batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This study demonstrates the effect of polydopamine coating on separator membranes used in liquid electrolyte batteries as a function of membrane porosity. We select two typical separators that differed only in porosity. High-porosity (16H) and low-porosity (16L) separators are coated with polydopamine by simple dip-coating. Their properties are evaluated via scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and determining the water contact angle, Gurley number, ionic conductivity, and uptake volume of liquid electrolyte. In addition, the effect of polydopamine coating on electrochemical properties is tested using CR2032 coin-type half-cells (LiMn2O4/Li metal). With enhanced hydrophilic properties of surfaces as keeping pore structures, both of polydopamine coated high and low porous separators show enhanced rate capability and cell performance compared to uncoated versions. The effect of polydopamine coating is greatly enhanced in the low-porosity separators, with up to 40% increase in power capability (at 5 C rate) and a 290% increase in cycle performance (after 500cycles, at C/2 rate), compared to the high-porosity type (13% increase in power capability, 43% increase in cycle performance).
Cubic perovskite–type oxide Li3/8Sr7/16Hf1/4Ta3/4O3 (LSHT) is a promising solid electrolyte material for next–generation Li–ion batteries such as all–solid–state Li batteries and Li–redox flow batteries due to its high room–temperature Li–ion conductivity and good chemical compatibility with commercial organic liquid electrolyte. High relative density is another important requirement for these applications. Here we investigate the influence of sintering additives (Li3BO3, Li4SiO4, LiF) on the density, the total Li–ion conductivity, the interfacial conductivity against commercial liquid electrolyte, and the cycling performance of the hybrid Li-ion cells. The results show that comparing with other additives, LSHT sintered with 2wt% LiF shows the highest Li–ion conductivity (3.3×10−4 Scm−1) and the smallest interfacial resistance (125Ω cm2) against organic electrolyte at room temperature; Li/LiFePO4 batteries with LSHT pellets fired with 2wt% LiF have the best cyclability and the highest coulombic efficiency (99.6±0.04%) in 50 cycles.
The combination of graphite or silicon monoxide (SiO)/graphite=1/1 mixture with a solvent-free solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) was fabricated using a new preparation process, involving precoating the electrode with vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) and binders (polyvinyl difluoride: PVdF or polyimide: PI), followed by the overcoating of the SPE. The reversible capacity of [graphite | SPE | Li] and [SiO/graphite | SPE | Li] cells were >360 and >1000mAhg−1 with 78% and 77% for the 1st Coulombic efficiency, respectively. The reversible capacities were 75% at the 250th cycle for [graphite | SPE | Li] and 72% at the 100th cycle for [SiO/graphite | SPE | Li]. The electrode used was compatible with that of the conventional liquid electrolyte system, and the SPE film could be formed on the electrode by the continuous overcoating process, which will lead to a low-cost electrodes and low-cost battery production. The solid-state lithium-ion polymer battery (SSLiPB) developed in this study, which consisted of [LiFePO4 | SPE | graphite], showed the reversible capacity of 128mAhg−1 (based on the LiFePO4 capacity) with favorable cycle performance.
A novel impedance spectrometer has been developed to obtain good quality spectra for electrochemical cells or devices in the minimum time required by the Nyquist theorem for the lowest frequency in the spectrum. A new method, based on a simple instrumental design resolves the known problems of existing methods such as long measurement time and fairly complicated design of the frequency response analyzer (FRA), as well as poor quality of spectra obtained for pulse-response analysis based systems. The spectrometer applies a simple excitation such as a current pulse, instantly connected resistance, or current interrupt, followed by measurement of the response, such as voltage or current against time. The response is fitted to an analytical function (carrier function), and the values of parameters obtained in the fit are applied to the expression of analytical Laplace transformation of this function. The carrier function is selected so that it approximates well the transient response of most electrochemical systems. An analytical expression of the impedance function is obtained by dividing the Laplace-transform of the carrier function by the Laplace-transform of the excitation signal. The frequency dependent impedance spectrum is obtained by evaluating this analytical expression at the required frequencies.
The current paper presents an investigation of the wind power potential of Koronos village, a remote location in the northeastern part of Naxos Island, Greece, using real wind data by a measurement mast. The obtained wind characteristics were statistically analysed using the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions. The results from this investigation showed that the selected site falls under Class 7 of the international system of wind classification as the mean annual wind speed recorded in the area was 7.4m/s and the corresponding annual mean power density was estimated to be 420W/m2. Furthermore, the prevailing wind directions characterising the area were the northeastern and the north–northeastern. From the statistical analysis of these results, it was revealed that the Weibull model fitted the actual data better. This remark was further enhanced by the evaluation of the performance of these two distributions.
We designed and fabricated a bipolar-type electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) with a maximum 7.5 V operating voltage using a new concept in solid electrolytes. A cell having a high operating voltage, that is free from liquid leakage and is non-flammable is achieved by a bipolar design utilizing a solid polymer electrolyte made up of particles in a three-dimensional array, such as crystals composed of 75 wt% of hybrid particles decorated with a concentrated ionic liquid polymer brush (PSiP) and 25wt% of an ionic liquid (IL). The resulting solid film had sufficient physical strength and a high enough ionic conductivity to function as an electrolyte. Solidification as well as ionic conduction is due to the regular array of PSiPs, thereby producing a high ion-conductivity from a networked path between cores containing an appropriate amount of IL as a plasticizer. The demonstration cell shows a relatively good cycle durability and rate properties up to a 10C discharge process. It also has a very small leakage current in continuous charging and better self-discharge properties, even at 60 °C, compared with conventional cells. This paper demonstrates the first successful fabrication of a bipolar EDLC in a simple structure using this novel polymer solid electrolyte.
The development of all-solid-state batteries requires fast lithium conductors. Here, the authors report a lithium compound, Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, with an exceptionally high conductivity and demonstrate that all-solid-state batteries based on the compound have high power densities.
Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) is commonly used to treat brain tumours but, in paediatric patients, this therapeutic strategy can lead to subsequent neurocognitive impairment. Padovani et al. discuss both the mechanisms underlying the effect of CRT on cognitive function and factors that can affect outcome. New approaches to correct or avoid CRT-induced neurotoxicity are also considered.
We prepare an all solid-state, liquid-free, polymer electrolyte (ASPE) from a lithium salt and a graft copolymer consisting of a polyimide main chain and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate side chains using atom transfer radical polymerization method. The ionic conductivity of ASPEs increases with increasing the side chain length. The ionic conductivity of the ASPE whose POEM content=60wt% shows 6.5×10−6 S/cm at 25°C. The ASPEs having shorter average distance between side chains and/or shorter side chain length show higher mechanical strength. The tensile strength of the ASPEs is more than 10MPa and about 20 times higher than that of the ASPEs in the previous study [Electrochim. Acta, 50 (1998) 3832]; hence, the ASPEs have sufficiently high mechanical strength for a polymer electrolyte of lithium secondary batteries.
The use of red lead in battery plates is not very well known to a large segment of the lead–acid battery industry. Historically, it was used in pasted and tubular positive plates in order to improve their formation time and enhance deep-cycle performance. Although the use of red lead has diminished over the last few decades, many companies are again considering the use of red lead in their plates. This article aims to give manufacturers a solid knowledge of the properties of red lead, including production and handling methods. Further, it presents an understanding of the influence in battery production, battery performance, and the cost-saving potential of red lead usage. The first part of the article is intended to explain the chemical and physical properties and fields of usage of red lead. The most widely used red lead product specifications for the battery industry are presented and explained. In the second part, the typical equipment for the production of red lead is reviewed. Raw material requirements, material handling equipment, a red lead furnace and milling are presented and discussed. The reader is taken through the production of a typical batch of red lead. Operating charts, process control data and system photos will help to understand the production process. The final part outlines an overall view of process requirements and identifies stages in lead–acid battery production that will be influenced by the use of red lead.
The mesoporous MoO2 nanospheres are successfully synthesized by hydrothermal reduction process that is feasible and environmentally friendly. The as-prepared MoO2 nanospheres are used as efficient sulfur matrix in lithium‑sulfur battery to improve its electrochemical performance. Higher capacity retention and better rate performance can be achieved, compared with the acetylene black/sulfur cathode, which can be attributed to the conductive MoO2 nanospheres uniformly dispersed in sulfur, enhancing electron transfer and reducing interfacial impedance. The MoO2/S composite cathode exhibit a discharge capacity of 1144mAhg −1 at a high rate of 2.2mAcm−2 in the first cycle, and maintained 780mAhg−1 after 200cycles. Furthermore, even under a rate of 4.4mAcm−2, it still maintained a substantial capacity of 635mAhg−1. It is demonstrated that the addition of mesoporous MoO2 improving electrochemical performances of the batteries, which effectively slowed down the dissolution of polysulfides in the electrolyte and shorten the diffusion distances for lithium ions on interaction during the charge-discharge processes.
