batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Logistics represent the biggest cost for transportation companies. Companies are investing in monitoring and tracking systems aiming at improving services, reducing costs and ensuring the safety in cargos transports. This article presents an intelligent model to obtain the position of vehicles, using off-the-shelf mobile devices named SWTRACK. The proposal allows distributors companies to track loads and to have real-time information about their whereabouts during a travel. SWTRACK presents an automatic travel management to initialize and finish travels without user interaction. Furthermore, it provides a mechanism to monitor detours in planned routes and to send alarms notification through mobile devices. To build that mechanism, we studied the Geofence concept and existing techniques to prepare two solutions based on continuous monitoring. Those solutions were compared and discussed. We also conducted a model evaluation using off-the-shelf mobile devices. Moreover, we provide an impact analysis regarding GPS precision and battery power consumption. In the end, we show that the proposed model generates a reliable system for tracking vehicles.
Lithium-ion batteries with advanced performances are required to meet the needs for next generation power batteries. In this work, a new lithium-ion battery has been successfully assembled based on high energy CuO nanorod array anode and high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. Electrochemical tests of the CuO nanorod array grown on copper substrate demonstrate that the CuO/Li half cell can deliver discharge capacities of 787 and 560 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 10C rates. Different from the traditional prelithiation of transition metal oxides anodes, a CuO-limited full cell has been assembled directly by adjusting the positive/negative capacity ratio of 1.2:1, which could deliver a discharge capacity of 660 mAh g−1 with estimated energy density of about 217 Wh kg−1 at 0.1C rate. The CuO/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 full cell exhibits good cycle stability (with capacity retention of 84% at 0.5C over 100 cycles) and superior rate capability (about 240 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10C), which are mainly resulted from CuO arrays directly constructed on copper substrate and the hierarchical structure of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials. The unique battery may cast new light upon constructing low cost, high energy, high rate capability and high safety full cells.
In recent years, the valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery has been developed into a versatile and extremely reliable energy-storage device. When given a correctly specified battery design technology for the required product application, the VRLA battery will offer the end-user, some, if not all, of the following characteristics: high current capability; good reliability under cyclic, deep-discharge conditions (cycle life); good power density; high recharge efficiency; rapid rechargeability; resistant to overcharge; good charge stability (resistant to thermal runaway); no addition of water (topping-up) during service life (maintenance-free); long service life; wide operating temperature; robust design; low cost per Wh; high volumetric energy density (Wh/l); low self-discharge; high gravimetric energy density (Whkg−1); may be stored and used in any position (orientation); resistant to shock and vibration; no need to be recharged immediately after discharge and environmentally ‘safe’. The most commonly used gelling agent, fumed silica, has many disadvantages such as, contamination of the local working environment, particularly during paste-mixing, and occupational hygiene and handling problems. It is also bulky to transport and has long gel times unless used at very high concentrations. There is, therefore, an increasing demand for an alternative gelling agent for sulfuric acid in the production of gelled-electrolyte (GEL) VRLA batteries. Silica sols can provide a solution to all of these problems, and moreover at a lower cost to the battery producer.
This study determined the working memory (WM) components (executive, phonological loop, and visual–spatial sketchpad) that best predicted mathematical word problem-solving accuracy of elementary school children in Grades 2, 3, and 4 (N =310). A battery of tests was administered to assess problem-solving accuracy, problem-solving processes, WM, reading, and math calculation. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that (a) all three WM components significantly predicted problem-solving accuracy, (b) reading skills and calculation proficiency mediated the predictive effects of the central executive system and the phonological loop on solution accuracy, and (c) academic mediators failed to moderate the relationship between the visual–spatial sketchpad and solution accuracy. The results support the notion that all components of WM play a major role in predicting problem-solving accuracy, but basic skills acquired in specific academic domains (reading and math) can compensate for some of the influence of WM on children’s mathematical word problem solving.
A micro-fibrous organic electrode has been prepared by electrospinning process using poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-ylmethacrylate) (PTMA), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VdF-HFP)) and carbon black powder. The micro-fibrous PTMA electrode (MPE) film is investigated by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, TEM and electrochemical tests. The MPE shows excellent rate-capability and cycle performance. The MPE based lithium cell displays a high discharge capacity of 111 mAh g−1 at 1C. Even at a high current density of 50C, the MPE cell presents a discharge capacity of 109 mAh g−1. Moreover, the MPE have remarkably improved the volumetric capacity (209 mAh cm−3 at 10C) compared with a nano-fibrous PTMA electrode. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the microstructure that promotes fast ion transport through short diffusion pathways and at the same time facilitates electron transport.
In this perspective, we focus on a new type of quantum dots, graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Due to quantum confinement and edge effects, GQDs have presented extraordinary properties, attracting extensive attention from scientists in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials, biology, and other interdisciplinary sciences. Herein, we summarize the significant advances achieved by us and other groups in the past few years on both the experimental and theoretical fronts. Synthetic strategies, unique optical and electronic properties, and the promise of GQDs in energy-related devices, such as photovoltaic devices, fuel cells, and light-emitting diodes, are systematically discussed.
The fuel cell is a complex system which is the centre of a lot of multidisciplinary research activities since it involves intricate application of various fields of study. The operation of a fuel cell depends on a wide range of parameters. The effect of one cannot be studied in isolation without disturbing the system which makes it very difficult to comprehend, analyze and predict various phenomena occurring in the fuel cell. In the current work, we present an equivalent electrical circuit of the pneumatics and fluidics in a fuel cell stack. The proposed model is based on the physical phenomena occurring inside fuel cell stack where we define the fluidic-electrical and pneumatic-electrical analogy. The effect of variation in temperature and relative humidity on the cell are considered in this model. The proposed model, according to the considered hypothesis, is a simple three order state space model which is suitable for the control purpose where a desired control structure can be formulated for high-end applications of the fuel cell as a subpart of a larger system, for instance, in hybrid propulsion of vehicles coupled with batteries and supercapacitors. Another key point of our work is the definition of the natural fuel cell stack energy function. The circuit analysis equations are presented and the simulated model is validated using the experimental data obtained using the fuel cell test bench available in Fuel Cell Laboratory, France.
Energy policies may lead to important industrial outcomes. This paper investigates the impacts of energy policies on industry growth in renewable energy. Research tools employed include the commercialization process, value chain analysis, and empirical case studies. Different renewable energy technologies and geographical regions are considered covering over 50% of the world markets of the technology fields considered. Market deployment measures that enhance home markets of domestic industries will in most cases lead to growing industrial activities. Irrespective of the domestic market situation, pure investment or R&D support alone to already strong industries in related fields may be powerful to help with diversification into sustainable energy business. Several exogenous factors such as timing, size factors, geography, etc. will influence both the industrial and policy positioning in practice. The results indicate that there are increased industrial opportunities in renewable energy to be captured not only by large countries or through large public resources, but also smaller countries can gain success through clever policies and optimal managing of the commercialization process.
With the aim to shed light on the effective role of carbon paper (CP) substrate-current collector on the constant capacity delivered over cycling by different types of anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Cu6Sn5/CP, Sn2Mn/CP and Sn/CP, we analyzed the voltage profiles of repeated galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles of these electrodes in terms of differential capacity (dQ/dV) versus voltage, comparatively with those of bare CP, and their structural modification by X-ray diffraction analysis before and after cycling. The results of this study demonstrate that Sn, in high mass loading electrodes, gradually loses the electric contact with the current collector and Sn2Mn/CP electrodes show a gradual degradation of Sn2Mn. In both cases, CP is involved in the electrochemical process by contributing to the delivered capacity of these electrodes which display stability over 100 of cycles. Furthermore, the analysis of the Cu6Sn5/CP electrodes, which for high mass loading were able to provide constant capacity significantly higher than that the bare CP supplied and to remain stable for a number of cycles higher than Sn and Sn2Mn did, indicates that CP effect on the Cu6Sn5 cycling stability is moderate as it concerns the contribution to capacity but it is fundamental for the electric contact. Hence, CP can be considered an excellent substrate-current collector only for intermetallic compounds like Cu6Sn5 that contains an inert metal able to buffer the volume changes accompanying the lithiation processes which provide compounds isostructural with the unlithiated intermetallic up to 2.6Li/Sn atomic ratio (Li13Cu6Sn5).
Lithium-rich layered oxide cathode is a promising high-capacity cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, to achieve its high capacity, the development of high-voltage electrolytes is essential. In this work, trimethyl phosphite (TMP) is investigated as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries using Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode. When 1% TMP is introduced into the electrolyte, cycling performance and rate capability of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode are improved significantly. The Li/Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cell with the TMP-containing electrolyte exhibits high capacity retention of 81.3% after 100 cycles and good rate capability of 150 mA h g−1 at 5 C and 90 mA h g−1 at 10 C, while the capacity of the cell without TMP is 48 mA h g−1 at 5 C. Based on the measurements on impedance spectra and thermal stability, it is concluded that TMP can effectively deactivate the catalyzing effect of some transition metal ions on the surface of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode.
In this paper, China’s PV market is studied from a new perspective of complex network theory. An influence index threshold network (IITN) model is been built by using partial correlation coefficients. Complex network theory is then used to provide a detailed description of the interactions of enterprises, their inherent influencing ability to conduct and control the interactions of the enterprise in the PV industry. This paper also analyses the diffusion effect of the inherent influencing ability and the conduction effect of the relationship of the enterprise in the PV industry. In addition, the leading enterprises in the industrial chain are been identified using their degree, degree centrality, betweenness and net profit ranking. The results show that the average betweenness of the top enterprises is contrary to the evolution of new installed PV capacity globally. Finally, the reasons for identifying leading enterprises are stated in detail and policy suggestions are made to promote the sustainable development of the World’s PV market.
Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a common problem affecting 20–40% of cases undergoing spine surgeries. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be an efficient and relatively safe treatment in managing many intractable chronic pain syndromes.
Background Findings are unclear as to whether cannabis use is associated with better cognitive functioning in individuals with psychosis. Objectives To elucidate the association between cannabis use, neurocognition and social cognition in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from 133 FEP participants who had enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a vocational intervention. Participants completed a neurocognitive and social cognitive battery and characteristics of cannabis use were documented (disorder, recency, frequency and dose). Principal axis factor analysis was used to determine the underlying structure of the cognitive batteries. Regression techniques were used to examine cognitive predictors of current cannabis use disorder (CUD), and recency and frequency of cannabis use. Bivariate correlations were used to examine associations between cognition and dose of cannabis consumption. Results Male gender (p =.037) was the only significant predictor of having a current CUD. Better processing speed (p =.022) and social cognition (p =.039), male gender (p <.001), and fewer negative symptoms (p =.036) predicted recency of cannabis use. Faster processing speed (p =.007) and male gender (p =.006) also predicted frequency of cannabis use. No variables were significantly associated with dose of cannabis consumption. Conclusions Better social cognition and processing speed abilities predicting recency and frequency of cannabis use are consistent with cannabis users having higher cognitive abilities. A positive relationship between cannabis use and cognition may be the result of more drug taking opportunities in less cognitively impaired individuals with psychosis.
Commercial LiCoO2 has been modified with LaF3 as a new coating material. The surface modified materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling. The LaF3-coated LiCoO2 had an initial discharge specific capacity of 177.4mAhg−1 within the potential ranges 2.75–4.5V (vs. Li/Li+), and showed a good capacity retention of 90.9% after 50 cycles. It was found that the overcharge tolerance of the coated cathode was significantly better than that of the pristine LiCoO2 under the same conditions – the capacity retention of the pristine LiCoO2 was 62.3% after 50 cycles. The improvement could be attributed to the LaF3 coating layer that hinders interaction between LiCoO2 and electrolyte and stabilizes the structure of LiCoO2. Moreover, DSC showed that the coated LiCoO2 had a higher thermal stability than the pristine LiCoO2.
Cascade impactors were used to sample volcanic aerosol from Masaya (Nicaragua) in 2007, 2009 and 2010. Differences were found in the size distributions of volcanic aerosol between these recent campaigns and with a campaign in 2001: (1) SO4 2− showed modes in both the fine (<1μm; with low Na+/K+) and coarse (>1μm; with high Na+/K+) fractions in all of the recent campaigns despite being unimodal in 2001 (<1μm); (2) The modal diameters for SO4 2− roughly doubled in 2009, compared to 2007 or 2010; (3) total Cl− was depleted in volcanic aerosol compared to background aerosol in all the more recent campaigns but was enriched in 2001. Other aspects of the volcanic aerosol appear to be persistent, such as a fine SO4 2−–H+–Na+–K+ mode, which was the most abundant mode in all campaigns, and a coarse Cl−–F−–Mg2+–Ca2+ mode of lower abundance. Water uptake and speciation in the aerosol were investigated using the equilibrium model, ISORROPIA II. Results show that the coarse SO4 2−-rich mode deliquesces at lower relative humidity (40% RH) than the fine SO4 2−-rich mode (50% RH) due to increased Na+/K+ in the former. The aerosol was predicted to be dry at ambient relative humidity in 2009 and dominated by NaHSO4, KHSO4, CaSO4 and MgSO4. In contrast, model results predict a liquid aerosol at ambient relative humidity in 2010. These results indicate that aerosol emissions from a volcano can vary in ionic composition and even more so in physical speciation (i.e., salts or solutions). These observations are set against a near-constant magmatic gas composition at Masaya, which highlights the significance of atmospheric and dynamic factors in the formation of volcanic aerosols.
In general, mathematical models for all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) that seek to capture the transport phenomena are transient in nature. In this paper, we carry out scale analysis of VRFB operation and derive the conditions when it can be assumed to be quasi-steady state in nature, i.e., time-dependence only through a boundary condition. We find that it is true for typical tank volume and flow rate employed for VRFBs. The proposed analysis is generic and can also be employed for other types of redox flow batteries.
The absence of cardiac symptoms, the improved exercise tolerance and the increased life expectancy are the advantages of a successful cardiac device therapy. Nevertheless, the fact of a lifelong device dependency, the inherent possibility of device malfunction and the progression of the underlying heart disease may impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the psychological adjustment of these individuals. To date, an overview of findings on these topics is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate and summarize the current evidence on generic and disease-specific HRQoL and psychological adjustment in paediatric patients with a pacemaker (PM) or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). A systematic literature search was conducted using relevant databases and predefined keywords. Study selection was conducted based on predefined inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies were selected which were of varying methodological quality. Overall, the studies indicated that PM/ICD patients themselves and their parents scored lower than healthy controls on generic HRQoL scales and reported similar disease-related HRQoL as patients with severe forms of congenital heart disease. Regarding psychological adjustment outcome, PM recipients and norms were not significantly different with respect to anxiety and depression symptoms, while ICD patients showed more signs of anxiety than depression. HRQoL and psychological health should be considered when setting therapy goals and evaluating medical treatment success. This approach allows an early intervention in patients at risk of maladaptation, which is especially important in the young patient undergoing crucial developmental stages.
Vitamin D is associated with skeletal muscle physiology and function and may play a role in intramuscular inflammation, possibly via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). We conducted two studies to examine (1) whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and/or intramuscular VDR protein concentrations are associated with intramuscular interleukin-6 (IL-6) and/or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα); and (2) whether 16-week supplementation with vitamin D3 alters intramuscular IL-6 and/or TNFα. Potential-related signaling pathways were also examined. Muscle biopsies of 30 older, mobility-limited adults were obtained at baseline. A subset of 12 women were supplemented with either 4,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 (N = 5) or placebo (N = 7), and biopsies were repeated at 16 weeks. Serum 25OHD was measured, and intramuscular VDR, IL-6, and TNFα gene expressions and protein concentrations were analyzed. Baseline serum 25OHD was not associated with intramuscular IL-6 or TNFα gene expression or protein concentration. Baseline intramuscular VDR protein concentration, adjusted for baseline serum 25OHD, was positively associated with intramuscular IL-6 gene expression (n = 28; p = 0.04), but negatively associated with intramuscular IL-6 protein (n = 18; p = 0.03). Neither intramuscular IL-6 nor TNFα gene expression was different between placebo (n = 7) or vitamin D3 supplementation groups (n = 5) after 16 weeks (p = 0.57, p = 0.11, respectively). These data suggest that VDR is a better predictor than serum 25OHD concentration of intramuscular IL-6 gene and protein expressions. A similar relationship was not observed for TNFα expression. Further, supplementation with 4,000 IU vitamin D3 per day does not appear to affect intramuscular IL-6 or TNFα gene expression after 16 weeks.
The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (M-ABC-2) is one of the most commonly used tests for the diagnosis of specific developmental disorders of motor function (F82). The M-ABC-2 comprises eight subtests per age band (AB) that are assigned to three dimensions: manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance. However, while previous exploratory findings suggested the correctness of the assumption of factorial validity, there is no empirical evidence that the M-ABC-2 subtests allow for a valid reproduction of the postulated factorial structure. The purpose of this study was to empirically confirm the factorial validity of the M-ABC-2. The German normative sample of AB2 (7–10 years; N =323) was used as the study sample for the empirical analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factorial validity of the M-ABC-2 (AB2). The incremental fit indices (χ 2 =28.675; df =17; Bollen–Stine p value =0.318; RMSEA =0.046 [0.011–0.075]; SRMR =0.038; CFI =0.960) provided evidence for the factorial validity of the M-ABC-2 (AB2). However, because of a lack of empirical verification for convergent and discriminant validity, there is still no evidence that F82 can be diagnosed using M-ABC-2 (AB2).
The application of lithium iron phosphate as positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries has been challenged by its poor electronic conductivity. To improve its conductivity and electrochemical performance, we have synthesized LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials by sol gel technique using long chain fatty acids, such as, lauric, myristic, and oleic acids, as surfactants for carbon coating. The phase purity of the three LiFePO4/C composites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements show that the surfactants coat the LiFePO4 particles with carbon with varying degree of uniformity depending on the surfactant used. The sample prepared in presence of lauric acid shows smaller particle size and the lowest charge transfer resistance, higher Li-ion diffusion coefficient, higher discharge capacity (∼155 mAh g−1 at C/3 rate), better rate capability and cyclic stability compared to the other two samples. We found the smaller particle size, uniformity of carbon coating, reduced agglomeration, and a lower amount of Fe3+ impurity phase in the samples to be major contributing factors for better electrochemical properties in the LiFePO4/C cathode material.