batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Abstracts The restructuring of the electric supply industry has prompted the situation where customer is a critical business player. This has also made the maintaining of reliability and stability in the power system a monetarily crucial task. Self-resilient community grid is a realization of reliable and stable system at the customer's level as individual households with solar photovoltaics or other renewable system can sustain itself even if the power grid fails. In this paper, a novel DC community grid has been proposed which is capable of providing ancillary services to the main distribution grid. The proposed DC community grid consists of 100 houses with individual solar installation along with a centralized DC-wind turbine and EV charging stations. Load flow analysis was conducted on the community grid using DC power flow method. The individual homes were restructured into a novel hybrid AC/DC home grid which was proved experimentally to have better harmonic reduction, more power resilience and efficiency. A bidirectional three phase voltage source inverter is used for grid interconnection whenever there is an ancillary service request from the distribution system operator or there is a shortage of power within the community. Fault ride through capability of the community grid tied inverter was tested for line–line and three phase bolted fault which is a common interruption in the distribution network. The analysis was done using MATLAB/Simulink. This paper succeeded in establishing the feasibility of connecting individual homes into a community grid for better efficiency and distribution grid reliability.
A hybrid nanostructure comprising nickel oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanospheres (NiO/CNSs), synthesized via wet chemical process is demonstrated as high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors. The resulting structure exposes that NiO/CNSs electrode possesses irregularly shaped nanoparticles. The NiO/CNSs hybrid nanostructure gives a smaller contact angle of 7° for 6 M KOH electrolyte solution revealing better surface wettability, which enhances the transportation of electrolytic ions into the surface of the electrode material. Furthermore, oscillator strength of Raman active modes confirms the presence of disorder and lower degree of graphitization, which play an important role to improve the electrochemical performance. The NiO/CNSs electrode exhibits a high-specific capacitance of 1380 F g−1 at a current density of 4 A g−1 and long cycle life with 97% charge retention after 1000 cycles. These outcomes reveal that NiO/CNSs can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
The increase in energy demand and reduction in resources for conventional energy production along with various environmental impacts, promote the use of renewable energy for electricity generation and other energy-need applications around the world. Wind power has emerged as the biggest renewable energy source in the world, whose potential, when employed properly, serves to provide the best power output. In order to achieve self-sustenance in energy supply and to match the critical needs of impoverished and developing regions, wind power has proven to be the best solution. However, wind power is intermittent and unstable in nature and hence creates lot of grid integration and power fluctuation issues, which ultimately disturb the stability of the grid. In such cases, energy storage technologies are highly essential and researchers turned their attention to find efficient ways of storing energy to achieve maximum utilization. The use of batteries to store wind energy is very expensive and not practical for wind applications. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is found to be a viable solution to store energy generated from wind and other renewable energy systems. A detailed review on various aspects of a CAES system has been made and presented in this paper which includes the thermodynamic analysis, modeling and simulation analysis, experimental investigation, various control strategies, some case studies and economic evaluation with the role of energy storage towards smart grid and poly-generation.
Porous SnO2 microboxes with a high uniformity and well-defined non-spherical hollow structure are prepared via a selective leaching strategy using ZnSn(OH)6 microboxes as the starting material. The selective removal of Zn(II) species by an acid-washing process produces pure SnO2 microboxes with a porous shell. After further wrapping with an elastic carbon matrix, the resultant SnO2@C microboxes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Cu-Co Prussian Blue analogue (CuII 3[CoIII(CN)6]2)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Cu-Co PBA/MWCNTs) composite was synthesized for fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for detection of nitrite. The morphology and composition of the fabricated nanomaterial were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior and mechanism of the fabricated biosensor. Experimental results showed that Cu-Co PBA/MWCNTs/GCE had excellent electrochemical activity towards nitrite, which was superior to that of Cu-Co PBA and MWCNTs. Under the optimal conditions, a wide linear range from 10–400 μM and 400–2100 μM and a detection limit of 0.5 μM were obtained. Moreover, this sensor was employed to determine the concentration of nitrite in ham sausage and mustard samples, and showed excellent selectivity, good anti-interference, repeatability and satisfied recovery.
Li-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries are emergent next-generation energy storage devices due to their very high specific energy density (∼2567Whg−1) but are limited by polysulfide dissolution issues. In this work, chemically synthesized sulfur containing non-carbonized metal organic framework (S-MOF) cathodes show initial specific capacities of 1476mAhg−1 stabilizing at ∼609mAhg−1 with almost no fade for over 200 cycles. Post-cycled separators of the S – MOF cathodes display complete absence of polysulfides after cycle 1, 20 and 200, respectively. It was identified that the occurrence of carbonate species in the MOF structure resulted in the formation of C-S bonded species causing retention of polysulfide at the electrode surface ensuring long-term stability. However, this observed capacity drop during the first 10 cycles is attributed to the oxidation of some of the infiltrated sulfur by the MOF as determined by electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Nevertheless, the negligible fade rate (0.0014% cycle−1) and complete prevention of polysulfide dissolution renders these cathodes most promising candidates for Li-S batteries. Understanding of this transformation behavior in sulfur-containing MOF is essential to engineer chemically-bonded host-structures capable of efficient polysulfide trapping, a key pathway to establishing novel platforms for achieving high power Li – S batteries.
In this contribution, we provide a synthesis of results to date describing uptake and mass transport of water, vanadium species and protons in Nafion membranes for use as separators in VRFBs. Resistance issues as well as species cross-over are important contributors to performance loss in VRFBs. After a brief discussion of our state-of-the-art cell performance, we consider the uptake and transport of various species through a number of membrane materials. We draw together numerous previous studies and augment them with new data to provide a summary of our present state of understanding of the experimental facts regarding membrane behavior.
This present study applies qualitative research method to evaluate the entrepreneurial roles and leadership styles of Elon Musk in Tesla motors. The study places its focus on the general review of Elon Musk’s leadership and attempts to match the leadership traits with some traditional leadership approaches widely recognized in leadership theory. The study employs a structured observation technique assimilating numerous secondary sources with a view to analyzing Musk’s leadership traits in Tesla motor. The results unfold Musk’s leadership attributes and shows that they match more or less with all the traditional leadership approaches but the servant leadership approach. Additionally, the outcomes also demonstrate a new character (entrepreneurial leader) in Musk’s leadership. Finally, the study offers some recommends for Elon Musk to follow, such as the champion/corporate intrapreneur and the servant leadership approaches so that they add practical values in his leading trait. This study will be a guideline for the new entrepreneur and will provide some distinctive ways of improvement in existing entrepreneurship as well as for management literature.
On-chip energy storage is a rapidly evolving research topic, opening doors for the integration of batteries and supercapacitors at the microscale on rigid and flexible platforms. Recently, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (so-called MXenes) has shown great promise in electrochemical energy storage applications. Here, we report the fabrication of all-MXene (Ti3C2Tx) solid-state interdigital microsupercapacitors by employing a solution spray-coating method, followed by a photoresist-free direct laser cutting method. Our prototype devices consisted of two layers of Ti3C2Tx with two different flake sizes. The bottom layer was stacked large-size MXene flakes (lateral dimensions of 3–6 μm) serving mainly as current collectors. The top layer was made of small-size MXene flakes (∼1 μm) with a large number of defects and edges as the electroactive layer responsible for energy storage. Compared to Ti3C2Tx micro-supercapacitors with platinum current collectors, the all-MXene devices exhibited a much lower contact resistance, higher capacitances and better rate-capabilities. Areal and volumetric capacitances of ∼27 mF cm−2 and ∼357 F cm−3, respectively, at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1 were achieved. The devices also demonstrated excellent cyclic stability, with 100% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. This study opens up a plethora of possible designs for high-performance on-chip devices employing different chemistries, flake sizes and morphologies of MXenes and their heterostructures.
Developing highly cost-effective bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysts for renewable energy technologies (e.g. metal-air batteries and fuel cells) is highly desirable but remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate a novel composite of Co2P particles anchored in cobalt, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped graphene nanosheets (Co2P@CoNPG) prepared via supramolecular gel-assisted strategy. In virtue of the positive synergistic effect originating from the Co2P, Co-Nx active sites and N/P co-functionalized graphene in the composite, the optimized Co2P@CoNPG-900 exhibits superior bifunctional activities and strong durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution. The value of ΔE (bifunctional performance parameter) for Co2P@CoNPG-900 is only 0.92V. Compared to the noble metal-based catalysts, Co2P@CoNPG-900 has the obvious advantages in durability and bifunctional activities. The integration of Co2P and multielement co-doped graphene into a hybrid material is a new and promising strategy to design bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysts for renewable energy technologies.
The telecommunications industry is becoming increasingly conscious of energy consumption and the environmental footprint of its data centers. One energy-efficient approach, free air cooling, uses ambient air instead of air conditioning to cool data-center equipment. Free air cooling is being adopted in existing data centers with equipment that has not been designed or qualified for a free air cooling regime. Traditionally, product qualification is based on passing tests based on industry standards. The industry standards are assumed to conform to some expected environmental conditions. However, environmental conditions under free air cooling may go beyond those expected conditions. This paper identifies the performance and reliability risks associated with the implementation of free air cooling. A prognostics-based approach to assess and mitigate the risks of telecom equipment under free air cooling conditions is developed for risk mitigation. A case study is presented to demonstrate the implementation process of this approach.
The silicon film (6μm) was prepared by vacuum deposition method on a surface modified copper foil as anode for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity and long cycle life. The modified copper foil has a rough and pyramid-like surface which helps the deposited Si film to connect toughly. The deposited hill-like Si is favorable to reduce the mechanical stress coming from the volume expansion and shrinkage of active materials during lithiation and de-lithiation. Moreover, the Si film exists mostly in an amorphous state. After cycling, partial amorphous phase transforms into the polycrystalline Si grains, forming a combination of amorphous and crystalline structure. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) research indicate that the vacuum-deposited thick Si film has a good reversibility of lithiation/de-lithiation. As a consequence, the thick Si film exhibits an excellent cycling performance with high reversible capacity.
Allyl tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (ATFEC) was synthesized as a bi-functional additive of flame retardant and film former in electrolytes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The flame retardancy of the additive was characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and self-extinguishing time (SET). It is shown that adding 1vol.% ATFEC in 1M LiPF6/propylene carbonate (PC) can effectively enhance the thermal stability of the electrolyte and suppress the co-intercalation of PC into the graphitic anode. Further evaluation indicates that the additive hardly affect the conductivity of electrolyte. These support the feasibility of using ATFEC as an additive on formulating an electrolyte with multiple functions such as film-forming enhancement, high thermal stability and high ionic conductivity.
The indium- and sulfur-doped LiMnO2 samples with orthorhombic structure as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries are synthesized via hydrothermal method. The microstructure and composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It is shown that these samples with the orthorhombic structure have irregular shapes with a grain size of about 100–200nm. The electrochemical performance of these samples as cathode materials was studied by galvanostatic method. All doped materials can offer improved cycling stability and high rate discharge ability as compared with the un-doped Li0.99MnO2. Moreover, dual In/S doping can slow down the capacity decay to a great extent, although the transformation to spinel occurs undesirably for all the doped samples during electrochemical cycling.
The internal distributed physicochemical characteristics of a battery significantly affect its performance. However, these properties are difficult to measure experimentally. This study presents a validated three-dimensional (3D) battery model covering the conservation of charge, mass, and energy and the electrochemical reaction of a laminated 10 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery. Using this 3D battery model, the space and time distributions of the internal physicochemical properties of the battery are investigated. The results indicate that the maximum gradients of the properties are at the transition region between the tabs and electrode plates. Thus, the tabs in a battery should be reasonably designed. For this LiFePO4/Graphite battery, anode plays a more important role than cathode in the overall overpotential and is likely to be crucial in the sharp decrease of output voltage at the later discharge process. And a higher battery capacity can be obtained by increasing the amount of anode material.
The dendrite-free cathodic deposition of lithium on an aluminium substrate and its anodic stripping are found to occur reversibly within ±0.1V versus Li/Li+ in an aprotic electrolyte. It is possible to envisage a novel route to realise rechargeable Li (Al)–LiCoO2 and Li (Al)–LiMn2O4 cells. Several rechargeable Li (Al)–LiCoO2 and Li (Al)–LiMn2O4 cells of varying capacities up to 65mAh have been assembled in-house, and evaluated at different charge–discharge rates as well as at various temperatures. Consistent capacity values are obtained with these rechargeable cells over about 50 cycles.
Manganite (MnOOH) is one of the most effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and RuO2 nanoparticles exhibit high activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We herein report a facile means of producing well dispersed RuO2/MnOOH on Ketjen black (RuO2/MnOOH/C) as a bifunctional catalyst for lithium-air (Li-air) batteries. RuO2/MnOOH/C was simply synthesized using a hydrothermal/precipitation based method, and was used as a cathode for a Li-air battery using a Swagelok-type cell. The importance of dispersing active catalysts on a carbon support was clearly demonstrated by textural, charge-discharge voltammetric, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analyses, comparing results with a catalyst produced by physically mixing RuO2/MnOOH with carbon (RuO2/MnOOH + C). RuO2/MnOOH/C showed low overpotential and stable cycleability up to 170th cycles with 1000 mAh g−1 of charge–discharge capacity, which was attributed to its enhanced active surface area and low charge-transfer resistance. The results obtained suggest that this strategy can be widely applied to bifunctional electrocatalysis, such as secondary batteries and regenerative fuel cell (RFC).
Traditional neuropsychological tests of visual and verbal memory have been used to evaluate memory deficits in schizophrenia. However, these tests cannot be used in non-human animal research, which is important for the discovery of treatments that will improve cognition and for study of the etiology of schizophrenia. To help bridge the gap between human and non-human animal research on hippocampal function in schizophrenia, this study sought to characterize the behavioral performance exhibited by patients using the Morris water task (MWT). The MWT has been shown in human and non-human animal studies to be hippocampus-dependent. In the virtual MWT, human subjects navigate a computer-generated on-screen environment to escape from the “water” by locating a platform. Patients with schizophrenia and controls performed two versions of the virtual MWT: a hippocampal-dependent hidden-platform version, relying on allocentric navigational abilities, and a non-hippocampal-dependent visible-platform version, relying on cued-navigational abilities. Patients traveled further and took longer to find the hidden platform over training blocks and spent less time in the correct quadrant during a probe trial. There was no deficit in the visible-platform condition. These findings identify a behavioral impairment on a hippocampal-dependent task in schizophrenia and support using the MWT in testing animal models of schizophrenia.
The spinel phases of Li1.05RE x Cr y Mn2−x−y O4 (RE=Sc, Ce, Pr, Tb; 0≤ x ≤0.05; 0≤ y ≤0.1) were prepared by a soft chemical method. The structural and electrochemical properties of Li1.05RE x Cr y Mn2−x−y O4 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and charge–discharge experiments. Rare earth element-Sc and transition metal-Cr as co-substituents stabilize the spinel framework and improve charge–discharge performance. For Li1.05Sc0.01Cr0.03Mn1.96O4, the capacity of the cell maintained 95% of the initial capacity at the 80th cycle. The rare earth elements of the variable valent metals such as Ce3+/4+, Pr3+/4+, Tb3+/4+ with transition metal Cr3+ as co-substituent do not stable framework of spinel or improve the cycling performance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) were measured to provide clues for the improved cycling performance of cathode electrodes.
The thermal design of weatherproof power supply system has been evaluated by experiments and simulation. Nickel-metal hydride batteries developed for stationary use were employed in the system due to their high charge/discharge performance in high-temperature environments. As the weatherproof power supply system has a sealed cabinet, we evaluated the temperature characteristics of the battery in a 40°C environment. In order to predict the temperature of the power system, it was necessary to obtain the rate of heat generation from the battery. For this purpose, we developed an estimation method in which the measured temperature of the battery is approximated as a function of cubic spline interpolation. The temperatures of critical items mounted in the system were calculated on the basis of the experimental results. This paper describes the procedure for estimating the heat generation rate of the battery and the temperature of the system. Our results show that the weatherproof power system is useful for operation in high-temperature environments.
Two neutral ionophores, 2,12-dimethyl-7,17-diphenyltetrapyrazole (I) and 5,11-dibromo-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene (II) have been explored for preparing PVC based membrane sensors selective to Pb2+. The addition of sodium tetraphenylborate and various plasticizers viz. DOS, TEHP, DBP, DOP and TBP has been found to substantially improve the performance (working concentration range, slope and response time) of the sensors. The best performance was obtained with the sensor having a membrane of composition (w/w) of (I) (1%):PVC (33%):TBP (65%):NaTPB (1%). The sensor exhibits Nernstian response in the concentration range 2.5×10−6 to 5.0×10−2 M Pb2+, performs satisfactorily over wide pH range (1.6–6.0) with a fast response time (∼10s). The sensor was found to work satisfactorily in partially non-aqueous media up to 25% (v/v) content of acetone, methanol or ethanol and could be used over a period of 5 months. Potentiometric selectivity coefficients as determined by match potential method (MPM) indicate excellent selectivity for Pb2+ ions. The sensors could be used successfully in the estimation of lead in Eveready battery waste and also as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration.
The electrochemical impedance spectra of MgMnCO3 LDH films oxidized at different dc potentials were recorded. The results were fitted to a Randles type cell by replacing the Warburg impedance with a mass transfer resistance in parallel with a constant phase element. The films charge transfer resistances decreased dramatically at the onset of manganese oxidation. In thin films, R ct decreased from 104 Ω for an un-oxidized film to a minimum of 40Ω in a film oxidized at 0.32V, before increasing back to 104 Ω in a film oxidized at 0.5V. Iodometry measurements show these changes correspond to increases in the manganese average valence in the films from 3.09+ prior to oxidation, to 3.80+ at 0.32V and 3.95+ at 0.5V. In thicker films, however, a much higher dc potential, 1.0V, was required to return R ct to 104 Ω. There was also less change in the manganese average valence in the thicker films. Oxidation at 1.0V only increased the manganese valence to 3.33+. For the partially oxidized films, the Nyquist plots consisted of depressed semicircles at high frequency, followed by linear regions at lower frequency where the impedance was controlled by mass transport. The effective diffusion coefficient estimated from the low frequency impedance was 1×10−9 cm2 s−1, consistent with proton diffusion in solid electrodes. The impedance spectrum of a partially oxidized film reduced at −0.2V was similar to that of the un-oxidized film.