batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Self-report quality of life (QoL) measures for people with dementia are widely used as outcome measures in trials of dementia care interventions. Depressed mood, relationship quality and neuropsychiatric symptoms predict scores on these measures, whereas cognitive impairment and functional abilities typically do not. This study examines whether these self-reports are influenced by personality and by the person’s awareness of his/her impairments. A strong negative association between QoL and awareness of deficits would have implications for the validity of self-report in this context and for therapeutic interventions aiming to increase adjustment and coping.
This study uses fuel cell gas diffusion layers (GDLs) fabricated in the laboratory from carbon fiber cloth with different concentrations of hydrophobic agents in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and investigates the relationship between the hydrophobic agent content of the carbon fiber cloth and fuel cell performance. The paper examines the effect of hydrophobic agent content on GDL thickness, contact angle, air permeability, and surface and through-plane resistivity. Carbon fiber cloth is impregnated with hydrophobic agent concentrations of 0, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50wt%, and the resulting GDLs are subjected to performance tests. When the test piece area is 25cm2, the test temperature 80°C, the gasket thickness 0.36mm, and the hydrophobic agent content 5wt%, a fuel cell using the GDL has a current density of 1430mAcm−2 at 0.3V.
In this paper, a mathematical model for stochastic simulation and optimization of small wind energy systems is presented. This model is able to consider the operation of the charge controller, the coulombic efficiency during charge and discharge processes, the influence of temperature on the battery bank capacity, the wind speed variability, and load uncertainty. The joint effect of charge controller operation, ambient temperature, and coulombic efficiency is analyzed in a system installed in Zaragoza (Spain), concluding that if the analysis without considering these factors is carried out, the reliability level of the physical system could be lower than expected, and an increment of 25% in the battery bank capacity would be required to reach a reliability level of 90% in the analyzed case. Also, the effect of the wind speed variability and load uncertainty in the system reliability is analyzed. Finally, the uncertainty in the battery bank lifetime and its effect on the net present cost are discussed. The results showed that, considering uncertainty of 17.5% in the battery bank lifetime calculated using the Ah throughput model, about 12% of uncertainty in the net present cost is expected. The model presented in this research could be a useful stochastic simulation and optimization tool that allows the consideration of important uncertainty factors in techno-economic analysis.
Although rechargeable aluminium-ion batteries could be very promising, there are only a few materials described in the literature that can insert aluminium. NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is here investigated as a new positive electrode, using aluminium chloride dissolved in O2-free water as electrolyte solution. The reversible capacity is around 60–100 mAh g−1, depending on the cycling conditions. The electrochemical, analytical, NMR, XPS and XRD results all together corroborate that sodium is deinserted during first charge and then aluminium is inserted during the discharge. Both bulk insertion and surface capacitance can contribute to the specific capacity. This is the first report about true insertion of a trivalent cation into a NASICON-type structure. In addition, this material is also electrochemically active vs. Al metal in non-aqueous cell, using ionic liquid as electrolyte solution, with a revesible capacity about 60–70 mAh g−1 at ca. 1.25 V vs. Al. However, in the case of using ionic liquid, sodium (and not aluminium) is reversibly (de)inserted [23]. The results demonstrate that NVP is promising as electrode for rechargeable aluminium batteries, and that the electrolyte solution strongly influence on the electrochemical reaction.
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in diverse applications has increased during the last years and this will likely continue in the near future. As the number of applications increase, more and more waste with nanomaterials will be generated. A portion of this waste will enter the recycling system, for example, in electronic products, textiles and construction materials. The fate of these materials during and after the waste management and recycling operations is poorly understood. The aim of this work is to model the flows of nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO, nano-Ag and CNT in the recycling system in Switzerland. The basis for this study is published information on the ENMs flows on the Swiss system. We developed a method to assess their flow after recycling. To incorporate the uncertainties inherent to the limited information available, we applied a probabilistic material flow analysis approach. The results show that the recycling processes does not result in significant further propagation of nanomaterials into new products. Instead, the largest proportion will flow as waste that can subsequently be properly handled in incineration plants or landfills. Smaller fractions of ENMs will be eliminated or end up in materials that are sent abroad to undergo further recovery processes. Only a reduced amount of ENMs will flow back to the productive process of the economy in a limited number of sectors. Overall, the results suggest that risk assessment during recycling should focus on occupational exposure, release of ENMs in landfills and incineration plants, and toxicity assessment in a small number of recycled inputs.
An experimental assessment of a hydrogen based regenerative (electrolyser-fuel cell) system is presented. The experiment was conducted on a residential scale Integrated Renewable Energy Experiment (IRENE) test-bed under conditions that are representative of the real demands that would be placed on a solar based, regenerative system, with a focus on dynamic operation under transients in both load and renewable energy supply profiles. A control algorithm employing bus voltage constraints and device current limitations is outlined. Results for a 2 week operating period indicate that the system response is very dynamic but repeatable. The overall system energy balance reveals that the energy input from the renewable source was sufficient to meet the demand load and generate a net surplus of hydrogen. The energy loss associated with the various system components as well as a breakdown of the unused renewable energy input is presented. In general, the technical challenges associated with hydrogen energy buffering can be overcome, but the round-trip efficiency for the current system is only 22%.
Tributyl borate is used as a novel electrolyte additive to improve the stability of LiCoO2 cathode operating at a high charging-cutoff voltage. The HOMO energy calculation notes that Tributyl borate would be preferentially oxidized and then generate a more uniform, extremely stable, and lower resistance cathode solid electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the LiCoO2 surface. This CEI film can effectively suppress the subsequent decomposition of electrolyte and improve cyclic stability and discharge capability of LiCoO2 cathode. With the electrolyte contained 0.5 wt.% tributyl borate, the LiCoO2/Li cells achieve a capacity retention of 85.2% after 120 cycles at 3.0–4.4 V, comparing to the capacity retention of 37.7% for the cells without tributyl borate.
This review summarizes advances in electrical, optical and microfluidic neural interfaces with characteristics that suggest near-term potential for broad deployment to the neuroscience community.
Optimal energy flux analysis and design of a power plant for infantry mobility hybrid diesel-electric vehicle is dealt with in this paper. Control strategy management and propulsion system sizing is done on the basis of minimizing total fuel consumption. A quasi-static system model has allowed analyzing the most restrictive operations; moreover the simulation has been used in expected real driving cycles in order to check the performance in typical mission. From the point of view of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, HEV and automatic gear transmission configuration have been compared. The results show a noticeable difference especially in the case of the driving cycle of low-power load conditions, with a very reduced proportion of batteries weight in comparison to vehicle. Fuel and emissions saving with HEV systems compared to automatic geared transmission along vehicle service life justify the higher inversion needed for the HEV system.
Introduction Previous studies investigating the relationship between obesity and cognition as well as gender differences in these relationships reported equivocal results. Here, we examined age, years of education, schizophrenia, and gender differences which might affect the relationship between obesity and cognition. Methods 1012 healthy controls and 707 participants with schizophrenia were recruited. Information on body mass index (BMI) was obtained and a neurocognitive battery was administered. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine the relationship between BMI, schizophrenia, cognition and its covariates. Results No significant direct effect of BMI on cognition was found when cognition was regressed on age, years of education, diagnosis of schizophrenia and BMI. Instead, two SEM models indicated that indirect effects between BMI and cognition exist. The indirect effect of BMI on cognition through schizophrenia was present in both genders, while the indirect effect of cognition on BMI through schizophrenia was only found in females. BMI affecting cognition through age, years of education and schizophrenia appears to be the most plausible model that explains the data. This indirect effect was larger in females and was masked by diagnosis of schizophrenia. Conclusion With increased rates of obesity in schizophrenia, it is important to highlight the potentially deleterious effect of obesity on cognition. BMI could be used as a candidate risk marker to identify people at higher risk of cognitive deficits, and as an intervention target for modifications of cognitive outcomes.
Intermetallic InBi has been prepared for the first time by high-energy mechanochemical synthesis from metallic In and Bi powders. Considering that both In and Bi are able to electrochemically alloy with Mg, InBi-based electrodes in Mg-battery were also investigated by operando X-ray diffraction in order to verify a possible synergy between the two metals in the reaction vs. Mg. In contrast to the relatively simple magnesiation mechanisms of both pure metals, the overall alloying mechanism of InBi – leading to the formation of Mg3Bi2 and MgIn – reveals an unexpected complex pathway through several successive intermediate phases, with InBi being reformed as a major product at the end of the charge. The presence of lone In during the reversible magnesiation process strongly affects the electrochemical properties. Indeed the cycling performance is intermediate between those of pure In- and Bi-based electrodes, without any beneficial synergy between the two active elements.
Recently, the renewable energy issue is becoming significant due to increasing power demand, instability of the rising oil prices and environmental problems. Among the various renewable energy sources, fuel cell (FC) technology has received considerable attention as an alternative to the conventional power units due to its higher efficiency, clean operation and cost-effective supply of power demanded by the consumers. Particularly, proton exchange membrane (PEM) FC technology plays a leading role for many applications when comparing with other competitive types of FCs. PEMFCs have recently passed the test or demonstration phase and have partially reached the commercialization stage due to the impressive worldwide research effort. Besides, providing a hybrid system by integration of PEMFC with an auxiliary power source may provide better results considering the issues of performance and component durability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent trends in PEMFC powered hybrid systems including a detailed explanation of application areas and design architectures with different power electronics interfaces as well as the energy management methods utilized in the daily life and taking part in the literature.
The design of Faradaic battery electrodes that exhibit high rate capability and long cycle life equivalent to those of the electrodes of electrical double-layer capacitors is a big challenge. Here we report a strategy to fill this performance gap using the concept of Grotthuss proton conduction, in which proton transfer takes place by means of concerted cleavage and formation of O–H bonds in a hydrogen-bonding network. We show that in a hydrated Prussian blue analogue (Turnbull’s blue) the abundant lattice water molecules with a contiguous hydrogen-bonding network facilitate Grotthuss proton conduction during redox reactions. When using it as a battery electrode, we find high-rate behaviours at 4,000 C (380 A g−1, 508 mA cm−2), and a long cycling life of 0.73 million cycles. These results for diffusion-free Grotthuss topochemistry of protons, in contrast to orthodox battery electrochemistry, which requires ion diffusion inside electrodes, indicate a potential direction to revolutionize electrochemical energy storage for high-power applications.
A novel free-standing air electrode for Li–O2 battery with a wave-like microstructure is designed and synthesized through a facile electrochemical deposition process. Interconnected NiCo2O4 nanosheets with planes grown almost parallel to the surface of Ni foam build up continues porous catalytic surface with open space for the growth of Li2O2 discharge product. Li–O2 battery with the synthesized cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of 7004 mAh g−1 at 40 mA g−1 with a charge potential lower than 3.6 V (vs. Li/Li+), and significantly lower impedance compared to conventional electrode. Flower-like Li2O2 particles with a large size are observed as discharge products, consisting with the high discharge capacity. The unique wave-like microstructure and DMSO-based electrolyte with a high-doner-number are proposed to be responsible for the high discharge capacity, and the formation of large size Li2O2 discharge products. In addition, the electrode also exhibits stable cycle performance up to 100 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1 due to the robust composition and microstructure of the free-standing design.
A novel method for determination of trace amounts of microorganism populations in solution was developed by using a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) modified glassy carbon electrode and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The simultaneous combination of MWNT and SWV allowed the electrochemical signal of electro-active materials in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) to be dramatically amplified. Compared with a bare glassy carbon electrode, the MWNT-modified glassy carbon electrode showed catalytic properties in the oxidation of electro-active materials on cell surfaces. Moreover, SWV was proved to be more sensitive than cyclic voltammetry (CV) for investigation of the electrochemical behavior of cells. In this paper, a linear relationship was obtained between the SWV peak current and the cell concentration in the range 2×102–2×108 cellmL−1 with a detection limit of 2×102 cellmL−1. The effect of antibiotic drug Gentamycin Sulfate injection (GSI) on the growth of E. coli was also investigated.
In a neurofibromatosis type 1 murine model, treatment with lovastatin reversed cognitive disabilities. We report on a phase I study examining the safety and tolerability of lovastatin in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Twenty-four children with neurofibromatosis type 1 underwent a dose-escalation protocol for 3 months to identify the maximum tolerated dose and potential toxicity. Minimal side effects were evident, and no child experienced dose-limiting toxicity. Cognitive evaluations were completed before and after treatment, and the results suggested improvement in areas of verbal and nonverbal memory. Additional analyses, using reliable change indices, indicated improvements exceeding those of test-retest or practice effects in some participants. These observations may be analogous to the improvements observed in a neurofibromatosis type 1 murine model treated with lovastatin, although further study and replication are required. The safety and preliminary cognitive results support the need for a larger phase II trial in this population.
Battery fast charging is one of the most significant and difficult techniques that affects the acceptance of the electric vehicles. Due to the complex electrochemical reactions, fast recharge could affect the battery functionality and accelerate its aging processes. The accelerated aging process during fast charging can dramatically reduce cell lifetime, impact cell safety, and must be avoided. In this paper, we propose a health conscious fast charging framework with the aim of simultaneously reducing the charge duration and the battery degradation. This paper presents an electrolyte enhanced single particle model with degradation mechanisms. A multi-objective optimal control problem is formulated. Dynamic programming (DP) technique is employed to find the optimal charging strategies. Charging time and battery degradation are traded off and optimized. Strategies for fast charging (minimum time) and health conscious fast charging are examined and compared. Multiple experiments are carried out to compare the charge time and capacity fade between fast charging strategy, traditional CC/CV protocol, and health conscious fast charging strategy. The results demonstrate that the health conscious fast charging strategy is able to significantly reduce the charging time without sacrificing battery health.
