batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Conventional capacity measurement techniques are time-consuming and thus expensive. But to know the capacity of battery units is necessary, e.g. to select most equal cells for battery pack assembly or to decide whether single units of an aged battery pack are worthy to be reused in a 2nd-life application. So, a quick and easy approach to refer to the actual capacity is of great technical and economic interest. In this paper, the correlation between capacity and impedance of lithium-ion cells during calendar and cycle life is analyzed and assessed, whether it can serve as a base for capacity quick tests. Therefore, new cells, cells aged in the laboratory and those out of two identical electric vehicles are characterized to yield a broad set of data. Results of this work imply the feasibility of correlation based capacity quick tests. However, parameterization of needed functional dependencies between capacity and impedance must be done with laboratory aging data similar to the practical use as a strong dependency of the correlation behavior from the operational and storage conditions is observed. Especially high temperature leads to strong deviation which could be linked to the layered structure of the solid electrolyte interphase.
The new Babylog ventilator from Draeger has recently been launched and combines conventional ventilation, high frequency oscillation, nasal CPAP and oxygen therapy all within the one ventilator. In addition they have included a detachable control panel with 17″ touch screen and rotary knob for easy control and adjustment with additional lung function monitoring. Other features include invasive and non-invasive Ventilation with automatic leakage compensation, simplified operation and monitoring allowing clear representation of ventilation parameters, and extended mobility and transportability for intra-hospital transports. The internal batteries of the Babylog VN500 allow for 30 min operation independent from central power supply.
Acetaldehyde oxime was found to induce more revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 than in TA100 in the absence of S9 metabolic activation. TA100 was originally constructed from TA1535 by the addition of the plasmid pKM101, carrying mucAB which generally enhances sensitivity to the mutagenic effects of chemicals. The role of pKM101 in lowering the sensitivity to acetaldehyde oxime was explored by: (1) increasing the incubation time of the selective agar plates from 2 to 3 days; (2) using a new strain, isogenic to TA100, constructed by introducing pKM101 into the TA1535 isolate used in these experiments; (3) by testing a strain constructed by inserting into TA1535 a plasmid carrying mucAB but otherwise unrelated to pKM101. Each of these alterations increased the number of revertants per plate in the presence of acetaldehyde oxime, indicating that the apparent nonmutagenicity of this chemical in TA100 is due to multiple factors.
Background: The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB) was established in 2007 to collect linked clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging and genetic data in people with schizophrenia and matched controls, and is the first of its kind developed in Australia. Methods: Participants were assessed using a comprehensive assessment battery developed based on advice from a collaboration of schizophrenia research specialists. The three-hour battery consists of socio-demographic questions including medical and family history, neurological evaluation (NES), neuropsychological assessment and cognitive performance measures (WTAR,WASI, RBANS, LNS, COWAT), a diagnostic interview that includes drug and alcohol history (DIP; Castle et al., 2006) to confirm (or screen for) diagnosis, ratings for symptoms (SANS) and general functioning (GAF), and questionnaires of childhood adversity, personality disorder (IPDE) and psychosis proneness (SPQ). Results: The sample currently comprises 550 people with schizophrenia (mean age=39.66years; SD=10.98) and 250 healthy controls (mean age=37.37years; SD=13.14). Compared to the controls, the schizophrenia sample had a higher proportion of males (cases 66.80%; controls 46.40%), fewer living in married or defacto relationships (cases 15.80%; controls 53.60%) and fewer years of education (cases 12.93, SD=2.91; controls 15.13, SD=3.14). Schizophrenia participants also had lower premorbid IQ (cases 103.17, SD=13.17; controls 111.83, SD=8.76), current IQ (cases 102.29, SD=15.62; controls 118.24, SD=10.20) and RBANS scores (cases 82.55, SD=15.59; controls 96.24, SD=15.88)consistent with performance reported previously for Australian samples (Loughland et al., 2007). Discussion: These findings are broadly consistent with those reported previously in the Australian Low Prevalence Disorders Study (Castle, 1999), suggesting the ASRB sample is broadly representative of people with schizophrenia living in Australia. The ASRB is a unique schizophrenia resource that is accessible to approved Australian researchers in 2010 and international scientists in 2011.
This paper proposes a framework to develop an optimal power dispatch strategy for grid-connected wind power plants containing a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Considering the intermittent nature of wind power and rapidly varying electricity market price, short-term forecasting of these variables is used for efficient energy management. The predicted variability trends in market price assist in earning additional income which subsequently increase the operational profit. Then on the basis of income improvement, optimal capacity of the BESS can be determined. The proposed framework utilizes Dynamic Programming tool which can incorporate the predictions of both wind power and market price simultaneously as inputs in a receding horizon approach. The proposed strategy is validated using real electricity market price and wind power data in different scenarios of BESS power and capacity. The obtained results depict the effectiveness of the strategy to help power system operators in ensuring economically optimal energy dispatch. Moreover, the results can aid power system planners in the selection of optimal BESS capacity for given power ratings in order to maximize their operational profits.
The use of liquid metal batteries is considered as one promising option for electric grid stabilization. While large versions of such batteries are preferred in view of the economies of scale, they are susceptible to various magnetohydrodynamic instabilities which imply a risk of short-circuiting the battery due to the triggered fluid flow. Here we focus on the current driven Tayler instability and give critical electrical currents for its onset as well as numerical estimates for the appearing flow structures and speeds. Scaling laws for different materials, battery sizes and geometries are found. We further discuss and compare various means for preventing the instability.
The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was developed to assess cognitive treatment effects in schizophrenia clinical trials, and is considered the FDA gold standard outcome measure for that purpose. The aim of the present study was to establish pre-treatment psychometric characteristics of the MCCB in a large pooled sample. The dataset included 2616 stable schizophrenia patients enrolled in 15 different clinical trials between 2007 and 2016 within the United States (94%) and Canada (6%). The MCCB was administered twice prior to the initiation of treatment in 1908 patients. Test-retest reliability and practice effects of the cognitive composite score, the neurocognitive composite score, which excludes the domain Social Cognition, and the subtests/domains were examined using Intra-Class Correlations (ICC) and Cohen's d. Simulated regression models explored which domains explained the greatest portion of variance in composite scores. Test-retest reliability was high (ICC=0.88) for both composite scores. Practice effects were small for the cognitive (d =0.15) and neurocognitive (d =0.17) composites. Simulated bootstrap regression analyses revealed that 3 of the 7 domains explained 86% of the variance for both composite scores. The domains that entered most frequently in the top 3 positions of the regression models were Speed of Processing, Working Memory, and Visual Learning. Findings provide definitive psychometric characteristics and a benchmark comparison for clinical trials using the MCCB. The test-retest reliability of the MCCB composite scores is considered excellent and the learning effects are small, fulfilling two of the key criteria for outcome measures in cognition clinical trials.
Introduction Chronic pain in children has been an under-recognized problem compared to adult pain. The aim of management is to help children and their families cope with the symptoms rather than a cure. Current medical treatments to reduce pain intensity are often short lived, poorly tolerated or ineffective. Results The use of electrical stimulation to treat pain is the current basis of modern Neuromodulation at the spinal cord and has been well established as spinal cord stimulation in adult practice. This involves placement of an epidural electrode connected to a subcutaneous implanted pulse generator. The electrode generates an electrical field at the dorsal columns of the spinal cord that inhibits pain pathways. Randomised controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy in neuropathic pain states such as the failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. Conclusion Despite its initial expense, Spinal cord stimulation is a cost effective therapy in the long term and has the advantages of being a minimally invasive therapy and reversible.
Our increasing dependence on lithium-ion batteries for energy storage calls for continual improvements in the performance of their positive electrodes, which have so far relied solely on cationic redox of transition-metal ions for driving the electrochemical reactions. Great hopes have recently been placed on the emergence of anionic redox—a transformational approach for designing positive electrodes as it leads to a near-doubling of capacity. But questions have been raised about the fundamental origins of anionic redox and whether its full potential can be realized in applications. In this Review, we discuss the underlying science that triggers a reversible and stable anionic redox activity. Furthermore, we highlight its practical limitations and outline possible approaches for improving such materials and designing new ones. We also summarize their chances for market implementation in the face of the competing nickel-based layered cathodes that are prevalent today.
In order to improve the performance of the Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2, a novel spherical Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2–Li2MnO3 core–shell composite has been successfully synthesized by a simple sol–gel deposition method. It is found that the core–shell composite consists of Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2 as the core and Li2MnO3 as the outer shell according to examination by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The core–shell composite delivers a high capacity of 180.4 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C in the voltage range of 2.0–4.4 V. Most importantly, the core–shell composite exhibits excellent capacity retention of 98.8% after 200 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C, and 93.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a rate of 5 C at room temperature. When cycled at an elevated 55 °C, the prepared sample exhibits only 2.3% capacity loss after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, the core–shell composite shows significantly improved thermal stability relative to that of the pristine Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2. The improved stability of the core–shell composite is ascribed to the stable Li2MnO3 outer shell, which can prevent the Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2 core from direct contact with the electrolyte, and the core material could operate with no risk of structural disruption at high voltages and high temperatures.
In order to solve the problem of high pollution and high energy consumption of the current lead oxide (PbO) preparation processes, a new clean and energy saving preparation method for high purity α-PbO via discharge of a Pb-O2 fuel cell is reported. The fuel cell with metallic lead anode, oxygen cathode, and 30% NaOH electrolyte can provide a discharge voltage of 0.66–0.38 V corresponding to discharge current range of 5–50 mA cm−2. PbO is precipitated from the NaHPbO2–containing electrolyte through a cooling crystallization process after discharge process, and the XRD patterns indicate the structure is pure α-PbO. The mother liquid after crystallization can be recycled for the next batch. The obtained PbO mixed with 60% Shimadzu PbO is superior to the pure Shimadzu PbO in discharge capacity and cycle ability.
Background Only one tumor site is usually biopsied to determine the histologic features of that patient’s entire tumor burden. We hypothesized that there are significant histologic and functional differences in primary neuroendocrine tumors (NETS) and their nodal or organ metastases. We also hypothesized that limited tumor sampling could lead to erroneous assumptions about the tumor’s histologic characteristics and clinical behavior. Materials and Methods Thirteen patients with metastatic well differentiated midgut NETS underwent simultaneous removal of their primary tumor, nodal metastasis, and organ metastasis. Each tumor site was stained quantitatively for Ki-67, chromogranin A (CGA), synaptophysin, CD31, and Factor VIII. Samples were also evaluated with in vitro tumor angiogenesis and drug chemoresistance assays. Results Ki-67 staining was nearly identical at all sites tested. Quantitative stains for CGA, synaptophysin, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), and Factor VIII varied considerably among the patient’s three tissue site samples. Only 6% of the tissue samples tested against a battery of chemotherapeutic agents exhibited susceptibility to a single drug at all three tumor sites. In contrast, several antiangiogenic agents exhibited uniform effectiveness across all three tissue sites in multiple patients. Conclusions Sampling only one NET tumor site may lead to erroneous assumptions about the tumor’s histologic features and functional behavior. Evaluation of primary tumors and their nodal and organ metastasis may be necessary to optimize clinical decision making.
In this article, we report a facile and inexpensive approach to synthesize fractal-like interconnected network of carbon nanoparticles from candle soot and its direct application as anode material for high-rate lithium ion batteries used for electric vehicles. At low charge/discharge rate (0.5C), an initial discharge capacity was found to be 1997mAh/g with moderate 30% coulombic efficiency that increased to 91% after 10 cycles. More importantly, at very high charge/discharge rate (10C), reversible capacity was stabilized at 170mAh/g even after 1000 cycles. This remarkable electrochemical performance may be ascribed to unique morphology of these hard carbon nanoparticles that reduces the diffusion length and also allows fast adsorption/desorption of Li ions on their surface.
Measuring the mind: Assessing the cognitive effects of new compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia There has been considerable recent interest in seeking to develop drugs to rescue cognition in patients with schizophrenia. The academic, pharmaceutical and test development communities have responded to the need for standardized measures of cognitive change for use in studies of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia (CIAS) in a variety of ways. A major impetus was provided by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative, which helpfully characterised the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. The MATRICS group also suggested the use of tests from clinical psychology as a means of assessing these key cognitive domains. Other groups have also proposed measures of the MATRICS specified domains. In this presentation we will consider data from trials that have employed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) as well as those to have employed other cognitive measures. We will also give consideration to the issue of the clinical relevance of cognitive effects and the relationship between cognitive and functional improvement.
This work demonstrated a novel and simple route for preparing a composite comprising of manganese oxide (MnO2) nanoparticles and polyaniline (PANI) doped poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSMA) by “electrochemical doping-deposition”. The PANI–PSSMA–MnO2 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM images revealed a uniform dispersion of MnO2 nanoparticles in the porous structure of PANI–PSSMA structure. XRD measurements showed the distortion of the crystal structure of β-MnO2 after deposition of MnO2 in PANI–PSSMA structure. Thus, the XRD pattern of PANI was predominating. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry were employed in 0.5M Na2SO4 to evaluate the capacitor properties. The results showed a significant improvement in the specific capacitance of the composite electrode. The specific capacitance of PANI–PSSMA–MnO2 (50.4Fg−1) had improvement values of 172% compared to that of PANI (18.5Fg−1). When only the MnO2 mass was considered, the composite had a specific capacitance of 556Fg−1.
Nucleation and growth analysis of formation of poly(azure A) thin films was carried out in this study. Electropolymerization of AA was achieved by using potentiodynamic (cyclic voltammetry) and potentiostatic (constant potential) techniques. Nucleation and growth mechanism of poly(AA) was determined by fitting the potentiostatic current density–time (j–t) transients to theoretical nucleation model. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed to confirm the j–t transient results. Optical characterization was carried out by using UV–vis. absorption spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that oxide formation of gold working electrode takes place at higher potentials than 900mV besides electropolymerization of AA. Potentiostatic j–t transient and morphology studies reveal that nucleation and growth mechanism of poly(AA) film follows consecutive two instantaneous 3-D mechanisms besides random adsorption resulting in two different structures. UV–vis. absorption studies indicate that AA monomer exhibit a main band which broadens and shifts to shorter wavelength values and an additional band arises at 335nm after the electropolymerization process.
The pulse laser technique was employed to study the kinetics of the diffusion processes which follow electron photoinjection from metallic lithium into the solid electrolyte passivating film on the lithium∣solution interface. Solutions of LiClO4, LiAsF6, and LiPF6 in the mixed solvents propylene carbonate+dimethoxyethane and ethylene carbonate+diethyl carbonate were used. A systematic comparison of the experimental photopotential relaxation curves recorded under various experimental conditions (temperature, film thickness and conductivity) with the corresponding theoretical equations was performed. The electron emission length (about 1 nm) has been estimated. The electron diffusion coefficient and activation energy of diffusion calculated from out transient photopotential curves have been found to be close to these values related to the ionic carriers in the solid electrolyte layer. A possible mechanism of photoelectron transfer in the solid electrolyte layer on lithium is discussed.
Binder-free (BF) electrodes simplify interpretation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) data obtained from studies of graphite surfaces. In this work, we prepared BF-graphite electrodes by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and the SEI layers formed on the electrode in lithium cells containing LiPF6- and LiF2BC2O4-bearing electrolytes were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the dominant SEI species were lithium alkyl carbonates (ROCO2Li) and lithium alkoxides (ROLi); Li2CO3 was conspicuously absent. Trigonal borate oligomers are most likely present in the SEI of graphite samples cycled in LiF2BC2O4 electrolyte, while lithium fluorophosphates are present on graphite samples cycled in LiPF6 electrolyte. The SEI layer coverage was greater on graphite samples cycled in LiF2BC2O4 electrolyte than in the LiPF6 electrolyte. Our results demonstrate that BF-graphite electrodes prepared by EPD are suitable for the study of SEI layer formed in various electrolyte systems.
The concept of a passive hybrid system consisting of fuel cell stacks, Li-ion battery packs, and two diodes was tested. The diodes take the place of the DC/DC converter that is usually used to align fuel cell and battery voltages, thereby directly connecting the fuel cell and the battery. Prototype equipment was built for collecting characteristic data on the static and dynamic behavior of the hybrid system. The measurement results indicate that increasing the operation efficiency and simplifying the system were possible by applying the direct hybridization concept. The dynamic behavior results showed an interesting combination of output signals from the fuel cell stack and the battery pack. The quick response of the battery output completely compensated for the delay in fuel cell output response, indicating that the direct hybrid system is also applicable to high-frequency electric loads such as brushless DC motors. The ability to recharge without a DC/DC converter was also successfully validated for the direct hybrid system. From the measurement results, the design method, and the system sizing, this passive hybrid system appears promising for application in the Antares DLR-H2 electric aircraft test bed.
The purpose of this review was to examine characteristics that may distinguish HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) from early Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have significant neuropsychological deficits that have been linked to poor functional outcome. As more treatments are developed and implemented for cognitive impairments, it will be important to consider whether people with schizophrenia have insight into the neuropsychological symptoms of their illness. Just as insight into psychotic symptoms plays a significant role in treatment compliance, it is likely that insight into neuro-cognitive dysfunction will be associated with compliance with cognitive remediation or cognitive enhancing medications. The objective of this study was to evaluate self reported awareness of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia using the MIC-SR, a new scale, and to compare self report of cognitive deficit with actual neuropsychological performance, and with the MIC-SR performance of Healthy Controls. Patients with schizophrenia reported significantly more cognitive problems as occurring “Almost Daily” than did Healthy Controls. However, Patients were most likely to respond that a cognitive problem “Never” occurred, whereas Healthy Controls most often responded “Once a Week or Less”. The Total Score on the MIC-SR did not prove useful in differentiating Healthy Controls from Patients. About one quarter of the cognitively impaired patients with schizophrenia showed no awareness of cognitive deficit on the MIC-SR. This suggests that clinicians must use self report judiciously as an indicator of actual cognitive impairment. The MIC-SR captures a range of awareness of cognitive difficulty. The data indicates that there are many patients who would benefit from psycho-education about the impact of schizophrenia on neuro-cognition.