batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
There is a general consensus to develop renewable energy storage and conversion technologies to replace fossil fuel energy for sustainable development. Currently, the development of high performance energy storage and conversion devices is an important step on the road to alternative energy technologies. Among the newly developed materials, porous carbons and related functional materials including metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon–metal/metal oxide hybrids show potential for applications in such devices. Recently, the newly emerging open framework materials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic frameworks (POFs), act as outstanding templates and/or precursors to fabricate porous carbons and related nanostructured functional materials based on their high surface areas, controllable structures and abundant metal/organic species in their scaffolds. Here, recent significant advances in the development of open frameworks for preparation of porous carbons and related nanostructured functional materials are reviewed with special emphases on the applications in the energy and environmental areas.
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) guidelines emphasize the association of PA with numerous health benefits. This interaction occurs in part through components such as weight control and improved functioning of physical fitness. Women at menopause often experience body mass gain, particularly fat mass. Thus, the former PA also could enhance weight control and physical fitness. Aim: To evaluate the influence of PA performed at young age, on body composition and physical fitness in postmenopausal Spanish women population aged over 55 years. Material and methods: A battery of validated physical fitness tests (aerobic capacity, upper and lower strength, agility and walking speed) was applied to a sub-sample of a broader study (96 women, 55–88 years) living in Madrid (Spain). PA activity performed at younger ages and age of menopause was asked by means of the EXERNET questionnaire. The body composition variables analysed were body mass (kg), fat mass (%) and lean mass (%) measured by DXA (GE/LunarPRODIGY. GEHealthCare, Wisconsin, USA). Results: Postmenopausal women who practiced PA (30%) when they were young showed significantly lower body weight (yes: 61.3±10.4kg vs. no: 67.1±9.3kg; p=0.009) and fat mass (yes: 21.7±8.4% vs. no: 27.9±6.9%; p<0.001), better aerobic capacity (yes: 14.0±1.4mLkg−1min−1 vs. no: 13.1±1.7mLkg−1min−1; p=0.032) and higher body strength (yes: 16.17±3.33 rep vs. no: 14.66±2.79 rep; p=0.040) than those who did not practice PA. However, no differences were found in lean body mass (p>0.05These results were obtained after controlling for age, age of menopause and current PA (hours/week). Conclusion: PA performed at younger ages enhances body mass and fat mass, as well as aerobic capacity and physical fitness in postmenopausal women. Supported by Instituto Salud Carlos III (PI11/01791). ImFINE and NUCOX belong to the EXERNET research network.
To investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on olfactory functions.
The expander performs at least five different tasks in the battery. It is a fluidiser for the negative paste. It controls the formation stage of the battery. It controls the shape and size of the lead sulphate crystals formed upon discharge, and thus prevents the sintering of the active mass. It controls the rate of the lead to lead sulphate oxidation during discharge. Finally, it affects the charge acceptance. To gain more understanding of these different effects the interaction between lead, lead(II) oxide, lead(IV) oxide, lead sulphate, barium sulphate and carbon black and the experimental lignosulphonate (LS) expander UP-414 has been investigated. We also compared with Vanisperse A and several other lignosulphonates, to elucidate the mechanisms operating. In most cases, we have studied concentration ranges that are both higher and lower than those normally encountered in batteries. There is no adsorption of lignosulphonates to pure lead surfaces. Adsorption to lead sulphate is a slow process. In the presence of lead ions lignosulphonates will also adsorb to lead. The adsorption to lead(II) oxide is a fast process, and a strong adsorption occurs. In all these cases, it is preferably the high molecular weight fraction that interacts with the solid surfaces. Lead ions leaching from the surface complexes with lignosulphonates to give a more hydrophobic species. This allows the normally negatively charged lignosulphonate to adsorb to the negatively charged substrates. The lignosulphonates have an ability to complex lead ions and keep them solvated. This confirms previous observations of the lignosulphonates ability to promote the dissolution–precipitation mechanism for lead sulphate formation on the expense of the solid-state reaction.
Chromosome 18 abnormalities rank among the most common autosomal anomalies with 18q being the most frequently affected. A deletion of 18q has been attributed to microcephaly, mental retardation, short stature, facial dysmorphism, myelination disorders, limb and genitourinary malformations and congenital aural atresia. On the other hand, duplications of 18q have been associated with the phenotype of Edwards syndrome. Critical chromosomal regions for both phenotypes are contentious. In this report, we describe the first case of an 11-year old male with a combined interstitial duplication 18q22.1, triplication 18q22.1q22.2 and terminal deletion 18q22.2q23 with phenotypic features of isolated 18q deletion syndrome and absence of phenotypic features characteristic of Edwards syndrome despite duplication of the suggested critical region. This report allows for reevaluation of proposed critical intervals for the phenotypes in deletion 18q syndrome and Edwards syndrome.
In a typical all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), the ion exchange membrane is directly exposed in the bulk electrolyte. Consequently, the Donnan effect occurs at the membrane/electrolyte (M/E) interfaces, which is critical for modeling of ion transport through the membrane and the prediction of cell performance. However, unrealistic assumptions in previous VRFB models, such as electroneutrality and discontinuities of ionic potential and ion concentrations at the M/E interfaces, lead to simulated results inconsistent with the theoretical analysis of ion adsorption in the membrane. To address this issue, this work proposes a continuous-Donnan effect-model using the Poisson equation coupled with the Nernst–Planck equation to describe variable distributions at the M/E interfaces. A one-dimensional transient VRFB model incorporating the Donnan effect is developed. It is demonstrated that the present model enables (i) a more realistic simulation of continuous distributions of ion concentrations and ionic potential throughout the membrane and (ii) a more comprehensive estimation for the effect of the fixed charge concentration on species crossover across the membrane and cell performance.
Cobalt/iron oxide nanoparticles (CFO/NPs) were fabricated with a facile solid combustion method and decorated on polyaniline-derived porous N-doped carbon nanosheets. The N-doped carbon nanosheets provide a pathway for charge transfer and act as defensive layers to avoid the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The decoration of CFO nanoparticles on porous N-doped carbon nanosheets (CFO/NC) typically leads to hybrid material that displays an exceptionally high electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent diffusion of electrolyte ions and ensures fast Li+/e− transport. The initial discharge capacity reaches up to 1270 mAh g−1 (1.65 mAh cm−2) at a current density of 500 mA g−1 (0.65 mA cm− 2). Furthermore, it also exhibits an exceptionally high specific capacity of 635 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 500 mA g−1 (500 mA g−1) after long cycling (250 cycles) and a remarkable rate capability with 93% capacity retention. These excellent electrochemical characteristics demonstrate that CFO/NC is a promising anode material for LIBs.
It is accepted that the reduction of iodine species in non-aqueous solvents occurs through one-electron or two-electron processes below roughly 3.5 V vs. Li/Li+. In some iodine solutions, the molecular complexation of iodine with the organic solvent proceeded via a charge–transfer interaction. Reduction of iodine in non-aqueous solvents having SO or PO groups, as well as interactions of iodine molecules with these solvents, were studied. Iodine molecules associated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO), and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) showed anomalous reduction above+1.0 V vs. NHE. We demonstrated the operation of lithium–iodine batteries using DMSO, TMSO and TMP near 4.0 V vs. Li/Li+.
New vehicle electric systems are promoted by the needs of fuel economy and ecology as well as by new functions for the improvement of safety and comfort, reliability, and the availability of the vehicle. Electrically controlled and powered systems for braking, steering and stabilisation need a reliable supply of electrical energy. The planned generation of electrical energy (only when it is economically beneficial meaningful), an adequate storage, and thrifty energy housekeeping with an intelligent integration of the battery as the storage medium into the overall concept of the vehicle Energy Management, and early detection of possible restrictions of reliability by Battery Monitoring allows for actions by the Energy Management well in advance, while the driver need not be involved at all. To meet today’s requirements for Battery Monitoring and Energy Management, solutions have been developed for series vehicles launched in years 2001–2003, operating at the 14V level.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) show great promise as a concomitant process for water treatment and as renewable energy sources for environmental sensors. The small energy produced by MFCs and the low output voltage limit the applications of MFCs. Specific converter topologies are required to step-up the output voltage of a MFC. A Power Management Unit (PMU) is proposed for operation at low input voltage and at very low power in a completely autonomous way to capture energy from MFCs with the highest possible efficiency. The application of sensors for monitoring systems in remote locations is an important approach. MFCs could be an alternative energy source in this case. Powering a sensor with MFCs may prove the fact that wastewater may be partly turned into renewable energy for realistic applications. The Power Management Unit is demonstrated for 3.6 V output voltage at 1 mW continuous power, based on a low-cost 0.7-L MFC. A temperature sensor may operate continuously on 2-MFCs in continuous flow mode. A flyback converter under discontinuous conduction mode is also tested to power the sensor. One continuously fed MFC was able to efficiently and continuously power the sensor.
