batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Realizing a reversible and long-life nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery has been proven extremely challenging due to reactive reaction products/intermediates that rapidly corrode and passivate the cathode. In this work, we effectively protect the cathode from oxygenated side reactions by manipulating the fluxes of reduced discharge mediator (rDM) and O2, thereby creating a steady-state rDM-rich region which completely covers the cathode. This rDM-rich region acts as a dynamic O2 shield and isolates the cathode from oxygen reactions. We demonstrate that this strategy eliminates 98% of the by-products on the cathode, achieving a more than 10-fold increase in cycle life compared to conventional dual-mediator cells. A diffusion-reaction model is developed to assist understanding of the system and to guide future design. This work demonstrates an effective approach to achieve degradation-free cathodes for efficient and long-life Li–O2 batteries.
Nearly stoichiometric LiCo1−x Mn x O2 mixed oxides (x=0, 0.2) were prepared by using a sol–gel method and their electrochemical properties as lithium cell cathodes were examined. Gels of the two samples fired at 400°C exhibited the same structure as LT-LiCoO2, with the transition elements in a tervalent state as revealed by XPS spectroscopy. A modified spinel structure model is proposed to account for the X-ray diffraction data. Substitution of Co by Mn ions has the following favorable effects on the electrochemical properties: (i) a decrease in polarization between the charge and discharge curves; (ii) an increase in capacity delivered by the cell; (iii) a marked improvement in the cycling properties of the cell, particularly when the calcining temperature is raised to 600°C. The enhanced cell performance is ascribed to lithium occupying in an orderly manner available positions in the modified spinel structure adopted. The presence of Mn enhances cation ordering, thus increasing the reversibility of the lithium reaction.
Simonkolleite-graphene foam (SimonK/GF) composite has been synthesized by a facile solvothermal and environmentally friendly technique with excellent electrochemical properties. The obtained product was initially analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The microscopy results reveal hexagonal sheets interlaced with each other and adjacent graphene sheets. The existence of graphene foam in the simonK/GF composite is further confirmed from the structural and the optical characteristics obtained from XRD and FTIR respectively. The BET results obtained indicate an improvement in the surface area due to the addition of graphene foam to a value of 39.58m2 g−1. The N2 adsorption/desorption also shows the presence of active mesopores required for charge transport. As a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, the composite shows a high specific capacitance value of 1094F/g at 1A/g with a coulombic efficiency of 100% after 1000 cycles. These results show a potential for adoption of this composite in energy storage applications.
Objective We present a new method of effectively removing imaging artifacts of electroencephalography (EEG) and extensively conserving the time–frequency features of EEG signals during simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning under conventional conditions. Methods Under the conventional conditions of a 5000Hz EEG sampling rate, but in the absence of the MRI slice-timing signals, the imaging artifact during each slice scanning is theoretically inferred to be a linear combination of the average artifact waveform and its derivatives, deduced by band-limited Taylor's expansion. Technically, the imaging artifact reduction algorithm is equivalent to an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Results The capability of this novel method removing the imaging artifacts of EEG recording during fMRI scanning has been demonstrated by a phantom experiment. Moreover, the effectiveness of this method in conserving the time–frequency features of EEG activity has been evaluated by both visually evoked experiments and alpha waves. Conclusions The adaptive FIR method is an effective method of removing the imaging artifacts under conventional conditions, and also conserving the time–frequency EEG signals. Significance The proposed adaptive FIR method, removing the imaging artifacts, combined with the wavelet-based non-linear noise reduction (WNNR) method [Wan X, Iwata K, Riera J, Ozaki T, Kitamura M, Kawashima R. Artifact reduction for EEG/fMRI recording: Nonlinear reduction of ballistocardiogram artifacts. Clin Neurophysiol 2006;117:668–80], reducing the ballistocardiogram artifacts (BAs), makes it feasible to obtain accurate EEG signals from the simultaneous EEG recordings during fMRI scanning.
