batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The market for wearable activity trackers has grown prolifically in recent years, with increasing numbers of consumers using them to track, measure, and ideally improve their health and wellbeing. Empirical evidence tends to support wearables as valid, reliable, and effective health behaviour change tools, however little research has been conducted to understand experiential aspects of the devices, particularly thier effects on users’ psychological wellbeing and affect. This study addresses this literature gap by exploring wearable users’ affective responses to their devices and how these relate to personality traits and individual differences.
This study provides a critical synthesis on the applications of nanofluids in various types of solar thermal systems. Nanofluids have received attention in recent years due to its importance in various industrial applications especially in the renewable energy field. This work presents the most recent advances of nanofluids in thermal energy storage systems, solar collectors, solar stills, and photovoltaic/thermal systems. With the application of nanomaterials, the efficiency of photovoltaic can increase substantially while reducing the production costs of electricity and manufacturing. This review is structured in three parts: the first part focuses on presenting the latest results for the thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat, and the thermal expansion coefficient of nanofluids reported in the literature. The second part of this review is allocated to the applications of nanofluids in different types of solar systems such as solar collectors, solar stills, thermal energy storage systems, and photovoltaic/thermal systems. Finally, the challenges and the bio-engineering safety concerns of using nanofluids in solar energy systems are discussed.
Background Autism is a developmental disorder of unknown etiology. Sensitivity to dietary and environmental antigens has been considered in its pathogenesis. Aim To examine immediate hypersensitivity in early childhood autism. Methods We investigated 30 autistic children (23 boys, seven girls 2–4 years old) for atopic history, serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE levels, and skin prick tests (SPT) with 12 common antigens. Results Nine/30 autistic children (30%) and 1/39 (2.5%) age-matched neurological controls from the same hospital had a family history suggestive of atopy (p<0.005). No patient in the autism and 28% in control group had symptoms of respiratory allergy (wheezing or asthma) (p<0.005), and 6/30 (20%) autistic vs. 7/39 (17%) control children had history suggesting other allergic disorders (p=ns). Eleven/23 (47.8%) autistic children had at least one positive skin test, similar to age-matched population controls. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were within age-appropriate limits. Serum IgE was elevated in four patients (13.3%). Specific IgE levels were negative in four cases with multiple SPT positivity. Conclusions This study suggests allergic features based on history, skin tests, and serum IgE levels are not frequent in young autistic children despite family history. This discrepancy between predisposition and manifestation might imply immunological factors or environmental conditions.
In simulating renewable energy systems (RES), researchers tend to focus on the modeling methodology, but less on the impact of data on the obtained results and associated conclusions. Yet, results may be particularly dependent on the data resolution. RES studies on that impact of data resolution mostly consider households with PV systems, leaving industrial sites and wind power systems out of scope. In this paper, we consider a system comprising a medium-sized wind turbine, a high power battery and an industrial load, connected to a distribution grid. Wind and load power were measured concurrently in real time at 1 s resolution for 2 months in summer 2017, at two locations in Belgium. We performed two simulations, one using the real time data at 1 s resolution and the other using the same power data averaged over 10 min intervals. We compared both simulations to calculate three metrics: total self-sufficiency error, battery utilization error and instantaneous self-sufficiency error. We repeated the analysis using different settings in terms of battery capacity, battery C rate limit and load ratio. We conclude that: (i) total self-sufficiency, in all cases, is overestimated, ranging between 0.06 and 3.6%, with errors decreasing for higher battery capacity, (ii) battery utilization is always underestimated with errors ranging between 7.5 and 44.7%, primarily depending on the C rate limit, and (iii) there is a clear correlation between instantaneous self-sufficiency error and instantaneous ratio of the averaged load and wind power, with errors exceeding 100% when the ratio ranges in 0.5–2.
Thermal behavior was examined using DSC and TG for the samples prepared by dissolving LiClO4 in several polyoxyethylene/polyethylenimine (PEO/PEI) blends (7/3–9.5/0.5 by repeat units) along with their lithium ion conductivity. Concerning the matrix polymers, while the pristine PEO and PEI began to thermally decompose at 185 and 230°C, respectively, the (8/2) PEO/PEI blend had lost only 6.5% of its weight before 300°C was reached. Dissolution of LiClO4 made the systems thermally even more robust: [(8/2) PEO/PEI]10–LiClO4 suffered practically no weight loss below 300°C. So far [(8/2) PEO/PEI]10–LiClO4 has been our best-behaving SPE (σ=2.2×10−4 S cm−1 at 77°C and 2.5×10−6 S cm−1 at 30°C): it is less conductive than a previously reported PEO12–LiClO4 by a factor of 2.2 at 77°C, but its conductivity drop due to the matrix crystallization below 65°C is considerably milder and the conductivity at 30°C was ca. 100 times higher than the plain PEO–LiClO4 systems. A significant effect of the residual methanol on the ionic conductivity of our [(8/2) PEO/PEI]10–LiClO4 samples was recognized, which necessitated our previously reported log σ vs. 1000/T curve to be corrected downward by ca. half an order of magnitude.