The power capability of the lithium-ion battery is a key performance indicator for electric vehicle, and it is intimately correlated with the acceleration, regenerative braking and gradient climbing power requirements. Therefore, an accurate power capability or state-of-power prediction is critical to a battery management system, which can help the battery to work in suitable area and prevent the battery from over-charging and over-discharging. However, the power capability is easily affected by dynamic load, voltage variation and temperature. In this paper, three different constraints in power capability prediction are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are deeply analyzed. Furthermore, a multi-limited approach for the power capability prediction is proposed, which can overcome the drawbacks of the three methods. Subsequently, the extended Kalman filter algorithm is employed for model based state-of-power prediction. In order to verify the proposed method, diverse experiments are executed to explore the efficiency, robustness, and precision. The results indicate that the proposed method can improve the precision and robustness obviously.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range of behavioral impairments including social and communication deficits. Apart from these core symptoms, a significant number of ASD individuals display higher levels of anxiety, and some studies indicate that a subset of ASD individuals have a reduced ability to be fear conditioned. Deciphering the molecular basis of ASD has been considerably challenging and it currently remains poorly understood. In this study we examined the molecular basis of autism-like impairments in an environmentally induced animal model of ASD, where pregnant rats are exposed to the known teratogen, valproic acid (VPA), on day 12.5 of gestation and the subsequent progeny exhibit ASD-like symptoms. We focused our analysis on the basal and lateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), a region of the brain found to be associated with ASD pathology.
Herein, UV-blocking and fire resistance cotton fabric was designed by coating polyurethane based MnO2-FeTiO3 (MFT) nanocomposites. The FeTiO3 (FT) nanoparticles were prepared using acid extraction from naturally occurring ilmenite sand and subsequently manganese acetate was added to synthesize the nanocomposite which was then thoroughly characterized. A colloidal suspension of MFT nanocomposite in TPU was prepared using sol-gel approach and subsequently coated onto cotton fabric. The surface morphology and the coverage of MFT on the coated fabric was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The structural changes, and thermal stability of the coated and uncoated fabrics was investigated by Fourier transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis respectively. The MFT coated cotton fabrics exhibited a strong UV blocking ability and offered fire resistant properties as assessed using limited oxygen index. Furthermore, the coated cotton fabric retained its properties even after ten water-laundering cycles thereby offering durable, sustainable smart fabric for protective clothing application.
LiBF4-PC based electrolytes have superior potentials in enhancing cycling performance of Li-ion cells at low temperature and at high current rate, respectively. However, their application is prevented because of the poor capability in enabling graphite to form a solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, we found that addition of small amount of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) into the LiBF4-based electrolytes could significantly promote SEI formation on the surface of graphite even in solutions with a high content of PC. This is attributed to the fact that LiBOB participates in the formation chemistry of the SEI. Results showed that 1–5mol% LiBOB is sufficient to promote graphite cycling reversibly in 1.0m LiBF4 1:1:3 PC/EC/EMC and 1.0m LiBF4 1:1 PC/EC, respectively, while the excellent cycling performance of LiBF4-PC based electrolytes at low temperatures was maintained.
The charge characteristics of a lead–acid cell are observed by using a numerical simulation. The effect of various parameters, such as the concentration exponent of charge reaction, morphology parameter and limiting current density, on the cell voltage during charge has been investigated by including the dissolution–precipitation mechanism of the negative electrode. As the charging current density is increased, the concentration gradient is increased due to the high resistance of the electrolyte migration, especially at the interface between the positive electrode and the reservoir.
Wind power and photovoltaic driven stand-alone systems have turned into one of the most promising ways to handle the electrification requirements of numerous isolated consumers worldwide. In this context, the primary target of the present work is to estimate the appropriate dimensions of either a wind power or a photovoltaic stand-alone system that guarantees the energy autonomy of several typical remote consumers located in representative Greek territories. For all regions examined, long-term wind speed and solar radiation measurements as well as formal meteorological data are utilized. Accordingly, special emphasis is put on the detailed energy balance analysis of the proposed systems on an hourly basis, including also the battery bank depth of discharge time evolution. Finally, comparison is made between the wind and the solar based systems investigated, proving that in most Greek regions either a wind or photovoltaic driven stand-alone system is able to cover the electrification needs of remote consumers, at a moderate first installation cost, without any additional energy input.
The majority of methods used for lithium-ion (Li-ion) capacity estimation are usually restricted to certain applications. Such methods often are time consuming and inconsistent with actual experimental data as well as depending on complicated battery operating and/or aging conditions. A geometrical approach to Li-ion battery capacity estimation is presented in this work. The proposed method utilizes four geometrical features that are sensitive to slight changes in the performance degradation of a Li-ion battery. The Laplacian Eigenmap method is used to establish an intrinsic manifold, and the geodesic on the manifold is used to estimate battery capacity. Tests are conducted based on data obtained under different operating and aging conditions provided by NASA Prognostics Center of Excellence. The evaluation results suggest that the proposed geometrical approach can be used to estimate Li-ion battery capacity accurately for the conditions given in this article.
