batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The general aim of this study was to examine the relation of psychiatric symptom-induced impairment with other common parameters of mental health in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prevalence rates are used to illustrate the implications of different criteria for caseness. Parents/teachers completed DSM-IV-referenced rating scales for 6–12 year old children with ASD (N = 115), the majority of whom were boys (86 %). Most children were rated by parents (81 %) or teachers (86 %) as being socially or academically impaired by symptoms of at least one psychiatric disorder. The most common impairing conditions (parent/teacher) were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (67 %/71 %), oppositional defiant disorder (35 %/33 %), and anxiety disorder (47 %/34 %), and the combined rates based on either informant were generally much higher. Agreement between symptom cutoff and impairment cutoff was acceptable for most disorders. A larger percentage of youth were impaired by psychiatric symptoms than met symptom cutoff criteria, and the discrepancy between impairment cutoff and clinical cutoff (impairment cutoff plus symptom cutoff) was even greater. Impairment was moderately to highly correlated with both number and severity of symptoms. Parents’ and teachers’ ratings indicated little agreement as to whether a child was impaired. Findings for youth with ASD were similar to non ASD child psychiatry outpatient referrals, but clearly different in several ways from comparable studies of community-based samples.
A promising metal–air secondary battery based on aluminium–oxygen couple is described. In this paper, we observed that an aluminium–air battery employing EMImCl, AlCl3 room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) as electrolyte and aluminium as negative electrode, has an exceptional reduced self-discharged rate. Due to its new and innovative type of electrolyte, this aluminium–air battery can support relatively high current densities (up to 0.6 mA cm−2) and an average voltage of 0.6–0.8 V. Such batteries may find immediate applications, as they can provide an internal, built-in autonomous and self-sustained energy source.
Recently, an inexpensive monosaccharide-air flow battery configuration has been demonstrated to utilize a strong base and a mediator redox dye to harness electrical power from the partial oxidation of glucose. Here the mechanistic understanding of glucose oxidation in this unique glucose–air power source is further explored by acid–base titration experiments, 13C NMR, and comparison of results from chemically different redox mediators (indigo carmine vs. methyl viologen) and sugars (fructose vs. glucose) via studies using electrochemical techniques. Titration results indicate that gluconic acid is the main product of the cell reaction, as supported by evidence in the 13C NMR spectra. Using indigo carmine as the mediator dye and fructose as the energy source, an abiotic cell configuration generates a power density of 1.66mWcm−2, which is greater than that produced from glucose under similar conditions (ca. 1.28mWcm−2). A faster transition from fructose into the ene-diol intermediate than from glucose likely contributed to this difference in power density.
This work reports a method to explore the catalytic reactivity of electrode surfaces toward the decomposition of carbonate solvents [ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and EC/DMC]. We show that the decomposition of a 1:1 wt% EC/DMC mixture is accelerated over certain commercially available LiCoO2 materials resulting in the formation of CO2 while over pure EC or DMC the reaction is much slower or negligible. The solubility of the produced CO2 in carbonate solvents is high (0.025 g mL−1) which masks the effect of electrolyte decomposition during storage or use. The origin of this decomposition is not clear but it is expected to be present on other cathode materials and may affect the analysis of SEI products as well as the safety of Li-ion batteries.
Reducing overall power consumption is core issue in low power, high sampling rate, large storage data loggers necessary for long-term underwater acoustics research and other applications. A low-power microprocessor MSP430 offers a solution for the development of long-term deployment remote systems. In this paper, we present a multi-MSP430, master-slave architecture to resolve the power limitation issue. The proposed design is scalable in nature. For every additional slave unit installed in the array, the data sampling and streaming rate can be increased proportionally. We demonstrate the advantages of this concept using a multi-channel underwater acoustic recorder with a 100kHz sampling rate. The performance of the system is demonstrated by a field acoustic experiment in which the reflection coefficient of the seafloor is measured. The proposed architecture will be applicable to many underwater long-term deployment systems. With its flexibility in configuration and synchronization of multi-channel sampling, it also provides a simple architecture for the construction of hydrophone arrays.
A protected lithium electrode was prepared by forming a protection layer on the surface of lithium metal. The protection layer was formed by ultraviolet (UV) radiation-curing of a mixture of crosslinking agent (1,6-hexanediol diacrylate), liquid electrolyte (ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC)/1M LiClO4), and photoinitiator (methyl benzoylformate). The interfacial properties of a symmetric lithium cell containing the protected lithium electrode was better than those of the cell using a bare lithium electrode with storage. The performance of unit cells was also enhanced by the introduction of the protection layer on the surface of the lithium anode. The morphology of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer developed on the protected lithium anode during the charge–discharge runs at 1C rate was smoother at the surface and less porous.
