batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuel is one of the most promising approaches to address the current energy crisis and lower CO2 emission. Recently, numerous metal-organic framework (MOF) and their derived materials have extensively been developed as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction owing to their unique structure including porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable chemical structures. In this review, the recent progress of MOF-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction was summarized and discussed. Detailed discussions mainly focus on the synthesis and mechanism of pristine MOFs and MOF-derived materials for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. These examples are expected to provide clues to rational design and synthesis of stable and high-performance MOFs-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
In this paper, the first of a series of papers on battery fuel gauge (BFG), we present a real time parameter estimation strategy for robust state of charge (SOC) tracking. The proposed parameter estimation scheme has the following novel features: it models hysteresis as an error in the open circuit voltage (OCV) and employs a combination of real time, linear parameter estimation and SOC tracking technique to compensate for it. This obviates the need for modeling of hysteresis as a function of SOC and load current. We identify the presence of correlated noise that has been so far ignored in the literature and use it to enhance the accuracy of model identification. As a departure from the conventional “one model fits all” strategy, we identify four different equivalent models of the battery that represent four modes of typical battery operation and develop the framework for seamless SOC tracking by switching. The proposed parameter approach enables a robust initialization/re-initialization strategy for continuous operation of the BFG. The performance of the online parameter estimation scheme was first evaluated through simulated data. Then, the proposed algorithm was validated using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) data collected from commercially available Li-ion batteries.
The paper describes an experimental study of wind energy harvesting by self-sustained oscillations (flutter) of a flexible piezoelectric membrane fixed in a novel orientation called the “inverted flag”. We conducted parametric studies to evaluate the influence of geometrical parameters of the flag on the flapping behavior and the resulting energy output. We have demonstrated the capability for inducing aero-elastic flutter in a desired wind velocity range by simply tuning the geometrical parameters of the flag. A peak electrical power of ∼5.0mW/cm3 occurred at a wind velocity of 9m/s. Our devices showed sustained power generation (∼0.4mW/cm3) even in low-wind speed regimes (∼3.5m/s) suitable for ambient wind energy harvesting. We also conducted outdoor experiments and harvested ambient wind energy to power a temperature sensor without employing a battery for energy storage. Moreover, a self-aligning mechanism to compensate for changing wind directions was incorporated and resulted in an increase in the temperature sensor data output by more than 20 times. These findings open new opportunities for self-powered devices using ambient wind energy with fluctuating conditions and low speed regimes.
Glyme electrolytes are prepared by dissolving sodium trifluoromethane sulfonate (NaCF3SO3) either in dimetoxyethane (DME) or in diethyleneglycoledimethylether (DEGDME). The solutions, designed for sodium battery applications, are thermally characterized by TGA and studied in terms of transport properties by combining pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) and electrochemical techniques. Both electrolytes reveal suitable characteristics for sodium batteries, such as ion conductivity of about 10−3 Scm−1, sodium transport number of 0.5, a stable stripping-deposition trend, and electrochemical stability windows extending from 0 to 4V. However, the more volatile DME leads to a higher ion association degree. The suitability of both electrolytes is then verified in sodium-sulfur cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic test. The measurements confirm the reversibility of the sodium-sulfur process, and reveal the expected trend of the sulfur electrode in sodium cell with average working voltage of about 1.8V, with a higher polarization and lower capacity for the cell using the DME-based electrolyte. Accordingly, the DEGDME-based solution appears to be more suitable for sodium battery applications.
Electrolytes that possess both interfacial stability toward lithium metal anodes and compatibility with high voltage cathodes are required for high energy density batteries. Here a high concentration LiTFSI salt firstly dissolves in an ionic liquid Pyr1,3FSI. This electrolyte with synergetic effect of TFSI and FSI anions, which not only effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth because of the highly concentrated solid electrolyte interphase film, but also beneficially improve the cycling performance of lithium batteries. Lithium plating/stripping tests reveal that the concentrated electrolyte has superior compatibility with a lithium metal anode than an electrolyte with low salt concentration. Furthermore, a lithium metal battery containing the electrolyte and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode achieves high coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability at 4.4 V and high temperature. These results indicate that the highly concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte is promising for use in lithium metal batteries.
Salinity gradient energy is currently attracting growing attention among the scientific community as a renewable energy source. In particular, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is emerging as one of the most promising membrane-based technologies for renewable energy generation by mixing two solutions of different salinity. This work presents a critical review of the most significant achievements in RED, focusing on membrane development, stack design, fluid dynamics, process optimization, fouling and potential applications. Although RED technology is mainly investigated for energy generation from river water/seawater, the opportunities for the use of concentrated brine are considered as well, driven by benefits in terms of higher power density and mitigation of adverse environmental effects related to brine disposal. Interesting extensions of the applicability of RED for sustainable production of water and hydrogen when complemented by reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, bio-electrochemical systems and water electrolysis technologies are also discussed, along with the possibility to use it as an energy storage device. The main hurdles to market implementation, predominantly related to unavailability of high performance, stable and low-cost membrane materials, are outlined. A techno-economic analysis based on the available literature data is also performed and critical research directions to facilitate commercialization of RED are identified.
ABSTRACT Background The aim of this study was to use a biopsychosocial perspective to characterize patients who were identified as being at high risk, or HR, of progressing from acute to chronic jaw-related pain. Methods The authors classified 74 subjects as being at HR or low risk, or LR, according to the predictive algorithm. They used a variety of functional and biopsychosocial measures to evaluate subjects. Results The HR group had significantly higher levels of self-reported pain as measured by the Characteristic Pain Inventory and significantly higher levels of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. They were 11 times more likely to have a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, or DSM-IV, Axis I clinical diagnosis, and more than three times as likely to have a DSM-IV Axis II personality disorder. Logistic regression analyses identified variables that differentiated, with 77 percent accuracy, the HR and LR patients. Conclusions Overall, the HR subjects had more psychopathology than did the LR subjects, used poorer coping styles and had greater self-reported pain. Six psychosocial factors alone enabled the authors to correctly classify 77 percent of the subjects as being in the HR group. Clinical Implications Future research, in conjunction with the above findings, may enable the authors to determine, with greater certainty, if patients who are more anxious are at greater risk of developing chronic pain. If so, this provides further evidence of the need for early detection of patients at risk of developing chronic pain and the need to refer them for adjunctive care, such as cognitive-behavioral intervention.
The Na-ion-batteries are considered much attention for the next-generation power-sources due to the high abundance of Na resources that lower the cost and become the alternative for the state of the art Li-ion batteries in future. In this review, the recently reported potential cathode and anode candidates for Na-ion-batteries are identified in-light-of-their high-performance for the development of Na-ion-full-cells. Further, the recent-progress on the Na-ion full-cells including the strategies used to improve the high cycling-performance (stable even up-to 50000 cycles), operating voltage (even ≥ 3.7 V), capacity (>350 mAhg−1 even at 1000 mAg−1 (based-on-mass-of-the-anode)), and energy density (even up-to 400 Whkg−1) are reviewed. In addition, Na-ion-batteries with the electrodes containing reduced graphene oxide, and the recent developments on symmetric Na-ion-batteries are discussed. Further, this paper identifies the promising Na-ion-batteries including the strategies used to assemble full-cell using hard-carbon-anodes, Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes, and other-electrode-materials. Then, comparison between aqueous and non-aqueous Na-ion-batteries in terms of voltage and energy density has been given. Later, various types of electrolytes used for Na-ion-batteries including aqueous, non-aqueous, ionic-liquids and solid-state electrolytes are discussed. Finally, commercial and technological-developments on Na-ion-batteries are provided. The scientific and engineering knowledge gained on Na-ion-batteries afford conceivable development for practical application in near future.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology. Goals of treatment are to preserve vision and alleviate symptoms, including intractable headache, pulsatile tinnitus, and nausea. Cognition is not addressed routinely during clinical evaluation of IIH patients.
Ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate (TFPE) is an additive that extends the life of the LiMn2O4/Li cell. After 200 charge and discharge cycles at 55 °C, a LiMn2O4/Li cell increases the capacity retention by 13.2% (48.2% without additive versus 61.4% with additive) when 0.5 vol% TFPE is added to the electrolyte. Versus TFPE-free cells, the additive inhibits the formation of HF induced erosion of the LiMn2O4 electrode and reduces the interfacial impedance by 61.2% (drops to 139 from 227 Ohm).
Voltage fade is a major obstacle for the efficient use of lithium-rich layered oxide materials in batteries. Here, the authors reveal the link between voltage fade and nucleation of a mobile dislocation network in the oxide nanoparticles, offering design ideas to restore the voltage.
ABSTRACT Developing new anode materials with high initial Coulombic efficiency, specific capacity, and rate performance is still a great challenge for the next generation of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we demonstrated the synthesis of mesoporous W18O49 nanobelts (m-W18O49 NBs) with rich oxygen vacancies (O-vacancies) by a simple solvothermal method followed by a calcination treatment without any templates and catalysts. When used as an anode material in LIBs, m-W18O49 NBs electrode exhibits an ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.3% and at the same time it also displays higher specific capacity, better cycling stability and excellent rate capability compared with bulk W18O49 (b-W18O49) and mesoporous WO3 nanobelts (m-WO3 NBs) electrodes. The excellent lithium storage performance of the m-W18O49 NBs can be ascribed to three factors: (I) abundant O-vacancies increased electronic conductivity and offered sufficient active sites for conversion reactions; (II) mesoporous structure allowed for easy diffusion of the electrolyte and at the same time it can enhance the m-W18O49 NBs/electrolyte contact area, shorten the Li+ diffusion length, and accommodated the strain induced by the volume change during the electrochemical reaction; (III) one dimensional (1D) nanobelts were more beneficial for electron transport.
Abstract In this work we introduce several novel tools for the reduction of errors in parameters estimated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. An optimization strategy is developed that minimizes an estimate of the errors on the parameters while bounding the experimental time. The approach is also used to reduce experimental time while keeping a bound on the parameter errors. This feature is particularly critical in systems changing significantly within the experimental time. The paper uses a fuel cell electrode model to test this methodology and presents a real time algorithm for coupling experiment with the parameter estimation and experimental optimization.
The author regrets that a typing error occurred in Section 3.2. The third paragraph should begin as follows: The magnetic measurements were also made. Bulk magnetic susceptibility () and the coercive force (Hc) are plotted against temperature as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. All the samples increase in their susceptibilities with increasing temperature except S4 has opposite behavior. A clearer version of Fig. 6 is given here.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses methods of analysis of drugs and drug metabolites. Pharmacokinetics (PK) requires the determination of a concentration of a drug, its metabolite, or an endogenous targeted substance in physiological fluids or tissues with respect to time. Chromatography refers to the separation of materials using their relative solubility and absorption differences in two immiscible phases: one stationary and the other mobile. When a component is more soluble in the mobile phase than in the film on the particle, it will elute from the column and will be detected with respect to a characteristic chemical property, such as ultraviolet (UV) absorption. An antigen, such as a drug, can be labeled with a fluorescent tag, and the fluorescent emission of polarized light is measured in a competitive antibody-binding assay. Immunoaffinity-based assays are routinely developed for new biologicals and products of the biotechnology industry as a part of their characterization as new agents. Selection of a suitable assay method for these compounds began with the consideration of the chemical characteristics of the drug and the determination of the likely range of blood and tissue concentration required for pharmacological effect.
Lithium–air batteries offer great promise for high-energy storage capability but also pose tremendous challenges for their realization. This Review surveys recent advances in understanding the fundamental science that governs lithium–air battery operation, focusing on the reactions at the oxygen electrode.
Cube-like anatase TiO2 mesocrystals have been fabricated successfully by using amorphous titanate as a precursor. The size and shape of the synthesized mesocrystals are uniform with an average size of 100 nm. Interestingly, the low index facets of (100), (010) and (001) are exposed completely, forming the special cube-like shape. When used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, anatase TiO2 mesocrystals exhibit an excellent lithium storage ability. A capacity of 166 mA h g−1 can be remained after 800 cycles at 5C, demonstrating a good long-term cycling performance. Furthermore, an average reversible capacity of 148 mA h g−1 can be also maintained even at a rate as high as 20C. Such an excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the special cube-like shape of TiO2 mesocrystals with exposed facets, which facilitate lithium-ion diffusion.
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor is implicated in melanocyte development and in the regulation of melanogenesis. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor is thought to bind to the M-box promoter elements of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and dopachrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein-2 and transactivate these genes, resulting in increased pigmentation. Using a luciferase reporter construct driven by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor promoter, we identified agents that modulate microphthalmia-associated transcription factor promoter activity. Changes in endogenous microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression levels upon treatment with these agents were confirmed using northern and western blots, and their pigmentary modulating activities were demonstrated. Ultraviolet B irradiation and traditional Chinese medicine-1, a natural extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, upregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene expression and enhanced tyrosinase activity in vitro. Dihydrolipoic acid, lipoic acid, and resveratrol reduced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase promoter activities. These agents also inhibited the forskolin- and ultraviolet B-stimulated promoter activities of these genes and significantly reduced tyrosinase activity in melanocyte cultures, resulting in depigmentation. Overexpressed microphthalmia-associated transcription factor was capable of rescuing the repressive effects of these compounds on the cotransfected tyrosinase promoter. Dark-skinned Yucatan swine treated with these agents showed visible skin lightening, which was confirmed histologically, whereas ultraviolet B-induced tanning of light-skinned swine was inhibited using these agents. Our findings suggest that modulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression can alter skin pigmentation and further confirm the central role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanogenesis.
A series of LiNi0.05-x Mg x Mn1.95O4 (0.01≤x≤0.04) compounds were synthesized using microwave irradiation as sintering technique. The structures and electrochemical performances of the as-prepared powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, electrochemical galvanostatic cycling tests, EIS and XRF. The XRD and Rietveld refinement results indicate that all samples exhibit a single spinel structure and dual-doping causes the shrinkage of lattice space. The discharge capacities and cycling performances of LiNi0.03Mg0.02Mn1.95O4 are the best with a low capacity fading over the investigated 30 cycles at elevated temperature (55°C). These results demonstrate that the microwave sintering method and metallic ions co-doping are effective ways to suppress the Mn dissolution from active electrodes at high temperature and high rate for lithium-ion batteries.
This paper adopts a single-period newsvendor model with supply uncertainties to be used for optimally sizing an electrical energy storage system (EESS) for an apartment house with a photovoltaic system. Hence, typical inventory cost components and supply chain characteristics are translated into the EESS application. The results show that existing research approaches for inventory management can be adapted to determine the optimal size of an EESS. The proposed EESS-sizing procedure takes into account the total cost of the storage system including energetic losses as well as the costs for energy supply from the own energy systems and from the energy supplier.
Sputtered vanadium pentoxide thin films have been used as positive electrode in lithium microbatteries and extensively studied after cycling over the 31st galvanostatic cycles by two complementary techniques, especially well-adapted for thin films analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. This study is mainly focussed on the characterization of the surface film (solid electrolyte interface-type) which is formed during subsequent discharges and charges and especially on its composition and its morphology that are changing during cycling. First, the growth of a surface layer between the positive electrode and the liquid electrolyte has been evidenced upon the discharge as well as its partial dissolution upon the charge. Secondly, the chemical and topographic changes of this interfacial layer at various stages of cycling are discussed in correlation with the evolution of the discharge capacity over cycles.
Nitridated Si–Ti–Ni (STN) ternary alloy as an anode for lithium ion batteries is prepared by the NH3 nitridation of STN alloy. The nitridated STN electrode shows 14% increased reversible capacity and 4 times higher rate capability at 3 C compared to those of pristine STN electrode. These improvements are attributed to the formation of nitride compounds (such as SiN x /SiN x O y , TiN x /TiN x O y and NiN x /NiN x O y ) on STN alloy, which benefits both mechanics and kinetics.
The results of a preliminary investigation of a series of polymer electrolytes based on a novel polymer host, poly(trimethylene carbonate) (p(TMC)), with lithium triflate or lithium perchlorate and various plasticizing additives, are described in this presentation. Electrolytes with lithium salt compositions of about n=10 (where n represents the molar ratio of (OCOCH2CH2CH2O) units per lithium ion) and additive compositions between 5 and 15wt.% (with respect to p(TMC)), were prepared by co-dissolution of salt and polymer in anhydrous solvent with a controlled amount of additive. The homogeneous solutions obtained were evaporated within a preparative glovebox and under a dry argon atmosphere to form thin films of electrolyte. The solvent-free electrolyte films produced were characterized by measurements of total ionic conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. In general the triflate-based electrolytes were found to show moderate ionic conductivity and good thermal stability while perchlorate-based electrolytes showed higher levels of conductivity but lower thermal stability. Electrolytes based on this host polymer, with both lithium salts, were obtained as very flexible, transparent, completely amorphous films.
Olivine-type LiFePO4 cathode materials were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method and ball-milling. The ball-milling time, heating time and heating temperature are optimized. A heating temperature higher than 700°C resulted in the appearance of impurity phase Fe2P and growth of large particle, which was shown by high resolution X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The impurity phase Fe2P exhibited a considerable capacity loss at the 1st cycle and a gradual increase in discharge capacity upon cycling. Moreover, it exhibited an excellent high-rate capacity of 104mAhg−1 at 3C in spite of the large particle size. The optimum synthesis conditions for LiFePO4 were ball-milling for 24h and heat-treatment at 600°C for 3h. LiFePO4/Li cells showed an enhanced cycling performance and a high discharge capacity of 160mAhg−1 at 0.1C.