batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Na0.67Mn0.65Fe0.35-xNixO2 as a Na storage cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method. The XRD measurement demonstrated that these samples have a pure P2 phase. The charging/discharging tests exhibit that the Na0.67Mn0.65Fe0.35O2 electrode has a high initial capacity of 204 mAh g−1 with a slow capacity decay to 136 mAh g−1, showing higher capacity and considerable cycling performance. When partially substituting Ni for Fe, the Na0.67Mn0.65Fe0.2Ni0.15O2 electrode exhibits higher reversible capacity of 208 mAh g−1 and improved cycling stability with 71% capacity retention over 50 cycles. The greatly improved electrochemical performance for the Na0.67Mn0.65Fe0.2Ni0.15O2 electrode apparently belongs to the contribution of the Ni substitution, which facilitates to improve the electrochemical reversibility of the electrode and alleviate the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn(III). Therefore, the Ni-substituted Na0.67Mn0.65Fe0.2Ni0.15O2 possibly serves as a promising high capacity and stable cathode material for sodium ion battery applications.
This study gives a short overview for current nonwoven separator materials used in nickel–metal-hydride (NiMH) and nickel–cadmium (NiCd) cells. In this context, a new material is presented, which combines the characteristics of ammonia trapping (which is synonymous to a reduced self-discharge of NiMH batteries) together with a neither environmentally nor toxicologically questionable production method, in which either free acrylic acid or fuming sulfuric acid is used.
Compounds of the formula LiCo1−y Cr y O2 (0.0≤y≤0.20 and y=1.0) have been synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction and were characterized by XRD and FT-IR. Hexagonal a and c lattice parameters increase with increasing y as expected from ionic size effects. Cyclic voltammograms reveal that the phase transformation occurring at x=0.5 in Li1−x (Co1−y Cr y )O2 is suppressed for y=0.05 and 0.10. Low-current (0.01 C; 1 C=140 mA g−1) galvanostatic charging curves show that the deintercalation voltage for y=0.05 and 0.10 decrease for a given x as compared to LiCoO2. Galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling of the Li(Co1−y Cr y )O2 cathodes at 0.14 C and 2.7–4.3 V (vs. Li) show that increasing amount of chromium content in the LiCoO2 lattice drastically reduces the amount of Li that can be reversibly cycled. Ex-situ XRD of the cycled cathodes show that slight cation-mixing occurs in the layered structure for y=0.05 and 0.10 and could be the reason for their poor electrochemical performance. Reversible Li intercalation/deintercalation is not possible in LiCrO2 in the voltage range 2.7–4.3 V.
Surface materials on positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries which have been degraded are characterized by ATR technique of FT-IR. Lithium carbonate, PO bond based material, lithium alkyl carbonate (ROCO2Li), and polycarbonate-type compound are detected which have been formed by decomposition reactions of electrolyte solvent and LiPF6 as lithium salt. Stability of lithium carbonate for charging to SOC=100% is depended on the condition during degradation. Especially, it changes to unstable by long time cycling at low temperatures. Formation of polycarbonate-type compound during cycling is remarkable at elevated temperatures. Degradation of batteries is larger in higher temperatures, and it is suggested that the variation of surface structure has relation to degradation of batteries.
Li-rich layered oxides are of great importance as cathode materials for advanced lithium ion batteries. In this work, Li-rich layered Li(Li0.17Ni0.2Co0.05Mn0.58)O2 oxide is synthesized by a spray-drying method, and modified subsequently with CeO2 nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that the surface of the Li(Li0.17Ni0.2Co0.05Mn0.58)O2 oxide is modified with CeO2 nanocrystallites, which exist as isolated nano-particles or a thick CeO2 layer with increasing CeO2 content. After the surface modification with CeO2 nanoparticles, Li(Li0.17Ni0.2Co0.05Mn0.58)O2 oxide presents lower surface charge transfer resistance, larger discharge capacity and higher initial coulombic efficiency. In particular, the modified sample with 1wt % CeO2 shows the optimized cycle stability and high-rate discharge capability. In addition, the thermal stability of the cathode at delithiated state is improved to a certain extent by the surface modification with CeO2 nanoparticles, which is attributed to that the oxygen generated from the initial charge can be absorbed and stored in CeO2 nanoparticles on the surface of Li(Li0.17Ni0.2Co0.05Mn0.58)O2.
We demonstrate a rapid and one-pot solvothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 hierarchical nanorods and flowers like microstructures in a short reaction time (4–10min) at temperature as low as 300–400°C, without any high temperature post-annealing. The ethylene glycol was used as a solvent with hexane and oleic acid as co-solvent and surfactant, respectively. Addition of the co-solvent and/or surfactant played a key role in controlling the morphology and microstructures of the LiFePO4 nanocrystals. The EG and oleic acid were acted as the size and morphology controlling agents and carbon source when annealed at 600°C. Sample exhibited about 90% specific capacity at 0.5°C and showed good cyclic performance. The high-resolution TEM image revealed that these nanorods were self-assembled to form flower like microstructure in presence of oleic acid during the synthesis.
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is an energetic explosive proposed for use in weapon systems, to reduce the sensitivity of warheads. In order to develop toxicity data for safety assessment, we investigated the genotoxicity of NTO, using a battery of genotoxicity tests, which included the Ames test, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell chromosome aberration test, L5178Y TK+/− mouse lymphoma mutagenesis test and rat micronucleus test. NTO was not mutagenic in the Ames test or in Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). NTO did not induce chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells, with or without metabolic activation. In the L5178Y TK+/− mouse lymphoma mutagenesis test, all of the NTO-treated cultures had mutant frequencies that were similar to the average frequencies of solvent control-treated cultures, indicating a negative result. Confirmatory tests for the three in vitro tests also produced negative results. The potential in vivo clastogenicity and aneugenicity of NTO was evaluated using the rat peripheral blood micronucleus test. NTO was administered by oral gavage to male and female Sprague–Dawley rats for 14 days at doses up to 2g/kg/day. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood demonstrated no significant induction of micronucleated reticulocytes relative to the vehicle control (PEG-200). These studies reveal that NTO was not genotoxic in either in vitro or in vivo tests and suggest a low risk of genetic hazards associated with exposure.
Recently, there has been growing interest in developing Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to operate for longer mission durations as well as with higher levels of autonomy. This paper describes the current state of the art in methodologies to enable long range AUVs and provides a detailed literature review of some existing AUVs characterizing their operation endurance. Path planning is identified as the core and crucial components to improve AUV persistence. The aims of path optimization, path re-planning adapting to the dynamic environments, and cooperative path planning of multiple AUVs have received much attention from the research community. This paper presents a review of the main research works focusing on these three technology areas. The main objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of shape and properties of the path and optimization techniques for path planning. These techniques and algorithms have been classified into different classes and their assumptions and drawbacks have been discussed. Finally, the paper discusses the AUV literature in general and highlights challenges that need to be addressed in developing AUVs with advanced autonomy and capable of operating for longer mission durations.
In this paper, we report a porous Fe3O4/carbon composite supercapacitor electrode material possessing great temperature variation-resistive long-term cycle stability. The material is prepared via a facile one-step calcination of an iron-based metal organic framework (Fe-MOF) template and composed of porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon as a result of a well-controlled incomplete annealing process of the MOF template. With this material as an electrode, a specific capacitance of 139Fg−1 at a discharging current density of 0.5Ag−1 can be achieved. More attractively, the specific capacitance is significantly increased when the working temperature is elevated from 0 to 60°C. Furthermore, even after 4000 cycles of charge–discharge at varied temperatures, 83.3% of the capacitance of the electrode material is retained, showing excellent temperature variation-resistive long-term cycle stability of the prepared composite electrode material.
Objective Deficits in cognitive functioning are related to functional disability in people with serious mental illness. Measures of functional capacity are commonly used as a proxy for functional disabilities for cognitive remediation programs, and robust linear relationships between functional capacity and cognitive deficits are frequently observed. This study aimed to determine whether a curvilinear relationship better approximates the association between cognitive functioning and functional capacity. Method Two independent samples were studied. Study 1: participants with schizophrenia (n=435) and bipolar disorder (n=390) aged 18–83 completed a neuropsychological battery and a performance-based measure of functional capacity. Study 2: 205 participants with schizophrenia (age range=39–72) completed a brief neuropsychological screening battery and a performance-based measure of functional capacity. For both studies, linear and quadratic curve estimations were conducted with cognitive performance predicting functional capacity scores. Results Significant linear and quadratic trends were observed for both studies. Study 1: in both the schizophrenia and bipolar participants, when cognitive composite z-scores were >0 (indicating normal to above normal performance), cognition was not related to functional capacity. Study 2: when neuropsychological screening battery z-scores were >−1 (indicating low average to average performance), cognition was not related to functional capacity. Conclusions These results illustrate that in cognitively normal adults with serious mental illness, the relationship between cognitive function and functional capacity is relatively weak. These findings may aid clinicians and researchers determine who may optimally benefit from cognitive remediation programs, with greater benefits possibly being achieved for individuals with cognitive deficits relative to individuals with normal cognition.
Epidemiological studies associate whole grain consumption with a reduced risk of many diseases. This paper focuses on the antioxidant component of cereal dietary fibre starting from its chemical structure, bioavailability and biological meaning. By the critical assessment of the intervention studies performed using cereal bran and whole grains, the hypothesis that the slow and continuous release in the gut of the dietary fibre bound antioxidants determines the health benefits, is illustrated. In the last part of the work, new perspectives and technological possibilities to enhance the health potential of this cereal component are also highlighted.
Vanadium oxide films were synthesised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) from pure of triisopropoxyvanadium oxide (VO(OC3H7)3) and oxygen as precursors. The influence of the substrate on the crystallinity of the vanadium oxide films was studied before and after annealing at 500°C. On mica substrates, as-deposited film was composed of crystalline V2O5 as revealed by XRD. On Pt, Ti, stainless steel, glass and F-doped SnO2 substrates, an annealing procedure was required to get V2O5. SEM investigations have clearly evidence V2O5 plates but the kinetics growth seems to be strongly dependent on the nature of the substrate. The insertion/extraction of Li+ into the host structure was investigated in 1M LiClO4-PC with annealed V2O5 films deposited on Ti, Pt and stainless steel substrates. The best electrochemical performances were obtained in the potential range 3.8–2.8V versus Li/Li+ with V2O5 films deposited onto stainless steel substrate: the reversible capacity reaches after subsequent cycles was about 115mAhg−1 (rate C/23). In a wider potential range (between 3.8 and 2.2V versus Li/Li+), V2O5 deposited onto Ti substrate exhibited the higher electrochemical performances (220mAhg−1 for a rate of C/23).
Monoclinic MgF2 and C co-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) has been investigated as long life cathode of lithium-ion battery. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that MgF2 modification has not changed the structure of LVP/C. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows that the thickness of the uniform amorphous hybrid coating is about 10nm. The research shows that the novel co-coating significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance of LVP cathode material, which is attributed to synergistic effect between MgF2 and C coating. MgF2 layer can restrain the dissolution of V element and enhance the structural stability of LVP in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the presence of the carbon coating enhances the electron conductivity. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further demonstrates that the hybrid coating is beneficial for structural stability of LVP/C during cycling. In conclusion, it can be speculated that the hybrid coating of MgF2 and C should be an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of LVP.
DSCR1 (adapt78) is a stress-inducible gene and cytoprotectant. Its protein product, DSCR1 (Adapt78), also referred to as MCIP1, inhibits intracellular calcineurin, a phosphatase that mediates many cellular responses to calcium. Exposure of human U251 and HeLa cells to hydrogen peroxide led to a rapid hyperphosphorylation of DSCR1 (Adapt78). Inhibitor and agonist studies revealed that a broad range of kinases were not responsible for DSCR1 (Adapt78) hyperphosphorylation, including ERK1/2, although parallel activation of the latter was observed. Phosphorylation of both DSCR1 (Adapt78) and ERK1/2 was attenuated by inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatase, suggesting the common upstream involvement of tyrosine dephosphorylation. The hyperphosphorylation electrophoretic shift in DSCR1 (Adapt78) mobility was also observed with other oxidizing agents (peroxynitrite and menadione) but not nonoxidants. Calcium ionophores strongly induced the levels of both hypo- and hyper-phosphorylated DSCR1 (Adapt78) but did not alter phosphorylation status. Calcium-dependent growth factor- and angiotensin II-stimulation also induced both DSCR1 (Adapt78) species. Phosphorylation of either or both serines in a 13-amino acid peptide made to a calcineurin-interacting conserved region of DSCR1 (Adapt78) attenuated inhibition of calcineurin. These data indicate that DSCR1 (Adapt78) protein is a novel, early stage oxidative stress-activated phosphorylation target and newly identified calcium-inducible protein, and suggest that these response mechanisms may contribute to the known cytoprotective and calcineurin-inhibitory activities of DSCR1 (Adapt78).
The constant polarization voltage is managed for battery heating to achieve a good tradeoff between short heating time and less damage to battery lifetime based on an electro-thermal coupled model. The optimal frequency for maximum heat generation rate at a certain temperature is determined, which is different from the frequency for minimum total impedance. Heating under variable frequency is almost the same as under a constant frequency in terms of heating time and efficiency. However, engineering realization for variable frequency is more difficult, implying that constant frequency heating is a more promising candidate. The optimal frequency during the overall heating process, which is always lower than that at the initial temperature, can be evaluated from the intermediate temperature with low computational effort. Experimental results demonstrate that the heating time at the optimal frequency, corresponding to the maximum heat generation during the overall heating process, is the shortest with high efficiency. The battery is heated from −15.4°C to 5.6°C within 338s, an average temperature-rise rate of 3.73°C/min with an essentially uniform temperature distribution. The proposed heating strategy, which is experimentally verified with no apparent detrimental effect on battery health, is of great potential for rapidly improving operating performance of electric vehicles in cold weather.
The publication reports, for the first time, on the synthesis of aromatic-based ionomers bearing superacid side groups bonded to a highly hydrophobic fluorinated aromatic backbone. The incorporation of the side group on the backbone takes place in one step via a nucleophilic substitution. The membranes obtained from these new ionomers show phase separation at nanoscale and moderate water uptake even at high ion exchange capacity (IEC), i.e. 1.7 meq/g. Additionally, their conductivity and mechanical strength are much higher than those of the benchmarked ionomer Nafion®, which makes them very promising materials for fuel cell application.
The synthesis of rod-like LiFePO4/C cathodes using template-free reverse micelle process is reported for high performance lithium batteries. We have demonstrated that the size of the primary particles could be controlled based on sintering temperature and sintering time and size of the large aggregates is adjustable based on the carbon content of the sample. Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis have been used to propose a possible mechanism for the formation rod-like LiFePO4/C cathode material. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharge measurements have been used to characterize the material. Electrochemical performance of rod-like LiFePO4/C cathode material offers higher initial capacity and excellent rate capability than that obtained by loose porous LiFePO4/C material due to unique rod-like composite material formed by primary nanoparticles. Hence, it can be suggested that that the rod-like nanostructured morphology improves structural stability, lithium ion diffusion and electronic conductivity of the LiFePO4/C composite material. The template-free reverse micelle process for the synthesis of the rod-like LiFePO4/C cathode material opens up a new route to synthesize lithium transition metal oxides with controlled morphologies for applications in high power lithium batteries.
High energy density lithium-ion batteries are eagerly required to electric vehicles more competitive. In a variety of circumstances closely associated with the energy density of the battery, positive electrode material is known as a crucial one to be tackled. Among all kinds of materials for lithium-ion batteries, nickel-rich layered oxides have the merit of high specific capacity compared to LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4. They have already become one of the most attractive candidates for the mainstream batteries in industries. In this work, the recent advances on three commonly concerned nickel-rich layered oxides are presented. The preparation, microstructure, electrochemical performances are focused, the modification including coating design as well as dopant selection is specially discussed in details, which is essential to enhance the durability and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, the prospects and challenges are also systematically discussed, as well as the potential applications in the field of energy storage technologies.
Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) was used to investigate the impact of delithiated Li0FePO4 on the decomposition of LiPF6-based electrolyte. We used 1 M LiPF6 in a solvent mixture composed of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate ( 1:1 w/w). Commercially available LiFePO4-based 18650 lithium-ion cells were completely charged up to a cut-off voltage of 4.2 V and afterwards disassembled in an argon filled glove box. The whole sample preparation for an ARC experiment was carried out under argon atmosphere to prevent atmospheric influences. Beside the self heating rate, we also analysed the pressure rise during an experiment to evaluate the influence of delithiated Li0FePO4 on the electrolyte decomposition, which is primarily initiated by the conducting salt LiPF6. The results show both in the self heating rate and the pressure development an inhibiting effect of delithiated Li0FePO4 on the electrolyte decomposition. This effect is independent of the state of charge (SOC) and seems to be typical for (delithiated) Li0FePO4 in contrast to a commercial Li[Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33]O2/LiCoO2 blend. Besides that, we investigated the thermal behaviour of the bare Li0FePO4 and in presence of salt-free solvent. X-ray diffraction after measurements of delithiated Li0FePO4 in presence of electrolyte or salt-free solvent showed a new crystalline phase.
Li atoms can be inserted electrochemically into the vacant sites in the host framework structure of hexagonal Cr0.5Nb1.5(PO4)3 (an analog of Nasicon). Intercalation of lithium into this compound is achieved electrochemically at room temperature. The compound, Cr0.5Nb1.5(PO4)3, is used as a cathode of a secondary battery without any lithium initially present in the starting material. The performance of this material is discussed in view of its discharge. XRD, SEM and ESCA spectral studies are carried out on electrode surfaces before and after the insertion/extraction reactions and the results are presented.
Battery systems have been developed that provide years of service for implantable medical devices. The primary systems utilize lithium metal anodes with cathode systems including iodine, manganese oxide, carbon monofluoride, silver vanadium oxide and hybrid cathodes. Secondary lithium ion batteries have also been developed for medical applications where the batteries are charged while remaining implanted. While the specific performance requirements of the devices vary, some general requirements are common. These include high safety, reliability and volumetric energy density, long service life, and state of discharge indication. Successful development and implementation of these battery types has helped enable implanted biomedical devices and their treatment of human disease.
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are strongly dependent on the development of anodes with high safety and good electrochemical performance. Here, we achieved excellent anode performance of KIBs based on the synergy of dipotassium terephthalate (K2TP) and a 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolyte for the first time. The K2TP is featured as a typical layered structure with K+ transport channels. It delivers a large capacity of 249 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and a high capacity retention of 94.6% after 500 cycles of discharge and charge at 1000 mA g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 100%. This is attributed to the active carboxylate groups and the flexible molecular structure of K2TP, and the stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed in the DME-based electrolyte. Furthermore, the redox voltage around 0.6 V of K2TP favors K+ insertion rather than deposition during discharge. These make K2TP a promising anode material for KIBs, and encourage more investigations into the new system of KIBs.