batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool to assess and understand the degradation of Li-ion battery (LIB) performances during operation (i.e. upon charge and discharge cycles). The full interpretation of EIS diagrams associated to complex electrode/electrolyte interfaces is however tedious. An analytical solution for the electrochemical impedance of a porous electrode composed of spherical intercalation particles in contact with concentrated electrolyte is presented herein. The proposed model which is based on the concentrated solution theory previously developed but which also accounts for kinetic limitations, and both solution-phase and solid-phase diffusion limitations, can predict the EIS response of a porous electrode at any state of charge using a limited set of parameters. Moreover, the developed model can predict the optimal porosity of the electrode to be targeted during the manufacturing process for the best cycling performances depending on the composition of the electrode (volume fractions of active material, binder and conductive agent).
Spinel-type Li4Ti5O12 has been proposed as an advanced anode for energy storage because of its safety and stability in recent years. However, the Li4Ti5O12 anode reported so far exhibited poor rate performance and required further improvement. Herein, a highly conductive network with PPy polymer and N-doped graphene sheet is constructed with Li4Ti5O12 embedded inside for the first time. In this design, the Li4Ti5O12 particles are uniformly coated with conducting PPy layer and further connected by the N-doped graphene. This combined structure is favorable to facilitate the electron and Li+ transmission, and thus enhance the battery performance. The as-fabricated composite delivers the initial capacities of 186.2 and 152.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 10 C, respectively. The above results reveal that the conducting PPy polymer and N-doped graphene sheet co-modified Li4Ti5O12 composite would be a potential anode for next-generation energy storage device.
Nowadays, exploring a high performance, low cost, long cycling stability and superior excellent rate performance electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) remains big challenge. In this work, hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs) are prepared by annealing Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) material institute lavoisier-88 (MIL-88(Fe)) as precursors and then etching Fe-based composites via 2 M HCl. From the characterization analysis, PCNs exhibits a unique hollow and hierarchically porous structures with ultrafine carbon nanosheets, which could offer the high specific surface area, more electrochemical reaction active sites and fast charge transfer ability for sodium storage. When used as anode materials for SIBs, it shows high specific capacity of 215 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, and superior high rate performance with a capacity of 138 mAh g−1 at a very high current density of 2.5 A g−1 and superior long-cycling life due to its hierarchically porous property, high electrical conductivity, structural stability and enhanced pseudo-capacitive contribution from surface effects. The current strategy is promising to synthesize the porous carbon materials from MOFs for next generation energy storage application.
The highly oriented macroporous graphene monoliths hybridized with carbon-coated metal oxide or phosphate (C/M/GM) with core/shell structure were fabricated by an ice-templating co-assembly of M/GO nanosheets (metal oxide/phosphates decorated graphene oxide) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and following thermal treatment. With either tin oxide (SnO2) or iron phosphate (FePO4), the resulting C/M/GMs possess periodic macropores with diameters ranging from 5 to 20μm and high loading contents of active components (~70wt%). Served as the anode in LIBs, C/SnO2/GM maintains an ultrahigh capacity of 1665mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.2Ag−1 for 200 cycles. Even at an ultrafast charge rate of 10Ag−1, a decent capacity of 300mAhg−1 can still be achieved, with excellent cycling stability. And C/FePO4/GM also delivers a highly reversible capacity of 175mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.05Ag−1 for 150 cycles and a good capacity of 57mAhg−1 at 2Ag−1 when as the LIB cathode electrode.
Surface coating has become an effective method to stabilize solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), extend the cycle life, and improve rate performance of anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, owing to the incompatible volumetric changes between the core and the shell, core-shell structures with fully filled active materials are prone to fracture upon electrochemical cycling, leading to fast capacity fading. Here, we synthesize partially filled Sn@C yolk-shell nanoparticles (NPs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as anode materials for LIBs. Our in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies demonstrate that the yolk-shell NPs can lithiate and delithiate hundreds of cycles with ultrafast (2s per cycle) reversible cycling without rupture. Front-tracking finite element analysis of the coupled chemical reaction, diffusion, and stress generation upon lithiation reveals improved chemomechanical durability of the yolk-shell NPs, in comparison to naked SnNPs and fully filled Sn@C core-shell NPs. Our results provide rational guidance to the development and optimization of yolk-shell NPs as high-performance anode materials for LIBs.
The use of renewable technologies will increase with the requirement to meet carbon reduction targets. However, this must be done in a sustainable manner. This paper compares the impact of the current Lebanese electricity system with production of electricity from PV. This is the first paper to look at how the addition of PV to this system, and explores the potential impact. As many electricity networks in the region suffer from similar issues and have similar climates this research will not only inform the Lebanese system, but can be used to influence and inform impacts of other systems. It evaluates the environmental impact, and therefore the actual sustainability, of a 1.8kWp monocrystalline Photovoltaic (PV) system with and without Lead-Acid batteries (PbA) compared to the existing centralised electricity production mix and decentralised diesel neighbourhood gensets. The analysis is rigorous as it is conducted using the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA), using the SimaPro software (Ecoinvent 2.2 database) and ReCiPe 2008 method for impact assessment. The environmental impacts of the PV technology are compared to that of the existing fossil fuel electricity generation mix. Results, using the functional unit of 1kWh, indicate that the PV system, even when equipped with PbA batteries, has a lower environmental burden per delivered output compared to the Lebanese electricity mix, and even more so when decentralised diesel neighbourhood gensets are taken into account. The results of the analysis allows to calculate a series of parameters such as Global Warming Potential (GWP) (0.0402kg CO2eq/kWh and 0.0389kg CO2eq/kWh), Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) (4.41MJ/kWh and 4.39MJ/kWh), Gross Energy Requirement (GER) (1.23 and 1.22), Energy Pay-Back Time (EPBT) (16.9years and 16.1years), Carbon Dioxide Pay-Back Time (CO2eqPBT) (3.52years and 3.21years), and Net Energy Ratio (NER) (1.48 and 1.55) for the PV system with and without PbA batteries.
Thermal energy was shown to be efficiently converted into electrical power in a thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery (TRAB) using copper-based redox couples [Cu(NH3)42+/Cu and Cu(II)/Cu]. Ammonia addition to the anolyte (2 M ammonia in a copper-nitrate electrolyte) of a single TRAB cell produced a maximum power density of 115 ± 1 W m−2 (based on projected area of a single copper mesh electrode), with an energy density of 453 W h m−3 (normalized to the total electrolyte volume, under maximum power production conditions). Adding a second cell doubled both the voltage and maximum power. Increasing the anolyte ammonia concentration to 3 M further improved the maximum power density to 136 ± 3 W m−2. Volatilization of ammonia from the spent anolyte by heating (simulating distillation), and re-addition of this ammonia to the spent catholyte chamber with subsequent operation of this chamber as the anode (to regenerate copper on the other electrode), produced a maximum power density of 60 ± 3 W m−2, with an average discharge energy efficiency of ∼29% (electrical energy captured versus chemical energy in the starting solutions). Power was restored to 126 ± 5 W m−2 through acid addition to the regenerated catholyte to decrease pH and dissolve Cu(OH)2 precipitates, suggesting that an inexpensive acid or a waste acid could be used to improve performance. These results demonstrated that TRABs using ammonia-based electrolytes and inexpensive copper electrodes can provide a practical method for efficient conversion of low-grade thermal energy into electricity.
Owing to the unique redox reaction and the relative low molar mass of the repeating unit, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was selected as an advanced organic cathode for potassium-ion-based dual-ion battery (PDIB) with the K foil anode and KPF6-based electrolyte. The operation mechanism of this PDIB is that PF6 − anions are migrated from the electrolyte and incorporated into PVK cathode via the attraction to the positively charged N atom of carbazole ligand, and then are released into the electrolyte in the subsequent discharge process; simultaneously, K+ cations are reversibly stored/removed in/from the anode during charging/discharging. It shows a high median operation potential of 4.05 V vs. K+/K and can achieve a high specific capacity of 117 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1, which is close to its theoretical value of 138 mAh g−1. More impressively, even at the highest current density of 2000 mA g−1 for 500 cycles, a high average specific capacity of 61 mAh g−1 can still be obtained with capacity rentation of 55%.
Large interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte limits the development of high-performance all-solid-state batteries. Herein we report a uniform coating of Li7P3S11 solid electrolyte on MoS2 to form a MoS2/Li7P3S11 composite electrode for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries. The as-synthesized Li7P3S11 processes a high ionic of 2.0 mS cm−1 at room temperature. Due to homogeneous union and reduced interfacial resistance, the assembled all-solid-state batteries with the MoS2/Li7P3S11 composite electrode exhibit higher reversible capacity of 547.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and better cycling stability than the counterpart based on untreated MoS2. Our study provides a new reference for design/fabrication of advanced electrode materials for high-performance all-solid-state batteries.
This paper examines the cost-effectiveness of subsidies (feed-in tariffs and renewable energy credits) paid for by electricity consumers to support the uptake of roof top photovoltaic (PV) systems by households in Australia. We estimate annual payback periods, and then regress these against the actual uptake of household PV and associated emission reductions, creating a relationship not apparent in other research. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the declining cost of PV panels had most impact on PV uptake followed by feed-in tariffs, renewable energy credits and the increasing cost of household electricity tariffs. Our modelling shows that feed-in tariffs were higher than necessary to achieve the resultant levels of PV uptake and that the low cost of PV panels and comparatively high electricity tariffs are likely to result in a continuing strong uptake of household PV in Australia. Our modelling shows that subsidies peaked in 2011 and 2012, with payback periods of three to four years, having since increased to five to six years. Emission reduction costs are expected to reduce from over AU$200 per t CO2e in 2013 to between AU$65 and AU$100 per t CO2e in 2020. Household PV reduced Australia’s emissions by 3.7 million t CO2e in 2013 (1.7% of Australia’s total emissions) and is expected to reach eight million tonnes (3.7% of Australia’s total emissions) by 2020.
This is the interim analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled study comparing diabetic foot ulcer healing in patients being treated with either noncontact normothermic wound therapy (Warm-UP; Augustine Medical Inc. Eden Prairie, MN) applied for 1 hour 3 times daily until healing or 12 weeks, or standard care (saline-moistened gauze applied once a day). Surgical debridement and adequate foot off-loading was provided to both groups. Evaluations were performed weekly and consisted of acetate tracings, wound assessment, and serial photography. Twenty patients have completed the trial and both treatment groups were distributed evenly (N = 10). Ulcers treated with noncontact normothermic wound therapy had a greater mean percent wound closure than control-treated ulcers at each evaluation point (weeks 1–12). After 12 weeks, 70% of the wounds treated with noncontact normothermic wound therapy were healed compared with 40% for the control group. In this subset of patients there have been no adverse events associated with noncontact normothermic wound therapy. (The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 42(1):30-35, 2003)
Nonaqueous asymmetric hybrid electrochemical supercapacitors using a nanostructured Li4Ti5O12 anode and an activated carbon cathode were built. Thin prismatic prototypes were made in the same technology as plastic Li-ion batteries. The 500F devices had a usable packaged specific energy of 11Wh/kg, with a specific power of 800W/kg at 95% efficiency, and a matched impedance power of 4000W/kg. The cycle-life ranged between 10,000 and 100,000 cycles depending on cycling conditions. The appropriateness for automotive applications was evidenced by the study of several typical examples.
Fuel cell technology holds the combination of benefits, which are barely offered by any other energy generating technology. Because the fuel used in this technology is found in abundance in nature and can also be renewed/sustained. Pakistan is blessed with renewable energy resources which are suitable for fuel cell technology. Therefore, fuel cell technology offers a great opportunity to meet the demand of energy and for the sustainable development of Pakistan. The energy research group at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore has made efforts to study the technical aspects of fuel cell technology and its commercial benefits. The research group is interested in finding ways and means of generating and storing the energy produced by using fuel cells. In this paper, the research activities on fuel cell technology in Pakistan have been reviewed and it is also discussed how this technology can resolve the current energy crises in Pakistan and can be the source of sustainable energy. It has been also reviewed that the country would greatly benefit from fuel cells and fuel cell hybrid system (environmental friendly technology), which could be the best solution for electricity production as well for automobile industry.
Although transition-metal oxides offer the potential for intimate coupling of energy storage application and environmental sustainability, how to find the suitable relationship between materials structures and properties is still a problem to explore further applications. In this work, Jahn-Teller effects proved by Crystal Field Theory (CFT) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) are used to predict the electronic structures of MoO3 and MoO2 reasonably, such results guided us to design two more reasonable applications. On account of the metallicity tendency of MoO2 with a stronger electron mobility from band structure, MoO2/rGO/g-C3N4 composite was performed as a high-performance electrode in asymmetric supercapacitors (SCs). MoO2 with the assistance of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride and high conductivity graphene shows an enhanced capacity at 1700 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and cycling retention at 84% retention after 3000 cycles for supercapacitors, the corresponding assemble asymmetric devices shows a maximum power density of 6.25 kW kg−1 at an energy density of 16.0 W h kg−1. Furthermore, the proper band structure of MoO3 predicted by DFT calculation has guided MoO3/rGO composite as a photocatalyst to degrade tetracycline, which shows a high elimination efficiency of 90.6% within 2 h illumination of simulated solar light.
A micro-supercapacitor with a three-dimensional configuration has been fabricated using an ICP etching technique. Hydrous ruthenium oxide with a tubular morphology is successfully synthesized using a cathodic deposition technique with a Si micro prominence as a template. The desired tubular RuO2·xH2O architecture facilitates electrolyte penetration and proton exchange/diffusion. A single MEMS electrode is studied using cyclic voltammetry, and a specific capacitance of 99.3 mF cm−2 and 70 F g−1 is presented at 5 mV s−1 in neutral Na2SO4 solution. The accelerated cycle life is tested at 80 mV s−1, and satisfactory cyclability is observed. When placed on a chip, the symmetric cell exhibits good supercapacitor properties, and a specific capacitance as high as 23 mF cm−2 is achieved at 10 mA cm−2. Therefore, 3D MEMS microelectrode arrays with electrochemically deposited ruthenium oxide films are promising candidates for on-chip electrochemical micro-capacitor applications.
Nanoflower-like spinel lithium titanate is synthesized through combining sol/gel and hydrothermal process. The role of hydrothermally treating amorphous TiO2 beads under the additive of LiOH precursor can derive nanocrystalline spinel lithium titanate with nanoflower-like shape. Afterward, calcination helps the formation of nanoflower-like spinel lithium titanate. The crystalline structure and morphological observation of the as-synthesized nanoflower-like Li4Ti5O12 are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The nanoflower-like structure can be revealed through the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical performance is significantly improved by the architecture control. The nanoflower-like spinel lithium titanate shows outstanding cycling behavior of 148, 143, 141, 138, 133, 126, 118 mA h g−1 at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 C, respectively. The reversible capacity at 30 C even remains over 80% of that at 0.5 C. The superior C-rate performance is associated with the nanoflower-like structure, facilitating lithium transportation ability during cycling. It is believed that the novel self-assembled synthesis for nanoflower-like lithium titantate can exhibit an excellent cycling performance and can be a good candidate for the next-generation anode material of ultrahigh rate Li-ion batteries for the application of electric vehicles.
The Graphite/Silicon@reGO composite was synthesized via spray drying and subsequent annealing. According to XRD, Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR, graphene was demonstrated to be existed in the composite. Moreover, SEM and TEM were also used to illustrate the morphology of Graphite/Silicon@reGO. Used as anode for lithium-ion battery, it exhibited good cyclability with a high reversible charge capacity of 575.1mAhg−1 and showed a capacity retention ratio of 73.1% after 50 cycles at a current density of 50mAg−1. It also presented good rate capability at different rates of 50–1000mAg−1. EIS test showed that the composite electrode had a lower SEI resistance and charge-transfer resistance due to the existence of graphene.
To develop cost-effective membranes with low permeability of vanadium ions for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) application, an inexpensive precursor membrane material, chloromethylated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone ketone), is first prepared from poly(phthalazinone ether ketone ketone) with nitrobenzene as the solvent, and then reacted with trimethylamine to form quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether ketone ketone) (QAPPEKK) anion exchange membranes. At an ion exchange capacity of 1.56 mmol g−1, the QAPPEKK membrane shows much lower permeability of vanadium ions (0.17 × 10−4 cm min−1 for V3+ and 0.21 × 10−4 cm min−1 for VO2+) than that of Nafion117 membrane (1.34 × 10−4 cm min−1 for V3+ and 1.19 × 10−4 cm min−1 for VO2+), resulting in higher coulombic efficiency (99.4% at 80 mA cm−2). In addition, the energy efficiency of the VRB with QAPPEKK membrane is comparable to that of VRB with Nafion117 membrane. Moreover, the QAPPEKK membrane is stable in VO 2 + electrolyte, and exhibits good performance in the 100-cycle charge-discharge test of VRB.
Ultralong carbon coated TiO2 nanotube (500–1000nm) with well-crystallization has been synthesized via an efficient macromolecular-assisted method. Specifically, tubular TiO2 nanotube precursors synthesized via a hydrothermal method are firstly coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In the following crystallization heat-treatment process, PVP with a chain structure and suitable thickness restricts the stretching trend of inner TiO2 nanotube and carbonizes as high conductive substrate, finally helps nanotubes to avoid the collapse in heat-treatment. The conductive coating maintains the integrity of the electrode during the charge/discharge processes and promotes electron transport, the unique open channel structure of TiO2-B crystal gotten 400°C facilitates lithiation/delithiation paths of electrons and lithium ions, the tubular structure of TiO2 provides great electrode/electrolyte contact area. All of these factors are responsible for the remarkable rate capability (194mAhg−1 at 5C, 157mAhg−1 at 20C, 1C=334mAg−1) and high reversible charge/discharge capacity (154mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at 10C). The carbon coated TiO2 nanotube is superior to many reported TiO2 electrodes, which makes it hold great promise as an optional anode material for LIBs
As workers continue to grapple with the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, the crisis has shone a spotlight on nuclear reactors around the world. Harry Asada, the Ford Professor of Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and director of MIT’s d’Arbeloff Laboratory for Information Systems and Technology, says one of the major challenges for safety inspectors is identifying corrosion in the underground pipes of a reactor. Currently, plant inspectors use indirect methods to monitor buried piping: generating a voltage gradient to identify areas where pipe coatings may have corroded, and using ultrasonic waves to screen lengths of pipe for cracks. The only direct monitoring requires digging out the pipes and visually inspecting them—a costly and time-intensive operation.
A series of neodymium doped Li3V2−xNdx(PO4)3/C cathode materials have been successfully synthesized by a citric acid assisted sol–gel method. Nd doped samples (x ≤ 0.10) have well developed monoclinic structure of Li3V2(PO4)3 with enlarged unit cell volume. All samples present typical characteristics of paramagnetism in 4 < T ≤ 300 K, but the magnetic susceptibilities of Nd doped samples increase with Nd content (except for x = 0.15). Nd doped composites show better electrochemical property than that of the undoped one. Among them, the Li3V1.95Nd0.05(PO4)3/C displays the highest capacity and best cycle stability. The Li3V1.95Nd0.05(PO4)3/C presents the first discharge capacity of 129.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V, 21.7% higher than that of Li3V2(PO4)3/C. And no capacity loss occurs after 100 cycles. The high structural stability, low charge-transfer resistance and rapid Li+ diffusion due to the presence of Nd3+ are mainly responsible for the superior electrochemical performance of Nd doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials.