batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Deep Brain Stimulation has been used in the study of and for treating Parkinson’s Disease (PD) tremor symptoms since the 1980s. In the research reported here we have carried out a comparative analysis to classify tremor onset based on intraoperative microelectrode recordings of a PD patient’s brain Local Field Potential (LFP) signals. In particular, we compared the performance of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with two well known artificial neural network classifiers, namely a Multiple Layer Perceptron (MLP) and a Radial Basis Function Network (RBN). The results show that in this study, using specifically PD data, the SVM provided an overall better classification rate achieving an accuracy of 81% recognition.
For almost a decade the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in Oklahoma has been used as a field laboratory for the investigation of aspects of the remediation and restoration of oil and brine spills. Objectives of this work have included: (1) simplification of the remediation process and lowering the cost of remediation; (2) the development of methods to accelerate or jump-start the restoration process; and (3) determining appropriate metrics for assessing the status of soil ecosystem recovery. This research has resulted in a number of lessons learned that will be presented here which can be exported to other exploration and production sites, especially sites located in sensitive ecosystems. Key observations have included the role of a fertilizer amendment in linking the remediation and restoration process at an oil-impacted site, the use of nematodes as ecological indicators in the restoration of oil- and brine-impacted sites, and the development of a two-stage process for remediation of brine impacted sites that does not include significant use of gypsum.
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of comorbid mental disorders as well as the extent of psychosocial distress in patients with intracranial tumours and their partners during the early treatment phase. Moreover, we aimed to identify which events are experienced as most distressing in the context of the early diagnosis of brain cancer by patients and spouses.
Polyacrylate polymer is a promising polymer matrix for gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, in-situ polymerized poly(ethylene glycol phenyl etheracrylate) (PEGPEA) based GPE combined with 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (EC/DMC/EMC, 1:1:1 in volume) solvents was introduced. The maximum recoverable strain of the in-situ polymerized PEGPEA-GPE was up to 99%. The outstanding interfacial compatibility between PEGPEA-GPE and the lithium electrode was also obtained. Surprisingly, lithium dendrite was effectively suppressed in charge-discharge cycling because of polymer-enhanced solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and excellent contact interface. Furthermore, the PEGPEA-GPE exhibited wide electrochemical stability window up to 4.9 V versus Li+/Li, and achieved an ionic conductivity of 3.35 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C. When used as electrolyte, the Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2/PEGPEA-GPE/Li batteries showed high discharge capacity retention rate of 97.5% after 70 charge-discharge cycles and considerable discharge rate capability, i.e., 155 mAh g−1 0.2C, 142 mAh g−1 0.5C, 120 mAh g−1 1C, 60 mAh g−1 2C. These results demonstrate that this highly elastic in-situ polymerized PEGPEA-GPE is a potential electrolyte system for high-performance polymer electrolyte lithium-ion batteries and has excellent application prospects in wearable and flexible batteries.
Hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have usually been tested in half-cells by cycling between 0–2V, and is believed to exhibit low rate capability. However, we find that the specific capacity, the rate performance, and the cycling performance may all be severely underestimated with the traditional half-cell cycling evaluation method, due to premature truncation of part II of the capacity (part I is “sloping”, part II is “plateauing”, while part III is Na metal deposition). Here we introduce a sodium-matched SIB full-cell architecture, with newly developed hard carbon derived from macadamia shell (MHC) as anode and Na [ Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 ] O 2 (NCNFM) as the cathode material, with anode/cathode areal capacity ratio of 1.02–1.04. Our carefully balanced full-cells exhibit a cell-level theoretical specific energy of 215Whkg−1 at C/10 and 186Whkg−1 at 1C based on cathode-active and anode-active material weights, and an outstanding capacity retention of 70% after 1300 cycles ( ∼ 2000 h ). Traditional half-cell test (THT) of MHC using superabundant Na metal counter electrode shows only 51.7mAhg−1 capacity at 1C, and appears to die in no more than 100h due to low open-circuit voltage slope and large polarization. A revised half-cell test (RHT) which shows much better agreements with full-cell test results, delivers a specific capacity of 314mAhg−1, with an initial Coulombic efficiency of ∼ 91.4 % , which is comparable to that of graphite anode in lithium-ion batteries.
The MoS2/graphene composites were synthesized by a hydrothermal route in the presence of graphene oxide sheets with assistance from poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The results of characterizations show that the MoS2/graphene composites exhibit a graphene-like morphology with interconnected network, in which single- or few-layer MoS2 sheets are homogenously dispersed and well anchored on the graphene surface. The robust heterostructure and morphology of MoS2/graphene composites can not only provide more sites and channels for lithium ion accommodation and diffusion, but also facilitate electrolyte access. The heterostructure also maximizes the synergistic effects between MoS2 and graphene. Therefore, MoS2/graphene composites exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performances for reversible lithium storage. In particular, the MoS2/graphene composite prepared with monomer concentration of PDDA being 0.02molL−1 exhibits a reversible capacity of 1100mAhg−1 with enhanced rate capability. The reversible capacity of 856mAhg−1 after 900 cycles at 500mAg−1 can be remained, indicating its excellent cyclic stability.
It's crucial to improve the electronic conductivity, active sites and structural stability of transition-metal sulfides for better performance. Herein, hexagonal-phase NiS octahedrons were obtained through phase transition and co-modified by multidimensional carbon, i.e. 0D carbon QDs, 1D CNTs, and 2D reduced graphene oxide (NiS@C QDs-CNTs-rGO). It delivers a significantly enhanced specific capacity of 241 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and capacity of 149 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, superior to its counterparts with other phases NiS2@CNTs-rGO (154 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, 52 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and Ni7S6@CNTs-rGO (167 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, 124 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1). Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) assembled by NiS@C QDs-CNTs-rGO and graphene hydrogel achieve a remarkable cycling stability (capacity retention of 82% after 5000 cycles). XPS results confirm that strong CS bonds exist between carbon matrix and NiS NPs, which stabilizes structural stability and thus leading to excellent long-term cycling stability. The excellent electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the improved conductivity and structural stability, the co-modified 0D, 1D, and 2D carbon structures, and strong CS bonds between active material and carbon matrix.
SnO2 is one of the promising anode materials for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. The main challenges of SnO2 include large volume change during cycling, partially reversibility between SnO2 and Sn, and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase. Herein, we demonstrate a novel structure design of SnO2-based anode, in which SnO2 nanoparticles are embedded in a hierarchical porous carbon framework and further coated by the uniform Nitrogen-doped carbon layer. The hierarchical porous carbon framework can provide void space for the SnO2 expansion, while the Nitrogen-doped carbon coating can act as a buffer layer to reduce the amount of irreversible solid-electrolyte interphase. This peculiar structure can also build highly conductive network, and promote the reversible conversion from Sn to SnO2 by preventing the agglomeration of the intermediate Sn product. Therefore, the obtained SnO2@HPC@NC composite exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and superior long-term stability over 500 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Na3V2(PO4)3 of the rhombohedral NASICON structure has been prepared via solid state carbothermal reduction reaction assisted by mechanochemical activation. As a cathode material for hybrid lithium ion batteries, Na3V2(PO4)3 exhibits an initial specific discharge capacity of 114.2 mAh g−1 in the voltage range between 2.5 V and 4.6 V, with a long discharge plateau near 3.7 V versus lithium metal. Approximately 3% of the discharge specific capacity is lost over the first 3 cycles at a current rate of 0.1 C. Then, the capacity appears to stabilize with the discharge specific capacity retention of 97.4% over the following 97 cycles. The material also exhibits good rate performance. Reversible capacities of 107.0 mAh g−1 at a 1 C rate, 100.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 84.4 mAh g−1 at 10 C have been obtained. The preliminary results prove that Na3V2(PO4)3 is a new promising material for hybrid lithium ion batteries.
Thirty-four-day treatment program clients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to a computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR) group or a wait-list Control group. CACR clients received 16 CACR sessions over an 8-week period. Measures of cognitive functioning, negative symptoms and self-esteem were administered at the beginning and end of this period. CACR clients showed greater improvement in cognitive functioning (verbal memory and attention) and negative symptoms. Symptom reduction was not mediated by raised self-esteem. CACR's effects may go beyond cognitive remediation to include some of the most disabling and refractory clinical features of schizophrenia.
The Li–O2 batteries (LOBs) have arouse worldwide interests due to their superior energy density and environmental sustainability. The researches on Li–O2 battery electrocatalysts can contribute to the development of Li–O2 batteries. Among various catalysts, Co3O4 has arouse some interests owing to its high abundance, low cost and bifunctional activity. In this study, a vacancy engineering method was adopted to tune the contents of oxygen vacancy and metal ion vacancy in 2D micro-assembly Co3O4 nanosheets through changing annealing temperature. The synergistic effects of mesoporous morphology, oxygen vacancy and higher Co3+ content induce the best cycle performances of the Li–O2 cell, because structural defects can create a pathway for O2 to enter the interior of the 2D micro-assembly Co3O4 nanosheets, serve as active sites and thus accelerate ORR, and the diffusion of oxygen and electrolyte can be assisted by mesopores in Co3O4 nanosheets to prevent channel clogging by discharge products and facilitate rapid mass of oxygen and lithium ions, and the large surface area of nanosheets can accommodate substantial discharge products. This work offers new horizons in the consideration and design of transition-metal oxides as cathode materials for LOBs.
The evolution of mobile devices has triggered the appearance of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs). IPAs are software agents used to support users to fulfill several daily actions. They are supposed to be intelligent in such a way that allows them to give their owners advices about many different subjects. To do so, IPAs must learn about their user behavior and routines. With the current state of the art technologies, scenarios of ubiquitous communication can be created. One of the potential enablers for those scenarios is the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm where machines with decision support systems interact and communicate among them. In an IoT environment, IPAs can interact with other smart objects in order to gain new knowledge and awareness about their users. This paper proposes a novel IoT-based mobile gateway solution for mobile health (m-Health) scenarios. This gateway autonomously collects information about the user/patient location, heart rate, and possible fall detection. Moreover, it forwards the collected information to a caretaker IPA, in real time, that will manage a set of actions and alarms appropriately. The algorithms used for each mobile gateway service, and the scenarios where the mobile gateway acts as a communication channel or a smart object are also addressed on this paper.
Phosphorylethanolamine (PHOS) doped carbon nanotube (CNT) is newly suggested as a catalyst for enhancing the redox reactions of vanadium ions and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) performance. For synthesizing the catalyst, CNT is linked to the phosphate group of the PHOS, forming phosphate functionalized carbon nanotube (POH-CNT). Its catalytic activity is then compared with those of pure CNT and carboxylic acid functionalized CNT (CA-CNT) catalysts. Regarding the redox reactivity of vanadium ions, POH-CNT exhibits superior catalytic activity and reaction reversibility for VO2+/VO2 + reaction to CNT and CA-CNT because of (i) the chelation ability of phosphate group, (ii) its low electron delocalization capability and (iii) its high acid dissociation constant. By the role as chelating agent of phosphate group, the density of active sites for reaction of VO2+ and VO2 + ions in POH-CNT increase. Also, the low electron delocalization and high acid dissociation constant induce effective adsorption and desorption of VO2+ and VO2 + ions. Such effects facilitate the VO2+/VO2 + reaction. In contrast, regarding V2+/V3+ reaction, POH-CNT shows equivalent reactivity to CA-CNT because phosphate and carboxyl groups form similar active sites for the V2+/V3+ reaction. The above results are supported by calculating kinetic parameters, such as charge transfer resistance and diffusion coefficient, while chemical bonding of the catalysts is examined by XPS. Finally, as the POH-CNT is used as catalyst for positive electrode prompting the VO2+/VO2 + reaction, performance of VRFB single cell is improved.
Materials in the Na-rich antiperovskite family are promising candidates as solid electrolytes (SEs) for all-solid-state Na-ion batteries (NIBs). In this work, we carry out ab-initio calculations to study various properties of Na 3 OCl , namely the formation energies of various neutral defect pairs, the defect hopping barriers, the solution energies of high valence alkali earth metal substitutes to the Na atoms, and the effect of such substitution to the Na migration. While the introduction of alkali earth metal ions increases the Na vacancy concentration, the activation energy of Na transport also increases. Furthermore, we identify Ca as the most promising alkali earth metal to be doped into Na 3 OCl due to its low binding energy and relatively small impact on the migration barrier. Our work provides a theoretical framework for further improving the Na conductivity of materials in the antiperovskite family for all-solid-state NIBs.
Silicon is expected to play a major role in the development of the next generation lithium-ion batteries. However, high volume expansion (∼300%) and kinetic sluggishness make it a commercially unviable standalone anode material. To mitigate these issues, we present a novel approach of making nano-porous silicon from readily-available hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy through an industrially scalable de-alloying process. We provide key insights into this novel process through the first principle calculations, taking into account various thermodynamic and kinetic effects. Under identical test conditions, commercial silicon sustains only 40 cycles, while nano-porous silicon has no issues until the test terminates at 300 cycles. We also present a strong case for the economic viability of the lithium-ion batteries with nano-porous silicon anode in the automobiles industry based on cost-savings in various front and enhancements in key performance metrics.
Accurate capacity estimation of lithium-ion batteries is a crucial challenge, especially in the presence of noise in the acquisition sensors. This paper developed an online capacity estimation technique based on the joint estimation algorithms for lithium-ion batteries. The recursive least squares algorithm is used for parameter identification, and the adaptive H ∞ filter is responsible for capacity estimation. In order to solve the problem that the capacity and state of charge will affect each other and cause the convergence speed to slow down, the open circuit voltage at the current sampling instant is expressed as the equation of open circuit voltage and capacity at the previous sampling instant. Therefore, the capacity can be treated as a state, as well as the open circuit voltage, rather than state of charge to be estimated through the adaptive H ∞ filter. The capacity estimation error based on recursive least squares and adaptive H ∞ filter is also deduced in this study. The simulation results indicate that the estimated capacity can quickly converge to the reference capacity in case the initial parameter values are inaccurate. Moreover, the erroneous initial parameters have a greater impact than the sensor noises on the capacity estimation error.
Metal-free heteroatom-doped porous carbons such as N, P co-doped nanoporous carbon materials with designed properties are attracting increased attention for metal-air battery applications. Herein, we report a general approach to synthesizing highly branched N, P co-doped carbon nanotube cluster (NPCTC) derived from metal-organic frameworks as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. NPCTC were obtained by treating ZIF-8 with butyl methylphosphinate, followed by two-step pyrolysis. Benefiting from the cross-linking polymerization and self-aggregation between ZIF-8 and the monomer, the resulting NPCTC exhibited higher mechanical stability and strength. Although the wall thickness was <5 nm, no obvious shrinkage and collapse were observed after graphitization, thereby maximizing the exposure of the active sites. Studies of oxygen electrocatalysis demonstrate that the NPCTC can deliver outstanding bifunctional performance with a more positive half-wave potential, higher limiting current density for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than Pt/C, and lower onset potential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than IrO2. Homemade Zn-air battery exhibited stable charge-discharge durability over 180 cycles, with an overpotential increase of only 0.15 V. The improved electrochemical performance was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of N, P co-doping and the distinct geometry of NPCTC, i.e., three-dimensionally interconnected hollow ultrathin nanotube branches facilitating electron and mass transfer.
A novel lanthanum phosphate and carbon co-coated LiFePO4 cathode material successfully prepared via liquid-phase precipitation reaction combined with carbothermal reduction method has been studied in Li+ ion batteries. The LiFePO4 electrode modified by carbon layer deposited with appropriate amount of lanthanum phosphate shows higher reversible capacity and stable cycle performance compared with the LiFePO4/C electrode. These superior performances are owing to the good conductivity and stability of the hybrid coating layer which enhances the electron and Li+ ion transport on the surface of the LiFePO4 material, thus elevates the transfer kinetics of the electrode. The LiFePO4/C-LaPO4 (4.0mol%) electrode showed a stable cyclability and the highest capacity among all the LiFePO4/C-xLaPO4 samples. The initial discharge capacity of the LiFePO4/C-LaPO4 (4.0mol%) electrode was 150.7, 142.3, 116.6 and 80.3mAhg−1 at 1, 2, 5 and 10C rates, respectively.
Commercial lithium-ion battery cells are exposed to a controlled propane fire in order to evaluate heat release rate (HRR), emission of toxic gases as well as cell temperature and voltage under this type of abuse. The study includes six abuse tests on cells having lithium–iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes and, as a comparison, one test on conventional laptop battery packs with cobalt based cathode. The influence of different state of charge (SOC) is investigated and a limited study of the effect of water mist application is also performed. The total heat release (THR) per battery energy capacity are determined to be 28–75 kJ Wh−1 and the maximum HRR values to 110–490 W Wh−1. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is found in the released gases for all tests but no traceable amounts of phosphorous oxyfluoride (POF3) or phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) are detected. An extrapolation of expected HF emissions for a typical automotive 10 kWh battery pack exposed to fire gives a release of 400–1200 g HF. If released in a confined environment such emissions of HF may results in unacceptable exposure levels.
Multiple organizations and task forces have called for a reliable and valid method to identify older drivers who are medically unfit to drive. The development of a clinical decision rule for this type of screening requires data from a longitudinal prospective cohort of older drivers. The aim of this article is to identify potential design, sampling and data collection barriers to such studies based on an analysis of the Canadian Safe Driving Study—phase I pilot (Candrive I). A convenience sample of 100 active older drivers aged 70years or more was recruited through the aid of a seniors’ organization, 94 of whom completed the full study (retention rate 94%). Data were collected over the course of 1year on various driving behaviours, as well as on cognitive, physical and mental functioning. Driving patterns were recorded using driving diaries, logs and electronic devices. Driving records from the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) were obtained for the 3-year period preceding the study initiation and up to 1year following study completion. An increased burden of illness was observed as the number of medical diagnoses and medication use increased over the study period. Study participants were involved in a total of five motor vehicle collisions identified through MTO records, which was comparable to the Ontario annual collision rate of 4.1% for drivers aged 75years or older. In sum, many of the relevant logistical and practical barriers to studying a large sample of older drivers longitudinally have been shown to be addressable, supporting the feasibility of completing a large prospective cohort study of older drivers.
Freestanding hierarchical porous assemblies of commercial TiO2 nanocrystals and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as electrode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are prepared via modified vacuum filtration, free-drying and annealing. Microstructure characterizations reveal that TiO2 nanocrystals are confined in hierarchically porous, highly electrically conductive and mechanically robust MWCNTs networks with cross-linking of thermally-treated bovine serum albumin. The hierarchical porous architecture not only enables rapid charge transportation and sufficient interaction between electrode and electrolyte, but also guarantees abundant interfacial sites for Na+ adsorption, which benefits substantial contribution from pseudocapacitive Na storage. When it is used directly as an anode for sodium-ion batteries, the prepared electrode delivers high specific capacity of 100mAhg−1 at a current density of 3000mAg−1, and 150mAhg−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 500mAg−1. The low-cost TiO2-based freestanding anode has large potential application in high-performance SIBs for portable, flexible and wearable electronics.