batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Abstract Microfluidics has attracted considerable attention in various research areas of science and engineering. The precise manipulation of small amounts of liquid samples in microscale make it a valuable platform for the development of drug delivery systems. The microfluidic platforms have been used not only for the synthesis or assembly of nano- or microsized drug carriers, but also for controlled delivery of drug molecules into target tissues. This chapter presents the latest advances in microfluidics platforms for the fabrication of drug carriers and development of direct drug delivery devices. We discuss challenges and opportunities of advanced drug delivery systems as well as the potential roles of nano-/microfluidic technologies toward developing smart drug delivery systems.
Spillage and improper disposal of saline produced water from oil wells has caused environmental damage at thousands of sites in the United States. In order to improve understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants at these sites, the U.S. Geological Survey carried out multidisciplinary investigations at two oil production sites near Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma. As a part of this effort, the hydrology and subsurface transport of brine at OSPER site “A”, a tank battery and pit complex that was abandoned in 1973, was investigated. Based on data from 41 new boreholes that were cored and completed with monitoring wells, a large (∼200m×200m×20m) plume of saline ground water was mapped. The main dissolved species are Na and Cl, with TDS in the plume ranging as high as 30,000mg/L. Analysis of the high barometric efficiency of the wells indicated a confined aquifer response. Well-slug tests indicated the hydraulic conductivity is low (0.3–7.0cm/day). Simplified flow and transport modeling supports the following conceptual model: (1) prior to the produced water releases, recharge was generally low (∼1cm/a); (2) in ∼60 a of oil production enough saline produced water in pits leaked into the subsurface to create the plume; (3) following abandonment of the site in 1973 and filling of Skiatook Reservoir in the mid-1980s, recharge and lateral flow of water through the plume returned to low values; (4) as a result, spreading of the brine plume caused by mixing with fresh ground water recharge, as well as natural attenuation, are very slow.
The combination of nanomaterials with complementary properties in a well-designed architecture is an attractive strategy to develop multi-functional, high-performance materials for applications in energy conversion and storage, catalysis, electronic devices, and more. Herein, we propose three different methods: alternating filtration, spray coating, and in-situ wet chemistry synthesis, to achieve the hybridization of two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene and transition metal oxides (TMOs), such as Co3O4 and NiCo2O4. The resulting flexible free-standing hybrid films were free of binders, conductive additives, or current collectors. When used directly as anodes for Li-ion batteries, these hybrid films successfully combined the metallic conductivity of Ti3C2Tx and high capacity of TMOs, showing excellent electrochemical performance for Li-ion storage. High reversible capacities over 1200mAhg−1 were achieved by the MXene/TMO hybrid film electrodes fabricated by all three methods. All films also exhibited impressive long cycling stabilities and excellent rate performances. In particular, the spray-coated Ti3C2Tx/NiCo2O4 hybrid film electrode achieved high reversible capacities of 1330, and 650 and 350mAhg−1 at 0.1, 5 and 10C, respectively, along with no capacity decay over hundreds of cycles. This work demonstrates that the hybridization of MXenes, a large family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, and TMOs has a significant potential for energy storage, and is promising for expansion into other applications.
This paper examines a buffer scheme to mitigate the negative impacts of power-conditioned loads on network voltage and transient stabilities. The scheme is based on the use of battery energy-storage systems in the buffers. The storage systems ensure that protected loads downstream of the buffers can ride through upstream voltage sags and swells. Also, by controlling the buffers to operate in either constant impedance or constant power modes, power is absorbed or injected by the storage systems. The scheme thereby regulates the rotor-angle deviations of generators and enhances network transient stability. A computational method is described in which the capacity of the storage systems is determined to achieve simultaneously the above dual objectives of load ride-through and stability enhancement. The efficacy of the resulting scheme is demonstrated through numerical examples.
The effect of the addition of single and binary additives to a mixed solvent, ethylene carbonate+γ-butyrolactone, on the performance of dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells (DSSCs) has been investigated. The addition of a single additive, 2-(dimethylamino)-pyridine, to the electrolyte containing an ionic salt, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, in the mixed solvent results in an enhancement of the cell performance. The performance of the cell has been further enhanced by the addition of the second additive, 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole. The resulting DSSC has performed better than the one based on the conventional electrolyte in acetonitrile. The dependence of the stability of the cells on the temperature has been evaluated over the range of 30–120°C for outdoor applications.
