batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Background Third-generation rotary blood pumps have magnetically levitated rotors that eliminate mechanical wear over the years. Together with their potential for miniaturization, these pumps seem suitable for long-term support of patients with a wide range of body surface areas (BSA). Recently, the novel HVAD pump (HeartWare Inc, Framingham, MA), a miniaturized centrifugal pump with a hydrodynamic, magnetically levitated rotor, became ready for clinical application. Methods In a multi-institutional trial in Europe and Australia, 23 patients (mean age, 47.9 ± 12 years) in end-stage heart failure were enrolled in 5 centers. The primary end point of the bridge-to-transplant study was survival to heart transplant or survival to 180 days on the device, whichever occurred first. Follow-up data at 1 year are presented. The small size of the device allows for intrapericardial placement of the pump. Results Implant procedures were generally fast and uneventful. Mean duration of support was 167 ± 143 days (range, 13–425 days), and mean blood flow provided by the pump was 6.1 ± 1.1 liters/min. At the 180-day end point, 2 patients had undergone successful transplant at 157 and 175 days, 2 patients died while on the device, and 19 patients continued pump support for more than 180 days. Actuarial survival after 6 months was 91% and was 86% at the 1-year follow-up. Conclusions The design of the HVAD pump enables a quick and less invasive implantation. The results to date demonstrate satisfactory long-term survival with excellent quality of life in this cohort of 23 patients of the initial multi-institutional Conformité Européene (CE) mark trial.
This paper studies the electrochemical behaviour of activated carbons with different oxygen content and investigates the contribution of pseudocapacitance to the global behaviour of the samples. A mesophase-derived activated carbon was further heat treated to 600 or 1000°C in nitrogen. The changes in texture and surface chemistry induced by the thermal treatment were deeply studied. The electrochemical behaviour of the samples was studied in two- and three-electrode cells. The contribution of pseudocapacitance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and by the differences of specific capacitance obtained from galvanostatic tests performed in acidic (H2SO4) and basic (KOH) media. The presence of an extra capacitance due to redox reactions has been proved both in acidic and basic media for the samples with high oxygen content, although its contribution in basic media is significantly lower. The results obtained clearly indicate that the oxygen responsible for CO-evolution participates in redox reactions, whereas the oxygen responsible for the CO2-evolution is of minor importance.
Electropolymerization of aniline on poly(o-aminophenol)(POAP)-coated gold and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrodes yields polyaniline(PANI)/POAP two-layer composite films, exhibiting reversible redox functions in aqueous acidic solution. The PANI deposition on the POAP-coated electrodes was monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry. CV results show that PANI/POAP composite films exhibit better stability as compared to PANI films during potential cycling in aqueous acidic solutions. Characteristic UV–vis and Raman features of the composite films have been identified and their dependencies on the electrode potential are discussed. They were significantly different from the corresponding spectral characteristics of PANI and POAP films alone.
Numerical models for battery management systems must be computationally efficient with enough accuracy for predictive usage when the vehicle is operating. For electric vehicles (EVs), this requires accounting for capacity offset, temperature dependency, and battery aging effects. This effort provides an enhanced formulation of Peukert's equation including temperature effects and the inclusion of an absolute capacity that is calibrated to five different cathodes (LiCoO2, LiCoNiAlO2, LiNiMnCoO2, LiMnNiO2, and LiFePO4) with two types of crystal structures (layered and olivine) from four manufacturers. After data collection using a Vencon battery analyzer and two thermistors measuring self-heating temperature swings, the results demonstrate that the model works relatively well in predicting the State of Charge curve. As expected, the capacity specific parameter is near unity when simulating low offset olivine compounds; whereas, the temperature dependent variable illustrates a wide-range of values with cobalt constituted chemistries on the higher end. Additionally, the model tends to perform better for non-spinel compounds and that manufacturer specified nominal capacities are around 95–99% of the model defined absolute capacity. Overall, the technique of separating current and temperature based phenomena and recognizing modeled patterns that align with current literature are useful steps in developing an efficient battery model.
Stack and vehicle performance, design for manufacturing, and design for environment principles are used to develop bipolar plate design requirements and analyze design concepts for PEM fuel cells. Specifically, a list of 18 requirements identified in the literature is extended to 51 requirements and design rules. Given these design requirements, engineering characteristics or metrics used to indicate how well different bipolar plate designs meet each requirement and related targets and benchmarks are identified. Next, a subset of the engineering characteristics are used to evaluate six example bipolar plate designs made from graphite, stainless steel, and carbon composite in solid and integrated cooling configurations for a specific hybrid vehicle. For the case study of bipolar plates, correlations are interpreted for the considering relationships to compressive strength, the mass of the bipolar and cooling plates, the size of the stack required to move the ‘generic vehicle’, stack volume, disassembly efficiency, and select manufacturability metrics. Also, advantages and disadvantages specific to materials and design configurations are presented and discussed. Finally, power density and specific volume without consideration for vehicle performance was found not to be enough to assess the case study plates and, because of their common use in assessing fuel cell system design, is an important conclusion of this research.
The electrochemical reactivity of the layered titanium hydrogeno phosphate Ti(HPO4)2·H2O versus lithium has been studied. Lithium intercalation occurs at ∼2.5V with low polarization, leading to a new lithiated Ti(III) phase, LiTi(HPO4)2·H2O. Ti(HPO4)2·H2O exhibits a reversible capacity of 80mAhg−1 in the voltage window 1.8–3.5V at C/10 rate. The stable reversible capacity reveals that the presence of H2O lattice is not affecting the electrochemical reaction. The reversibility of the reaction is demonstrated by extracting lithium from LiTi(HPO4)2·H2O and the host structure is intact. The electrochemical behaviour of dehydrated phases Ti(HPO4)2 and TiP2O7 has also been investigated.
Hierarchical plush polypyrrole (PPy) layers intercalated graphene sheets have been prepared by in-situ intercalative chemical polymerization. The as-prepared graphene/PPy nanocomposites have been successfully characterized in terms of composition, morphology, and electrochemical properties. It was found that the chemically modified graphene nanosheets and in-situ polymerized PPy layers formed uniform nanocomposites with homogeneous PPy layers intercalated between the graphene substrates. Such uniform nanostructure together with the observed high conductivities (the highest 1980Sm−1) afforded the graphene/PPy composites with high specific capacitance and good cycling stability during the charge–discharge process when used as supercapacitor electrodes. The graphene/PPy (with optimized composition 10:1) based supercapacitors display intriguing performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 650Fg−1 at 0.45Ag−1 current density, a highest energy density of 54.0Whkg−1 at 1mA current, and a highest power density of 778.1Wkg−1 at 5mA current. Furthermore, the graphene/PPy supercapacitor exhibits an excellent cycling stability with 95% specific capacitance retained after 5000 cycles. The impressive results presented here may open the window for grapheme/PPy composites for their promising applications in high energy density storage system.
Uncontrollable lithium (Li) dendrite growth has hampered the application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a novel plastic crystal composite polymer electrolyte (nh-CPE) consisting of multifunctional two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and ion-conducting one-dimensional (1D) surfactant oxidized cellulose nanocrystal (OCNC) is developed to overcome this challenge. The nh-CPE possesses good Li-dendrite-suppressing ability, which is attributed to the well-designed three-dimensional (3D) ion conducting network constructed by homogeneously dispersed MoS2 and OCNC. This structure facilitates Li-ion conductivity and enables uniform Li deposition on the anode. Moreover, the impermeable MoS2 nano-flakes with excellent mechanical strength serve as physical barriers to hold the electrolyte-electrode interface stability and consequently block Li dendrite growth and enhance fire retardancy. When applied in LMB, the nh-CPE exhibits excellent cycle performance and rate capability, with 90% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C and 60 °C, and a discharge capacity of 128 mAh g−1 at 1 C. Notably, owing to high room-temperature ionic conductivity (0.8 mS cm−1), the cell with nh-CPE cycled at room temperature delivers an initial discharge capacity of 144 mAh g−1. The outstanding performance and simple process offer great opportunity to promote Li-dendrite-suppressing LMBs for practical application.
