batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The routine access to electricity always means a drastic change in terms of quality of life making it easier and safer. Consequently, the global electric demand both on and off-the-grid is growing and calls for ongoing innovation to promote reliable, clean and safe power supplies. In this context, the development of new chemistries for batteries and fuel cells could play a critical role. From our prospects aiming at fostering the concept of sustainable organic batteries, we report in this article on the peculiar properties of dilithium (2,5-dilithium-oxy)-terephthalate salt, a novel redox-active material. Based on an oriented retrosynthetic analysis, we have succeeded in elaborating this organic electrode material through an original and low-polluting synthesis scheme, which includes both chemical and biochemical CO2 sequestration in conjunction with a closed-loop solution for recycling products. Beyond its remarkable electrochemical performance vs. Li, especially as a lithiated cathode material, this compound behaves also like an oxygen scavenger. This dual electrochemical/chemical reactivity makes the self-recharging of a Li cell based on this organic salt possible by opening it to air ensuring an electrical power reserve when a conventional electrical recharge is not possible. In such a case, the pristine rechargeable Li–organic battery operates as a sort of “Li/O2 fuel cell”.
The properties of interfaces of water-stable lithium electrode have been investigated by EIS in Li–air batteries and four-electrode test-cells. The water-stable lithium electrode was prepared with the protection of NASICON-type glass–ceramic plate [0.8Li2O·0.25Al2O3·1.5GeO2·1.5P2O5 glass–ceramic (LAGP)]. The glass–ceramic plates are water-stable and 200–500μm thick with ion-conductivity of 4×10−4 Scm−1. In Li–air batteries, the AC impedance spectra of LAGP protected lithium electrode contained two semicircles and became three after one week. The composition of impedance of LAGP protected lithium electrode was analyzed, by comparison on the impedance spectra of LAGP protected lithium electrode and bare Li metal electrode in organic electrolyte. Furthermore, in four-electrode test-cell which excluded the LAGP|aqueous-solution interface, the interface impedance of LAGP plate was analyzed. And then by the analysis of impedance, the Li|organic-electrolyte interface caused the main impedance of the water-stable lithium electrode during the discharge. The impedance of water-stable lithium electrode should be decreased by the study of new electrolyte and interface modification.
Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA based gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) containing immobilized lithium bis(oxalato)borate, C4BO8Li or LiBOB dissolved in a propylene carbonate–ethylene carbonate binary solvent were prepared by heating the cast solution between 70 and 80°C for 20min. The electrolyte composition with 5wt.% PMMA exhibited the highest conductivity of 3.27 and 7.46mScm−1 at 298 and 343K respectively. Cyclic voltammetry studies on the GPE containing 15wt.% PMMA and 85wt.% (0.6M LiBOB) dissolved in equal weight of ethylene and propylene carbonates showed that the electrochemical potential stability window of the electrolyte lies in the range between −1.7 to +1.7V. Linear sweep voltammetry indicates the gel polymer electrolyte is stable up to 1.7V. The electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) using the highest conducting GPE and activated carbon derived from shells of the mata kucing (Dimocarpus longan) fruit has capacitance of ∼685mFg−1 on the first cycle. The EDLC performance was also characterized using cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge processes at constant current.
This paper puts forward an energy planning approach which offers a daily optimum management of a household photovoltaic panel generation (PVG) without using storage equipment. The approach considers the PVG of the last 10days to estimate the one of the next day, using a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm. The estimated PVG is planned according to the consumer’s needs so as to use the maximum of the generated energy. The algorithm decides by means of fuzzy rules the connection times of appliances, having different powers, to the photovoltaic panel (PVP) output during the day. The decision is made on the basis of optimization criteria with respect to different user operation modes. The approach is validated on a 260Wp PVP and a set of four appliances of 30W, 40W, 60W and 75W. The system is installed at the National Engineering School, University of Sfax (ENIS) – Tunisia. The daily energetic assessment confirms that the PVG planning makes use of the estimated available energy in between 70% and 80%.
Cobalt oxide nanostructures have been successfully grown on nickel foam by a facile polymer-assisted chemical solution method for lithium-ion battery anodes. The carbon left from the decomposition of polymers is an effective binder between the metal oxides and nickel foam. As compared to the metal oxide powder prepared in a conventional way by using polymer binder and carbon black, these one-step direct growth electrodes showed much better Li storage properties with high capacities, stable cyclability, and rate capability: Co3O4 on nickel foam gave a capacity of 900 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and 600 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1. The good performances of these electrodes could be attributed to intimate contact between the active material and nickel foam, the porosity of the current collector, and the network structure of the active materials. This general method could also be applied to other transition metal oxides.
Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 amorphous and single icosahedral quasicrystalline powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing at 855K. Microstructure and electrochemical properties of two alloy electrodes were characterized. When the temperature was enhanced from 303 to 343K, the maximum discharge capacities increased from 86 to 329mAhg−1 and 76 to 312mAhg−1 for the amorphous and quasicrystalline alloy electrodes, respectively. Discharge capacities of two electrodes decrease distinctly with increasing cycle number. The I-phase is stable during charge/discharge cycles, and the main factors for its discharge capacity loss are the increase of the charge-transfer resistance and the pulverization of alloy particles. Besides the factors mentioned above, the formation of TiH2 and ZrH2 hydrides is another primary reason for the discharge capacity loss of the amorphous alloy electrode.
Providing power to rural communities, which are far from the grid and suffer from lack of energy access in Africa, especially in Benin, in a sustainable manner requires the adoption of appropriate technology. This paper aims at analysing the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for sustainable rural electrification in Benin, using a case study of Fouay village. HOMER software is used to perform optimization, simulation and sensitivity analysis. The analysis showed that hybrid solar photovoltaics (PV)/diesel generator (DG)/battery (of 150 kW/62.5 kVA/637 kWh) is the least cost optimal system. This system ensures a reliable power supply, reduces battery requirements by 70% compared to PV/battery system and achieves 97% CO2 emissions reduction compared to a conventional DG. Moreover, the study demonstrated that the most economical HRES depends strongly on the potential energy sources available at a location and power plant's remoteness from the beneficiary. In summary, as solar radiation is an abundant resource across the country, this hybrid PV/DG/battery system can be a suitable model to power remote areas in Benin, and we recommend it for future electrification projects in the country in place of the current widely deployed PV/battery system.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-tester reliability of the movement assessment battery for children – second edition (MABC-2), ageband 2. We wanted to analyze the collected data, with adequate statistical methods, to provide relevant recommendations for physical therapists who are interpreting changes in the context of daily clinical practice. Forty-five healthy children, 23 girls and 22 boys with a mean age of 8.7±0.7 years, participated in the study, the inter-tester procedures were performed the same day and the intra-tester procedures within a one to two week interval. The statistical methods used were intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC). The children had no failed items during the tests. The ICC values ranged from 0.23 to 0.76. The items “treading lace” and “one-board balance” showed the highest measurement errors both for the intra- and inter-rater reliability. The SDC90% values were 9.7 and 18.5 for the intra- and inter-rater reliability, respectively. The present study showed high intra- and inter-rater chance variation MABC-2, ageband 2. A change of more than ±9.7 and ±18.5 on the total test score (TTS) should be required to state (with a 90% confidence) that a real change in a single individual has occurred, for intra- and inter-rater testing, respectively. These findings may indicate that the MABC-2 might be more suitable for diagnostic or clinical decision making purposes, than for evaluation of change over time.
The overall aim of the present study was to investigate ADHD symptoms in relation to attachment representations. We used both attachment- and non-attachment-related story stems, which allowed us to investigate whether problems with narrative production can explain the relation between ADHD symptoms and attachment representations. We also investigated the role of cognitive deficits and conduct problems in these relations. The sample consisted of 89 children (27 % girls) between 6 and 10 years old, with an oversampling of children with high levels of ADHD symptoms. ADHD symptoms and conduct problems were rated by parents and teachers. Cognitive functioning was investigated using laboratory tests of inhibition, working memory and sustained attention. Attachment representations were coded as secure, organized insecure and disorganized categories. Narrative responses to non-attachment-related story stems were coded for incoherence and negative content. Results showed that children in the disorganized attachment category had significantly higher levels of ADHD symptoms compared to those in the secure category. Both ADHD symptoms and disorganized attachment were related to incoherence and negative content. Attachment representations were not associated with ADHD symptoms when controlling for negative content in response to non-attachment-related story stems. These results suggest that the associations between attachment security and ADHD are yet to be fully understood. Importantly, a propensity to envisage negative events seems to characterize children with high levels of ADHD symptoms.
A new form of nanofibre web electrode has been fabricated for a supercapacitor using electrospun polybenzimidazol (PBI)-based activated carbon nanofibres. A PBI solution in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) is electrospun to a fibre web that consists of 250nm ultra-fine fibres. The web is successfully activated by steam of 30vol.% and the specific surface area of the activated web is in the range of 500–1220m2 g−1. The electrochemical properties of electrodes and the capacitive behaviour of the resulting capacitors are systematically studied using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance and constant-current discharge tests. The specific capacitance ranges from 35 to 202Fg−1, depending on the activation temperature. The nanofibre web activated at 800°C exhibits the largest specific surface area and results in the highest capacitance. The capacitance of the electrical double-layer capacitor is strongly dependent on the specific surface area, pore volume, and resistivity of the samples.
