolyte affinity of the corresponding GPEs. The prepared GPE has an ionic conductivity of about 1.48 mS cm−1, which is higher than the value of 0.98 mS cm−1 measured on commercial Celgard 2325® separator. Moreover, good Li-ion battery performance, including high discharge capacity (136 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C) and high capacity retention at high C-rates (66% at 10 C and 50% at 15 C), has been recorded with the prepared GPE based LIBs, demonstrating the application potential of the developed GPE for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.
The cycling performance of 5 V Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells with 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DMC (1/2, v/v) with and without TMSB (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0wt.%) has been investigated. After 200 cycles, the cells with 1.0wt.% TMSB have superior cycling performance with 95.3% capacity retention; while the cells with baseline electrolyte only maintain 84.4% capacity retention. The cells with 1.0wt.% TMSB containing electrolyte have lower impedance after cycling at high voltage. In addition, the TMSB added cells show superior elevated temperature storage performance, the discharge capacity is 122.1mAhg−1 and 109.9mAhg−1 for the cells with and without TMSB after storage at 60°C for a week at fully charged state, respectively. In order to further understand the effects of TMSB on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode upon cycling at high voltage, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal-gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis were conducted after the cycling test. The results indicate that the use of TMSB can form a stable and compact film on the surface of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode, which inhibits the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte and reduces the dissolution of Mn and Ni from the bulk cathode material.
Previously, the continuous performance test was demonstrated to elicit distinct electrophysiological correlates of cognitive response during execution (Go) and inhibition (NoGo) of an anticipated motor response. A robust method for topographical quantification of these brain electrical microstates has been established recently. Test reliability is crucial to allow application in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study evaluates the reliability of the Go and NoGo centroid locations as well as the NoGo anteriorisation (NGA) in 23 healthy individuals. Our results show supreme test-alternate retest reliabilities of Pearson's product moment correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients of r≥0.63 (P≤0.001) for these parameters which assert a quality well within the range reported for those of other electrophysiological standard paradigms. Go and NoGo centroid locations as well as the NGA are, therefore, reliable correlates of prefrontal motor control and may contribute to the understanding of disorders with allied impairments.
Prospective studies of infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have identified a number of putative early markers that are associated with ASD outcome at 3 years of age. However, some diagnostic changes occur between toddlerhood and mid-childhood, which raises the question of whether infant markers remain associated with diagnosis into mid-childhood.
Carbon-coated LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4 (LMFP) was synthesized by sol–gel technique using citric acid as foaming agent and carbon precursor. To evaluate the effect of synthetic conditions on the electrochemical properties of LMFP for use as cathode active material, the carbon-coated olivines were synthesized by a two-step thermal treatment at different temperatures. The composites were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman microprobe spectroscopy and their electrochemical properties were also studied. The composite that shows the better electrochemical performance has more porous structure, lower D/G band ratio in Raman spectra, and charge and discharge capacities of same 155mAhg−1 with higher material utilization of 97% at 0.1C-rate (0.05mAcm−2). The material exhibiting the better performance was also incorporated in a polymer electrolyte hosted in an electrospun P(VdF-HFP) membrane. The lithium polymer battery composed of LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4 cathode and polymer electrolyte showed a good cycling performance with the initial discharge capacity of 146mAhg−1.
Handheld mobile devices have evolved from simple voice communication devices to general purpose devices capable of executing complex applications. Despite this evolution, the applications executing on the mobile devices suffer due to their constrained resources. The constraints such as limited battery lifetime, limited storage and processing capabilities produce an adverse impact on the performance of applications executing on the mobile devices. Computation offloading addresses the issue of limited resources by transferring the computation workload to other systems having better resources. It may be oriented towards extending battery lifetime, enhancing storage capacity or improving the performance of an application. In this paper, we perform a survey of the computation offloading strategies correlated with performance improvement for an application. We categorize these approaches in terms of their workload distribution and offloading decisions. We also describe the evolution of the computation offloading based environment as well as a categorization of application partitioning mechanisms adopted in various contributions. Furthermore, we present a parameter-wise comparison of automated frameworks, the application domains that benefit from computation offloading and the future challenges impeding the evolution of computation offloading.
