batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A linear programming (LP) routine was implemented to model optimal energy storage dispatch schedules for peak net load management and demand charge minimization in a grid-connected, combined photovoltaic-battery storage system (PV+ system). The LP leverages PV power output and load forecasts to minimize peak loads subject to elementary dynamical and electrical constraints of the PV+ system. Battery charge/discharge were simulated over a range of two PV+ system parameters (battery storage capacity and peak load reduction target) to obtain energy cost for a time-of-use pricing schedule and the net present value (NPV) of the battery storage system. The financial benefits of our optimized energy dispatch schedule were compared with basic off-peak charging/on-peak discharging and real-time load response dispatch strategies that did not use any forecast information. The NPV of the battery array increased significantly when the battery was operated on the optimized schedule compared to the off-peak/on-peak and real time dispatch schedules. These trends were attributed to increased battery lifetime and reduced demand charges attained under the optimized dispatch strategy. Our results show that Lithium-ion batteries can be a financially viable energy storage solution in demand side, energy cost management applications at an installed cost of about $400–$500 per kW h (approximately 40–50% of 2011 market prices). The financial value of forecasting in energy storage dispatch optimization was calculated as a function of battery capacity ratio.
A novel multi-step method that combines solvothermal, sulfidation and polymerization process was utilized to synthesize Antimony Sulfide/Meso@Microporous Carbon nanofibers@polypyrrole (Sb2S3/MMCN@ppy) composite. As the host, the MMCN is full of microporous and mesoporous naturally, which can prevent the aggregation during the sulfidation process and accelerate the transfer of electron inside the whole composite. Meanwhile, the effective coverage of ppy layer can accommodate the volume changes during cycling and fast the electron transfer on the surface of the composite. Combining those merits, the dual physical barrier composed of MMCN and conductive ppy layer guarantees the ultrastable structure for superior electrochemical performance. When used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, Sb2S3/MMCN@ppy composite demonstrates the stable electrochemical performance with an enhanced lithium-storage capability. Impressively, even at the high current density of 1000 mA g−1, a specific reversible capacity about 556 mA h g−1 can be delivered after 300 long cycles. In addition, Sb2S3/MMCN@ppy composite also displays the outstanding stability sodium-storage property in sodium-ion batteries (269 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 300 long cycles). The results show that this product may be considered as a promising anode material for advanced LIBs and SIBs.
Vanadium pentoxide materials prepared through sol–gel processes (xerogel, aerogel and aerogel-like) act as excellent intercalation hosts for lithium as well as for polyvalent cations. The large lithium insertion capacity of these materials makes them attractive for use as cathodes in high capacity lithium batteries. This paper describes the utility of X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for the investigation of gel-based V2O5 materials. In particular, X-ray near edge structure (XANES) and polarized EXAFS experiments are highlighted.
The relationship between the porosity of recombinant battery separator material (RBSM) and separator/battery performance is examined. The porosity is inversely related to the sheet solidity and bulk density of the separator. The connection between high porosity and high acid absorption in the separator is well understood. The ability of RBSM to provide a very high porosity is a major reason why this material functions well in valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries. Investigations have shown that the separator, besides providing space for the acid, must also provide a force on the plate active-material to eliminate the effects of premature capacity loss. This study examines the effect of changes in separator porosity/density on the ability to retain the wet force between the plates. It is found that retention of the force in the plate group is enhanced by an increase in the bulk density of the separator.
A facile method has been developed to synthesize Ti3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles as high-performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries. After reducing some Ti4+ ions to Ti3+ ions with zinc powders in TiCl4 solution, Ti3+-doped TiO2 was synthesized by solvothermal methode. The obtained Ti3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles are relatively uniform and better dispersed with an average size of 30nm. Great improvement of the electrochemical performance was obtained by Ti3+-doping comparing with the pure TiO2. The Ti3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles prepared at the Zn:Ti molar ratio of 4% are able to deliver a reversible capacity of 202.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100mA g−1 and exhibit superior high-rate discharge/charge capability and cycling stability at the current density up to 3000mA g−1 in a half cell configuration. The improved reversible capacity and rate capability could be ascribed to the presence of Ti3+, which improves the electrical conductivity and reduces the charge transfer resistance of the TiO2 electrode.
Partial substitution of Mn/Si with V, Cr or Al is employed to modify Li2MnSiO4 nanoparticles. The dependence of the physical and chemical properties on the substitution strategy is clarified. In comparison with partial substitution of Mn, partial substitution of Si with the same substituent usually results in larger lattice volume, lower O–Si–O bridging linkage and higher specific surface area with smaller particle size, which contributes to lower charge transfer resistance and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient. Li2.05MnSi0.95Al0.05O4 delivers a discharge capacity as high as 108mAhg−1 at the current density of 660mAg−1. However, partial substitution of Si leads to faster capacity fading in comparison with partial substitution of Mn with the same substituent, which can be attributed to the absence of the pillar effect when Si is substituted. Substitution of Si with Al, V or Cr is a promising strategy to break through the insulation effect of (SiO4)4− polyanion and thus improves the high rate capability of Li2MnSiO4.
This study finds the key neurons that respond to 3D objects in the medial preoptic area (MPA). Their photostimulation induces hunting-like behaviors towards toys and prey, showing how the brain organizes behaviors to acquire useful resources.
The chemical and structural stabilities of various layered Li1−x Ni1−y−z Mn y Co z O2 cathodes are compared by characterizing the samples obtained by chemically extracting lithium from the parent Li1−x Ni1−y−z Mn y Co z O2 with NO2BF4 in an acetonitrile medium. The nickel- and manganese-rich compositions such as Li1−x Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and Li1−x Ni0.5Mn0.5O2 exhibit better chemical stability than the LiCoO2 cathode. While the chemically delithiated Li1−x CoO2 tends to form a P3 type phase for (1− x)<0.5, Li1−x Ni0.5Mn0.5O2 maintains the original O3 type phase for the entire 0≤(1− x)≤1 and Li1−x Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 forms an O1 type phase for (1− x)<0.23. The variations in the type of phases formed are explained on the basis of the differences in the chemical lithium extraction rate caused by the differences in the degree of cation disorder and electrostatic repulsions. Additionally, the observed rate capability of the Li1−x Ni1−y−z Mn y Co z O2 cathodes bears a clear relationship to cation disorder and lithium extraction rate.
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Olig1 promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and is required for myelin repair. We characterized an Olig1-regulated G protein–coupled receptor, GPR17, whose function is to oppose the action of Olig1. Gpr17 was restricted to oligodendrocyte lineage cells, but was downregulated during the peak period of myelination and in adulthood. Transgenic mice with sustained Gpr17 expression in oligodendrocytes exhibited stereotypic features of myelinating disorders in the CNS. Gpr17 overexpression inhibited oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, Gpr17 knockout mice showed early onset of oligodendrocyte myelination. The opposing action of Gpr17 on oligodendrocyte maturation reflects, at least partially, upregulation and nuclear translocation of the potent oligodendrocyte differentiation inhibitors ID2/4. Collectively, these findings suggest that GPR17 orchestrates the transition between immature and myelinating oligodendrocytes via an ID protein–mediated negative regulation and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CNS myelin repair.
