batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Ayşe Yüzbaşıoğlu, Meral Özgüç, Member of EuroBioBank - European Network of DNA, Cell and Tissue Banks for Rare Diseases
Keywords: Liver tumour, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Radioembolisation, Radiosensitivity, Patient stratification, Individual patient profiles, Biomarker panel, Multilevel diagnostics, Multi-omics, Predictive preventive personalized medicine
Liver cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer worldwide [1], with an incidence rate almost equals the mortality rate and ranks 3rd among causes of cancer related death [2]. The coexistence of two life threatening conditions, cancer and liver cirrhosis makes the staging challenging. However, there are some staging systems, e.g. the Barcelona staging system for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [3], that suggest treatment options and management. Whereas diagnosis in early stages gives hope for a curative outcome, the treatment regime for around 80 % [2] of the patients classified as severe stages only gears towards palliation [4]. An intra-arterial radiation approach, radioembolisation (RE) is ubiquitously applied as one of palliative approaches. Although, in general RE shows promising results in intermediate and advanced stage HCC [5], individual treatment outcomes are currently unpredictable. Corresponding stratification criteria are still unclear.
Failure modes of a V-containing and a V-free AB2 Laves phase-based metal hydride alloy were studied by the combination of X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, Soxhlet extraction, and magnetic susceptibility measurement. Cells with the V-containing alloy exhibited less capacity degradation up until venting occurred in the cells, after which the capacity rapidly degraded. Cells with the V-free alloy remained linear in capacity degradation throughout the cycle life test. The failure mechanism for the V-containing alloy is related to the formation of an oxide layer that penetrates deeper into the alloy particles due to high V leaching and impedes gas recombination, while the failure mechanism for the V-free alloy is related to the continuous pulverization of the main AB2 phase.
The nitrogen doped carbon coating layer on the surface of Li2MnSiO4 (Li2MnSiO4/NC) is successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel process and examined as a cathode in lithium ion batteries. Surface composition and structure analysis confirm that nitrogen is homogeneous incorporated into the carbon layer and dispersed on the surface of Li2MnSiO4 particles, and the nitrogen doping types include contributions of pyridinic nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen, and graphitic nitrogen. Compare with undoped Li2MnSiO4/C, the Li2MnSiO4/NC exhibits even better capacity and rate performances. In particular, when the coating layer contains nitrogen with a desirable mass ratio, the specific discharge capacity for the Li2MnSiO4/NC can reach 277.3 mAh g−1 at the rate of 0.1C, corresponding to the capacity retention of 74.4% after 50 cycles. These excellent electrochemical properties are mainly ascribed to the nitrogen doping, which changes the electronic structure of the carbon layer to enhance the electrical conductivity of Li2MnSiO4 cathode, since the higher electronegativity of nitrogen than carbon. More importantly, pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen play a leading role, which enhances the electronic conductivity as well as graphitic nitrogen but also creates abundant of defects as electrochemical actives to facilitate Li+ rapid migration at the interface.
Lithium-rich transition metal oxide (Li1+XM1−XO2) cathodes have high energy density above 900 Wh kg−1 due to hybrid anion- and cation-redox (HACR) contributions, but critical issues such as oxygen release and voltage decay during cycling have prevented their application for years. Here we show that a molten molybdate-assisted LiO extraction at 700 °C creates lattice-coherent but depth (r)-dependent Li1+X(r)M1−X(r)O2 particles with a Li-rich (X ≈ 0.2) interior, a Li-poor (X ≈ −0.05) surface and a continuous gradient in between. The gradient Li-rich single crystals eliminate the oxygen release to the electrolyte and, importantly, still allow stable oxygen redox contributions within. Both the metal valence states and the crystal structure are well maintained during cycling. The gradient HACR cathode displays a specific density of 843 Wh kg−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2C and 808 Wh kg−1 after 100 cycles at 1C, with very little oxygen release and consumption of electrolyte. This high-temperature immunization treatment can be generalized to leach other elements to avoid unexpected surface reactions in batteries.
Background: The self-medication hypothesis attempts to explain the extraordinary high levels of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia. It rests on three main explanations; patients may smoke as an attempt to reduce their cognitive deficits, their symptoms or the antipsychotic side-effects. In a previous report, our team detected a beneficial attentional and working memory performance in smoking first episode psychosis patients compared to non-smokers soon after their stabilization. Methods: In the present analyses we examine differences in the course of those deficits 12-months after the instauration of the antipsychotic treatment, exploring also smoking associations to symptoms and medication side-effects. Neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, month 6 and 12, using a computerized battery that included measures of sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test CPT- O), selective attention (Stroop Interference task) and working memory (CPT- XO). Patients included met the criteria of fitting in the same smoking category throughout the study: non-smoker (n=15; 0 cigarettes/day), smoker (n=26; >15 cigarettes/day). Results: Smoking patients lost their superior baseline performance, which probably was obtained through nicotinic stimulation, at the 6-12months assessments due to a static course of deficits. The non-smoking patients showed significant improvements, probably derived from the antipsychotic treatment. Discussion: Nicotine in tobacco smoking might improve attention and working memory in a similarly modest degree than atypical antipsychotics. Smoking might reflect an effort to ameliorate these cognitive dysfunctions. Smoking was not associated with fewer extrapyramidal side-effects or symptoms. Moreover, nicotine consumers worsen their symptoms over the first year, result that supports smoking as a marker of a more severe illness.
Corpus callosum (CC) might be related to cognitive performance because of its role in interhemispheric communication. Previous research has focused mainly on volumetric analyses of the CC, yielding contradictory results to some extent. Shape is an approach that integrates and extends the data obtained with the volumetric methodology. Here, we analyze the relationships between midsagittal CC shape variation and several cognitive measures. 2D coordinates from 102 MRI-scanned young adult human CCs were superimposed through a Procrustes approach. The residual variation was regressed onto 21 cognitive measures completed by the participants. Most of these measures (including general intelligence, working memory, executive functioning, and mental speed) were unrelated to midsagittal CC morphology. However, attentional control did show consistent and significant correlations with CC shape variation. Slower responses in attentional control were systematically associated with more curved and thinner CC, with consequent rotation of the splenium and the genu. Although the magnitude of the correlations suggests a small relationship of midsagittal CC geometry and attention, the results provide interesting clues regarding the links between brain anatomical configuration and human cognitive function.
LiCoO2 was surface modified by a coprecipitation method followed by a high-temperature treatment in air. FePO4-coated LiCoO2 was characterized with various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), 3C overcharge and hot-box safety experiments. For the 14500R-type cell, under a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.3 and 4.4V, 3wt.% FePO4-coated LiCoO2 exhibits good electrochemical properties with initial discharge specific capacities of 146 and 155mAhg−1 and capacity retention ratios of 88.7 and 82.5% after 400 cycles, respectively. Moreover, the anti-overcharge and thermal safety performance of LiCoO2 is greatly enhanced. These improvements are attributed to the FePO4 coating layer that hinders interaction between LiCoO2 and electrolyte and stabilizes the structure of LiCoO2. The FePO4-coated LiCoO2 could be a high performance cathode material for lithium-ion battery.
Recent experimental developments reveal that nanoscale lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) olivine particles exhibit very different phase transition behavior from the bulk olivine phase. A crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition has been observed in nanosized particles in competition with the equilibrium phase transition between the lithium-rich and lithium-poor olivine phases. Here we apply a diffuse-interface (phase-field) model to study the kinetics of the different phase transition pathways in nanosized LiFePO4 particles upon delithiation. We find that the nucleation and growth kinetics of the crystalline-to-crystalline and crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformations are sensitive to the applied electrical overpotential and particle size, which collectively determine the preferred phase transition pathway. While the crystalline-to-crystalline phase transition is favored by either faster nucleation or growth kinetics at low or high overpotentials, particle amorphization dominates at intermediate overpotentials. Decreasing particle size expands the overpotential region in which amorphization is preferred. The asymmetry in the nucleation energy barriers for amorphization and recrystallization results in a phase transition hysteresis that should promote the accumulation of the amorphous phase in electrodes after repeated electrochemical cycling. The predicted overpotential- and size-dependent phase transition behavior of nanoscale LiFePO4 particles is consistent with experimental observations.
Characterisation of expander materials has been obtained by comparing the results of three different electrochemical techniques: cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic transients and electrochemical impedance. It is shown that the evaluation of the expanders' performance carried out on the basis of the results of such techniques takes into account different important actions of the organic additives such as adsorption on lead and kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Seventeen different organic substances have been tested including both commercial materials used in the lead-acid battery industry, and other materials presenting physico-chemical similarities to known expanders.
It remains a challenging task to solve the imperative problems facing lithium metal anodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries. Herein, a synergistic strategy is developed to suppress lithium dendrite growth, facilitate solid electrolyte interphase stabilization, and consequently improve lithium metal anode performance, through using a self-supporting three-dimensional fluorine-doped graphene shuttle-implanted porous carbon network as the multifunctional host matrix for lithium. The methodology emphasizes structural and interfacial synergism in controlling the nucleation and growth of lithium deposits, which can enable lithium dendrite-free deposition and high-efficiency lithium plating/stripping. Such a structure and interface-engineered electrode matrix not only acts as a favorable lithium reservoir to enable the electrode-level stability, as a current density regulator to manage the initial nucleation and subsequent growth of lithium, but also as an interfacial modifier to stabilize solid electrolyte interphase layers. As a result, the developed anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, retaining an average Coulombic efficiency as high as 99% over 300 cycles. Combined with a simple and efficient fabrication process, the study presented here offers a viable option for fabricating dendrite-free lithium metal anodes for lithium metal battery systems and at the same time, sheds light on other high-performance metal battery construction.
Hydrogen starvation results in an inhomogeneous distribution of gases within fuel cells and stacks. An inhomogeneous reactant distribution significantly changes the current density distribution over the active cell area and can cause high cathode potentials due to the presence of oxygen in the anode electrode domain. High cathode potentials result in corrosion of the carbon support and thus lead to irreversible cell degradation. A PEMFC single cell assembly was utilised for detailed investigations of these phenomena. The cell was operated with low stoichiometries and in dead-end mode. Product gas analyses were utilised for determining the degradation phenomena.
Synchrotron based in situ X-ray diffraction was used to study the structural changes of a ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 cathode in comparison with the uncoated sample during multi-cycling in a wider voltage window from 2.5 to 4.8V. It was found that the improved cycling performance of ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 is closely related to the larger lattice parameter “c” variation range, which is an indicator of how far the structural change has proceeded towards the two end members of the phase transition stream during charge–discharge cycling. At fifth charge, the lattice parameter variation ranges for both uncoated and ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 were reduced compared with those for the first charge, reflecting the capacity fading caused by the high voltage cycling. However, this variation range reduction is smaller in ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 than that in the uncoated sample, and so is the capacity fading. These results point out an important direction for studying the fading mechanism and coating effects: the key issues are the surface protection, the interaction between the cathode surface and the electrolyte and the electrolyte decomposition. In order to improve the capacity retention during cycling, the variation range of lattice parameter “c” of LiCoO2 should be preserved, not reduced.
The influence of the slurry mixing procedure on the homogeneity and electrochemical performance of composite electrodes for Li-ion batteries was studied. MCMB graphite and Co3O4 were used as probe active materials, since they exhibit different reaction mechanisms with lithium. Three different mixing procedures were used, (i) magnetic stirring, (ii) magnetic stirring with additional sonication steps and (iii) ball milling. SEM studies allow to determine that the mixing procedure has a significant effect in the microstructure of the active material. Indeed, ball milling was found to destroy the pristine MCMB microstructure and to induce agglomeration in nanosized Co3O4. While magnetic stirring is much less aggressive to that respect, sonication steps were found to enhance the homogeneity of the mixture without inducing major modifications in the microstructure of the materials and hence to have a beneficial impact in the final electrochemical performance.
Energy storage technologies are used in modern grids for a variety of applications and with different techniques. The range of applications and technologies is very broad, and finding the right storage solution for the job at hand can be difficult. In order to simplify the selection, this paper presents a matrix of the available technologies and applications. Along with proposing the matrix, the technologies and applications of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) are described thoroughly and are compared on the basis of many different parameters, such as capacity, storage power, response time, discharge time, and life time. Moreover, the structure of energy storage, which is constituted of different steps and parts, is investigated. Since the implementing of an ESS is expensive, this paper also analyzes the possibility of integrating different types of ESSs and presents a comprehensive diagram to show the ESS technologies that can be integrated together in order to provide the needed performance in a cost-optimal way. Finally, the key results of this comprehensive study are summarized in a number of tables.
High wind penetration wind diesel hybrid systems (WDHS) have three modes of operation: Diesel Only (DO), Wind Diesel (WD) and Wind Only (WO). The WDHS presented in this article consists of a wind turbine generator (WTG), a diesel engine (DE), a synchronous machine (SM), the consumer load, a battery-based energy storage system (BESS), a discrete dump load (DL) and a distributed control system (DCS). The DE can be engaged (DO and WD modes)/disengaged (WO mode) from the SM by means of a clutch. The DCS consists of a sensor node, which measures the SM and DE speeds, calculates the reference active power P REF necessary to balance the active power in the WDHS and communicates this P REF value with a message to the BESS and DL actuator nodes. In the WO mode, the power sources are the WTG and the BESS (temporary) and if there is an active power shortfall, the DCS, to prevent a frequency collapse, must order to start the DE, wait until the DE reaches the SM speed and lock the clutch, changing to the WD mode. With the clutch locked, the combined actuation of the DE+BESS will raise the system frequency to the rated value. This WO to WD transition is simulated in this article showing graphs for frequency, voltage and active powers for the elements of the system. These graphs are compared with the ones obtained if the BESS does not actuate in WD mode. The comparison results show that with the BESS actuation in WD mode the settling time is reduced a 50%, the over and under shooting in the system frequency are eliminated and the system voltage variations are reduced a 40%.
Background Neurocognition in general, and memory functioning in particular, as well as symptoms have all been shown to be related to social problem solving (SPS) in schizophrenia. However, few studies have directly compared the relative contribution of neurocognition vs. psychiatric symptoms to the components of SPS. Method Sixty outpatients (aged 21–65) who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered a broad battery of memory tests and assessed for severity of positive and negative symptoms as part of a baseline assessment of a study of psychiatric rehabilitation. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the contribution of memory functioning vs. symptoms on receiving, processing, and sending skill areas of social problem solving ability. Results An index of verbal learning was the strongest predictor of processing skills whereas negative symptoms were the strongest predictor of sending skills. Positive symptoms were not related to any of the three skill areas of social problem solving. Conclusions Memory functioning and psychiatric symptoms differentially predict selected areas of social problem solving ability in persons with schizophrenia. Consistent with other reports, positive symptoms were not related to social problem solving. Consideration of both neurocognition and negative symptoms may be important to the development of rehabilitation interventions in this area of functioning.
In situ micro-FTIR spectroscopy was explored to characterize the solid–solid interface between lithium electrode and polymer electrolytes. The cyclic voltammetric (CV) results indicated that the reduction reactions of oxygen and water as well as the formation of underpotential deposition (UPD) Li occur in the Li/PEO20-LiN(CF3SO2)2 electrolyte interface in the different potential region. The infrared spectral changes observed during the CV process revealed that there is a direct correlation between the CV peaks and the magnitude of the infrared peaks. It is shown that the infrared reflectivity from the solid–solid interface is very sensitive to the formation of the passive layer on the lithium electrodes. The results obtained from optical micrographs also displayed directly the formation of the passive layer along with lithium deposition and dissolution process. It is correlated well with in situ FTIR and electrochemical experiments.
Inactive silicon-metal phase as addition agent of silicon-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries can effectively improve the battery electrochemical performance. SiMn/C composites composed of Si, Mn4Si7 alloy and amorphous carbon, were synthesized by a liquid solidification method with subsequent heating treatment. The obtained 90%Si10%Mn/C composite as the electrode displays a good cyclabiltiy with a capacity retention of 82.3% after 100 cycles and an excellent rate capability with a high capacity of 880.6 mAh g−1 even at a high rate of 13 A g−1. The outstanding performance of 90%Si10%Mn/C electrode is attributed to the inactive Mn4Si7 alloy in the composites, which mainly distribute in between nano-silicon particles or on the surface of nano-silicon, to build up a connection between nano-silicon particles and enhance the stability of both electrode material structure and electrode/electrolyte interface. We believe that integrating inactive Mn4Si7 alloy may open a sacred door for the large-scale production silicon-based anode materials.
Thermal runaway is a major cause of failure in Li-ion batteries (LIBs), and of particular concern for high energy density transport applications, where safety concerns have hampered commercialisation. A clear understanding of electro-thermal properties and how these relate to structure and operation is vital to improving thermal management of LIBs. Here a combined thermal imaging, X-ray tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) approach was applied to commercially available 18650 cells to study their thermal characteristics. Thermal imaging was used to characterise heterogeneous temperature distributions during discharge above 0.75C; the complementary information provided by 3D X-ray tomography was utilised to evaluate the internal structure of the battery and identify the regions causing heating, specifically the components of the battery cap.
Energy storage technologies are essential for the mainstream realization of renewable energy. Underwater compressed air energy storage (UWCAES) is developed from mature compressed air energy storage (CAES) technologies and retrofitted to store offshore renewable energy. Existing UWCAES technologies, however, usually operate at off-design conditions when handling fluctuating and intermittent renewable energy, which compromises the round-trip exergy efficiency. To increase efficiency, a multi-level UWCAES system is proposed. The results show that the exergy efficiency of the multi-level UWCAES system varies from 62% to 81% in different working modes. The exergy efficiency tends toward 62% when more energy is stored in the CAES subsystem and approaches 81% when more energy is stored in the design-integrated battery pack.