batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The large irreversible capacities of graphene oxide-based anodes hinder commercial applications of GO materials although the high specific capacity of it has been universally accepted. In this paper, GO was treated under alkaline condition and the composite consisting of the modified GO and graphite was used as anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), resulting in an improved initial coulombic efficiency. Electrochemical tests also showed that the modified GO/graphite electrode possessed 86.0% of initial coulombic efficiency, which was 15% higher than that of pristine GO/graphite electrode. The species and the content of functional groups were investigated via XPS, FTIR characterizations in detail, which certified that the ring-opening reaction of epoxides under alkaline condition could greatly reduce the irreversible capacity of GO/graphite anode, in addition, the reversible capacity was guaranteed at the same time. This modified GO/graphite electrodes in the LIBs exhibit superior rate capability and long cycle life. The uniqueness of this electrode lied in its chemical stability, which benefits from the transition of epoxide group and unstable functional groups removal.
To identify the volume changes of hippocampus subfields in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment and to determine how these atrophy patterns associate with impairments in different cognitive domain.
Background Neuropsychological deficits have been reported in association with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Reductions in grey matter (GM) volumes have been documented in FEP subjects compared to healthy controls. However, the possible inter-relationship between the findings of those two lines of research has been scarcely investigated. Objective To investigate the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and GM volume abnormalities in a population-based sample of FEP patients compared to healthy controls from the same geographical area. Methods FEP patients (n =88) and control subjects (n =86) were evaluated by neuropsychological assessment (Controlled Oral Word Association Test, forward and backward digit span tests) and magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry. Results Single-group analyses showed that prefrontal and temporo-parietal GM volumes correlated significantly (p <0.05, corrected) with cognitive performance in FEP patients. A similar pattern of direct correlations between neocortical GM volumes and cognitive impairment was seen in the schizophrenia subgroup (n =48). In the control group, cognitive performance was directly correlated with GM volume in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and inversely correlated with parahippocampal gyral volumes bilaterally. Interaction analyses with “group status” as a predictor variable showed significantly greater positive correlation within the left inferior prefrontal cortex (BA46) in the FEP group relative to controls, and significantly greater negative correlation within the left parahippocampal gyrus in the control group relative to FEP patients. Conclusion Our results indicate that cognitive deficits are directly related to brain volume abnormalities in frontal and temporo-parietal cortices in FEP subjects, most specifically in inferior portions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
The state of charge (SOC) or the depth of discharge (DOD) to and the time to delamination onset and the critical size for delamination, which are potentially important in lithium ion battery design for preventing the patterned thin film electrodes from delamination, are investigated. A theoretical approach based on the cohesive model is proposed to formulate the time to and the SOC (or DOD) to delamination onset, as well as the critical size for patterned disk-like electrodes. It is found that for negative electrode the delamination initiation is dominated by mode-II during cell charging and by mode-I during cell discharging. For positive electrode both delamination modes are theoretically possible during cell charging. When the electrochemical load factor i ¯ is very high, the mode-I delamination is possible and an optimal size of electrodes exists for a given maximum i ¯ . The SOC to mode-II delamination onset decreases significantly with increasing dimensionless radius, being independent of i ¯ . When the mode-II is the dominated mode the critical size for delamination exists, and a formula for the critical size for delamination has been deduced, which is proportional to interface ductility and inversely proportional to maximum volumetric strain.
Thermal and strain management is required for a considerate lithium-ion battery management system (BMS) to depress the operating temperature and strain. In this paper, non-destructive temperature equipment and strain gauges are used simultaneously to monitor the temperature and strain of 18650 lithium-ion battery pack with a heat pipe cooling device (HPCD) which is used to depress temperature. At the steady-state and dynamic-state discharge processes, the temperature of pack is dramatically different with cooling device or not, and the optimal operating temperature is kept when HPCD is embedded in the center of pack with forced convection. The strain decreases in discharge progress after the pack is equipped with HPCD and has the same trend of temperature change in charge-discharge cycle process. The battery management system of temperature and strain is also effective during multiple charge-discharge processes. Furthermore, this system has the superiority of low power consumption.
A series of Mn-doped Li9V3−x Mn x (P2O7)3(PO4)2/C (x =0.00, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.10) compounds have been successfully prepared by using sol–gel method. ICP, XRD, and Rietveld refinement results analyses indicate that Mn ions were sufficiently doped in Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 without changing its trigonal structure, and the cell parameters (including a, c, and V) of Li9V3−x Mn x (P2O7)3(PO4)2/C (x =0.00, 0.05, and 0.10) increase with the increasing of x. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that the manganese oxidation state was +2 and both V4+ and V3+ ions were present in the Li9V2.9Mn0.1(P2O7)3(PO4)2 compound. The electronic conductivity increases monotonically with Mn-doped content x. The electrochemical insertion/extraction properties of Li9V3−x Mn x (P2O7)3(PO4)2/C (x =0.00, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.10) phases are also presented. The Mn-doped phases exhibit smaller redox voltage polarization, higher cycle performance and better rate capability than that of the pristine one. Particularly, Li9V2.9Mn0.1(P2O7)3(PO4)2/C shows both good rate capability and best capacity recovered ability among all the samples. The enhancement of rate performance and cyclic capability may be attributed to the optimizing particle size, enhancement of electronic conductivity, lithium ion mobility and structural stability owing to the proper amount of Mn-doping in V sites.
The quest to increase the energy density and improve the cycle life performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and beyond has led to the development of various suitable and alternative materials for energy storage and conversion. The morphology and electrode architecture in advanced battery materials have been re-designed into nanofibers and composite nanofibers. Nanofiber-based separators and electrodes have demonstrated to improve the energy density and cycling performance of LIBs. The improvement in the structure and morphology of nanofibers in LIBs such as LiSi and LiSn, have once again ignited the interest in these Li:M alloy anodes as alternative anode and cathode materials. The major challenges that confront this new frontier have the lack of scalable method among the various techniques and designing nanofibers with good structure and morphology that could prevent dendrite penetrations. However, there seems to be a solution in sight with the advent of mass production techniques such as electrospinning and Forcespinning® that have recently been developed. In this paper, the use of nanofibers and composite nanofibers as electrode and separator materials for lithium ion, Li-O2 and Li-S batteries is reviewed. The discussion focuses on the performance characteristics of these nanostructured electrode and separator materials and methods used to improve their performances.
The design and the optimization of new electrochemically stable and safer electrolytes for both Li-ion and Li–air/Li–O2 batteries is a key-target in the field of clean energy. Ionic liquids (ILs) were often indicated as components of the electrolytes of the future, because they could fulfil all the requirements for the use in electronic devices and they also address the safety issues for large-scale applications. In this work, two ether-functionalized ILs, namely 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium TFSI (IMI1,2O1TFSI) and 3-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)-1-methylimidazolium TFSI (IMI1,1O2O1TFSI) were synthesized and characterised from a physical and electrochemical point of view. The thermal features, viscosity, conductivity and electrochemical stability were compared with those of an alkyl-IMITFSI (BuMeIMITFSI) in order to evaluate the influence of the alkoxy-groups on the electrolyte performances. Preliminary battery tests in Li/LiFePO4 cells containing solutions of IL-LiTFSI mixed with EC/DEC as electrolytes were also performed to address the cycling behaviour and the delivered capacity.
As large-scale photovoltaic (PV) generation reaches higher penetration levels, there is a greater need to meet the certain grid code requirements for interconnection. Ultracapacitor, battery energy storage system (BESS) or shunt capacitor have recently been used as auxiliary devices for large-scale PV generator system to meet the grid code requirements for interconnection. Although the individual auxiliary devices are well documented, a comparative study of these devices impact on the damping of electromechanical (EM) modes and oscillatory instability problem has not been reported so far. This paper aims to fill in the gap, and provides a comparative analysis of these auxiliary devices performance along with PV plant on the damping of EM modes. The oscillation problem is analyzed by considering different types of synchronous generator (e.g. hydro, thermal) as the non-electrical components of hydro and thermal units have major influences on system dynamics. The comparisons are based on the results obtained from two-area test system and New England–New York test system (16 machine 68 bus system), which are the benchmark systems for angular stability analysis.
A one dimensional mathematical model is presented for a high temperature lithium–aluminum, iron disulfide molten salt battery system. Multi-physics transport phenomena in the electrolyte, charge balances in the solid phases and electrolyte, complex multi-step electrochemical and chemical reactions in the electrodes are described in this model. The model includes the effects of precipitation salt on active area in the electrode and the discharge capacity. In addition the model also takes the change in volume of the active material into account during the electrochemical reactions by incorporating the change in porosity of the electrode and the change in dimension of the electrode. The model results are compared to the existing model in literature and available experimental data.
The behavior of the sealed Ni–Cd and Ni–MH systems are compared experimentally with regard to their ability to consume gaseous products generated during the overcharge stage of these systems. It was found that the Ni–Cd system could only consume oxygen, while the Ni–MH system possesses the additional ability to adsorb hydrogen and to catalyze the recombination reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. The internal pressure within both sealed Ni–Cd cells and sealed Ni–MH cells can be kept well under control during the charge/overcharge processes if the rate of overcharge is not too high and if there is sufficient surplus of charging capacity at the negative electrodes. However, the internal pressure can rise to dangerously high levels if the rate of overcharge is too high or there is a deficiency of the charging capacity at the negative electrodes. The various factors that may affect the surplus of charging capacity of the negative electrodes are also discussed.
Na metal anode, benefiting from its high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential, is one of the most favorable candidates for future Na-based batteries with high energy density. Dendrite growth, volume change and high reactivity are the formidable challenges in terms of good cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency as well as an expected safety guarantee of Na metal anode for the practical application. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer as an indispensable component of a battery, its formation and stability play the critical role in the feasibility of Na metal anode. In this review, we first discuss the current consideration and challenges of Na metal anode, and then summarize several strategies to suppress dendrite growth and improve electrochemical performance, including interface engineering, electrolyte composition, electrode construction, and so on. Finally, the conclusion and future perspective of potential development on Na metal anode are proposed.
The physical frailty status affects the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective was to determine if the individual physical frailty characteristics have a differential impact on the CAT score.
A face-centered cubic Mo2N film is successfully prepared on Cu foil by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The thickness of Mo2N film is about 1.5 μm with porous and nano-column array. The Mo2N film can be directly used as anode electrode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) without additional conductive agent and binder. Electrochemical tests including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge circulation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the Mo2N film electrode exhibits high reversible capacity of 127 μAh/cm2 at a high current density of 1000 μA/cm2 and low charge transfer resistance due to the porous nano-column array.
Oxidative glutamate toxicity in the neuronal cell line HT22 is a model for neuronal cell death by oxidative stress. In this model, extracellular glutamate blocks cystine uptake via the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc ̄, eventually leading to depletion of the antioxidant glutathione and cell death. We used subtractive suppression hybridization and a screening procedure using various HT22 sublines to identify transcripts relevantly upregulated in resistance to oxidative glutamate toxicity. One of these coded for a novel protein of 3440 amino acids comprising a superoxide dismutase (SOD) motif, which we named TIGR for “transcript increased in glutamate resistance.” TIGR is mainly expressed in the nervous system in cortical pyramidal and hippocampal neurons. Intracellularly, TIGR colocalizes with catalase, strongly suggesting a peroxisomal localization. Overexpression of TIGR but not of a mutant lacking two conserved histidine residues in the SOD motif increased SOD activity and protected against oxidative stress in mammalian cells, but had no direct SOD activity in yeast. We conclude that this novel giant peroxisomal protein is implicated in resistance to oxidative stress. Despite the presence of a SOD motif, which is necessary for protection in mammalian cells, the protein is not a functional SOD, but might be involved in SOD activity.
The degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with altered transmission at striatal NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits. We investigated a potential novel therapeutic compound, 4-trifluoromethoxy-N-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-benzamidine (BZAD-01), a selective NMDA NR1A/2B receptor antagonist for PD and compared it with levodopa, the standard treatment for PD. This study also evaluated whether combining levodopa and BZAD-01 gave better improvements of parkinsonian symptoms. Parkinsonism was induced by microinjection of the toxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of 40 Sprague–Dawley rats. Parkinsonism and the efficacy of drugs were assessed using a battery of behavioural tests including balance beam, apomorphine-induced rotation, body axis bias or “curling”, head position bias and disengage sensorimotor latency test. Immunohistochemistry was performed on post-mortem tissue to estimate the loss of dopaminergic neurons. The main effects were that BZAD-01 co-administration prevented chronic levodopa-induced potentiation of apomorphine rotation. However levodopa-treated rats were slower than either controls or BZAD-01-treated rats in the locomotor test. The improvement in the apomorphine rotation test suggests that BZAD-01 may be a useful adjunct to levodopa monotherapy.
Abstract Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that nickel, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and beryllium compounds are human carcinogens. Most of these epidemiological studies were done retrospectively in humans occupationally exposed to compounds of these metals. There are only a few environmental studies in humans exposed to any of these metal compounds in which possible speciation of the metal compound is considered. Of the compounds of the five metals, those of nickel, chromium, cadmium, and beryllium have been confirmed as carcinogens in vivo, in experimental animals. The genotoxicity and mutagenic activity of metals is discussed briefly; however, the reader is referred to more detail in chapters on individual metals and to Chapter 9, “Selected Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity.” Cell transformation in tissue culture and other mechanistic information is summarized for each metal ion.
Chronic care models like the Integrated Chronic Disease Management (ICDM) model strive to improve the efficiency and quality of care for patients with chronic diseases. However, there is a dearth of studies assessing the moderating factors of fidelity during the implementation of the ICDM model. The aim of this study is to assess moderating factors of implementation fidelity of the ICDM model.
A method of multi-objective optimal energy management is proposed to match the APU fuel consumption and the battery state of health (SOH) in the power system of a range-extended electric bus (REEB). Models are established for the calculation of an auxiliary power unit (APU) system fuel consumption and battery SOH loss. The APU fuel consumption and battery SOH are selected as the optimization objectives, and a performance functional of the multi-objective optimization is provided. The dynamic program (DP) algorithm is applied in the control strategy design for solving the multi-objective problem. Under the conditions of the Modified New European Drive Cycle (MNEDC) and Chinese Typical Urban Drive Cycle (CTUDC), which have been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, the matching-relation between SOH penalty coefficients of battery pack and APU fuel consumption, the SOH of a battery pack can be analysed. Taking the costs of a battery pack and fuel consumption in the whole life cycle as the comprehensive evaluation index, an optimization design method is proposed to match the capacity and the SOH of the battery pack. The simulation results show that when batteries do not need to be replaced, the best economical results will be achieved if the parameters of battery pack and the control strategy parameters are both taken the minimum.
Hierarchical Co3O4@multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocable films are deposited on copper foils via a facile one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) from MWCNT suspension containing Co(NO3)2·6H2O and the subsequent heat treatment. The obtained films show network morphologies, with micro-/mesoporous Co3O4 sheath uniformly coated on the interconnected MWCNT core. By varying the mass ratios of Co(NO3)2·6H2O to MWCNTs in the suspension, a series of nanocable films are obtained with different Co3O4 sheath thickness, morphology, and mass content. Among them, the Co3O4@MWCNT-4 nanocable film, with a high surface area of 156m2 g−1 and optimally hierarchical pore size distribution, proves to be a qualified candidate anode for lithium-ion batteries. The reversible capacity can reach as high as 1109mAhg−1 at a relatively high current of 0.2C (1C=890mAg−1). At a higher current of 1C, the reversible capacity can retain as high as 860mAhg−1 and shows no obvious decay after 250 cycles.
The electrochemical performance of sodium ion battery was improved by using peanut skin derived hierarchical porous carbon as an anode. By the utilization of the structure/composition of the peanut skin, hierarchical porous carbons with high surface area and sheet-like structure are successfully achieved through combined carbonization and activation with or without hydrothermal pretreatment. Tested against sodium, peanut skin derived carbon exhibits good rate capability and cycling stability, delivering a high initial charge capacity of 431mAhg⿿1 at 0.1Ag⿿1, retaining a reversible capacity of 47mAhg⿿1 at 10Ag⿿1, and showing a capacity retention of 83⿿86% after 200 cycles. The reason that peanut skin derived carbon works so well is that it uniquely combines highly accessible surface area and nanopores, dilated intergraphene spacing, and intrinsically open sheet-like structure, which are capable of reversibly accumulating sodium ions through surface adsorption and sodium intercalation.
Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have been suggested as one of the most promising technologies for low-cost rechargeable batteries due to the earth-abundance resource of sodium. However, the delivery of high-performance cathode is still facing a great challenge especially for the development of Na-ion full batteries towards practical application. Herein, we present a layered biphasic cathode with P2 and P3 integrated structures, which is clearly elucidated by X-ray diffraction refinement, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. Combining the respective characteristics of P2 and P3 phases and highly reversible P2/P3–P2/OP4 structural evolution, the layered composite delivers a high reversible capacity of 119 mA h g−1 with a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 94.8%, a high operating voltage of 3.53 V vs Na+/Na based on Ni2+/Ni4+ redox couple, and an outstanding rate performance (capacity retention of 85.5% at 5C compared with 0.2C). Furthermore, the assembled Na-ion full battery of P2/P3-Na0.7Li0.06Mg0.06Ni0.22Mn0.67O2//hard carbon exhibits a high average voltage of 3.36 V with a calculated energy density up to 218 W h kg−1. Our contribution paves a smart way for designing sodium-ion full batteries with both high energy density and good cycling stability toward practical application.
A uniformly dispersed bi-component nanocompotise of transition metal oxide (Mn2O3)/mixed transition metal oxide (NiMn2O4) with a porous and hollow microspheric sructure has been successfully prepared with a facile method based on the complexation between Ni2+ and NH3. The obtained nanocomposite of 0.29 Mn2O3/0.14 NiMn2O4, expressed as Ni0.14Mn0.86O1.43, with nanometer-sized building blocks exhibits a high reversible capacity of 615 mA h g−1, which is about 90% of theoretical value at the current density of 800 mA h g−1, and long lifespan with retained capacities of 553 and 408 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at 200 and 800 mA g−1, respectively, as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.