batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This study examined the effect of patient attributes on expectations before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 1943 patients completed an Expectations Survey before TKA. Demographics, surgical history, baseline Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Lower Extremity Activity Scale score were obtained. On univariate analysis, expectations (mean score, 77.6) correlated with SF-36 General Health, age, SF-36 Vitality, KOOS Quality-of-Life, and Lower Extremity Activity Scale. Living alone and history of joint arthroplasty were associated with significantly lower expectations, whereas male sex and white race were associated with higher expectations. On multivariate regression analysis, age, living situation, history of joint arthroplasty, SF-36 General Health, and KOOS Quality-of-Life remained significant predictors of expectations. Our results suggest that high, possibly unrealistic, expectations of TKA are common and should be moderated to maintain patient satisfaction.
This paper proposes a novel and computationally efficient estimation algorithm for lithium-ion battery state of health (SoH) under the hood of incremental capacity analysis. Concepts of regional capacity and regional voltage are introduced to develop an SoH model against experimental cycling data from four types of batteries. In the obtained models, SoH is a simple linear function of the regional capacity, and the R-square of linear fitting is up to 0.948 for all the considered batteries with properly selected regional voltage. The proposed method without using characteristic parameters directly from incremental capacity curves is insensitive to noise and filtering algorithms, and is effective for common current rates, where rates of up to 1C have been demonstrated. Then, a model-based SoH estimator is designed and shown to be capable of closely matching battery's aging data from NASA, with the error less than 2.5%. Furthermore, such a small scale of error is achieved in the absent of state of charge and impedance which are often used for SOH estimation in available methods.
A study of a phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane fuel cell using commercial carbon supported, Pt alloy oxygen reduction catalysts is reported. The cathodes were made from PTFE bonded carbon supported Pt alloys without PBI but with phopshoric acid added to the electrode for ionic conductivity. Polarisation data for fuel cells with cathodes made with alloys of Pt with Ni, Co, Ru and Fe are compared with those with Pt alone as cathode at temperatures between 120 and 175°C. With the same loading of Pt enhancement in cell performance was achieved with all alloys except Pt–Ru, in the low current density activation kinetics region of operation. The extent of enhancement depended upon the operating temperature and also the catalyst loading. In particular a Pt–Co alloy produced performance significantly better than Pt alone, e.g. a peak power, with low pressure air, of 0.25Wcm−2 with 0.2mgPtcm−2 of a 20wt% Pt–Co catalyst.
Lithium-ion batteries are being used in increasingly demanding applications where safety and reliability are of utmost importance. Thermal runaway presents the greatest safety hazard, and needs to be fully understood in order to progress towards safer cell and battery designs. Here, we demonstrate the application of an internal short circuiting device for controlled, on-demand, initiation of thermal runaway. Through its use, the location and timing of thermal runaway initiation is pre-determined, allowing analysis of the nucleation and propagation of failure within 18650 cells through the use of high-speed X-ray imaging at 2000 frames per second. The cause of unfavourable occurrences such as sidewall rupture, cell bursting, and cell-to-cell propagation within modules is elucidated, and steps towards improved safety of 18650 cells and batteries are discussed.
We conducted multi-physics simulations of a composite electrode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), considering four distinct electrode components as well as inter-particle resistance between the active materials. The physical properties of the simulation are determined by reference to well-defined single particle measurements from the literature, thereby avoiding the influence of the complex microstructure of the composite electrode as much as possible. The influence of inter-particle resistance between the active materials is explored to determine its influence on the discharge properties of the electrode.
The immiscible Al–Sn alloy thin films prepared by electron-beam deposition were first investigated as possible negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries. In the complex structure of the Al–Sn thin films, tiny Sn particles dispersed homogeneously in the Al active matrix. Their electrochemical characteristics were tested in comparison with the pure Al and Sn films. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the Li+-transport rates in these Al–Sn alloy films were significantly enhanced. Charge–discharge tests showed that the Al–Sn alloy film anodes had good cycle performance. The electrode with high Al content (Al–33wt%Sn) delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 752mAhg−1 while the electrode with high Sn content (Al–64wt%Sn) had better cycleability with a stable specific capacity of about 300mAhg−1 under 0.8C rate. The good performance of these immiscible Al–Sn alloy film anodes was attributed to their unique microstructure. The mechanism of lithiation and delithiation reaction had been proposed based on cyclic voltammograms and impedance response of the Al–Sn alloy thin film electrodes. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the Al–Sn immiscible alloy is a potential candidate negative material for Li-ion battery.
Conducting polyaniline–zirconium dioxide (PANI/ZrO2) composites were synthesized by ‘in situ’ deposition technique in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) as dopant by adding the fine grade powder (average particle size of approximately 20nm) of ZrO2 into the polymerization reaction mixture of aniline. The composites obtained were characterized by infrared spectra (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TG curves and DTG curves of the composites suggest that the thermal degradation process of PANI/ZrO2 composites proceeds in two-steps and the composites are more thermally stable than that of the pure PANI. The improvement in the thermal stability for the composites is attributed to the interaction between PANI and ZrO2, which restricts the thermal motion of PANI chains and shields the degradation of PANI in the composites.
Developing rechargeable lithium ion batteries with fast charge/discharge rate, high capacity and power, long lifespan, and broad temperature adaptability is still a significant challenge. In order to realize the fast and efficient transport of ions and electrons during the charging/discharging process, a pure and well-crystallized LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 cathode material is directly synthesized via co-precipitation method at ambient pressure and 130 °C. Nano-LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C with 5.7 wt% conductive carbon delivers a discharge capacity of 160.6 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C, close to the theoretical value (170 mAh g−1). Even at 10 C, 20 C and 50 C, stable capacities of 113 mAh g−1, 102 mAh g−1 and 83 mAh g−1 are obtained, respectively. The discharge capacity at −15 °C is as high as 97 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. The excellent high-rate and low-temperature performances of nano-LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C effectively promote its practical usage in lithium-ion batteries.
We report the use of a new method to separate the ionic and electronic contributions to the conduction of solids that involves the use and proper interpretation of low amplitude variable frequency ac measurements. This is a relatively simple technique and has some advantages over the dc methods that are normally employed for this purpose, the Tubandt Faraday’s Law method, the dc assymetric polarization technique that is often called the Hebb–Wagner method, and the dc open circuit potential method. The temperature dependence of the transference numbers of several members of the SrSnO3 family of perovskite-like oxides, both with and without Fe substitution for some of the Sn, determined by this new method are reported.
Battery state-of-health (SoH) estimation is a critical function in a well-designed battery management system (BMS). In this paper, the battery SoH is detected based on the dynamic characteristic of the charging current during the constant-voltage (CV) period. Firstly, according to the preliminary analysis of the battery test data, the time constant of CV charging current is proved to be a robust characteristic parameter related to the battery aging. Secondly, the detailed expression of the current time constant is derived based on the first order equivalent circuit model (ECM). Thirdly, the quantitative correlation between the normalized battery capacity and the current time constant is established to indicate the battery SoH. Specifically, for the uncompleted CV charging process, the logarithmic function-based current time constant prediction model and the reference correlation curve are established to identify the battery capacity fading. At last, experimental results showed that regardless of the adopted data size, the correlation identified from one battery can be used to indicate the SoH of other three batteries within 2.5% error bound except a few outliers.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are advanced electrochemical reactors operating at a high temperature. SOFCs are presently under development for a variety of electric power generation applications with high energy conversion efficiency. This paper reviews the science and technology of SOFCs with emphasis on discussion of their component materials.
In this paper, LiTi2(PO4)3@N-doped carbon anode has been synthesized by in situ carbon coating approach. The well-proportioned N-doped carbon layer and loose nanoporous structure was obtained by using urea as nitrogen source and pore former. LiTi2(PO4)3@N-doped carbon as anode demonstrates much better rate capability than LiTi2(PO4)3@carbon in ALIBs. The optimized anode delivers the discharge capacity of 93.7mAhg−1 and 74.2mAhg−1 at rates of 10C and 20C, 22.5mAhg−1 and 50.0mAhg−1 larger than that of LiTi2(PO4)3@carbon. Moreover, LiTi2(PO4)3@N-doped carbon exhibits excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 84.3% at 5C after 1000 cycles. As verified, the well-proportioned N-doped carbon layer could reduce charge transfer resistance and improve electrical conductivity. The loose nanoporous structure could shorten pathway and facilitate diffusion for Li ion. Therefore, LiTi2(PO4)3@N-doped carbon gets the superior electrochemical properties benefiting from those two characteristics.
The effects of cations and anions of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) on the decomposition of chlorophenols and formation of phenol were investigated by gamma and pulse radiolyses. Absorption bands were observed for aliphatic RTILs just after pulsed electron irradiation, and were assigned as solvated electrons. The decomposition yield of chlorophenol (CP), G(-CP), and the formation yield of phenol, G(Phenol), in RTILs, in which solvated electrons were observed, were higher than those in RTILs, in which the solvated electrons were not detected. G(-CP) and G(Phenol) increased with the viscosity of the RTILs which have diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium (DEMMA) as cation. G(Phenol) in DEMMA-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) having high viscosity was higher than that in trimethylpropylammonium (TMPA)-TFSI having low viscosity. The ratios of G(Phenol)/G(-CP) were not affected by the substituted position of chlorine on CP in RTILs.
Nanoflower-like CuO/Ni film was prepared by electrodeposition method in an alkaline nickel electroplating solution, and the nanoflower-like CuO film was obtained by direct oxidation on copper substrate. The nanoflower-like CuO was crystalline with space group of C2/c, and the amorphous Ni particle layer on the surface of film contacted well with the nanoflower-like CuO. The electrochemical properties of CuO/Ni film were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. Since the metallic Ni can act as conductor and catalyst, the CuO/Ni film exhibits higher initial coulombic efficiency (72.1%) than the pure CuO film (57.0%), and better capacity retention (96.3% of the 2nd cycle) than the pure CuO film (67.8% of the 2nd cycle) at the current density of 0.1mAcm−2.
The electrolyte based on ionic liquid and sulfone with lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiODFB) was prepared for high voltage lithium-ion battery because of its high conductivity, wide electrochemical window and non-flammability. High voltage cathodes and carbonaceous anodes were used as electrodes to evaluate the electrochemical properties of cells with the electrolyte. Li/Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 and Li/MCMB cells with LiODFB–PP14TFSI/TMS exhibit good cycling performance, which retain capacities of above 220mAhg−1 and 338.6mAhg−1 after 50 cycles, respectively. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation were characterized by ab initio simulations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that LiODFB can be preferably oxidized during charging and reduced during discharging process. The nano reaction products pile up to form the SEI layers on the surfaces of electrodes. The SEI layers which prevent the electrolyte and electrode materials ensure the good electrochemical performance of the cells.
Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) is a promising, though expensive treatment for severely ill patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A high burden of disease in terms of quality of life (QoL) and life years lost can be a reason to prioritize mental health interventions, and specifically for BPD patients. Moreover, when the societal costs of the illness are high, spending resources on high treatment costs would be more easily legitimized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to calculate the burden of disease of BPD patients eligible for MBT.
Oxidation of Mn2+ to MnO2 and reduction of MnO2 on Pt electrode in sulphuric acid was investigated by cyclic voltammetry as a function of the Mn2+ concentration, acid concentration, scan rate, temperature and convection. It was observed that oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) was mass transfer controlled. High temperature and stirring enhanced the oxidation rate of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Decreasing acid concentration favours MnO2 deposition while high acid concentrations inhibit the formation of MnO2. The mechanism of MnO2 deposition from Mn(II) is suggested to be an ECE sequence with the formation of an insulating intermediate (MnOOH). Small amounts of deposited MnO2 may be reduced electrochemically at the electrode surface.
This paper discusses the development of hybrid electricity supply system (HESS) for a remote community, which takes our previous study some steps further. Previously, we have proposed a PV-based system to electrify 24houses during the dry and wet seasons. While this system can support the users’ demand during the dry season due to high solar irradiance, load reduction is inevitable during the rainy season to manage the available electricity. The users will be constrained to limit the operation of certain appliances, especially the fridges during such a period. Therefore, this new study introduces a diesel generator to the existing PV model to create the HESS, which is expected to address the load reduction issue, thus, meeting the users’ worst-case demand at all the seasons. The HESS is modeled in DIgSILENT environment; the design methodologies and analyses are based on the global engineering standards and practical experience. Its techno-economic and environmental performances are then compared with those of PV-only and diesel-only systems for decision-making. Results reveal that the HESS is a better option in terms of ensuring the maximum comfort of the users during the two seasons, with relatively higher reliability. Though it has the highest initial capital cost, its life cycle cost, fuel consumption and carbon footprint are lower than the values obtained for the diesel-only option.
As hybrid and electric vehicle technologies continue to advance, car manufacturers have begun to employ lithium ion batteries as the electrical energy storage device of choice for use in existing and future vehicles. However, to ensure batteries are reliable, efficient, and capable of delivering power and energy when required, an accurate determination of battery performance, health, and life prediction is necessary. This paper provides a review of battery prognostics and health management (PHM) techniques, with a focus on major unmet needs in this area for battery manufacturers, car designers, and electric vehicle drivers. A number of approaches are presented that have been developed to monitor battery health status and performance, as well as the evolution of prognostics modeling methods. The goal of this review is to render feasible and cost effective solutions for dealing with battery life issues under dynamic operating conditions.
Polyaniline (PANI) synthesized by a potentiostatic method at 4°C in 1 M HNO3 with the polymerization charge density equal to/less than 0.45 C cm−2 was demonstrated to exhibit ideally capacitive characteristics (i.e. high reversibility and high-power property) with a high specific capacitance of 210 F g−1 for the application of electrochemical supercapacitors in NaNO3. Influences of the polymerization charge density (i.e. the polymer loading) and the polymerization temperature on the capacitive characteristics of PANI films compared by both cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge technique were reasonably correlated with their structural properties examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The highest specific capacitance of a PANI film polymerized at 4°C was attributed to its lowest density of structure defects. The surface morphology of these PANI films was examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
A series of Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based gel polymer electrolytes doped with KOH solution have been synthesized by a cast method in absence of other additives and crosslinkers. Immersion of these membranes in 12 M KOH solution causes the entrance of a higher amount of KOH and water inside the polymeric matrix. XRD, TGA, XPS and ATR-FTIR measurements confirm PVA chains restructure depending on the amount of KOH and water inside the membrane. This fact is in agreement with the improvement of the ionic conductivity, diminishing of activation energy and increasing of peaks intensities in cyclic voltammograms. Besides, these PVA-KOH membranes have been tested in Zn/PVA-KOH/Air batteries confirming the importance of the amount of KOH and water inside the gel polymer electrolyte. Finally, XRD and EDX measurements demonstrate the confinement of Zn++ close to Zn electrode during the test of Zn/Air batteries, making necessary the movement of OH– anions inside the membrane, as the only ionic species causing the charge transport through the membrane. This fact, together with spectroscopic and electrical results allows us to discuss the improvement of the anionic transport inside the membranes based on the Grotthuss mechanism.
Tailored metal oxide/carbon composite structures have attracted great attention due to potential synergistic effects and enhanced properties. In this work, novel CuO/C core/shell nanowire arrays are prepared by the combination of electro-deposition of CuO and atomic-layer-deposition-assisted formation of carbon nanoflakes shell. The CuO nanowires with diameters of ∼200nm are homogenously coated by carbon nanoflakes shell. When evaluated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), compared to the unmodified CuO nanowire arrays, the CuO/C core/shell nanowire arrays exhibit improved electrochemical performances with higher capacity, better electrochemical reactivity and high-rate capability as well as superior cycling life (610mAhg−1 at 0.5C after 290 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the introduction of carbon flake shell in the core/shell nanowire arrays structure, which provides higher active material-electrolyte contact area, improved electrical conductivity, and better accommodation of volume change. The proposed method provides a new way for fabrication of high-performance metal oxides anodes of LIBs.
A new method, probability density function (PDF), is proposed for evaluating the state of health (SOH) of electric storage batteries by analyzing the charge/discharge (C/D) data. First, a comparison of the PDF method, the cyclic voltammogram (CV), incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and differential voltage analysis (DVA) is provided. The mathematical basis of the four methods are in agreement. Moreover, the PDF method and the ICA/DVA have an equivalence verified by mathematical derivation. Thus the results acquired by the PDF and the ICA/DVA are quite similar. LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 batteries are tested to demonstrate the PDF method. Coin cells are tested by the PDF and the CV methods. Results show that the PDF curves and the CV curves have similar shapes. In addition, durability tests are conducted on four commercial batteries to analyze the aging regularities using the PDF method. The PDF results show that the height of the peak reduces as the battery capacity fades. Employing the regularity of peak height reduction with battery aging, an algorithm is proposed to evaluate the SOH online. The PDF method extends the application of the ICA/DVA method. The PDF algorithm is promising to be used in the online SOH evaluation of lithium-ion batteries.
Silicon nanoflake powder (Si LeafPowder®, Si-LP) used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries has demonstrated superior cycle performance at 30°C in an ethylene-carbonate-based electrolyte solution because its characteristic thin-film-based structure resists pulverization. However, capacity fading was accelerated at 60°C owing to enhanced decomposition of the electrolyte solution and growth of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which leads to loss of the electronic contact between Si-LP particles. The SEI-forming additives vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and difluoroethylene carbonate improved the capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency at 30°C. Although VC is the most effective additive at 60°C, the discharge capacity was decreased dramatically at −5°C owing to poor ionic and electronic conductivity of the SEI layer formed from the VC-added electrolyte solution. The added FEC produced better performance in a wide temperature range of −5 to 60°C because the SEI layer formed in the FEC-added electrolyte solution had higher ionic and electronic conductivity than that formed from VC, even at −5°C. To obtain Si anodes with high discharge capacity and long cycle life, an appropriate choice of SEI-forming additive taking into account the operating temperature is important.