Potou is an isolated site, located in the northern coast of Senegal. The populations living in this area have no easy access to electricity supply. The use of renewable energies can contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of these populations. The methodology used in this paper consists in Sizing a hybrid solar–wind-battery system optimized through multi-objective genetic algorithm for this site and the influence of the load profiles on the optimal configuration. The two principal aims are: the minimization of the annualized cost system and the minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP). To study the load profile influence, three load profiles with the same energy (94 kW h/day) have been used. The achieved results show that the cost of the optimal configuration strongly depends on the load profile. For example, the cost of the optimal configuration decreases by 7% and 5% going from profile 1 to 2 and for those ones going from 1 to 3.
Adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) tend to be very sedentary and avoid participation in physical activity. A prior study suggested that JFM patients show altered biomechanics compared to healthy adolescents which may make them more prone to pain/injury during exercise. A new intervention combining well established cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques with specialized neuromuscular exercise —Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens (FIT Teens) was developed and shown to be promising in improving functioning in adolescents with JFM. In contrast to traditional exercise programs such as aerobic or resistance training, neuromuscular training is a tailored approach which targets gait, posture, balance and movement mechanics which form the foundation for safe exercise participation with reduced risk for injury or pain (and hence more tolerable by JFM patients). The aim of this pilot feasibility study was to establish whether objective biomechanical assessment including sophisticated 3-D motion analysis would be useful in measuring improvements in strength, balance, gait, and functional performance after participation in the 8-week FIT Teens program.
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 compound was successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The effect of H2O on LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 in humid atmosphere was investigated by structural, magnetic and electrochemical analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The consequence is that immersion of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 to H2O and exposure of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 to humid atmosphere (ambient atmosphere, 20°C, 50% relative humidity) led to a rapid attack that manifests itself by the delithiation of the surface layer of the particles and the concomitant formation of LiOH and Li2 CO3 at the surface. This aging process occurred during the first few minutes, then it is saturated, and the thickness of the surface layer at saturation is 10nm. After aging, an initial discharge capacity of 139mAh/g was delivered at 1C-rate in the cut-off voltage of 3.0–4.3V. About 95% of its initial capacity was retained after 30 cycles.
Objective Altered brain functional connectivity has been shown in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, relatively little is known about functional connectivity in adult ADHD, and how it is linked with the heritability of ADHD. Methods We measured eyes-open and eyes-closed resting electroencephalography (EEG) from 38 adults with ADHD, 45 1st degree relatives of people with ADHD and 51 healthy controls. Functional connectivity among all scalp channels was calculated using a weighted phase lag index for delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands. A machine learning analysis using penalized linear regression was used to identify if connectivity features (10,080 connectivity pairs) could predict ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, we examined if EEG connectivity could accurately classify participants into ADHD, 1st degree relatives and/or control groups. Results Hyperactive symptoms were best predicted by eyes-open EEG connectivity in delta, beta and gamma bands. Inattentive symptoms were predicted by eyes-open EEG connectivity in delta, alpha and gamma bands, and eyes-closed EEG connectivity in delta and gamma bands. EEG connectivity features did not reliably classify participants into groups. Conclusions EEG connectivity may represent a neuromarker for ADHD symptoms. Significance EEG connectivity may help elucidate the neural basis of adult ADHD symptoms.
A novel electrolyte additive, 1,1′-sulfonyldiimidazole (SDM), is firstly reported to improve the cycling performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at high voltage and elevated temperature (55 °C). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), initial differential capacity vs. voltage, and computation results indicate that SDM is oxidized at a lower potential than the solvents of the electrolyte. Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of a Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cell can be significantly enhanced in the presence of SDM, and moreover cells with SDM deliver lower impedance after 100 cycles at elevated temperature. To better understand the functional mechanism of the enhanced performance with incorporation of SDM in the electrolyte, ex-situ analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are employed to gain insight into the reaction mechanism of SDM on the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode at high voltage and elevated temperature (55 °C). Surface analysis reveals that the improved electrochemical performance of the cells can be ascribed to the highly stable surface layer generated by SDM, which thus mitigates the detrimental decomposition of the electrolyte occurring and stabilizes the interphase of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode while cycling at high voltage and elevated temperature.
A new Mn(II) complex with the formula [Mn2(H2O)(phen)4(seb)2]·4.5H2O (phen: 1,10-phenanthroline; H2seb: sebacic acid), (complex 1), was synthesized using a mild hydrothermal method. The structure of complex 1 was studied using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mn2O3 was obtained by calcination of complex 1 at 850 °C in air and its pure phase was confirmed by PXRD analysis. The electrochemical performance of Mn2O3 as a material for the negative electrode used in lithium ion batteries (Lib) shows a specific charge and discharge capacity of 377.7 and 798.6 mAh/g, as was observed at the first cycle. The charge and discharge capacity were approximately 168.1 and 168.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles. The above capacities are repeatable and demonstrate the good structural stability of Mn2O3 under applied electric power.
We present a model developed to study the increase of self-consumption of photovoltaic (PV) power by smart charging of electric vehicles (EVs) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Whereas previous studies mostly use large EV fleets in their models, our focus is on a smaller scale. We apply the model to a microgrid in Lombok, a residential neighbourhood in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands. The microgrid consists of a 31kWp PV installation, an office, internet servers, three households, and two EVs. Three control algorithms are presented which manage the charging profile of multiple EVs either in real-time or using linear optimisation with predictions for PV power and electricity demand. We perform one-year simulations using data for PV power, EV use, and electricity demand. Simulations results are evaluated on PV self-consumption and peak demand reduction. In addition, we make qualitative statements on battery degradation resulting from the charging strategies based on several indicators. We also simulate changes in microgrid composition, for example by including more EVs. In the simulations, self-consumption increases from 49% to 62–87% and demand peaks decrease by 27–67%. These results clearly demonstrate the benefits of smart charging EVs with PV power. Furthermore, our results give insight into the effect of different charging strategies and microgrid compositions.
This work provides a first-time-study of Azepanium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolyte components for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). Herein, two Azepanium-based ILs, namely N-methyl, N-butyl-azepanium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Azp14TFSI) and N-methyl, N-hexyl-azepanium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Azp16TFSI) were compared with the established IL N-butyl, N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr14TFSI) in terms of viscosity, conductivity, thermal stability and electrochemical behavior in EDLC systems. The ILs' operative potentials were found to be comparable, leading to operative voltages up to 3.5 V without significant electrolyte degradation.
The objective of this research is to analyse the relationship between the musical aptitudes of primary-school children of the Region de Murcia and their intelligence quotient. The participants are 85 students, 37 girls and 48 boys between the ages of 9 and 13. The instruments used to collect information, have been: the battery of differentials and generals aptitudes (BADYG-E3), which gives information about the intelligence quotient and, the tests of musical aptitudes of Seashore. The results show high and significant correlations between some of the analysed variables.
Eastern Applied Research, Buffalo, New York, recently named an Authorized Distributor of Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation, now offers an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer developed for ultrathin film measurements and microspot analysis needs: the Hitachi FT-150 series. Among other applications, this analyzer is relied upon in printed circuit board quality control and process control in semiconductor wafer fabrication.
Hsueh I-P, Jeng J-S, Lee Y, Sheu C-F, Hsieh C-L. Construct validity of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire in ischemic stroke patients. Objectives To investigate the construct validity of the commonly used 8- and 12-domain versions of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) with a first-order factor model. The better-fitted version was further evaluated by a second-order factor structure model in order to determine whether a summary score is justified. Design Cohort study. Setting Outpatient stroke clinic. Participants Patients (N=388) with ischemic stroke. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The SS-QOL. We first conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the construct validity of the first-order 8- or 12-domain versions of the SS-QOL. The better-fitted version was then validated by investigating the second-order health-related quality of life (HRQOL) factor. Results The 12-domain version, but not the 8-domain version, had sufficient goodness of fit (χ2=2041.7, df=1061, χ2/df=1.9, comparative fit index [CFI]=0.98, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI]=0.98, and root mean square error of approximation=0.05). All items of the 12-domain version showed acceptable factor loadings (>0.40) and were retained. Furthermore, the second-order CFA fit indices of the 12 domains were acceptable (χ2=2630.3, df=1115, χ2/df=2.4, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.97, root mean square error of approximation=0.06), indicating that a summary score was justified for representing the overall status of HRQOL. Conclusions Our results show that the construct validity of the 12-domain SS-QOL is well supported for measuring HRQOL in ischemic stroke patients. Thus, we recommend the 12-domain version of the SS-QOL for use in capturing the multiple impacts of stroke as well as overall HRQOL status on the basis of patients' perspectives.
This paper studies how strategies of legitimation are employed by ruling elites in authoritarian regimes and received by different addressees during a crisis of legitimacy. The Algerian case of authoritarian persistence in the Arab uprisings illustrates a conceptual framework that differentiates between addressees, types and modes of legitimation. The focus on societal target groups and their response is crucial for assessing the success or failure of regime strategies and reveals a dark side of legitimation in Algeria. The empirical study builds on qualitative fieldwork conducted in 2013. As many of the legitimation strategies failed, the legitimacy crisis in this case could not be solved. Few successful strategies contributed to the persistence of authoritarian rule.
A structure optimized Prussian blue analogue Na1.76Ni0.12Mn0.88[Fe(CN)6]0.98 (PBMN) is synthesized and investigated. Coexistence of inactive Ni2+ (Fe–CN–Ni group) with active Mn2+/3+ (Fe–CN–Mn group) balances the structural disturbances caused by the redox reactions. This cathode material exhibits particularly excellent cycle life with high capacity (118.2 mA h g−1).
In the last ten years, the research of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) or ceramic fuel cells (CFC) had focused on reducing the working temperature through the development of novel materials, especially the high ionic conductive electrolyte materials. Many progresses on single-phase electrolyte materials with the enhanced ionic conductivity have been made, but they are still far from the criteria of commercialization. The studies of ceria oxide based composite electrolytes give an alternative solution to these problems because of their impressive ionic conductivities and tunable ionic conduction behaviors. Significant advances in the understanding the ceria based composite material and construction of efficient fuel cell systems have been achieved within a short period. This report reviews recent developments of ceria-based composite from different aspects: materials, fundamentals, technologies, fabrication/construction parameters, electrochemistry and theoretical studies. Particular attention is given to ceria-carbonate (nano)composite, including its fuel cell performance, multi-ionic transport properties, advanced applications, corresponding electrode material and stability concerning. Besides, several novel fuel cell (FC) concepts like nanowire FC, all-nanocomposite FC and single-component/electrolyte-free fuel cell (SC-EFFC) are presented. This mini-review emphasizes the promise of ceria-based composites for advanced FC application and highlights the breakthrough of SC-EFFC research for high efficient energy conversion.
Inorganic compounds on the surfaces of the cathode materials LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 and LiCoO2 were studied using Li and O K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements. Rietveld analysis revealed that the LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 sample contained 2% Li2CO3, while the LiCoO2 sample was single-phase. The Li and O K-edge XANES spectra indicated that the surface of LiCoO2 was almost free of residual Li2CO3. In contrast, the presence of both residual Li2CO3 and an additional cubic phase were observed, respectively, on and near the surface of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2. These results demonstrate that the XANES technique, using a combination of the total electron yield and fluorescence methods, is an effective tool for probing the surfaces of cathode materials.
Few studies have examined acute cognitive effects of dairy products. Prior work suggests baseline glucoregulatory function may moderate the relationship between macronutrient profile and postprandial cognition. This study examined the role of glucoregulatory function in postprandial cognition after milk, fruit juice, and a water control. We hypothesized juice would improve cognition in those with lower fasting glucose, while milk would improve cognition in those with higher fasting glucose.
The incompetency of conventional single-phase electrode materials remains a stumbling block for making further breakthroughs in high-performance supercapacitors. In this work, α-Fe2O3 nanotube@MnO2 nanosheet hierarchical networks with tunable mass ratio of MnO2 to α-Fe2O3 are prepared via a simple two-step method for supercapacitor electrodes. The α-Fe2O3@MnO2 core-shell heterostructures, especially the FM10020 containing 60.1wt% of MnO2, exhibit a larger specific capacitance of 289.9Fg−1 at 1.0Ag−1, a better rate capability of 40.8% at 5.0Ag−1 and a higher cycling stability of 85.3% after 1200 cycles than the pure MnO2, highlighting the advantages of such unique configuration accompanied by the synergistic effect. It is believed that these intriguing results will provide an alternative way for the construction of metal oxide-based composite nanostructures with improved electrochemical performance.
The mechanisms for lithium diffusion in Li x Co0.5Ni0.5O2 were investigated using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). Membrane electrodes prepared with poly(vinylidene fluoride) and carbon black were employed in this study. The measured Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) area of the Li x Co0.5Ni0.5O2 powder was combined with the GITT data to obtain the lithium chemical diffusion coefficient ( D ̌ Li + ), the lithium self-diffusion coefficient (D Li+ ) and the thermodynamic factor (Φ) as a function of Li concentration (x). All three parameters vary non-monotonically with x. A minimum in D ̌ Li + and D Li+ at x=0.5, along with structural changes, suggests the formation of a lithium superlattice at that concentration. The behavior of D ̌ Li + is complex but for x<0.34 it eventually undergoes a continuous decrease due to the metallic character of Li x Co0.5Ni0.5O2. We attribute the limitation of the specific reversible capacity of Li x Co0.5Ni0.5O2 to this decrease in D ̌ Li + and to elevated electrode voltages. Li transport in Li x Co0.5Ni0.5O2 is analyzed taking the variations in the cell parameters and the oxidation states of the Ni, Co and O ions into account.