batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Increasing the capacity of electrode has attracted widespread attention for obtaining high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Here we report the controllable preparation strategy of three-dimensional porous Cu membrane to achieve this goal. Nonsolvent induce phase separation and heat treatment are synergistically used in the preparation of three-dimensional porous Cu membrane, which inherits the well developed three-dimensional channels and appropriate pore size (3–10 μm) from polymer architecture. The novel electrode, composing with three-dimensional porous Cu membrane and ball-milled graphite, exhibits a high initial reversible discharge specific gravimetric capacity of 858.4 mAhg−1 and volumetric capacity of 539.6 mAh cm−3, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite electrode shows a good rate capability (183.5 mAhg−1 at high rate of 2C) as well as a high reversible capacity of 660.2 mAh g−1 (415 mAh cm−3) with capacity retention of 76.9% after 150 cycles at 0.1C. The three-dimensional porous Cu membrane, acting as current collector, can not only load more nano-sized active material (4.4 mg cm−2), but also shorten the electron/ion transport paths, which may pave way to optimize the design of high energy density electrode for energy storage system.
Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a very important role in recent years. Flywheel is one of the oldest storage energy devices and it has several benefits. Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) can be applied from very small micro-satellites to huge power networks. A comprehensive review of FESS for hybrid vehicle, railway, wind power system, hybrid power generation system, power network, marine, space and other applications are presented in this paper. There are three main devices in FESS, including machine, bearing, and Power Electronic Interface (PEI). Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages all of them have been presented. In addition a brief review of new and conventional power electronic converters used in FESS, have been discussed. Finally, practical ways to develop this technology in the future are presented.
In this paper nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulation Fe3O4 yolk−shell magnetic nanocapsules (Fe3O4@C-N nanocapsules) have been successfully constructed though a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing process. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are completely enclosed in nitrogen-doped carbon shells with void space between the nanoparticle and the shell. The yolk−shell structure allows Fe3O4 nanoparticles to expand freely without breaking the outer carbon shell during the lithiation/delithiation processes. The volume expansion of Fe3O4 results in the in-depth nanocrystallization. Fortunately, the new generated small nanoparticles can increase the capability with the cycle increase due to the unique confinement effect and excellent electronic conductivity of the nitrogen-doped carbon shells. Hence, after 150 cycles, the discharge capacity of Fe3O4@C-N-700 nanocapsules still remained 832 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1, which corresponds to 116.7% of the lowest capacity (713 mA h g−1) at the 16th cycle. We believe that the yolk−shell structure is conducive to enhance the capacity of easy pulverization metal oxidation during the charge/discharge processes.
Ocular neovascular diseases are a leading cause of blindness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade improves vision, but not all individuals respond to anti-VEGF treatment, making additional means to prevent neovascularization necessary. Slit-family proteins (Slits) are ligands of Roundabout (Robo) receptors that repel developing axons in the nervous system. Robo1 expression is altered in ocular neovascular diseases, and previous in vitro studies have reported both pro- and anti-angiogenic effects of Slits. However, genetic evidence supporting a role for Slits in ocular neovascularization is lacking. Here we generated conditional knockout mice deficient in various Slit and Robo proteins and found that Slit2 potently and selectively promoted angiogenesis via Robo1 and Robo2 in mouse postnatal retina and in a model of ocular neovascular disease. Mechanistically, Slit2 acting through Robo1 and Robo2 promoted the migration of endothelial cells. These receptors are required for both Slit2- and VEGF-induced Rac1 activation and lamellipodia formation. Thus, Slit2 blockade could potentially be used therapeutically to inhibit angiogenesis in individuals with ocular neovascular disease.
A commercial carbon cloth (CC) sheet is decorated with polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers using in situ polymerization to achieve excellent electrochemical properties for applications as supercapacitor electrodes, which are characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The CC serves as an excellent 3D conductive skeleton supporting a highly electrolytic accessible surface area for redox-active PANI and provides a direct path for electrons. The porous and ordered nanostructure of the electrode provides a larger contact surface area for protons getting in and out of active materials and shortens the path length for electrolyte ion transport. Different reacting temperature can result in different structure of polyaniline. With the same weight loading PANI, fibrous PANI deposited on CC sheets from ice water bath exhibited higher specific capacitance (439Fg−1 at 1Ag−1) and energy density (60.83Whkg−1 at a power density of 500Wkg−1) than pure PANI fibers and those deposited on CC sheets under room temperature. The fibrous PANI deposited on CC sheets from ice water bath also exhibits significant rate capability and good long-term cycling stability.
In this paper, we revisit the structural and electrochemical properties of lithium molybdenate, LiMoO2, synthesized by a carbothermal method using citric acid as a chelating agent. Free-impurity microcrystalline powders were grown by a two-step synthesis with a final thermal treatment at 800°C for 72h in air. LiMoO2 was characterized by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman scattering (RS) spectroscopy and by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Analyzing the data from the above experiments, we determine that LiMoO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system (C2/m S.G.) instead of the rhombohedral structure ( R 3 ¯ m S.G.) such as reported previously. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized products was evaluated in Li cells using non-aqueous solution 1molL−1 LiPF6 in EC–DMC as electrolyte. The charge–discharge profiles of the monoclinic-phase LiMoO2 display two plateaus and show the suitability of this electrode for electrochemical applications delivering a specific capacity 185mAhg−1 in the potential range 3.7–2.0V vs. Li0/Li+. The chemical diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions into the LiMoO2 framework has been studied as a function of Li concentration; results show values in the range 10−11–10−12 cm2 s−1.
One-dimensional (1D) yarn electrodes in flexible wearable storage devices such as yarn supercapacitors and batteries hold the future for powering smart textile electronics. However, to this date, obtaining electroactive yarns with all-textile properties, such as flexibility, mechanical strength, manufacturability, and excellent electrochemical properties with ease remains a challenge. This report seeks to solve the named problems, in which, it discusses the nanofibers coated yarn concept which involves facile self-winding of electroactive nanofibers of MXene onto textile polyester (PET) substrate yarn via templated electrospinning. The resultant yarn self-possesses excellent required properties of flexibility, strength and high-power density owing to the highly electroactive MXene nanofibers and PET employed. Such modified yarns can perfectly fit in wearable storage applications for the anticipated drive of the next generation devices.
Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), regarded as promising supplements for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially in the large-scale energy storage field, are attracting more and more attention. However, the limited suitable cathode materials hinder the wide commercialization of SIBs. Given this aspect, in this work, a new layered oxide with 4d metal Tin was synthesized and investigated as cathode material for SIBs. Two optimized sodium-deficient O3-Na0.9Ni0.45Sn0.55O2 and O3-Na0.9Ni0.4Mn0.1Sn0.5O2 were selected for comprehensive investigation, both of which exhibited high operating voltage of around 3.45 V with smooth charge/discharge curves. In comparison, O3-Na0.9Ni0.4Mn0.1Sn0.5O2 shows a higher reversible capacity (65 mA h/g, 0.1 C), better rate capability and cycling stability than that of O3-Na0.9Ni0.45Sn0.55O2 (50 mA h/g, 0.1 C), indicating that a small amount of Mn-substitution can improve the electrochemical performance. This work presents a new possibility of discovering potential cathode candidates by exploring the Tin-based layered oxides.
Severe vitamin D deficiency can impair muscle strength. The study aims were to examine physical performance in the hands and upper legs, and analyze plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in women with presumably low (veiled, Somali-born) and high levels (unveiled, Swedish-born).
A modified solution route synthesis of Ni0.5TiOPO4 using less reactive titanium precursor is presented. The Ni0.5TiOPO4 synthesized using this modified route was structurally investigated using the neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. Rietveld refinement of the high quality neutron diffraction data facilitated precise determination of oxygen position in the structure, which gave a clearer picture of the structure. As synthesized Ni0.5TiOPO4 was ball milled to reduce the particle size and then the morphological and electrochemical behaviors of these samples were examined. It was found that ball milling results in reduction of the particle size down from 100μm to 2.5μm, while increasing the BET specific surface area from under 1m2/g to 2.6m2/g, also resulting in a complete change in the morphology of the sample. Most prominent impact of the reduction in particle size is seen in the electrochemical cycling of Ni0.5TiOPO4. On ball milling, the lithiation plateau usually occurring around 1.2V vs. Li/Li+, splits into two reaction plateaus, one high potential lithiation plateau at 1.8V and another one still around 1.2V vs. Li/Li+. This study details the modified synthesis route; complete structural study of the Ni0.5TiOPO4 synthesized using this route and effect of ball milling on the electrochemistry.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a fast, inexpensive and non-destructive tool for identification of electrical and electrochemical loss processes of battery cells in a wide range of frequencies. Among those, particularly interface processes like the migration of Li species through surface films and the charge transfer reaction are easy accessible by EIS. One of the main drawbacks of its application to commercial cells is the limitation to the full cell spectrum due to the absence of an appropriate reference potential to separate cathodic and anodic contributions. Further, the impedance response of cell geometries such as cylindrical cells is characterized by a complex superposition of contributions arising from electrochemistry and cell design. In this study, we address these issues by a planar transmission line model allowing to reconstruct the impedance response of cylindrical cells by impedance data obtained from three electrode measurements on extracted electrodes and geometrical information obtained from microscopical cross sections. The reconstruction results indicate a substantial contribution from the spiral geometry of the current collectors and the position of the current collector tabs along the jelly roll. Furthermore, the impedance response is significantly determined by the power/energy design of the cell, for instance by the ratio of electrode areas and thicknesses. Overall, the proposed methodology presents a sound modeling basis for a deeper understanding of the impedance response of cylindrical cells and a tool for cell design optimization from electrode to cell level.
In this work the anodic electrodeposition of manganese dioxide from a solution of 0.01M MnSO4 in 0.1M H2SO4 onto a platinum substrate has been examined in order to determine the mechanism of deposition. Electrochemical data indicates that the dilute acid solution favours the formation of MnO2 via a MnOOH intermediate (hydrolysis). The electrodeposited material was examined further using AFM and TEM which showed that the oxidation of Mn2+ occurs in a number of steps. When a potential is applied, Mn2+ is electrochemically oxidised to soluble Mn3+. When the concentration of Mn3+ at the electrode reaches saturation, it chemically precipitates onto the electrode as MnOOH, causing an increase in the electroactive surface area. This stage of the deposition is characterised by the nucleation of MnOOH crystallites on the platinum surface. As the deposition proceeds, MnOOH undergoes solid state oxidation to MnO2. This later stage of the deposition favours the growth of existing MnO2 crystallites, leading to a decrease in the surface area of the electrodeposited material.
This paper deals with an adaptive frequency-based power sharing method between batteries and ultracapacitors (UC) as power sources within an electric vehicle. An adaptive frequency splitter is used for routing the low-frequency content of power demand into the battery and its high-frequency content into the UC system, taking profit from the UC as a peak power unit. Autonomy may thus be increased while preserving battery state of health and ensuring that UC voltage variations remain confined within certain desired range. Results obtained by real-time experiments on a dedicated test rig validate the proposed energy management approach and recommend it to be applied as power source coordination method to microgrids in general.
On the surface of Mars, there are currently two operational rovers that utilize robust Li-ion batteries that have contributed to their demonstrated long life, which exceeded the original mission objective. In early 2004, NASA-JPL successfully landed two Rovers on Mars (i.e., Spirit and Opportunity), one of which is still operational and has completed over 4900 sols of operation (or over 13 years of operation). In August 2012, NASA-JPL's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover landed on Mars, and has currently completed over 1500 Sols of operation and has driven > 14.5 km. The Li-ion battery chemistry developed for these missions, and established as the “heritage”, consists of meso-carbon microbeads (MCMB) anodes, LiNixCo1-xO2 (NCO) cathodes, and a low temperature ternary carbonate-based electrolyte developed at JPL. For future missions requiring high specific energy and the ability to operate over a wider temperature range, such as the Mars InSight mission, the next generation chemistry, consisting of graphite anodes, LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA) cathodes and a new low temperature electrolyte, is more attractive and has been demonstrated to provide improved performance, especially at very low temperatures. In order to demonstrate the capability of these technologies to meet mission requirements, as well as generate necessary data to aid in mission planning, a number of performance verification tests were performed on large capacity “proto-flight” prismatic EaglePicher-Yardney Division Li-ion cells, including Mars mission surface operation simulation testing. As described, these cells have been demonstrated to have excellent life characteristics and the ability to operate over a wide temperature range, with both charging and discharging at very low temperatures.
Wind energy scavenging and storage usually can be achieved by utilizing two different separated units, such as a triboelectic nanogenerator and a Li-ion battery with need of being periodically charged. Here, we report a new strategy of implanting a flexible solid Li-ion battery (SLB) into a triboelectic nanogenerator (TENG) for simultaneously scavenging and storing wind energy into chemical energy to achieve a self-charging system. The fabricated TENG can deliver an output voltage of about 135V and an output current of about 12μA, which can be utilized to effectively charge the SLB in the triboelectric vibration film of TENG. The SLB can be easily charged from 1.5V to 3.5V in about 55s by using a transformer and a rectifier to connect the TENG. This research provides a new route of energy scavenging and storage devices for self-charging systems.
Mesoporous zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) microspheres have been successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal method followed by an annealing process. The as-prepared ZnCo2O4 displays uniform sphere-like morphology composed of interconnected ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of mesoporous ZnCo2O4 microspheres is about 51.4 m2 g−1 with dominant pore diameter of 7.5 nm. The novel ZnCo2O4 material exhibits high specific capacitance of 953.2 F g−1 and 768.5 F g−1 at discharge current densities of 4 A g−1 and 30 A g−1, respectively. The energy density can be estimated to be 26.68 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 8 kW kg−1. The specific capacitance retention is 97.8% after 3000 cycles, suggesting its excellent cycling stability. The superior electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the uniformity of the surface structure and the porosity of the microspheres, which benefit electrons and ions transportation, provide large electrode-electrolyte contact area, and meanwhile reduce volume change during the charge–discharge process. This method of constructing porous microspheres is very effective, yet simple, and it could be applied in other high-performance metal oxide electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors, as well as in Li-ion batteries.
School policies and practices have historically lent themselves to disproportionate suspension and expulsion rates based on students’ race, gender, and disability. The disparity between racial minorities, particularly Black males, and their White peers has generated concern from various stakeholders. Using Kingdon’s (Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Addison-Westley Educational Publishers, New York, 2003) window of opportunity framework, the purpose of this conceptual article is to spotlight the potential convergence of efforts hence creating an opportunity for school discipline reform to gain momentum. Kingdon’s three critical streams for problem solving, i.e., the problem, political, and policy, are each examined in the context of the pervasive school discipline disproportionality.
Multipurpose α-MnO2 nanorods were synthesized by facile hydrothermal method. The synthesized α-MnO2 nanorods were characterized by PXRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDX, TEM and SAED pattern to confirm their purity and morphology. These α-MnO2 nanorods were employed as a low cost counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and sensor for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds. DSSC device using α-MnO2 nanorods as counter electrode exhibited excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.1% with 0.75V (Voc) and 0.38 (FF). Furthermore, active surface area of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by α-MnO2 nanorods (GCE/α-MnO2 ) which showed a rapid sensitivity towards p-nitrotoluene (p-NT), 2, 4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with distinct cathodic peaks. The GCE/α-MnO2 exhibited the limit of detection (LOD) of 144nM, 133nM, 100nM and a high sensitivity of 17.6μAμM−1cm−2, 22.6μAμM−1cm−2, 54.82μAμM−1 cm−2 for p-NT, DNT and TNP, respectively.
Operational control strategies for the heating system and “smart” utilization of energy storage were developed and analyzed in a simulation based case study of a single-family house with exhaust air heat pump and photovoltaic system. Rule based control algorithms that can easily be implemented into modern heat pump controllers were developed with the aim to minimize final energy and maximize self-consumption by the use of the thermal storage of the building, the hot water tank and electrical storage. Short-term weather and electricity price forecasts are used in some of the algorithms. Heat supply from an exhaust air heat pump is limited by the ventilation flow rate fixed by building codes, and compact systems employ an electric heater as backup for both space heating and hot water. This heater plays an important role in the energy balance of the system. A typical system designed for new detached houses in Sweden was chosen for the study. This system, together with an independent photovoltaic system, was used as a base case and all results are compared to those for this base case system. TRNSYS 17 was used to model the building and system as well as the control algorithms, and special care was taken to model the use of the backup electric heater as this impacts significantly on final energy use. Results show that the developed algorithms can reduce final energy by 5–31% and the annual net cost for the end user by 3–26%, with the larger values being for systems with a battery storage. Moreover, the annual use of the backup electric heater can be decreased by 13–30% using the carefully designed algorithms.
Many people with Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) report problems with vision, some of which may be due to impaired eye movements. Better understanding of such impaired eye movements could improve diagnostics and treatment strategies.
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), consisting of inorganic fillers dispersed in a polymer matrix, are regarded as one of the most promising futuristic membranes. This work reports the utilization of molecular interactions to finely control the conformation and topology of polymer chains to fabricate high-performance polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) MMMs. The influence of the incorporation of POSS on the polymer structure was systematically studied by molecular dynamics simulations combined with DSC, XRD and IR measurements. The surface and interfacial morphologies of the MMMs were observed through SEM, TEM and AFM characterizations. In particular, positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to analyze the evolution of free volumes in the MMMs. Results indicated that facilely incorporating POSS into PDMS by molecular interactions could manipulate favorable interfacial morphology and tunable free volumes in MMMs. In the PDMS MMMs, the small free volumes were reduced and the large free volumes increased; these changes were beneficial for the preferential permeation of large-sized molecules through the polymeric membrane. As applied to the bio-butanol recovery from aqueous solutions, the prepared POSS/PDMS MMMs exhibited a simultaneous increase in permeability and selectivity, breaking the permeability-selectivity trade-off limitation, moreover transcending the upper bound of the state-of-the-art organophilic pervaporation membranes. Therefore, our work demonstrates that the proposed approach based on rationally creating molecular interactions can be expected to have broad applicability in fabricating high-quality MMMs for molecular separations.
Synthesized by a facile scalable method, a highly stable Pd nanoparticles anchored on a poly 3,4-ethoxylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) modified MnO2