batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The perception of and memory for faces, with or without emotional content, were studied in 43 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who had undergone unilateral resection of the hippocampus and the amygdala and in 43 healthy participants for comparison. Each participant performed four tasks from the Florida Affect Battery (Facial Discrimination, Affect Discrimination, Affect Naming, Affect Selection) and two memory tasks (in one case of a face and in the other of a facial expression). Findings indicated that, although patients with unilateral temporal lobectomy (right or left) showed no difficulty in discriminating faces, they were not as good at remembering faces. Also, patients who had had a left temporal lobectomy showed impairment in discriminating facial expressions, in the memory of a facial expression and/or in naming facial expressions.
FePO4/graphene and LiFePO4/graphene hybrids have been synthesized by an eco-friendly RAAP-directed growth method. With this strategy, FePO4 and LiFePO4 particles have been grown on the exfoliated graphene-assembled scaffolds. Both of the hybrids present superior electrochemical properties, i.e., high rate capability combined with good capacity retention upon cycling, indicating the great potential as the cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Cu2O was directly grown on Cu foam via a facile electrochemical corrosion method by the aid of H2O2. Galvanostatic battery testing shows that the Cu2O–Cu electrode exhibits excellent cycle stability and rate capability. It delivers charge and discharge capacity about 0.76mAhcm−2 without attenuation over 100cycles under a charge/discharge rate of 0.15C. After testing at various rates from 0.2 to 35C over 60cycles, the 5th-cycle discharge capacity can resume 98.9% when lowering the charge/discharge rate to 0.2C. The performances are due to both the fine electric contact between Cu2O and Cu foam and a possible porous architecture of Cu2O electrode. The electrochemical reaction kinetic of Cu2O–Cu electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry measurement at various scan rate, which indicates the anodic and cathodic peak currents show linear dependence on the square root of scan rate from 0.1 to 3mVs−1, suggesting a lithium ion diffusion controlled mechanism in the charge/discharge process.
A polytriphenylamine (PTPAn)-modified separator was prepared simply by impregnating triphenylamine monomers into a commercial Celgard separator and in situ polymerizing the monomers into electroactive phase by oxidant ozone. This type of electroactive separator can transform from an insulating state to a conductive state at overcharged voltage of ∼3.7V (vs. Li+/Li) and act as a self-actuating potential-switchable separator for overcharge protection of LiFePO4/C Li-ion batteries. The experimental results demonstrated that this electroactive separator can reversibly control the cell's voltage at the safe value less than 4.15V at high rate overcharge of 2C current without obvious negative impact on the normal charge–discharge performances of the commercial LiFePO4/C batteries even at prolonged overcharge cycling, showing a potential application in 3.6V-class lithium-ion batteries.
Combined oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most commonly prescribed medication in women of reproductive age, but despite widespread use, their effect on cognitive performance remains controversial. Given strong evidence for the neurological impact of reproductive hormones, a clear rationale for investigation exists. This systematic review sought to identify, collate and critically appraise studies assessing the impact of OCs on cognition in healthy premenopausal women. Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE were comprehensively searched using relevant keywords for original peer-reviewed observational studies or randomised trials published after 1960. Of 1289 references screened, 22 studies were eligible for inclusion. Assembled evidence supports a cognitive impact of OCs restricted to specific domains; however, the quality of evidence is poor. The most consistent finding is improved verbal memory with OC use. Evidence is also emerging that differing progestin androgenicity may lead diverse OC formulations to differentially impact certain cognitive domains, such as visuospatial ability. At present, evidence is inconclusive, contradictory and limited by methodological inconsistencies. There is scope for further research in this area to definitively determine the cognitive impact of OCs.
All-solid-state thin-film secondary cells were prepared using transition metal hexacyanometallates as anode and cathode materials. Two different approaches were employed to prepare highly stable films of the electroactive materials viz. using aluminum substrate as current collector and deposition under centrifugal forces. At the first stage, the cell design was examined for a well-known case, Prussian blue (PB) secondary cell. The experimental results were indicative of the fact that the cell properties such as its charge/discharge behavior, specific capacity, cyclability, and coulombic efficiency are significantly improved. At the second state, the cell design proposed was successfully used to fabricate a high-voltage secondary cell based on chromium hexacyanochromate (CrHCC) anode and Prussian blue (PB) cathode. Then, eight unit cells were connected in series to prepare a rechargeable battery with an operating voltage of ca. 20V. Thus, the results are of interest for the preparation of microbatteries with specified properties.
Studies of deep-diving beaked whales using Argos satellite-linked location-depth tags frequently return data with large gaps in the diving record. We document the steps taken to eliminate these data gaps and collect weeks of continuous time series data for a behavioral response study that took place in 2017. We used baseline data collected from 2014 to 2016 to analyze message diagnostics, and assess our current programming schedule using a multiple criteria decision making matrix (MCDM), as a robust way to develop a new sampling regime.
Nano-sized composite with LiFePO4-core and carbon-shell was synthesized via a facile route followed by heat treatment at 650°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the core is well crystallized LiFePO4. The electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) observations show that the core-shell structured LiFePO4/C composite coating with whole carbon shell layer of ∼2.8nm, possesses a specific surface area of 51m2 g−1. As cathode material for lithium ion battery, the core-shell LiFePO4/C composite exhibits high initial capacity of 161mAhg−1 at 0.1C, excellent high-rate discharge capacity of 135mAhg−1 at 5C and perfect cycling retention of 99.6% at 100th cycle. All these promising results should be contributed to the core-shell nanostructure which prevents collapse of the particle structure in the long-term charge and discharge cycles, as well as the large surface area of the nano-sized LiFePO4/C composite which enhances the electronic conductivity and shortens the distance of lithium ion diffusion.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into liquid fuels using electricity from renewable sources has been attracting considerable interest because of the present energy and environmental crisis. However, current electrocatalysts for this reaction generally suffer from either high cost for noble metal based catalysts or low energetic efficiency and poor product selectivity for other transition metal or carbon based materials. In this paper, we report a catalyst based on two–dimensional SnS2 nanosheets supported on reduced graphene oxide (SnS2/rGO) synthesized by a “one–pot” hydrothermal reaction for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into formate with high activity, selectivity and durability. The catalyst is capable of producing formate at an overpotential as low as 0.23V and reaches a maximum faradaic efficiency of 84.5% and the current density of 13.9mAcm–2 at an overpotential of 0.68V in aqueous bicarbonate medium. Microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations reveal that the electrocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction arises from the presence of reduced metallic tin formed from SnS2 under cathodic electrolysis conditions; the enhanced performance is attributed to the residual SnS2. This sulfide–derived metal catalyst with enhanced performance may open a perspective on a new promising class of materials for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
Creating two-dimensional (2D) geometry from nonlayered catalytic materials may significantly advance electrocatalyst design. The 2D morphology of three-dimensional lattices (2D nonlayered materials) offer large structural distortions, massive surface dangling bonds, and coordinated-unsaturated surface atoms, which can induce high surface chemical activity and promote the chemisorption of reactants and fast interfacial charge transfer, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. In this article, we review typical strategies for structural engineering and manipulation of electronic states to enable the unique electrocatalytic advantages of 2D nonlayered materials. An overview is presented on recent research advances in the development of 2D nonlayered materials for catalyzing the representative electrochemical reactions that are essential to energy and sustainability, including hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, and CO2 reduction. For each type of redox reactions, their unique catalytic performance and underlying mechanism are discussed. Important achievements and key challenges are also discussed.
In this work, two materials for secondary lithium battery cathodes formed by polyaniline–V2O5 and sulfonated polyaniline–V2O5, which have a higher charge capacity than the V2O5 xerogel, were synthesized. X-ray absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies were employed to analyze the short-range interactions in these materials. Based on these experiments, it was possible to observe significant differences in the symmetry of the VO5 units, and this was attributed to the intimate contact between V2O5 and the polymers, and to some flexibility of the VO5 square pyramids due to the low range order of the nanocomposites.
Electrode reaction of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)nickel complexes, [Ni(bpy)3]3+ and [Ni(bpy)3]2+, was investigated in an aprotic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMPTFSA) using AC impedance spectroscopy. The formal potential of [Ni(bpy)3]3+/2+ was 1.37V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium at 25°C. The diffusion coefficients of [Ni(bpy)3]3+ and [Ni(bpy)3]2+ at 25°C were 4.2 and 7.0×10−8 cm2 s−1, respectively, which are close to those of [M(bpy)3]3+ and [M(bpy)3]2+ (M=Ru and Fe) due to the similarity in the charge densities. The activation energies for the diffusion coefficients were close to that for the viscosity of the ionic liquid, indicating the viscosity is a major factor that determine the diffusion of the complexes. The rate constant of [Ni(bpy)3]3+/2+ was 8.3×10−6 cm s−1, which is smaller by two orders of magnitude than those for [Ru(bpy)3]3+/2+ and [Fe(bpy)3]3+/2+, reflecting the slow electron transfer caused by participation of the anti-bonding molecular orbital in the redox reaction. The apparent activation energy for the rate constant of [Ni(bpy)3]3+/2+ is considered determined not only by the activation energy for the viscosity but also by the reorganization energy, of which the inner component is larger than those in [Ru(bpy)3]3+/2+ and [Fe(bpy)3]3+/2+.
Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) has garnered extensive attention as cathode materials for LiS batteries in recent years because of its advantages such as high sulfur utilization efficiency, high Coulombic efficiency and low self-discharge rate. However, it is difficult to effectively balance the conflict between a high S loading (> 45wt%) and cycling stability for S-PAN. In this work, we employed an in situ wrapping method to improve the cycling performance of high-S-content S-PAN. Compared with the unwrapped S-PAN, the capacity retention ratio of the wrapped S-PAN cathode increased from 38% to 62% after 100cycles at 0.25C. The analyzed results suggested that the wrapping layer on the high-S-content S-PAN may compose a mixture of sulfide, inorganic LiBxOy and some organic compounds.
High performance Al2O3@NFs/PET/NFs separator possessing hierarchically three-dimensional tortuous structure has been developed to promote the cell performance of NFs/PET/NFs separator. The separator comprises a poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwoven sandwiched between two poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofirous membrane and inorganic Al2O3 coating layers on both sides for surface modification. The Al2O3@NFs/PET/NFs separator shows high porosity and impressively superior electrolyte affinity, thus resulting in higher ion conductivity, smaller interfacial resistance, excellent rate capabilities and cycling performance, compared to the NFs/PET/NFs separator and a commercial PP/PE/PP separator. This high cell performance can be ascribed to synergetic effects of inherent good hydrophilicity of γ-Al2O3 nanopowder coatings and well-designed tortuous nanoporous structure of NFs/PET/NFs membrane. This study suggests that the Al2O3@NFs/PET/NFs separator is a desirable alternative to commercial lithium-ion battery separators, especially promising for large-sized lithium batteries.
The cycle life performance of rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) cells was examined by using DME/DOX (4/1) solvent systems, where supporting electrolyte systems used were classified into the two groups: (1) conventional lithium salts and (2) mixed salts composed of lithium salt and imidazolium salt. To analyze the effect of the imidazolium cation on the cycle life characteristics of secondary Li–S cells, we applied the following three kinds of immidazolium salts, with the same anion, to the mixed-salt systems: 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI); 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMITFSI); 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfony)imide (DMPITFSI). Even after 100 cycles, the EMI- and BMI-added Li–S cells showed much larger capacities, 721 and 642mAhg−1-sulfur, respectively, when compared to that (534mAhg−1-sulfur) of the LiTFSI-based Li–S cells. By contrast, the DMPI-added Li–S cells showed poor cycle life performance in that their capacity decreased to below 200mAhg−1-sulfur even before 10 cycles. It is probable that this phenomenon is due mainly to the deactivation of the carbon cathode caused by coating of non-conductive and insoluble materials, which might result from side reactions between DMPI and lithium polysulfides.
Zn–Mn electrodeposition onto Pt from an electrolyte containing boric–sorbitol complex (BSC) or boric acid alone (BA) was studied. The influence of BA or BSC content on the deposition process was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrodeposits, produced potentiostatically, were analysed by SEM, EDX, and XRD. The voltammetric studies indicated that an increase in the BSC concentration led to a decrease in the deposition current density. EDX analysis of deposits obtained at −1.60 V showed that increasing the BA or BSC concentration in the bath induced a fall in the Mn content of the electrodeposit and that for BSC this decrease was more significant. SEM images showed that the Zn–Mn electrodeposit obtained in the presence of 0.24 M BSC were smoother than other deposits; hence, BSC acted as a grain refiner at this concentration. XRD analysis of this deposit indicated that it was composed of Zn, Mn, MnZn13, and MnH0.8.
A five-state nonhomogeneous Markov chain model, which is an effective and promising way to accelerate the Li-ion battery design process by investigating the capacity fading dynamics of different formulations during the battery design phase, is reported. The parameters of this model are linked to known physicochemical degradation dynamics and material properties. Herein, the states and behaviors of the active materials in Li-ion batteries are modelled. To verify the efficiency of the proposed model, a dataset from approximately 3years of cycling capacity fading experiments of various formulations using several different materials provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Limited (CATL), as well as a NASA dataset, are employed. The capabilities of the proposed model for different amounts (50%, 70%, and 90%) of available experimental capacity data are tested and analyzed to assist with the final design determination for manufacturers. The average relative errors of life cycling prediction acquired from these tests are less than 2.4%, 0.8%, and 0.3%, even when only 50%, 70%, and 90% of the data, respectively, is available for different anode materials, electrolyte materials, and individual batteries. Furthermore, the variance is 0.518% when only 50% of the data are available; i.e., one can save at least 50% of the total experimental time and cost with an accuracy greater than 97% in the design phase, which demonstrates an effective and promising way to accelerate the Li-ion battery design process. The qualitative and quantitative analyses conducted in this study suggest that the proposed model provides an accurate, robust, and simple way to accelerate the Li-ion battery design process for battery manufacturers, thereby enabling rapid market capture.
ACT-R, as a useful and well-known cognitive architecture, is a theory for simulating and understanding human cognition. However, the standard version of this architecture uses a deprecated forgetting model. So, we equipped it with a temporal ratio model of memory that has been named as SIMPLE (Scale-Independent Memory, Perception, and Learning). On the other hand, one of the usages of cognitive architectures is to model the user in an Intelligent Adaptive Interface (IAI) implementation. Thus, our motivation for this effort is to use this equipped ACT-R in an IAI to deliver the right information at the right time to users based on their cognitive needs. So, to test our proposed equipped ACT-R, we designed and implemented a new IAI to control a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This IAI uses the equipped ACT-R for user cognitive modeling, to deliver the right information to the users based on their forgetting model. Thus, our contributions are: equipping the ACT-R cognitive architecture with the SIMPLE memory model and using this equipped version of ACT-R for user modeling in a new IAI to control a group of UAVs. Simulation results, which have been obtained using different subjective and objective measures, show that we significantly improved situation awareness of the users using the IAI empowered by our equipped ACT-R.
This Case Study describes in detail a case of progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The patient was initially asymptomatic, but developed progressive brain atrophy and deficits on neuropsychological testing before the clinical onset of cognitive impairment. The authors use this case as a springboard to discuss advances in the genetics of FTLD with an emphasis on the importance of serial cognitive testing and neuroimaging.
In this study, we report the fabrication of a stretchable and patchable array of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) using a gel-type electrolyte of poly(methyl methacrylate)–propylene carbonate–lithium perchlorate. As electrodes, a layer-by-layer-assembled thin film of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a top layer of Mn3O4 nanoparticles was used. The fabricated MSC maintained over 85% of its performance for 2 weeks in ambient air without encapsulation owing to the use of a non-aqueous solvent based gel electrolyte. Dry-transferred MSC arrays on a specially designed stretchable polymer substrate exhibited stable electrochemical performance under various deformations, including bending, twisting, both uniaxial and biaxial stretching up to 50%, and winding around the curved substrate. Furthermore, the encapsulated MSC array with a thin polymer film directly attached to skin maintained its electrochemical performance under repeated body movement, cycles of attachment–detachment, and even in water. This study clearly demonstrates a stretchable and patchable MSC array for practical use as an energy storage device that can be attached to the body for electronic function, even under wet conditions.
Hierarchical Ni-Co-Mn ternary oxide nanosheets on nickel foam have been synthesized by a two-step strategy involving chemical bath deposition (CBD) and subsequent thermal annealing treatment. The Ni-Co-Mn oxide nanosheets are directly used for electrochemical investigation and possess a high specific capacity of 715.1Cg−1 at a current density of 1Ag−1. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor device is successfully fabricated by employing Ni-Co-Mn ternary oxide electrode as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode. The hybrid supercapacitor device with optimized cell voltage of 1.6V exhibits a maximum energy density of 36.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 320Wkg−1 and good cycling stability. The excellent electrochemical behaviors indicate that Ni-Co-Mn oxide nanosheets are highly desirable for high capacity energy storage devices.
Reliable change indices (RCIs) and standardized regression-based (SRB) change score norms permit evaluation of meaningful changes in test scores following treatment interventions, like epilepsy surgery, while accounting for test–retest reliability, practice effects, score fluctuations due to error, and relevant clinical and demographic factors. Although these methods are frequently used to assess cognitive change after epilepsy surgery in adults, they have not been widely applied to examine cognitive change in children with epilepsy. The goal of the current study was to develop RCIs and SRB change score norms for use in children with epilepsy. Sixty-three children with epilepsy (age range: 6–16; M=10.19, SD=2.58) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations at two time points an average of 12months apart. Practice effect-adjusted RCIs and SRB change score norms were calculated for all cognitive measures in the battery. Practice effects were quite variable across the neuropsychological measures, with the greatest differences observed among older children, particularly on the Children's Memory Scale and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. There was also notable variability in test–retest reliabilities across measures in the battery, with coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.92. Reliable change indices and SRB change score norms for use in assessing meaningful cognitive change in children following epilepsy surgery are provided for measures with reliability coefficients above 0.50. This is the first study to provide RCIs and SRB change score norms for a comprehensive neuropsychological battery based on a large sample of children with epilepsy. Tables to aid in evaluating cognitive changes in children who have undergone epilepsy surgery are provided for clinical use. An Excel sheet to perform all relevant calculations is also available to interested clinicians or researchers.