Understanding the root causes of Lithium-ion battery degradation is a challenging task due to the complexity of the different mechanisms involved. For simplicity, ageing mechanisms are often grouped into three degradation modes (DMs): conductivity loss, loss of active material and loss of lithium inventory. Battery Management Systems (BMSs) do not currently include an indication of the underlying DMs causing the degradation. Pseudo Open Circuit Voltage (pOCV), Incremental Capacity - Differential Voltage (IC-DV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Differential Thermal Voltammetry are the most common non-invasive diagnosis techniques studied in the literature to quantify DMs. This work presents a critical and systematic review of these techniques with the focus on the elaboration of their strengths and weaknesses for the implementation in automotive applications. Firstly, each technique is classified into different groups and their working principles are presented. Secondly, an evaluation criterion is introduced to review each technique following a systematic approach. The comparison of the techniques highlight that pOCV and IC-DV are the most advantageous because they fulfill most of the points included in the evaluation criteria. The further implementation of these techniques would support battery lifetime control strategies and battery designs.
This paper is a contribution to lithium-ion batteries modelling taking into account aging effects. It first analyses the impact of aging on electrode stoichiometry and then on lithium-ion cell Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curve. Through some hypotheses and an appropriate definition of the cell state of charge, it shows that each electrode equilibrium potential, but also the whole cell equilibrium potential can be modelled by a polynomial that requires only one adjustment parameter during aging. An adjustment algorithm, based on the idea that for two fixed OCVs, the state of charge between these two equilibrium states is unique for a given aging level, is then proposed. Its efficiency is evaluated on a battery pack constituted of four cells.
Aliphatic polycarbonates have emerged as promising polymer electrolytes due to their combination of moderate ionic conductivity and high lithium transference numbers. However, the mechanical properties of the aliphatic polycarbonates polymer electrolytes are usually weak due to the low molecular weight achieved and plasticization effect of the added lithium salt. In this article, we present a copolymer having poly(ethylene oxide) segments linked by carbonate groups with cross-linkable methacrylic pendant groups. Once the polymer and the lithium salt were mixed, the poly(ethylene oxide carbonate) was cross-linked by UV light producing a free standing solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Different SPE formulations were designed by varying the LiTFSI concentration within the polymer matrix showing the highest ionic conductivity of 1.3·10−3 S cm−1 and a lithium transference number of 0.59 at 70 °C. 7Li solid-state NMR experiments were used to correlate the lithium cation environment and dynamics with ionic conductivity. At the same temperature the electrochemical stability window was analyzed, and a reasonable value of 4.9 V was achieved. The study was complemented by mechanical and thermal stability measurements. Finally, the optimized UV-cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide carbonate) was tested as electrolyte in lithium metal symmetric cell at 70 °C, showing low over-potential values and a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer.
Lithium-rich layered material is one of the most promising candidates of cathode materials for next-generation electric vehicles. However, one of the major issues that pertains to this material is the oxygen release during initial charge, which results in low initial coulombic efficiency (CE), intense electrolyte oxidation and thermal instability. In this study, we have conducted aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) coating via atomic layer deposition (ALD) approach to protect the surface of this cathode material powders. It was found that part of the C2/m Li2MnO3 phase turned into a spinel-like phase during the ALD process. The oxygen release has been effectively suppressed by such transformation, the initial CE increased from 75.2% for the bare electrode to 86.2% for the electrode with only 5 ALD cycles of AlPO4 coating. Furthermore, AlPO4 was also found to be more effective in improving the thermal stability of the cathode material comparing to bare or Al2O3 coated samples. Our study has provided a new possible solution towards cathode materials with high thermal resistance via conformal coating.
We report the electrochemical properties of submicron-sized particles of NaFePO4. Two materials have been studied and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, EIS and Raman experiments: the maricite phase synthesized by hydrothermal method and the olivine phase obtained from delithiation of LiFePO4. NaFePO4 materials have an electrochemical activity in Na cell using NaPF6–EC–DEC electrolyte, but only in the heterosite phase, and the capacity is reduced already in the second cycle. The two-phase system at intermediate compositions has also been analyzed.
Flexible electrospun titanium carbide (TiC) nano-felts were converted into carbide-derived carbon (CDC) by dry chlorination at temperatures between 200 and 1000°C and used as binder-free supercapacitor electrodes. In the carbide nano-felt, TiC nano-crystals (20–30nm) were embedded in a matrix of disordered carbon. After chlorination, the porous CDC nano-fibers/felts maintain their size, shape, and flexibility. With the increase of synthesis/chlorination temperature, the degree of carbon ordering increased. Electrochemical characterizations in 1M H2SO4 and 1.5M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile were carried out on binder-free electrodes with galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest gravimetric capacitance was identified for the CDC nano-felt synthesized at the highest temperature of 1000°C, reaching 135Fg−1 in aqueous and 120Fg−1 in organic electrolytes. In contrast to powder or monolithic supercapacitor electrodes made of conventional activated, templated, or carbide-derived carbons, this material demonstrated excellent high-power handling ability; and ∼50% of the low-rate capacitance was maintained at a very high scan rate of 5Vs−1.
Silicon–lithium alloys are one of the most attractive anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries; however, they have demonstrated high performance, only when they are fabricated into nano-sized materials. Here we show that even bulky alloys exhibit high potential that has never been shown in conventional liquid electrolytes, when they are in solid electrolytes.
For electric vehicles (EV) having a 500km range between charges, there is a need to develop smaller and lower-cost batteries. Lithium-air has the potential to deliver a step change in the specific energy of rechargeable lithium batteries. In order to develop a practical, safe, smaller and lower-cost lithium and sodium-air rechargeable EV battery it is necessary to eliminate the formation of dendritic deposits (on charge), increase the current density up to 100mAcm−2 (or reducing cell DC resistance to less than 10Ωcm2) and change the oxygen-discharge product from peroxide to oxide. We suggest here a novel concept, namely to replace the metallic lithium anode by liquid sodium and to operate the sodium–oxygen cell above the sodium melting point (97.8°C). In this report we studied the deposition–dissolution process of sodium in polymer electrolytes at 105°C and we present, for the first time, preliminary results that demonstrate the feasibility of running a liquid-sodium–oxygen cell with polymer electrolytes at above 100°C.
Tin–manganese oxide film with three-dimensional (3D) reticular structure has been prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the film is amorphous. X-ray-photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that the 3D grid is composed of tin–manganese oxide. As an anode electrode for the lithium ion battery, the tin–manganese oxide film has 1188.3mAhg−1 of initial discharge capacity and very good capacity retention of 656.2mAhg−1 up to the 30th cycle. Such a composite film can be used as an anode for lithium ion batteries with higher energy densities.
In this work, 3D microsphere Zn2V2O7 is obtained by calcined the precursor Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O. The 3D structure of Zn2V2O7 inherits from the precursor which is composed by layered structures with nanoparticles fully covered. The unique structure endows it higher specific surface area and porous structure. Benefitting from the structure stability and the synergistic effect of the mixed metal oxides, the Zn2V2O7 electrode shows high specific capacity of 84.8 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, good rate capability and long cycle life. In addition, the battery-supercapacitors hybrid device is assembled with Zn2V2O7 as positive electrode and AC as negative electrode. The device shows high cycling stability with 89.8% retention after 6000 cycles and maximum energy density of 34.99 Wh kg−1 at 850 W kg−1. The high specific capacity and energy density suggest that 3D Zn2V2O7 microsphere electrode material is suitable for application in the field of alkaline rechargeable battery.
This work analyzed the environmental compatibility of a biomass plant to be constructed to produce both electricity and heat (bioenergy) in a small town in Piedmont (northern Italy). In order to study both the critical local impacts (with specific reference to air quality) and the overall environmental benefit (decrease of GHG generation), we evaluated the emissive flow modifications for the hypothesis of activating the biomass plant in the municipal area, by considering introduced and eliminated pollutant loads. This analysis included a consideration of the non-energy-related emissions (“ground value”) currently operating in the area. After carefully analyzing the major operational characteristics of the proposed plant and the principal characteristics of the surrounding territory and its energy needs, the evaluation was conducted using the tools of mass and energy balances, and an external costs methodology was also applied in order to define the social cost of the plant. In addition, the plant′s potential modification to local air quality was evaluated by considering the meteorological and physical characteristics of the considered area, using a pollutant dispersion model. Several different configurations for the flue gas purification line were also considered, so that the evaluation of the costs and benefits was based on the analysis of both industrial and external costs. The conclusions, while based only on the specific studied case, can be considered to be fairly representative in general as a methodological approach for studying the effects of the implementation of biomass energy plants.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common and distressing side effect. We conducted this clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of true acupuncture vs. sham acupuncture in controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) among patients with advanced cancer.
All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using LiCoO2 active materials coated with Li2SiO3 and SiO2 oxide films and Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes were fabricated and their electrochemical performance was investigated. The electrochemical performace of the all-solid-state cells at a high voltage region was highly improved by using oxide-coated LiCoO2. The oxide coatings are effective in suppressing the formation of an interfacial resistance between LiCoO2 and the solid electrolyte at a high cutoff voltage of 4.6V (vs. Li). As a result, charge–discharge capacities and cycle performance at the cutoff voltage were improved. The cell with Li2SiO3-coated LiCoO2 showed a large initial discharge capacity of 130mAhg−1 and a good capacity retention of 110mAhg−1 after 50th cycles at the cutoff voltage of 4.6V (vs. Li).