batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of hot-pressed ion conducting nano-composite polymer electrolytes or polymer–matrix composites (NCPEs/PMCs):(1− x)[80PEO:20KI]: x SiO2 where 0< x <14wt.%, are reported. NCPEs were cast using a recently developed hot-press method in place of traditional solution-cast/sol–gel technique. Two and half orders of conductivity enhancement were found in NCPEs after the dispersion of nano-sized SiO2 inert material in the polymeric host, from the room temperature conductivity measurement. The polymer–salt/nano-filler SiO2 complexation, surface analysis and thermal properties characterization were done with the help of XRD, SEM, DSC and TGA studies. The ionic conductivity (σ) enhancements were explained using various experimental results viz. ionic mobility (μ), mobile ion concentration (n) values and various theoretical models. The ionic transference number (t ion) of optimum conducting composition of NCPE was also determined with the help of Transient Ionic Current (TIC) technique. To compute the activation energy (E a) in NCPEs, the temperature dependent conductivity studies were done and E a values were determined by using log σ–1/T Arrhenius plots. A solid state polymer battery was fabricated using the NCPE OCC as an electrolyte and cell-potential discharge characteristic studies were also reported with different load conditions at room temperature.
Polybenzimidazole-based membranes are nowadays considered the best alternative to Nafion® for the fabrication of high-temperature polymer fuel cells. The rich chemistry of benzimidazole allows us to widely change the physicochemical properties of the resulting polymers and, consequently, to tune the functional properties of the electrolyte membrane. In this perspective we report the most recent developments in PBI-based membranes, cells and stacks. Emphasis is given to problems such as acid leaching, membrane degradation and stack durability.
Graphite, the usual anode material for current technology of lithium ion batteries (LIB), has great advantages and its processing is widely known and industrially feasible. For improving the anode’s capacity, recent research has focused in using nano-carbons as an overcoming strategy rather than including cheap, conversion-type oxide metals. Here, we present the application of in-situ synthesized hybrid LIB active anode materials composed of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and graphite of different sizes. The results show that the graphite’s flake size plays an important role in the Fe3O4 NPs deposition and loading, and therefore in the morphology of the resulting laminate film. The electrochemical performance (evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles and impedance spectroscopy) is determined not only by the edge density of graphite flakes and Fe3O4 loading but also by the porosity of the anode films. The hybrid material electrode with smallest graphite particle size shows the highest reversible capacity of 845mAhg−1, good rate capability and great cycling performance. This remarkable improvement in graphite’s capacity is reached by only adding 16wt% of magnetite to the carbon material.
Bamboo charcoal (BC) has a natural hierarchical porous three-dimensional network structure and good electrical conductivity. Herein, MoS2 nanoflakes supported by modified bamboo charcoal (MBC) have been prepared via a facile hydrothermal method using ammonium molybdate. SEM observations show that appropriate MoS2 nanoflakes are uniformly dispersed on the porous MBC. In addition, the hybrids exhibit good lithium storage property as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The optimal MoS2/MBC (MS-2) composite delivers a high initial capacity of 1867mAhg−1 at the current density of 200mAg−1, along with a stable reversible capacity of 672mAhg−1 during 200cycles and the impressive high-rate capacity of 581mAhg−1 even at a higher current density of 1600mAg−1. The superior electrochemical performances of MoS2/MBC composites can be attributed to the synergistic effects between MoS2 nanosheets and the hierarchical porous structure of MBC, which buffers the volume change of materials, enhances the conductivity of composites and transmission of electrolyte.
The increasing deployment of ubiquitous electronic systems such as distributed sensor networks and RFID tags has resulted in a need for high energy microbatteries. Printed batteries are particularly interesting because of the potential for low material loss, low processing cost, and ease of integration into low-profile flexible electronic systems. We have developed a two-step printing technique to deposit an alkaline electrolyte for a printed silver–zinc battery. The fabricated batteries are characterized with galvanostatic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a three electrode setup with a zinc reference electrode. High silver utilization of 94±3% and an areal energy density of 4.1±0.3mWhcm−2 are achieved with a 57:29:14 H2O:KOH:PEO (M v =600,000) electrolyte at a C/2 discharge rate 1.8mAcm−2.