An eco-friendly conductive water-dispersed polymer binder was used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for the first time. A conductive polypyrrole (PPy) was copolymerized successfully into an adhesive poly(acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate) (PANBA) emulsified binder to impart two important properties to the PANBA-PPy binder system simultaneously: adhesion and electronic conduction. These two properties ultimately help the active materials of the LIB to exert better electrochemical performance. The copolymers were synthesized via two-step polymerization with different weights of pyrrole monomer. With the incorporation of PPy, the electrical resistance of the copolymer was reduced significantly, and the increase in PPy content of the binder system also decreased the resistance. The electrochemical performance of the conductive copolymers as a binder for the Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes of lithium-ion batteries was superior to the non-conductive PANBA binder. At relatively low charge/discharge current densities, the more conductive PANBA-PPy4 binder was favorable to the cyclic performance of the LTO electrodes, whereas the PANBA-PPy2 sample has prominent high rate performance at a current density of 10 C because of its adhesive properties and conductive characteristics.
The objective of this work was to identify some representations of the Moroccan college students in secondary electricity. However, school learning is an area where the contribution of the representations is necessarily linked to the performance and results of students, which complicates the task of the teacher and it drives him to seek methods and teaching techniques to help students overcome and change their misconceptions. It should be noted that the representations students develop every day and every year, in the right way or the wrong way. That's why teachers should consider the representations of their students during the teaching and learning of science subject such as physics and chemistry.
The electrolytes based on lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiODFB) and sulfolane (SL) including LiODFB-ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and LiPF6-EC/DMC as the references have been studied on electrochemical performance and interfacial stability in Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells. LiODFB-containing electrolytes show outstanding electrochemical stability within 5.5V due to the passivation phenomenon on the cathodes, while LiPF6-containing electrolytes undergo continuous decomposition beyond 4.5V. The initial charge/discharge profiles and cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves prove that the cell with LiODFB-SL/DMC(2:1 by vol.) electrolyte has lower degree of polarization and better reversibility. The cathode with LiODFB-SL/DMC(2:1 by vol.) electrolyte displays the best cycling performance and the cathode with LiPF6-EC/DMC(1:1 by vol.) electrolyte displays the worst cycling performance. AC impedance shows that the cell cycling with LiODFB-SL/DMC(2:1 by vol.) electrolyte has much smaller resistance of charge transfer on cathode/electrolyte interface than the cell cycling with LiODFB-EC/DMC(1:1 by vol.) electrolyte. The characterization of the cathode surfaces indicates that a more homogeneous and compact passivation layer forms on the cathode cycling with LiODFB-SL/DMC(2:1 by vol.) electrolyte to greatly improve the interfacial stability for the reason that SL motivates the passivation reaction of LiODFB and itself participates the formation of the passivation layers. Therefore, LiODFB-SL/DMC(2:1 by vol.) is a promising electrolyte for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode.
Three-dimensional (3D) porous vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films were synthesized by electrostatic spray deposition followed by annealing at 350 °C in air. The interconnected pore networks facilitate the kinetics of lithium-ion diffusion and help the porous V2O5 with stable capacity, high energy efficiency and excellent rate capability as a cathode material for lithium batteries.
Acoustic positioning telemetry allows to collect large amounts of data on the movement of aquatic animals by use of autonomous receiver stations. Essential in this process is the conversion from raw signal detections to reliable positions. A new advancement in the domain is Yet Another Positioning Solver (YAPS), which combines the detection data on the receivers with a model of animal movement. This transparent, flexible and on-line available positioning algorithm overcomes problems related to traditional point-by-point positioning and filtering techniques. However, its performance has only been tested on data from one telemetry system, providing transmitters with stable burst interval. To investigate the performance of YAPS on different system parameters and settings, we conducted a simulation study.
In this work, a novel aqueous battery consisting of manganese in (Mn Sn) redox chemistries is proposed, where Mn redox reactions occur in the positive electrode and Sn deposition/stripping reactions occur in the negative electrode. The battery exhibits an open circuit voltage of 1.7 V, while a coulombic efficiency of higher than 98.8% is obtained at an operating current density of 30 mA cm−2. Cyclic tests show that the energy efficiency can be kept above 91.5% with no observable decay at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. In addition, due to the high hydrogen overpotential of Sn metal, the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction can be largely avoided. With decent battery performance, the Mn Sn system offers a promising solution for future energy storage applications.
In this study eight patients with left neglect were asked to name chimerical pictures of objects and animals with different spatial orientation: standard upright position, rotated 180°, rotated 90° to the right, and rotated 90° to the left. All patients showed the typical pattern of egocentric neglect. They omitted the left part of the normally upright pictures and the right part of the inverted stimuli, now falling in the left space. When the pictures were tilted 90° to the right, they reported the two component objects with the same level of accuracy. However, at variance with egocentric neglect, when the chimerical pictures were rotated 90° to the left, the patients omitted the left half of the stimulus more often than the right half. We propose that since in the latter condition the less informative lower part of the pictures was available in the non-neglected space, the patients mentally rotated the perceived stimulus and aligned it with its upright orientation before naming its component parts. In our interpretation, the mental orientation and normalisation of rotated stimuli might underlie all the reported evidence of object-centred neglect for non-orthographic stimuli.
