batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) is a synthetic cannabinoid agonist illegally marketed in “Spice” and “herbal blend” for its psychoactive effect greater than those produced by cannabis. In rodents JWH-018 reproduces typical effects of (−)-Δ9-THC or Dronabinol® (Δ9-THC) such as hypothermia, analgesia, hypolocomotion and akinesia, while its effects on sensorimotor functions are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of acute administration of JWH-018 (0.01–6mg/kg i.p.) on sensorimotor functions in male CD-1 mice and to compare its effects with those caused by the administration of Δ9-THC (0.01–6mg/kg i.p.). A specific battery of behavioral tests were adopted to investigate effects of cannabinoid agonists on sensorimotor functions (visual, auditory, tactile) and neurological changes (convulsion, myoclonia, hyperreflexia) while video-tracking analysis was used to study spontaneous locomotion. JWH-018 administration inhibited sensorimotor responses at lower doses (0.01–0.1mg/kg), reduced spontaneous locomotion at intermediate/high doses (1–6mg/kg) and induced convulsions, myoclonia and hyperreflexia at high doses (6mg/kg). Similarly, administration of Δ9-THC reduced sensorimotor responses in mice but it did not inhibit spontaneous locomotion and it did not induce neurological alterations. All behavioral effects and neurological alterations were prevented by the administration of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM 251). For the first time these data demonstrate that JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor responses in mice. This aspect should be carefully evaluated to better understand the potential danger that JWH-018 may pose to public health, with particular reference to decreased performance in driving and hazardous works.
In this study, we have reported a facile growth of ultrathin mesoporous manganese cobalt sulfide (MCS) nanosheet arrays on Ni-foam substrate by a facile electrodeposition approach for high performance supercapacitor applications. We have developed the extremely energy-saving and rapid synthetic methodologies for the growth of highly active binary transition metal sulfide. The nanosheet architectures have been characterized using the techniques such as XRD, FESEM, TEM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy to understand the growth mechanism. The high porosity, high surface area and good electrical conductivity of the MCS nanosheets arrays make it a promising electrode material for supercapacitor. MCS nanosheets exhibit a high specific capacitance of 2421 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 along with excellent cycling stability, demonstrating its potential as an efficient electrode material for next generation supercapacitors.
Batteries are being used in increasingly complicated configurations with very demanding duty schedules. Such usage makes the use of batteries in multi-cell configurations to meet voltage, power, and energy demands in a very stressful manner. Thus, effective management and control of a battery system to allow efficient, reliable, and safe operation becomes vital, and diagnostic and prognostic tools are essential. Yet, developing these tools in practical applications is new to the industry, difficult and challenging. Here we present a novel mechanistic model that can enable battery diagnosis and prognosis. The model can simulate various “what-if” scenarios of battery degradation modes via a synthetic approach based on specific electrode behavior with proper adjustment of the loading ratio and the extent of degradation in and between the two electrodes. This approach is very different from the conventional empirical ones that correlate the cell parameters (such as impedance increases) with degradation in capacity or power fade to predict performance and life. This approach, with mechanistic understanding of battery degradation processes and failure mechanisms, offers unique high-fidelity simulation to address path dependence of the battery degradation.
Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) at room temperature (25°C) and at 50°C and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 25°C as a function of cell voltage and cycle number were performed on the layered cathode, Li(Ni1/2Mn1/2)O2 and the results were correlated with its known electrochemical performance. Comparison of the voltage versus capacity profiles and the cycling performance reveals that a higher extraction and reversible capacity can be obtained by means of increasing the upper cut-off voltage or by changing the cycling mode (from constant-current (CC) to constant-current–constant-voltage (CCCV)) at 25°C or by increasing the temperature to 50°C for V >4.2V versus Li metal, but this leads to capacity-fading over 50 cycles. A minimum in the Li-ion diffusion coefficient (D Li) versus voltage curve was observed at ∼3.8V coinciding with the plateau region in the charge–discharge profiles. The D Li is almost unchanged with a value of 3.0(±0.5)×10−10 cm2/s in the voltage range, 3.8–4.3V versus Li. EIS studies as a function of cycle number after charging the cells to ∼3.8 and 4.4V, after they were cycled in the CC and CCCV modes show that while the surface film and the bulk contribution of the cell resistances remain small and unchanged, a significant increase in the charge transfer resistance (R ct) occurs, revealing a pronounced electrode polarization. This polarization may be the reason for the observed capacity-fading in Li(Ni1/2Mn1/2)O2 when charged to voltages >4.2V.