The inclusion of renewable technologies as auxiliary power sources in mobile computing platforms can lead to improved performance such as the extension of battery life. This paper presents sustainable power management characteristics and performance enhancement opportunities in mobile computing systems resulting from the integration of thermoelectric generators and photovoltaic units. Thermoelectric generators are employed for scavenging waste heat from processors or other significant components in the computer's chipset while the integration of photovoltaic units is demonstrated for generating power from environmental illumination. A scalable and flexible power architecture is also verified to effectively integrate these renewable energy sources. This paper confirms that battery life extension can be achieved through the appropriate integration of renewable sources such as thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices.
Carbon-coated LiFePO4 (C-LFP) composites incorporated with electrochemically-active conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) are fabricated via a self-assembly process. Inorganic acids HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4 are used as dopants for PANI. The C-LFP/PANI composites are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectra and four-probe resistivity measurements. Our results show that a remarkable improvement in capacity and rate capability can be achieved in the C-LFP/PANI composite cathodes doped with HCl and H3PO4. The C-LFP/PANI-HCl composite exhibits the best electrochemical performance, which gives a ca. 15% capacity enhancement at 0.2C and 40% enhancement at 5C compared to the parent C-LFP. The mechanism for the enhancement has been discussed.
Li2.2Fe0.4Mn0.4Si0.8V0.2O4 as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries is synthesized by solid-state reaction, and the effect of V substitution for Si on an Mn–O bond is studied by charge-discharge tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. Charge-discharge tests suggest that the nature of the covalent bond in Mn–O is intensified by the inductive effect due to the decreased electronegativity by V substitution for Si. However, XRD reveals that the crystal structure of Li2.2Fe0.4Mn0.4Si0.8V0.2O4 changes into an amorphous state during the first charge process similarly to that of Li2MnSiO4. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis reveals that the Mn–O distance increases and decreases drastically during the charge-discharge process due to Jahn-Teller distortion, showing an elongated bond along the c-axis of MnO4 tetrahedra. We consider the elongated bond length of Mn–O in the tetrahedra further affects the coordination structure of Fe, Si, and V, which leads to change to the crystal structure of Li2.2Fe0.4Mn0.4Si0.8V0.2O4 into an amorphous state. The V substitution for Si in Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 enhances the covalent bond nature of Mn–O to a certain extent. However, V substitution is still insufficient to suppress the amorphization.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers might be useful in predicting outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). It was the aim to determine whether tau and amyloid beta CSF concentrations predict functional, health-related quality of life (hrQoL), and neuropsychological outcomes after aSAH. Ventricular CSF was obtained from n = 24 aSAH patients at admission (D0), day 2 (D2), and day 6 (D6). CSF total (t)Tau, phosphorylated (p)Tau(181P), and amyloid beta(1-40 and 1-42) (Aβ40/Aβ42) levels were compared between patients with favorable and unfavorable functional (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)), hrQoL (Euro-Qol (EQ-5D)), and neuropsychological outcomes at 3 (3 m) and 12 months (12 m). Patients with unfavorable functional (mRS 4–6) and hrQoL outcome (EQ-5D z-score ≤ − 1.0) at 3 and 12 m had higher CSF tTau/pTau and lower Aβ40/Aβ42 at D0, D2, and D6 with varying degrees of statistical significance. In terms of predicting neuropsychological outcome, CSF pTau showed a statistically significant correlation with the z-scores of executive function (r = − 0.7486, p = 0.008), verbal memory (r = − 0.8101, p = 0.002), attention (r = − 0.6498, p = 0.030), and visuospatial functioning (r = − 0.6944, p = 0.017) at 3 m. At 12 m, CSF pTau had statistically significant correlations with the z-scores of verbal memory (r = − 0.7473, p = 0.008) and visuospatial functioning (r = − 0.6678, p = 0.024). In conclusion, higher tTau/pTau and lower Aβ40/Aβ42 CSF levels predict unfavorable long-term functional and hrQoL outcomes. Neuropsychological deficits correlate with increased CSF tTau and pTau concentrations.
The soluble-lead flow battery (SLFB) utilises methanesulfonic acid, an electrolyte in which Pb(II) ions are highly soluble. During charge, solid lead and lead dioxide layers are electrodeposited at the negative and positive electrodes respectively. During discharge, the deposits are electrochemically dissolved back into the recirculating electrolyte. The cell is normally undivided, which greatly reduces design complexity and cost, whilst also reducing the flow pumping requirements. Typical SLFB electrolytes offer up to 40Whkg−1 of storage, with performance on the 100cm2 electrode scale reaching 90% charge and 80% voltage efficiencies across 100 cycles; however, the SLFB has also been tested on the 1000cm2 electrode, four-cell stack scale. This review considers the SLFB, highlighting important developments and discussing remaining problems. In particular, methods to achieve effective stripping of lead dioxide at the positive electrode and to prevent lead dendrites at the negative electrode in order to prevent contact between the deposits, and thus shorting, are explored. A detailed understanding of the effect of Pb(II) and methanesulfonic acid concentration on the physical electrolyte properties is presented, and possible improvements to the electrodes and electrolyte composition in terms of additives are discussed in order to improve cell efficiency and longevity. Also, the importance of cell design in preventing the failure mechanisms and therefore achieving a high performance is highlighted. Studies on mathematical modelling and cycling simulation are also reviewed. Continuing research needs are listed and a forward look to future developments is taken.
