batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Although many children experience difficulties for reading (RLD) and arithmetic (ALD) for a variety of reasons, Developmental Dyslexia (RD) and Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) appear to be due to a brain dysfunction that causes deficit in lower-level processes. Here, we report two large scale prevalence studies based on this neurocognitive approach. In the first study (HCS), 11,652 children between 2nd and 9th grades of a Havana City municipality were evaluated. The second study (NS) included 16,097 children of 3rd and 6th grades from urban and rural schools of the country. In the first stage of testing, achievement tests were administered and the prevalence of RLD and ALD was obtained. In the second stage, theoretically-motivated neuropsychological batteries were used to assess the prevalence of RD and DD. In the HCS the prevalence of RLD and ALD was 14.8% and 8.17% whereas in the NS was 6.35% and 7.19%, respectively. The prevalence of RD and DD in the HCS was 2.57% and 5.9% whereas in the NS was 4.27% and 3.17%, respectively. For all disabilities there was a significant preponderance of boys respect to girls. Our results support that RD and DD children comprise a subset with highly selective deficits to basic-level representations. These deficits can be measured by item-timed tests of basic capacities.
This paper presents a local level study of a village off-grid system in Bangladesh. It applies an integrated methodology that identifies the demand in the off-grid village context using alternative scenarios. The techno-economic analysis of the optimal off-grid system architecture is then presented using HOMER software. Three energy resources are considered, namely solar energy, wind and diesel fuel. The optimal configuration suggested for the scenarios consists of diesel generators for the basic level of demand and PV-diesel hybrid for higher demand and reliable supply scenarios. The cost of electricity per kWh remains high for the basic level of supply and decreases as the system size increases. However, the capital and asset replacement costs increased considerably for bigger systems. The business case is then analysed for each scenario and it was found that it is practically impossible to reach grid price parity even with full capital cost subsidy, indicating significant amount of operating cost subsidy requirement that makes the larger systems financially unsustainable. Moreover, the small mini-grid system for the basic level of supply emerges as a cheaper option than providing the consumers with solar home systems. But the monthly electricity bill will become unaffordable for most consumers when demand restrictions are removed. Accordingly, the paper suggests a mini-grid based electricity supply to provide the basic level of provision alongside productive energy use during off-peak hours as the starting point. If the business develops and the demand improves, the system can be expanded subsequently using appropriate technology combinations.
Herein is reported the electrochemical performance of Na0.45Ni0.22Co0.11Mn0.66O2 as cathode material for lithium and sodium batteries. The material is able to reversibly accommodate both cation species but reveals a much better electrochemical performance towards Na-ion intercalation. Upon galvanostatic cycling for 100 cycles a much higher capacity retention (82% vs. Na, 61% vs. Li) and higher coulombic efficiency (99.5% vs. Na, 98.5% vs. Li) are shown by the sodium-based system. The worse electrochemical performance of the lithium-based system can be explained by the much higher irreversibility of the Mn3+/Mn4+ redox process.
Standard intelligence scales require both verbal and manipulative responses, making it difficult to use in cerebral palsy and leading to underestimate their actual performance. This study aims to compare three intelligence tests suitable for the heterogeneity of cerebral palsy in order to identify which one(s) could be more appropriate to use. Forty-four subjects with bilateral dyskinetic cerebral palsy (26 male, mean age 23 years) conducted the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3rd (PPVT-III) and the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV). Furthermore, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed. The results show that PPVT-III gives limited information on cognitive performance and brain correlates, getting lower intelligence quotient scores. The WNV provides similar outcomes as RCPM, but cases with severe motor impairment were unable to perform it. Finally, the RCPM gives more comprehensive information on cognitive performance, comprising not only visual but also verbal functions. It is also sensitive to the structural state of the brain, being related to basal ganglia, thalamus and white matter areas such as superior longitudinal fasciculus. So, the RCPM may be considered a standardized easy-to-administer tool with great potential in both clinical and research fields of bilateral cerebral palsy.
Accurate and reliable estimation of battery state of charge (SOC) and capacity is essential for the management of the lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles. In this paper, a novel joint estimation approach of battery SOC and capacity with an adaptive variable multi-timescale framework is proposed, which also deals with the interference of current measurement offset (CMO) effectively. Aiming at the problem of unknown CMO, which will affect the accuracy of battery modeling and state estimation, an original two-stage recursive least squares algorithm is raised to identify the battery model parameters and the CMO quickly. The adaptive extended Kalman filter is applied to improve the SOC estimation accuracy by updating the noise covariance adaptively, and the recursive total least squares is used to estimate capacity with the consideration that both the battery SOC estimation and charge accumulation suffer from noises. Finally, a joint estimation of SOC and capacity structure is founded, and to address the issue of different varying characteristics of battery SOC and capacity, a novel adaptive variable multi-timescale framework is proposed. The experimental results indicate the accuracy, convergence, and adaptivity of the proposed method in different working conditions.
Nano-crystalline (Ba0.5Sr0.5)Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ powder has been successfully synthesized by a novel sol–gel thermolysis method using a unique combination of PVA and urea. The decomposition and crystallization behaviour of the gel precursor was studied by TG/DTA analysis. The gel precursor was calcined at different temperatures and the phase evoluation was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From the result of X-ray diffraction patterns, it is found that a cubic perovskite (Ba0.5Sr0.5)Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ was formed by calcining the precursor at 450°C for 5h, but the well-crystalline cubic perovskite (Ba0.5Sr0.5)Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ was obtained by calcining the precursor at 650°C for 5h. Morphological analysis of the powder calcined at various temperatures was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermogravimetric (TG) results showed the lattice oxygen loss of the product was about ∼2% in its original weight in the temperature range 40–900°C. Finally, thermal expansion and electrical conductivity of the synthesized material were measured by dilatometer and four-probe dc method, respectively.
Background Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) afflicts 2%-10% of adult men. Available therapies offer little or no proven benefit. Because acupuncture represents an attractive “natural” therapy, we compared the efficacy of acupuncture to sham acupuncture for CP/CPPS. Methods Participants met US National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria for CP/CPPS, were aged ≥20 years old, and had a total score ≥15 on the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and symptoms for at least 3 of the preceding 6 months. They were randomized 1:1 to acupuncture or sham acupuncture. Treatment consisted of twice-weekly 30-minute sessions for 10 weeks (20 sessions total) without needle stimulation, herbs, or adjuvants. The primary response criterion was a 6-point decrease from baseline to week 10 in NIH-CPSI total score (range 0-43). Results Thirty-two (73%) of 44 participants responded in the acupuncture group compared with 21 (47%) of 45 sham group participants (relative risk 1.81, 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.1, P = .02). Long-term responses 24 weeks after completing therapy without additional treatment occurred in 14 (32%) of 44 acupuncture group participants and in 6 (13%) of 45 sham group participants (relative risk 2.39, 95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.6, P = .04). Conclusions After 10 weeks of treatment, acupuncture proved almost twice as likely as sham treatment to improve CP/CPPS symptoms. Participants receiving acupuncture were 2.4-fold more likely to experience long-term benefit than were participants receiving sham acupuncture.
In view of the complicated synthesis procedures of metallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in general preparation, we here report a facile route for synthesizing porous nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanoflake array (Ni-Co LDH-NFA) on nickel foam on the base of our previously reported leaf-like Co-containing zeolitic imidazolate framworks (ZIF-L-Co). The ZIF-L-Co nanoflake array (ZIF-NFA) is first grown on nickel foam, which serves as a sacrificial template to synthesize Ni-Co LDH-NFA when it reacts with nickel nitrate at room temperature. The as-prepared Ni-Co LDH-NFA could be directly used as battery-type electrodes without polymer binder. Due to the highly ordered layered crystal structure of LDH and the well-defined porous nanostructure of nanoflake array, such Ni-Co LDH-NFA electrode exhibits outstanding specific capacity of 894Cg−1 at a current density of 2Ag−1. In addition, an assembled asymmetric supercapacitor device also exhibits excellent specific energy density of 48.6Whkg−1 at a specific power density of 1700Wkg−1. Even at a high power density of 17kWkg−1, the device could still remain an energy density of 18.5Whkg−1.
Signor Piazza, a patient with a left parieto-occipital haemorrhage and a right thalamic stroke, showed severe right personal neglect (e.g. touching own body parts) and right perceptual neglect in tasks with (e.g. cancelling tasks) or without (e.g. description of a complex picture) motor response. He had also right-sided neglect dyslexia (including single words), without language impairments. However, the patient also presented with a clear left-sided deficit in the representational domain (e.g. imagery tasks). Signor Piazza's pattern of performance suggests dissociation between imagery and perception within the neglect syndrome.
The effects of ionic liquid (IL) N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Py14TFSI) based electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of cathode material Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 have been investigated. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flammability and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests indicate that Py14TFSI addition enhances thermal stability of the electrolyte and reduces the safety concern of Li-ion battery. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the cathode material shows good electrochemical performance in Py14TFSI-added electrolyte. The cathode material is able to deliver high initial discharge capacity of 250mAhg−1 in electrolyte with Py14TFSI content up to 80% at 0.1C. In addition, the cathode material delivers less initial irreversible capacity loss and higher initial coulombic efficiency in electrolyte with higher Py14TFSI content. However, increasing Py14TFSI content in the electrolyte affects rate capability of the cathode material distinctively. With 60% Py14TFSI-added electrolyte, Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 shows better cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.4% after 150 cycles at 1.0C than that in IL free electrolyte. The superior cycling performance of the cathode material cycled in Py14TFSI-added electrolyte is mainly ascribed to the formation of stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, based on the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigations.
Electrochemical reactions of LiVS2, Li2FeS4, and Li4FeS2 were investigated by using a Li+ ion conductive glass, 0.01Li3PO4–0.63Li2S–0.36SiS2, as an electrolyte. The results showed remarkable differences from that in liquid electrolyte; the redox couples of both Li2VS2/LiVS2 and LiVS2/VS2 were highly reversible, the reduction of Li2FeS2 led to the metastable phase Li4FeS2 that was completely reoxidized to the initial phase, and Li+ ions were extracted from Li2FeCl4 without dissolution of the chloride itself. These improvements by using the solid electrolyte make a large choice of electrode materials.
A cobalt hydroxide modified glassy carbon (Co(OH)2/GC) electrode has been fabricated by a galvanostatic electrodeposition method. The catalytic activity for the oxygen (O2) reduction reaction (ORR) of this electrode in alkaline media is studied by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode voltammetry, and rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry. The O2 reduction at the Co(OH)2/GC disk electrode has been found to undergo an electrochemical process followed by sequential disproportionation of the electrochemical reduction intermediates, i.e., superoxide anion (O2 −) and hydrogen peroxide anion (HO2 −) in 0.1M KOH solution. The Co(OH)2 is first found to possess an excellent catalytic activity not only for the disproportionation of the O2 − produced into O2 and HO2 − but also for that of the HO2 − produced, combined with electrochemical reduction of O2 mediated by surface functional groups at the carbon electrode surface. The Co(OH)2 is a potential electrode material for the ORR in alkaline fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) show increasing potential for application in high energy lithium sulfur batteries due to good flexibility and high safety. However, low room temperature ionic conductivity of SPEs has become the main limitation. Herein, a novel SPE film using natural halloysite nano-clay has been fabricated, which exhibits exceptional ionic conductivity of 1.11×10−4 Scm−1 and lithium ion transference number of 0.40 at 25°C. The mechanism of enhanced lithium ion transport is considered. The oppositely charged halloysite nanotube surfaces separate lithium salt into lithium ions that are absorbed on the negatively charged outer silica surface, and anions may be accommodated on the positively charged inner aluminol surface. So, an ordered 3D structure for free lithium ion transport is suggested. This potential application of the natural halloysite nano-clay has been demonstrated by an all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery over a wide temperature range of 25–100°C. These results reveal the possibility of realizing sustainable high energy storage at a reduced cost.
Thermal management is critical for large-scale, shipboard energy storage systems utilizing lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, there has been growing research in thermal management of lithium-ion battery modules. However, there is little information available on the minimum cell-to-cell spacing limits for indirect, liquid cooled modules when considering heat release during a single cell failure. For this purpose, a generic four-cell module was modeled using finite element analysis to determine the sensitivity of module temperatures to cell spacing. Additionally, the effects of different heat sink materials and interface qualities were investigated. Two materials were considered, a solid aluminum block and a metal/wax composite block. Simulations were run for three different transient load profiles. The first profile simulates sustained high rate operation where the system begins at rest and generates heat continuously until it reaches steady state. And, two failure mode simulations were conducted to investigate block performance during a slow and a fast exothermic reaction, respectively. Results indicate that composite materials can perform well under normal operation and provide some protection against single cell failure; although, for very compact designs, the amount of wax available to absorb heat is reduced and the effectiveness of the phase change material is diminished. The aluminum block design performed well under all conditions, and showed that heat generated during a failure is quickly dissipated to the coolant, even under the closest cell spacing configuration.
Objectives Identifying talented athletes from an early age to accelerate their development requires the investment of substantial resources. Due to the need for multifactorial approaches to talent identification, motor competence assessments are increasingly prevalent in contemporary testing batteries. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the literature on the use of a product-oriented motor competence assessment tool, the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) in the talent pathway and determine whether it is warranted in such programs. Methods Three electronic databases (i.e. PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched for studies that used at least one component of the KTK to assess motor competence for talent detection, identification, development and selection in athletic populations. A total of 21 articles were included in the review, of which seven used the full version of the KTK and 14 used modified versions or individual components of the battery. The quality of included studies was assessed using a modified version of the Joanna Brigg’s Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results The analysed literature suggests that the KTK can successfully distinguish between athletes of different competition levels and across different sporting domains, however, findings should be interpreted with caution due to the cross-sectional nature of the studies. Furthermore, the moving sideways subtest displayed the greatest discriminative power for athletes of different competition levels. Motor competence was not affected by maturation and did not differ between genders or playing positions. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that the KTK is a useful motor competence assessment in the talent pathway.
In this paper a detailed sizing method of stand-alone Photovoltaic–Wind hybrid systems is proposed and evaluated by the design and the development of flexible software basing on techno-economic analysis and using Object-Oriented Programming. First, a short review of the different sizing programs is given after, a detailed sizing methodology for PV–Wind systems is presented; finally, new software for sizing such systems is conceived. This computer program is building around fundamentals photovoltaic and wind generators models, storage capacity model, Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) algorithm and a proposed techno-economic algorithm to determine the system that would guarantee a reliable energy supply with a lowest investment.
The investigation of mechanism for electrochemical cycling process has become ever more important in supercapacitor electrode material for achieving higher stability and electrochemical performance. Herein, an electrochemical cycling effect has been demonstrated basing on the comprehensive study on the morphological and electronic evolution, which provides an insight into the capacity fluctuation mechanism in a typical MnO2-based supercapacitor. The results reveal that the significant changes of morphologies and chemical valence state of MnO2 take place accompanying with the intercalation of electrolyte ions (i.e. Na+) during the electrochemical cycling process. A structural reconstruction model is established to unravel the origin of microscopic changes of MnO2@carbon nanotubes (MnO2@CNTs) composites electrode and their relationships with the capacity at different electrochemical stages. It was found that the morphological and structural evolution of the electrode should be attributed to the dissolution-redeposition process of MnO2, which governed by the cation distribution near the interface between electrode and electrolyte. The ion intercalation-deintercalation process is evidenced by the oxidation state variations of Mn with the Na+ intercalation amount. Therefore, the capacity performance of MnO2@CNTs was strongly correlated with its structural and chemical states. This work will open up new perspectives for the capacity performance improvement of MnO2-based electrode materials.
The energy density delivered by a Li-ion battery is a key parameter that needs to be significantly increased to address the global question of energy storage for the next 40 years. This quantity is directly proportional to the battery voltage (V) and the battery capacity (C) which are difficult to improve simultaneously when materials exhibit classical cationic redox activity. Recently, a cumulative cationic (M4+/M5+) and anionic (2O2−/(O2)n−) redox activity has been demonstrated in the Li-rich Li2MO3 family of compounds, therefore enabling doubling of the energy density with respect to high-potential cathodes such as transition metal phosphates and sulfates. This paper aims to clarify the origin of this extra capacity by addressing some fundamental questions regarding reversible anionic redox in high-potential electrodes for Li-ion batteries. First, the ability of the system to stabilize the oxygen holes generated by Li-removal and to achieve a reversible oxo- to peroxo-like (2O2−/(O2)n−) transformation is elucidated by means of a metal-driven reductive coupling mechanism. The penchant of the system for undergoing this reversible anionic redox or releasing O2 gas is then discussed with regards to experimental results for 3d- and 4d-based Li2MO3 phases. Finally, robust indicators are built as tools to predict which materials in the Li-rich TM-oxide family will undergo efficient and reversible anionic redox. The present finding provides insights into new directions to be explored for the development of high-energy density materials for Li-ion batteries.
A novel one-pot chemical dealloying method has been developed to prepare nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and silicon dendrite from cheap commercial Al–Si eutectic precursor. The RGO anchoring could act as both conductive agent and buffer layer for Si volume change in the application of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The Si/RGO composites show an initial reversible capacity of 2280 mAh g−1, excellent capacity retention of 1942 mAh g−1 even after 100 cycles, and a high capacity of 1521 mAh g−1 even at the rate of 4000 mA g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement proved that Si/RGO composite has the lower charge transfer resistance. This work proposes an economic and facile method to prepare silicon based anode material for next generation LIBs with high energy density.
All-solid-state lithium batteries based on sulfide solid electrolytes are potential candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. Here, composite cathode with high content of an active material was prepared by a liquid phase process assisted by a dispersant agent to produce a better electrode and electrolyte interface. Li6PS5Cl sulfide electrolyte derived from a solution containing dispersant showed an argyrodite crystal phase with a better distribution of particle size and higher conductivity compared with those without dispersant. Regular distribution of Li6PS5Cl particles in nanometric scale with a spherical shape below 500 nm and conductivity of 0.6 × 10−3 S cm−1 (ρ = 1.40 g cm−3) at room temperature were obtained. Composite cathode was prepared by the dispersion of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 particles and carbon additive in the Li6PS5Cl-solution containing dispersant agent and subsequent drying at 180 °C. Bulk-type all-solid-state battery fabricated with the composite cathode containing 89 wt% of the active material showed an initial discharge capacity of 110 mA h g−1 at 25 °C and maintained 95% discharge capacity after 15 cycles.