A novel composite of layered lithium-rich oxide, Li-Rich@Li3PO4, coated with Li3PO4 is synthesized through polydopamine template method. Physical characterizations reveal that Li-Rich@Li3PO4 is composed of nanoparticles of 100–200 nm that are coated with a uniform Li3PO4 layer of about 5 nm in thickness. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests demonstrate enhanced cycling stability and largely increased rate capability of the material after Li3PO4 coating.
While there is increasing attention toward cognitive changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the domain of pragmatics, defined as the ability to integrate language and context to engage in successful communication, remains unexplored. Here we tested pragmatic abilities in 33 non-demented ALS patients and 33 healthy controls matched for age and education through 6 different tasks, ranging from discourse organization to the comprehension of figurative language, further grouped in three composite measures for pragmatic production, pragmatic comprehension and global pragmatic abilities. For a subgroup of patients, assessment included executive functions and social cognition skills. ALS patients were impaired on all pragmatic tasks relative to controls, with 45% of the patients performing below cut-off in at least one pragmatic task, and 36% impaired on the global pragmatic score. Pragmatic breakdowns were more common than executive deficit as defined by the consensus criteria, and approximately as prevalent as deficits in social cognition. Multiple regression analyses support the idea of an interplay of executive and social cognition abilities in determining the pragmatic performance, although all these domains show some degree of independence. These findings shed light on pragmatic impairment as a relevant dimension of ALS, which deserves further consideration in defining the cognitive profile of the disease, given its vital role for communication and social interaction in daily life.
A novel compression strategy for air hybrid engines is proposed utilizing two storage tanks which increases the efficiency of regenerative braking of air hybrid vehicles significantly by increasing the stored air mass and, consequently, the storing pressure in the tank. The second law definition for efficiency is suggested and employed to evaluate the regenerative system capability in storing the kinetic energy of a decelerating vehicle. The maximum energy storing capacity of conventional and proposed compression methods are derived and the advantage of the double-tank system in increasing the energy storing capacity is shown. An experimental setup has also been designed and tested to evaluate the double-tank compression strategy in practice. The experimental results show at least 70% improvement in storing pressure and 125% improvement in energy storing capability in the regenerative braking process using the double-storage system.
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs)-based on poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and propylene carbonate (PC) with LiClO4 or NaClO4 salt are prepared using either the commercial product Superacryl® or directly from the monomer and AIBN (2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile)) initiator. The nanostructured aluminum oxide is added to the mentioned systems in various ratios. Solutions of liquid PC–perchlorate and polymer electrolytes are compared with focus on ionic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of polymer-based electrolytes is significantly influenced (of almost by one half order of magnitude at room temperature) by the addition of nanosized Al2O3. On the contrary, the conductivity of liquid electrolytes is decreased by the addition of alumina in the blend. A slight enhancement of mechanical properties is observed.
Mitochondria are abundant organelles critical for energy metabolism and brain function. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), released during cellular injury and as part of the innate immune response to viral pathogens, contains CpG motifs that act as TLR-9 ligands. We investigated relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-free mtDNA levels and HIV viral load (VL), biomarkers of inflammation and iron transport, and neurocognitive (NC) function in the CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) cohort.
With the massive consumption of lithium-ion batteries in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles, proper disposal of spent batteries is of paramount importance for sustainable development. In this study, biodegradable organic methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is investigated for the first time to leach valuable metals from waste LiCoO2 powders for battery material regeneration. Under the optimal conditions, leaching efficiencies of lithium and cobalt are achieved at nearly ∼100% and ∼100%, respectively. Comparison experiment indicates that MSA can achieve better leaching performance than previously reported organic acids (e.g. citric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid) under the same conditions. Besides, strong leaching capability of MSA at high solid-to-liquid ratios (e.g. 81.2 g L−1 and 163 g L−1) is confirmed with satisfactory leaching efficiencies (ca. 92.4%–100%). Feasibility test of MSA utilization for proper treatment of spent batteries is demonstrated at the optimized conditions. Importantly, regeneration study suggests that the as-obtained leachate can be employed to synthesize Co3O4 anode and LiCoO2 cathode materials with micro/nanostructures. Excellent cycling performance and rate capability of the regenerated electrode materials are demonstrated in the repeated charge-discharge cycles. Overall, the proposed recycling strategy is of great significance for rational resource utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries.