batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposites can be fabricated in such a way that they retain the advantages but overcome the limitations of each single-material component. Here, we report a convenient route to fabricate MoS2–Co3O4 composites via laser ablation in liquids (LAL) and aging-induced phase transformation. The reactive Co colloids obtained through LAL are used as a non-ion precursor to anchor Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) onto the surfaces of MoS2 nanosheets without using any stabilizers. In the fabricated composites, the MoS2 nanosheets serve as a flexible conducting substrate for the in situ phase transformation and crystalline growth of Co3O4 NPs and the network structure of the sheets prevents NPs from further aggregation. Co3O4 NPs not only function as a high-rate capability electrode material but also stabilize the composite structure, thereby generating accessible active surfaces on the MoS2 nanosheets for electrolyte penetration during charging/discharging. The structure and morphology of the as-constructed composites are investigated through scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. As an active hybrid supercapacitor electrode material, the active composite materials exhibit higher electrochemical performance than either pure MoS2 or pure Co3O4. The superior performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the pseudocapacitive reactions from the MoS2 nanosheets and the Faradaic battery reactions of the anchored ultrafine Co3O4 NPs.
We developed a method to make CNTs fully coated by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which acts as an agent to effectively combine CNTs and LiFePO4 to form a nanocomposite. In this nanocomposite, unbreaking and non-entangling CNTs forms a highly conductive 3D CNTs network that can significantly improve both the electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 and the diffusion coefficient of Li ions and electrons. As a result, our CNTs/LiFePO4 nanocomposite exhibited an excellent high-rate capacity and an ultralong cycling stability, i.e., a high discharge capacity of 123mAhg−1 and an extremely low loss in capacity of 1.6% could be achieved after 1000 cycles at 10C. A capacity of ∼100mAhg−1 (corresponding to a capacity retention of 80%) could still be achieved after 3400 cycles at 10C. The loss in capacity of our LiFePO4/CNTs is ∼four to eight times smaller than that of previously studied LiFePO4/CNTs and LiFePO4/graphene nanocomposites. Our simple but powerful synthetic techniques should be beneficial to the application of lithium-ion batteries based on LiFePO4 electrode materials in such electric vehicles as PHEVs, AEVs, and HEVs.
Background Previous studies propose the efficacy of individualised care for hospital patients. Individualised care and proposed correlates have not been tested by means of a single multivariate analyses simultaneously. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine predicted relationships between individualised care and patient satisfaction, patient autonomy and health-related quality of life. Design A cross-sectional correlational survey. Settings This study was carried out in six acute hospitals in Southern Finland. Participants A sample of 861 (response rate 84%) pre-discharged hospitalised adult patients were recruited from surgical, gynaecological and internal medicine units. Methods A correlational survey design was used to investigate to complete a battery of instruments measuring individualised care (the ICS), patient satisfaction with nursing care (the PSS), patient autonomy and perceived health-related quality of life (the 15D). The data from these instruments were used to test the proposed model using LISREL implementing the Maximum Likelihood estimation procedure. Results The findings support the proposed model linking individualised nursing care directly to the positive patient outcomes defined. The initial model, permitting all possible covariances, showed a good fit between the variables. Independent variables, supported individuality through nursing interventions (ICS-A) and perception of individuality in their own care (ICS-B) accounted for 58% of the variance in the frequency of individualised care. Individualised care explained the variance on the dependent variables patient satisfaction and patient autonomy. A low but significant association was also found between individualised care and perceived health-related quality of life. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the contribution of individualised nursing care to positive patient outcomes, such as patient satisfaction, patient autonomy and perceived health-related quality of life. Not only clinically important, this model also has implications for further research into individualised care and its relationship with positive patient outcomes.
One ether-functionalized guanidinium ionic liquid is used as new electrolytes for lithium battery. Viscosity, conductivity, behavior of lithium redox, chemical stability against lithium metal, and charge–discharge characteristics of lithium batteries, are investigated for the IL electrolytes with different concentrations of lithium salt. Though the cathodic limiting potential of the IL are 0.7V vs. Li/Li+, the lithium plating and striping on Ni electrode can be observed in the IL electrolytes, and the IL electrolytes show good chemical stability against lithium metal. Li/LiCoO2 cells using the IL electrolytes without additives have good capacity and cycle property at the current rate of 0.2C when the LiTFSI concentration is higher than 0.3molkg−1, and the cell using the IL electrolyte with 0.75molkg−1 LiTFSI owns good rate property. The activation energies of the LiCoO2 electrode for lithium intercalation are estimated, and help to analyze the factors determining the rate property.
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) project of collection, compilation, and critical evaluation of solubility data of bromides and iodides of the scandium group and all lanthanides in water and aqueous systems containing either halide acids, halide salts, or organic compounds is under preparation. As a result of their similarity to the chlorides, which were recently evaluated, the bromides and iodides in the lanthanide series should show some regularities in their solubility data. Unfortunately, the corresponding results show a large scatter when ordered according to the atomic number. Thus, it is complicated to select the best data for recommendation. Reasons for the inaccuracy of solubility measurements are outlined. In fact some solubility values of bromides predicted by correlation with chlorides seem to be more reliable than the experimental ones. As sufficient experimental data at various temperatures were available, the water-rich fragment of the LaBr3–H2O equilibrium phase diagram has been formed and depicted. It seems to be similar to the well-known LaCl3–H2O diagram. Several regularities, with respect to stoichiometry and solubility of compounds formed, were observed during investigations of the aqueous ternary systems. The complex iodides of various lanthanides display more regularities in their properties than the bromides do.
Spinels of composition LiM Y Mn2−Y O4, M=Cr3+, Co3+, or Ni2+, Y =0.1 and 1 for the Cr and Co dopants, Y =0.05 and 0.5 for the Ni sample, have been synthesized by a sucrose-aided combustion method. The samples as prepared require of an additional thermal treatment at 700°C, 1h to get stoichiometric single-phase spinels. The samples consist of aggregated particles of small size (45–50nm) as deduced from transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The electrochemical behaviour of the six spinels as cathodes in lithium cells has been analysed at 5 and 4V under high current, 1C rate. At 5V the discharge capacity of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is higher than the one shown by LiCrMnO4 and LiCoMnO4, and it shows an elevated cyclability, i.e. capacity retention of 85.3% after 100 cycles. At 4V the discharge capacity is similar for LiNi0.05Mn1.95O4, LiCr0.1Mn1.9O4 and LiCo0.1Mn1.9O4, and all the three spinels show similar and very high cyclability, i.e. capacity retention >90% after 100 cycles. The spinels preserve their starting capacity up to currents as high as 2C rate. The nanometric size of the samples explains the high rate capability of the synthesized spinels.
Shear velocity was estimated from current measurements near the bottom off Grays Harbor, Washington between May 4 and June 6, 2001 under mostly wave-dominated conditions. A downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) and two acoustic-Doppler velocimeters (field version; ADVFs) were deployed on a tripod at 9-m water depth. Measurements from these instruments were used to estimate shear velocity with (1) a modified eddy-correlation (EC) technique, (2) the log-profile (LP) method, and (3) a dissipation-rate method. Although values produced by the three methods agreed reasonably well (within their broad ranges of uncertainty), there were important systematic differences. Estimates from the EC method were generally lowest, followed by those from the inertial-dissipation method. The LP method produced the highest values and the greatest scatter. We show that these results are consistent with boundary-layer theory when sediment-induced stratification is present. The EC method provides the most fundamental estimate of kinematic stress near the bottom, and stratification causes the LP method to overestimate bottom stress. These results remind us that the methods are not equivalent and that comparison among sites and with models should be made carefully.
Tin-based metal oxides usually suffer from severe capacity fading resulting from aggregation and considerable volume variation during the charge/discharge process in lithium ion batteries. In this work, a novel nanocomposite (MTO/N-RGO) of hollow amorphous MnSnO3 (MTO) nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO) has been designed and synthesized by a two-step method. Firstly, the nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite (MTO/N-RGO-P) with MnSn(OH)6 crystal nanoparticles was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. Subsequently, the MTO/N-RGO nanocomposite was obtained through the post heat treatment of MTO/N-RGO-P. The designed heterostructure and well-combination of the hollow amorphous MTO and N-RGO matrix can accelerate the ionic and electronic transport, and simultaneously accommodate the aggregation and volume variation of MTO nanoparticles during the lithiation–delithiation cycles. The as-prepared hybrid of MTO and N-RGO (MTO/N-RGO) exhibits a high reversible capacity of 707mAhg−1 after 110 cycles at 200mAg−1, superior rate capability, and long-term cyclic life with high capacity of 610mAhg−1 over 1000 cycles at 400mAg−1. Superior capacity retention of 97.3% over 1000 cycles was obtained. This work opens new opportunities to fabricate the high-performance electrode materials with heterostructure for lithium storage systems, especially for novel multi-metal oxide based nanocomposites with high cycling stability.
Background The vestibular evoked myogenic potential recorded from cervical muscles (cVEMP), proved to be a useful tool in assessment of the availability of the saccular function. Recently, the emergence of VEMP recording from the extra-ocular muscles (oVEMP) promises to test both saccular and utricular function when they are evoked by air conduction and bone conduction stimuli, respectively. Objectives The current work was designed to assess the feasibility of recording oVEMP versus cVEMP in Meniere’s patients; moreover, to relate such recordings to the stage of the disease. Methods Twenty-eight middle-aged subjects of both genders with unilateral definite Meniere’s disease were involved as a study group. A control group of 20 normal middle-aged subjects was examined too. The oVEMP via air conduction and bone conduction stimulation and cVEMP via air conduction were recorded for both groups. Results All types of VEMP recording were highly reproducible among control subjects. However, they were mostly impaired or even absent in subjects with Meniere’s disease. The latency difference whether between control group and the whole study group ears or between control group ears and affected ears in each stage separately, revealed statistically significant difference of little clinical importance. The picture was different in amplitude measurement, which revealed significant difference between control and study group of both statistical and clinical values. Both of cVEMP and oVEMP recorded via air conduction stimulation has paralleled each other during the course of the pathology while affection of oVEMP recorded via bone conduction stimulation showed in the second stage of the disease. Conclusion oVEMP via air conduction and bone conduction stimulation was highly reproducible among normal population. oVEMP and cVEMP were affected in patients of Meniere’s disease and revealed more impairment when progressing into advancing stages.
We investigated the effect of inserting lithium into Ag2V4O11 (ɛ-SVO) on the structure, electronic properties and redox committed by combining in situ XRD measurements, ESR spectroscopy and 4 probes DC conductivity coupled with thermopower measurements. The electrochemical discharge occurs in three consecutive steps above 2V (vs. Li+/Li). The first one, between 0< x <∼0.7 in Li x -SVO, has been ascribed to the V5+ reduction through a solid solution mechanism. This reduction competes with a Li+/Ag+ displacement reaction which leads to a structural collapse owing to the ionic radii mismatch between the withdrawn Ag+ and the inserted Li+. The silver reduction progresses continuously with two different slopes along two composition–potential plateaus at 2.81V and 2.55V. Finally, the reduction continues until we obtain an amorphous structure with V4+ and a ɛ of V3+. Although, the silver re-enters the structure during the subsequent recharge, the original structure is not recovered. The reduction of silver forming silver metal nano-clusters acts to increase the electronic conductivity from 3.8×10−5 Scm−1 to 1.4×10−3 Scm−1. In complement to this study, we also report on a low temperature hydro-(solvo)-thermal approach using HF(aq) as a mineralizer, which enables the synthesis of nano-sized ɛ-SVO particles that exhibit superior electrochemical performances compared to conventional particles synthesized by solid-state reaction.
Rapid developments in revolutionary electric vehicles have led to an increase in the energy-density and cycling-life requirements for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The binary transition metal oxide NiCo2O4 is attracting considerable attention due to its much larger specific capacity than graphite. However, NiCo2O4 suffers from poor cycling performance owing to a large volume change during cycling. To address this problem, we proposed an easy strategy to fabricate in situ carbon-coated NiCo2O4 bilayered hybrid nanostructural arrays supported on Ni foam (denoted as NiCo2O4@C BHNAs–NF) as free-standing anodes for LIBs through a sucrose-assisted hydrothermal method. The in situ-synthesized uniform carbon shell can simultaneously buffer the volume change during cycling and increase the conductivity. The micro/nano-structure also possessed outstanding structural advantages, such as large surface area and hierarchical porous characters, enabling NiCo2O4@C BHNAs–NF to have excellent electrochemical performance. Its capacity can reach 1298 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, and 86% of the initial capacity can be retained after 100 cycles. All these results revealed that NiCo2O4@C BHNAs–NF was a promising candidate anode for next-generation LIBs.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is today’s surgical gold standard for ACL rupture. Although it provides satisfactory results, not all patients return to their previous activity level and moreover, early posttraumatic osteoarthritis is not prevented. As such, a renewed interest has emerged in ACL suture repair combined with dynamic augmentation. Compared to ACL reconstruction, the hypothesized advantages of ACL suture repair are earlier return to sports, reduction of early posttraumatic osteoarthritis and preservation of the patient’s native ACL tissue and proprioceptive envelope of the knee. In recent literature, ACL suture repair combined with dynamic augmentation tends to be at least equally effective compared to ACL reconstruction, but no randomized comparative study has yet been conducted.
Portsmouth was crucial to the defence of Tudor England and consequently it was mapped for military planning purposes throughout the Tudor period from 1545. The resulting sequence of maps records much of the town and harbour. The maps offer opportunities for furthering our understanding of Tudor Portsmouth and its population Additionally, images of the urban landscape provided by the “Cowdray Engraving”, which depicts the loss of Henry VIII’s warship Mary Rose on the 19th July 1545, may also be considered and compared with those presented in the early maps of the town. This paper considers the Portsmouth maps of 1545, 1552, 1584 and the chart of Portsmouth Harbour dating from between 1586 and 1620. These are examined in relation to one another and compared with evidence from the Cowdray Engraving.
Thin film Si/Ag and (Si–Zr)/Ag multilayer electrodes are fabricated on a Cu substrate by alternate sputtering from Si (–Zr) and Ag at room temperature, and their electrochemical properties are investigated. The insertion of the Ag layer into the Si layer improves the cycling performance. The cyclability can be further improved by doping Zr into the Si layer of the Si/Ag multilayer thin films. The effects of the electrode configuration and the contact stability between the current-collecting layer and the electrode on the cycling performance are discussed.
To evaluate the possibility of using nanosized TiO2 to replace the carbonaceous materials usually employed as the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries, we studied and compared the electrochemical performance of TiO2 nanotubes with a commercial material (P25 Degussa). TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium sheets. The nanotubes were characterized by using SEM and XRD. Composite electrode tapes were made by roll milling the TiO2 nanotubes and the TiO2 P25 Degussa with carbon and Teflon. The electrodes were electrochemical characterized in lithium cell by charge/discharge cycles. The electrochemical tests comprised low rate cycling, cycling at C/rate and cycling at different rates.
Day/night variations in the size distribution of the particulate matter >0.15mm (PM) were studied in May 1995 during the DYNAPROC time-series cruise in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Data on vertical distributions of PM (>0.15mm) and zooplankton were collected with the Underwater Video Profiler (UVP). The comparisons of the UVP data with plankton net data and POC data from water bottles indicated that more than 97% of the particles detected by the UVP were non-living particles (0.15mm) and that the PM contributed 4–34% of the total dry weight measured on GF/F filters. Comparison of seven pairs of day and night vertical profiles performed during the cruise showed that in the upper 800m, the mean size and the volume of particles was higher at night than during the day. During the night, the integrated volume of the PM increased on average by 32±20%. This increase corresponded to a shift of smaller size classes (<0.5mm) towards the larger ones (>0.5mm). During the day, the pattern was reversed, and the quantity of PM >0.5mm decreased. During the study period, the standing stock of PM (60–800m) decreased from 7.5 to less than 2gm−2 but the diel variations persisted, except for two short periods in the superficial layer following a wind event. The cyclic feeding activity induced by the diel vertical migration of zooplankton could be the best candidate to explain the observed diel fluctuations in the size classes of PM in the water column. However, our results also suggest that in the upper layer additional driving forces such as the increase of the level of turbulence after a wind event or the modification of the zoo- and phytoplankton community can influence the PM temporal evolution.
The electrochemical behavior of LaNi3.55Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.75 material was investigated with the help of a cavity microelectrode. The cyclic voltammetry study versus the scan rate evidenced the formation of a passivation layer, which is characterized by a positive current during the cathodic sweep. The performances of the LaNi3.55Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.75 compound as a negative electrode for nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) battery can also be determined with the cavity microelectrode. It was shown that even in drastic potential sweep conditions, the material exhibits a very good reversibility during several thousands of cycles.
In this article we outline Burden of Treatment Theory, a new model of the relationship between sick people, their social networks, and healthcare services. Health services face the challenge of growing populations with long-term and life-limiting conditions, they have responded to this by delegating to sick people and their networks routine work aimed at managing symptoms, and at retarding – and sometimes preventing – disease progression. This is the new proactive work of patient-hood for which patients are increasingly accountable: founded on ideas about self-care, self-empowerment, and self-actualization, and on new technologies and treatment modalities which can be shifted from the clinic into the community. These place new demands on sick people, which they may experience as burdens of treatment.
In this paper, we propose the design of a novel optimal strategy for charging the lithium-ion battery based on electrochemical battery model that is aimed at improved performance. A performance index that aims at minimizing the charging effort along with a minimum deviation from the rated maximum thresholds for cell temperature and charging current has been defined. The method proposed in this paper aims at achieving a faster charging rate while maintaining safe limits for various battery parameters. Safe operation of the battery is achieved by including the battery bulk temperature as a control component in the performance index which is of critical importance for electric vehicles. Another important aspect of the performance objective proposed here is the efficiency of the algorithm that would allow higher charging rates without compromising the internal electrochemical kinetics of the battery which would prevent abusive conditions, thereby improving the long term durability. A more realistic model, based on battery electro-chemistry has been used for the design of the optimal algorithm as opposed to the conventional equivalent circuit models. To solve the optimization problem, Pontryagins principle has been used which is very effective for constrained optimization problems with both state and input constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed optimal charging algorithm is capable of shortening the charging time of a lithium ion cell while maintaining the temperature constraint when compared with the standard constant current charging. The designed method also maintains the internal states within limits that can avoid abusive operating conditions.