batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this work, we constructed 3D flower-like MoS2 spheres with nanosheets (less than 10nm) by a simple alcohol-assisted solvothermal route. It was found that the presence of alcohol enhanced the dispersity of MoS2 samples, and the distilled water facilitated the formation of nanosheets through varying the volume ratio of alcohol and distilled water. The prepared MoS2 samples delivered high initial discharge capacity (1346mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1), good coulombic efficiency (77.49% retention for the first cycle and ∼100% for the subsequent cycles), excellent cycling performance (947mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1 after 50 cycles) and remarkable rate behavior as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The superior behavior of MoS2 samples for lithium ion batteries can be ascribed to the thin nanosheets, high specific surface area and their unique layered structure.
Carbon electrodes with perovskite-type oxide catalysts were investigated as air electrodes for aqueous lithium-air secondary batteries. The system consisted of a water-stable lithium electrode, an aqueous solution of saturated LiOH with 10 M LiCl as electrolyte, and a carbon black air electrode with perovskite catalyst additive. The stability, oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution catalytic activity of the La0.6Ca0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3, La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.8Mn0.2O3, and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 perovskite-type oxides were examined in the LiOH–LiCl electrolyte. The perovskite-type oxides were stable in this solution and the oxygen reduction and evolution overpotential on the carbon black substrate was decreased by addition of these perovskite-type oxides. No chlorine evolution was observed during the oxidation reaction on carbon black with the perovskite-type oxides in the LiOH–LiCl electrolyte. The results indicate that carbon black with perovskite-type oxide additives is a potential candidate for the air electrode in the aqueous electrolyte lithium-air rechargeable batteries.
A magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell (SFC) is under development at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) as an energetic electrochemical system for low rate, long endurance undersea vehicle applications. This electrochemical system consists of a magnesium anode, a sodium chloride anolyte, a conductive membrane, a catalyzed carbon current collector, and a catholyte of sodium chloride, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Bipolar electrode fabrication to minimize cell stack volume, long duration testing, and scale-up of electrodes from 77 to 1000cm2 have been the objectives of this project. Single cell and multi-cell testing at the 77cm2 configuration have been utilized to optimize all testing parameters including start-up conditions, flow rates, temperatures, and electrolyte concentrations while maintaining high voltages and efficiencies. The fabrication and testing of bipolar electrodes and operating parameter optimization for large electrode area cells will be presented. Designs for 1000cm2 electrodes, electrolyte flow patterns and current/voltage distribution across these large area cells will also be discussed.
Electric flight is of increasing interest in order to reduce emissions of pollution and greenhouse gases in the aviation field in particular when the takeoff mass is low, as in the case of lightweight cargo transport or remotely controlled drones. The present investigation addresses two key issues in electric flight, namely the correct calculation of the endurance and the comparison between batteries and fuel cells, with a mission-based approach. As a test case, a light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) powered exclusively by a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell with a gaseous hydrogen tank was compared with the same aircraft powered by different kinds of Lithium batteries sized to match the energy stored in the hydrogen tank. The mass and the volume of each powertrain were calculated with literature data about existing technologies for propellers, motors, batteries and fuel cells. The empty mass and the wing area of the UAV were amended with the mass of the proposed powertrain to explore the range of application of the proposed technologies. To evaluate the efficiency of the whole powertrain a simulation software was used instead of considering only level flight. This software allowed an in-depth analysis on the efficiency of all sub-systems along the flight. The secondary demand of power for auxiliaries was taken into account along with the propulsive power. The main parameter for the comparison was the endurance but the takeoff performance, the volume of the powertrain and the environmental impact were also taken into account. The battery-based powertrain was found to be the most suitable for low-energy applications while the fuel cell performed better when increasing the amount of energy stored on board. The investigation allowed the estimation of the threshold above which the fuel cell based powertrain becomes the best solution for the UAV.
An integrated installation for treatment of municipal solid waste and comparable waste from industrial origin is described. It consists of three grate furnace lines with flue gas treatment by half-wet scrubbing followed by wet scrubbing, and an installation for wet treatment of bottom ash. It is demonstrated that this integrated installation combines high recovery of energy (40.8% net) with high materials recovery. The following fractions were obtained after wet treatment of the bottom ash: ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, three granulate fractions with different particle sizes, and sludge. The ferrous and non-ferrous metal fractions can both be recycled as high quality raw materials; the two larger particle size particle fractions can be applied as secondary raw materials in building applications; the sand fraction can be used for applications on a landfill; and the sludge is landfilled. For all components of interest, emissions to air are below the limit values. The integrated grate furnace installation is characterised by zero wastewater discharge and high occupational safety. Moreover, with the considered installation, major pollutants, such as PCDD/PCDF, Hg and iodine-136 are to a large extent removed from the environment and concentrated in a small residual waste stream (flue gas cleaning residue), which can be landfilled after stabilisation.
Pristine Li5Cr7Ti6O25 and polypyrrole-modified Li5Cr7Ti6O25 materials are successfully synthesized by a facile sol-gel process. Based on the X-ray diffraction pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, a homogeneous polypyrrole layer is successfully coated on the surface of Li5Cr7Ti6O25 particles. The polypyrrole modification improves the reversibility and migration ability of lithium intercalation/deintercalation and reduces the charge-transfer reaction resistance. Li5Cr7Ti6O25@ polypyrrole shows higher delithiation/lithiation capacities and more excellent cycling performance at different charge-discharge rates than the pristine one. Li5Cr7Ti6O25@polypyrrole delivers a delithiation capacity of 115.9 mAh·g−1 with 87.23% capacity retention cycled at 10C/3 rate after 300 cycles and a delithiation capacity of 132 mAh g−1 with 72.2% capacity retention cycled at 20C/3 charge-discharge rate after 150 cycles. Hence, polypyrrole coating can be considered as an effective way to enhance the electrochemical property of Li5Cr7Ti6O25 for advanced Li-ion battery, and the effective design strategy may be used to improve the lithium storage capacity and cycling stability of other Ti-based negative electrodes.
Joint replacement is an effective intervention for people with advanced arthritis, although there is an important minority of patients who do not improve post-operatively. There is a need for robust evidence on outcomes after surgery, but there are a number of measures that assess function after joint replacement, many of which lack any clear theoretical basis. The World Health Organisation has introduced the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which divides function into three separate domains: Impairment, activity limitations and participation restrictions. The aim of this study is to compare the properties and responsiveness of a selection of commonly used outcome tools that assess function, examine how well they relate to the ICF concepts, and to explore the changes in the measures over time.
This paper reports on the national renewable electricity supply provided largely by solar photovoltaics and wind power, together with hydro, geothermal and biomass, in Japan. The preliminary statistical analysis of the Japanese data shows that the optimal mix to minimise the standard deviation of mismatch and the theoretical energy storage capacity is a combination of 75% solar and 25% wind power. Dynamic simulations were performed to calculate the electricity supply with hourly weather data regarding solar radiation and wind speed for the electricity demand in a target year approximately 2050. Simulations with different parameters reveal the relationships between energy storage, excess energy and back-up energy. The results show that the optimal mix is the same as that proposed by a statistical study and that the necessary electricity storage capacity is five times that of pumped storage hydro today.
In Germany’s federal state of Schleswig–Holstein (S–H) the installed capacity of distributed electricity generation from renewable energy sources has been growing faster than the transmission capability of the distribution and transmission networks. Currently, this causes network congestions and requires corrective measures such as curtailment. Hence, around 3.5% of renewable production in S–H was curtailed in 2012. As one potential option for reducing these yield losses, energy storage has been suggested. Costs of different storage technologies used for this purpose are investigated in this paper. Detailed empirical data from recent years is used to assess the characteristics of curtailment actions. The analysis shows that storage’s cycling intensity is low while the power intensity is potentially high on the distribution grid level. From a transmission grid perspective, congestions are analysed studying the residual load exepected in a 2025 scenario in combination with current and future capacities to and from S–H. The results suggest that considerable amounts of surplus situations for a potential utilisation by energy storage only occur with current transfer capacities and diminish with the planned transmission grid expansion. By looking at the cost assessment results on both the distribution and transmission grid level, it is obvious that solely utilising current and 2025 levels of curtailed energy does not allow the cost recovery for any of the considered storage technologies. Hence, additional storage capacity in S–H for reducing curtailment losses is only viable if complementary use cases can be found or parts of the investment costs can be socialised or if the costs of storage technologies drop significantly.
Hydrogenated titanium oxyfluorides (TiOF2) nanoparticles were synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal method and subsequent hydrogenation treatment. As anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the hydrogenated TiOF2 showed a superior rate performance compared to the pristine TiOF2. A charge capacity of 118.4 mA h g−1 was achieved at the current density of 1053 mA g−1 upon 150 cycles, which was 4 times higher than that of the pristine TiOF2. The rate performance of the hydrogenated TiOF2 at different current densities of 42, 210, 1053, 2106, 5265, 10530, 21060 and 52650 mA g−1 was 2.8, 6.0, 13.2, 14.7, 21.5, 30.6, 67.9 and 483.3 times higher than those of the pristine TiOF2 electrode at the corresponding rates, respectively. The remarkable improvement of the electrochemical performance was likely related to the size breakdown in the (001) direction after hydrogenation, instead of oxygen vacancies induced better charge transfer properties.
Films of an ion conducting, polyblend electrolyte based on (polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)+polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) complexed with KIO3 are prepared by a solution–cast technique. Measurements of dc conductivity and transference number are made to investigate the order of conductivity and the charge transport in this polyblend electrolyte. Transference number values show that the charge transport in this electrolyte is predominantly due to ions (t ion=0.97). The magnitude of conductivity increases with increase in the concentration of the salt and temperature. Using this electrolyte, electrochemical cells are fabricated and their discharge characteristics are studied under different loads. The results show that KIO3 polyblend electrolytes offer interesting alternatives to other solid-state battery systems. The electrochemical decomposition potential (ECDP) is determined for the polyblend electrolyte. From the ECDP studies, the values of open-circuit voltage (OCV) are calculated and are in good agreement with those obtained from discharge studies.
Cherry BJ, Weiss J, Barakat BK, Rutledge DN, Jones CJ. Physical performance as a predictor of attention and processing speed in fibromyalgia. Objective To explore the associations between physical (both self-report and objective measures) and cognitive function for persons with fibromyalgia (FM). Design Correlational study. Setting An exercise testing laboratory in southern California. Participants Community-residing and functionally independent (not wheelchair-bound) adults meeting the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for FM (N=51) with a mean age of 54 years and no history of stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Composite Physical Function Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, adapted Trail Making Test parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, a composite index of TMT-A, TMT-B, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test combined, and physical performance assessments. Results Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that better objective physical performance predicted increased cognitive function for TMT-A and the composite cognitive score after controlling for age and symptom burden. That is, as the physical performance level decreased, cognitive performance levels decreased. Conclusions Findings suggest that research is needed to determine whether patterns of physical activity participation, through their effects on physical fitness and performance, can enhance cognitive performance in persons with FM. Physiologic changes in specific brain regions in FM (eg, hippocampus, neural pain regions) suggest that further research is also warranted in determining specific relationships between biomarkers and cognitive performance in persons with FM.
ABSTRACT We review theoretical results on anti-plane motions of polarized ceramics based on the linear theory of piezoelectricity. Solutions to dynamic problems of the propagation of bulk acoustic waves (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW), vibrations of finite bodies, and applications to various piezoelectric devices including piezoelectric waveguides, resonators, mass sensors, uid sensors, actuators, nondestructive evaluation, power harvesters (generators), transformers, and power transmission through an elastic wall by acoustic waves are discussed. Complications due to material inhomogeneity, initial stress, electromagnetic coupling, electric field gradient and semiconduction are also discussed. The paper cites 82 references.
Introduction It has been proposed that theory of mind (ToM) deficits underlying difficulties in taking the perspective of others may substantially contribute to insight impairment in schizophrenia. The present study aimed to explore the effect of ToM deficits on insight impairment independently of co-existent neurocognitive deficits and symptom severity in chronic schizophrenia. