batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Development of facile and scalable synthesis process for the fabrication of nanoporous carbon materials with large specific surface areas, well-defined nanostructure, and high electrochemical activity is critical for the high performance energy storage applications. The key issue is the dedicated balance between the ultrahigh surface area and highly porous but interconnected nanostructure. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of new sulfur doped nanoporous carbon sphere (S-NCS) with the ultrahigh surface area up to 3357 m2 g−1 via a high-temperature hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent KOH activation process. The as-prepared S-NCS which integrates the advantages of ultrahigh porous structure, well-defined nanospherical and modification of heteroatom displays excellent electrochemical performance. The best performance is obtained on S-NCS prepared by the hydrothermal carbonization of sublimed sulfur and glucose, S-NCS-4, reaching a high specific capacitance (405 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding cycle stability. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor is assembled by S-NCS-4 displays a superior energy density of 53.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 74.2 W kg−1 in 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DEC. The synthesis method is simple and scalable, providing a new route to prepare highly porous and heteroatom-doped nanoporous carbon spheres for high performance energy storage applications.
The capacity intermittent titration technique (CITT) has been developed on basis of the ratio of the potentio-charge capacity to the galvano-charge capacity (RPG) method to determine continuously the solid diffusion coefficient D of the intercalary species within insertion-host materials. In experiment, CITT is based on the capacity response of galvano–potentio-charge in a small voltage region. In theory, CITT is based on the linear equations of D versus q (value of RPG) in different range of q. By the CITT, the Li+ solid diffusion coefficients within LiMn2O4 have been determined at different voltages and different galvano-charge currents. Results shows that the order of magnitude of D varies non-linearly with the “W” shape from 10−9 to 10−11 cm2 s−1 in the voltage range from 3.3 to 4.3V. The galvano-charge current also leads to the error due to the semi-conductive character of LiMn2O4, and the maximal error may reach as much as one order of magnitude. In addition, the main approximations that lead to errors of CITT are qualitatively analyzed.
This presentation continues the study of the dynamic characteristics of lead–acid batteries previously reported into larger cells and batteries. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with fuzzy logic methodology of data analysis was used to characterize 6V 10Ah VRLA batteries and larger batteries used in tanks and other vehicles. Equivalent circuits were derived which can be used to estimate state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health.
Three-dimensional porous Cu film is prepared for the first time by electroless plating. Sn–Co alloy is electrodeposited on the porous Cu film to fabricate porous Sn–Co alloy electrode. SEM images evidence that porous Sn–Co alloy electrode presents a three-dimensional porous structure. XRD results show that the Sn–Co alloy electrode comprises pure Sn and CoSn2 phases. Electrochemical discharge/charge results show that the three-dimensional porous Sn–Co alloy electrode exhibits much better cycleability than planar Sn–Co alloy electrode, with first discharge capacity and charge capacity of 636.3 and 528.7mAhg−1, respectively. After 70th cycling, capacity retention is 83.1% with 529.5mAhg−1. The lithiation and delithiation processes during first discharge and charge were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS results together with differential capacity curves describe the process of SEI formation, charge transfer and phase transformation in the alloy electrode in the first discharge, and phase transformation during charge at delithiation potential.
Nanocube-like LiFePO4/C particles are prepared through a hydrothermal method in the presence of ionic liquid and glucose. Ionic liquid is used as co-solvent and surface growth directing template agent to control the size and morphology of the particles. Glucose serves as the carbon source to conduct carbon coating. A proper concentration of ionic liquid can decrease the particles size and the as-prepared sample in this concentration demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, cyclic ability and rate capability.
Micrometre-sized particles of Sn/SnSb were produced with a simple technique consisting in melting commercial ingots of tin and antimony separately at 280°C and 680°C, respectively, and casting them together in a ceramic boat. The solid alloy was then crushed into a homogeneous powder by grinding and sieving. The obtained powder was characterised by X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. Elemental and phase composition analyses were performed via, inductive coupled plasma and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The material was further tested as electrode material in a lithium galvanic cell. It showed relatively good capacity retention for at least 15 cycles. TEM analysis on post-mortem electrode samples showed the formation of nanostructures after the first discharge followed by a progressive disappearance of the micron-sized particles upon further cycling. Fading at higher cycles is explained by the formation of isolated metallic nano-particles that become inactive for further storage of lithium.
The aim of this study was to compare the electrochemical corrosion behavior of as-cast Pb–1wt% Sn and Pb–2.5wt% Sn alloy samples in a 0.5M H2SO4 solution at 25°C. A water-cooled unidirectional solidification system was used to obtain the as-cast samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) diagrams, potentiodynamic polarization curves and an equivalent circuit analysis were used to evaluate the electrochemical corrosion response. It was found that a coarse cellular array has a better electrochemical corrosion resistance than fine cells. The pre-programming of microstructure cell size of Pb–Sn alloys can be used as an alternative way to produce as-cast components of lead-acid batteries with higher corrosion resistance associated with environmental and economical aspects.
Here the synthesis and the optimization of piezoelectric materials by varying the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) contents in the poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene)-0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3(P(VDF-TrFE)-PMN-PT) composite and their application to low-pressure and low-frequency energy harvesting have been reported. Among the synthesized piezoelectric compositions, the PPMR5 (P(VDF-TrFE)-PMN-PT-RGO (RGO = 0.5%)) sample exhibits a maximum dielectric constant of 60 and a relatively high dielectric loss of 0.0654 at 1 kHz. Additionally, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) made off PPMR5 sheet reveals highest output performance under mechanical deformation. The fabricated FPEH demonstrate a maximum open-circuit output voltage of 8 V(pk-pk) and a short-circuit current of 3.5 μA(pk-pk) at an external applied force of 2N. Furthermore, the FPEH exhibits an output power density of 6.5 μW/cm2 at 1 MΩ load resistance. The fabricated device was also exposed to several pressing-releasing cycles to confirm its stability. The device shows excellent stability even after 1000 pressing-releasing cycles. Finally, our fabricated FPEH can be a promising energy source for futuristic flexible electronics.
The emergence of the RFID technology and its application to supply chain processes has in particular led to the creation of such standards as the EPCglobal’s model of supply networks as a tool for materializing intra- and inter-enterprise visibility of resources and products, collaboration and integration. Among other critical uses, RFID has been deployed by supply networks to improve asset utilization, effectively combat counterfeiting, and advance targeted product recalls. However, new affordable and deployable technologies and microsensors have recently appeared and keep maturing. This paper discusses the needs and the possibilities that exist for leveraging these technologies and sensors with RFID to guarantee continuous and seamless visibility of all assets (fixed and mobile resources and field personnel) of smart enterprises, thereby expanding and complementing the roles of RFID. It examines the design challenges for the integration of these technologies for advanced logistics operations at the level of product classes or their instances. It then outlines our development of an embedded microsystem that combines RFID, GPRS, GPS and environmental sensors for applications in logistics. The prototyped microsystem demonstrated the feasibility of the multi-sensor integration paradigm that the paper proposes.
Herein, we report a facile and effective adsorption strategy to improve the performance of Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries. MnO2 nanosheets grown on the surface of highly conductive graphene resulted in a coupled composite bilayer electrode when coated onto a sulfur cathode. In this way, a high initial specific capacity of 1395mAhg−1 at a rate of 0.5C, a coulombic efficiency approaching 100% and steady cyclic efficiency with a fade rate of 0.3% per cycle from 10 to 100 cycles has been achieved. This hybrid electrode not only shows enhanced electrochemical performance but can also be easily controlled and scaled thereby aiding future commercialization of high-performance Li-S batteries.
Poor diet quality may impair academic achievement in children, but such evidence is limited. Therefore, we investigated the associations of healthy diet in Grade 1 assessed by Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS), and Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI) with academic achievement in Grades 1–3 in children.
In this paper, an integrated rule-based meta-heuristic optimization approach is used to deal with a multi-level energy management system for a multi-source electric vehicle for sharing energy and power between two sources with different characteristics, namely one with high specific energy (battery) and other with high specific power (SuperCapacitors). A first (long-term) management level dynamically restricts the search space based on a set of rules (strategic decisions). A second (short-term) management level implements the optimization strategy based on a meta-heuristic technique (tactical decisions). The solutions to the optimal power sharing problem are be used to generate the power references for a lower (operational) level DC–DC converters controller. The Simulated Annealing meta-heuristic is used to define an optimized energy and power share without prior knowledge of power demand. The proposed scheme has been simulated in Matlab®, with models of energy sources for several driving cycles. Illustrative results show the effectiveness of this multi-level energy management system allowing to fulfill the requested performance with better source usage and much lower installed capacities.
“Brain tumor is a bump in the road.” Sheryl Crow a famous singer was quoted talking about her meningioma, a benign brain tumor that caused her to forget her lyrics. In this review, we focus on low-grade gliomas in adults and benign brain tumors, such as meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas, and pituitary tumors, since these individuals survive a long time and morbidity is a major issue.
The electrochemical performance and charge transfer resistance of an all-solid-state lithium ion battery consisting of LiCoO2 (LCO; cathode), Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLZONb; solid electrolyte), and lithium (anode) were investigated. This battery has favorable charge–discharge behavior and exhibits good stable cycle performance. No other reaction phase or exfoliation was evident at the interface between LCO and LLZONb after 100 charge–discharge cycles. The interfacial resistance between LCO and LLZONb is comparable to that of lithium ion batteries with liquid organic electrolytes, and the activation energy of the interfacial resistance of this battery is still lower than that of a lithium ion battery with a liquid organic electrolyte.
From corrosion to batteries and super-capacitors, mobility of ions at interfaces, a pre-requisite for many electrochemical processes, plays a key role in a great number of applications. In this paper we show for the first time that the Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) technique can be applied for studying ion mobility along any kind of insulator/insulator interface. As across these interfaces high biases can be applied, the determination of the mobility constants should be possible. Since for practically all kinds of interfaces model samples based on insulating substrate can be prepared, this is a break-through for studying ion mobility along any kind of interface, as well as mobility of ions adsorbed on a surface. While it has been shown nearly two decades ago that delamination of polymer/metal interfaces and also diffusion or migration of ions along such interfaces can be monitored in situ by SKP, no attempts have been made so far to apply this technique for investigating the mobility of ions also along interfaces between insulating materials. Here we show that this is possible. This opens up the use of SKP for a vast field of research that is of critical importance for many applications.
Energy storage devices, which can combine the advantages of lithium-ion battery with that of electric double layer capacitor, are of prime interest. Recently, composite cathodes, which combine a battery material with capacitor material, have shown promise in enhancing life cycle and energy/power performances. Lithium-ion capacitor (LIC), with unique charge storage mechanism of combining a pre-lithiated battery anode with a capacitor cathode, is one such device which has the potential to synergistically incorporate the composite cathode to enhance capacity and cycle life. We report here a hybrid LIC consisting of a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4-LFP)/Activated Carbon composite cathode in combination with a hard carbon anode, by integrating the cycle life and capacity enhancing strategies of a dry method of electrode fabrication, anode pre-lithiation and a 3:1 anode to cathode capacity ratio, demonstrating a long cycle life, while elaborating on the charge sharing between the faradaic and non-faradaic mechanism in the battery and capacitor materials, respectively in the composite cathode. An excellent cell capacity retention of 94% (1000 cycles at 1C) and 92% (100,000 cycles at 60C) were demonstrated, while retaining 78% (over 6000 cycles at 2.7C) and 67% (over 70,000 cycles at 43C) of the LFP capacity in the composite cathode.
Nickel-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material is coated with nano-sized anatase TiO2 synthesized via hydrolyzation method to improve its electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) results show that the anatase TiO2 is successfully coated on the surface of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 with nanoscale and the coating layer thickness is about 25–35 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results indicate that appropriate amount of TiO2 coating is beneficial to form a good layered structure with less cation disorder. Charge–discharge test results demonstrate that the TiO2-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 presents excellent cycling capability, rate capability and thermal stability at cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. The 1.0 wt.% TiO2-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 exhibits a capacity retention of 88.7% after 50 cycles at 1 C and a discharge capacity of 135.8 mAh g−1 after 10 cycles at 5 C, comparing to those of the pristine LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 of only 78.1% and 85.4 mAh g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests results provide evidence that the improved electrochemical properties are mainly attributed to the suppression of the interface reaction between the cathode and electrolyte and the improvement of structural stability of the material by coating.
The morphology evolution of the Ni–Co binary hydroxides was studied varying from nanosheets, to nanoplate–nanospheres, to nanorods and to a nanoparticle geometry by simply controlling the Co:Ni ratio in the initial reactant. High capacitances of 1030 F g−1 and 804 F g−1 can be achieved in the 1-D nanorod morphology at mass loading of 1 mg cm−2 and 2.8 mg cm−2 at a current density of 3 A g−1, respectively. To demonstrate its practical application, the binary hydroxide electrode was coupled with chemically-reduced graphene (CG) forming an asymmetric supercapacitor in order to improve the potential window and thus energy density. The asymmetric supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 26.3 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 320 W kg−1. The approach of controlling morphology and crystallinity of the binary system for optimizing supercapacitive performance may be applied developing other promising multiply metal hydroxide/oxide systems for supercapacitor applications.
Chronic plantar heel pain (CPHP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders of the foot, yet its aetiology is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between CPHP and a number of commonly hypothesised causative factors.
In this work, we analyze the i–E response of a redox mediator modified electrode in steady state and in the absence of permeation of the reactants into the film. We show that, besides some kinetic criteria existing in the literature based on the behavior of the limiting currents, there are others based on the entire i–E response. This analysis allows to explain several features of the i–E curve, yet unexplained, such as the shift of the half wave potential, electrochemical rectification, the shape of the Koutecky–Levich plots and the shape of the E vs. ln[(i L − i)/i] plots. From them, it is possible to determine, almost unmistakably, the type of kinetic control and to obtain the corresponding kinetic parameters.
Solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, large electrochemical window, good mechanical properties, and easy processability are needed for high-energy solid-state lithium batteries. In this work, composite membranes consisting of lithium garnet (i.e. Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12, LLZTO) particles and Li-salt-free polyethylene oxides (PEOs) are produced as solid-state electrolytes. Li-ion-conducting particles in nano-scale are crucial for the enhancement of conductivity and the membranes containing ~40nm LLZTO particles exhibit conductivities nearly two orders of magnitude larger than those with the micro-scale ones, which is attributed to the difference in specific surface area related to the percolation effect. Compared to the conventional PEO doped with lithium salt, the insulating PEO in PEO:LLZTO membrane electrolyte is conducive to the suppression of lithium dendrite growth owing to prohibition of current flow. With PEO:LLZTO membrane electrolytes in conductivity of 2.1×10−4 Scm−1 at 30°C and 5.6×10−4 Scm−1 at 60°C, the solid-state LiFePO4/PEO:LLZTO/Li and LiFe0.15Mn0.85PO4/PEO:LLZTO/Li cells deliver energy densities of 345Whkg−1 (662WhL−1) and 405Whkg−1 (700WhL−1) (without the package weight or volume) with good rate capability and cycling performance. This study suggests that the conjunction of nano-scale Li-ion-conducting particles and an insulating polymer provides a promising solution to produce powerful solid-state electrolytes for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.
Graft polymerization and crosslinking in radiation processing are attractive techniques for modification of the chemical and physical properties of conventional polymers. The graft polymerization and subsequent chemical treatment can introduce a chelate agent function into a conventional polymer such as polyethylene. The obtained amidoxime fibrous adsorbent was applied to the recovery of uranium from seawater. Soaking of 350kg adsorbent 12 times in seawater led to the collection of 1kg of uranium. Natural polymers such as derivatives of starch and cellulose were radiation-crosslinked to form hydrogels. Mats of crosslinked carboxylmethyl cellulose were evaluated by 68 patients after surgical operation. No bedsore was observed in almost of all patients after operation. This product was commercialized as “Non-bedsore” in Japan.
Background Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has proven to be effective in treating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of CRT on psychotic symptoms and cognitive complaints. Methods We contrasted the changes in symptoms and cognitive complaints in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders who received 2 novel CRTs, one targeting mental state attribution, and the other, mental flexibility, compared with a control group given treatment as usual. Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and related disorders were pseudo-randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Psychotic symptoms and subjective complaints about their cognitive deficits were evaluated twice in each group, before and after therapy. Scores obtained pre- and post-therapy were compared between the groups. Results The therapies were well-tolerated by the participants, and no one dropped out of the study. Symptoms decreased after therapy, but not in the control group. The mental flexibility group showed the most improvement. Moreover, patients in this group described a subjective diminution of their cognitive deficits. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CRT can be useful to reduce clinical symptoms while they suggest an impact of CRT on cognitive complaints in patients with schizophrenia.
The ability to adapt to changes is among the most important issues in mobile information systems. We propose a rule-based modular framework for building self-adaptive applications in mobile environments. A common mobile event engine for all applications is employed to detect the status changes. The rule system plays the role of a reactive component for making proper decisions in response to the changes. A general database interface ensures seamless integration of the rule system with database systems for flexible information access. For efficient rule processing, we develop techniques that combine static and dynamic analysis to uncover phase structure and data access semantics of a rule program. The semantic information is used to facilitate intelligent caching and prefetching for conserving limited bandwidth and reducing rule processing cost. A distributed data management and rule execution strategy enable adaptive information services over changing environment, even under disconnection. We devise a performance model to characterize the exact condition for our approach to be superior than traditional approach. Trace-driven simulation results successfully demonstrate the feasibility and potential of our approach. The modularity of the framework permits fast implementation based on off-the-shelf rule systems and database packages. We present a prototype implementation and preliminary evaluation results to show that our techniques can be effectively materialized.
This study assessed whether two persons with multiple disabilities would be able to control environmental stimulation using body swing (changing standing posture) and a Wii Balance Board with a newly developed standing posture detection program (i.e. a new software program turns a Wii Balance Board into a precise standing posture detector). The study was performed according to an ABAB design, in which A represented baseline and B represented intervention phases. Both participants significantly increased their target response (body swing) to activate the control system to produce environmental stimulation during the intervention phases. Practical and developmental implications of the findings were discussed.