Microgrid is universally accepted as a new approach to solve the global energy problem. In a microgrid, the optimal sizing of energy storage is necessary to ensure reliability and improve economic efficiency. Its sizing results are impacted by uncertainty on natural resources, energy storage as well as load, and it is hard to coordinate these factors. Therefore, microgrid needs more improved strategies for optimal sizing. In this paper, we present a power source sizing strategy with integrated consideration of characteristics of distributed generations, energy storage and loads. Distributed generations consist of wind turbine, photovoltaic panels, combined heat and power generation (CHP) as well as electric vehicles. A two-layer hybrid energy storage system with three storage types (i.e. super capacitor, li-ion battery, lead-acid battery) is constructed based on their power density, energy density, response speed and lifetime, as well as load classification. Power load differences among different time intervals which are supplied by different types of storage leads to allocation of energy storage. An objective function is established based on life cycle cost (LCC) theory, which includes construction cost, operation maintenance cost, recycling profit, environment cost, and energy shortage compensation. Three scenarios, in which particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used for the optimal sizing, modeling and results calculating. From the simulations results analysis, it is found that the proposed model and strategy are feasible and practical.
In this paper, a simple one-step doping spray method using liquid polyacrylonitrile (LPAN) is reported, for the preparation of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) precursor, after calcination, to obtain a loose and porous sphere-shaped NCA (LPAN@NCA). The initial discharge specific capacity was found to be 227.9 mA h g−1 at 0.1C, which is 26.6% higher than that of the pristine sample. Its capacity retention rate was found to be 93.59% after 200 cycles, and the surface morphology of the material grains after the cycles remains intact. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that doping with LPAN can effectively decrease the amount of disorder of Ni2+ in Li + position that gets reduced by 2.72%. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that after the carbonization of LPAN, the C atoms replace part of O atoms, effectively forming a new compound. The decrease in the impedance of the battery materials before and after the cycle and the increase of lithium ion mobility also confirms the effectiveness of LPAN doping. The LPAN@NCA prepared by in-situ doping of LPAN by spraying method is simple and effective, which exhibits high specific capacities, superior rate performance and excellent recycling stability, that has a good commercial application prospect.
Economic evaluation typically is conducted using health state utilities to estimate treatment benefits. However, such outcomes are often missing from studies of clinical effectiveness. This study aims to bridge that gap by providing appropriate methods to link values from the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to the EQ-5D utility instrument.
Neuronal activity across task states converges onto a low-dimensional manifold. Flow within this attractor space covaries with network-level topology, fluid intelligence, and regional differences in the density of neuromodulatory receptors.
Canada's Saltworks Technologies is helping Standard Lithium – a speciality chemical company that focuses on unlocking the value of existing large-scale US-based lithium-bearing brine resources – to produce high-purity lithium carbonate.
Pseudocapacitive Na+ storage based on the fast absorption/desorption kinetics is a new alternative to realize the high rate capability, which rely on increasing the surface area and creating surface vacancies. This means low Na+ capacity because of low dielectric constant for the reported pseudocapacitive Na+ storage materials. According to the capacitance formula, we find increasing the dielectric constant is a new path to improve the Na+ capacity. This dielectricity (other than surface engineering) based pseudocapacitance can be called more real pseudocapacitance. The superparaelectric 2-dimensional (2D) Sn2P2S6 has much higher dielectric constant than the bulk counterpart. The identical polaron direction triggered superparaelectricity and high dielectric constant of 2D Sn2P2S6 are well verified. And 2D assembly between the 2D Sn2P2S6 and graphene construct the compact network for conductivity of electron and Na+. As results, the 2D Sn2P2S6 battery based on more real pseudocapacitance delivers alloy-like capacity and long cycle stability.
Since oleic acid (OA, 18:1 c9) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n6) may have antagonistic actions, it is of interest to assess their relative abundances. We previously reported an inverse correlation between % OA and %AA. However, percentages of the same sum may be correlated without involving biology. We now investigate whether random numbers, generated within the true concentration distributions for OA and AA, may be correlated.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) may affect the excitability of brain circuits by inhibiting neurotransmitter release at central synapses. There is evidence that local delivery of BoNT serotypes A and E, which target SNAP-25, a component of the release machinery specific to excitatory synapses, can inhibit seizure generation. BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B) targets VAMP2, which is expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory terminals. Here we assessed the effects of unilateral intrahippocampal infusion of BoNT/B in the rat on intravenous pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure thresholds, and on the expression of spontaneous behavioral and electrographic seizures. Infusion of BoNT/B (500 and 1000unit) by convection-enhanced delivery caused a reduction in myoclonic twitch and clonic seizure thresholds in response to intravenous PTZ beginning about 6days after the infusion. Handling-evoked and spontaneous convulsive seizures were observed in many BoNT/B-treated animals but not in vehicle-treated controls. Spontaneous electrographic seizure discharges were recorded in the dentate gyrus of animals that received local BoNT/B infusion. In addition, there was an increased frequency of interictal epileptiform spikes and sharp waves at the same recording site. BoNT/B-treated animals also exhibited tactile hyperresponsivity in comparison with vehicle-treated controls. This is the first demonstration that BoNT/B causes a delayed proconvulsant action when infused into the hippocampus. Local infusion of BoNT/B could be useful as a focal epilepsy model.
Renewable energy can help developing countries meet their sustainable development goals through access to clean, secure, reliable and affordable energy. The scarcity and the depletion of conventional energy resources, with rising fuel prices and harmful emissions from fossil fuels, make electricity production from conventional energy sources highly unsustainable and economically unviable. Access to electricity for rural population is woefully low in Burkina Faso with only 15% electricity coverage for the all country. This paper uses the LCOE technique in a case study of Pissila a village of Burkina Faso to demonstrate that off grid hybrid solar PV/Diesel configuration is the optimum electricity production system that could help provide sustainable and affordable electricity to rural population. The results revealed that the hybrid configuration PV/Diesel leads to about 54% decrease of the LCOE when compared to conventional diesel generator stand alone configuration. Furthermore, it has been shown that the discount rate and fuel prices have a sharp impact on the LCOE. A decline of the interest rate from 9% to 0% results in 83% decrease of electricity cost while an increase of fuel cost from $1.2/L to $3/L results in a staggering 110% increase of the LCOE.
High surface nanosized rutile TiO2 is prepared via a sol–gel method from an ethylene glycol-based titanium-precursor in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant, at pH 0. Its electrochemical behaviour has been investigated at low temperature using two different potential windows. Typically, the potential window of the rutile system is 1–3V but the use of an enlarged potential window (0.1–3V), leads to an excellent reversible capacity of 341mAhg−1 which is comparable to graphite anodes. The electrochemical performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic techniques at temperatures ranging from −40 to 20°C. Nanosized TiO2 exhibits excellent rate capability (341mAhg−1 at 20°C, 197mAhg−1 at −10°C, 138mAhg−1 at −20°C, and 77mAhg−1 at −40°C at a C/5 rate) and good cycling stability. The superior low-temperature electrochemical performance of nanosized rutile TiO2 may make it a promising candidate as lithium-ion battery material.
In this study, we synthesize the LaxSr1−xCoO3−δ (0.3≤x≤1) nanofibers (LNF-x) by Electrospun method to improve the energy density of supercapacitor. As well, the structure and electrochemical properties of LNF-x are investigated in detail. As a result, LNF-0.7 sample with high specific surface area possesses the maximum specific capacitance value of 747.75F·g−1 at a current density of 2A·g−1 in 1M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. In addition, a symmetric supercapacitor and an asymmetric supercapacitor are constructed using the LNF-0.7 as the positive electrode, while the LNF-0.7 and activated carbon (AC) are applied to the negative electrode, respectively. The LNF-0.7//LNF-0.7 device with an extended operating voltage range of 0-1.6V displays excellent electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 34.8Wh·kg−1 at a low power density of 400W·kg−1. On the other hand, the LNF-0.7//AC supercapacitor is operated reversibly at a high cell voltage of 2.0V and exhibits a high energy density of 27.7 Wh·kg−1 with a low power density of 500W·kg−1. Furthermore, the LNF-0.7//LNF-0.7 and LNF-0.7//AC devices have superior cycling stability with ∽97% and ∽80% specific capacitance retention after 2000 cycles, respectively.
We propose the development of Ni-stabilizing electrolyte additives to fundamentally prevent the degradation of Ni-rich layered cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries because unstable surface Ni and the dissolved Ni2+ are the major problems of those systems. The Ni2+-affinity is investigated as a key factor of the Ni-stabilizing additives. However, when providing a noble function to the electrolyte additive, the redox stability of the additives should be also understood. Thus, in addition to the intrinsic oxidation energy, the protonation and dehydrogenation energies of the additive molecules are calculated to determine the H-transfer-driven electrolyte oxidation. The Li+-complexation is considered to model the electrolyte reduction. We investigate the molecular-leveled computed factors of electrolyte materials using fully automated high-throughput ab initio calculations. Those computed factors for representative molecules based on CO3, SO4, SO3, SO2, PC3, PO3, and OPO3, which are of great interest as major parts of electrolyte materials, are discussed to guide the additive development. In particular, SO2 and OPO3 molecules, which can strongly stabilize Ni2+ in a structurally stable form, have great advantages as Ni-stabilizing electrolyte additives for completion of Ni-rich layered cathode systems.
Non-toxic, cheap, nanostructured ternary transition metal oxide CuFeO2 was synthesised using a simple sol–gel method at different temperatures. The effects of the processing temperature on the particle size and electrochemical performance of the nanostructured CuFeO2 were investigated. The electrochemical results show that the sample synthesised at 650°C shows the best cycling performance, retaining a specific capacity of 475mAhg−1 beyond 100 cycles, with a capacity fading of less than 0.33% per cycle. The electrode also exhibits good rate capability in the range of 0.5C–4C. At the high rate of 4C, the reversible capacity of CuFeO2 is around 170mAhg−1. It is believed that the ternary transition metal oxide CuFeO2 is quite acceptable compared with other high performance nanostructured anode materials.
The increased deployment of intermittent renewable energy generators opens up opportunities for grid-connected energy storage. Batteries offer significant flexibility but are relatively expensive at present. Battery lifetime is a key factor in the business case, and it depends on usage, but most techno-economic analyses do not account for this. For the first time, this paper quantifies the annual benefits of grid-connected batteries including realistic physical dynamics and nonlinear electrochemical degradation. Three lithium-ion battery models of increasing realism are formulated, and the predicted degradation of each is compared with a large-scale experimental degradation data set (Mat4Bat). A respective improvement in RMS capacity prediction error from 11% to 5% is found by increasing the model accuracy. The three models are then used within an optimal control algorithm to perform price arbitrage over one year, including degradation. Results show that the revenue can be increased substantially while degradation can be reduced by using more realistic models. The estimated best case profit using a sophisticated model is a 175% improvement compared with the simplest model. This illustrates that using a simplistic battery model in a techno-economic assessment of grid-connected batteries might substantially underestimate the business case and lead to erroneous conclusions.