Two lithium manganese oxides, Li1.03Mn1.96O4, with different surface areas of 3.55 and 0.68m2/g were prepared and their electrochemical properties were studied as positive electrodes for lithium ion batteries. Cycle performance tests gave capacity losses of 9 and 18% at 25°C, and 28 and 33% at 55°C for the samples with larger and smaller surface areas, respectively. The recovery of capacity losses have been found on the addition of the conductor after cycles. The defect of the conductivity between the active materials and the conductors was found mostly responsible for the capacity loss in the smaller surface sample at 25°C. Cycle performance tests in each region of the charge states divided into five regions show that larger capacity losses are observed in rather lower potential states. Storage performances show the largest capacity loss at 10 and 20% of SOC and the less capacity losses at both 0 and 50–100% of SOC in both of the samples. However, in every region, the capacity loss is much smaller in the larger surface sample than in the smaller surface sample. The maximum Mn dissolution is observed to occur at 100% of SOC (4.5V) and the next is found around 10–20% of SOC in either sample.
Sulfur deposited on a hollow polyaniline sphere was prepared through in situ synthesis and used to investigate the electrochemical properties of lithium/sulfur cells. The fabricated hPANIs@S composite presented an excellent reversible capacity of 601.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 170 mA g−1. The capacity increased with the cycle increase, especially at high charge/discharge current. For example, the capacity had only approximate 270 mAh g−1 after initial 121th cycle at 510 mA g−1, and the capacity steadily increased to 380 mAh g−1 after 180th cycle at similar current. These results indicated that cycle property improved compared with that of pure sulfur prepared through in situ synthesis under similar conditions. The enhanced cycle property of the hPANIs@S composite could be due to the homogeneous distribution of fine sulfur particles on the PANI surface, which stabilized the nanostructure of sulfur and enhanced its conductivity during charge/discharge cycles.
MoS2/carbon- based anode materials have recently been widely used as an anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, MoS2/carbon-based anode materials suffer from poor electrical conductivity and cycle performance which limit their application. Here, we present a novel MoS2 microsphere@ N-doped carbon composites as anode in LIBs. This unique core shell structure is composed of MoS2 microsphere and metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived N-doped carbon. N-doped carbon was highly dispersed and uniformly coated on the surface of MoS2 microspheres. The N-doped carbon derived from ZIF-8 can remarkably enhance the structure stability and thus effectively improve the cycle stability of MoS2. The MoS2 microsphere@ N-doped carbon composite electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 715mAh·g−1 at 100mA·g−1 after 50cycles with excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Meanwhile, higher content of N-doped carbon in MoS2 microsphere@ N-doped carbon composites is beneficial to their electrochemical performance.
Wireless Body Sensor Network (BSNs) are wearable sensors with varying sensing, storage, computation, and transmission capabilities. When data is obtained from multiple devices, multi-sensor fusion is desirable to transform potentially erroneous sensor data into high quality fused data. In this work, a data fusion enabled Ensemble approach is proposed to work with medical data obtained from BSNs in a fog computing environment. Daily activity data is obtained from a collection of sensors which is fused together to generate high quality activity data. The fused data is later input to an Ensemble classifier for early heart disease prediction. The ensembles are hosted in a Fog computing environment and the prediction computations are performed in a decentralised manners. The results from the individual nodes in the fog computing environment are then combined to produce a unified output. For the classification purpose, a novel kernel random forest ensemble is used that produces significantly better quality results than random forest. An extensive experimental study supports the applicability of the solution and the obtained results are promising, as we obtain 98% accuracy when the tree depth is equal to 15, number of estimators is 40, and 8 features are considered for the prediction task.
Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from poor utilization of active material and short cycle life due to the complicated multi-step reaction mechanisms. Herein, three conditional cycling methods, i.e. asymmetrical cycling, constant voltage (CV) discharge cycling, and partial cycling are designed in order to increase the cyclability of Li–S batteries. It is found that the solid deposition process that takes place during the lower plateau of discharge is the major limiting step for achieving high discharge capacity and cycle retention, and the cathode surface coverage can be deferred by applying an optimal discharge/charge rate and CV discharge cycling. The asymmetrical cycling renders a specific capacity of ca. 700 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles, 30% higher than that under symmetrical cycling, while applying a CV discharge cycling enables a full retention of target specific capacity of ca. 800 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles. The partial cycling with a low number of phase transformation steps and reduced surface coverage at the end of discharge/charge also enhances cyclability. This work paves the way for understanding and improving the cycling performance of Li–S batteries without increasing the cost of electrode design or changing the configuration of the cell.