batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The central role of caregiver eating messages has been recognized on later individual’s eating behaviour, body image and weight status. Additionally, shame is a painful emotion also associated with the development and maintenance of body image and eating-related difficulties. The main aim of the present study was to explore the moderator effect of the recall of caregiver eating messages on the associations between external shame, body weight and shape-related concerns, and the adoption of inflexible eating rules.
Overexpression of complement C4A is associated with schizophrenia risk. Using a novel mouse model, Yilmaz et al. find that increased expression of C4A leads to abnormal synaptic pruning and behavior, suggesting its importance as a therapeutic target.
Commercial Li4Ti5O12 is modified by AlF3 with the purpose of suppressing the gas generation of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery. The prepared AlF3-modified Li4Ti5O12 is characterized by a variety of means such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that only part of Al3+ and F− have co-doped into the bulk phase of Li4Ti5O12 particles, while the rest of the Al3+ and F− remain on the surface of the Li4Ti5O12 particles to form an AlF3 coating layer. The AlF3 coating layer on the surface of AlF3-modified Li4Ti5O12 is very effective in suppressing the gas generation of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery. AlF3 modification is a simple yet very effective strategy, which can both improve the high-rate charge/discharge performance of Li4Ti5O12 and suppress the gassing behavior of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery.
Physical activity is a common adjunctive therapy in psychiatric and psychosomatic hospitals. In the present study, we assessed the effects of an exercise program, integrated into routine inpatient treatment, on cognitive performance and subjective severity of depression in a sample of patients suffering from major depression. We randomized n = 38 patients with unipolar depression to either physical exercise (n = 18) or occupational therapy as an active control treatment (n = 20). Both treatments were delivered in group format over a period of 3–4 weeks. Data indicate that there were significant improvements of cognitive functions and depressive symptoms in both groups, with specific treatment effects in reaction time and in short-term verbal memory favoring the physical activity group. In conclusion, we found physical exercise to be a feasible, easy-to-implement add-on therapy for depressive patients with promising effects on cognitive performance. However, these results need to be replicated in larger samples with an extended follow-up.
Systemic inflammation, neurocognitive impairments, and morphologic brain changes are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Understanding their longitudinal evolution and interactions after surgical treatment provides clues to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and its reversibility. In the present study, we investigate clinical disease severity, systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and corresponding gray matter volume (GMV) changes in OSA, and the modifications following surgery.
Al/Fe-doped V6O13 is synthesized via a solvothermal method using V2O5, C2H5OH, Al(NO3)3·9H2O and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as raw materials. Results of XRD show that different Al/Fe-doped amounts of V6O13 are successfully synthesized. Figures of SEM reveal different morphologies of Al/Fe-doped V6O13. Charge- discharge results indicate that the suitable Al/Fe-doping can improve the electrochemical performance of the material. When the mole ratio of Al/Fe is 5.33/4.95, the average width of the sample is 200 nm and the average length is 4.8 μm. This morphology can shorten the transport path of lithium ions. Meanwhile, the initial discharge specific capacity of the sample is 426.9 mAh/g, which increases by 52% compared to pure phase. The suitable Al/Fe-doping is also conducive to reducing the charge transfer resistance and increasing the diffusion rate of lithium ions. The current research results show that Al/Fe-doped V6O13 has potential application value in cathode material of lithium-ion batteries.
Abstract In an attempt to overcome many of the problems with the manufacture and mechanical properties of laminates, considerable attention has been given over the past 30 years to the development of advanced structures reinforced with 3-D fibre architectures. Among the large family of textile structures, 3-D fabrics have attracted the most serious interest in the aerospace industry and served as a catalyst in stimulating the revival of interest in textile composites. Considering the importance of 3-D fabrics, in this chapter some of the applications of 3-D woven, knitted, non-woven and braided fabrics to advanced composites, medical textiles, sports, geotextiles, space and protective garments are presented.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems. However, the commercial application of Li-S batteries with practical loading levels (>7 mg cm−2) still remains several obstacles, including low sulfur utilization, short lifespan, and poor rate property. Exploiting advanced multifunctional binders is an effective and straightforward approach to improve electrochemical performance and this method has the inherent advantage of not introducing additional weight and volume, which will undermine maximizing the cell energy density. Traditional PVDF binder fails to withstand mechanical instability of high-loading electrode; moreover, the binder possesses poor affinity for polysulfides, making it unsuitable for high-loading Li-S battery. Hence, designing rationally advanced binder systems is urgently required to fabricate high-loading sulfur electrodes. Although much effort has been devoted in this regard, practical binders for high-loading sulfur electrodes are still absent. To accelerate the development of such binder systems, we review the recent progress on the advanced binders in high-performance Li-S batteries. We discuss their functional mechanisms, summarize their desirable properties, and then provide perspective on the future development of advanced binders for practical Li-S batteries.
In the modern agriculture, greenhouses are well established as technological solutions aimed to increase plants productivity and crops quality. Greenhouses can include added capabilities for the energy generation by the integration of photovoltaic solar modules in their cladding areas provided that the blocking effect of photosynthetically active radiation is not significant for plants growing. After a comprehensive literature survey on the integration of photovoltaic systems in greenhouses, this work describes the results of an experience carried out at Almería (South Eastern Spain), where it has been built and monitored a 1.024m2 pilot photovoltaic greenhouse. The experimental set up has consisted of a greenhouse roof 9.79% coverage ratio by means of 24 flexible thin film modules, installed in two different checkerboard configurations. The obtained results indicate that, for the conditions of the undertaken experiment, the yearly electricity production normalised to the greenhouse ground surface is 8.25kWhm−2, concordant to previous findings for the used type of modules. In addition to this, an artificial neural network model has been elaborated to predict the electricity instantaneous production of the system, showing the suitability of this modelling technique for complex and non linear systems, as it is the case of the constructively integrated PV plants, either in greenhouses and buildings, where both impinging radiation and system configuration are highly constrained by the pre-existing structures.
A composite alloy composed of Mg2Ni and TiNi phases has been synthesized directly from elemental powders of Mg, Ni and Ti by mechanical alloying. The alloyed powders are produced by milling for 20h. Most of the powders are not a perfect composite state but a mixture of Mg2Ni and TiNi grains. The amount of the Mg2Ni phase is relatively less than that of the TiNi phase because more Mg forms a solid-solution with TiNi than Ti forms with Mg2Ni. The maximum discharge capacity of the composite electrode is 380mAhg−1 at a discharge current density of 10mAg−1. This value is higher than that of a mechanically alloyed Mg2Ni electrode. The composite electrode shows improved cycle-life compared with single-phase Mg2Ni. For example, after 150 cycles the ratio of the discharge capacity to the maximum value is about 55% whilst the ratio for Mg2Ni is below 10%. The composite electrode also has a high-rate discharge capability which is about 100mAhg−1 after 40 cycles, regardless of the discharge current density.
Increasing the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), especially the energy efficiency and power density, is critically important to reduce the system cost to a level for widespread commercialization. Unlike conventional VRFBs with flow-through structure, in this work we create a VRFB featuring a flow-field structure with a carbon nanoparticle-decorated graphite felt electrode for the battery. This novel structure, exhibiting a significantly reduced ohmic loss through reducing electrode thickness, an increased surface area and improved electrocatalytic activity by coating carbon nanoparticles, allows the energy efficiency up to 84.8% at a current density of as high as 100mAcm−2 and the peak power density to reach a value of 508mWcm−2. In addition, it is demonstrated that the battery with this proposed structure exhibits a substantially improved rate capability and capacity retention as opposed to conventional flow-through structured battery with thick graphite felt electrodes.
The silicon films as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were fabricated by the cost-effective, high-throughput photosintering process. The thinner Si film (1.3 μm) exhibited larger storage capacity and better cyclability compared to the thicker one (4.2 μm) due to the close contact of the fused silicon nanoparticles with the substrate. Moreover, the addition of silver nanoparticles improved the conductivity of silicon film and facilitated the amorphous phase formation, resulting in enhanced capacity and cyclability. The photosintering approach highlights the advantage in the flexible and practicable manufacture and shows the promising prospects for developing high-performance Si-based anode materials.
LiFePO4 powders were synthesized under several different conditions (solid state reactions at high temperatures, co-precipitation in aqueous medium, hydrothermal synthesis or mechanochemical activation). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical titration and their electrochemical performance were investigated in terms of cycling behavior. We also report, in this work, the benefit of introducing an electronic conductor precursor (typically a sucrose) during or after the synthesis in order to overcome the poor charge transfer associated with the lithium iron phosphate.
Silicon is a promising candidate to substitute or complement graphite as anode material in Li-ion batteries due, mainly, to its high energy density. However, the lithiation/delithiation processes of silicon particles are inherently related to drastic volume changes which, within a battery's physically constrained case, can induce significant deformation of the fundamental components of the battery that can eventually cause it to fail. In this work, we use non-destructive time-lapse X-ray imaging techniques to study the coupled electrochemo-mechanical phenomena in Li-ion batteries. We present X-ray computed tomography data acquired at different times during the first lithiation of custom-built silicon-lithium battery cells. Microstructural volume changes have been quantified using full 3D strain field measurements from digital volume correlation analysis. Furthermore, the extent of lithiation of silicon particles has been quantified in 3D from the grey-scale of the tomography images. Correlation of the volume expansion and grey-scale changes over the silicon-based electrode volume indicates that the process of lithiation is kinetically affected by the reaction at the Si/Li x Si interface.
Long-term antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia is often associated with the emergence of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and TD presence is also accompanied by more severe cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress-induced damage may be involved in the development of TD and contribute to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We examined the role of oxidative stress in relation to TD and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia using plasma manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as a biomarker. We recruited 83 male chronic patients with (n=32) and without TD (n=51) meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, and 58 male control subjects. We examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and MnSOD activity for all subjects. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) were assessed in the patients. MnSOD activity was lower in patients with TD than non-TD, and either TD or non-TD group had lower MnSOD levels than controls (all p<0.05). Patients with TD had lower RBANS total (p<0.05) and Visuospatial/Constructional subscale scores than non-TD patients (p<0.01), and either TD or non-TD group scored lower than the controls on all RBANS subscales (all p<0.001) except for the Visuospatial/Constructional index. Multiple regression analysis showed that in either TD or non-TD group, MnSOD was an independent contributor to the RBANS total score (both p<0.05). These findings suggest that TD patients suffered oxidative stress and cognition impairment at a more severe level than non-TD patients. Oxidative stress might serve as a functionally linking node between TD development and cognition dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Increasingly there is demand for clean energy sources and suitable batteries to store this energy. Manganese dioxide and lithiated variants are a promising alternative to conventional Li-ion cathodes due to their cost, abundance, safety and electrochemical performance. Cathodes which operate by a single-phase lithium insertion/extraction process can offer some intrinsic advantages over those with two-phase processes. In this work, in-situ and ex-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to investigate the structural evolution and lithium insertion/extraction mechanism of various Li x MnO2 cathodes that have been derived from γ-MnO2. Li0.30MnO2 is found to cycle solely with a single-phase mechanism, in contrast to previous literature reports, with only subtle changes in the crystal structure. However, a better cycling discharge capacity is realised through a two-step lithiation synthesis, thermally lithiated Li0.08MnO2 which is then electrochemically lithiated to Li0.33MnO2. After an irreversible two-phase reaction early in the first discharge, this material cycles by a single-phase reaction with good structural reversibility and a stable unoptimised cycling capacity of 120 mAh/g. Comparing cathodes using a combination of in-situ and ex-situ synchrotron XRD data allows us to rationalise cathodic performance with structure and thereby directing research into promising candidates.
It is essential to improve the electron and lithium ion conductivities of Lithium iron(II) phosphate (LiFePO4) used as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. In the work, we designed and fabricated a series of composites of LiFePO4 modified cooperatively with chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polyaniline. It was demonstrated that the composites have a three dimensional network structures in which the CRGO and the polyaniline were intertwined and coated uniformly on the surface of LiFePO4. Comparably, as cathode for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared composites showed better electrochemical performances than the bare LiFePO4 and the LiFePO4 modified simply with CRGO or polyaniline alone. The elaboration of the underneath mechanism on the pronounced electrochemical properties of the composites was also attempted and discussed.
The main obstacle for broad adaption of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries originates from the shuttle effect of electrolyte-soluble intermediates of lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn, 4 ≤ n ≤ 8). Rational design of multifunctional sulfur cathodes with porous conductive matrix and large polar sites is greatly desired. Herein, we report three-dimensional hierarchical porous TiO2/graphene aerogel (TiO2/GA) composites as promising anchoring materials for sulfur species. Various TiO2/GA composites with 3.5, 15.3, 54.6 and 75.2 wt% TiO2 are synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process. Specifically, the one containing 15.3 wt% TiO2 exhibits a superior boost in specific capacity, rate capability and cyclability. The factors contribute to the high performance attributing much to the strong interfacial chemical and physical interactions of TiO2/GA with Li2Sn. Moreover, further improved sulfur utilization is achieved by adding glucose to adjust the surface area and pore size distribution of the aerogels. At a high rate of 2 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1), an initial discharge capacity up to 1011 mAh g−1 is obtained with a decent cyclic efficiency and 100% coulombic efficiency over 500 cycles. These results bring a broad perspective for the future design on practical sulfur-based electrodes.
A solid state Na+ electrolyte is developed by dissolving Na+ salts into the organic crystal succinonitrile, which exhibits a high ionic conductivity of ∼10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature and a wide electrochemical window of >3V. Based on this solid-state electrolyte, an all-organic Na–ion battery is constructed by use of poly(aniline/o-nitroaniline) (P(AN-NA)) cathode and poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) anode. This solid-state battery works well with an open circuit voltage of 2.4V and can be cycled at considerable high rate of >800mAg−1, showing a competitive performance to the organic solvent Na-ion batteries.
This paper describes the estimation of hydrodynamic coefficients and the control algorithm based on a nonlinear mathematical modeling for a test bed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) named by SNUUV I (Seoul National University Underwater Vehicle I). A six degree of freedom mathematical model for SNUUV I is derived with linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic coefficients, which are estimated with the help of a potential code and also the system identification using multi-variable regression. A navigation algorithm is developed using three ranging sonars, pressure sensor and two inclinometers keeping towing tank applications in mind. Based on the mathematical model, a simulation program using a model-based control algorithm is designed for heading control and wall following control of SNUUV I. It is demonstrated numerically that the navigation system together with controller guides the vehicle to follow the desired heading and path with a sufficient accuracy. Therefore the model-based control algorithm can be designed efficiently using the system identification method based on vehicle motion experiments with the appropriate navigation system.
Ternary nickel–iron–carbon (Ni–Fe–C) alloys have been characterized by means of microstructural and electrochemical techniques in view of their possible applications as electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrochemical efficiency of the electrodes has been evaluated on the basis of electrochemical data obtained from the steady-state polarization Tafel curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1M NaOH solution at 298K in the absence and presence of cyanide ion as the poison. Steady-state polarization Tafel curves showed that the Ni–Fe–C electrodes were apparently active for the HER. Therefore, the EIS studies were performed to obtain more precise data and find the source of activity. A surface roughness of more than three orders of magnitude was observed for Ni62Fe35C3 electrode. The rate constants of the forward and backward reactions of Volmer and Heyrovský steps were estimated by using Tafel-impedance data. A comparison between the values obtained for R f by the EIS and the values obtained for k 2 by approximation of Tafel-impedance data revealed that the increase in activity of Ni62Fe35C3 electrode toward the HER was partially (20%) originated from increase in the surface roughness, and mostly (80%) from increase in the intrinsic activity.
Tailoring the energy density of Ni(II)-chelated complex cation is accomplished by substituting various counter anions. Larger-sized anions are favored for increasing both the solubility and working voltage. The former advantage with larger-sized anion can be readily assumed since the binding energy is smaller to allow a higher solubility in solvents. The latter comes from the fact that Ni(II)(cyclam) complex cation in square-planar geometry shows a higher working voltage. Furthermore, the solubility of redox couple is enhanced by increasing the dielectric constant of used solvent. Consequently, the largest anion (TFSI−) demonstrates the most promising physicochemical/electrochemical properties; the energy density of redox couple reaches 27.3 W h L−1 with the working voltage, 2.55 V. The Ni(cyclam)[TFSI]2 shows very reversible electrochemistry in 1.0 M TEABF4 in EC/PC (1:1 = v/v) electrolyte and presents stable cycleability at non-flowing coin type static cell.
Battery-powered mobile devices substantially constrain energy resources. Process-level energy profiling tools can identify the most energy-consuming process and detail the energy usage of hardware components. With the help of energy profiling tools, programmers can fine-tune the energy consumption of processes to extend battery lifetime. However, profiling tools are highly dependent on hardware and must be calibrated for each hardware platform. Furthermore, for any new hardware components, new energy estimation formulas must be created. To solve these two problems regarding off-the-shelf products, this work proposes a two-phase calibrating approach. The first phase reconstructs the power table with a power meter, while the second creates new energy estimation formulas using linear regression analysis. The accuracy of the calibrated tool was evaluated in five scenarios and its error ratio is proven to be below 10%, occasionally less than 5%. Hence, this proposed approach to energy consumption profiling represents a major step in off-the-shelf devices.