Achieving end-to-end goals of Wireless Machine to Machine Networks (M2M) is a highly challenging task. These goals include guaranteeing connectivity and maximizing throughput while satisfying application layer Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Moreover, the problem becomes more complicated in the context of emerging dynamic allocation of application layer software components. This paper presents a collaborative framework for communications in M2M wireless networks. This framework is composed of a context-aware and application-aware software platform and a reasoning machine for network management. The software platform uses multi-level adaptation mechanisms to support dynamic collaboration activities. The platform is also capable of installing the required software components on the appropriate nodes. On the other hand, the reasoning machine for network management is designed using the tool known as Weighted Cognitive Map (WCM). The inference properties of WCMs allow the system to self-organize while considering multiple objectives and constraints. Methods for achieving different objectives using WCMs are illustrated, as well as how system processes can operate coherently to achieve end-to-end goals. Computer simulations show that the system achieves excellent performance results in metrics of call dropping and blocking probabilities and achieving the required Quality of Service (QoS) parameters of the applications.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next generation energy storage. To realize their practical application, however, a high S active material loading is essential. The binder material used for the cathode is therefore crucial as this is a key determinant of the bonding interactions between the active material (S) and electronic conducting support (C), as well as the maintenance of intimate contact between the electrode materials and current collector. Here, we investigated the application of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as functional binders in Li–S batteries. Utilizing the high degree of surface functionalities, interior porosities, and polarity of the PAMAM dendrimers, it is demonstrated that high S loadings (>4mgcm−2) can be easily achieved using simple processing methods. An exceptional electrochemical cycling performance was obtained as compared to cathodes with conventional linear polymeric binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), which was attributed to better interfacial interactions between the dendrimers and the C/S composite materials, as well as better electrolyte wetting due to the dendrimer spherical molecular, porous architectures. Furthermore, the dendrimer-based binders also physically and chemically trapped the polar polysulfides, thus demonstrating the significant utility of this new nanosized binder architecture.
The aging behavior of commercially produced 18650-type Li-ion cells consisting of a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) based cathode and a graphite anode based on either mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) or needle coke (NC) is studied by in situ neutron diffraction and standard electrochemical techniques. While the MCMB cells showed an excellent cycle life with only 8% relative capacity loss (i.e., referenced to the capacity after formation) after 4750 cycles and showed no capacity loss on storage for two years, the needle coke cells suffered a 23% relative capacity loss after cycling and a 11% loss after storage. Based on a combination of neutron diffraction and electrochemical characterization, it is shown that the entire capacity loss for both cell types is dominated by the loss of active lithium; no other aging mechanisms like structural degradation of anode or cathode active materials or deactivation of active material could be found, highlighting the high structural stability of the active material and the excellent quality of the investigated cells.
In this paper, the behavior of an electrochemical thin polymeric film sandwiched between porous electrodes and under input voltage (potentiostatic) conditions is numerically investigated. Thin polymeric membranes, such as Nafion, are widely used in micro-batteries and proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. A three-dimensional continuum-based multi-field formulation for thin polymeric membranes is presented. The model is applied to configurations of the type electrode-membrane-electrode in order to represent the core of a characteristic electrochemical device. Various three-dimensional geometries are considered. The phenomena modeled within the polymeric membrane are (i) ion transport (chemical field) and (ii) electrical field. The field equations, i.e. the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, are determined by inserting the thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations within the balance equations of the electrochemical problem. Suitable initial and boundary conditions have to be imposed in order to solve the system of partial differential equations. In particular, the phenomena modeled at the membrane/electrode interface are (i) the electrochemical kinetics of the chemical reaction and (ii) the polarization effects. Time-dependent numerical simulations for potentiostatic conditions are performed within a finite element framework. It is shown that the presented fully coupled multi-field model reproduces, within a simulation framework, the behavior of electrochemical cells. In fact, the model is capable of well predicting the space and time evolution of the main electrochemical parameters as well as catching multi-dimensional effects. The presented model can be regarded as a starting point to develop further research concerning an electro-chemo-mechanical model in order to well understand the stress distribution which arises in polymeric membranes during operating conditions.
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of three-dimensional hybrid inorganic–organic networks prepared by a polycondensation reaction between Zr(O(CH2)3CH3)4 and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400). Eleven hybrid networks doped with varying concentrations of LiClO4 salt were prepared. On the basis of analytical data and FT-Raman studies it was concluded that these polymer electrolytes consist of inorganic–organic networks with zirconium atoms bonded together by PEG400 bridges. These polymers are transparent with a solid rubber consistency and are very stable under inert atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a smooth glassy surface. X-ray fluorescence microanalysis with energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated that all the constituent elements are homogeneously distributed in the materials. Thermogravimetric measurements revealed that these materials are thermally stable up to 262°C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements indicated that the glass transition temperature T g of these inorganic–organic hybrids varies from −43 to −15°C with increasing LiClO4 concentration. FT-Raman investigations revealed the TGT (T=trans, G=gauche) conformation of polyether chains and allowed characterization of the types of ion-ion and ion–polymer host interactions in the bulk materials. The conductivity of the materials at different temperatures was determined by impedance spectroscopy over the 20 Hz–1 MHz frequency range. Results indicated that the materials conduct ionically and that their ionic conductivity is strongly influenced by the segmental motion of the polymer network and the type of ionic species distributed in the bulk material. Finally, it is to be highlighted that the hybrid network with a n Li/n O molar ratio of 0.0223 shows a conductivity of ca. 1×10−5 S cm−1 at 40°C.
