batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The use of comet assay is not new in the evaluation of genotoxic potential of different agents; however, its broad use in product safety for regulatory testing is a relatively new approach. The present study was aimed to integrate genotoxicity tests (micronucleus and comet assay) in 28days repeated dose oral toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) in mice. MTX was administered at the dose of 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg per oral repeatedly for 28days in mice. The endpoints of evaluation for routine toxicity testing included body weight, organ weight, food intake, water intake, hematology and histology, while for the genotoxicity testing micronucleus and comet assay were used. There were no significant changes in food intake, water intake and organ weight; however, the body weight significantly decreased at the highest dose of MTX treatment as compared to control group. Histological data revealed the morphological alterations in the liver and lung cells at the highest dose of MTX treatment. Micronucleus assay results indicated that the highest dose of MTX led to significant increase in MNERTs/1000ERTs (P <0.001) as compared to control group. Further, percentage of reticulocytes (% RETs) was significantly decreased at the highest dose of MTX as compared to control group. Comet assay results indicate significant DNA damage in different organs induced by MTX as compared to control group. The results of the present study successfully demonstrates the integration of genotoxicity tests using comet and micronucleus assay in 28days repeated dose oral toxicity test. Integration of genotoxicity test with routine toxicity test would reduce the cost of additional animals, test item and provide further information at an early stage of product development.
In terms of the unique features of good suspensibility in water, superior absorbability, adhensivity, cation exchangeability and rapid ion diffusion channels, lithium magnesium silicate (LMSO) might be an appropriate modifier for Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) by simply forming coating on LTO particles. According to a series of comparative experiments performed under various conditions, when the mixture of LTO and LMSO was roasted at 700 °C to form LMSO-coated LTO, the rate properties were significantly boosted (attaining cycling capacities of 160.2, 157.8, 155.8, 151.3 and 145.5 mAh g−1 with multiplying current density from 0.1 to 1.6 A g−1). Upon cycling at 0.5 A g−1 for 900 cycles, a capacity of 140.6 mAh g−1 was maintained. Compared to the pristine LTO, the markedly boosted rate properties and cyclability are ascribed to the LMSO coating for suppressing grain aggregation and growth, the optimized Li+ and electron transfer in electrolyte by interacting with LMSO, the enhanced electronic conductivity of LTO resulted from superficial co-doping of Mg2+ and Si4+, the meliorated ionic conductivity associating with the Li+ diffusion channels and cation exchangeability of LMSO, as well as the diminished polarization after the modification by LMSO.
Concentrating solar power with thermal storage offers dispatchable renewable power but has enjoyed less support than photovoltaics. This study of global concentrating solar power projects finds a learning rate of 20%, which should be sustained if policy support and industrial development continue.
Li-site, Fe-site and P-site substituted LiFePO4 phosphoolivines were synthesized and examined in terms of crystal structure, electrical conductivity, charge–discharge performance in Li/Li+/LiFePO4-type cells, as well as chemical stability against the LiPF6-EC–DEC electrolyte. Despite possible improvement of electrical conductivity of the substituted phosphoolivines, it seems that the optimization of morphology and reduction of grain size is the most efficient way of improvement of electrochemical performance of LiFePO4, while chemical stability of the substituted materials remains high.
Since porous materials often function as adsorbents, this study chose to investigate the adsorption of heavy metals by geopolymers. The geopolymer was made by condensing a mixture of metakaolin and alkali solution at a fixed ratio at room temperature and then pre-crashed to a fixed-radius size. This paper examined the adsorption efficiency of the geopolymer for different heavy metals (i.e., Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Cd2+) in aqueous solutions under discrete experimental parameters. The experimental results verified that the geopolymer could adsorb heavy metals. Of the metals tested, optimal adsorption with the implementation of the geopolymer occurred with Pb2+. The data fit both the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir equations. This discovery may facilitate the development of optimized procedures for wastewater treatment, thus providing an alternative solution to environmental damages caused by heavy metal pollutants.
The current study examined to what extent information in long-term memory concerning the distribution of phoneme clusters in a language, so-called long-term phonotactic knowledge, increased the capacity of verbal short-term memory in young language learners and, through increased verbal short-term memory capacity, supported these children’s first and second language vocabulary acquisition. Participants were 67 monolingual Dutch and 60 bilingual Turkish–Dutch 4-year-olds. The superior recall of nonwords with high phonotactic probability compared with nonwords with low phonotactic probability indicated that phonotactic knowledge was supportive for verbal short-term recall in both languages. The extent of this support depended on prior experiences with the language: The Turkish–Dutch children showed a greater phonotactic probability effect in their native language Turkish compared with their Dutch peers, and the monolingual Dutch children outperformed the bilingual Turkish–Dutch children in their native language Dutch. Regression analyses showed that phonotactic knowledge, indicated by the difference in recall of nonwords with high versus low phonotactic probability, was an important predictor of vocabulary in both languages.
A solar thermal water heating system using a custom-built latent heat storage tank with paraffin wax, puretemp68 and stearic acid/palmitic acid eutectic mixture based phase-change materials was designed, developed and its performance evaluated in real-time. The fully autonomous off-grid solar thermal water heating system was packaged by integrating solar thermal collector, phase change material tank, photovoltaic modules, operational controller, circulation pumps and battery, along with a data logger. A water-glycol with anti-freeze characteristics with efficient energy storage in cold weather was employed as heat transfer fluid for solar thermal energy harvesting for charging and discharging of phase change materials to heat the water tank. Solar charge-discharge and water charging results with phase change materials during May to October 2018 (Mesa, AZ 85212, USA) showed that the stearic acid/palmitic acid eutectic mixture outperformed the paraffin wax and exhibited comparable performance with puretemp68 storage system. The efficiency of water charging from stearic acid/palmitic acid (55%) is higher compared to that from paraffin wax (20%) and better than puretemp68 (45%). Even though, the paraffin wax melts quickly during charging, it exhibited super-cooling behavior during discharging, leading to incomplete discharge. The storage energy density of stearic acid/palmitic acid (∼0.48 MJ kg−1) is comparable to puretemp68 with uniform thermal energy distribution inside the storage container due to higher thermal conductivity and lower melting point. The solar thermal water heating system demonstration proved that the domestic hot water system using stearic acid/palmitic acid could be a practical solution for effectively harvesting solar thermal energy for rural areas.
Deficits in short-term memory are common in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but their current ADHD symptoms cannot well predict their short-term performance. Taking a developmental perspective, we wanted to clarify the association between ADHD symptoms at early childhood and short-term memory in late childhood and adolescence. The participants included 401 patients with a clinical diagnosis of DSM-IV ADHD, 213 siblings, and 176 unaffected controls aged 8–17 years (mean age, 12.02±2.24). All participants and their mothers were interviewed using the Chinese Kiddie Epidemiologic version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia to obtain information about ADHD symptoms and other psychiatric disorders retrospectively, at an earlier age first, then currently. The participants were assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 3rd edition, including Digit Span, and the Spatial working memory task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Multi-level regression models were used for data analysis. Although crude analyses revealed that inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms significantly predicted deficits in short-term memory, only inattention symptoms had significant effects (all p <0.001) in a model that included all three ADHD symptoms. After further controlling for comorbidity, age of assessment, treatment with methylphenidate, and Full-scale IQ, the severity of childhood inattention symptoms was still significantly associated with worse verbal (p =0.008) and spatial (p ranging from 0.017 to 0.002) short-term memory at the current assessment. Therefore, our findings suggest that earlier inattention symptoms are associated with impaired verbal and visuo-spatial short-term memory at a later development stage. Impaired short-term memory in adolescence can be detected earlier by screening for the severity of inattention in childhood.
The aging and performance of natural graphite/PEO-based gel electrolyte/LiFePO4 cells are reported. The gel polymer electrolytes were produced by electron-beam irradiation and then soaked in a liquid electrolyte. The natural graphite anode in gel electrolyte containing LiBF4-EC/GBL exhibited high reversible capacity (345mAh/g) and high coulombic efficiency (91%). The LiFePO4 cathode in the same gel-polymer exhibited a reversible capacity of 160mAh/g and 93% coulombic efficiency. Better performance was obtained at high-rate discharge with 6% carbon additive in the cathode, however the graphite anode performance suffers at high rate. The Li-ion gel polymer battery shows a capacity fade of 13% after 180 cycles and has poor performance at low temperature due to low diffusion of the lithium to the graphite in the GBL system. The LiFePO4/gel/Li system has an excellent rate capacity. LiFePO4 cathode material is suitable for HEV application.
Background The ingestion or insertion of alkaline batteries in the body can cause severe damage to hollow organs. We report here a case of severe vaginal burns in a young patient caused by an alkaline battery. Case A 5-year-old girl presented to our outpatient department with pelvic pain and vaginal discharge. Further workup suggested the presence of a vaginal foreign body. Under general anesthesia, an alkaline battery was removed from her vagina, which showed severe burns with partial-thickness necrosis. Complete healing was confirmed at 3 months after initial presentation. Conclusions In this rare case of an alkaline battery present in the vagina of a prepubescent girl, we discuss the available treatment and management options in comparison to similar previously reported cases.
Arterial baroreceptors are mechanosensitive sensory nerve endings in the walls of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch that buffer the increases and decreases in arterial blood pressure. Electrical field stimulation of the carotid sinus, known as carotid baroreflex activation therapy, holds promise as a novel device-based intervention to supplement, but not replace, drug therapy for patients with resistant hypertension. Acute electrical field stimulation of even one carotid sinus can cause a sufficiently large reflex decrease in blood pressure to overcome offsetting reflexes from the contralateral carotid baroreceptors and aortic baroreceptors that are not paced. However, the initial phase III Rheos Pivotal Trial on continuous carotid baroreceptor pacing for resistant hypertension with the first-generation baroreceptor pacemaker yielded equivocal data on efficacy and adverse effects due to facial nerve injury during surgical implantation. A miniaturized second-generation pacing electrode has seemingly overcome the safety issue, and early results with the new device suggest efficacy of unilateral carotid sinus stimulation in heart failure. A phase III trial of this new device for resistant hypertension has been registered.
In this paper, we report on the preparation of Li2FeSiO4, sintered Li2FeSiO4, and Li2FeSiO4-C composite with spindle-like morphologies and their application as cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries. Spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 as the iron source. The spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 was sintered at 600 °C for 6 h in Ar atmosphere. Li2FeSiO4-C composite was obtained by the hydrothermal treatment of spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 in glucose solution at 190 C for 3 h. Electrochemical measurements show that after carbon coating, the electrode performances such as discharge capacity and high-rate capability are greatly enhanced. In particular, Li2FeSiO4-C with carbon content of 7.21 wt% delivers the discharge capacities of 160.9 mAh·g−1 at room temperature and 213 mAh·g−1 at 45 °C (0.1 C), revealing the potential application in lithium-ion batteries.
Nanostructured Zn–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been successfully assembled to form LDH/CNT composite by electrostatic force. The morphology and microstructure of LDH/CNT composites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The assembly mechanism of LDH with CNTs was also discussed. Furthermore, the unique three-dimensional composite thus prepared was used as a new anode material for Ni–Zn secondary batteries to enhance the cell performance for the first time. The electrochemical performances of LDH/CNT composite as anode active material for Ni–Zn cells were investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling and cyclic voltammogram. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the LDH/CNT composite had superior cycle stability compared with the conventional ZnO and Zn–Al–LDH, and the discharge capacity could maintain 390mAhg−1 after 200 cycling tests. At the same time, the LDH/CNT composite also exhibited lower charge plateau voltage and higher discharge plateau voltage, and the average utilization ratio of the anode could reach 95.6%. These results indicated that this kind of composite is a promising anode material for Ni/Zn cells. It exhibits a high capacity (∼400mAhg−1) and high cycling stability.
Dicyanoketene ethylene and propylene acetals, DCKEA and DCKPA respectively, have been investigated as electrolyte additives for Li-ion batteries. The purpose was to assess the changes in reduction behaviour and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) passivation properties upon replacing the carbonyl group of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) solvents, respectively, by the slightly more electronegative and highly conjugated C(CN)2 group. The experimental reduction potentials and the IR spectroscopy characterisation efforts were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) computations. The two additives were found to, in relatively small amount (0.5 wt%), provide beneficial effects on the capacity retention of 8 mAh cells cycled at 20 and 45 °C. Moreover, the additives proved to enhance the thermal stability of the lithiated graphite/electrolyte interface, as deduced from DSC measurements.
Primary CNS lymphoma, an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that invades the nervous system, accounts for around 3% of all primary brain tumors. In this Review, Hochberg et al. highlight recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of primary CNS lymphoma, and they discuss current approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of this condition.
Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of lucidone, a phytocompound isolated from the fruits of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute systemic inflammation in mice. Male ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (5µg/kg), and the effects of pretreatment with various concentrations of lucidone (50–200mg/kg) for 12h on the formation of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were analyzed. Lucidone inhibited the production of NO, PGE2 and TNF-α production in LPS-induced mice, and also induced mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2). The two common response elements of the iNOS and COX-2 genes are nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding were inhibited by lucidone in the LPS-induced mice. Moreover, lucidone decreased the expression and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein thereby causing the subsequent inhibition of AP-1 activity. Finally, our results indicated that lucidone was able to block mitogen-activated protein kinases activity and its downstream signaling activation of NF-κB and AP-1. We thus conclude that lucidone exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in mice by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and their related signaling pathways.
Modeling PV materials for light intensity and two spectra, for indoor PV Monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells for stable low-power modules Nondestructive diagnostics of solar cells by modulated optical beam-induced PV signal
The spinel Li4Ti5O12, a stable phase of the Li2O–TiO2 system, allows to insert three Li atoms per formula unit at a potential of 1.5V on the basis of a spinel ↔ NaCl phase transition. This mechanism leads to a reduction of three Ti(IV) atoms out of five, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 175mAh/g. The influence of structural defaults on the spinel → NaCl phase transition and its reversibility during charge/discharge cycles have been studied. Solid solutions formed from chemical insertion of lithium or substitutions Ti/V, Ti/Mn, Ti/Fe modify the cation distribution on the crystallographic sites (tetrahedral 8a, octahedral 16d, space group Fd3m) and influence the electrochemical performances. A structural analysis by X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray absorption, 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and first principle calculations have allowed to establish a relationship between the structure and the electrochemical properties.
Flexible supercapacitor (FSC), thanks to light weight, efficient power delivery and high safety, holds great potential in potable/wearable electronics, whose development would be accelerated by ideal electrode materials. Herein, we report a flexible binder-free electrode composed of polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber-lapped arrays in-situ grown on the molecular-modified carbon cloth (fCC) by a facile one-spot protocol. After optimization, PANI/fCC-2 electrode affords a high specific capacitance of 517.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, benefited from highly pseudocapacitive PANI and open channels favorable for rapid ion/electron transfer. Using this novel electrode, flexible quasi-solid-state SC with PVA/H2SO4 gel electrolyte displays a high energy density of 9.03 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 82.9 W kg−1 and is retained at 6.11 Wh kg−1 at 2784.3 W kg−1, with excellent rate capability (97.4% capacitance retention from 0.5 to 20 A g−1) and good cycling stability (79.5% retention over 10,000 cycles). Besides, such four devices in series can light up a light-emitting diode (LED) indicator as a proof of concept in real applications. Our research would provide a promising avenue to develop flexible integrated electrode for next-generation high-performance devices.
Accelerated degradation testing is commonly used as the basis to characterize battery cell performance over a range of stress conditions (e.g., temperatures). Performance is measured by some response that is assumed to be related to the state of health of the cell (e.g., discharge resistance). Often, the ultimate goal of such testing is to predict cell life at some reference stress condition, where cell life is defined to be the point in time where performance has degraded to some critical level. These predictions are based on a degradation model that expresses the expected performance level versus the time and conditions under which a cell has been aged. Usually, the degradation model relates the accumulated degradation to the time at a constant stress level. The purpose of this article is to present an alternative framework for constructing a degradation model that focuses on the degradation rate rather than the accumulated degradation. One benefit of this alternative approach is that prediction of cell life is greatly facilitated in situations where the temperature exposure is not isothermal. This alternative modeling framework is illustrated via a family of rate-based models and experimental data acquired during calendar-life testing of high-power lithium-ion cells.
This 3-year longitudinal study determined whether (a) subgroups of children with reading disabilities (RD) (children with RD only, children with both reading and arithmetic deficits, and low verbal IQ readers) and skilled readers varied in working memory (WM) and short-term memory (STM) growth and (b) whether growth in an executive system and/or a phonological storage system mediated growth in reading performance. A battery of memory and reading measures was administered to 84 children (11–17years of age) across three testing waves spaced 1year apart. The results showed that skilled readers yielded higher WM growth estimates than did the RD groups. No significant differentiation among subgroups of children with RD on growth measures emerged. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that WM (controlled attention), rather than STM (phonological loop), was related to growth in reading comprehension and reading fluency. The results support the notion that deficient growth in the executive component of WM underlies RD.
In this paper, we report a low-temperature solution method to deposit thio-LISICON, Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4, thin film. The low-temperature solution-processed Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 film shows a lithium-ion conductivity of 1.82 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C, an activation energy of 0.42 eV, and a lithium-ion transference number of >0.999, which might be applicable in thin film all solid state lithium-ion batteries.
Free standing zinc oxide (ZnO) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite materials are prepared by a sol gel technique giving a new high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries. Free-standing ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposite anodes with two different chelating agent additives, triethanolamine (TEA) and glycerin (GLY), yield different electrochemical performances. Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal the produced anode electrodes exhibit a unique structure of ZnO coating on the MWCNT surfaces. Li-ion cell assembly using a ZnO/MWCNT/GLY free-standing anode and Li metal cathode possesses the best discharge capacity, remaining as high as 460 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. This core–shell structured anode can offer increased energy storage and performance over conventional anodes in Li-ion batteries.