The structural, morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the composite cathode materials Li1.2Ni0.17Cо0.10Mn0.53O2 and Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 have been investigated. Solution combustion synthesis has been used as the synthesis method. After heat treatment the average size of particle aggregates in both cathode materials was 5.9–6.5μm. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Li1.2Ni0.17Cо0.10Mn0.53O2 and Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 consist of a mixture of primary substitutional solid solutions based on phases with an α-NaFeO2 and Li2MnO3 or an α-NaFeO2, Li2MnO3 and LiMn2O4 structure. The discharge specific characteristics of these materials are characterized by values of 230–250mAhg−1. By using electrochemical impedance it was determined that the charge transfer resistance in the investigated materials is by an order of magnitude higher than that in the monophase layered materials of an α-NaFeO2 type. The following kinetic parameters were determined: the diffusion coefficient Li+, the energy barrier at Li+ migration through the solid electrolyte interphase, and the activation energy of the intercalation/deintercalation reaction.
Defect chemistry at high temperatures in layered lithium transition-metal oxides of LiCoO2, LiNiO2, and Li(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2 is investigated on the basis of first-principles calculations. The antisite transition-metal ions are the major defects in LiCoO2 and LiNiO2. However, the easy formation of the electron defect in LiNiO2 leads to the preferential valence state of NiLi 0 and thus to the P O 2 − 1 / 2 dependence of the defect concentration on the oxygen partial pressure. On the other hand, the formation of the electron defect as the accompaniment of the antisite cobalt ion in LiCoO2 leads to the preferential valence state of CoLi + and the P O 2 − 1 / 4 dependence. The defect concentration is, therefore, more sensitive to the synthesis conditions for LiNiO2 than that for LiCoO2. Li(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2 with low defect concentrations can be easily synthesized at ambient oxygen partial pressures, although the concentration of the oxygen vacancy increases as oxygen partial presure decreases. The defect chemistry based on the first-principles calculations can provide quantitative information on the characteristics of electrode active materials as well as guides to their optimum synthesis conditions.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are common and disabling problems with abnormal psychological profiles, and they may have common features that could aid in better understanding and management. Since PNES and PMD are investigated and reported separately, comparisons are lacking. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure and psychogenic movement disorder patients completed demographic, clinical, and psychological inventories including the Short Form (SF)-12 Health Status Survey (Physical and Mental Health Summary Scores), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)-18 (somatization, depression, and anxiety subscales), and the Lorig Self-Efficacy Scale. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure and psychogenic movement disorder patients had similar psychological profiles with reduced SF-12 Physical Health and Mental Health Summary Scores and increased BSI somatization, depression, and anxiety ratings. They varied slightly in age and gender, but their main distinguishing features were the presenting signs. These similar profiles suggest that PNES and PMD may not be distinct or separate entities and that collaborative investigative efforts and management are warranted.
Nonhygroscopic selenide of Ge0.35Ga0.05Se0.60 was introduced into the Li2S–P2S5 system by partially substituting P2S5 to form a new lithium ion solid electrolyte. And the electrochemical property of the as-prepared solid electrolyte was systematically studied. The optimal sample achieved a wide electrochemical window over 6.5 V and fairly high Li-ion conductivity of 1.5 × 10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. And it is also verified that the studied electrolyte was much stable when contacts with lithium metal at 100 °C for 4 h. This new finding may provide an electrolyte material for developing all-solid-state lithium batteries.
From the perspective of system control, a smart and green building is a large-scale dynamic system with high complexity and a huge amount of information. Proper combination of the available information and effective control of the overall building system turns out to be a big challenge. In this study, we proposed a building indoor energy and comfort management model based on information fusion using ordered weighted averaging (OWA) aggregation. A multi-agent control system with heuristic intelligent optimization is developed to achieve a high level of comfort with the minimum power consumption. Case studies and simulation results are presented and discussed in this paper.
The objective of this project was to develop sobriety tests that can be administered in the seated position to assist water patrol officers in detecting alcohol-related impairment in boaters. Four seated sobriety tests were administered to 330 boaters to determine the tests’ usefulness in classifying boaters as having blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) below the illegal limit (BAC<.08%) or above the illegal limit (BAC≥.08%). Data were obtained by a team of four marine officers and two civilian observers on Lake of the Ozarks in central Missouri. The overall correct percentages, sensitivity, and specificity of the tests were consistent with what is typically reported in literature on the roadside sobriety tests. The tests’ reliability was also consistent with what is typically reported in literature on the roadside sobriety tests. Thus, the four tests may assist marine officers with assessments of alcohol-related impairment in boaters.
