batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Nano-sized calcium zincate powders used as active materials for a secondary Zn electrode were prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. The properties were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), micro-Raman spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments. The secondary Zn electrodes using chemical co-precipitation calcium zincate powders (CP-ZnCa) and ball-milled calcium zincate powders (BM-ZnCa), were examined and compared. The electrochemical performance of the secondary Zn electrodes was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. It was demonstrated that the electrochemical properties of the secondary Zn-pasted electrode using CP-ZnCa powders were greatly improved, as compared with conventional secondary ZnO electrodes. The results indicated that secondary Ni-Zn batteries using CP-ZnCa powders exhibited a better charge/discharge property and a longer life-cycle performance, compared with those based on ball-milled ZnO + Ca(OH)2 (BM-ZnCa) powders.
The powders of LiCoO2/Ag composite were prepared by thermal decomposition of AgNO3 added to commercial LiCoO2 powders and were examined on their electrochemical performance with particular attention to their high-rate charge–discharge cycling properties as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ac impedance, CV and charge–discharge cycles were used to evaluate the LiCoO2/Ag composite powders. It was shown that the Ag additive effectively increased the electrical conductivity of the LiCoO2 and decreased the polarization of cathode, and marvellously improved the high-rate discharge capacity and cycling stability of LiCoO2.
Phospho-olivine LiFePO4 as a cathode material of rechargeable lithium battery was synthesized from LiOH, FeSO4, and (NH4)3PO4 by hydrothermal process at 170°C. The optimized molar ratio of Li:Fe:P in the starting solution was 2.5:1:1. The charge and discharge capacities at 3.5V versus Li/Li+ of hydrothermally synthesized LiFePO4 were 65mAhg−1. The additional heat treatment was carried out to improve the charge–discharge performance of hydrothermally synthesized LiFePO4. Raman spectroscopy revealed that existence of α-Fe2O3 on the particle surface of LiFePO4 annealed at 400°C. The charge and discharge capacities of the annealed LiFePO4 were 150mAhg−1. Two plateaus at 3.5 and 2.5V were observed in the charge–discharge curves, and the 2.5V plateau was correlated with the Li+ insertion into α-Fe2O3.
The storage process of Zn2+ in the Prussian blue analogue (PBA) copper hexacyanoferrate (Cu[Fe(CN)6]2/3·nH2O - CuHCF) framework structure in a context of rechargeable aqueous batteries is examined by means of in operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Via sequential unit-cell parameter refinements of time-resolved diffraction data, it is revealed that the step-profile of the cell output voltage curves during repeated electrochemical insertion and removal of Zn2+ in the CuHCF host structure is associated with a non-linear contraction and expansion of the unit-cell in the range 0.36 < x < 1.32 for Znx/3Cu[Fe(CN)6]2/3·nH2O. For a high insertion cation content there is no apparent change in the unit-cell contraction. Furthermore, a structural analysis with respect to the occupancies of possible Zn2+ sites suggests that the Fe(CN)6 vacancies within the CuHCF framework play an important role in the structural-electrochemical behavior of this particular system. More specifically, it is observed that Zn2+ swaps position during electrochemical cycling, hopping between cavity sites to vacant ferricyanide sites.
The influence of a 200 nm Cu2O coating layer on the electrochemical performance of an 800 nm Si thin-film anode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. The electrochemical performance of the Si thin-film anode was improved by the coating layer. The coated Si anode exhibited higher values of conductivity in comparison with the pristine Si anode. Scanning electron microscopy images of the anodes after cycling test showed that the coated Si anode after cycling test had less cracks than the pristine Si anode. The galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements reveal that the cyclability and rate capability of the coated Si thin-film anode were better than the pristine Si thin-film anode.
Assessment of the risk of impact from most radionuclides is based on the total radiological dose rate to the organism of concern. However, for uranium (U) there can be greater risk from chemical toxicity than radiological toxicity (depending on the isotopic composition). Chemical ecotoxicity of U is dependent on several environmental parameters. The most important are carbonate content, because of the formation of soluble carbonate complexes, and divalent cation content (Ca++ and Mg++), because of their competitive interaction with the uranyl ion (UO2 ++). This study summarizes the literature available to set PNECs (predicted no-effect concentrations) for chemical toxicity of U to non-human biota. The corresponding radiological doses were estimated, and as expected chemical toxicity proved to be the greater concern. There were limited data from some types of biota; however, PNECs for the types of biota of interest were as follows: • terrestrial plants—250mgUkg−1 drysoil; • other soil biota—100mgUkg−1 drysoil; • freshwater plants—0.005mgUL−1 water; • freshwater invertebrates—0.005mgUL−1 water; • freshwater benthos—100mgUkg−1 drysediment; • freshwater fish at water hardnesses of: – <10mgCaCO3 L−1 (very soft water)—0.4mgUL−1 water; – 10–100mgCaCO3 L−1 (soft water)—2.8mgUL−1 water; and – >100mgCaCO3 L−1 (hard water)—23mgUL−1 water; or – as a function of hardness—0.26 (hardness asmgCaCO3 L−1) • mammals—0.1mgUkg−1 bodyweightd−1.
Attention has been given to the battery modelling in the electric engineering field following the current development of renewable energy and electrification of transportation. The establishment of the equivalent circuit model of the battery requires data preparation and parameterisation. Besides, as the equivalent circuit model is an abstract map of the battery electric characteristics, the determination of the possible ranges of parameters can be a challenging task. In this paper, an efficient yet easy to implement method is proposed to parameterise the equivalent circuit model of batteries utilising the advances of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Differential evolution (DE) is selected and modified to parameterise an equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion batteries. A boundary evolution strategy (BES) is developed and incorporated into the DE to update the parameter boundaries during the parameterisation. The method can parameterise the model without extensive data preparation. In addition, the approach can also estimate the initial SOC and the available capacity. The efficiency of the approach is verified through two battery packs, one is an 8-cell battery module and one from an electrical vehicle.
We report a one-pot hydrothermal approach to synthesize carbon coated-SnO2/graphene-sheet (SnO2-C/GNS) nanocomposite. Strong oxidation–reduction reactions to produce GNS by the traditional Hummers' method are avoided. The experiments show that the glucose and tin tetrachloride can intercalate into the thin graphite flake to exfoliate graphite and form SnO2-C/GNS nanocomposite simultaneously during the hydrothermal process. The approach is quite simple and green. Meanwhile, the prepared SnO2-C/GNS nanocomposite as an anode material of lithium-ion batteries exhibits higher lithium storage capacity and better cycling performance compared to SnO2 nanoparticle and SnO2-C microsphere. It still delivers the reversible capacity of 703 mA h g−1 after 80 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and maintains 443 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g−1. The improvement in the performance of SnO2-C/GNS nanocomposite can be attributed to the fully conﬁnement of SnO2 nanoparticles between the GNS and the carbon layer, which can effectively prevent the detachment and agglomeration of SnO2 and preserve the integrity of the nanostructure during charge/discharge cycling.
A Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte was successfully prepared by dissolution-reprecipitation process via ethanol solution. An ionic conductivity of the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte from the homogeneous ethanol solution was 1.4 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature. LiCoO2 particles were coated with the Li6PS5Cl electrolyte via ethanol solution to form favorable electrode-electrolyte interface with a large contact areas. An all-solid-state cell using the electrolyte-coated LiCoO2 operated as a rechargeable battery and showed the initial discharge capacity of 45 mAh g−1 at 25 °C.
The issues of global warming and depletion of fossil fuels have paved opportunities to electric vehicle (EV). Moreover, the rapid development of power electronics technologies has even realized high energy-efficient vehicles. EV could be the alternative to decrease the global green house gases emission as the energy consumption in the world transportation is high. However, EV faces huge challenges in battery cost since one-third of the EV cost lies on battery. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of the energy sources, storage devices, power converters, low-level control energy management strategies and high supervisor control algorithms used in EV. The comparison on advantages and disadvantages of vehicle technology is highlighted. In addition, the standards and patterns of drive cycles for EV are also outlined. The advancement of power electronics and power processors has enabled sophisticated controls (low-level and high supervisory algorithms) to be implemented in EV to achieve optimum performance as well as the realization of fast-charging stations. The rapid growth of EV has led to the integration of alternative resources to the utility grid and hence smart grid control plays an important role in managing the demand. The awareness of environmental issue and fuel crisis has brought up the sales of EV worldwide.
An accurate prediction of battery behaviors guarantees the reliability, security, and efficiency for current tasks. An electrochemical-thermal (ECT) coupling model for LiCoO2 battery is proposed to describe charge and discharge behaviors. With lumped thermal analysis, calculations of heat generation, conduction, and dissipation are added to a simplified electrochemical model. Battery mechanistic parameters are reasonably reduced and regrouped to reduce estimation complexity. Based on excitation response analysis, identification conditions are specially designed to obtain mechanistic parameters. Simulations are carried out to validate the applicability of model at different operating conditions. Simulation results of terminal voltage and surface temperature are in good agreement with actual experimental measurements at lower C rates and dynamic load currents. With proposed parameter estimation method, the simplified ECT coupling model can be applied to similar battery systems.
Scholars examining neoliberalization often attribute its resilience to powerful actors’ access to resources and their ability to embed their interests in local, national, and global forms of governance. While scholars have recognized how less powerful actors attempt to resist processes of neoliberalization, observations of emergent alternatives have been more limited. In this article I argue that scholars’ focus upon the resilience of neoliberalization has often caused them to overlook the resilience of older and alternative forms of socioeconomic organization that can underpin the power of less powerful actors and serve as the foundation for counter-neoliberal shifts. I suggest that one way to resolve this oversight is through the use of a reiterated problem solving approach. Such an approach can help scholars to better historicize neoliberal and counter-neoliberal turns and recognize the ability of a greater array of actors to influence socioeconomic change. To demonstrate the utility of such an approach in studies of neoliberalization and counter-neoliberalization, I examine Bolivia’s hydrocarbon sector—or what could be called Bolivia’s enduring hydrocarbon problem—over the past century.
We investigated the effects of carbon materials on the electrochemical properties of iron electrodes in alkaline solution with the use of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling performance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Various herringbone-type carbons were used as additives to investigate the effects of carbon materials on the electrochemical properties of iron electrodes to find an adequate carbon for use in Fe-air battery anodes. An Fe/C composite electrode showed significant performance improvement over a pure iron electrode when herringbone carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were employed. The morphology of carbons as well as their characteristics strongly affected the cycling performance of the Fe/C composite electrodes. Our X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) study showed that during cycling, iron species were dispersed on the carbon surface. Such dispersion of iron may improve the electrochemical behavior of the Fe redox species. When K2S additive was added to the electrolyte, the hydrogen evolution was significantly suppressed and the capacities of the Fe/C electrodes were improved.
The FACT-G has gone through many validation studies. However, little research has been conducted in South American Spanish speaking patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the FACT-G Spanish Version 4 in Uruguayan cancer patients.
The growing global demands of high-safety, low-cost and high working voltage energy storage devices trigger great interests in novel batteries beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery. Herein, we firstly fabricate a novel rechargeable dual-ion cell with graphite cathode and Si nanosphere@graphene (Si-NS@G) composite anode in a LiPF6-based organic electrolyte. The graphene layers anchored onto Si nanospheres surface can accommodate the volume expansion and improve the electrical conductivity of Si nanospheres. The cell shows stable long-term cycling and excellent rate performance with a high discharge capacity of 100 mA h g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the cell operates a high working voltage of >4.2 V, enabling a higher energy density. Our result may open a new paradigm for novel electrochemical cell technologies and applications.
Electrochemical storage is typically accompanied by simultaneous accommodation of ions and electrons. Here the authors discuss a concept of decoupling electron and ion storage and present their perspectives of constructing artificial mixed conductor electrodes to enhance storage ability.
Euglena gracilis is a microalga capable of synthesizing various nutrients of interest in human and animal nutrition. When cultivated aerobically in the dark, Euglena synthesize paramylon, a storage polysaccharide comprised of high molecular weight beta-1,3-D-glucose polymers organized in cytoplasmic granules. Beta-glucans have been shown to have immune modulation effects, including anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant properties, and metabolic effects, such as regulation of cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Preparations of E. gracilis and paramylon may therefore have potential utility as functional food ingredients for human and animal nutrition. A battery of toxicological studies was conducted on a dried preparation of E. gracilis and paramylon to support their safe food use. The dried alga was not genotoxic in a bacterial reverse mutation test and mammalian micronucleus test. In the subchronic toxicity study, rats were provided E. gracilis in the diet at levels of 0, 12,500, 25,000 or 50,000 ppm. Paramylon was provided at a concentration of 50,000 ppm. No effects that could be attributable to treatment were observed in clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology and clinical chemistry, urinalysis, and macroscopic and microscopic findings. A NOAEL of 50,000 ppm in the diet was determined for both ingredients.
Adolescents face significant barriers to contraception access and utilization that result in adverse health effects of early pregnancy and childbirth. Unsafe abortions continue to occur partly due to failure to prevent pregnancies, with Sub-Saharan Africa contributing the most significant burden of all unsafe abortions among young people globally, of which a quarter occurs in those aged 15–19 years. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the contraceptive and abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents in low and middle-income countries to increase the understanding of the sexual and reproductive health dynamics that they face.
Label-free electrical detection of protein interactions has been achieved by direct measurement of variations in open circuit potential (OCP) using an accurate differential voltage measurement. Our model system involves a panel of peptide aptamers that recognise specific protein partners of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family. Different peptide aptamers immobilized on gold electrodes were used for the detection of human CDK2 and CDK4. The formation of the peptide aptamer recognition layer and the efficiency of its interaction with CDK proteins in yeast cell lysates were characterized by quartz crystal microbalance measurements. The interaction of the peptide aptamers with CDK proteins was successfully detected by direct OCP measurements. The OCP dependence on the pH of the measurement buffer confirms that the effects observed are due to the change in charge upon protein interaction. Variations in charge transfer resistance and in protein/double-layer capacitance were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with charged redox markers in solution. The present work shows that electrical detection of protein interactions can be achieved by direct measurement of OCP variations using suitable differential voltage instrumentation. The results indicate that label-free detection of protein interactions is possible with potentiometric transducers such as field-effect transistors.
Abstract The metallurgy of the casting alloys is presented here according to bifilm theory. At the time of writing this chapter, the bifilm interpretation is more speculative than I would like, but it is a theory which fits the facts with uncanny accuracy. The light alloys based on Mg and Al are soundly explained by the bifilm approach. Zinc alloys, cast irons, steels, nickel and titanium alloys all exhibit structures and behaviour explicable by bifilms which effectively control mechanical and corrosion properties.
The effort to increase the energy density of conventional electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) goes through the development of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). Herein, we report a self-standing, binder-free composite as the battery-type negative electrode obtained by a low-cost and easily scalable method. Tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles (<10 nm) embedded in a reduced graphene oxide matrix (SnO2-rGO) were prepared by an in-situ synthetic approach that involves the freeze/freeze-drying of a graphene oxide suspension in the presence of a tin precursor and its subsequent thermal reduction under argon atmosphere. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization confirmed the optimum nano-structuration of the composite showing ultrafast response at high current densities. Its coupling with a highly porous olive pits waste-derived activated carbon (AC) as the capacitor-type positive electrode, enables the fabrication of a LIC with an excellent energy density output. The newly designed LIC is able to deliver 60 Wh kg−1 at 2.9 kW kg−1 (tdischarge ≈ 1 min) and still 27 Wh kg−1 at 10.6 kW kg−1 (tdischarge ≈ 10 s).
The approach of using cellulosic substances (kapok fibers) as templates is employed to prepare hollow SnO2 nanotubular materials as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The obtained nanotubular materials retain the morphological hierarchy of the kapok fibers, and each nanotube is composed of nano-sized SnO2 ranged from 5 to 12 nm SnO2 nanotubular anode exhibits a stable reversible capacity of 600 mAh g−1 at constant current density of 100 mA g−1, and capacity retention keeps over 91.6% after 60 cycles. The nanostructured characteristics of SnO2 particle embedded in the nanotube ensure the high capacity in the electrode. The nanotube came from cellulose fiber templates provides the electrode with firm framework, and thus avoids the electrode to pulverize in the charge–discharge process. Furthermore, the hollow loose structure offers a sufficient void space, which sufficiently alleviates the mechanical stress caused by volume change. All these factors contribute greatly to the excellent cycling stability of SnO2 electrode.
is a professor of NHN NEXT since 2012. NHN NEXT is an educational institution to foster talents for the future of software industry in Korea. It is committed to deliver a new curriculum and educational practices where students can learn practical skills in arts and technology, and comprehend the impact of the skills on human values. He was a senior researcher in Knowledge E-Learning team of ETRI from 2009 to 2012, and was a research professor in Inha University, Korea from 2008 to 2009. He received BS degrees simultaneously in Computer Science & Engineering and Physics from Inha University, Korea, in 1999, and received MS and PhD degrees in Computer Science & Engineering from Inha University in 2001 and 2006, respectively. His research interests include volume visualization, hardware-based rendering, and multimedia.
New energy storage chemistries based on Mg ions or Ca ions can theoretically improve both the energy density and reduce the costs of batteries. To date there has been limited progress in implementing these systems due to the challenge of finding a high voltage high capacity cathode that is compatible with an electrolyte that can plate and strip the elemental metal. In order to accelerate the discovery of such a system, model systems are needed that alleviate some of the issues of incompatibility. This report demonstrates the ability of nickel hexacyanoferrate to electrochemically intercalate Mg, Ca and Zn ions from a nonaqueous electrolyte. This material has a relatively high insertion potential and low overpotential in the electrolytes used in this study. Furthermore, since it is not an oxide based cathode it should be able to resist attack by corrosive electrolytes such as the chloride containing electrolytes that are often used to plate and strip magnesium. This makes it an excellent cathode for use in developing and understanding the complex electrochemistry of multivalent ion batteries.