batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Publisher Summary The heat pipe has been studied for a broad variety of applications, encapsulating almost the complete spectrum of temperatures encountered in heat transfer processes. These applications range from the use of liquid helium heat pipes to aid target cooling in particle accelerators, to cooling systems for state-of-the-art nuclear reactors and potential developments aimed at new measuring techniques for the temperature range 2000-3000°C. Heat pipes have been used extensively in a variety of energy storage systems. The benefits of the heat pipe based on isothermalization/temperature flattening are also remarkable. Heat pipe technology offers a number of potential benefits to reactor performance and operation. There has been an increased interest in achieving uniformity of reactor temperature, and thus good product quality. The reason for this is that increased yield of high purity, high added value chemicals. Heat pipes, certainly at vapor temperatures up to 200 °C, have probably gained more from the developments associated with spacecraft applications than from any other area. Heat pipes are widely used in energy conservation. Another sector that has benefited from the unique properties of the heat pipe is the rapidly growing food industry.
Tin oxide thin films were prepared by the electrostatic spray deposition at 400°C, followed by annealing at 500°C in air. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the resulting films were amorphous SnO2. The electrochemical properties of the SnO2 films with lithium were studied by in situ conductivity measurements using an interdigitated microarray electrode as well as by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling measurements and ac-impedance spectroscopy in 1 M LiClO4/(PC+EC). The SnO2 film electrodes exhibited reversible capacities greater than 1300 mA h g−1 when cycled between 0.05 and 2.5 V at 0.2 mA cm−2. However, this capacity faded rapidly after repeated cycling. If the electrode was cycled between 0 and 1.0 V, a reversible capacity of 600 mA h g−1 was maintained for more than 100 cycles. In addition, a stable reversible capacity of about 500 mA h g−1 was obtained even at current density as high as 2 mA cm−2. Thus it is suggested that a higher potential than 1.5 V would cause reformation of tin oxide, which may destroy the stable nanocomposite structure of metallic tin and lithium. These arguments were supported by in situ conductivity measurements with microarray electrodes.
Amorphous lithium phosphorous oxynitride film was coated directly on pre-treated lithium metal as anode of lithium air battery by radio-frequency sputtering technique from a Li3PO4 target. The structure and composition of modified anode was analyzed before and after charge/discharge test in a lithium-air battery, which comprises 0.5M LiNO3/TEGDME as the electrolyte and super P carbon as cathode. Batteries were galvanostatically discharged by an Arbin BT-2000 battery tester between open current voltage and 2.15V vs. Li+/Li at various current regimes ranging from 0.1–0.4mA/cm2. Compared with fresh lithium, LIPON-coated anode exhibited better electrochemical performance. Good charging efficiency of 90% at a narrower voltage gap with high ionic conductivity of 9.4×10−5 S/cm was achieved through optimizing lithium pre-treated conditions, sputtering N2 flows and suitable solute for electrolyte.
Due to increased demands for energy and the current limitations of batteries, a future prospective technology are vibration energy harvesters that convert kinetic vibration energy into electrical energy. These energy harvesters have the potential to be used in powering small electronic devices such as measurement equipment in remote or hostile environments where batteries are not a viable option. Current limitations of vibration based energy harvesters is the total available power generated and the frequency at which they effectively collect ambient vibration sources for producing power; this paper aims to review the current techniques that are being employed to enhance the performance of these devices. These techniques have been categorised into amplification techniques, resonance tuning methods and introducing nonlinear oscillations. Before this technology can be used effectively in applications enhancing the performance of ambient vibration energy harvesters needs to be addressed.
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are important for applications related to both microgrids and electric vehicles. If BESS are used as the main energy source, then it is required to include adequate procedures for the estimation of critical variables such as the State of Charge (SoC) and the State of Health (SoH) in the design of Battery Management Systems (BMS). Furthermore, in applications where batteries are exposed to high charge and discharge rates it is also desirable to estimate the State of Maximum Power Available (SoMPA). In this regard, this paper presents a novel approach to the estimation of SoMPA in Lithium-Ion batteries. This method formulates an optimisation problem for the battery power based on a non-linear dynamic model, where the resulting solutions are functions of the SoC. In the battery model, the polarisation resistance is modelled using fuzzy rules that are function of both SoC and the discharge (charge) current. Particle filtering algorithms are used as an online estimation technique, mainly because these algorithms allow approximating the probability density functions of the SoC and SoMPA even in the case of non-Gaussian sources of uncertainty. The proposed method for SoMPA estimation is validated using the experimental data obtained from an experimental setup designed for charging and discharging the Lithium-Ion batteries.
Polymer electrolyte lithium batteries represent the future of safe, high-energy battery systems. Although great strides have been made in the development of new polymer electrolytes and in understanding how these systems function, progress has been evolutionary in its scope. Further advancement of ambient temperature polymer electrolyte batteries will require new approaches that break with tradition. This report deals with new types of liquid polymers that have not been extensively described in the literature. The work presented in this report represents the beginning of the development of new solid polymer electrolytes. These heteroatomic materials combine the better features of several elements to solubilize and transport select lithium salts more efficiently than traditional ethylene oxide-type polymers. Ambient temperature ionic conductivities of >1×10−3 S/cm are common with this class of polymer electrolytes. An overview and rationale of the approach together with reported materials properties are reported.
In this work, a new porous cross-linked membrane is prepared and used as the separator for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The inorganic zinc oxide nanoparticle (nano-ZnO) was added as a pore-forming agent and filler to the preparation process of membranes composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) and a cross-linked polymer by the copolymerization from poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PEGMEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and octavinyl-T8-silsesquioxane (OVPOSS). The prepared membrane was firstly swollen by propylene carbonate (PC) and nano-ZnO was then eluted by hydrochloric acid to form the microporous structure. The effects of particle size and additive amount of nano-ZnO on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of microporous membranes were studied. SEM analysis showed that 30 nm nano-ZnO was the most suitable diameter for forming microporous structure. It is generally considered that the ionic conductivity is inversely correlated with the mechanical strength of separator. In our research, we have found that 18% addition of nano-ZnO was the most appropriate amount for the preparation of a microporous membrane (CRZ18) with an ionic conductivity of 1.4 mS cm−1 and a tensile strength of 10.7 MPa. Meanwhile, the LiFePO4/Li half-cell assembled with the CRZ18 membrane as a separator exhibited the best C-rate capacity and cycle charge-discharge performance, indicating that the CRZ18 membrane would be a kind of promising separator for the high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Li-ion batteries are crucial components for progress in mobile communications and transport technologies. However, Li-ion batteries suffer from strong self-heating, which limits their life-time and creates reliability and environmental problems. Here we show that thermal management and the reliability of Li-ion batteries can be drastically improved using hybrid phase change material with graphene fillers. Conventional thermal management of batteries relies on the latent heat stored in the phase change material as its phase changes over a small temperature range, thereby reducing the temperature rise inside the battery. Incorporation of graphene to the hydrocarbon-based phase change material allows one to increase its thermal conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude while preserving its latent heat storage ability. A combination of the sensible and latent heat storage together with the improved heat conduction outside of the battery pack leads to a significant decrease in the temperature rise inside a typical Li-ion battery pack. The described combined heat storage–heat conduction approach can lead to a transformative change in thermal management of Li-ion and other types of batteries.
The electrochemical properties of materials derived from NaTi3O6(OH)·2H2O have been investigated for the first time. The parent compound has a corrugated layered structure consisting of {Ti6O14}4− units with hydrated sodium cations and protons in the interlayer spaces. Upon heating to 600 °C, water is removed irreversibly, the interlayer distances become smaller, and connecting bonds between the octahedral layers form. It was found that this material can reversibly intercalate both lithium and sodium. The initial specific discharge capacities, as measured in half-cells, varied with the state of hydration and the nature of the counter electrode (Na or Li). The electrochemical potential showed a non-linear sloping dependence with degree of intercalation, indicative of a solid-solution mechanism of intercalation. The process was centered at a low average potential of about 0.3 V vs. Na or Li, the lowest ever reported for titanate-based Li hosts. The higher density and potential for higher rate capability of this compound, in comparison to carbonaceous materials with similar voltage and reversible capacities, make a compelling case for its development as an anode material, for both lithium and sodium ion batteries.
Polycrystalline samples of isostructural MSb2O4 (M=Co, Ni) have been prepared by solid state synthesis and lithium-storage is investigated as possible anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The reaction mechanism of lithium with MSb2O4 (M=Co, Ni) is explored by galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammogram and ex situ studies. Both CoSb2O4 and NiSb2O4 exhibit similar electrochemical behavior and show reversible capacity of 490 and 412mAhg−1 respectively in the first cycle. Reversible alloying de-alloying of Li x Sb takes place in an amorphous matrix of M (Co, Ni) and Li2O during electrochemical cycling.
Fabrications of micro-dot electrodes of LiCoO2 and Li4Ti5O12 on Au substrates were demonstrated using a sol–gel process combined with a micro-injection technology. A typical size of prepared dots was about 100μm in diameter, and the dot population on the substrate was 2400dotscm−2. The prepared LiCoO2 and Li4Ti5O12 micro-dot electrodes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The prepared LiCoO2 and Li4Ti5O12 micro-dot electrodes were evaluated in an organic electrolyte as cathode and anode for lithium micro-battery, respectively. The LiCoO2 micro-dot electrode exhibited reversible electrochemical behavior in a potential range from 3.8 to 4.2V versus Li/Li+, and the Li4Ti5O12 micro-dot electrode showed sharp redox peaks at 1.5V.
Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material has been synthesized by a spray drying process and subsequent solid state reaction. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is given as additive to the spray drying precursor solution and its effects on structural and electrochemical properties are evaluated. By using PVP in the synthesis process, the obtained sample displays a secondary plate morphology which is consisting of densely arranged primary octahedrally shaped particles. The new cathode material has a lesser degree of impurity phases, a higher discharge capacity, a superior rate capability, and a slightly better cycling performance than the sample synthesized without PVP. In more detail, by the use of PVP the ratio of Mn3+ to Mn4+ in the final product decreases from 20.8 to 9.2%. The initial discharge capacity at 0.1 C exhibits an increase of about 14%. The normalized capacity at 20 C is 84.1% instead of 67.0%. A slightly improved cycling performance with the capacity retention increase from 93.8 to 97.9% could be observed as well.
In patients with a right-sided deep-seated lesion, a causal relationship between a cortical dysfunction in the right temporo-parietal region and the occurrence of neglect has been suggested. In the present study we tried to correlate clinical and quantitative EEG data from a sample of 33 right stroke patients divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of neglect. A 20-channel EEG cartography system was used for EEG mapping. Delta and theta activities were calculated in sixteen regions of interest. The analysis of raw values stressed the importance of the right parieto-temporal cortex to discriminate between the two subgroups of patients. These results suggest that in patients with right subcortical damage, a remote cortical parieto-temporal dysfunction within an intra-hemispheric network is necessary to provoke neglect.
New organic–inorganic hybrid crystalline electrolytes comprised of 12-phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and the ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazole][bis-(fluoromethanesulfonyl)amide] ([BMIM][TFSI]) with high thermal stability and high ion conductivity at high temperatures were obtained. In the new hybrids, there was a strong interaction between [BMIM]+ of the ionic liquid and PWA. The hybrids were very stable up to about 400°C and showed a high ion jump during heating and cooling processes. Based on results from TG–DTA, DSC, and NMR spectroscopy, the ion jump was due to melting and solidification of the hybrid. The structures of powder and single-crystal samples of the hybrids were also studied. The chemical formula of the hybrid in the single crystal was determined to be PW13C32H56O54N8S0.16F0.26. This is nearly the same as those determined from the powder samples. By analyzing single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the hybrid was determined to crystallize in the space group Pca21 with the lattice constants a =18.316(3), b =18.327(3), and c =16.657(3)Å. The powder XRD data of the hybrid were assigned.
Nanoparticles of LiTi1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 (LT1.5Z0.5P) with a nasicon-type structure have been prepared through a sol–gel modified pechini method, which allows a low synthesis temperature and yields a small crystallite size of 36 nm. When implemented as the negative electrode in a hybrid capacitor, LT1.5Z0.5P exhibits a sizable lithium capacity of 6–4 mol below 2.0 V vs. Li/Li+. But the actual capacity being exploited depends on the position of open circuit potential (OCP) at 0% state of charge (SOC). For the capacitor with a 1:1 mass ratio of LT1.5Z0.5P over activated carbon (AC), OCP at 0% SOC generally decreases with increasing mass-specific current and voltage window size, varying between 2.0 and 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+. Hence the LT1.5Z0.5P electrode surpasses the AC electrode in capacitance at high currents, leading to the LT1.5Z0.5P/AC capacitor behaves similar to a double layer capacitor. Conversely, the LT1.5Z0.5P/AC capacitor exhibits more battery-like traits at low specific currents. The maximum energy density of this hybrid cell measures 46.7 Wh kg−1 at voltage window 3.4 V and specific current 70 mA g−1.
Effective integration of CNTs and heteroatom-doped graphene can produce a new functional carbons that combines the extraordinary properties of heteroatom-doped graphene (e.g., catalytic activity, and huge exposed field) with those of CNTs (e.g., mechanical stability, and high electronic conductivity). Herein, we report a straightforward method to manufacture a metal-free, hierarchically porous and N/S co-doped CNT-graphene 3D framework via one-step pyrolysis of the guanine-sulfate and OCNTs. The usage of guanine-sulfate as carbon precursor can yield very regular (2D nanosheet) and in situ nitrogen-doped carbons. By combining with OCNTs, the as-obtained graphene is found to strongly couple with the surface of CNTs, achieving the uniform distribution of both components. Such 3D hybrid shows high activity toward a set of important electrochemical reactions and high-performance in Zn-air batteries. Systematic electrochemical studies indicate the indispensability of both the optimal nitrogen configuration and well-developed porosity for excellent ORR/OER/HER performance. The amount of pyridinic-N and graphitic-N, rather than the total nitrogen content, has a more positive effect on ORR activity, particularly for the onset potential; while the favorable pore size distributions might guarantee a much well-developed diffusion-limited current region and considerable diffusion-limited current value. These results undoubtedly could provide meaningful guidance to develop highly efficient electrocatalysts.
There is a continuous demand for non-precious and cost effective metal based electrocatalyst for carrying out Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). In this paper, we have reported ORR performance of cerium oxide (CeO2) and volcano carbon (VC) composite varying volcano carbon percentage. CeO2/VC composite with different VC wt% was prepared by microwave mediated solvothermal method in just 10 min reaction time. Their electrocatalytic ORR activity was studied using Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) technique in alkaline medium. The CeO2/VC (80 wt%) composite exhibited superior electrochemical stability and methanol tolerance capability as compared to Pt/C. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) study confirmed that in case of CeO2/VC composite, the synergistic interaction between VC and CeO2 leads to enhancement of ORR catalytic activity.
This study extended Battery-free wireless mouse functionality to assess whether two people with developmental disabilities would be able to actively perform designated simple occupational activities according to simple instructions by controlling their favorite environmental stimulation using Battery-free wireless mice with a newly developed extended object location detection program (EOLDP). This study was performed according to an ABAB sequence in which A represented the baseline and B represented intervention phases. Data showed that both participants significantly increased their target responses (performing a designated occupational activity) by activating the control system to produce their preferred environmental stimulation during the intervention phases. Practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed.
Polypyrrole nanospheres were embedded in graphene layers (rGCP) to successfully form three-dimensional hierarchical cross-linking structure through simple hydrothermal method. The structure of rGCP composite mainly resulted from the synergistic effect of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and crumpled graphene layers, which was beneficial for achieving large surface area, short ion diffusion pathway, excellent rate performance and cycling stability. As a result, the hybrid rGCP composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of almost 400Fg−1 at the scan rate of 1mVs−1. Furthermore, even at the high current density of 10Ag−1, it still retained the capacitance of 243.2Fg−1, and excellent cycling stability (91.8% capacitance retention even after 5000 cycles). The as-prepared hierarchical hybrid composite has promising potential in electrochemical energy storage.
One of the greatest challenges for our society is to provide powerful electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries are among the most promising candidates in terms of power- and energy-densities. The choice of electrode material is key to improving the performance of these energy conversion devices. Carbon nanotube arrays (CNTAs) and their composites show good capacity, excellent rate performance, and long cycle life when used as electrode materials because they present superior electronic conductivity, high surface area, developed porous structure, and robust properties. This review deals with recent progress in the fabrication, microstructure, and energy storage performance of different CNTA electrodes and their composites in electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries. In particular, representative examples of our CNTA-based electrodes are highlighted.
In response to the demand for a smaller and lighter valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) battery for motorcycle use, and which retains the performance of the present model, Yuasa has developed a new YT4B model battery. Although this battery is lighter, it possesses similar or even better performance than the two present version in terms of high current drain, capacity retention during standing at high temperature, and recovery by charging after overdischarging. The new battery uses thinner plates, made possible with an expanded grid for better performance. It also features a wet (electrolyte-filled) and charged design for easy handling when installing, and has the same level of safety as the standard YT4B technology.
This work demonstrates an innovative Al-air battery made of paper, which can inhibit Al corrosion, simplify battery system and reduce electrolyte storage. One major advantage of it is its minimum cost of fabrication. The corrosion inhibition effect originates from the high porosity and tortuosity of paper, which restricts the diffusive transport of hydroxyl ions to the Al surface. In this manner, low-grade Al can be directly utilized. Targeted for different application fields, three battery subtypes are proposed. The mechanically-rechargeable battery can be used repeatedly by refreshing its Al anode, providing relatively high power for charging portable electronics. The flexible battery employs embedded Al inside paper as anode and oxygen reduction ink as cathode, which is suitable for various single-use and flexible devices. Lastly, a printable battery is proposed by developing a successful Al ink for anode fabrication. Combined with existing printing techniques, this design may lead to a much smarter and more economic battery application in the future.