Conductive carbon scaffolds are efficient and effective to build advanced carbon/sulfur composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, the areal sulfur loading is commonly less than 4.0 mg cm−2, which limits the energy density and practical application of Li–S cells. In this contribution, three-dimensional (3D) aluminum foam/carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds were applied as the current collectors to build long- and short-range electron pathways and provided enough space for high sulfur loading. The sulfur loading amount on the 3D current collectors ranged from 7.0 to 12.5 mg cm−2. A high initial discharge capacity of 6.02 mAh cm−2 (860 mAh g−1) was achieved on an electrode with an improved sulfur loading of 7.0 mg cm−2. Therefore, the combination of 3D long-range current collectors and short-range CNT conductive scaffold provides an efficient and effective route to make full use of sulfur with a very high sulfur loading amount in a Li–S cell.
In this work, a typical South Norwegian house with BIPV system is considered for potential application of on-site battery energy storage. Economic and technical operation performance analysis has revealed that such a system can perform techno-economically much better compared to its counterpart. Techno-economic performance of BIPV system with appropriate energy storage has been evaluated for grid power supply limits with appropriate energy tariff for minimizing the annualized energy cost. It has been assumed that the capital costs associated with PV has been included in the building mortgage and expected that in the near future, the grid power supply limits would be introduced and therefore the BIPV house owner may need to install the battery with additional investments and it may affect the techno-economic performance of the BIPV energy system. It has been observed that during month-wise appropriate grid power supply limits, battery with BIPV system can perform much better through energy throughput compare to other reported scenarios. The correlation analysis has been presented for techno-economic performance indicators and observed that there is a strong correlation among PV energy production and grid energy supply. Correlation analysis among the technical and economic performance indicators may be useful for techno-economic of BIPV system.
In this study, a novel nanobiomaterial based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles functionalized with newly synthesized guanine hydrazide (GH) was elaborated. A boron-doped diamond electrode coated with GH-APTES–Fe3O4 nanoparticles was used to assess the interaction of heavy metal ions with guanine hydrazide. The adsorption isotherms were electrochemically investigated and it was shown that the adsorption capacity of the nanoparticles towards heavy metals decreased in the following order: Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. From the calibration curves, the sensitivities of detection were as follows: 171.6 µA/µM for Cu(II), 156 µA/µM for Pb(II), and 101.4 µA/µM for Cd(II).
The Nexa™ power module is evaluated at membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) and stack levels. The I–V Curves of the Nexa™ PEM fuel cell system is measured using periodic current interruption to maintain isothermal stack temperature. The uniformity analysis is mainly performed on the load of 800W for all MEAs in 10 individual Nexa™ stacks. Statistical data show that the MEA voltage without an external load averages 224mV higher than that with a load of 800W. The MEA voltage difference is especially pronounced around the two cells at the air compressor side. The average difference is 8.8% and the highest difference is 13.1% between the minimum MEA voltage in the stack and the mean value. This voltage difference reveals a possibility to increase the product power capability and cut the cost per kilowatts by improving the weak performance electrodes or MEAs in the stack.
Hyperbranched polymers comprised of polyrotaxanes as mechanically stable backbone and grafted polycaprolactone (PCL) side chains are utilized as solid polymer electrolyte for application in lithium metal (LMBs) and lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The polyrotaxanes were obtained from self-assembly of Cyclodextrin (CD) host molecules threading onto polyethylenoxide (PEO) chains. In particular, CD serves as initiator for a ring-opening-polymerization of PCL affording pendant side chains with merely a few monomer unit lengths that foster enhanced lithium ion transport, as mediated by well-defined lamellar morphology of the PCL side chains. An impressive ionic conductivity of 1 mS cm−1 of the solid polymer electrolyte at 60 °C and more than 0.1 mS cm-1 at room temperature in addition to a superior oxidative electrochemical stability of up to 4.7 V vs. Li/Li+ allows for robust galvanostatic cycling in LiFePO4|Li cells, even at reduced temperatures not accessible by commonly utilized PEO-based electrolytes. The hyperbranched polymers can be readily up-scaled and further modified, thereby demonstrating the versatility of the introduced class of solid-state polymer electrolytes, as reflected by its interfacial stability against the high-capacity Lithium metal anode.