batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Increasing evidence suggest that excessive concentrations of reactive oxygen species in the human body are involved in a number of pathological events and that oxidative damage to cell components may play an important pathophysiological role in many types of human diseases. Several studies have shown the possible benefits of antioxidants from plant sources in altering, reversing or forestalling the negative effects of oxidative stress. The study was designed to evaluate whether lignins prevent H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation. The protective effect of industrial lignins obtained from different sources against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidation was investigated in normal human red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs, preincubated with different amounts of lignins and challenged with hydrogen peroxide were analyzed for lipid peroxidation. The high molecular weight can be considered as one of the main factors decreasing the radical scavenging activity. When comparing different lignins the inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation were notably related to their molecular weights. In this sense bagasse with the lowest Mn was the greatest antioxidant and lignosulfonate with the highest Mn was the lowest antioxidant lignin. These results open the possibility of new applications of lignins. The potential health benefits and industrial applications of lignins make them a promising research resource.
The study shows a virtual way to store energy in a grid treating the grid itself and all connected energy consumers as one energy storing system. The described system is supplied with energy being produced in a traditional way and from alternative energy sources. Additionally, it consumes the energy through a large group of dispersed customers. The theory is based on the changes of the time zones, which determines the different consumption of energy at different times and locations. In a micro scale, the system is not complementary and requires input at peak power times as well as additional storage. However, in the following estimation it is not necessary to construct large energy storage systems but eventually a combination of smaller storage units, if needed. This is a common phenomenon, to use an energy system as a kind of buffer, but if we consider it is a system to store energy, new ideas about its development come to mind. In the article several methods of calculation of energy flow are shown. There are two possibilities described. The first one occurs when the customer produces and stores the energy in the grid to use it later in the same location. The second one consists in producing energy in one location and using it in another one. Is such an approximation the grid is not only the place to store energy, but also to transfer to another place.
Presently, the world is considering renewable solar energy as an indispensable/long-term/nature-friendly option for power generation. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) is blessed with considerable amount of solar radiation. Commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10–45% of the total electric energy. In the present paper, the economic analysis of utilization of hybrid PV–diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120kWh) in different provinces/zones of K.S.A. has been studied by analyzing long-term solar radiation data. Five geographically distinct sites representing different provinces of the Kingdom have been selected. The monthly average daily solar radiation of K.S.A. varies from 3.03–7.51kWh/m2. NREL's (HOMER Energy's) HOMER software has been employed to perform the analysis. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4kWpPV system together with 10kW diesel system and a battery storage of 3h of autonomy (equivalent to three hours of average load), the PV penetration is 22%., 21%, 22%, 20%, and 20% at Abha (Southern Province), Hofuf (Eastern Province), Qurayat (Northern Province), Taif (Western Province), and Riyadh (Central Province) respectively. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179$/kWh, 0.179$/kWh, 0.178$/kWh, 0.180$/kWh, and 0.181$/kWh at Abha, Hofuf, Qurayat, Taif, and Riyadh respectively. For a given hybrid system, the PV penetration is higher in Sourthern and Northern Province as compared to other provinces. Also, the study has examined the impact of PV penetration on: carbon emissions (Tons/year), diesel fuel consumption, Net Present Cost, cost of energy, etc. Furthermore, for a given hybrid configuration (for Northern Province), the study exhibits that increase in PV capacity results in decrease in the diesel-fuel-consumption/carbon-emissions and increase in COE./NPC/excess-energy.
Patients with deficit schizophrenia have worse cognition and poorer social functioning compared to the nondeficit ones. Insight is another domain in which these two groups might differ, but data on insight impairment in deficit versus nondeficit schizophrenia are still scarce. We compared 29 patients with deficit schizophrenia to 44 nondeficit patients and found a tendency to poorer insight in the deficit group. However such tendency disappeared when analysis was controlled for cognition, a domain in which both groups differed significantly. This finding reinforces the pressing need for simultaneous assessment of the several dimensions or domains of schizophrenic psychopathology.
In this paper, the thermal effects of solar panels are investigated experimentally and computationally on the efficiency of an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) in laminar and turbulent flows. At first, the impact of temperature on output power and efficiency of an eFlex 30 Wp solar panel is studied. Then, the surface temperature and output voltage of two different types of solar panels, a flexible and a solid panel, are measured under a heat lamp. The heat lamp provides the radiation and raises the temperature of the solar panels. A thermal camera and laser thermometer are used to measure the surface temperature of the solar panels. Considering a tilt-rotor UAV as a case study, an energy balance is modeled for the wing of UAV, which is assumed as a flat plate. Applying the Blasius boundary layer for laminar flow and 1/5 power law for turbulent flow, it is shown that there is skin friction drag changes on the top surface of the solar panel due to its dark blue color. In order to validate the results of the proposed model, a thermal-fluid study is carried out on the NACA 2412 airfoil through COMSOL to see whether changing the surface temperature on the solar panel relates to skin drag reduction. The results indicate that an increase in the surface temperature of the solar panel will decrease the output power and efficiency to a maximum of 8%; while this increase in temperature reduces drag by up to 10% in laminar flow. This research shows that despite the reduction of efficiency and generated power by solar panels with increasing the surface temperature on top of a UAV, the aerodynamic efficiency can be improved with drag reduction in laminar flow.
In this study, a new type of two-dimensional (2D) hybrid heterostructure was demonstrated by electrostatic assembling the anionic sulfonated graphene sheets (SGS) and positively charged gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In this strategy, water-dispersible sulfonated graphene dispersions were synthesized by covalently binding sulfonic acid groups in reduced graphene oxide. Then, the negative charge of SGS was strong enough to drive the formation of the 2D nanomaterials with positively charged GNPs through electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, we utilized the as-prepared GNPs/SGS nanocomposites as the electrochemical enhanced material for H2O2 sensing (as the model analyte). The GNPs/SGS-modified glassy carbon electrode showed improved electrochemical catalytic ability toward electrochemical reaction of H2O2, and thus a rapid response, wide linear range and low detection limit were obtained using the chronoamperometry technique. This work might find promising applications in developing a new type of enzymeless biosensor.
Given the rapid development of charging-while-driving technology, we envision that charging lanes for electric vehicles can be deployed in regional or even urban road networks in the future and thus attempt to optimize their deployment in this paper. We first develop a new user equilibrium model to describe the equilibrium flow distribution across a road network where charging lanes are deployed. Drivers of electric vehicles, when traveling between their origins and destinations, are assumed to select routes and decide battery recharging plans to minimize their trip times while ensuring to complete their trips without running out of charge. The battery recharging plan will dictate which charging lane to use, how long to charge and at what speed to operate an electric vehicle. The speed will affect the amount of energy recharged as well as travel time. With the established user equilibrium conditions, we further formulate the deployment of charging lanes as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints. Both the network equilibrium and design models are solved by effective solution algorithms and demonstrated with numerical examples.
A convenient and low cost approach has been developed for the fabrication of advanced anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by loading Si nanoparticles as an alloying media into carbon nanofibers. The resultant composite nanofiber anodes have special fibrous textures that can absorb the huge volume change of Si during Li insertion and extraction reactions and hinder the cracking or crumbling of the electrode, and hence they have good electrochemical behaviors including large reversible capacity, relatively high capacity retention and good rate capability.
Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and cost throughout the United States. Long term power outages frequently result from natural disasters, which leads to higher reliance on inefficient and cost ineffective gasoline or diesel powered generators to meet energy needs. The development of deployable renewable energy-powered microgrids as mobile power sources would allow energy demands to be met in portable and effective way, while reducing diesel fuel consumption. Characterizing system performance of renewable energy-powered microgrids prior to deployment would allow a future system to be appropriately sized to meet all required electrical loads at a given intermittent diesel generator operational frequency. Appropriate sizing of renewable energy powered microgrids and backup diesel generators would decrease system operation and transportation costs as well as define the appropriate amount of fuel to be kept on hand. This paper focuses on developing figures that represent the quantity of external AC or DC load a microgrid could supply as a function of intermittent diesel generator operational frequency. Typical meteorological year 3 (TMY3) data from 217 Class I locations throughout the United States were inserted into an operational frequency prediction model to characterize the quantity of external AC and DC load the system could supply at intermittent diesel generator operational frequencies of 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%. Ordinary block Kriging analysis was performed to interpolate AC and DC load power between TMY3 Class I locations for each diesel generator operating frequency. Figures representing projected AC and DC external load were then developed for each diesel generator operating frequency.
Subtle social cognitive deficits in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients have received increasing attention over the last few years, supporting their potential endophenotypic role for this disorder. The current study assessed non-psychotic first-degree relatives' performance on a multidimensional measure of emotional intelligence (EI): the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 2.0 (MSCEIT). Endorsed by the National Institute of Mental Health, the MSCEIT is a valid and reliable instrument for detecting emotion-processing deficits among schizophrenia patients and people high in schizotypy. Method: Thirty-seven first-degree relatives, 37 schizophrenia outpatients and 37 healthy controls completed the MSCEIT, which comprises eight subscales aimed to assess the four branches of EI: Identifying, Facilitating, Understanding and Managing Emotions. Potential associations with cognitive function and schizotypy levels, measured with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire–Brief, were further evaluated. Results: Relatives had significantly lower MSCEIT total scores than controls and also significantly lower scores on the Identifying emotions branch. Nevertheless, schizophrenia patients still had the poorest global EI performance. The strongest positive correlations were found in relatives and controls with measures of executive function, processing speed and general intelligence. A higher level of schizotypy correlated significantly with lower MSCEIT scores among controls, but not among relatives. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations in the general population, the current study observed subtle EI impairment in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. These findings support the hypothesis that these EI deficiencies may be potential endophenotypes located between the clinical phenotype and the genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.
As a key early stage in the formation of an entrepreneurial venture, there has been much recent interest in opportunity recognition as a field of academic study. Although early theorists proposed a holistic approach to the study of venture creation, much of the literature has been dominated by studies focussed on one or two components in isolation. Much of this historical research has an exclusive focus on the role of the entrepreneur or on knowledge within the firm. Such an exclusive focus can be misleading as it fails to consider the nature and dynamics of the inter-relationships taking place in high-tech firms. This paper seeks to synthesise the available literature into a more complete and integrative model of opportunity recognition in high-tech start-ups. We propose opportunity recognition to be a complex, interactive process involving three main components, the founding entrepreneur, the knowledge and experience of the firm and technology. A case study is used to demonstrate the nature of the component interactions. It is argued that more widespread use of the qualitative research can reveal new insights into the complex and interactive process of opportunity recognition in the high-tech start-up.
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes present new opportunities for rechargeable magnesium batteries. However, few polymer electrolytes have demonstrated reversible Mg deposition/dissolution and those that have still contain volatile liquids such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). In this work, we report a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), Mg(BH4)2 and MgO nanoparticles for rechargeable Mg batteries. Cells with this electrolyte have a high coulombic efficiency of 98% for Mg plating/stripping and a high cycling stability. Through combined experiment-modeling investigations, a correlation between improved solvation of the salt and solvent chain length, chelation and oxygen denticity is established. Following the same trend, the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte is inferred to enhance the dissociation of the salt Mg(BH4)2 and thus improve the electrochemical performance. The insights and design metrics thus obtained may be used in nanocomposite electrolytes for other multivalent systems.
Confabulation, the pathological production of false memories, occurs following a variety of aetiologies involving the frontal lobes, and is frequently held to be underpinned by combined memory and executive deficits. However, the critical frontal regions and specific cognitive deficits involved are unclear. Studies in amnesic patients have associated confabulation with damage to the orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortices. However, neuroimaging studies have associated memory-control processes which are assumed to underlie confabulation with the right lateral prefrontal cortex. We used a confabulation battery to investigate the occurrence and localisation of confabulation in an unselected series of 38 patients with focal frontal lesions. Twelve patients with posterior lesions and 50 healthy controls were included for comparison. Significantly higher levels of confabulation were found in the frontal group, confirming previous reports. More detailed grouping according to lesion location within the frontal lobe revealed that patients with orbital, medial and left lateral damage confabulated in response to questions probing personal episodic memory (PEM). Patients with orbital, medial and right lateral damage confabulated in response to questions probing orientation to time (OT). Performance-led analysis revealed that all patients who produced a total number of confabulations outside the normal range had a lesion affecting either the orbital region or inferior portion of the anterior cingulate. These data provide striking evidence that the critical deficit for confabulation has its anatomical location in the inferior medial frontal lobe. Performance on tests of memory and executive functioning showed considerable variability. Although a degree of memory impairment does seem necessary, performance on traditional executive tests is less helpful in explaining confabulation.
A cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique was used to study the combined effects of annealing temperature and time on the pseudocapacitance of thermally treated electroprecipitated nickel hydroxide thin films. Through the analysis of the areas of the CVs cycled between 0 and 0.35V (versus Ag/AgCl) it is shown that the optimal treatment condition for maximum film capacitance occurs at 300°C for 3h. On the other hand, using the anodic and cathodic peak currents of the CVs cycled between 0 and 0.5V (versus Ag/AgCl), the maximum film capacitance is also shown to occur at a thermal treatment condition of 300°C and 3.5h (or 320°C and 3.2h for linear approximations). The two methods demonstrate simple ways of extracting useful information on the electrochemical performance properties of thin films.
We report that a heat-treated Li2S–P2S5 glass-ceramic conductor has an extremely high ionic conductivity of 1.7 × 10−2 S cm−1 and the lowest conduction activation energy of 17 kJ mol−1 at room temperature among lithium-ion conductors reported to date. The optimum conditions of the heat treatment reduce the grain boundary resistance, and the influence of voids, to increase the Li+ ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte so that it is greater than the conductivities of liquid electrolytes, when the transport number of lithium ions in the inorganic electrolyte is unity.
This work describes the design optimisation and techno-economic analysis of an off-grid Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) designed to meet the electrical demand of a rural village location in West Bengal – India with an overall electrical requirement equivalent to 22 MWh year−1. The investigation involved the modelling of seven scenarios, each containing a different combination of electricity generation (anaerobic digestion with biogas combined heat and power (CHP) and photovoltaics) and storage elements (Vanadium redox batteries, water electrolyser and hydrogen storage with fuel cell). Micro-grid modelling software HOMER, was combined with additional modelling of anaerobic digestion, to scale each component in each scenario considering the systems' ability to give a good quality electricity supply to a rural community. The integrated system which contained all of the possible elements – except hydrogen production and storage presented the lowest capital ($US 71 k) and energy cost ($US 0.289 kWh−1) compared to the scenarios with a single energy source. The biogas CHP was able to meet the electrical load peaks and variations and produced 61% of the total electricity in the optimised system, while the photovoltaics met the daytime load and allowed the charging of the battery which was subsequently used to meet base load at night.
Despite high power density, fast charging/discharging rate, and long operational lifetime, large-scale application of supercapacitor (SC) is limited by its intrinsically low energy densities (of 5–8 Wh kg−1 (gravimetric) and 5–8 Wh L−1 (volumetric)), which are at least 10-fold lower than battery. Since the invention of graphene in 2004, graphene-based SCs have set the upper performance limit of the symmetric carbon-based SCs due to superior electrical conductivity and very high accessible surface area of graphene. Still, only two companies have commercialised graphene-based supercapacitors thus far. Their maximum achievable energy density (i.e., 11.65 Wh kg−1) is too low to make them competitive against batteries in high-energy applications. To this end, this comprehensive review focuses on the material- and device-level approaches to high energy density graphene-based conventional macroscale SCs (≥11.65 Wh kg−1) and flexible SCs and microsupercapacitors (≈0.3–10 mWh cm−3; ≈300–16000 μWh cm−2). It includes a description on how each approach is implemented and an explanation of how each can provide effective research results. This review also meticulously discusses the underlying challenges and possible solutions to achieve high energy density graphene-based SCs in practice.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are on the verge of breaking through, most presumably flooding the automotive market with lithium-ion batteries as energy storage systems. This paper investigates the availability of world lithium resources and draws conclusions on its actual impact on the EV industry. Apart from lithium deposits geographic distribution, our contributions to the global knowledge range from a short-term forecast of lithium price evolution to a picture of the existing lithium industry and market plus a detailed explanation of the geologic origins of all the inventoried lithium resources.
Developing electrode materials with both high energy and power densities is of crucial importance for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, a novel anode material, graphite nanoplates firmly anchoring with well-dispersed porous Zn3V2O8 nanospheres (Zn3V2O8/GNPs), is rationally fabricated via a simple and scalable liquid reflux and subsequent calcination process. The introduced GNP matrices significantly improved the electrochemical performances of the Zn3V2O8/GNPs by enhancing structural durability of the electrodes and facilitating the electron-transfer and mass-transport kinetics. Thus, the Zn3V2O8/GNPs-50 exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 648mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.8Ag−1 after 100 cycles and 488mAhg−1 at a high current density of 3.2Ag−1 after 400 cycles. Inspiringly, a new full cell (Zn3V2O8/GNPs-50//LNCM-111) was successfully assembled, which manifested superior electrochemical performances. Hence, we believe that this study demonstrates a promising anode material for next generation LIBs, and particularly, provides a strategy for the rational design of GNPs-based metal oxide composite materials.