In this study, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) cells using mixed imidazolium salts and lithium salts for the electrolytes are investigated as a means to improve discharge performance and cycle-life characteristics. By introducing 5 or 10vol.% of imidazolium salt into the electrolytes containing lithium salts, the Li–S cells give a greatly enhanced discharge capacity of >600mAhg−1 up to the 100th charge–discharge cycle. Furthermore, both the discharge capacity and the average discharge voltage at a high discharge rate, as well as the low-temperature performance, are all dramatically improved when compared with those of conventional cells using organic electrolyte solvents and lithium salts.
The present study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of rats (BM) against toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the male gonads of experimental rats.
The cathode material Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite is prepared by a sol spray-drying and post-calcining technology. XRD results show that the material is a well crystallized single phase. SEM and TEM observations reveal that the Li3V2(PO4)3/C powders have the spherical shape with a uniform particle size distribution from submicron to micron scale, and there is a homogenous carbon layer of 2.5nm thick on the particle surface. The tap density of Li3V2(PO4)3/C is as high as 1.61gcm−3. The electrochemical performance of the composite is excellent. At 0.1C rate, the Li3V2(PO4)3/C sample exhibits high initial discharge capacities of 127.41mAhg−1 between 2.5 and 4.3V, and 161.30mAhg−1 between 2.5 and 4.5V, respectively. Even at a rate of 10C, the composite can still deliver high discharge capacities of 102.27 and 111.64mAhg−1 in the potential regions of 2.5–4.3V and 2.5–4.5V, respectively.
In an attempt to realize sodium-ion batteries with enhanced safety, we report herein the utilization of ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolytes for cycling nanoparticulate anatase TiO2 as sodium-ion anode material. The use of the IL-based electrolyte results in the highly stable cycling performance of anatase TiO2-based electrodes, providing an initial specific capacity of 159mAhg−1 when applying a specific current of 33.5mAg−1, and still 155mAhg−1 after 80 full (dis-)charge cycles. Moreover, a very promising rate performance is obtained with specific capacities of 108 and 78mAhg−1 for specific currents of 335 and 670mAg−1, respectively. Indeed, the excellent electrochemical performance, and high coulombic efficiency, as well as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate the highly beneficial impact of the IL-based electrolyte on the formation of a stabilized solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).
This review summarizes advances in treatments for adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in the last 5 years.
We tested the life cycle of commercial laminated lithium-ion cells with both liquid (LE cells) and polymer (PE cells) electrolytes by simulating a satellite's low earth orbit (LEO) operation under various environmental conditions to develop a power storage system for microsatellites. We completed 4000 cycles, corresponding to about 8 months of LEO satellite operation. The LE cell initially exhibited better performance than the PE cell in a normal atmosphere. However, the LE cell began to expand in a vacuum (about 20Pa), accompanied by capacity loss and voltage decline at the end of the discharge. In contrast, the PE cell exhibited excellent endurance in a vacuum and maintained high capacity and voltage at the end of the discharge. The reliable cycling of the PE cell in a vacuum was attributed to the adhesive properties of the gel electrolyte that held the laminate film package and active electrode materials together. A comparison of cell performance at various ambient temperatures demonstrated that the proper ambient temperature range for a PE cell is from 10 to 30°C.
The ability of zeolite to accommodate and neutralize a great number of cations with all three mechanisms, adsorption, intercalation, and cation exchange reaction, combined with the high conductivity and stability of HCl—protonated polyaniline, which interposes into its laminar structure and the good contact between zeolite surface and polyaniline, make polyaniline/zeolite very suitable for a cathode electrode in dry electrical primary coin cells. Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) gel was used as the electrolyte and a Mg foil as the anode. The e.m.f. values of the cells ranged from 1.62 to 1.94V, their specific energies from 4.34 to 8.88Wh/kg and their energy densities from 3.10 to 6.34mWh/cm3 for cathodes containing 10–50% in zeolite. The parameter τ, which characterizes the aging rate of the polyaniline/zeolite cathode ranges between 70 and 320h. The higher τ is, the slower is the aging of the sample. The best combination of high conductivity, slow aging of the cathode and high specific energy of the cells was obtained between 25 and 35% of zeolite content. Moreover, surface examination of the polyaniline/zeolite samples, was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques.