batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Background The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among nursing staff has been high due to patient handling and movement. Internationally, healthcare organizations are integrating technological equipment into patient handling and movement to improve safety. Although evidence shows that safe patient handling programs reduce work-related musculoskeletal injuries in nursing staff, it is not clear how safe these new programs are for patients. Objectives The objective of this study was to explore adverse patient events associated with safe patient handling programs and preventive approaches in US Veterans Affairs medical centers. Methods The study surveyed a convenience sample of safe patient handling program managers from 51 US Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers to collect data on skin-related and fall-related adverse patient events. Results Both skin- and fall-related adverse patient events associated with safe patient handling occurred at VA Medical centers. Skin-related events included abrasions, contusions, pressure ulcers and lacerations. Fall-related events included sprains and strains, fractures, concussions and bleeding. Program managers described contextual factors in these adverse events and ways of preventing the events. Conclusions The use of safe patient handling equipment can pose risks for patients. This study found that organizational factors, human factors and technology factors were associated with patient adverse events. The findings have implications for how nursing professionals can implement safe patient handling programs in ways that are safe for both staff and patients.
Although airborne pollutants in urban buses have been studied in many cities globally, long-distance buses running mainly on highways have not been addressed in this regard. This study investigates the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM) in the long-distance buses in Taiwan. Analytical results indicate that pollutants levels in long-distance buses are generally lower than those in urban buses. This finding is attributable to the driving speed and patterns of long-distance buses, as well as the meteorological and geographical features of the highway surroundings. The levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) found in bus cabins exceed the proposed indoor VOC guidelines for aromatic compounds, and are likely attributable to the interior trim in the cabins. The overall average CO level is 2.3 ppm, with higher average level on local streets (2.9 ppm) than on highways (2.2 ppm). The average CO2 level is 1493 ppm, which is higher than the guideline for non-industrial occupied settings. The average PM level in this study is lower than those in urban buses and IAQ guidelines set by Taiwan EPA. However, the average PM10 and PM2.5 is higher than the level set by WHO. Besides the probable causes mentioned above, fewer passenger movements and less particle re-suspension from bus floor might also cause the lower PM levels. Measurements of particle size distribution reveal that more than 75% of particles are in submicron and smaller sizes. These particles may come from the infiltration from the outdoor air. This study concludes that air exchange rates in long-distance buses should be increased in order to reduce CO2 levels. Future research on long-distance buses should focus on the emission of VOCs from brand new buses, and the sources of submicron particles in bus cabins.
Five years after its implementation, the environmental impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is still being debated. Many people feared that NAFTA would allow Mexico to become a pollution haven, causing U.S. firms to relocate. There are mechanisms built within the NAFTA framework to ensure that this doesn't happen. One of the most obvious mechanisms is the legislative language. policies and organizations that are incorporated within the NAFTA agreement. In addition, the increasing income levels of the Mexican people as a result NAFTA will lead to demands for better living conditions. Furthermore the country has an interest in adhering to NAFTA in order to retain favorable trading partner status. The bottom line is that NAFTA will take time to sort out problems. It is not to say that the deteriorating border problem should be ignored, but rather, that we must recognize NAFTA for what it is, and let it work its magic over time. For NAFTA to improve the border conditions sooner rather than later, however, a system of market-based solutions is needed. A tradable rights scheme for water, air, and other pollutants can be implemented to induce U.S. companies to replace older plants with newer, more efficient plants in Mexico.
The electrochemistry of Sn(II) was studied in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMI-DCA) on a glassy carbon (GC) and a polycrystalline Pt electrode at 40°C. The Sn(II) species was introduced into the ionic liquid by either dissolution of SnCl2 or anodizing a Sn wire. The reduction potential of the Sn(II)/Sn couple produced in these two solutions was found to be different, indicating that different Sn(II) species may be present. The order of the reduction potential of the two Sn(II) species indicates that the Gutmann donor ability of the anions is likely to be DCA− >Cl−. Cyclic voltammetry indicates the stripping efficiency is >90% on the Pt but only 40% on the GC electrode. Analysis of the chronoamperometric transient behavior during electrodeposition suggests that the deposition of Sn on the GC electrode involves a three dimensional progressive nucleation on a finite number of active sites. The diffusion coefficient of SnCl2 dissolved in the EMI-DCA was found to be 9.8×10−7 cm2 s−1 which is in the same order of magnitude as those reported for SnCl2 in several other ionic liquids. Depending on the deposition potentials, potentiostatic electrolysis produced Sn deposits with various unusual morphologies such as hexagonal tubes, spiral nanowires, and dendrite.
Objectives The aims of our study were to evaluate cognitive decline in people with temporal lobe epilepsy over a period of 13years and to determine what clinical and treatment characteristics may have been associated with these. Materials and methods Thirty-three individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy underwent the same neuropsychological assessment of verbal and nonverbal memory, attention, and executive functions using the same cognitive test battery as one used 13years ago. Long-term verbal and nonverbal memory was tested four weeks later. Results were compared with those carried out 13years earlier. Results There was no significant change in verbal and verbal–logical memory tests; however, nonverbal memory worsened significantly. Long-term verbal memory declined for 21.9% of participants, long-term verbal–logical memory for 34.4%, and long-term nonverbal memory for 56.3%. Worsening of working verbal and verbal–logical memory was associated with longer epilepsy duration and lower levels of patients' education; worsening of verbal delayed recall and long-term verbal–logical memory was associated with higher seizure frequency. Decline in long-term nonverbal memory had significant association with a longer duration of epilepsy. The worsening of reaction and attention inversely correlated with the symptoms of depression. Conclusion Over a 13-year period, cognitive functions did not change significantly. Good seizure control and reduced symptoms of depression in this sample of people with temporal lobe epilepsy were associated with better cognitive functioning. The predictors of change of cognitive functions could be complex and require further study.
This paper describes a project aimed at improving the performance and life of lead-acid batteries for electric vehicle applications and carried out by the European members of the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium. The project was divided into three principle tasks. The first concentrated on separator design and compression in order to improve cycle life. The second task sought to improve the specific energy of tubular plate designs, which traditionally have good life in traction applications. Additionally work was carried out to see the effects of rapid charging techniques on these improved designs. The third task sought to improve negative-plate performance by the characterization and evaluation of improved expanders.
LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films are epitaxially grown on (100), (110) and (111) 0.5 wt% Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition and their crystalline orientation relationship investigated via X-ray pole figure measurement. This investigation reveals that the LCO films grown on Nb:STO (100) and (110) have a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with the substrates to be (104)- and (018)-oriented, respectively, while the relationship is accompanied with 60° in-plane rotation on (111) Nb:STO to yield a predominantly (001)-oriented LCO film. The (104)-oriented LCO film on (100) Nb:STO substrate exhibits high rate capability up to 100 C.
The development of electrode materials with high capacity and good cycling stability is a challenging prerequisite for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we synthesize silicon nanoparticles embedded in the inactive Al4Cu9, AlFe and TiFeSi2 matrix phases, as an anode material. The silicon alloy material exhibits good high rate performance and delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1459.3 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 85.7% after 200 cycles at a current density of 300 mA g−1. The superior cycling performance of the silicon alloy compared to that of micro-sized pure silicon can be attributed to the unique structure of the alloy material. Here, the nano-sized silicon particles reduce the ionic diffusion path length and minimize volume expansion during lithiation, while the inactive matrix phases accommodate volume changes during repeated cycling and provide a continuous electronic conduction pathway to the silicon nanoparticles.
The syntheses and capacitance performances of ultralight and flexible MnO2/carbon foam (MnO2/CF) hybrids are systematically studied. Flexible carbon foam with a low mass density of 6.2 mg cm−3 and high porosity of 99.66% is simply obtained by carbonization of commercially available and low-cost melamine resin foam. With the high porous carbon foam as framework, ultrathin MnO2 nanosheets are grown through in situ redox reaction between KMnO4 and carbon foam. The three-dimensional (3D) MnO2/CF networks exhibit highly ordered hierarchical pore structure. Attributed to the good flexibility and ultralight weight, the MnO2/CF nanomaterials can be directly fabricated into supercapacitor electrodes without any binder and conductive agents. Moreover, the pseudocapacitance of the MnO2 nanosheets is enhanced by the fast ion diffusion in the three-dimensional porous architecture and by the conductive carbon foam skeleton as well as good contact of carbon/oxide interfaces. Supercapacitor based on the MnO2/CF composite with 3.4% weight percent of MnO2 shows a high specific capacitance of 1270.5 F g−1 (92.7% of the theoretical specific capacitance of MnO2) and high energy density of 86.2 Wh kg−1. The excellent capacitance performance of the present 3D ultralight and flexible nanomaterials make them promising candidates as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Spontaneous reactions occurring at the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 and LiMn2O4-based electrodes during the storage in organic non-aqueous electrolytes have been investigated by diffuse reflectance FTIR technique. It is found that both materials spontaneously form different inorganic and organic compounds on their surface when in contact with electrolyte solutions. The nature of these self-acting reactions is moreover found to be similar to that of the processes occurring during electrochemical cycling of the electrodes. Reaction mechanisms and the final products depend on both electrode surface chemistry and the nature of electrolyte used. It appears that the spontaneous reactions are initiated by lithium deintercalation from the electrode active material. The influence of different factors, e.g. degree of lithiation of the active material, roughness of the electrode surface and temperature on the reaction rate is discussed.
Li[Ni0.45Co0.1Mn0.45−x Zr x ]O2 (x =0, 0.02) was synthesized via co-precipitation method. Partial Zr doping on the host structure of Li[Ni0.45Co0.1Mn0.45]O2 was carried out to improve the electrochemical properties. The Zr-doped Li[Ni0.45Co0.1Mn0.43Zr0.02]O2 was evaluated in terms of specific discharge capacity, cycling performance and thermal stability. The Zr-doped Li[Ni0.45Co0.1Mn0.45−x Zr0.02]O2 shows the improved cycling performance and stable thermal stability. The major exothermic reaction was delayed from 252.1°C to 289.4°C.
Objective The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study and its ancillary Memory Study (WHIMS) revealed increased rates of cardiovascular risk, cognitive decline and dementia with opposed conjugated equine estrogens (CEE). As a result, previously accepted observational data suggesting cardiovascular and cognitive benefits and reduced risk for dementia with hormone therapy (HT) were largely attributed to ‘healthy-user’ bias. The present observational, community-based, case-controlled study examined the ‘healthy-user’ bias theory by comparing cognitive task performance in two groups of postmenopausal women, who were either HT users or non-users. Design Participants were 213 non-demented, postmenopausal women residing in the community and in assisted-living facilities who completed a self-report health questionnaire and underwent a 1-h cognitive test battery. To study the independent contribution of variables in the prediction of cognitive performance, we employed a series of hierarchical regression models adding terms in three stages. The first stage included only HT, the second stage added demographics, and the last stage added alcohol, depression and a cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) composite derived from a confirmatory factor analysis. The CVRF composite consisted of: stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Results Although independent samples t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences in the CVRF composite and its individual components between the two groups, HT users tended to possess fewer CVRF than non-users. Conversely, HT users were younger and more educated than non-users. HT users outperformed non-users on 7/9 cognitive variables. The full regression model controlling for CVRF, demographic variables, and mood showed HT users outperformed non-users on measures of verbal memory and abstract reasoning. Conclusions While there is some evidence HT users possess fewer preexisting CVRF than non-users, the observed positive association between HT and cognition is not completely explained by this trend.
The essential oils obtained from various plant species (genera: Origanum, Satureja, Salvia, Sideritis, Thymus, Calamintha, Lavandula, Ziziphora and Thymbra) collected in Turkey were studied by two complementary methods, ATR/FT-IR and NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational spectra of both techniques obtained from the hydro-distilled essential oils of the air-dried plant material present characteristic key bands of the individual main volatile components (e.g. carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, α- and β-pinene). Applying principal component analysis (PCA) to these spectral data, a clear discrimination of the different species can be frequently achieved. Hierarchical cluster analysis provides a fast, easy and reliable approach for chemotaxonomy characterisation. Both vibrational techniques described in this study have the potential to replace existing standard methods used for quality control purposes and continuous evaluation of distillation processes.
Formal testing of 3 year old children is a new feature in the revised version of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC-2). Our study evaluated the reliability and explored the clinical applicability of the Movement ABC-2 Test in this young age group. A total of 50 typically children were given two trials of the test within a one to two week interval by two physical therapists: same assessor (n =28 children) and different assessors (n =22 children). Psychometric properties were evaluated by calculating internal consistency (Cronbach α), intra-class correlation (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM), the smallest detectable difference (SDD) and Kappa values for classification agreement. The results are promising for future implementation of the Movement ABC-2 in clinical practice. The children's performance was highly reproducible when tested by the same assessor (ICC .94) The SEM was 1.7 or 2.1 standard scores for 90% or 95% confidence intervals respectively, making the test sensitive enough to detect individual changes. If two different assessors tested the children the ICC was .76. In conclusion, the revised test can be applied to assess motor performance in typically developing 3-year old children. Future studies are needed to confirm if the same can be said for children with motor delays.
Objective This study presents a case series of 157 children with developmental delay syndromes, including the conditions such as dyspraxia, dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities who received chiropractic care. Clinical Features A consecutive sample of 157 children aged 6 to 13 years (86 boys and 71 girls) with difficulties in reading, learning, social interaction, and school performance who met these inclusion criteria were included. Intervention and Outcomes Each patient received a multimodal chiropractic treatment protocol, applied kinesiology chiropractic technique. The outcome measures were a series of 8 standardized psychometric tests given to the children by a certified speech therapist pre- and posttreatment, which evaluate 20 separate areas of cognitive function, including patient- or parent-reported improvements in school performance, social interaction, and sporting activities. Individual and group data showed that at the end of treatment, the 157 children showed improvements in the 8 psychometric tests and 20 areas of cognitive function compared with their values before treatment. Their ability to concentrate, maintain focus and attention, and control impulsivity and their performance at home and school improved. Conclusions This report suggests that a multimodal chiropractic method that assesses and treats motor dysfunction reduced symptoms and enhanced the cognitive performance in this group of children.
Water splitting, as an advanced energy conversion technology, consists of two half reactions, including oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the ideal electrocatalysts are noble metal based catalysts. Their high cost and scarcity in earth seriously restrict the large deployments. NiFe-based materials have attracted great attention in recent years due to their excellent catalytic properties for OER and HER. Nevertheless, their conductivity and electrochemical stability at high current density are unsatisfactory, resulting in ineffective water splitting due to high impedance and low stability. Recently, a series of catalysts coating NiFe-based materials on 3D nickel foam were found to be extremely stable under the circumstance of high current density. In this review, we summarized the recent advances of NiFe-based materials on nickel foam for OER and HER, respectively, and further provided the perspectives for their future development.
Energy storages introduce many advantages such as balancing generation and demand, power quality improvement, smoothing the renewable resource’s intermittency, and enabling ancillary services like frequency and voltage regulation in microgrid (MG) operation. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) characterized by coupling of two or more energy storage technologies are emerged as a solution to achieve the desired performance by combining the appropriate features of different technologies. A single ESS technology cannot fulfill the desired operation due to its limited capability and potency in terms of lifespan, cost, energy and power density, and dynamic response. Hence, different configurations of HESSs considering storage type, interface, control method, and the provided service have been proposed in the literature. This paper comprehensively reviews the state of the art of HESSs system for MG applications and presents a general outlook of developing HESS industry. Important aspects of HESS utilization in MGs including capacity sizing methods, power converter topologies for HESS interface, architecture, controlling, and energy management of HESS in MGs are reviewed and classified. An economic analysis along with design methodology is also included to point out the HESS from investor and distribution systems engineers view. Regarding literature review and available shortcomings, future trends of HESS in MGs are proposed.
Modelling of lithium-ion batteries calendar ageing is often based on a semi-empirical approach by using, for example the Arrhenius acceleration model. Our approach is based on Eyring acceleration model, which is not widely used for electrochemical energy storage components. Parameter identification is typically performed without taking into account the state-of-charge (SoC) drifting. However, even in rest condition, battery cells’ SoC drifts because of capacity losses (self-discharge and capacity fade). In this work we have taken into account the SoC drift during calendar ageing tests. For this, we considered available capacity (Ah) instead of SoC (%) as ageing factor. Then, the analytical solution of the problem leads to the use of the Lambert W function in the model formulation. Simulation results show that Lambert-Eyring model is more accurate and allows a reduction in the number of parameters to be identified.
Designing solid electrolytes for all-solid-state-batteries that can withstand the extreme electrochemical conditions in contact with an alkali metal anode and a high-voltage cathode is challenging, especially when the battery is cycled beyond 4 V. Here we demonstrate that a hydroborate solid electrolyte Na4(CB11H12)2(B12H12), built from two types of cage-like anions with different oxidative stability, can effectively passivate the interface to a 4 V-class cathode and prevent impedance growth during cycling. We show that [B12H12]2− anions decompose below 4.2 V vs. Na+/Na to form a passivating interphase layer, while [CB11H12]− anions remain intact, providing sufficient ionic conductivity across the layer. Our interface engineering strategy enables the first demonstration of a 4 V-class hydroborate-based all-solid-state battery combining a sodium metal anode and a cobalt-free Na3(VOPO4)2F cathode without any artificial protective coating. When cycled to 4.15 V vs. Na+/Na, the cells feature a discharge capacity of 104 mA h g−1 at C/10 and 99 mA h g−1 at C/5, and an excellent capacity and energy retention of 78% and 76%, respectively, after 800 cycles at C/5 at <0.2 MPa at room temperature. Increasing the pressure to 3.2 MPa enables a discharge capacity of 117 mA h g−1 at C/10 with a mass loading of 8.0 mg cm−2, corresponding to an areal capacity close to 1.0 mA h cm−2. The cell holds the highest average discharge cell voltage of 3.8 V and specific energy per cathode active material among all-solid-state sodium batteries reported so far, emphasizing the potential of hydroborates as electrolytes for a competitive all-solid-state battery technology.
Unknown Note: Page numbers followed by the letter f refer to figures; those followed by t refer to tables.