An energy system based entirely on renewable energy (RE) is possible for Finland in 2050 based on the assumptions in this study. High shares of solar PV (photovoltaics) were deemed to be feasible at extreme northern latitudes when supported by flexibility harnessed from other aspects of the energy system, suggesting that high variations in solar irradiation throughout the year may not be a barrier to the implementation of solar PV closer to the poles. A 100% RE system corresponds to a highly competitive cost solution for Finland, as total system costs decrease through interaction between the power, heating/cooling and mobility sectors. We incorporate these sectors on an hourly resolution using historical data and the EnergyPLAN modelling tool. In addition, we offer full transparency of all assumptions regarding the Finnish energy system. In 2050, a 100% renewable energy scenario has the lowest overall annual cost, at 24.1b€/a. This is followed by several scenarios that feature increasing levels of nuclear power, which range in annual costs to 26.4b€/a. Scenarios were also modelled with varying levels of forest-based biomass. Results suggest that annual costs do not increase dramatically with reduced levels of forest-based biomass fuel use. At the same time, it must be kept in mind that assigning costs to the future is inherently uncertain. How future societies assign risk to technologies or place value on emissions can make the scenarios under investigation more or less attractive. The 100% RE scenarios under investigation were seen as less exposed to such uncertainty.
High-power lead–acid batteries have been used for a rather long time in various applications, especially for uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) and starting of automobiles. Future automotive service requires, in addition to cold-cranking performance, the combination of high-power capability, a very good charge-acceptance, and an excellent cycle-life. Such applications include stop–start, regenerative braking, and soft, mild and full hybrid vehicles. For UPS, there has been a clear tendency to shorter discharge times and higher discharge rates. During the past decades, the specific power of lead–acid batteries has been raised steadily and there is still, room for further improvement. This paper gives an overview of the progress made in the development of high-power lead–acid batteries and focuses on stationary and automotive applications.
Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide electrocatalysts, synthesized through a one-step electrodeposition method, were evaluated for the oxidation of urea in alkaline conditions with the intention of reducing the oxidation overpotential for this reaction. The Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and polarization techniques. A significant reduction in the overpotential (150mV) of the reaction was observed with the Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide electrode (ca. 43% Co content) when compared to a nickel hydroxide electrode. The decrease of the urea oxidation potential on the Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide electrodes reveals great potential for future applications of urea electro-oxidation, including wastewater remediation, hydrogen production, sensors, and fuel cells.
Developing advanced lithium-ion batteries that afford both high energy density and high power density has been one of the crucial research targets in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Realization of fast Li+ storage would require a smart electrode design that enables simultaneous enhancements in ion and electron transports as well as a fast and facile bulk-form solid-state reaction. Here we report a high-performance 3D bilayered composite electrode constructed by bicontinuous nanoporous graphene and thin molybdenum oxide stacking films. The novel electrode offers fast kinetics of Li+ diffusion and reactions and, consequently, delivers a large specific capacity of 710mAhg-1, the excellent rate performance of charging within seconds and an ultra-long lifetime over 13,000 discharge-charge cycles. High and stable volumetric capacities up to 900mAhcm-3 have also been achieved with the squeezed composite electrodes. This study shines light into the realization of a high-performance graphene-based porous electrode for advanced lithium-ion batteries and will inspire the development of new 3D hybrid materials for high-rate and large-capacity electrochemical energy storage.
This paper aimed to employ subject matter experts (SMEs) to assess the extent to which the Korean version of the short-form of the OHIP (OHIP-14 K) is culturally valid and equivalent in Korean.
Bismuth chalcogenides Bi2×3 (X=O, S, Se) represent a unique type of materials in diverse polymorphs and configurations. Multiple intrinsic features of Bi2×3 such as narrow bandgap, ion conductivity, and environmental friendliness, have render them attractive materials for a wide array of energy applications. In particular, their rich structural voids and the alloying capability of Bi enable the chalcogenides to be alternative electrodes for energy storage such as hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na) storage and supercapacitors. However, the low conductivity and poor electrochemical cycling are two key challenges for the practical utilization of Bi2×3 electrodes. Great efforts have been devoted to mitigate these challenges and remarkable progresses have been achieved, mainly taking profit of nanotechnology and material compositing engineering. In this short review, we summarize state-of-the-art research advances in the rational design of diverse Bi2×3 electrodes and their electrochemical energy storage performance for H, Li, and Na and supercapacitors. We also highlight the key technical issues at present and provide insights for the future development of bismuth based materials in electrochemical energy storage devices.
In the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, the petroleum industry handles two geochemically distinctive brines that are traceable in the environment: formation brines extracted along with hydrocarbons from the basin, and salt-dissolution brines, produced by dissolving deep halite formations to create caverns for petroleum product storage. The concentrations of the conservative ions chloride (Cl) and bromide (Br) in many formation brines plot closely to the seawater evaporation trajectory of previous studies. These brines contain Cl/Br mass ratios of around 300, while salt-dissolution brines are relatively Br depleted, having Cl/Br mass ratios in excess of 20,000. An oilfield site in central Alberta had experienced nearby releases of both salt-dissolution and formation brines. Geochemical mixing trends were defined by theoretically mixing samples of local salt-dissolution and formation brine sources with background shallow groundwater. Most site monitoring wells and local surface water samples plotted directly on a salt-dissolution brine dilution trend, while results from four monitoring wells, all located directly downgradient of formation brine spills, suggested the mixing of formation brines into shallow groundwater. This work indicates that there is a large-scale salt-dissolution brine plume beneath the site and reinforces the use of Cl and Br concentrations and mass ratios as environmental tracers.
We report the structural analysis on copper nitroprusside (CuNP) used as cathode material in a Li-ion battery during the first lithiation process. The investigation involved a multi-technique approach, where multiple edge Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) refinement has been coupled with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The reduction occurring at the Cu site involves structural distortion, which is believed to be the main reason for the capacity fading in the first cycles.
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of radiofrequency treatment (RFT) of the soft palate and combined radiofrequency-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (RF-UPP) in the treatment of snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
We here study the discharge capability of commercial 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion cells at low temperatures. The discharge capacity at −20°C ranges from 67 to 88% of the rated capacity at 0.2C rate, which is good. However, the cell discharge capacity varies substantially at −30 and −40°C among the studied cells. It ranges from 2 to 70% of the rated capacity at −30°C, and 0 to 30% at −40°C at 0.2C rate. The cell impedance at 1kHz increases very little from room temperature down to −20 or −30°C in general, which does not correlate with the cell discharge capability. However, the dc impedance is increased by a factor of about ten at −30°C and about twenty at −40°C from room temperature. The discharge capability at low temperature correlates well with the dc resistance at both room and low temperatures. The limiting factors in the discharge capability at low temperatures and the direction for the future improvement are discussed according to the cell discharge capability, the electrode geometric area, the cell impedance at 1kHz, and the dc impedance at various temperatures. It appears that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and lithium solid diffusion in the electrode do not limit the cell discharge capability, while the lithium diffusion in the SEI layer on the positive surface may be the limiting factor. Cell discharge capability at low temperature does not correlate with cycle life at room temperature.
The paper deals with the outcomes of a broader exploratory research, aiming at considering the relation between cognitive styles and discourse method from the angle of empowering emancipatory potential of students. The method of systematic non- experimental observation was used in the research. The research focused on the following problem: how important are cognitive and learning styles for the acceptance of discourse method. Thus, a thesis has been tested on the influence of cognitive and learning style on the acceptance of the method of discourse in higher education teaching, the efficacy of its motivational and cognitive aspect, as well as the reaches and limitations of the attempts made in higher education teaching to encourage self- reflexive, self-managed learning of students. The sample is occasional – 564 Belgrade university students. The criterion variables were the opinions of the subjects on the adequacy of discourse method and their cognitive reactions, and predictive variables were the method of discourse and success. The main findings are: motivation and success of students are statistically significant for the acceptance of the method of discourse (participation); abstract cognitive style significantly correlates with the acceptance and the efficacy of discourse method; characteristics of learning styles falling within meta-components permeate positive opinions on the method of discourse. A conclusion could be drawn that the correlation between students’ participation in the method of discourse and their satisfaction with the method is significantly influenced by the characteristics of their cognitive and learning style (flexibility, readiness for risk-taking…).
Transition metal oxides (MO) have been widely investigated as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, but suffer from the problems of irreversible capacity loss and poor cycling stability resulting from intrinsic poor conductivity, large volume expansion/contraction during the discharge/charge processes. Despite two main types of effective efforts, i.e., preparing pre-designed nano/microstructures and hybridization with either active or conductive nanomaterials, these approaches have hitherto had difficulties in seeking deliberate nano/microstructural designs and guaranteeing homogeneous interface/chemical distributions of active MO material within the non-active matrix at the nanoscale. Herein, we report a preparation of carbon-supported Ni core @ NiO shell/Al2O3 (C-Ni@NiO/Al2O3) integrated nanocomposite derived from NiAl-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) single-resource precursor. The combined features of the C-Ni@NiO/Al2O3 nanocomposite involve the uniform dispersion of nanosized Ni@NiO, the conductive carbon support and Ni core, as well as the buffer role of the newly generated non-active Al2O3. Electrochemical evaluation shows that the C-Ni@NiO/Al2O3 nanocomposite maintains much enhanced electrochemical performances and good cycling stability in comparison with the pristine NiO. Results of TEM visualizations and electrochemical impedance spectra provide experimentally convincing rationales of the information of Al2O3 buffer and improved the conductivity underlying the enhanced performances. The route could extend to design and prepare various nanostructured metal oxides with uniform-dispersion components based on the versatility in varying the metal cations of LDH precursors.
Sulfur-doped carbon spheres have been synthesized via an in-situ doping approach and solvothermal method using sucrose as carbon source and benzyl disulfide as sulfur source. The as-prepared S-doped carbon spheres have microporous structure with a high specific surface area of > 503.0m2 g−1. The electrocatalytic activity of S-doped carbon spheres for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media has been studied through a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique. Compared with non-doped carbon spheres, all S-doped carbon spheres show enhanced ORR activity. The effect of S-doping content on the catalytic activity has been studied, the sample containing 4.0 at. % of S exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and superior stability for the ORR. This highlights the critical role of optimized S content on the ORR activity enhancement. The improved electrocatalytic activity and stability of S-doped carbon sphere are primarily ascribed to appropriate S-doping into the carbon lattice in combination with the high specific surface area of carbon spheres.
Objective To compare the effects of resistance and cardiovascular exercise on functional mobility in individuals with advanced cancer. Design Prospective, 2-group pretest-posttest pilot study with randomization to either resistance or cardiovascular exercise mode. Setting Comprehensive community cancer center and a hospital-based fitness facility. Participants Volunteer sample of individuals (N=66; 30 men; 36 women; mean age, 62y) with advanced cancer recruited through the cancer center, palliative care service, rehabilitation department, and a local hospice. Interventions Ten weeks of individualized resistance or cardiovascular exercise, prescribed and monitored by oncology-trained exercise personnel. Main Outcome Measures Functional mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); self-reported pain and fatigue were assessed secondarily using visual analog scales. Data were analyzed using a split plot 2×2 analysis of variance (α=.05). Results Fifty-two patients (78.8%) completed the study: 23 (67.7%) of 34 patients in the resistance arm and 29 (90.6%) of 32 patients in the cardiovascular arm. No participant withdrew because of study adverse events. Ten-week outcomes (n=52) included a significant increase in SPPB total score (P<.001), increase in gait speed (P=.001), and reduction in fatigue (P=.05). Although cardiovascular exercise participants had a modestly greater improvement in SPPB total score than resistance training participants (F1,49=4.21, P=.045), the difference was not confirmed in a subsequent intention-to-treat analysis (N=66). Conclusions Individuals with advanced cancer appear to benefit from exercise for improving functional mobility. Neither resistance nor cardiovascular exercise appeared to have a strong differential effect on outcome.
Sustainable, safe, and low-cost energy storage systems are essential for large-scale electrical energy storage. Herein, we report a sodium (Na)-ion hybrid electrolyte battery with a replaceable cathode system, which is separated from the Na metal anode by a Na superionic conducting ceramic. By using a fast Na-ion-intercalating nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) cathode along with an eco-friendly seawater catholyte, we demonstrate good cycling performance with an average discharge voltage of 3.4 V and capacity retention >80% over 100 cycles and >60% over 200 cycle. Remarkably, such high capacity retention is observed for both the initial as well as replaced cathodes. Moreover, a Na-metal-free hybrid electrolyte battery containing hard carbon as the anode exhibits an energy density of ∼146 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 10 mA g−1, which is comparable to that of lead-acid batteries and much higher than that of conventional aqueous Na-ion batteries. These results pave the way for further advances in sustainable energy storage technology.
Attentional biases are a relatively robust phenomenon among clinical populations but less pronounced in healthy participants. However, regarding the components of attentional biases and the directions of attention allocation, there are several inconsistencies in the literature. The present study examined whether these inconsistencies can be traced back to previous experiences of relational peer victimization in clinical populations.
The use of batteries is indispensable in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the physical integration of a battery pack and a PV panel in one device enables this concept while easing the installation and system scaling. However, the influence of high temperatures is one of the main challenges of placing a solar panel close to a battery pack. Therefore, this paper aims to select a suitable battery technology considering the temperature of operation and the expected current profiles. The methodology for battery selection is composed of a literature review, an integrated model, the design of an application-based testing, and the execution of the aging test. The integrated model was employed to choose among the battery technologies, and to design a testing procedure that simulated the operational conditions of the PV-battery Integrated Module (PBIM). Two Li-ion pouch cells were tested at two representative temperatures while applying various charging/discharging profiles. After the testing, the LiFePO4 (LFP) cells showed better performance when compared to LiCoO2 batteries (LCO), where for instance, the LCO cells capacity tested at 45∘C, faded 2,45% more than the LFP cells at the same testing conditions. Therefore, LFP cells are selected as a suitable option to be part of the PBIM.