batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to implement a tri-objective design of a grid independent PV/Wind/Split-diesel/Battery hybrid energy system for a typical residential building with the objective of minimizing the Life Cycle Cost (LCC), CO2 emissions and dump energy. To achieve some of these objectives, small split Diesel generators are used in place of single big Diesel generator and are aggregable based on certain set of rules depending on available renewable energy resources and state of charge of the battery. The algorithm was utilized to study five scenarios (PV/Battery, Wind/Battery, Single big Diesel generator, aggregable 3-split Diesel generators, PV/Wind/Split-diesel/Battery) for a typical load profile of a residential house using typical wind and solar radiation data. The results obtained revealed that the PV/Wind/Split-diesel/Battery is the most attractive scenario (optimal) having LCC of $11,273, COE of 0.13 ($/kWh), net dump energy of 3MWh, and net CO2 emission of 13,273kg. It offers 46%, 28%, 82% and 94% reduction in LCC, COE, CO2 emission and dump energy respectively when compared to a single big Diesel generator scenario.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is widely regarded as the superior organic solvent for lithium-ion batteries used in cold areas owing to its low melting point. However, an effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is not formed in PC-based electrolyte solutions and reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of the lithium ions at the graphite negative electrode do not proceed. This leads to decomposition of the electrolyte solution and exfoliation of the graphite electrode. One solution to this problem is to control the structure of the solvated lithium ions. In this study, we focused on the Lewis basicity of the co-solvent and counter anion in the lithium salt to control the solvation in a PC-based electrolyte solution and form an effective SEI. Triglyme and tetraglyme were used as the co-solvents, and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate were used as the anion sources. SEI formation was investigated by charge and discharge measurements and in situ scanning probe microscopy; the obtained results indicated that SEI formation is strongly influenced by the Lewis basicity of the co-solvent and counter anion.
A few studies have documented associations between socioeconomic position and gait speed, but the knowledge about factors from various domains (personal factors, lifestyle, occupation…) which contribute to these disparities is limited. Our objective was to assess socioeconomic disparities in usual gait speed in a general population in early old age in France, and to identify potential contributors to the observed disparities, including occupational factors.
Social and occupational functioning difficulties are a characteristic feature of schizophrenia, and a growing body of evidence suggests that deficits in social cognition contribute significantly to these functional impairments. The present study sought to investigate whether the association between social cognition and social functioning in schizophrenia would be mediated by self-reported levels of empathy. Thirty outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and twenty-five healthy controls completed a well-validated facial affect processing task (Ekman 60-faces facial task from the Facial Expressions of Emotion — Stimuli and Tests; FEEST), The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT; to assess emotion perception and complex social cognitive skills such as the detection of sarcasm and deceit, from realistic social exchanges), and measures of self-reported empathy and social functioning. Participants with schizophrenia performed more poorly than controls in identifying emotional states from both FEEST and TASIT stimuli, and were impaired in their ability to comprehend counterfactual information in social exchanges, including sarcasm and lies, on the TASIT. Impairment in the comprehension of sarcasm was associated with higher empathic personal distress, and lower recreational functioning. Impairment in the identification of the emotions of others was found to be associated with lower satisfaction and lower empathic fantasy. However, empathy could not be explored as a mediator of associations between social cognition and functional outcome, due to lack of common associations with functional outcome measures. These findings have implications for the remediation of specific social cognitive deficits with respect to improving functional outcomes in schizophrenia.
This paper discusses the utilization of a wind energy system as an alternative to traditional sources of energy. It is aimed for studying how to convert kinetic energy from the wind to electrical energy, as well as, the impact of humidity effect on the density of the air. Results of wind speed measured are depended on both solar energy and battery for operating purposes. The frequency of the wind turbine against the wind speed under the climatic conditions of Kirkuk city has been observed. It is found that the maximum value of frequency is at 225° which represented the southern west wind direction then the angle 118° that represented the eastern and southern east along the winter season. It is noted that the maximum value of frequency is at 112.5° which represented the eastern and southern east wind direction then the angle 150° that represented the southern and southern east along the winter season. It was observed that the maximum power of wind turbine reached to 115 W and 148 W for winter and summer season respectively. It is showed that the density of dry air is higher than that of humid air. The humid air implies lower density resulting in lower power from a wind turbine.
In low-resource settings with few health workers, Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring in labour can be inconsistent and unreliable. An initiative to improve fetal monitoring was implemented in two public hospitals in rural Liberia; the country with the second lowest number of midwives and nurses in the world (1.007 per 10,000 of the population). The initiative assessed the feasibility of educating women in labour to monitor their own FHR and alert a midwife of changes detected.