A new unsymmetrical lithium salt containing C6H4O2 2−[dianion of 1,2-benzenediol] and C2O4 2−[dianion of oxalic acid], lithium [1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′ oxalato]borate (LBDOB), is synthesized and characterized. The thermal characteristics of it, lithium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′]borate (LBBB) and lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) are examined by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The thermal decomposition in Ar begins at 250, 256, and 302°C for LBBB, LBDOB, and LBOB, respectively. The order of the stability toward oxidation of these organoborates is LBOB>LBDOB>LBBB, which is in the same order of the thermal stability. The cyclic voltammetry study shows that the LBDOB solution in PC is stable up to 3.7V vs. Li+/Li. They are soluble in common organic solvents. Ionic dissociation properties of LBDOB and its derivatives are examined by conductivity measurements in PC, PC+DME, EC+DME, PC+THF, EC+THF (molar ratio 1:1) solutions. The conductivity values of the 0.10moldm−3 LBDOB electrolyte in PC, PC+DME, EC+DME, PC+THF, EC+THF solutions are higher than those of LBBB, but lower than those of LBOB electrolytes.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with key deficits in social functioning. It is widely assumed that the biological underpinnings of social impairment are neurofunctional alterations in the “social brain,” a neural circuitry involved in inferring the mental state of a social partner. However, previous evidence comes from small-scale studies and findings have been mixed. We therefore carried out the to-date largest study on neural correlates of mentalizing in ASD.
Bismuth oxyfluoride impregnated CMK-3 nanocomposite is synthesized by a facile nanocasting approach. Mesoporous carbon CMK-3 can suppress the aggregation and growth of bismuth oxyfluoride particles and offer rapid electron and Li ion passageways. Bismuth oxyfluoride nanoparticles are embedded in the mesoporous channels with particle size less than 20 nm. The bismuth oxyfluoride@CMK-3 nanocomposite maintains 148 mA h g−1 after 40 cycles with the capacity from both the bismuth oxyfluoride and the functional groups on the mesoporous carbon. The hybrid with confined bismuth oxyfluoride nanoparticles, conductive carbon network, and oxygen functional groups on the carbon matrix exhibits higher capacity and cycling stability than bulk bismuth oxyfluoride particles when used as lithium ion batteries cathode.
Transition metal oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries offer high energy density and high voltage. Composites of these materials have shown excellent life expectancy and improved thermal performance. In the present work, a comprehensive non-isothermal electrochemical model for a Lithium ion cell with a composite cathode is developed. The present work builds on lithium concentration-dependent diffusivity and thermal gradient of cathode potential, obtained from experiments. The model validation is performed for a wide range of temperature and discharge rates. Excellent agreement is found for high and room temperature with moderate success at low temperatures, which can be attributed to the low fidelity of material properties at low temperature. Although the cell operation is limited by electronic conductivity of NCA at room temperature, at low temperatures a shift in controlling process is seen, and operation is limited by electrolyte transport. At room temperature, the lithium transport in Cathode appears to be the main source of heat generation with entropic heat as the primary contributor at low discharge rates and ohmic heat at high discharge rates respectively. Improvement in electronic conductivity of the cathode is expected to improve the performance of these composite cathodes and pave way for its wider commercialization.
In this paper, we applied ball milling technique to prepare amorphous and nanocrystalline CeMg11Ni + x wt.% Ni (x = 100, 200) alloys which gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage dynamics and structure characteristics were systematically studied. It is shown that increasing Ni proportion promotes the amorphization of alloys, meanwhile, it improves their gaseous and electrochemical hydrogenation dynamics significantly. Besides, adjusting milling duration markedly changes the hydrogen storage performances. With the prolonging of milling time, the hydrogen storage capacity has a maximal value, which are 5.949 wt.% and 6.157 wt.% respectively for x = 100 and 200 alloys, while the dehydriding rate always increases. The hydriding rate and high rate discharge ability have the maximal values with the variation of milling time as well. The improved gaseous hydrogen storage dynamics is convinced to be connected with the reduction of dehydrogenation activation energy resulted by increasing Ni proportion and prolonging milling duration.
Hierarchically porous carbons with variable pore sizes at multi-length-scale, a nitrogen and boron co-doped and local graphitized framework, and high mechanical strength were synthesized through the self-assembly of poly(benzoxazine-co-resol) with ionic liquid C16mimBF4 and a carbonization process. In this synthesis, the ionic liquid acts both as a structure directing agent and a heteroatom precursor. The obtained porous carbons have a specific surface area lower than 376 m2 g−1 and thus a high skeleton density. With such heteroatom doped skeleton structures and fully interconnected macropores, mesopores and micropores, the hierarchically porous carbon shows outstanding electrochemical performance, e.g. a superior high gravimetric capacitance (Cg) of 247 F g−1, an interfacial capacitance (CS) of 66 μF cm−2 (calculated based on the discharge curve with a constant current density of 0.5 A g−1), whilst a high volumetric capacitance (Cv) of 101 F cm−3 compared to those reported in the literature. Cycling stability tests indicate that the carbon exhibits a capacitance retention of ∼96.2% after 4000 charge–discharge cycles, strongly reflecting an excellent long-term cyclability of the electrode. Due to its unique skeleton structure and high conductivity, such hierarchically porous carbon shows promise as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Nickel oxide thin films known as optical active counter electrode in electrochromic devices were grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) at room temperature (RT) under a 10−1 mbar oxygen pressure. From intense electrochemical characterizations of as-deposited NiO electrodes in alkaline medium, a mechanism taking into account the three typical steps of their cycling life, namely the activation period, the steady state and the degradation period, is proposed. The reversible color change from transparent to brownish, generally ascribed to the Ni(II)/Ni(III) couple in the literature, was clearly identified to the electrochemically active nickel hydroxide/oxy-hydroxide phases. The reason lies in a spontaneous chemical conversion of NiO into Ni(OH)2 when the film is immersed in KOH medium. Afterwards, once cycling is performed, there is in competition with the electrochemical process, a self-discharge phenomenon associated to a partial dissolution of the thin-film oxidized phases. This second process becomes predominant on cycling leading to a progressive degradation of the electrochromic performances.
An interesting universal modeling tool for rechargeable lithium batteries is presented in this paper. The generic model is based on an equivalent circuit technique commonly used in electrochemical impedance characterization. Therefore, the parameters used in the model can be easily parameterized from the electrochemical impedance derivations, which provide a convenient integration with experimental cell characterizations. Such integration offers the universality in this modeling approach.
Carbon coated flower like Bi2S3 on nickel foam are simply fabricated by a solvothermal synthesis method accompanying with glucose as a precursor of subsequent carbonization. The architectures are directly used as electrodes for electrochemical hydrogen and Li-ion storage. Such architectures display high electrochemical hydrogen storage and the discharging capacity of 165mAhg−1 is obtained. When used as anode material, the binder free Bi2S3@C/Ni electrode delivers superior cycling stability and rate capability. Discharge capacity reaches as high as 698mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1. Even at 1000mAg−1, the capacity still remains at 510mAhg−1 after 40 cycles. The superior performance can be ascribed to the unique electrode. The porous electrode gives more reaction sites and accommodates volume change during cycling; while the carbon shell improves electronic conductivity and suppresses particle aggregation.
Electrosynthesized dedoped polyaniline (anode) and doped poly-1-naphthol (cathode) were used as electrode materials in a new rechargeable battery containing lithium perchlorate and perchloric acid in methyl cyanide (MeCN) as the electrolyte. The cell gave an open-circuit potential (OCP) of 1.4V, a specific capacity of 150Ahkg−1 and an energy density of 113Whkg−1 (at a 1.0V cutoff). The cell lost ∼5% of its capacity after 1 week due to the self-discharge. The charging/discharging tests (0.0–1.4V) showed a gradual decrease in capacity up to 15% after 100 cycles. An advantage of such battery is the high power density (∼9kWkg−1 at OCP) because of the extended surface area of the polymer layer compared to the metal electrode.
Lithium vanadium oxides and vanadates have wide attention as cathode materials for Li ion battery applications, but there has been limited study on other cations substituted vanadium compounds, which could have favorable electrochemical properties. Here we report the synthesis and electrochemical properties of aggregated K0.25V2O5 nanobelts and the optimization of the crystalline structure for fast Li ion insertion. We propose a partial melting and self-alignment mechanism to produce the aggregated nanobelts. This material can deliver a high discharge capacity of 232mAh −1 at 100mAg−1 and high rate capability. It also exhibits superior long-term cycling performance with no capacity fading over 800 cycles at high current density of 1, 1.5, and 2Ag−1. Remarkably, although some work has been devoted to potassium vanadates, there is little work introducing this class of materials with super long lifespan. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared K0.25V2O5 would be a potential candidate for LIBs.