batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Lead Acid Batteries (LABs) in the Micro Hybrid vehicle have to work in Partial State of Charge (PSoC) conditions, where the negative plates may develop high sulfation leading to the battery death. In order to reduce this sulfation, Graphitized Carbon Nanofibers (GANFg) at 0.10% and two types of Organic Expanders (OEs) were used as additives for the negative plates. These fibers were previously dispersed with a certain amount of OEs. Five mixtures were selected, and the corresponding negative plates were prepared. 2 V / 1 Ah cells were assembled and tested, together with the physicochemical properties of the plates. During the formation of the cells, GANFg are thought to be integrated into the NAM skeleton where would improve the NAM energetic structure. As a result, the use of GANFg slightly enhanced the capacity and the cold cranking ability, although this last one was essentially dominated by the OEs concentration. A lower OEs concentration led to higher charge acceptance, and the use of GANFg involved a higher water loss. However, the water loss rate was considered low in comparison with other carbon materials. GANFg addition increased the cycle life of the cells during the 17.5% DoD cycling test (at PSoC).
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses immune system in insects. In insects, both cellular and humoral immune responses figure prominently in host defense pathways, with many parasitic and pathogenic infections resulting in the deployment of both cellular and humoral defenses, which act synergistically. Insect hemocytes participate in phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation processes. Humoral defenses include production of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral molecules, the melanizing enzyme phenoloxidase and its toxic reactive precursors, agglutinins, serpins, immulectins, and many other humoral mediators of immune defense. Insect immunology is a rapidly maturing discipline, with exciting prospects for novel applications in control of vector-borne diseases and agricultural pests, biotechnology, and medicine. The outcome of the interactions between a parasite or pathogen and its host is determined by a combination of the susceptible vs. refractory status of the host and the virulant/avirulant characteristics of the infecting agent. By manipulation with biotechnology, insect immune responses to parasitoids, pathogens, or symbionts, the vectors of plant and animal diseases can be disarmed, thereby curbing disease transmission. Similarly, the economic impact of agricultural pests can be reduced by enhancing pest susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as development of biotechnological approaches to manipulating the host range of beneficial parasitoids.
Past research has suggested that pessimistic attributional style may be a risk factor for psychopathology among patients with seizure disorders. In addition, classifying psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) into subtypes has been found to be clinically relevant. However, very few studies have addressed differences in optimism, pessimism, or neuropsychological performance among PNES subtypes. We previously classified adults with PNES into semiology-based subtypes (catatonic, minor motor, major motor). In the study described here, we compared subtypes on optimism, pessimism, depressive symptoms, and neuropsychological performance. We found that patients with PNES with low optimism had significantly greater depressive symptoms than patients with high optimism, F(2, 39)=36.49, P <0.01). Moreover, patients with high pessimism had significantly greater depressive symptoms than patients with low pessimism, F(2, 39)=13.66, P <0.01. We also found that the catatonic subtype was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and better verbal memory than the other PNES subtypes. Our results support relationships between optimism, pessimism, and depressive symptoms and extend these findings to a PNES sample. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that classification into semiology-based subtypes and study of normal personality traits among patients with PNES may have clinical significance.
The effect of annealing of Ti foils before anodization on the morphology and electrochemical performance of resultant nanoporous anatase TiO2 (np-TiO2) as anode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was investigated. The np-TiO2 anode fabricated from annealed Ti foils exhibited higher specific surface area and reduced pore diameter compared to np-TiO2 electrode fabricated from as-received Ti foils. The highly porous np-TiO2 anode fabricated from annealed Ti foils exhibited 1st discharge capacity of 453.25 mAh/g and reduced to 172.70 mAh/g at 1 C current rate after 300 cycles; whilst the np-TiO2 electrode fabricated from the as-received Ti foils exhibited 1st discharge capacity of 213.30 mAh/g and reduced to 160.0 mAh/g at 1 C current rate after 300 cycles. Even after 400 cycles, such np-TiO2 electrode exhibited a reversible capacity of 125.0 mAh/g at 2.5 C current rate. Compared to the untreated Ti foils, the enhanced electrochemical performance of np-TiO2 anode fabricated from annealed Ti foils was ascribed to the annealing-induced removal of residual stress among the Ti atoms. The benefit of annealing process can reduce pore size of as-fabricated np-TiO2.
Various electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate)/polyvinyl chloride (PMMA/PVC) blend nonwoven membranes were prepared by electrospinning of the blend solutions containing PMMA and PVC in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The electrospun PMMA/PVC had fully interconnected pore structure with high porosity and large specific surface area capable of high uptake of organic liquid electrolyte as gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The electrospun PMMA/PVC-based GPEs showed superior electrochemical properties than PVC-based GPE. Among PMMA/PVC-based GPEs, the 10PMMA/PVC-based GPE comprising 10wt.% PMMA and 90wt.% PVC represents the highest ionic conductivity as 7.8×10−3 Scm−1 and the lowest interfacial resistance as 31.49Ω with sufficient electrochemical stability of up to 4.7V. The LiCoO2/GPE/graphite cell using 10PMMA/PVC-based GPE retained the discharge capacity of 140mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5C without reducing discharge capacity, while PVC-based GPE showed continuous fading by 110mAhg−1. Also, the cell using 10PMMA/PVC-based GPE showed the excellent electrochemical performance caused by the formation of interconnected porous structure and gel state in fibers even at high C-rate (1, 2, 5C).
We report the comparative investigation on the electrochemical application of mesoporous copper oxide (Cu2O and CuO) microspheres with different surface areas as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. Mesoporous Cu2O microspheres with a narrow particle size distribution are synthesized by a hydrothermal method and CuO is obtained by subsequent oxidation of Cu2O. The synthesized mesoporous Cu2O and CuO microspheres possess a surface area of 12.7–65.8 and 5.2–37.6 m2 g−1 and an average crystal size of 15.0–20.5 and 10.4–15.9 nm, respectively. The result reveals that the mesoporous Cu2O and CuO microspheres with a higher surface area show a higher capacity and better cyclability than those with a lower surface area. The mesoporous Cu2O and CuO microspheres with a surface area of 65.8 and 37.6 m2 g−1 show an initial charge capacity of 430.5 mAh g−1 and 601.6 mAh g−1 and deliver a capacity as high as 355.2 mAh g−1 and 569.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles, respectively. This is because the highly developed mesoporous structure can enhance the accommodation of lithium ions, shorten the diffusion distance for lithium ions, and increase the absorption of electrolyte.
Direct measurements of arterial blood pressure most commonly use bulky external instrumentation containing a pressure transducer connected to an ex vivo fluid-filled arterial line, which is subject to several sensing artifacts. In situ blood pressure sensors, typically solid state piezoresistive, capacitive, and interferometric sensors, are unaffected by these artifacts, but can be expensive to produce and miniaturize. We have developed an alternative approach to blood pressure measurement based on deformation of an elastic tube filled with electrolyte solution. Simple measurement of the electrical conductance of this solution as the tube dimensions change allows determination of the external pressure. The sensor is made from inexpensive materials and its miniaturization is straightforward. In vitro static testing of initial sensor prototypes mounted on a catheter tip showed a linear response with applied pressure and a resolution of 1 mmHg. In vivo sensing followed catheterization of the sensor into the femoral artery of a porcine model through a 7F catheter port. The sensor performed comparably to a commercial pressure transducer also connected to the catheter port. Due to its scalability and cost, this sensor has the potential for use in a range of pressure sensing applications, such as measurement of intracranial, spinal, or interstitial pressures.
