batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
High density electrochemical energy storage is of central importance for mobile power applications. The relatively low energy density and high cost associated with the current approaches to electrochemical energy storage, including various battery and supercapacitor technologies, have been the main hurdles to its more widespread application. Herein we report a new family of silicide based anode materials for high energy density metal–air primary batteries. Several intrinsic features of silicide materials including high electron capacity, high conductivity and high operating voltage make them an excellent class of materials for very high density energy storage. We show that various silicide anodes (Mg2Si, TiSi2, CoSi2 and VSi2) can exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with unparalleled capacity in both thin films and bulk powder pellet forms. With further optimization, silicide materials can promise a new battery family with ultra-high anode capacity and can open up exciting opportunities for future mobile power applications.
Heterogeneous nanocarbon materials are being increasingly investigated and deployed in numerous new technologies and devices for sustainable energy conversion and storage. Nanocarbons often consist of fullerene, graphene and carbon nanotubes. Their derivatives include quantum dots, nanofibres, nanoribbons, nanospheres/capsules and other nanostructured morphologies. The heterogeneous forms of these nanocarbons stem from the implantation of alien atoms into the aromatic carbon lattice or the covalent grafting of functional groups onto the carbon basal plane or edge sites. Heterogeneous nanocarbons have shown remarkable advantages in solar cells, water splitting, supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries and catalysis. This review focuses on recent progress in the experimental and computational studies of the roles of heteroatoms in heterogeneous nanocarbons for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Critical perspectives are devoted to the ambiguous phenomena in this emerging research area. The long standing debate about the active sites is discussed with an emphasis on more rational development of advanced nanocarbon-based electrocatalysts for ORR.
With accelerating technological changes and market expansions of electrical and electronic products (EEPs) during the last few decades, much focus and effort have been placed on the waste of these products. In order to reduce their negative impacts on the environment and human, at the end of their product lifecycles, their wastes need to be properly handled, processed, disposed, and if applicable, remanufactured, recycled or reused. Based on the analysis of the waste EEPs (WEEPs) reverse logistic network, this paper presents a mathematical programming model which minimizes the total processing cost of multiple types of WEEPs. The monetary factors considered in the model include the costs of collection, treatment, and transportation as well as sales income with different fractions of returned products. Based on the proposed model, the optimal facility locations and the material flows in the reverse logistic network can be determined. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model is also presented. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to gain a better insight into the proposed model.
Recent studies have suggested deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a promising therapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Particularly, the stimulation of the forniceal area was found to slow down the cognitive decline of some AD patients, but the biochemical and anatomical modifications underlying these effects remain poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of chronic forniceal stimulation on amyloid burden, inflammation, and neuronal loss in a transgenic Alzheimer rat model TgF344-AD, as well as in age-matched control rats. 18-month-old rats were surgically implanted with electrodes in stereotactic conditions and connected to a portable microstimulator for chronic DBS in freely moving rats. The stimulation was continuous during 5 weeks and animals were immediately sacrificed for immunohistochemical analysis of pathological markers. Implanted, but non-stimulated rats were used as controls. We found that chronic forniceal DBS in the Tg-AD rat significantly reduces amyloid deposition in the hippocampus and cortex, decreases astrogliosis and microglial activation and lowers neuronal loss, as determined by NeuN staining. In control animals, the stimulation neither affects neuroinflammation nor neuronal count. In the Tg-F344-AD rat model, 5 weeks of forniceal DBS decreased amyloidosis, inflammatory responses, and neuronal loss in both cortex and hippocampus. These findings strongly suggest a neuroprotective effect of DBS and support the beneficial effects of targeting the fornix in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
This work investigates lithium dynamics in a series of polymer electrolytes formed by poly(ethylene oxide) PEO, chitosan (QO), amino propil siloxane (pAPS) and lithium perchlorate by means of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Lithium (7Li) lineshapes and spin–lattice relaxation times were measured as a function of temperature. The results suggest that the chemical functionality of QO, particularly the amine group, participate in coordinating lithium ion in the composites. The competition between QO and PEO for lithium ions is evident in the binary system. In the ternary electrolyte containing PEO, QO and pAPS, it is observed that the lithium ions can competively interact with the two polymers. The heterogeneity, at a local microscopic scale, is revealed by a temperature-dependent equilibrium of lithium ion concentration between at least two different microphases; one dominated by the interactions with chitosan and the other one with polyether. The data of the ternary electrolyte was analysed by assuming two lithium dynamics, the first one associated to the motion of the lithium ion dissolved in PEO and the second one associated to those complexed by the chitosan.
Fe-doped Li2O (FDL) is synthesized mechanochemically and is demonstrated as a new Co-free cathode material for use in sealed Li2O2 batteries, which have been proposed as high energy density batteries. Fe3+ ions are substitutionally doped into the Li sites in an antifluorite-type Li2O structure to create FDL. The FDL consists of (Li0.82Fe0.06)2O (d-FDL) and high-temperature form of Li5FeO4 (o-FDL), in which Fe3+ ions disorderly and orderly arranged, respectively. According to the Mössbauer spectra and quantitative peroxide species analysis, the FDL cathode operates principally based on the redox reaction between O2 2− and O2−. X-ray diffraction study reveals that the reversible formation of O2 2− proceeds mainly in the d-FDL. An irreversible side reaction involving the evolution of oxygen gas occurs when the cathode is charged to more than 250 mAh g−1. The FDL (Fe/(Li + Fe) = 10 at%) cathode exhibits a reversible capacity of 200 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at a current density of 22.5 mA g−1.
The oxygen evolution reaction is a key reaction in rechargeable metal air battery. Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are a potential low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, and its catalytic activity and stability are still to be further improved. The construction of interfacial catalysts can improve their electrocatalytic activity. In this work, we report that nickel oxide (NiO) nanoclusters supported on chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanosheets form a novel NiO–Cr2O3 heterostructure as an effective electrocatalyst for OER. Compared with pristine NiO and Cr2O3, NiO–Cr2O3 exhibits higher OER activity with smaller overpotential of 270 mV and lower Tafel slope of 30 mVdec−1, as well as durability under alkaline conditions. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, In-situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations reveal a source of high catalytic activity of NiO–Cr2O3. The results show that the activity site is located at Cr–Ni site of the NiO–Cr2O3. Due to the obvious charge transfer between Cr and Ni atoms at the interface, the change of Ni and Cr electronic structure reduces the adsorption energy of oxygen species and increases their catalytic activity. This work constructs a new Cr–Ni interface coupling method through NiO–Cr2O3 heterostructure, which provides a new strategy for designing new efficient and inexpensive OER catalysts.
In this study, a facile MgO template-assisted route has been proposed for the preparation of carbon@MoS2 composites via a one-step hydrothermal method followed by a thermal annealing process. By using sucrose as a carbon source and commercial MgO powder as a structure-directing agent, a three-dimensional sphere-like carbon@MoS2 nanoarchitecture was assembled by one-dimensional worm-like nanorods which were composed of few-layered MoS2 nanosheets and amorphous carbon matrix. The influence of different amount of MgO template on the morphology, structure, and lithium storage performance of the carbon@MoS2 composites is systematically investigated. The carbon@MoS2-2 composite synthesized with a Mo precursor: MgO molar ratio of 1:1 exhibits much higher reversible capacity (905.3mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1) and better high-rate capability (503.4mAhg−1 at 5000mAg−1) than those of bare MoS2 and template-free carbon@MoS2-0 composite. Impressively, superior cycling stability is achieved for the carbon@MoS2-2 composite with a capacity retention of 93.4% even after 400 charge/discharge cycles at 5000mAg−1. The excellent electrochemical performance for carbon@MoS2-2 composite can be ascribed to its unique hierarchical nanoarchitecture and synergetic effect between MoS2 nanosheets and amorphous carbon.
A calorimetric technique was developed for measuring heat generated within a Double-Layer Capacitor cell under cycling by analyzing its transient temperature change. Measurements were performed for a short time period of the current cycle to get small temperature changes and thus not substantially affect the properties of the cell during charge and discharge. The calorimetric technique is described and its performance demonstrated on a symmetrical activated carbon cell with 1M N(C2H5)4BF4 in propylene carbonate as electrolyte over a wide current range. Capacitance of the cell at room temperature was around to 0.25Fcm−2. Power density was found between 2×10−3 to 70×10−3 Wcm−2 according to the current density that varied between 0.01 and 0.15Acm−2 for a cell load pressure equal to 25kgcm−2. Equivalent resistance, measured on the calorimeter, was found to vary between 4 and 8Ωcm2, according to the charge rate. Calorimetric measurements were found in good agreement with the energy balance of the cell deduced from the potential profiles and currents.
The effect of silver co-sputtering on the microstructural and electrical properties of amorphous V2O5 films is investigated. The films are grown by dc reactive sputtering and are applicable to thin-film microbattery cathodes. Analysis with glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (GXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirm that the growing rate, silver content and microsturucture of the V2O5 films are dominantly affected by the r.f. power supplied on the silver metal targets. The discharge capacity and cycle ability of microbatteries increases with increasing silver content in the thin cathode films. In addition, it is found that silver co-sputtered V2O5 cathode films, if only obtained at not more than 30W, exhibit better discharge capacity, cycle ability and lithium-ion diffusivity than an undoped V2O5 cathode film. This is due to increases both in the electronic conductivity with doping elements of high electronic conductivity and in the distance between two adjacent V2O5 layers by co-sputtered silver atoms.
The protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on carbofuran-induced alterations in calcium homeostasis and neurobehavioral functions were investigated in rats. Rats were exposed to carbofuran at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight, orally for a period of 28 days. A significant decrease in Ca2+ATPase activity was observed following carbofuran exposure with a concomitant increase in K+-induced 45Ca2+ uptake through voltage operated calcium channels. This was accompanied with a marked accumulation of intracellular free calcium in synaptosomes. The increase in intracellular calcium levels were associated with an increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione content in carbofuran exposed animals. NAC administration (200 mg/kg body weight, orally) to the carbofuran exposed animals had a beneficial effect on carbofuran-induced alterations in calcium homeostasis and resulted in repletion in glutathione levels and resulted in lowering the extent of lipid peroxidation. Marked impairment in the motor functions were seen following carbofuran exposure, which were evident by the significant decrease in the locomotor activity and reduction in the retention time of the rats on rotating rods. Cognitive deficits were also seen as indicated by the significant decrease in active and passive avoidance response. NAC treatment, on the other hand, protected the animals against carbofuran-induced neurobehavioral deficits. The results support the hypothesis that carbofuran exerts its toxic effects by disrupting calcium homeostasis, which may have serious consequences on neuronal functioning, and clearly show the potential beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine on carbofuran induced alterations in synaptosomal calcium homeostasis.
The reaction of a new negative electrode material NiSb2 vs lithium was investigated by 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy to highlight the mechanism occurring upon the cycling of the battery. Structural and electronic modifications induced by the reaction with lithium have been characterised for different depths of discharge/charge. The first discharge was clearly identified as a conversion process which leads to the formation of Li3Sb. On charge, the Mössbauer analysis showed that the pristine NiSb2 is not reconstructed as expected for a conversion reaction, but that the high pressure-NiSb2 polymorph and antimony are formed. Once the first cycle achieved, a different mechanism takes place upon the second discharge. In a first step, the Sb → Li2Sb transformation takes place followed by the Li2Sb → Li3Sb transformation. In a second step the high-pressure NiSb2 phase further reacts with Li to form Li3Sb + Ni0. Thanks to this mechanism, 100% of the initial reversible 520 mAh g − 1 capacity is sustained after 15 cycles.
The energy storage process for amorphous hydrated manganese dioxide (MnO2) is suggested as fast faradaic reactions occurring at the solid electrode surface with the reduction from Mn4+ to Mn3+. In order to understand the role of cations of the electrolyte for the MnO2 electrode as a pseudocapacitor in aqueous KCl solution, we monitored the change of the capacitance by varying the concentration of the KCl electrolyte, the cation of the electrolyte, the pH of the solution, and the solvent. The charge storage for the metal oxide electrode such as MnO2 is concluded to involve a fast redox reaction through both potassium ion exchange, MnO2 + δ K+ + δ e− ⇔ MnO2−δ(OK)δ and proton exchange, MnO2 + δ H+ + δ e− ⇔ MnO2−δ(OH)δ dependent upon the availability of cations in the electrolyte. The contribution of proton to the pseudocapacitive process is not negligible in aqueous solution.
Objectives Evaluation of neurocognitive function of school-age children with HIV. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Methods Twenty-two children (median age 9.46 years) with perinatally acquired HIV infection were administered a global intelligence test and tests from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (ANT) program. The relationship between various patient-, disease- and treatment factors and neurocognitive outcome variables was examined. Results Compared with age-appropriate norms, mean IQ of the HIV-infected children was in the average range. However, the HIV-infected children performed poorer on several neuropsychological tests compared with age-appropriate norms. Executive function (attentional flexibility, visuospatial working memory) and processing speed emerged as the most sensitive cognitive measures in relation to HIV disease. The correlational analyses resulted in only two significant outcomes, showing that higher CD4% at initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and longer treatment duration were associated with better working memory function and attentional control, respectively. Conclusions These exploratory data suggest that subtle neurocognitive impairments may exist in HIV-infected school-age children, in particular characterized by compromised executive function and slowed information processing. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.
Osteoporosis is a well-known complication of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, data about body composition modifications and muscle performance showed conflicting results. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia and cachexia in patients with AS and analyze its relationship with bone loss and symptomatic and severity parameters of the disease.
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare X-linked autistic-spectrum neurological disorder associated with impaired energy metabolism, seizure susceptibility, progressive social behavioral regression, and motor impairment primarily in young girls. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of restricted diets, including a ketogenic diet (KD) and a standard rodent chow diet (SD), on behavior in male Mecp2 308/y mice, a model of RTT. The KD is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has anticonvulsant efficacy in children with intractable epilepsy and may be therapeutic in children with RTT. Following an 11-day pretrial period, adult wild-type and mutant Rett mice were separated into groups that were fed either an SD in unrestricted or restricted amounts or a ketogenic diet (KetoCal) in restricted amounts for a total of 30 days. The restricted diets were administered to reduce mouse body weight by 20–23% compared to the body weight of each mouse before the initiation of the diet. All mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests to determine the influence of the diet on the RTT phenotype. We found that performance in tests of motor behavior and anxiety was significantly worse in male RTT mice compared to wild-type mice and that restriction of either the KD or the SD improved motor behavior and reduced anxiety. We conclude that although both restricted diets increased the tendency of Rett mice to explore a novel environment, the beneficial effects of the KD were due more to calorie restriction than to the composition of the diet. Our findings suggest that calorically restricted diets could be effective in reducing the anxiety and in improving motor behavior in girls with RTT.
The proliferation of wireless networks based on IEEE 802.11 has resulted in a heterogenous set of devices using a variety of applications to compete for the desired service performance. Most notably, the class of highly mobile and energy constrained devices is showing high growth rates. Yet, fairness of resource allocation is still only considered in terms of achievable throughput and without considering energy efficiency. In this paper we first show that performing an energy efficient and fair resource allocation in current IEEE 802.11 WLANs is challenging, given the diversity of power consumption figures among mobile devices. We then propose a criterion to objectively balance between the most energy-efficient configuration (where all resources are given to one station) and the throughput-fair allocation (where the power consumption is not considered). We derive a closed-form expression for the optimal configuration of 802.11 with respect to this criterion. Our analysis is validated through simulations, showing that our approach betters the prevalent allocation schemes discussed in literature in terms of energy efficiency, while maintaining the notion of fairness among devices. Experimental results obtained in a real-world testbed confirm the main results derived from our analysis and simulations.
While some individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum can perform normally on standardized intelligence tests, clinical observations suggest that they nevertheless have deficits in the domains of fluid and social intelligence. Particularly important for social competence is adequate understanding and use of paralinguistic information. This study examined the impact of callosal absence on the processing of pragmatic and paralinguistic information. Young adult males with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) were evaluated in the areas of nonliteral language comprehension, proverb recognition and interpretation, and perception of affective prosody. Ten ACC individuals with normal Wechsler IQ were compared to 14 sex, age, and IQ matched normal controls. The Formulaic and Novel Language Comprehension Test (FANL-C), Gorham Proverbs Test, and LA Prosody Test were administered. ACC subjects exhibited significant impairment on the nonliteral items of the FANL-C, but no significant difference from controls in comprehension of literal items. ACC subjects also exhibited significant deficits in both self-generated interpretation and recognition of proverb meaning, and in recognition of affective prosody. These results demonstrate that normally intelligent individuals with ACC are impaired in the understanding of nonliteral language and emotional-prosodic cues that are important in social communication. In all three tests, the performance of individuals with ACC was similar to patients with right hemisphere brain damage. Thus, persons with ACC appear to lack interhemispheric integration of critical aspects of language processed by the right hemisphere.
K-ion batteries (KIBs) are drawing increasing research interest as a promising supplement of Li-ion batteries due to the natural abundance of K resource. However, due to the large size of K+, high-capacity anodes are challenged by the structural stability of the active materials which are susceptible to large volumetric deformation after incorporating with a sufficient number of K+. Herein, using SnS2/graphene as an example, we demonstrated that high-performance KIBs anode could be achieved through collaborative efforts targeting on both the active material and the prepared electrode film. The electrochemically-active species of SnS2 were controlled into small nanoparticles with their size below 5 nm to provide sufficient reactive sites for K+ storage. Meanwhile, highly-resilient electrode film based on the prepared SnS2/graphene nanocomposite was built on aluminum (Al) current collector rather than the widely-used copper foil, forming a strong anode film with high peel strength to endure the potassiation/depotassiation process. In this way, the active species was able to deliver an extraordinary reversible capacity of 610 mAh g−1 with unprecedented high-rate capability (around 290 mAh g−1 at 2A g−1) and promising cycling stability. This contribution sheds light on the rational design of high-performance electrode for KIBs and beyond.