Searching for novel functional materials represents an important direction in the research and development of renewable energy. Due to their unique structural and compositional flexibility and high material stability, oxide perovskites and their derivatives have recently been extensively explored as a class of versatile materials for applications in electrocatalysis (EC), photocatalysis (PC) and photovoltaics (PV), showing great promise in terms of catalytic activity and device stability. In this review, we firstly discuss the extreme flexibilities of oxide perovskites in terms of their structures and compositions, which lead to a treasure trove of materials for diverse applications. Secondly, the current status of their applications and challenges in EC, PC and PV are reviewed. We attempt to build the connections between the structural and compositional flexibility and the tunable material properties desirable for various applications.
Lithiums–sulfur battery is considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices to replace the current Li ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity of 1675mAhg−1. However, the poor cycle stability hinders the further development of this battery system. In order to improve the stability of Li–S batteries, the diffusion of polysulfides from electrodes into electrolyte should be suppressed. Herein, we utilize a positively charged polyelectrolyte to functionalize the electrode materials with the aim to hamper the polysulfides dissolution via electrostatic interaction between strong positively charged polyelectrolyte and negatively charged polysulfides anion. The effect of the functionalization quantity of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) and functionalization sequence on cycling performances is investigated in detail. It is found that the sulfur–graphene composite (SG) directly functionalized with 10 times PDDA exhibited best cycling stability. At a discharge current density of 0.2C, much higher capacity retention was realized on the functionalized electrodes than the unfunctionalized (81% vs. 47.3%) after 120 cycles. The as-observed results demonstrate that the electrostatic interaction can effectively prolong the cycling life of Li–S batteries, which provides a new promising strategy for improving the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.
Energy storage is gaining importance in both conventional and renewable energy sector in India. Due to several applications and benefits, energy storage systems show huge potential in Indian renewable energy sector. This paper (Part II) mainly focuses on the energy storage market potential in India, its applications and benefits as well. Part I of the two papers, presented an overview of selected energy storage technologies with a comprehensive comparison of important characteristics and features. Whereas in this paper, applications and benefits of energy storage at various stages of energy systems is presented, along with prospects of energy storage market potential, key opportunities and recent developments in upcoming years in India. This work also highlights the current status of various energy storage projects across India and few of the challenges forbidding their large-scale deployment.
Aluminum oxide coatings deposited on LiMn2O4/carbon fiber electrodes by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are shown to enhance cathode performance in lithium-ion batteries. With a thin Al2O3 coating derived from 10 ALD cycles, the electrodes exhibit 2.5 times greater capacity retention over 500 cycles at a rate of 1C as well as enhanced rate capability and decreased polarization resistance. Structural and surface studies of the electrodes before and after cycling reveal that a near-surface phenomenon is responsible for the improved electrochemical performance. The crystal structure and overall morphology of the LiMn2O4 electrode are found to be unaffected by electrochemical cycling, both for coated and uncoated samples. However, evidence of Mn diffusion into the ALD coatings is observed from both transmission electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) after electrochemical cycling. Furthermore, XPS analysis of the Al 2p photoemission peak for the ALD coated electrodes reveal a significant shift in binding energy and peak shape, suggesting the presence of an Al–O–F compound formed by sequestering HF in the electrolyte. These observations provide new insight toward understanding the mechanism in which ultrathin coatings of amphoteric oxides can inhibit capacity loss for LiMn2O4 cathodes in lithium-ion batteries.
The electrochemical properties of an electroactive rare earth metal hexacyanoferrate, neodymium hexacyanoferrate (NdHCF) were studied by mechanically attaching NdHCF samples to the surface of carbon ceramic electrodes (CCEs) derived from sol–gel technique. The resulting modified electrodes exhibit well-defined redox responses with the formal potential of 0.241V (versus SCE) at a scan rate of 20mVs−1 in 0.5M KCl solution. The voltammetric characteristics of the NdHCF-modified CCEs in the presence of different alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+) were investigated by voltammetry. The NdHCF-modified CCEs presented a good electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and was used for amperometric detection of H2O2. In addition, the NdHCF-CCEs exhibited a distinct advantage of simple preparation, surface renewal, good stability and reproducibility.