batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The Project among African-Americans to Explore Risks for Schizophrenia (PAARTNERS) is a multi-site, NIMH-funded study that seeks to identify genetic polymorphisms that confer susceptibility to schizophrenia among African-Americans by linkage mapping and targeted association analyses. Because deficits in certain dimensions of cognitive ability are thought to underlie liability to schizophrenia, the project also examines cognitive abilities in individuals affected by schizophrenia and their extended family members. This article describes PAARTNERS study design, ascertainment methods and preliminary sample characteristics. We aim to recruit a sample of 1260 African-American families, all of whom have at least one proband with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The data collection protocol includes a structured Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, Family Interview for Genetic Studies, focused neurocognitive assessment, medical records review, and the collection of blood or buccal cells for genetic analyses. We have currently completed study procedures for 106 affected sib-pair, 457 case-parent trio and 23 multiplex families. A total of 289 probands have completed the best estimate final diagnosis process and 1153 probands and family members have been administered the computerized neuropsychological battery. This project lays the foundation for future analysis of cognitive and behavioral endophenotypes. This novel integration of diagnostic, neurocognitive and genetic data will also generate valuable information for future phenotypic and genetic studies of schizophrenia.
Highly active and stable carbon supported PtSnO2 catalyst with Pt:Sn ratio of 3:1 is prepared by a modified polyol method. The tin oxide is prepared via a facile co-precipitation method using stannic chloride solution and calcined at 500°C to form only tetragonal rutile structures of SnO2. The PtSnO2/C catalyst is synthesized through an ex situ method named as PtSnO2/C (E). The role of SnO2 and preparation method of PtSnO2 (E) to enhance the ECSA, for oxidation of ethanol, are considered and the activity is compared to synthesized in situ catalyst named PtSnO2 (I) method using SnCl2. The electro-catalysts are characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, TEM, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Choronoamperometry (CA), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and direct alcohol fuel cell test (DAFC). The ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation reaction activity of the catalyst are compared to PtSnO2/C (I) and Pt/C and ranked in order: PtSnO2 (E) > PtSnO2 (I) > Pt. It is found that the stability of PtSnO2/C (E) is considerably higher than that of PtSnO2/C (I) and Pt/C. The direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) with PtSnO2/C (E) and PtSnO2/C (I) as modified electro-catalyst and Pt/C anode catalyst are also tested with ethanol and filled with acetaldehyde as a fuel. The synthesized catalyst shows higher open circuit voltage (OCV) and power density for ethanol and acetaldehyde compared with PtSnO2/C (I) and Pt/C as anode catalysts.
Growing global sales of electric vehicles (EVs) are raising concerns about the reverse logistics challenge of transporting damaged, defective and waste lithium ion battery (LIB) packs. The European Union Battery Directive stipulates that 50% of LIBs must be recycled and EV manufacturers are responsible for collection, treatment and recycling. The International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road requirement to transport damaged or defective LIB packs in approved explosion proof steel containers imposes expensive certification. Further, the physical weight and volume of LIB packaging increases transport costs of damaged or defective packs as part of a complete recycling or repurposing strategy. Cryogenic flash freezing (CFF) removes the possibility of thermal runaway in LIBs even in extreme abuse conditions. Meaning damaged or defective LIBs may be transported safely whilst cryogenically frozen. Herein, LIBs are cycled until 20% capacity fade to establish that CFF does not affect electrical performance (energy capacity and impedance) during ageing. This is demonstrated on two different cell chemistries and form factors. The potential to remanufacture or reuse cells/modules subjected to CFF supports circular economy principles through extending useful life and reducing raw material usage. Thereby improving the environmental sustainability of transitioning from internal combustion engines to EVs.
The aim of this review is to investigate barriers and challenges of wearable patient monitoring (WPM) solutions adopted by clinicians in acute, as well as in community, care settings. Currently, healthcare providers are coping with ever-growing healthcare challenges including an ageing population, chronic diseases, the cost of hospitalization, and the risk of medical errors. WPM systems are a potential solution for addressing some of these challenges by enabling advanced sensors, wearable technology, and secure and effective communication platforms between the clinicians and patients. A total of 791 articles were screened and 20 were selected for this review. The most common publication venue was conference proceedings (13, 54%). This review only considered recent studies published between 2015 and 2017. The identified studies involved chronic conditions (6, 30%), rehabilitation (7, 35%), cardiovascular diseases (4, 20%), falls (2, 10%) and mental health (1, 5%). Most studies focussed on the system aspects of WPM solutions including advanced sensors, wireless data collection, communication platform and clinical usability based on a specific area or disease. The current studies are progressing with localized sensor-software integration to solve a specific use-case/health area using non-scalable and ‘silo’ solutions. There is further work required regarding interoperability and clinical acceptance challenges. The advancement of wearable technology and possibilities of using machine learning and artificial intelligence in healthcare is a concept that has been investigated by many studies. We believe future patient monitoring and medical treatments will build upon efficient and affordable solutions of wearable technology.
Fast charging is critical for the application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Conventional fast charging algorithms may shorten the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries and induce safety problems, such as internal short circuit caused by lithium deposition at the negative electrode. In this paper, a novel, non-destructive model-based fast charging algorithm is proposed. The fast charging algorithm is composed of two closed loops. The first loop includes an anode over-potential observer that can observe the status of lithium deposition online, whereas the second loop includes a feedback structure that can modify the current based on the observed status of lithium deposition. The charging algorithm enhances the charging current to maintain the observed anode over-potential near the preset threshold potential. Therefore, the fast charging algorithm can decrease the charging time while protecting the health of the battery. The fast charging algorithm is validated on a commercial large-format nickel cobalt manganese/graphite cell. The results showed that 96.8% of the battery capacity can be charged within 52min. The post-mortem observation of the surface of the negative electrode and degradation tests revealed that the fast charging algorithm proposed here protected the battery from lithium deposition.
Objective Striatal dysfunction has been traditionally implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between caudate nucleus volumes and clinical and cognitive features of schizophrenic patients in an early phase of their illness. Methods Caudate nucleus volumes in previously untreated first episode patients with non-affective psychosis (N =76) and healthy comparison subjects (N =45) were measured. Caudate nucleus volume in the right and left hemispheres were automatically segmented and analyzed using BRAINS2. Analysis of covariance was used to control for intracranial volume. Severity of clinical symptoms was assessed using SAPS and SANS total scores. The relationship between cognitive dimensions, and caudate nucleus volume was evaluated. Finally, we examined the correlation between caudate volumes and the duration of untreated illness (DUI), duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and duration of prodrome period (DPP). Results Right, left, and total caudate nucleus volumes did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Those patients with a longer DUP have smaller caudate nucleus. In addition, caudate nucleus volume was positively correlated with the severity of psychotic symptomatology. No significant associations were found between caudate nucleus volume and cognitive functioning. Conclusion This group of first episode schizophrenia patients did not exhibit significant volumetric anomalies of the caudate nucleus. Despite this lack of volumetric abnormalities, a delay in receiving antipsychotic treatment and the severity of initial positive symptomatology were significantly associated with reduced caudate volume.
Unexpected Li deposition during plating, which causes low Coulombic efficiency and safety issues, limits the use of Li metal as an anode in commercial secondary batteries. With the recently developed micro-patterned Li metal anodes, dendrite formation during high current Li plating (2.4 mA cm−2) has successfully been reduced, as Li ions are guided into the patterned holes. However, the uncontrolled formation of granular Li is still observed in this material. To overcome these shortcomings, we have introduced cesium hexafluorophosphate into micro-patterned Li metal anodes. This additive employs the self-healing electrostatic shield mechanism to effectively reduce the formation of granular Li and Li dendrites, thereby significantly improving the electrochemical performance of the anodes even when only small amounts (0.05 M) of electrolyte are used. Our experiments revealed that batteries employing surface-patterned Li metal anodes with cesium hexafluorophosphate maintained 88.7% (96.6 mAh g−1) of their initial discharge capacity after the 900th cycle (Charging current density: C/2, 0.6 mA cm−2, Discharging current density: 1C, 1.2 mA cm−2), which is three times higher than the capacity observed with surface-patterned Li metal anodes without the additive (discharge capacity starts to decrease from 300 cycles).
In this work, we report a novel electrolyte additive allyloxytrimethylsilane (AMSL) to improve the electrochemical performance of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. In presence of 0.5% AMSL, the discharge capacity retention of Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cell is improved from 73.1% to 80.2% after 500 cycles at room temperature, and from 52.4% to 92.5% after 100 cycles at 55 °C. Moreover, the Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cell with AMSL delivers a superior discharge capacity of 95.6 mAh g−1 at high rate of 3 C, whereas the cell without AMSL only remains 76.8 mAh g−1. Theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that AMSL is oxidized prior to the carbonate solvents during the first charge process and then creates a less resistive and high thermal stable SEI film on the surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. The AMSL derived SEI film, composed of organic silicon-based species, ether moieties and reduced LiF, is responsible for the suppression of serious electrolyte decomposition and dissolution of transition metal ions at high voltage, especially at high temperature.
Nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous coralloid carbon/sulfur composites (N-HPCC/S) served as attractive cathode materials for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries were fabricated for the first time. The nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous coralloid carbon (N-HPCC) with an appropriate nitrogen content (1.29wt%) was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach, combined with subsequent carbonization–activation. The N-HPCC/S composites prepared by a simple melt–diffusion method displayed an excellent electrochemical performance. With a high sulfur content (58wt%) in the total electrode weight, the N-HPCC/S cathode delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1626.8mAhg−1 and remained high up to 1086.3mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at 100mAg−1, which is about 1.86 times as that of activated carbon. Particularly, the reversible discharge capacity still maintained 607.2mAhg−1 after 200 cycles even at a higher rate of 800mAg−1. The enhanced electrochemical performance was attributed to the synergetic effect between the intriguing hierarchically porous coralloid structure and appropriate nitrogen doping, which could effectively trap polysulfides, alleviate the volume expansion, enhance the electronic conductivity and improve the surface interaction between the carbon matrix and polysulfides.
LiFePO4 thin films were deposited on Ti substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The apparent chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium in the films, D ˜ Li , were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The average D ˜ Li values calculated from CV results were in the order of 10−14 cm2 s–1. The D ˜ Li values obtained by GITT, and EIS techniques were in the range of 10–14–10–18 cm2 s–1, 10–14–10–18 cm2 s–1, respectively. The D ˜ Li values obtained by the two methods show a minimum point at x ∼0.5 for Li1−x FePO4. However, the overpotential values of the LiFePO4 thin film electrodes obtained from the GITT results and the diffusion impedance deduced from the impedance spectra also show the minimum values at x ∼0.5 for Li1–x FePO4. This contradict could be caused by the improper use of GITT and EIS techniques for measuring the chemical diffusion coefficient of Li in Li1–x FePO4 which constitutes two phase, i.e., LiFePO4 and FePO4 in this region.
V2O5 nanostructures have been synthesized through an environmental friendly and simple solvent-free solid-state chemical reaction. By changing the calcination temperature in air, V2O5 nanostructures with different morphologies, such as hierarchical nanosheets, nanosheets, and hierarchical nanobelts, have been obtained. Electrochemical testing results show that hierarchical V2O5 nanobelts exhibit high specific discharge capacity and excellent cycle stability, which display high discharge specific capacities of 240mAhg−1 at 1C, whereas high discharge specific capacities of 174mAhg−1 at 8C. The delivered capacity at 1C can maintain 91% of its initial capacity (the 2nd cycle) after 100 cycles. The V2O5 nanobelts show good electrochemical performance due to its special hierarchical structure that reduces the contact resistance between the ions and materials, adjust the volume change, and relieve the pressure of large deformation in the charging/discharging process. The hierarchical V2O5 nanobelts display promising application prospects as an excellent cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
Power imbalances from fluctuating renewable electricity generators are counteracted by often expensive flexibility services. Heating, cooling, and air-conditioning (HVAC) of buildings, or domestic power-to-heat (P2H), are end uses of electricity that allow flexible load patterns due to the inertia of an attached thermal storage while meeting their quality constraints. Compared to smart appliances or electric vehicle charging, P2H exhibits large and predictable capacities of demand response (DR), because buildings in many countries account for 30–40% of the final energy demand, a large part of which is thermal. Yet, its practical flexibility potential remains largely unknown: is DR from P2H a mature technology for mass usage; is it cost-efficient, socially attractive, and ready to make key contributions to flexibility comparable to backup generators or battery storage? In the present paper, we review recent international field studies that are paving the way from research to practice. These field trials include real customers but have a broader research focus and a wider outreach than rolling out a new DR tariff or program or a specific new technology for DR. Their experience mirrors the technology readiness beyond revenue or policy studies, optimization frameworks or laboratory-scale micro-grids. We analyze the adequacy of the pricing mechanisms deployed for incentivization and remuneration and review the coordination mechanisms for balancing on different timescales including fast ancillary services. We conclude that current control and information technology and economic and regulatory frameworks which have been field-tested do not yet meet the flexibility challenges of smart grids with a very high share (>50%) of intermittent renewable generation.