Communication abnormalities are hallmark features of schizophrenia. Despite the prevalence and persistence of these symptoms, little is known about their functional implications. In this study, we examined, in a sample of chronically institutionalized schizophrenia patients (N =317), whether two types of communication abnormalities (i.e., verbal underproductivity and disconnected speech) had differential relationships with social and adaptive outcomes. Baseline ratings of verbal underproductivity, disconnected speech, global cognitive performance, and clinical symptoms, were entered into stepwise regression analyses to examine their relationship with 2.5 year social and adaptive outcomes. At baseline, disconnected speech was significantly associated with socially impolite behavior, while verbal underproductivity was associated with social disengagement and impaired friendships. Both types of communication abnormalities were significantly associated with other types of social skills. Verbal underproductivity predicted follow-up social skills, social engagement, and friendships, accounting for more variance than. cognition or symptoms. In contrast to social outcomes, adaptive outcomes were predicted by baseline neurocognition and clinical symptoms, but not communication abnormalities. These findings provide evidence for specific relationships of communication disorder subtypes with diverse impairments in social functions. In this chronically institutionalized sample, communication disorder was a stronger predictor of social, but not adaptive, outcomes than neurocognition or clinical symptoms.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the impedance characteristics of polyaniline (PANI) films deposited by cyclic voltammetry with different anodic potential limits. The presence of benzoquinone (BQ) as hydrolysis product of PANI was evident for PANI films deposited with anodic potential limits ≥0.80 V. The data from EIS for PANI film with inbuilt BQ reveals an inductive behavior. The existence of inductive behavior for PANI film under different applied bias potentials was brought out through fitting of EIS data with equivalent circuits and deducing the value of an inductor element (L). The inductive behavior was attributed to arise due to the presence of BQ within PANI films and adequately supported by the results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The value of L reaches saturation for the PANI film synthesized with an upper potential limit of 0.90 V and measured at 0.70 V. The EIS and XPS results of the poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) film prepared under similar conditions corroborated with the observation that the presence of BQ within PANI results inductive characteristics to PANI
Electrochemical power devices with a long lifespan, long-term energy retention and great cycle stability are extremely important for periodic energy store/supply, especially for solar energy storage for space equipment and for power electronics in integrated circuits. In this report, we have systematically investigated the effects of the charging current density and temperature over the self-discharge (SDC) process of activated carbon fabric-based (ACF) supercapacitors with 1 M LiPF6/EC–DEC (v/v = 1) and 1 M TEABF4/PC as electrolytes, respectively. The experimental results have shown that a different control mechanism governs the SDC process in each electrolyte system. Significant energy retention (in excess of 70%) was obtained in the ACF–TEABF4 system after 36 h. SDC at room temperature. A dual-mechanism control model is proposed for the first time which describes perfectly the SDC process of the supercapacitor using 1 M TEABF4/PC as the electrolyte over different charge current densities and at different SDC temperatures.
In order to reveal physicochemical anomalies of molten nitrate melts coexisting with inorganic powder, Raman spectra, electrical conductivity and thermal analysis of α-Al2O3 powder/molten alkali nitrates coexisting systems were measured. The variations of intra-molecular vibration modes of nitrate ion permeated among porous solid material were investigated by means of Raman spectroscopic measurement and IF spectra measured in previous study. The nitrate ν 1 mode varied with the specific surface area of the solid phase and the apparent average thickness of the liquid layer. These variations indicate that the nitrate molecular motions are perturbed by the presence of the alumina powder. The Gaussian resolution of the nitrate ν 1 mode showed a small asymmetry, which is attributed to the presence of bound nitrate ion in higher wavenumber range. Two Raman lines observed in the range from 450 to 350cm−1 are assigned to the symmetric stretching ν s(AlO) of aluminum nitrate or aluminum nitrite. Although, most of the nitrate ions retained their free D 3h structure, a lowering of symmetry from D 3h to C 2v was observed for samples containing small amount of nitrate with large surface area. These structural changes are in good agreement with some other properties of nitrate melts coexisting with the solid phase, such as the ionic conductivity and the activation energy, and thermal behaviors. The roles of cationic species involved into systems are also discussed.
A microwave interferometer has been employed to remotely detect the oscillations induced by vehicular traffic on the dome of the Baptistery of S. Giovanni in Firenze (Italy). The measurement has been carried out to assess the structure oscillations reduction after the ordinance issued by the Major of Florence forbidding all kind of vehicular traffic in the square around the Baptistery starting from October 25, 2009. A simplified preliminary finite element model of the structure, using average literature mechanical parameters, has been used to determine the best instrument installation position and the structure area to be surveyed. Subsequently, the dome oscillations have been recorded for two consecutive weeks starting one week before the traffic block. A spectral analysis on the acquired data has been then performed and a more complex FEM model has been built to interpret the physical meaning of the acquired data. The material mechanical parameters have been finely tuned to reproduce the lowest spectral component found which was very close to the main mode oscillation frequency predicted by the simplified model. The obtained values of mechanical parameters are reasonable for the monument materials and slightly different from average. Measurement results indicate that the traffic block caused a reduction of the daytime maximum oscillations power of around 50÷60% and a decrease by approximately 33% has been observed in the peak component particle velocity. The residual measured oscillations are attributable to human activities around the square.
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on highly aligned poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] nanofibers and micropatterned three-dimensional (3D) interdigital electrodes with good flexibility and highly output performance are constructed. The optimal PENG with 3D interdigital electrodes could charge the commercial capacitor of 100 nF to 3.2 V under the pressure of 2 kPa at a frequency of 1.5 Hz, which is nearly 10-fold higher than that of PENG with flat interdigital electrodes. The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to micropatterned 3D interdigital electrodes that could simultaneously optimize output voltages and currents of PENGs. And maximum power density of the optimal PENG could reach as high as 8.75 μW/cm2, which is superior to some PENGs based on PVDF and its copolymers. In addition, the optimal PENG generates a voltage as high as 150 V during fingers pressure/release cycles, the outputs could light up 32 light-emitting diodes after direct-current rectification. The flexible PENG can also be used to harvest the biomechanical energy of human movements, such as fingers tapping, walking, and jumping. The designed 3D interdigital electrodes represent a novel strategy to improve the performance of PENGs based on aligned nanofibers. This kind of PENG shows potential as an energy harvester and effective self-powered nanogenerator to drive wearable devices.
This paper presents simulation study on the effects of the cross-sectional area at the merging region and high pressure compressed airflow rate on the flow energy merger, and their optimum adjustments for the change in the compressed air pressure (P air) in the hybrid pneumatic power system (HPPS). The simulation of energy mixing and merging processes was performed for an innovative energy merger pipe in which the open angle (A) of the air storage tank’s throttle valve and the contraction of the cross-sectional area (CSA) at the merging region of the energy merger pipe can be adjusted for changes in P air. The simulations were carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that the exhaust-gas recycling efficiency and the merger flow energy are significantly dependent on the optimal adjustments of A and CSA for the change in P air. The optimal conditions for higher exhaust-gas recycling efficiency and the best energy merging process can be achieved at A of around 25–100% and a CSA of around 5–40% for a full range of P air. Under these conditions, the exhaust-gas recycling efficiency reached approximately 80–88%. Therefore, a vehicle equipped with an HPPS can achieve a level of efficiency that is approximately 40% higher than that of conventional vehicles.
Noise is associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure and arrhythmia, and should therefore be considered a cardiovascular risk factor.Noise-induced stress increases blood pressure, stress hormone levels, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity, nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and vascular inflammation in mice, all of which are prevented by NOX2 deficiency.Translational field studies in healthy individuals and patients with heart disease established that short-term simulated aircraft and railway noise impairs sleep quality and increases stress hormone levels, blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress.The quality of evidence on the adverse cardiovascular effects of noise exposure has increased for several cardiometabolic risk factors since the WHO evaluation in 2018, especially for obesity and diabetes mellitus.Noise-induced stress increases cerebral oxidative stress and downregulates and uncouples neuronal nitric oxide synthase, providing a potential explanation for the observed retardation in the development of cognitive function (memory and learning) in children exposed to aircraft noise.Mitigation strategies to reduce population exposure to transportation noise are available and need to be implemented.
This work presents an analysis on the suitability of mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste in South America, based on two previous experimental investigations carried out in two different countries. The first experiment was performed for determining the mass and volume reduction of MSW in the province of Concepción (Chile). The implemented bench-scale process consisted of a manual classification and separation stage, followed by an in-vessel biological degradation process. The second experiment consisted of a full-scale experiment performed in the city of Estrela (Brazil), where the existing municipal waste management facility was adapted to enhance the materials sorting and separation. Expressed in wet weight composition, 85.5% of the material input in the first experiment was separated for biological degradation. After 27 days of processing, 60% of the initial mass was reduced through degradation and water evaporation. The final fraction destined for landfilling equals 59% of the total input mass, corresponding to about 50% of the initial volume. In the second experiment, the fraction destined to landfill reaches 46.6% of the total input waste mass, whilst also significantly reducing the total volume to be disposed. These results, and the possible recovery of material streams suitable for recycling or for preparing solid recovered fuels, are the main advantages of the studied process.