batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The electric vehicle (EV) can be utilized as a dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-building (V2B) operation mode to balance the energy demand between buildings and EVs. This paper proposes a mixed integer linear programming based collaborative decision model to study the energy sharing between a building and an EV charging station (CS). The building has its distributed generator, and electric and thermal energy storage, and the CS has its own renewable energy source. To model the V2G/V2B integration, we introduce three sets of decision variables to represent the energy exchange among building, CS and power grid. A set of parameters are introduced to model the driver behaviors, such as initial and desired state of charge level of EV battery, and available hours of EV, and sixteen different building categories (e.g., office, restaurant, hotel, warehouse, etc.) are studied. The impacts of driver behaviors and building categories on the economic performance of V2G/V2B integration are characterized and analyzed. The results from this research can recommend best V2G/V2B integration considering various driver behaviors and building categories which can provide valuable insight for smart community design.
Multiorgan failure is among the most frequent reasons of death in critically ill patients. Based on extensive and long-term use of renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal organ support became available for other organ failures. Initially, most of these techniques (e.g. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, extracorporeal CO2 removal [ECCO2R] and extracorporeal liver support) were used as stand-alone single organ support systems. Considering multiple interactions between native organs (“crosstalk”), combined or integrated extracorporeal organ support (ECOS) devices are intriguing. The concept of multiple organ support therapy (MOST) providing simultaneous and combined support for different failing organs was described more than 15 years ago by Ronco and Bellomo. This concept also implicates overcoming the “compartmentalized” approach provided by different single organ specialized professionals by a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional strategy. The idea of MOST is supported by the failure of several recent studies on single organ support including liver and lung support. Improvement of outcome by ECOS necessarily depends on optimized patient selection, integrated organ support and limitation of its side effects. This implicates challenges for engineers, industry and healthcare professionals. From a technical viewpoint, modular combination of pre-existing technologies such as renal replacement, albumin-dialysis, ECCO2R and potentially cytokine elimination can be considered as a first step. While this allows for stepwise and individual combination of standard organ support facilities, it carries the disadvantage of large extracorporeal blood volume and surfaces as well as additive costs. The more intriguing next step is an integrated platform providing the capacity of multiple organ support within one device. (This article is freely available.)
A method for the real-time monitoring of the state-of-charge of redox flow batteries is presented, which provides half-cell resolution. The well-known standard procedure for the state-of-charge monitoring, which utilizes the equilibrium potential of the monitored electrolyte versus a standard reference electrode in an open-circuit cell, is modified. It is demonstrated that the flow battery electrolyte itself provides a stable reference potential if used in the reference compartment of a symmetric open-circuit cell. This reference potential can be used to monitor the state-of-charge of a flow battery electrolyte during battery operation. The proposed method is validated with N,N,N-2,2,6,6-heptamethylpiperidinyloxy-4-ammonium chloride (TEMPTMA) catholytes and N,N′-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride (MV) anolytes in aqueous flow batteries using both a symmetric open-circuit cell and a standard open-circuit cell with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Reference potential drift rates are determined and drift mechanisms are investigated, demonstrating that the utilization of a symmetric open-circuit cell reduces the reference potential drift. It is validated that the exchange of the in-situ producible reference electrolyte can replace time-consuming re-calibration procedures.
This study adds to the growing research on school outcomes associated with individual differences in preschoolers’ theory of mind skills by considering whether “costs” of theory of mind (e.g., sensitivity to criticism) actually help to foster children’s academic achievement. A group of 60 Italian children was tested during the last year of preschool (Time 1, mean age=5years 6months) and in their first year (Time 2, mean age=6years 5months) and second year (Time 3, mean age=7years 5months) of primary school. Children’s theory of mind, verbal ability, and social skills were evaluated at each time point. In addition, children’s sensitivity to teacher criticism was assessed at Time 2 and teachers’ ratings of children’s academic achievement were gathered at Time 3. Mediation analyses showed that, independent of verbal ability and social skills, sensitivity to criticism at Time 2 mediated the association between theory of mind at Time 1 and academic achievement at Time 3. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the educational consequences of individual differences in preschoolers’ theory of mind.
Polyaniline (PANI) has been regarded as a promising electrode material for energy storage devices. However, unsatisfactory cycling stability seriously restricts its practical application. Herein, the nitrogen-doped porous graphene (NPG) film-supported vertically aligned polyaniline nanocones (NPG@PANI) flexible cathodes were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The as-prepared NPG@PANI displays unique porous morphology and strong π-π stacking interaction, which facilitates charge transportation and suppresses the dissolution as well as relieves volume changes of PANI during charging-discharging process. Moreover, a novel quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte (QPE) of porous acrylate rubber/tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate-acetonitrile (pACM/Et4NBF4-AN) with enhanced ionic conductivity was prepared to match with π-conjugated polymer electrodes, which helps to restrain the dissolution and the structure degradation of electrodes. To enhance the energy density, the organic asymmetric flexible supercapacitor (oAFSC) was assembled by NPG@PANI cathode, NPG supported-poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) (NPG@PDAA) anode and pACM/Et4NBF4-AN QPE. The as-assembled oAFSC shows high energy density (6.18 mWh cm−3), good rate capability and superior cycling stability (88.7% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles).
Brochet is a remote, off-grid community located in Northern Manitoba, Canada. The existing diesel generating system is characterized by high economic and environmental cost. As the existing diesel generators are nearing their operational lifespan, this study uses the HOMER model to determine an optimum electricity system design at Brochet that has high electrical reliability, least cost, and low emissions. Two potential power generation options based on reduced sized diesel generator, and a wind–diesel hybrid system were evaluated and compared against the existing diesel-based electricity system at Brochet. The wind–diesel hybrid system performed best in all three (i.e. electrical, economics, and environmental) evaluation criteria. While maintaining high reliability, this hybrid system design resulted in 30% reduction in cost of electricity produced, and 18% reduction of carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the existing electricity system at Brochet. Thus, this study concludes that the wind–diesel hybrid system is the optimum electricity system design for Brochet and proposes this system to replace the existing system.
ZnFe2O4 thin film has been synthesized by a simple and low cost successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method without the use of surfactant or template. The nanoplate composed of nanoparticles with porous surface morphology has been revealed which is beneficial towards supercapacitor application. Formed ZnFe2O4 thin film has been tested as an electrode material for supercapacitor through electrochemical analysis. First attempt for SILAR synthesized ZnFe2O4 thin film exhibited a specific capacitance of 471Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 in 1M NaOH aqueous solution. Further, ZnFe2O4 solid-state symmetric (SSS) supercapacitor device demonstrated voltage window of 1.0V with specific capacitance of 32Fg−1, energy density of 4.47Whkg−1 and power density of 277Wkg−1 at 1Ag−1 current density. Such high performance capacitive behavior indicates ZnFe2O4 thin film is promising and low cost electrode material towards energy storage devices for various portable electronic systems.
Background Although continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support has become standard therapy, the complexities of device and patient management remain a challenge. In particular, percutaneous site infections (PSI) are a serious complication during the post-implant course. We sought to study the incidence, risk factors, and clinical effect of PSI. Methods Data were obtained from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) Registry. All adult patients who received a primary intracorporeal continuous flow LVAD between June 2006 and September 2010 were included. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier depictions, and multivariable analysis in the parametric hazard domain were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 239 PSIs were documented in 197 of 2,006 recipients (9.8%) of a continuous-flow LVAD. Mean follow-up was 8.1 months. Mean time to development of a PSI was 6.6 months. At 1 year after implant, nearly 19% of continuous-flow LVAD recipients developed a PSI. Multivariate analysis showed younger age (hazard ratio, 1.20; p < 0.0001) was the only factor predicting a PSI. Continuous-flow LVAD recipients who did not develop a PSI had improved survival (p = 0.004). Twenty-three patients died after development of a PSI. Sepsis was the most common cause of death (26.1%). Conclusions PSIs occur in approximately 19% of continuous-flow LVAD recipients by 12 months after implant. Young age is the only predictor of PSI. Importantly, development of a PSI adversely affects survival. Efforts to enhance driveline integration and to develop future totally implantable systems are warranted.
In the present work, protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) against oxidative damages in cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in rats was evaluated. Cd is an important environmental and industrial toxicant that affects almost all the organs, especially liver. Liver is the major organ responsible for the metabolism and the primary target for many toxic chemicals and drugs. Effect of THC, the curcumin-derived polyphenolic compound on Cd-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage was evaluated using male albino Wistar rats. In Cd-administered rats (5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), orally for 4 weeks), activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly increased in serum with the elevated level of bilirubin. Red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin contents and haematocrit values were also significantly decreased in Cd-treated rats. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation markers like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LHP), protein carbonyl contents (PCC) and conjugated dienes (CD) were significantly increased followed by the significant decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulphydryl groups (TSH), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and vitamin E in liver of Cd-administered rats. Oral administration of THC (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w.) followed by Cd for 4 weeks showed a significant restoration of the above changes to near normal. Histopathological changes observed in Cd intoxicated hepatic tissues were minimized on treatment with THC. This study suggests that THC at the dose of 80 mg/kg b.w. effectively subdues the Cd-induced toxicity and controls the free radical-induced liver damage in rats.