Al2O3–2SiO2 amorphous powders are synthesized by sol–gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and aluminum nitrate (ANN) as the starting materials. The microstructure and phase structure of the powders are investigated by SEM and XRD analysis. Geopolymer materials samples are prepared by mechanically mixing stoichiometric amounts of calcined Al2O3–2SiO2 powders and sodium silicate solutions to allow a mass ratio of Na2O/Al2O3 =0.4, 0.375, 0.35, 0.325, 0.288, 0.26, 0.23 or 0.2 separately, and finally to form a homogenous slurry at a fixed H2O/Na2O mole ratio=11.7. The results show that the synthetic Al2O3–2SiO2 powders have polycondensed property and their compressive strengthes are similar to that of nature metakaolin geopolymer materials. The results also show that the water consumption is not the main influencing factor on electrical conductivity of harden geopolymer materials but it can intensively affect the microstructure of geopolymer materials. In addition, the electrical conductivity of harden geopolymer sample is investigated, and the results show that the geopolymer materials have a high ionic electrical conductivity of about 1.5×10−6 Scm−1 in air at room temperature.
Kontos AP, Covassin T, Elbin RJ, Parker T. Depression and neurocognitive performance after concussion among male and female high school and collegiate athletes. Objectives To prospectively examine the relationship of sport-related concussion with depression and neurocognitive performance and symptoms among male and female high school and college athletes. A secondary objective was to explore age and sex differences. Design Pretest, multiple posttest, repeated-measures design. Setting Laboratory. Participants High school and collegiate athletes (N=75) with a diagnosed concussion. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Beck Depression Inventory-II and computerized neurocognitive test battery (Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test), which includes concussion symptoms (Post-concussion Symptom Scale) at baseline and at 2, 7, and 14 days postinjury. Results Concussed athletes exhibited significantly higher levels of depression from baseline at 2 days (P≤.001), 7 days (P=.006), and 14 days postconcussion (P=.04). Collegiate athletes demonstrated a significant increase in depression at 14 days postconcussion than did high school athletes (P=.03). There were no sex differences in depression levels. Neurocognitive decrements at 14 days were supported for reaction time (P=.001) and visual memory (P=.001). Somatic depression at 7 days postconcussion was related to slower reaction time at 7 days postconcussion. Somatic depression at 14 days postinjury was related to lower visual memory scores at 14 days postinjury. Conclusions Although not clinically significant, athletes experienced increased depression scores up to 14 days after concussion that coincided with neurocognitive decrements in reaction time and visual memory. Somatic depression appears to be most salient with regard to lower neurocognitive performance. Mood assessments after concussion are warranted to help monitor and enhance recovery.
Objectives Although physical fitness is considered a marker of health in youth, little is known whether physical fitness in pre-school age is related to later body composition. Thus, this study investigated (i) associations of physical fitness at 4.5years of age with body composition 12months later and (ii) whether improvements in physical fitness during the 12-month follow-up were associated with changes in body composition. Design This study included 142 children, measured at 4.5 and 5.5years, from the control group of the MINISTOP trial. Methods Physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-body muscular strength and motor fitness) was measured using the PREFIT test battery. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Results In adjusted regression analyses, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body muscular strength and motor fitness at 4.5years were associated with a lower fat mass index at 5.5years (standardized β=−0.182 to −0.229, p≤0.028). Conversely, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-body muscular strength as well as motor fitness at 4.5years of age were associated with a higher fat-free mass index (standardized β =0.255–0.447, p≤0.001). Furthermore, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body muscular strength and motor fitness during the 12-month follow-up period were associated with decreases in fat mass index and/or % fat mass. Conclusions In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence of the importance of physical fitness early in life. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to clarify the influence of physical fitness in the pre-school age with later health outcomes.
The electrical isolation of fractured silicon and unstable solid electrolyte interphase formed on silicon's surface are two major issues preventing commercialization of silicon anodes in next-generation lithium ion batteries. In this work, we wrap silicon nanoparticles with graphene to maintain the electrical connection, meanwhile, isolating Si from the electrolyte to suppress SEI formation on the Si surface. A facile freeze-drying method followed by thermal reduction was used to synthesize the silicon-graphene (Si-G) composites. We found that the Si-NP's can be tightly wrapped by graphene when the composites utilized an optimal starting ratio of 1:2 (Si-NP:GO), attributing to significantly improved cyclic stability and cycle efficiency. Taking the facile fabrication method and the use of commercial Si-NP's into account, Si-G composites could be a promising candidate for the anode material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are alternative energy sources that can power sensors underwater. However, their use underwater is limited by low conversion efficiencies of the low-voltage energy to higher voltages required by modern electronics. Additionally, BMFC systems detailed in the literature are incompatible with the deployment difficulties associated with underwater sensing. In this work, we present an optimal underwater scaling strategy combined with an integrated power management system. We successfully demonstrate the modular scale-up of BMFCs using in-line flyback converters that held the BMFC input voltage at an optimal cell potential of 0.35–0.5 V while directly increasing output voltage to 12 V. Two flyback converters could operate successfully on a single shared anode, delivering 16 mW of the BMFC power directly to a 12 V rechargeable battery at 77% efficiency. We show that the internal resistance of the BMFC and effective resistance of the power management system determine the transition from start up to stable BMFC operation for up to seventy days. These combined factors have not been demonstrated previously. Such a system allows for a broad range of BMFC underwater array configurations that are critical to the future integration of BMFCs with seafloor systems and sensors.
The market and technical requirements for small-scale fuel cells in residential applications are investigated, focusing on the 1 to 10 kW range. In particular, the peculiar features of the New Zealand situation are explored, with its specific energy resources and demands. It is shown that various technologies could be applied, with PEM, SOFC, PAFC and AFC competing on almost equal terms, with cost targets of 500 to 700 EUR/kW. The attributes and disadvantages are discussed, with a number of technology gaps being identified, and some solutions proposed. Two new developments in the PEM and SOFC systems are compared in relation to their use in domestic applications. The obvious premium application of fuel cells in New Zealand exists where grid connection is expensive. Other priority markets are also studied.
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) harvesting living environmental energy has been demonstrated to be a potential energy source for internet of things, for its unique properties, such as high-output performance, clean, sustainability, low-cost etc., which have resulted in an explosive growth of related research in the past several years. However, due to the unique features of electrical output signals of TENGs like the pulsed output with random amplitude and frequency, ultra-high voltages and impedance, the electrical power generated by TENGs is hard to be delivered to the load efficiently or stored directly by the classical power management methods. Meanwhile, the mechanical energy from the environment is time dependent, unstable and sometime unpredictable, but the power required to drive electronics is regulated with a fixed input voltage and power. So it is important to store the generated energy in a battery or capacitor, so that it can be used to power a device sustainably. Fortunately, both the power management and energy storage for TENG have obtained significantly progress recently. Here, this paper reviews the progress made in power management and storage, including theoretical development, charge boosting, buck converting, energy storage, and the new enabled applications, aiming at building a self-charging power unit (SCPU) that can be a standard power package for sustainable operation of an electronic device. Finally, we will give an outlook for future development of applying SCPU for internet of things.
Telecommunications power requirements continue to evolve and to meet new patterns of use, new battery configurations have been developed to maximise energy density, optimise space utilisation and provide for ease of installation and maintenance. Front-access terminal batteries are well-matched to these requirements and are now widely applied in rack-mounted power supplies for telecommunications. A new range of sealed lead–acid batteries are described which embody front-access terminals but adopt a somewhat different approach where applications issues have been brought into sharper prominence rather than established design and manufacturing criteria. This range uses absorptive glass mat separators and state-of-the-art electrochemical designs to produce a range of batteries that has strong user benefits and enhanced performance. The technical characteristics of these batteries are described and compared to other constructions to demonstrate their behaviour under a wide range of operational conditions.
This paper reports on a new gauge for blast impulse determination close to explosive charges. The gauge is based on the autonomous data recorder g-rec developed at the Ernst-Mach-Institute for data acquisition in harsh environments. Combined with an acceleration sensor these data recorders allow for the direct determination of the momentum transferred to an object by a blast wave even in the immediate vicinity of the explosive charge. From this the blast impulse can be determined. Using autonomous electronics distinct advantages are gained compared to classical passive momentum traps. The paper summarizes the properties of the g-rec recorder and describes the setup of the autonomous momentum trap in detail. Numerical simulations are presented which illustrate the gauge performance and its limitations. Tests with 1 kg charges demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. Good agreement was found between simulations and tests. The application range of the gauges is determined by the measurement range of the built-in acceleration sensor and its overall dimensions and weight. The present configuration is designed for distances between
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are attracting increased attention because of their low cost and similar energy storage mechanism to lithium-ion batteries. Considering the low structural stability and poor electrochemical redox reaction kinetics resulting from the large size of K+ (1.38 Å), we elaborately designed novel PDDA-NPCN/Ti3C2 hybrids as PIBs anodes via an electrostatic attraction self-assembly approach, while N-rich porous carbon nanosheets (NPCNs) are derived from metal–hexamine frameworks. The coupled PDDA-NPCN/Ti3C2 hybrids with stacked structure and large specific surface area could ensure intimate contact between Ti3C2 and the NPCNs to efficiently take advantage of both components and more accessible active sites. The hybrids afford enlarged interlayer spacing and unique 3D interconnected conductive networks to accelerate the ionic/electronic transport rates. Meanwhile, the robust hybrids contribute high chemical stabilities due to favorable tolerance to volume change caused by phase transformations during the fast charge/discharge process. DFT calculations further indicate that the PDDA-NPCN/Ti3C2 hybrids efficiently reduce the adsorption energy of K+ and accelerate the reaction kinetics. The hybrids possess a remarkable synergetic effect, leading to a high reversible capacity of 358.4 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and long cycling stability of 252.2 mA h g−1 with only 0.03% degradation per cycle within 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. This work paves the way for further self-assembled coupled hybrids in energy storage devices.
This paper presents an all-polymer micro-direct methanol fuel cell (microDMFC) fabricated with SU-8 photoresist. The present development exploits the capability of SU-8 components to bond to each other by a hot-pressing process and obtain a compact device. The device is formed by a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) sandwiched between two current collectors. The MEA consists of a porous SU-8 membrane filled with a proton exchange polymer and covered by a thin layer of carbon-based electrodes with a low catalyst loading (1.0mgcm−2). The current collectors consist of two metalized SU-8 plates provided with a grid of through-holes that allow delivering the reactants to the MEA by diffusion. Fuel cell characterization was performed by measuring the polarization curves under different methanol concentrations and temperatures. The components were first tested using an external casing. A maximum power density of 4.15mWcm−2 was measured with this assembly working with a 4M methanol concentration and at a temperature of 40°C. The components were then bonded to obtain a compact micro-direct methanol fuel cell that yielded a power density of 0.65mWcm−2 under the same conditions. Despite this decrease in power density after bonding, the drastic reduction of the device dimensions resulted in an increase of more than 50 times the previous volumetric power density. The results obtained validate this novel approach to an all-polymer micro-fuel cell.
Iron oxide film with spaced radial nanorods is formed on the VGCF (vapor-grown carbon nanofiber) scaffolds by means of anodic electrodeposition. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show that the iron oxide film deposited on the VGCF surface is α-Fe2O3 and consists of spaced radial nanorods having 16–21nm in diameter after annealing at 400°C. Galvanostatic charge/discharge results indicate that the α-Fe2O3/VGCF anode (970mAhg−1) has higher capacity than bare α-Fe2O3 anode (680mAhg−1) at 10C current discharge. VGCF scaffolds fabricated by electrophoretic deposition favor the electron conduction, and the spaced radial nanorods on VGCFs facilitate the migration of lithium ion from the electrolyte. Electrochemical reactions between α-Fe2O3 and lithium ion are therefore improved significantly by this tailored architecture.