The road testing and demonstration of a three-wheeler vehicle driven by a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was carried out in the absence and presence of lead acid batteries. Prior to integrating the PEMFC module and batteries in the three-wheeler, they were tested and demonstrated separately. The PEMFC module had a very fast response as the load was manually or, especially, automatically changed and it could supply a continuous power when the reactant was supplied continuously. In contrast, the 5 kW lead acid batteries alone could supply power for no longer than 300 s. In the presence of both the PEMFC module and batteries, when the drawing power was in the range of the PEMFC module capacity the propulsion motor gained its energy from the PEMFC module only, whilst the stack power output at all conditions was greater than the setting power of approximately 400 W. After integrating the PEMFC module and batteries into the three-wheeler, both energy sources were found to power the vehicle effectively. The motor power as well as the stack power changed as a linear proportion to the throttle. The motor consumed more power in case of high speed driving, take off or hill climbing, while it used only 0.354 kW in the absence of throttle. The hybrid system can achieve a maximum speed in this three-wheeler of around 24.9 km/h with a hydrogen consumption of 11 g H2/km (71 g H2/kWh) and an operating cost of 1.99 USD/km. The thermodynamic efficiency of the vehicle was 42.9%.
As with all redox flow batteries, the Vanadium Redox flow Battery (VRB) can suffer from capacity loss as the vanadium ions diffuse at different rates leading to a build-up on one half-cell and dilution on the other. In this paper an extended dynamic model of the vanadium ion transfer is developed including the effect of temperature and bulk electrolyte transfer. The model is used to simulate capacity decay for a range of different ion exchange membranes that are being used in the VRB. The simulations show that Selemion CMV and Nafion 115 membranes have similar behavior where the impact of temperature on capacity loss is highest within the first 100 cycles. The results for Selemion AMV membrane however are seen to be very different where the capacity loss at different temperatures observed to increase linearly with increasing charging/discharging cycles. The model is made more comprehensive by including the effect of bulk electrolyte transfer. A volume change of 19% is observed in each half-cell for Nafion 115 membrane based on the simulation parameters. The effect of this change in volume directly affects concentration, and the characteristics are analyzed for each vanadium species as well as the overall concentration in the half-cells.
The effect of 2,3-epoxypropyl methanesulfonate (OMS) as an electrolyte additive for lithium ion batteries (graphite/NCM) has been investigated. Incorporation of OMS improves the discharge capacity retention by 8% and increases the coulombic efficiency by 2% compared to cells containing standard electrolyte for cells cycled at 55 °C. Electrochemical measurements suggest that OMS reacts on the surface of the graphite anode modifying the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been conducted to investigate the surface chemistry of electrodes cycled with OMS. Surface analysis suggests that lithium alkylsulfonates, the decomposition products of OMS, play a critical role in enhancing the SEI thermal stability and improving capacity retention.
Herein, we propose a novel and green strategy to convert crop stalks waste into hierarchical porous carbon composites for electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries. In the method, the sustainable crop stalks, an abundant agricultural byproduct, is recycled and treated by a simple and clean chemical activation process. Afterwards, the obtained porous template is adopted for large-scale production of high-performance anode and cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Due to the large surface area, hierarchical porous structures and subsize of the functional particles, the electrode materials manifest excellent electrochemical performance. In particular, the prepared TiO2/C composite presents a reversible specific capacity of 203mAhg−1 after 200 cycles. Our results demonstrate that the sheetlike composites show remarkable cycling stability, high specific capacity and excellent rate ability, and thus hold promise for commercializing the high-performance electrode materials as the advanced lithium-ion batteries.
This paper proposes an energy management strategy for a residential microgrid comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels and a small wind turbine. The microgrid is connected to the main grid, allowing for a controlled power exchange through a battery system and its control strategy. As input data, the proposed control strategy uses the battery state of charge (SOC), the power at each microgrid node as well as the load and renewable generation forecasts. By using forecasted data and correcting any forecasting errors according to the SOC of the battery, the strategy manages to make a better use of the battery resulting in a better grid power profile. The simulation of the system using a one-year data period shows that the proposed energy management strategy results in a better grid power profile for a given storage system when compared with other state-of-the-art strategies. Finally, the proposed strategy was experimentally validated in the microgrid built in the Renewable Energy Laboratory at the UPNa.
L’objectif De notre travail était de confirmer une intoxication au plomb des populations d’un quartier de Dakar qui vivaient des produits de la récupération du plomb. Méthodologie L’étude a été menée de Mars à Mai 2008 suite une série de décès d’enfants dans ce quartier. Nous avons sélectionné les mères et les enfants issus de famille où il avait été enregistré un décès d’enfant de moins de 5 ans entre novembre 2007 et Mars 2008. Au total 71 sujets ont été sélectionnés. Chez eux nous avons dosé la plombémie, la Protoporphyrine-Zinc et l’Acide Delta-Amino lévulinique Déshydratase urinaire. Sur un autre plan, des échantillons de sable et d’eau ont été prélevés au niveau de la zone d’exploitation et dans les habitations pour être analysés. Résultats La teneur en plomb du sol était variaient de 3 993 mg/kg à 126 840 mg/kg alors que celle de l’eau fluctuait entre 31 à 1 080 mg/l. La plombémie moyenne était de 1299 μg/L chez les enfants et de 775 μg/L pour les mères. Ces résultats confirmaient un saturnisme chronique lié à cette activité de recyclage de batteries. Conclusion Cette étude met en exergue le lien étroit entre la pollution de l’environnement et la santé des populations qui constitue actuellement un nouveau défi pour les pays en développement comme le Sénégal.
Prussian blue and its analogues have attracted tremendous interests as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries because of their low cost and high capacity. However, their commercial applications are hindered by low capacity utilization and insufficient cycle life. Here, we report on a MnCoNi-co-doped Prussian blue analogue with high purity and crystallinity by a citrate-assisted controlled crystallization process. Moreover, a novel strategy of in situ capturing for residual coordinated water during sodiation/desodiation process is proposed to achieve a high cyclability by using the aluminium chloride Lewis acid as electrolyte additive. The reversible cubic-rhombohedral phase transition is revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transient electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The MnCoNi-co-doped composite delivers a capacity of 111 mAh g−1 even at 1C and retains a capacity retention of 78.7% after 1500 cycles for sodium ion batteries. This work provides important insights on eliminating the parasitical coordinated water in lattice and modulating the crystallinity to develop high-performance Prussian blue and its analogues.
The search for an appropriate flexible cathode is pivotal to expediting the development of flexible and foldable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we demonstrate a simple and scalable synthesis of hierarchical V2O5 nanosheet arrays on polydopamine (PDA)-decorated carbon cloth with strong combination between them, which then directly applied as flexible cathode for LIBs. We found this flexible cathode with a loading mass of 2.1 mg cm−2 can deliver a high specific capacity of 120 mAh g−1 even at 15C (1C = 300 mA g−1) and maintain a long-term cycling stability, i.e. simply 0.30% capacity loss per cycle at 2C for 100 cycles without morphology change. More importantly, the corresponding areal capacity can reach as high as 560 μAh cm−2 at 210 μA cm−2, favorably comparing with the-state-of-art flexible cathode reported to date. Additionally, a flexible LIBs full cell has been assembled, exhibiting high mechanical strength and superior electrochemical performances.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of nociceptive synaptic transmission induced by high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) predominantly modulates natural somatosensory perceptions mediated by Aδ- and Aβ-fibers in humans at the site of conditioning stimulation. The relative contribution of homo- and heterosynaptic mechanisms underlying those perceptual changes remained unclear. We therefore compared changes of the somatosensory profile between a conditioned skin site (homotopic zone) and an area adjacent to conditioning HFS (heterotopic zone). HFS of the ventral forearm in 24 healthy subjects (mean pain 41/100) led to an abrupt increase of pain to single electrical test stimuli (pain at baseline 13/100) delivered through the same electrode (homotopic pain LTP; +81%, p <0.001). Pain LTP was accompanied by similar changes to natural stimuli at both the homo- and heterotopic zones: a significant decrease of pain threshold and an increase of pain sensation to suprathreshold pinprick stimuli (punctate mechanical hyperalgesia; p <0.001) as well as pain to light tactile stimuli (dynamic mechanical allodynia; p <0.01). Changes at the heterotopic zone were about 30% less than at the homotopic conditioned zone, but they were highly correlated between both zones for suprathreshold painful stimuli (r =0.85–0.90) and for pain thresholds (r =0.51–0.66). Moreover, a small decrease of thresholds to blunt pressure was found at both zones (p <0.05). Pain summation (windup ratio), mechanical detection threshold as well as vibration detection threshold remained unchanged. Because none of the changes in sensory parameters was unique for the site of conditioning stimulation, these data suggest that heterosynaptic interactions are the predominant mechanism of LTP in nociceptive pathways.
This paper discusses equivalent-circuit modeling of the electrochemical impedance corresponding to one-dimensional diffusion in a uniform medium. It argues that, of the several equivalent circuits in use for such modeling, one – namely the nonuniform resistance–capacitance ladder – has attractive properties that are not shared by any other equivalent circuit. Explicit, analytical expressions are derived for the efficient development of this ladder equivalent, which provide advantages compared to computer optimization. Although the context of this work is battery modeling, the results presented can be of value in other fields where diffusion is studied and modeled.
Presenting Author details:levkovit@netvision.net.il Alyat Hanoar, 94 Hod Hasaron, Israel, Tel.: +972 3 6354371; fax: +972 9 7405452. Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by negative symptoms and cognitive deficits related to rehabilitation outcome and quality of life. Current antipsychotics have a limited effect on these core symptoms, encouraging the development of drugs specifically targeting negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline, which has a beneficial effect in various neurological disorders. Recent findings from animal models of schizophrenia and case reports of human patients point towards minocycline's potential for the treatment of schizophrenia Methods: The current study examined the efficacy of minocycline as add-on treatment for alleviating negative and cognitive symptoms in early-phase schizophrenia. A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used. Consenting schizophrenia patients were randomly allocated to minocycline (n=36) or placebo (n=18) treatments. Subjects were followed-up for 6 months during which they underwent clinical and cognitive evaluations using a computerized assessment battery. Results: Minocycline was well tolerated with few adverse events. It showed a beneficial effect on negative symptoms and general outcome, evident in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and insight scores. A similar pattern was found for cognitive functioning, mainly in executive functions (working memory, cognitive shifting and planning). Conclusions: Minocycline affected negative symptoms and executive functioning, both related to frontal lobe activity. These findings may be related to the effect of minocycline on the glutamatergic system, through inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and blocking of NO-induced neurotoxicity. The dopaminergic system may also be involved, as minocycline attenuates dopamine increase following NMDA antagonist administration. Overall, the findings support the beneficial effect of minocycline add on therapy in early phase schizophrenia. Acknowledgement: Stanley Research Foundation.
The potential of nanotechnology and nanocomposites in various sectors of research and application is promising and attracting increasing investment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the preparation of nanomaterials from different cellulosic sources including wood. The transformation of cellulose down to the nanoscale endow these nanomaterials with new properties that give cellulose many new industrial applications in different fields, and an overview of the sound markets that can be impacted by cellulose nanomaterials is provided.