Application of phosphatic (P) fertilizers and biosolids is known to enhance cadmium (Cd) contamination in saline soils. Increased concentration of dissolved chloride (Cl−) in soil solution significantly influences Cd bioavailability in P fertilizer- or biosolid-amended soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have an ability to protect plants against salinity and heavy metals by mediating interactions between toxic ions and plant roots. The effects of Glomus mosseae (AM) and NaCl and Cd stresses on Cd uptake and osmolyte and phytochelatin (PCs) synthesis in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) were studied under greenhouse conditions. Two genotypes [Sel 85 N (tolerant) and ICP 13997 (sensitive)] were subjected to NaCl (4 and 6 dS m−1) and Cd (CdCl2, 25 and 50 mg kg−1 dry soil) treatments. NaCl and Cd applied individually as well as in combination caused dramatic reductions in plant biomass and induced membrane peroxidation, ionic perturbations, and metabolite synthesis in both genotypes, although Sel 85 N was less affected than ICP 13997. Cadmium uptake was enhanced when NaCl was added along with Cd. The protection of growth in Sel 85 N was associated with restricted accumulation of Na+, Cl−, and Cd2+ and higher concentrations of stress metabolites (sugars, proteins, free amino acids, proline, glycine betaine). Cd led to a significant increase in biothiols (NP-SH) and glutathione (GSH), with a larger pool of NP-SH which strongly induced accumulation of phytochelatins, whereas no significant effects in their concentrations were detectable under NaCl stress. The interactive effects of NaCl and Cd on all parameters were larger than those of individual treatments. Fungal inoculations improved plant growth and reduced accumulation of toxic ions. Higher stress metabolite synthesis and PCs observed in AM plants of Sel 85 N indicated the role of an efficient AM symbiosis capable of attenuating NaCl and Cd stresses.
This paper presents an overview on charging strategies for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, a detailed assessment of charging strategies is performed, based on an extensive experimental study with three different cell types. The experimental results reveal that the impact of charging currents and charging voltages on cycle life can vary markedly among different lithium-ion batteries. In general, the cycle life is influenced more by high charging currents than by high discharging currents. Different boost charging protocols have disclosed that high charging currents can deteriorate cycle life not only at high state of charge (SoC), but also at very low SoC. Our investigations on pulse charging show that lithium-ion cells withstand charging pulses of high current or high voltage without any deterioration in cycle life, when the duration of the pulses remains short and the mean current and voltage values are considerably lower. For pulses of less than 1s, cycle life has been similar for pulsed and continuous charging with the same mean charging currents and identical cycle depths. This paper also presents the impact of charging currents and charging voltages on capacity utilization, charging time, and efficiency to support the development process of optimized charging protocols for practical applications.
Crater-like architectural aluminum current collectors is prepared by a simple chemical etching method with NaOH-based solutions, and investigate the effect of aluminum surface morphology on its electrochemical performance as cathode current collector in Li-ion batteries. Characterization data reveal an acceptable tensile strength and surface hydrophilicity in the etched aluminum current collector, together with the creation of a rough surface with many reticular crater-like pits. In Li-ion cells using LiCoO2 as the active material, the crater-like architectural aluminum foil is electrochemically stable as the current collector, when in contact with other cell components during the charge–discharge processes. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the good electrical contact between cathode material particles and the current collector, and the resulting efficient electron transfer.
We examined models of individual change and correlates of change in the growth of reading skills in a sample of 40 children from kindergarten through third grade. A broad range of correlates was examined and included family literacy, oral language, emergent reading, intelligence, spelling, and demographic variables. Individual growth curve analysis was used to model change in Letter Word Identification (LWID), Word Attack (WA), and Passage Comprehension (PC) subtests of the Woodcock–Johnson Psychoeducational Battery – Revised. Third grade LWID was predicted uniquely by family literacy, phonological awareness, and emergent reading skills. Growth in LWID was predicted uniquely by emergent reading skills. Phonological awareness, spelling, and emergent reading were unique predictors of third grade WA, whereas family literacy and emergent reading skills uniquely predicted third grade PC. The general oral language factor defined by semantic and syntactic variables did not contribute significant unique variance in any of the models. Thus, the pattern of results extends the model of emergent-to-conventional literacy proposed by Whitehurst and Lonigan (1998) to third grade and suggests that early contextual understandings necessary for competent reading (family literacy and emergent reading) become more influential as reading skills develop.
In a long-term clinical trial, a responsive neurostimulation system was shown to reduce seizures and improve quality of life in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Furthermore, these effects persisted over an extended time period. Will neurostimulation close the treatment gap for patients with refractory epilepsy?
K.V. has received personal compensation for consulting from Cyberonics. P.B. has received personal compensation for consulting from Cyberonics, Medtronic and UCB. K.V and P.B. have received research support (including for clinical trials) through their institution from Cerbomed, Cyberonics, Medtronic, Neurosigma and UCB.