Publisher Summary This chapter describes electronic instrumentation and telematics. It presents an overview of typical automotive electronic instrumentation. In addition to providing measurements for display, modern automative instrumentation performs limited diagnosis of problems with various subsystems. Communication within the vehicle takes the form of digital data links between various electronic subsystems. Communication to and from the vehicle spans all communication from voice and digital data via cell or satellite phone systems to digital data sent from land or satellite. The chapter presents an overview of typical automotive electronic instrumentation. Low-cost solid-state electronics, including microprocessors, display devices, and sensors, have brought about major changes in the automative instrumentation. The inputs to a instrumentation computer include sensors for measuring various vehicle variables as well as diagnostic inputs from the other critical electronic subsystems. Automobile Internet connectivity opens a limitless range of services for the driver, from on-line navigation help to on-line diagnostic and/or road service for mechanical problems. One of the major issues in telematics is how to present information and services to the driver without distracting him or her from the driving tasks. In certain automobile models, the instrumentation computer can perform the important function of diagnosis of the electronic engine control system.
Using a novel spatial discrimination task, Bannerman and colleagues show that mice lacking hippocampal NMDA receptors in dentate gyrus and CA1 can encode and store spatial memories normally but fail to use this spatial knowledge to select appropriate responses from ambiguous choices.
Li-rich layered oxide is prepared and coated with an AlF3 layer by a chemical deposition method. The as-prepared and AlF3-coated Li-rich materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-prepared Li-rich oxide has a typical layered structure with the chemical formula of Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2, and the AlF3 layer with a thickness of about 5–7nm is coated on the surface of the Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2 grains. Galvanostatic charge–discharge tests at various rates show that the AlF3-coated Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2 has an obviously enhanced electrochemical performance compared with the as-prepared sample. At 0.2C rate, the AlF3-coated sample provides a large capacity of more than 250mAhg−1. The coulombic efficiency in the initial cycle is improved to 89.5% from 76.4%. At 5C rate, the reversible capacity of the AlF3-coated sample is stable at above 104mAhg−1 after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the as-prepared sample. According to the analysis from electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), the improvements of the electrochemical performance are mainly attributed to the pre-activation of the Li-rich layered oxide induced by the AlF3 coating and the maintenance of more active sites for the lithium ion intercalation/extraction in the AlF3-coated sample.
Three dimensional graphenes (3DG) have been studied with the aim of examining their properties in lithium batteries. They were prepared through a hydrothermal exfoliation of graphitic oxide (GO), combined with a chemical reducing agent and a surfactant for controlling the restacking of the graphene sheets and the self-assembling sheets. The changes in the synthesis conditions led to variations in the structural, morphological, textural and oxygen-based functional groups, as revealed by the XRD-RS, SEM, N2 adsorption and XPS data, respectively. As electrodes for Li-ion batteries, they varied in their behavior, but had a common feature: high irreversible capacity values and strong polarization between the discharge and charge curve, typical of disordered carbons. The 3DG synthesized by simple hydrothermal treatment of GO and the GO itself delivered high discharge capacity values (higher than the graphite’s, 370mAhg−1), but the capacity retention along cycling was poor. 3DG is obtained with a mixed synthesis (hydrothermal treatment, sucrose as chemical reducing agent and sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant), which provided lower capacities, though the capacity retention on cycling was better. Among the different properties measured, only the oxygen-based functional groups showed a direct relationship with the electrochemical response observed. The bigger the oxygen content, the higher was the delivered discharge capacity, with a disappointing capacity retention on cycling as detrimental effect.
Patents' search is increasingly critical for a company's technological advancement and sustainable marketing strategy. When most innovative designs are created collaboratively by a diverse team of researchers and technologists, patent knowledge management becomes time consuming with repeated efforts creating additional task conflicts. This research develops an intelligent recommendation methodology and system to enable timely and effective patent search prior, during, and after design collaboration to prevent potential infringement of existing intellectual property rights (IPR) and to secure new IPR for market advantage. The research develops an algorithm to dynamically search related patents in global patent databases. The system clusters users with similar patent search behaviors and, subsequently, infers new patent recommendations based on inter-cluster group member behaviors and characteristics. First, the methodology evaluates the filtered information obtained from collaborative patent searches. Second, the system clusters existing users and identifies users' neighbors based on the collaborative filtering algorithm. Using the clusters of users and their behaviors, the system recommends related patents. When collaborative design teams are planning R&D policies or searching patents and prior art claims to create new IP and prevent or settles IP legal disputes, the intelligent recommendation system identifies and recommends patents with greater efficiency and accuracy than previous systems and methods described in the literature.
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) have been identified as an option that can reduce criteria pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the transportation sector. The electricity demand of one of these vehicles is comparable to that of a typical U.S. household and thus clustering of PEVs in a neighborhood might have adverse effects on the transformer and disruption of service. In this paper, the electricity demand of a neighborhood is modeled based on measured vehicle and household data. The electricity demand profile of the PEVs is modeled based on the vehicle type, arrival and departure times and the daily miles traveled, all taken from the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). A thermal model is developed to calculate the hot spot temperature and loss of life of the transformer. Results show that Level 1 charging has a small impact on the transformer aging and that only in one case, with Level 2 charging, the transformer might fail due to excessive temperatures. Overall addition of a significant number of PEVs is manageable for the transformer. The negative effects on the life time can be mitigated by properly designing the transformers and using smart charging scenarios.
Conductive material coating on redox efficient transition-metal oxides is one of the approaches to enhance the conductivity of the metal oxides. This approach could greatly boost the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In this article an attractive low cost method to coat conductive carbon on V2O5 nanostructures is reported. When utilized as supercapacitor electrodes, this smart combination of C@V2O5 nanorods exhibits attractive capacitive features, including higher capacitance (417Fg−1 at 0.5Ag−1), superior rate capacity (341Fg−1 at 10Ag−1), very low charge transfer resistance (1.1Ω) and better cyclic stability. An asymmetric supercapacitor device based on C@V2O5 nanorod electrode delivers an energy density of 9.4Whkg−1 at a power density of 170Wkg−1.
A Li4/3Ti5/3O4/Li1+x (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−x O2 cell is shown to exhibit excellent cycling performance at both room and elevated temperature. This behaviour is attributed to the high stability of the Li4/3Ti5/3O4 anode at the bulk structure level as well as at the interface, because there is no solid electrolyte interface effect. Moreover, it is found that the impedances of both materials are dominated by electrochemical kinetics (Butler–Volmer kinetics), which makes this a good system for high-power applications. The high voltage polarization of the Li4/3Ti5/3O4 and Li1+x (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−x O2 electrodes at the end of the charge and discharge gives a good indication of cell overcharge and overdischarge.
Smoking is a serious public health problem around the world and causes many diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and some eye diseases. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and are distributed in the corneas, protecting the ocular surface against chemical compounds in the environment. Although CYPs are principally detoxification enzymes, CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 are known to participate in the induction of lung cancer by smoking. We studied the participation of CYPs in corneal dysfunction caused by exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) in a smoking rat model. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to MCS. Exposure to MCS caused corneal damage and lacrimal gland dysfunction. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CYP1A1 expression was upregulated in the corneal epithelium and ducts of the lacrimal glands, accompanied by an increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, which is a marker of oxidative DNA damage, was detected only in areas where CYP1A1 was expressed, whereas the level of hexanoyl–lysine adduct, which is an initial marker of oxidative damage of phospholipids, did not increase. Exposure to MCS damaged the corneas and lacrimal glands probably through DNA oxidation by ROS produced by CYP1A1. Although the influence of other components in MCS remains unclear, CYPs, especially CYP1A1, probably participate in corneal damage and lacrimal gland dysfunction induced by smoking.
Abstracts Designing high potential cathodes for Na-ion batteries, which are comparable in performance to Li-ion cathodes, remains a challenging task. Through comprehensive density functional calculations, we disentangle the relationship between the cathode potential and the ionicity of TM–O bonds in O3 NaTMO2 compounds in which TM ions is a fourth- or fifth-row transition metal. We demonstrate that the magnetic exchange interaction and the local distortions in the coordination environment of TM ions play more significant roles in determining the cathode potential of the TM3+ → TM4+ + e – reaction than the ionicity of the TM–O bonds in these compounds. These results indicate that designing cathode materials solely based on empirical electronegativity values to achieve high potential may not be a feasible strategy without taking into account a detailed structural assessment.
LiVO3 materials are synthesized by combustion method with oxalic acid as fuel. Owing to its relatively low crystallization and small particle size, the LiVO3 calcined at 450 °C for 2 h displays optimal electrochemical performances, delivering a high discharge capacity of 298.4 mAh g−1 and 262.5 mAh g−1 between 1.0 and 3.5 V at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and 500 mA g−1 respectively, and exhibiting good cyclic stability. In this work, the chemical diffusion coefficient of Li+ (D Li+) in the LiVO3 electrode is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The value calculated by EIS is in the range of 10−9–10−8 cm2 s−1, while it calculated by GITT is 10−9.5–10−8 cm2 s−1.
In this study, thin films of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) have been grown by the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on stainless steel substrate at two preferred temperatures (450 °C and 500 °C), using cobalt acetylacetonate dihydrate as precursor. Spherical as well as columnar microstructures of Co3O4 have been observed under controlled growth conditions. Further investigations reveal these films are phase-pure, well crystallized and carbon-free. High-resolution TEM analysis confirms that each columnar structure is a continuous stack of minute crystals. Comparative study between these Co3O4 films grown at 450 °C and 500 °C has been carried out for their application as negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Our method of electrode fabrication leads to a coating of active material directly on current collector without any use of external additives. A high specific capacity of 1168 micro Ah cm−2 μm−1 has been measured reproducibly for the film deposited at 500°C with columnar morphology. Further, high rate capability is observed when cycled at different current densities. The Co3O4 electrode with columnar structure has a specific capacity 38% higher than the electrode with spherical microstructure (grown at 450°C). Impedance measurements on the Co3O4 electrode grown at 500 °C also carried out to study the kinetics of the electrode process.
Harvest mechanical energy with variable frequency and amplitude in our environment for building self-powered systems is an effective and practically applicable technology to assure the independently and sustainable operation of mobile electronics and sensor networks without the use of a battery or at least with extended life time. In this study, we demonstrated a novel and simple arch-shaped flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that can efficiently harvesting irregular mechanical energy. The mechanism of the TENG was intensively discussed and illustrated. The instantaneous output power of single TENG device can reach as high as∼4.125mW by a finger typing, which is high enough to instantaneously drive 50 commercial blue LEDs connected in series, demonstrating the potential application of the TENG for self-powered systems and mobile electronics.
The influence of the high-energy ball milling on the corrosion behavior of magnesium in aqueous media has been investigated through electrochemical experiments complemented by morphological, structural, chemical and surface analyses. The milling duration was varied from 0 to 40h. Polarization curves show that the milling procedure improves the magnesium corrosion resistance in passive conditions (KOH solution) and in more active corrosion conditions (borate solution). This is illustrated by the corrosion potential which becomes nobler with milling. The variation of the polarization resistance and related corrosion current with milling time is also an indication of the improvement of the Mg corrosion resistance due to the milling. Moreover, the passive current is significantly lower for milled Mg. The Mg crystallite size is reduced from >100 to 34nm after 10h of milling and does not decrease significantly with further milling. The iron contamination of the Mg powder due to the erosion of the milling tools is very low (0.09wt.% after 40h of milling). In contrast, a significant oxygen contamination occurs during milling (2.6wt.% after 40h of milling). XPS and AES data indicate MgO enrichment in the bulk of the milled Mg without significant MgO increase at the powder surface. The corrosion improvement was attributed to the increase through the milling process of the density of surface defects and grain boundaries susceptible to increase the number of nucleation sites for Mg hydroxylation in aqueous media, leading to the rapid formation of a dense and protective Mg(OH)2 layer.
Voters who believe that the nation's economy has been worsening are more inclined to vote against the incumbent president than are those who believe it has not been getting worse. This relationship could be present because voters condition their support for the incumbents upon their perceptions of the economy, or, alternatively, because they condition their perceptions of the economy upon their underlying, partisan-based support of the incumbents. If the latter, economic perceptions in mass publics would be more a function of partisan rationalization than of the actual performance of the economy. However, the analyses reported here, based upon a pooled sample of respondents interviewed by the American National Election Studies between 1968 and 2008, provide strong evidence of the former scenario, not the latter. Perceptions of economic trends clearly and accurately track actual changes in GDP and unemployment. Bias due to partisanship is minor.
We assessed the ability of ICI 182,780 (ICI) to block the estradiol (E2) responses of genes within the sheep uterus. Ovariectomized ewes in the ‘ICI+E2’ treatment group received a uterine infusion with 10−7 M ICI for 14 h, an injection of 50 μg E2 6 h after the infusion started, and were hysterectomized 18 h postinjection. Other groups received only ICI or E2, or neither treatment (‘Con’). Both E2 and ICI increased the wet weight of dissected endometrium: averaging 10.0±1.2 g for ICI+E2, ICI, and E2 groups compared to 6.8±0.6 g for Con. Slot blot analyses of endometrial RNA showed that estrogen receptor-α (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), cyclophilin, actin and c-fos mRNAs responded to E2 treatment: the first five increased an average of 60% while the last decreased 38%. In situ hybridization identified more subtle ICI effects: agonistic up-regulation of GAPDH mRNA in superficial endometrial cells, and antagonistic down-regulation of ER and PR mRNAs in the inner layer of the myometrium. Thus, we conclude that the agonist versus antagonist effects of ICI relative to those of E2 are a function of the gene examined as well as the specific cell within the uterus.