The pseudocapacitive materials, like spinel NiCo2O4 (NCO), that use Faradaic reactions to store charge have been widespread paid attention for supercapacitors application. So, it is a basic fundamental guideline that the preparation of higher-performance pseudocapacitive materials depends on achieving and accelerating more Faradaic reactions in the aspect of electrodes. In this work, based on the mentioned principle, we report a facile method that could significantly promote the capacity of NiCo2O4 nanoelectrode through annealing precursor nanowires (NWs) in different volume ratios of N2 and O2 condition. The pristine NCO (VN2: VO2 = 0:1) only exhibited inferior performance with a specific capacitance of 0.88 F cm−2 (338.5 F g-1 at 2 mA cm−2) and capacitive retention of 54% from 2 to 30 mA cm−2. While, for a comparison, the highest comprehensive performance of NCO-9 (VN2:VO2 = 9:1) electrodes delivered superior specific capacitance of 3.8 F cm−2 (1461 F g-1 at 2 mA cm−2), excellent rate retention of 77% and good cycling stability. These boosted pseudocapacitive properties both in capacity and rate capability are attributed to the severe oxygen vacancy defects introduced in nitrided NCO NWs. The involving richness-enabled oxygen defects significantly enhance the electron/ions transportation, and then efficiently alter the well-known capacitive surfacial reaction into bulk pattern in the charge-discharge cycles. This dramatically increased electron/ions kinetics and electrochemical cites for Faradaic reactions. These results provide a deep insight into correlating oxygen vacancies induced structural and chemical evolution on enhanced capacitive performances of redox-active-NiCo2O4 materials.
Several olefinic compounds such as vinyl acetate, divinyl adipate and allyl methyl carbonate were studied as additives for propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes in lithium-ion battery, which kind of electrolytes always exfoliate graphitic carbon and decompose drastically to liberate organic gas. Three kinds of graphitic carbons commonly used in lithium-ion batteries, namely, natural graphite, MCMB 6-28 and MCF were chosen to test the decomposition-suppressing ability of additives. The effects of the type of graphitic anodes and the structure of additives on the electrolyte decomposition have been investigated in the terms solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, which was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), ac impedance, SEM, XPS analyses, and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The electrochemical performance of the additives-containing electrolytes in combination with LiCoO2 cathode and graphitic carbon anode was also tested in coin cells.
The authors regret that the annotations within Fig. 4(c) are incorrect. ‘Anodic peak current’ should read ‘Cathodic peak current’ and ‘Cathodic peak current’ should read ‘Anodic peak current’. The description about calculated DNa in the sentence running across pp. 329–330 should be exchanged as the same. The full sentence should read: ‘The calculated values of DNa were 3.57 × 10−13 and 5.81 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 according to anodic and cathodic peak current, respectively.’ The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
A sodium metal chloride battery is one of the promising candidates in the battery energy storage system which has gained considerable attention due to the global interest about environment. An easy approach is shown, in this study, to obtain the low cost and high cell capacity in a Na-(Ni,Fe)Cl2 battery. It is the usage of Fe particles which are larger than Ni particles. Consequently, the Ni content is significantly decreased to be approximately 50 wt % in the Na-(Ni,Fe)Cl2 cell, and this cell shows an excellent cell capacity of 263 mAh g−1 (per the weight of Ni-Fe composites). In general, the Ni content is 86–100 wt % in a Na-(Ni,Fe)Cl2 [or Na-NiCl2] battery. Especially, in this manuscript, a simple test cell is also suggested for the study of active materials in a Na-MCl2 (M: metal) battery. Until now, it has been difficult to study a sodium metal chloride battery in a small-and-academic laboratory, since a lot of exclusive equipment is necessary to assemble the cell. It is expected that this simple test cell can assist the study of a sodium metal chloride battery in an academic laboratory.
Apart from PEO based solid polymer electrolytes, tailor-made gel polymer electrolytes based on blend/composite membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and polyacrylonitrile are prepared by electrospinning using 14wt% polymer solution in dimethylformamide. The membranes show uniform morphology with an average fiber diameter of 320–490nm, high porosity and electrolyte uptake. Polymer electrolytes are prepared by soaking the electrospun membranes in 1M lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate. Temperature dependent ionic conductivity and their electrochemical performance are studied. The blend/composite polymer electrolytes show good ionic conductivity in the range of 10−3 Scm−1 at ambient temperature and good electrochemical performance. All the Polymer electrolytes show an anodic stability >4.6V with stable interfacial resistance with storage time. The prototype cell shows good charge–discharge properties and stable cycle performance with comparable capacity fade compared to liquid electrolyte under the test conditions.
The electrical and electrochemical properties of the Li2S–P2S5–P2O5 glass–ceramic electrolytes were investigated. The 80Li2S·(20− x)P2S5·xP2O5 (mol%) glass–ceramics were prepared by a mechanical milling and a subsequent heat treatment. The 80Li2S·19P2S5·1P2O5 glass–ceramic showed the high lithium ion conductivity of 7.4×10−4 Scm−1 at room temperature and the low activation energy of 34kJmol−1 for conduction. The addition of a small amount of P2O5 to the Li2S–P2S5 sulfide system lowered the electronic conductivity and enhanced the electrochemical stability of the glass–ceramic electrolytes. All-solid-state In/LiCoO2 cells with the 80Li2S·19P2S5·1P2O5 glass–ceramic as a solid electrolyte worked as lithium secondary batteries at room temperature. The cells maintained high discharge capacity of about 100mAhg−1 for 10 cycles.
This paper develops a new prediction method for the aging trajectory of lithium-ion batteries with significantly reduced experimental tests. This method is driven by data collected from two types of battery operation modes. The first type is accelerated aging tests that are performed under stress factors, such as overcharging, over-discharging and large current rates, and cover most of the battery lifespan. In the second operation mode, the same kinds of cells are aged at normal speeds to generate a partial aging profile. An accelerated aging model is developed based on the first type of data and is then migrated as a new model to describe the normal-speed aging behavior. Under the framework of Bayesian Monte Carlo algorithms, the new model is parameterized based on the second type of data and is used for prediction of the remaining battery aging trajectory. The proposed prediction method is validated on three types of commercial batteries and also compared with two benchmark algorithms. The sensitivity of results to the number of cycles is investigated for both modes. Illustrative results demonstrate that based on the normal-speed aging data collected in the first 30 cycles, the proposed method can predict the entire aging trajectories (up to 500 cycles) at a root-mean-square error of less than 2.5% for all considered scenarios. When only using the first five-cycle data for model training, such a prediction error is bounded by 5% for aging trajectories of all the tested batteries.
California-based PolyFuel, a developer of engineered membranes for fuel cells, claims that it has made a major advance in technology that could ultimately make cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells a commercial reality.
Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developing in a rapid pace as a potential energy harvesting material. Within a short time span it has achieved the power conversion efficiency comparable to the similar mature technologies (crystalline Silicon, CIGS, CdTe etc.) available in the market. Unfortunately, PSCs have stability issues in real time operating conditions and posed a hurdle towards its commercialization. Various modifications and engineering aspects have been applied so far to cope up with this issue and among these players, ionic liquids (ILs) have certainly grabbed the attention of the researchers recently. ILs have unique and versatile properties like high ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability; which are suitable for application in PSCs. This review describes the fundamental, present status and future prospects of role of ILs in perovskite solar cells focussing on the stability and efficiency. Strategies regarding surface/interface modifications, engineering of interfaces and interaction of ions (cations/anions) from ILs with various perovskite precursors are discussed.
The polymer electrolytes composed of a blend of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) as a host polymer, mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) as a plasticizer, and LiClO4 as a salt were prepared by a solution casting technique. SEM micrographs show that P(VDF-HFP) is very compatible with PEO. The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes increases with increasing plasticizer content, while the mechanical properties become obviously worse. By addition of a certain content of PEO in P(VDF-HFP) matrix, a good compromise between high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability can be obtained.
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in various energy conversion devices such as water electrolyzers and metal–air batteries. Precious metal catalysts such as Ir, Ru and their oxides are usually used for enhancing reaction kinetics but are limited by their scarcity. The challenges associated with alternative non–precious metal catalysts such as transition metal oxides and (oxy)hydroxides are their low electronic conductivity and durability. The carbon encapsulating transition metal nanoparticles are expected to address these challenges. However, the relationship between precursor compositions and catalyst properties, and the intrinsic functions of each component has been rarely studied. Herein, we report a highly durable (no degradation after 20,000 cycles) and highly active (360mV overpotential at 10mAcm–2 GEO) OER catalyst derived from bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) precursors. This catalyst consists of NiFe nanoparticles encapsulated by nitrogen–doped graphitized carbon shells. The electron–donation/deviation from Fe and tuned lattice and electronic structures of metal cores by Ni are revealed to be primary contributors to the enhanced OER activity, whereas N concentration contributes negligibly. We further demonstrated that the structure and morphology of encapsulating carbon shells, which are the key factors influencing the durability, are facilely controlled by the chemical state of precursors.