batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Battery thermal management is necessary for electric vehicles (EVs), especially for Li-ion batteries, due to the heat dissipation effects on those batteries. Usually, air or coolant circuits are employed as thermal management systems in Li-ion batteries. However, those systems are expensive in terms of investment and operating costs. Phase change materials (PCMs) may represent an alternative which could be cheaper and easier to operate. In fact, PCMs can be used as passive or semi-passive systems, enabling the global system to sustain near-autonomous operations. This article presents the previous developments introducing PCMs for EVs battery cooling. Different systems are reviewed and solutions are proposed to enhance PCMs efficiency in those systems.
The carbon-coated monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) cathode materials were synthesized by a solid-state reaction process under the same conditions using citric acid, glucose, PVDF and starch, respectively, as both reduction agents and carbon coating sources. The carbon coating can enhance the conductivity of the composite materials and hinder the growth of Li3V2(PO4)3 particles. Their structures and physicochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. In the voltage region of 3.0–4.3V, the electrochemical cycling of these LVP/C electrodes all presents good rate capability and excellent cycle stability. It is found that the citric acid-derived LVP owns the largest reversible capacity of 118mAhg−1 with no capacity fading during 100 cycles at the rate of 0.2C, and the PVDF-derived LVP possesses a capacity of 95mAhg−1 even at the rate of 5C. While in the voltage region of 3.0–4.8V, all samples exhibit a slightly poorer cycle performance with the capacity retention of about 86% after 50 cycles at the rate of 0.2C. The reasons for electrochemical performance of the carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 composites are also discussed. The solid-state reaction is feasible for the preparation of the carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 composites which can offer favorable properties for commercial applications.
The miniaturization of redox flow cells (RFCs) paves the way to novel energy conversion concepts combining power delivery and heat regulation. Envisioning the integration of high-power-density RFCs into electronic devices such as microprocessors, lasers, or light-emitting diodes for the purpose of providing power and heat management simultaneously, we introduce and investigate interdigitated, tapered multiple-pass microfluidic networks in miniaturized flow cells. Employing 3D-printing for the facile and inexpensive fabrication of these networks, we demonstrate RFCs with maximum power densities of up to 1.4 W cm−2 at room temperature and net power densities of up to 0.99 W cm−2 after subtracting pumping power losses. The electrolytes employed modest concentrations of 0.4 M K4Fe(CN)6 and 0.2 M 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone in alkaline electrolyte. We thereby show that rational tailoring of fluidic networks in RFCs is key for the development of devices effectively combining power delivery and thermal management.
Lithium-Ion rechargeable batteries are widespread power sources with applications to consumer electronics, electrical vehicles, unmanned aerial and spatial vehicles, etc. The failure to supply the required power levels may lead to severe safety and economical consequences. Thus, in view of the implementation of adequate maintenance strategies, the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools for monitoring the state of health of the batteries and predicting their remaining useful life is becoming a crucial task. Here, we propose a method for predicting the end of discharge of Li-Ion batteries, which stems from the combination of particle filters with radial basis function neural networks. The major innovation lies in the fact that the radial basis function model is adaptively trained on-line, i.e., its parameters are identified in real time by the particle filter as new observations of the battery terminal voltage become available. By doing so, the prognostic algorithm achieves the flexibility needed to provide sound end-of-discharge time predictions as the charge-discharge cycles progress, even in presence of anomalous behaviors due to failures or unforeseen operating conditions. The method is demonstrated with reference to actual Li-Ion battery discharge data contained in the prognostics data repository of the NASA Ames Research Center database.
Five biomarkers, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, the neural transmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in specimens of Fulvia fragilis collected from Bizerta lagoon (Tunisia). Results demonstrated that F. fragilis showed differential biomarker response according to the importance of the anthropogenic pressure and the nature of pollutants that affect the lagoon. A clear organotropism was also observed with a higher biomarker response in digestive gland than in gills of this bivalve. These results indicate that F. fragilis constitutes a useful tool as sentinel organism for biomonitoring of aquatic pollution.
Polyaniline is deposited potentiodynamically on a nickel substrate in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid and the specific capacitance is estimated. The electrochemical characterisation of the electrode is carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments. The specific capacitance is ∼4.05×102 Fg−1. This indicates the feasibility of the polyaniline-coated nickel electrode for use in electrochemical supercapacitors.