Since 2011, the Government of Ontario, Canada, has phased in hospital funding reforms hoping to encourage standardised, evidence-based clinical care processes to both improve patient outcomes and reduce system costs. One aspect of the reform – quality-based procedures (QBPs) – replaced some of each hospital’s global budget with a pre-set price per episode of care for patients with specific diagnoses or procedures. The QBP initiative included publication and dissemination of a handbook for each of these diagnoses or procedures, developed by an expert technical group. Each handbook was intended to guide hospitals in reducing inappropriate variation in patient care and cost by specifying an evidence-based episode of care pathway. We explored whether, how and why hospitals implemented these episode of care pathways in response to this initiative.
Unknown APAAmerican Psychiatric AssociationATaide au cours du testBDAbouffée délirante aiguëCAPSCross-cultural study of Acute PsychosisCATChildren Apperception TestCHCCattell-Horn-CarrollELALÉvaluation langagière pour allophones et primo-arrivantsEMICExplanatory Model Interview CatalogueESPTétat de stress post-traumatiqueFCRfigure complexe de ReyFDIfonctionnement différentiel des itemsIPQIllness Perception QuestionnaireITCInternational Test CommissionK-ABCKaufman Assessment Battery for ChildrenMINIMcGill Illness Narrative InterviewNEMInouvelle échelle métrique d’intelligenceNIMHNational Institute of Mental HealthOFPRAOffice français de protection des réfugiés et des apatridesOMSOrganisation mondiale de la santéQIquotient intellectuelPEIprogramme d’expérimentation instrumentalPMIProtection maternelle et infantilePNpatte noireRPMStandard Progressives MatricesSADDThe WHO Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive DisordersSEMIShort Explanatory Model InterviewT3Ptest des trois personnagesTARtest-apprentissage-retestTATtest d’aperception thématiqueTEMASTell-Me-A-Story Thematic Apperception TestTPMtrouble de la personnalité multipleWAISWechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleWISCWechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenWPPSIWechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence American Psychiatric Association aide au cours du test bouffée délirante aiguë Cross-cultural study of Acute Psychosis Children Apperception Test Cattell-Horn-Carroll Évaluation langagière pour allophones et primo-arrivants Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue état de stress post-traumatique figure complexe de Rey fonctionnement différentiel des items Illness Perception Questionnaire International Test Commission Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children McGill Illness Narrative Interview nouvelle échelle métrique d’intelligence National Institute of Mental Health Office français de protection des réfugiés et des apatrides Organisation mondiale de la santé quotient intellectuel programme d’expérimentation instrumental Protection maternelle et infantile patte noire Standard Progressives Matrices The WHO Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders Short Explanatory Model Interview test des trois personnages test-apprentissage-retest test d’aperception thématique Tell-Me-A-Story Thematic Apperception Test trouble de la personnalité multiple Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
The safety behavior of lithium-ion batteries under external mechanical crush is a critical concern, especially during large-scale deployment. We previously presented a sequentially coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal modeling approach for studying mechanical-abuse-induced short circuit. In this work, we study different mechanical test conditions and examine the interaction between mechanical failure and electrical-thermal responses, by developing a simultaneously coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal model. The present work utilizes a single representative-sandwich (RS) to model the full pouch cell with explicit representations for each individual component such as the active material, current collector, separator, etc. Anisotropic constitutive material models are presented to describe the mechanical properties of active materials and separator. The model predicts accurately the force-strain response and fracture of battery structure, simulates the local failure of separator layer, and captures the onset of short circuit for lithium-ion battery cells under sphere indentation tests with three different diameters. Electrical-thermal responses to the three different indentation tests are elaborated and discussed. Numerical studies are presented to show the potential impact of test conditions on the electrical-thermal behavior of the cell after the occurrence of short circuit.
The characteristics of a lithium-polymer battery which comprises a novel lithium powder-based anode, a LiCoO2-based cathode, and a polyacrylonitrile-based gel-type polymer electrolyte are investigated. Lithium powder with diameter of 20–40μm is produced by forming a dispersion of molten lithium metal in hot silicon oil and subsequent cooling. The lithium powder electrode is successfully manufactured by coating the slurry of the lithium powder, PVdF binder, and THF on a copper substrate. A lithium-polymer cell with the lithium powder anode shows somewhat longer cycle life at a 1C rate of discharge and higher discharge capacity at low temperature compared with a cell prepared with a lithium foil anode. A reduction of polarization due to the large surface area of the lithium powder anode is believed to be responsible for these characteristics.
Publisher Summary The pathogens that cause disease in insects fall into four main groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This chapter discusses the primary biological properties of each of these pathogen groups, with specific emphasis on how these pathogens have been used to benefit humans. Pathogens are viruses or microorganisms that cause disease. Like all other organisms, insects are susceptible to a variety of diseases caused by pathogens. Many of these pathogens cause diseases that are acute and fatal and therefore are used as models to study processes of infection and pathogenesis as well as to control populations of insects that are pests or vectors of plant and animal diseases. Generally, insect pathogens have a relatively narrow host range and thus are considered to be more environmentally friendly than synthetic chemical insecticides. The use of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) of the European spruce sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae, as a classical biological control agent. In addition to the use of NPVs in insect control, one baculovirus, the AcMNPV, has been developed as an expression vector for producing a large number of foreign proteins in vitro. This expression system takes advantage of the strong polyhedrin promoter system, which in the wild-type viruses produces large amounts of the polyhedria used to occlude virions. By substituting foreign genes for the polyhedrin gene, it is possible to synthesize in insect cell cultures large quantities of foreign proteins, such as the capsid proteins of viruses that attack the vertebrates used for vaccine development and basic biomedical research.
In this article we present the neuropsychological rehabilitation PAINT model and its effectiveness for persons with brain damage. Archival data of 20 patients with brain injury, who had been evaluated with the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Memory Scale, before and after neuropsychological rehabilitation, were analyzed. All the patients underwent a holistic, intensive, multi-factorial, systemized and interdisciplinary rehabilitation program during a mean period of 10.2 months, directed toward the hierarchic rehabilitation of the damaged function and to the stimulation of the functions of all cerebral lobes, through formal tasks and activities of daily life. Analysis of clinically significance improvement indicates a high efficiency of treatment in overall neuropsychological functioning. WAIS subtests results show significant improvement in Picture completion, Arithmetic, Similarities. Luria-Nebraska scales performed significantly better in Visual, Tactile, Memory, Intellectual Processes, and Motor. Wechsler Memory Scale had a better outcome in Orientation, Associated word pairs, Logic memory. The multifactor intervention using the PAINT model for the rehabilitation of brain damage has proven to increase the recovery of not only the diminished function, but also the rest of the neuropsychological processes.
Electric and hybrid vehicles are a big step towards a greener mobility, but they also open up completely new questions regarding the shortest path problem and the planning of trips. Since recharging an electric car will take much longer than refilling conventional fossil fuels, we have to balance between speed and range and we have to choose stops for charging wisely. For hybrid vehicles, a symbiosis between navigation system and power train control to choose a path with optimal phases for depleting and recharging the battery may yield much more energy-efficient paths. In this paper, we develop an appropriate model for finding shortest routes for these kinds of vehicles, which is mainly a constrained shortest path problem with convertible resources and charging stations. We study properties of solutions by classifying several types of cycles that may occur in the optimal route. We state sufficient conditions to exclude some of these cycle classes and we derive appropriate approximation schemes with provable quality and strict feasibility. We also study the related network flow problem for operating fleets of electric vehicles, e.g., shared vehicles or buses in urban areas.
Nanocrystalline Silicon (Si) embedded Ni–Ti composite anode materials are synthesized by using two-stage high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM). The overall composition of the Si and NiTi (Nitinol) powders are 65 at.% and 35 at.%. The effects of crystal size, crystal structure, and microstructure on the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite powders are examined through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical test and nano-indentation test. The capacities of the coin cells produced with the 6 and 10 h milled powders are 711 and 553 mAh g−1, respectively, after the 52nd cycle. The efficiencies of the coin cells produced with the 6 and 10 h milled powders continue to maintain 97.2 and 97.5%, respectively, until 52nd cycle. Coin cells produced with 10 h milled powders show relatively low capacity fading, which are attributed to the nanocomposite structure comprised of Si nanocrystals embedded into amorphous Ni–Ti matrix phase. Coin cell of 10 h milled powders reveals the reduced number of voids. Therefore, it is believed that Si embedded Ni–Ti nanocomposite using a two-stage high energy mechanical milling can be a promising candidate for high performance Si based anode materials.
The high temperature electrochemical cell performances of Li2Ti3O7 and its Fe-doped derivatives were studied. Pure Li2Ti3O7 gave higher charge/discharge capacities at 40 and 50°C than at room temperature and featured good cycleabilities among the initial 40 cycles. However, the cell performance was terribly deteriorated at 70°C. XRD measurement revealed its structure degradation into a rocksalt-type cubic structure phase with lower crystallinity in this high temperature of 70°C. The XRD results from the electrodes experienced different cycles at 40°C showed that the structure degradation is gradually developed as the cell is cycled. Meanwhile, Fe-doped Li2Ti3O7 ramsdellite samples afforded improved insertion/extraction properties of the lithium ions, even at 70°C. The improved high temperature performance is presumedly considered from the stabilization of the foreign iron metal ions for ramsdellite structure.
In order to gain a better understanding of how surface treatment and particle size influence the performance of Si nanoparticles as anode material in lithium ion batteries, electrochemical performance of Si particles with size ranges of 20–30nm, 30–50nm, 100nm and 1–5μm in statically self-assembled Si/Graphene composites were compared. Silane agent was introduced to the Si surface rendering a positive charge, which subsequently bonded with graphene oxide (GO) possessing negative surface charges. The following reduction resulted in Si/Graphene (Si/G) composites. It was found that the piranha pre-treatment before introduction of silane agent provided more stable cycling performance for all sizes tested. This effect may be attributed to stronger bonding between Si particles and GO that led to more stable Si/graphene structure. The 100nm Si/Graphene samples with piranha treatment demonstrated the highest discharge capacity of 1,561 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5C. It consistently showed higher discharge capacity compared with the 30–50nm sample and 20–30nm sample at discharge rates ranging from 0.1C to 1C. Meanwhile, 30–50nm sample with piranha treatment demonstrated the highest capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles at 0.5C.
Background: This paper investigates the durability of the effects of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT). In a randomised control trial, CRT was compared with a control therapy (intensive occupational therapy activities), matched for length of therapist contact. The main three cognitive outcomes, (i) number of categories achieved on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test, (ii) age-scaled score on the Digit Span subtest of the WAIS-R, and (iii) mean number of moves on the Tower of London test, were chosen because they are known to be problematic in schizophrenia. In addition, a wide variety of other outcomes (symptoms, social functioning, self-esteem and cognition) were assessed. At the end of treatment, CRT conferred a benefit to people with schizophrenia in cognition and self-esteem [Schizophr. Bull. 25 (1999) 291]. This study investigates these outcomes 6 months after the therapies were withdrawn. Method: Participants were assessed at baseline, posttreatment and 6-month follow-up (n=17 for the CRT group; n=16 for the control therapy group). In addition to the functioning measures, data on use of services and cost of therapy were collected. Results: The effects of CRT on cognition were still apparent at follow-up, particularly in the memory domain. When these cognitive improvements reached a criterion threshold, there were also improvements in social behaviour and symptoms. The gains made in self-esteem disappeared following the withdrawal of therapy. The economic analysis showed overall reductions in the care packages of both patient groups but there was a significant increase in day-care costs for patients who have received CRT. This additional use of day care may confer further advantages to the CRT group, such as improved social functioning and quality of life. Conclusions: The overall results of this first trial of a novel CRT approach have produced encouraging results which merit further investigation.