In this article, we demonstrated for the first time an ultra-strong bacterial cellulose supported poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) as a multifunctional polymer electrolyte for a 4.45 V-class LiCoO2 lithium metal battery. Such a polymer electrolyte based LiCoO2 lithium metal battery delivered significant capacity retention (85% retention after 700 cycles) at 60 °C. A more thorough investigation elucidated that it played multiple roles in enhancing the electro-oxidative resistance and reversible lithium plating/stripping of a LiCoO2 lithium metal cell. These extraordinary features open up a new avenue for the fabrication of advanced polymer electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal cells.
Characterization of genes linked to bone metastasis is critical for identification of novel prognostic or predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Although bone marrow core biopsies (BMBx) can be obtained for gene profiling, the procedure itself is invasive and uncommon practice in mCRPC patients. Conversely, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are likely to stem from bone metastases, can be isolated from blood. The goals of this exploratory study were to establish a sensitive methodology to analyze gene expression in BMBx and CTCs, and to determine whether the presence or absence of detectable gene expression is concordant in matching samples from mCRPC patients.
High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation started as soon as possible after cardiac arrest increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation and improves long-term neurologically intact outcome. The authors discuss the latest evidence for successful resuscitation and subsequent patient care.
Till C, Colella B, Verwegen J, Green RE. Postrecovery cognitive decline in adults with traumatic brain injury. Objective To assess prospectively the degree of postrecovery long-term cognitive decline after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design Observational cohort. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants Adults (N=33) with moderate and severe TBI from a well characterized sample with low attrition. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Recovery of functioning was ascertained through repeat neuropsychological assessments over the first 5 years postinjury. Cognitive decline from a baseline of 12 months postinjury to a follow-up evaluation conducted on average ± SD 2.1±0.99 years later. Change was calculated using the reliable change index (RCI) for 12 neuropsychological tests commonly used in the assessment of TBI. Results At the group level, negligible changes in cognitive function were observed over time. However, application of the RCI using 90% confidence intervals showed statistically significant cognitive decline on at least 2 neuropsychological measures in 27.3% of study participants. Decline was most commonly observed on a test of verbal fluency and the delayed recall portion of a test of verbal list learning (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), although substantial variability existed across patients. Decline was significantly correlated with hours of therapy received at 5 months postinjury (P<.02). Conclusions Consistent with a small number of previous studies, cognitive deterioration may follow an initial period of recovery. Overall, the pattern of decline across tests varied across individuals. Possible mechanisms of decline are discussed. Further research is needed to understand the stability of this finding and its functional implications.
In this paper, a reliable numerical scheme, the q-fractional homotopy analysis transform method (q-FHATM), is proposed to examine the Helmholtz equation of fractional order arising in seismic wave propagation, imaging and inversion. Sufficient conditions for its convergence and error estimates are established. The q-FHATM provides a solution in a rapidly convergent series. Results for different fractional values of space derivatives are compared with the existing methods and discussed with the help of figures. A proper selection of parameters yields approximations identical to the exact solution. Parameter ħ
In the past few decades, fractional-order calculus has emerged as a potential tool in various domains of science and engineering such as fluid dynamic traffic, neurophysiology [1], potential theory, control theory, viscoelasticity, electromagnetic theory, bioengineering, electric technology, plasma physics and mathematical economy. Real-world processes, which we deal with, are normally of fractional order. Heat diffusion into a semi-infinite solid where heat flow equals the half-derivative of the temperature is an example of a fractional-order system.
Lithium-ion batteries with a combination of a lithium titanium oxide (LTO, Li4/3Ti5/3O4) anode and 4-volt-class cathodes, namely, LiMn2O4 (LMO) and LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) cathode, have been developed for automotive and stationary power applications. The 3 Ah-class LTO/LMO cell for high-power applications had a high output power density of 3600 W kg−1 for 10 s pulse. High-rate full cycling tests at 10 C rate exhibited a high capacity retention of 95% after 30000 cycles. The capacity retention after 15 years at 35 °C in the calendar life tests is predicted to be 93%. Such a high-power and long-life performance of LTO/LMO cell is suitable for not only hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) but also idling-stop system (ISS) applications. The 20 Ah-class LTO/NCM cell with an energy density of 90 Wh kg−1 exhibited a power density of 2200 W kg−1. The storage life for floating charge at 100% state of charge (SOC) and the full cycle-life at 3 C rate are predicted to be 10 years at 45 °C and 10,000 cycles, respectively. It was demonstrated that the LTO/NCM cells have an excellent balance of high-power, high-energy, low-temperature, and long-life performance for not only electric vehicle (EV) but also plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and stationary power applications.
Objectives The study investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive processes in healthy, naturally postmenopausal women. Method Participants were 64 volunteer postmenopausal women (27 in HRT, 37 in non-HRT group). Groups were matched for age, level of education and postmenopausal period. Duration of HRT was more than 12 months. Cognitive processes were measured through 44 scores obtained from Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, Line Orientation Test, Cancellation Test and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. All of these tests had been studied with respect to their psychometric properties in the Turkish culture [for review, Karakaş S. BİLNOT battery: research and development of neuropsychological tests. Ankara, Turkey: Dizayn Ofset; 2004]. Results Multivariate analysis of variance was performed where HRT and estradiol level were predictive (independent) variables and test scores were predicted (dependent) variables. The studied variables did not have a significant effect on a broad spectrum of neuropsychological scores that measured immediate and delayed visual and verbal memory, visuospatial perception and orientation, sustained attention/vigilance, visual search and scan, impulsivity and response speed, executive functions and general intelligence. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a prediction rate of 86.89% of HRT status; the model was, however, based on four scores whose scientific relevance could not at this point be ascertained. Conclusion The research design of the present observational study applied control techniques to demographic (age, level of education), menopausal (length of menopausal period, duration of HRT), and hormonal variables. The cognitive changes that some studies found concerning the effect of replacement therapy could not be found when the potentially confounding variables were thus controlled.
Lead exposure induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and alters DNA repair. We investigated the effects of melatonin co-administered to rats during exposure to lead. Three doses of lead acetate (10, 50 and 100mg/kg/day) were administered to rats during a 6-week period. Lymphocytes were analyzed. Lead exposure decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in blood, and at doses of 100mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg/day without melatonin, caused high levels of DNA damage, induced apoptosis, and altered DNA repair. Melatonin co-treatment did not attenuate the effects of lead at 100mg/kg/day, indicating that the effect of melatonin on GSH reduction is not sufficient to reduce the genotoxic effects of lead at this high dose. After 6 weeks of treatment, decreased weight gain was observed in high lead-dose groups (100mg/kg/day), with or without melatonin, and in medium-dose groups (50mg/kg/day) with melatonin, compared with the control group. The protective action of melatonin against lead toxicity is dependent on the dose of lead. Further pharmacological studies are needed to determine whether melatonin acts via melatonin membrane receptors on lymphocytes.
Electrodeposition of polyaniline (PAni) was performed across a broad pH range from pH 0.0 to 14.0. PAni films were found to grow from strong acidic environments at much faster rate and appeared to adopt different growth patterns from those grown from higher pH media, thus producing PAni films with very different morphologies ranging from nanofibres to microsized tubules to flakes like structures. The various morphologies of the PAni films were results of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation during electrochemical polymerization. These phenomena occurred under specific conditions which could be induced by varying the pH of the reaction media. Characteristic IR absorptions of the films deposited from increasing pH environment indicated little differences in chemical structure of the polymers except for the film grown from pH 14.0. Cyclic voltammetry data also indicated different electron transfer efficiency as a result of different morphology adopted. All except for PAni films obtained from pH 2.0 to 4.0 gave high specific capacitance at around 450Fg−1 in 0.5M H2SO4 and in 1.0M NaNO3 (pH 1.0) solution using 1.0mAcm−2 charging and discharging current density.
LiFePO4–Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LFP–LVP/C) composite is prepared by a modified solid-state method, along with LFP/C composite as a reference. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared materials are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy. LFP–LVP/C composite is well-crystallized and a matrix is formed by conductive carbon surrounding the LFP–LVP particles. LFP–LVP/C exhibits V-doped LFP in the bulk phase as determined by Rietveld analysis of XRD data, and mixed phase regions of V-doped LFP and LVP when analyzed at the particle-scale using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical tests show that the initial discharge capacity of the LFP–LVP/C composite is 165.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Furthermore, the composite exhibits excellent performance with an initial discharge capacity of 135.4 mAh g−1 at a constant current density of 1 C, with no noticeable capacity fading after 100 cycles (141.6 mAh g−1), which is higher than that of LFP/C prepared by the same method for comparison. Thus, the introduction of LVP acts to improve electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion of LFP/C.
Bio-based, cost-effective carbon nanofibers are fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) – refined biotechnology humic acids (RB) via simple eletrospinning after stabilization and carbonization. The influence of PAN/RB mass ratios and heat-treatment temperatures (HTTs) on structure and morphology is systematically studied. Excitingly, a first discharge/charge capacity of 937.9/613.4mAhg−1(coulombic efficiency of 65.4%) is achieved at 20mAg−1 for PB7/3-800 in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Meanwhile, a charge capacity of 348.2mAhg−1 (about 89% retention ratio) remains even after 100 cycles at 0.1Ag−1. It is demonstrated that biomass humic acids can be applied as a promising precursor to fabricate high performance, low-cost, as well as “green” carbon electrode material for LIBs.
Chlorine-substituted spinels, Li1.06Mn2O4−z Cl z with 0≤ z ≤0.10, were prepared with a citrate gel method to investigate the effects of Cl-doping on the crystal structure and the properties as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Exclusive spinel phase were found in the prepared powders. The lattice parameter of spinel increases from 8.227Å for z =0 to 8.238Å for z =0.06 and becomes saturated for 0.06< z <0.10. It indicates chlorine has been successfully doped into the spinel structure. The sample with z =0.06 shows better cycling performance than that of others. The initial specific discharge capacity of 123mAhg−1 and capacity loss rate of 0.21mAhg−1 cycle−1 was measured for these samples. Variation in the crystal structure during charge/discharge was examined with in situ XRD. Two-phase coexistence was observed at voltage between 4.15 and 4.175V.
A solution-processable polythiophene, poly((E)-4,4″-didecoxy-3′-styryl[2,2′:5′,2′′]terthiophene) demonstrated large electrochemically induced strain up to 11.5%. Free-standing polymer films were characterised using four-point probe conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical actuation measurements. Conductivities of ∼6×10−5 S/cm (reduced state) or ∼1–2S/cm (oxidised state) were measured. Well-defined polymer oxidation–reduction responses were observed in both the propylene carbonate and acetonitrile electrolytes, with electrochemical efficiency of >80% observed under ideal conditions. Results obtained suggested that the actuation strain approximately correlates with the size of the anion (i.e. TFSI>PF6 − >ClO4 −) used in the electrolyte. The largest strain ∼11.5% was obtained in an electrolyte solution consisting of 0.1M Li.TFSI in acetonitrile. The maximum strain attainable increased with an increase in the anodic potential applied and decreased with an increase in stimulation frequency or increasing mechanical load. Such functionalised polythiophene material has the combined advantage of solution processability and the ability to produce large strain.
The growing concern for high energy density lithium-ion batteries requires high capacity cathode materials. Li-rich materials are among the most promising candidates attributing to its high capacity, high safety, and low cost. However, the capacity faded seriously with long cycling which hinders its further application. Here, we report a high capacity Li-rich material with superior rate capacity and well cycling stability. The prepared Li-rich cathode exhibited a high discharge capacity of 270mA h g−1 with initial coulombic efficiency of 84%, at the current density of 25mAg−1. In addition, high discharge capacity of 200mA h g−1 was obtained at the current density of 250mAg−1 and good cycling stability was delivered with 92% capacity retention after 100 cycles at current density of 125mAg−1.
Background Cognitive decline in the elderly is a subject of intense focus. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding definition of significant decline in connection with repeated testing and the interpretation of cognitive tests results must take into account the practice effect and variability in test performance. The aim of this study was to collect cognitive test results with repeated testing in an elderly healthy population. Methods 161 healthy controls ≥60years were included. Cognitive testing was performed upon entry into the study, at 1week and 3months. Practice effect was evaluated on 7 neuropsychological measures and reference values of clinically important changes were calculated according to z-scores above 1.96. Results Test scores improved significantly (p<0.05) in 2 of 7 measures between baseline and 2nd test and in 6 of 7 measures between baseline and 3rd test session. No significant correlation was found between magnitude of practice effect and age or educational status. Conclusion Practice effect and variability in cognitive testing in the elderly are important to consider when evaluating changes in cognitive performance over a short period of time.
This paper presents mosquito mapper: an android phone application created with the goal of giving science-driven citizens the means to monitor mosquito populations in an urban environment. Mosquito mapper allows the recording of mosquito encounters as well as conditions surrounding the encounter. It also features a rudimentary identification tool. The goal of the application is to create a database and construct a map of the encounters free to consult for citizens and scientists. Such database constitutes a necessary first step for the development of useful management strategies addressing potential human health threats induced by mosquitoes. The citizen scientist may voluntarily provide other additional information on the circumstances of the encounter that may contain scientifically useful information. We describe the current features of the application, showcase the limited data gathered so far, then discuss the strengths, limits, potential scientific value and suggest possible future extensions for the application. The original city for which the application was developed is Berlin, Germany, but the application is coded in such a way that it is easily applicable to any urban environment.
Experiments were made with negative lead-acid battery electrodes doped with 1% of powdered carbon, titanium dioxide and silicone dioxide. It turned out that addition of carbon to the negative active mass causes an increase of the time of effective formation. During accelerated cycling in the PSoC regime, the electrode with carbon has in the course of the first PSoC run better properties than the electrode with titanium dioxide. The electrode with silicone dioxide performs the lowest cycle life. In the second PSoC run the electrode with carbon did not show a markedly better performance than the electrode with titanium dioxide. The positive effect of both carbon and titanium dioxide additives on the electrode cycle life is evident.