Organic redox polymers have attracted extensive research interest due to tunable redox potential and high theoretical capacity. However, sluggish redox kinetics, poor electronic conductivity and low electrochemical stability derived from dissolution of polymers into the electrolyte and/or unexpected side reactions limit their use in batteries and electrochemical capacitors. To overcome these drawbacks, a conjugated redox polymer (Poly(N-anthraquinoyl pyrrole, PAQPy) with electronically conductive polypyrrole backbone and redox-active anthraquinone pendants was synthesized and then utilized as active anode materials for aqueous all-organic hybrid-flow batteries. The PAQPy shows highly reversible redox reaction at −0.2 V vs SHE with good stability in weakly acidic aqueous electrolytes. It is also found that when PAQPy is combined with graphene nanosheets through π-π stacking interactions, their redox capacity can be dramatically increased due to substantial weakening of hydrogen bonding interaction of anthraquinone groups. An aqueous all-organic hybrid-flow battery employing the PAQPy/Graphene composite (PAQPy/G) as the anode and 4-NH2-TEMPO as the flowing catholyte, respectively, displays a discharge capacity of ca. 62.2 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.2 A g−1, a peak power density of 1.41 W g−1 at 100% SOC and a round-trip energy efficiency of around 74.5% during 100 charge-discharge cycles.
Li[Li0.2Ni0.13−x+y/3Co0.13−x+y/3Mn0.54−x+y/3]AlxMoyO2 was synthesized via conventional solution combustion synthesis method. Microstructural characterizations were done by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, whereas electrochemical performance was evaluated by electrochemical tests. The electrochemical results indicated that Mo–Al doping has significant effect on capacity and cycling performance. The sample doped with Al (x = 0.015) and Mo (y = 0.015) exhibited higher cycling stability and higher capacity in comparison with those of non-substituted material. The initial discharge capacity for Mo–Al co-doped electrode was 265.5 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1, and capacity retention after 50 cycles was 98.2%, whilst the initial discharge capacity for bare electrode was 239.1 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1, and capacity retention after 50 cycles was 93%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry revealed that by the addition of Mo–Al, electrochemical performance of the Li[Li0.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2 is improved.
Lithium-ion batteries are required to have high-power density, that is to reduce impedance, for use in electric vehicles. This paper focuses on interfacial resistance between the cathode layer (CL) and the current collector (CC) observed at high frequencies, which is generally attributed to a resistance of surface film like SEI. To investigate the interfacial resistance systematically, different interfaces between the CL and the CC were prepared by controlling the press rate for the cathode preparation, or by introducing a carbon under-coating layer (CUL), followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The interfacial resistance between the CL and the CC prepared with an insufficient press rate or without a CUL was extremely high for the entire cathode. From the cathode cross-sectional observation, it was observed that this high interfacial resistance was caused by low contact rate at the interface. Using a pouch-type symmetric cell, EIS revealed that the interfacial resistance is attributed to electric resistance, that is, contact resistance at the interface. Also, the other resistances were attributed to be the ionic resistance of the electrolyte and pores in the cathode, and the charge transfer resistance of the cathode. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the CUL was shown to decrease the cathode impedance.
In an effort to improve thermal shrinkage and electrochemical performance of a separator for a lithium-ion battery, we develop a new composite separator by introducing ceramic coating layers onto both sides of a polyethylene (PE) separator. The ceramic coating layers are comprised of SiO2 nanoparticles and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) binders. In comparison to the dense structure of conventional nanocomposite coating layers, the ceramic coating layers are featured with close-packed SiO2 nanoparticles, which affords a well-developed porous structure, i.e. highly connected interstitial voids formed between the nanoparticles. On the basis of this structural understanding of the composite separators, the effects of ceramic coating layers on the separator properties are investigated as a function of SiO2 powder size. Owing to the existence of the heat-resistant SiO2 coating layers, the composite separators show significant reduction in thermal shrinkage than the pristine PE separator. More intriguingly, in comparison to the large-sized (=530nm) SiO2, the small-sized (=40nm) SiO2 offers a large number of SiO2 nanoparticles in the ceramic coating layers, high porosity contributing to facile ion transport, and small increase in the cell impedance, which consequently allows substantial improvements in cell performances as well as thermal shrinkage of the separator.
Zinc-air batteries offer large specific energy densities, while relying on abundant and non-toxic materials. In this paper, we present the first multi-dimensional simulations of zinc-air batteries. We refine our existing theory-based model of secondary zinc-air systems. The model comprises thermodynamically consistent multi-species transport in alkaline electrolytes, formation and dissolution of metallic zinc and passivating zinc oxide, as well as multi-phase coexistence in gas diffusion electrodes. For the first time, we simulate zinc shape-change during battery cycling by modeling convection of zinc solids. We validate our model with in-situ tomography of commercial button cells. Two-dimensional volume-averaged simulations of cell voltage and zinc electrode morphology during discharge agree with these measurements. Thus, we can study how electrolyte carbonation limits shelf-life and how zinc shape-change limits cycle-life. The charging current is found to be the major contributor to cycle-life limitations. Finally, we optimize initial anode structure and charge-discharge protocols for improved performance and cycle-ability. Furthermore, we extend our model to a flexible thin-film battery as example of alternative cell design.
The overall implementation rate for outpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment (OCGAU) recommendations ranges from 48.6 to 71%.
Implementation of cheap and efficient electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) falls in the central focus on fulfilling cost-affordable and high-performance fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In this study, N and S dual-doped porous carbon was prepared by a facile strategy for using tribute chrysanthemum as precursor and zinc chloride as activating agent. The catalyst prepared at 800°C (NSC800) depicts multiscale porous with large specific surface area (810m2 g−1) and abundant exposed intrinsic dopants. The electrochemical characterizations exhibit that its onset potential is 0.0966V versus Hg/HgO electrode, much higher than that of the other reported N, S co-doped carbons, and it also shows the better methanol tolerance, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and stability than commercial Pt/C. Consequently, NSC800 catalyst shows attractive properties when used as the air cathode of a home-made primary aluminum-air battery, e.g., an open-circuit potential of ca. 1.64V, a discharge specific capacity of 288mAhg−1, and a peak power density of 46mWcm−2. Such attractive performances could be mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of exposed intrinsic N and S active sites and increased specific surface area with multiscale porous. Our idea on developing such doped carbons by utilizing extensive intrinsic components of biomass would be a promising strategy to cathode electrocatalyst for fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Solvothermal approach is used to synthesize LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4 (LMFP) nanomaterial for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Experimental parameters such as feeding sequences, reaction time and reaction temperature are discussed and the obtained LMFP are characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. To understand the formation of LMFP, a reaction mechanism is proposed. The proposed mechanism indicates that the suitable concentration of MLi (M = Fe, Mn) antisite defect can improve the electrochemical performance of the material. The charge–discharge data of obtained LMFP shows that the LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4 material synthesized at 180 °C for 4 h and then sintering with sucrose at 650 °C for 5 h under argon protection has the highest discharge capacity, which is 149.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1C rate.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) among people over age 40 has been steadily increasing since the 1980s and is associated with worsened outcome than injuries in young people. Age-related increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) are suggested to lead to chronic inflammation. The NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) enzyme is expressed by microglia and is a primary source of ROS. This study aimed to determine the effect of age on inflammation, oxidative damage, NOX2 gene expression, and functional performance with and without SCI in young adult (3 months) and middle-aged (12 months) male rats.
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are counterpart of many porous entities and are pertinent materials for future needs in almost in every sphere of life. The augmentation in the study of MOFs elicits significant information related to many potential applications. There are many systematic and facile synthetic routes such as hydro/solvothermal technique, microwave, electrochemical and mechanochemical etc. The experimentation, approximation by trial-and-error approaches is still applicable for the preparation of metal organic framework materials. The strategies used in the design of MOFs play crucial role in point of view of the desired application. This review compiles and describes varied eccentric traits of MOFs, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms corresponding to applications in the comprehensible way. The remarkable achievements by researchers in the field of MOFs for targeted applications and the way forward to take up the measures to design and develop MOFs are also addressed.
Hydrated sodium manganese oxide (HSMO) was synthesized by reducing sodium permanganate with ethanol. The discharge and charge properties for mixtures of HSMO and acetylene black (AB) were investigated. AB was added twice, first while synthesizing HSMO and next while preparing the electrode. AB in synthesis resulted in the appearance of an additional redox reaction below 2V versus Li/Li+ and was effective in enlarging the discharge and charge capacity. On the other hand, AB added during electrode fabrication reduced resistance and improved cycle performance. In discharge–charge tests using 10Ag−1 HSMO, 45mAhg−1 composite of specific capacity could be maintained after 10 cycles, if AB was added at levels (in weight ratio to HSMO) of 0.25 during synthesis and 0.75 in electrode fabrication, or 0.5 and 0.5, respectively. This current and capacity corresponded to a power density of 10kWkg−1 and an energy density of 90Whkg−1, assuming an operating voltage of 2.0V.
In an attempt to find an adequate carbon material to achieve a successful reversible adsorption of Na+ ions, single layer graphene, is experimentally investigated in this work, for the first time, as anode for sodium-ion batteries. To this end, single layer graphene that was grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition was subjected to extended galvanostatic cycling and to cyclic voltammetry in the potential range of 0-2.8V versus Na/Na+. Regardless of the current density and electrolyte formulation used, the amount of Na+ ions adsorbed/desorbed reversibly per surface area (specific reversible cell capacity) was very modest and comparable to that obtained with bare copper electrodes of reference, thus suggesting that the reversible capacity of the single layer graphene electrode is mostly due to the electrochemical response of the copper substrate. These experimental results clearly agree with recent theoretical calculations showing that the adsorption of Na+ ions on the surface of single layer graphene is energetically unfavourable unless that surface includes significant defects density.
A series of 10%Co/ITQ-2 model catalysts have been prepared by combining a reverse micellar synthesis with a surface silylated ITQ-2 delaminated zeolite. The catalysts display rather uniform Co0 particle size distributions in the 5–11nm range as ascertained by XRD, H2-chemisorption and (HR)TEM. Additionally, a low dispersed 30%Co/SiO2 reference sample (d(Co0)=141nm) has been prepared by supporting a Co3O4 nanopowder on spherical SiO2. H2-TPR and DR UV–vis spectroscopy reveal that the preparative approach leads to highly reducible catalysts in the d(Co0) range of 5.6–141nm, while the activation energies for the stepwise Co3O4 →CoO→Co0 reduction are found to be particle size dependent. Formation of barely reducible surface and bulk Co silicate species is observed for samples with d(Co3O4)⩽5.9nm. Under realistic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis conditions (493K, 2.0MPa) the TOF increases from 1.2×10−3 to 8.6×10−3 s−1 when d(Co0) is increased from 5.6 to 10.4nm, and then it remains constant up to a particle size of 141nm. In situ and at work FTIR of adsorbed CO reveal a severe cobalt surface reconstruction towards more open crystal planes and/or defect sites (Co–carbonyl bands in the region of 2000–2025cm−1) and suggest adsorbed C adatoms (surface carbidic species), derived from CO dissociation, as the true restructuring agent. Under FTS conditions, this Co surface reconstruction occurs similarly irrespective of the metal particle size. Moreover, an enhancement in the proportion of Co–SiO2 interfacial Co δ+ sites (Co–CO band at 2060cm−1) takes place particularly in small cobalt nanoparticles (5.6nm) likely as a consequence of nanoparticle flattening, as suggested by TEM after catalysis. These Co–SiO2 interfacial sites are tentatively proposed as responsible for the decreased TOF observed for d(Co0)<10nm.
Self-heating Li-ion battery (SHLB), a.k.a. all climate battery, has provided a novel and practical solution to the low temperature power loss challenge. During its rapid self-heating, it is critical to keep the heating process and temperature distributions uniform for superior battery performance, durability and safety. Through infrared thermography of an experimental SHLB cell activated from various low ambient temperatures, we find that temperature distribution is uniform over the active electrode area, suggesting uniform heating. We also find that a hot spot exists at the activation terminal during self-heating, which provides diagnostics for improvement of next generation SHLB cells without the hot spot.
Polymer electrolytes (PEs), a type of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), have been in contention for nearly half a century to replace organic liquid electrolytes (LEs) that are used in state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). They are envisaged to accelerate the industrial-scale production of safe, energy-dense, flexible, and thin lithium polymer batteries (LPBs). LPBs are expected to be widely employed for electric propulsion and other futuristic applications, such as flexible electronics and the Internet of Things (IoT). Even though several polymer architectures and chemistries have been attempted so far, PEs that can outperform LEs remain a real challenge. Apart from inadequate Li+-ion transport properties, challenges concerning the integration of PEs and the engineering of compatible, robust, and durable interfaces and interphases at both the electrodes of LPBs must be appropriately addressed. Recently, the in situ polymerization process has been widely employed as a robust fabrication tool for surpassing the intricacies related to the integration of PEs in LPBs. Hence, in this review, we focus on the in situ polymerization processes that employ various polymerization methods (e.g., free-radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, electropolymerization, condensation polymerization, etc.), functional monomers and oligomers (e.g., acrylate, methacrylate, allyl and vinyl ethers, epoxides, etc.), and PE integration strategies for the fabrication of lithium (ion and metal) polymer batteries (LIPBs and LMPBs). Additionally, this review also evaluates the approaches that have been developed until now to implement the in situ processing of LPBs from large-sized pouch cells to flexible-/printable-batteries and even microbatteries.
An innovative electronically-conducting cathode matrix, that makes sodium sulfur (NaS) battery excellent in discharge-charge performance, is prepared by surface modification of a carbon felt with inorganic nanoparticles. A carbon felt is dipped into an inorganic-organic hybrid sol, dried, and heat-treated at 600 °C for 2 h in a flowing argon. Coated surface of the felt has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The cell prepared with the coated carbon felt shows 92% of charge acceptance and 99.9% of coulombic efficiency at 100 mA cm−2 of current density.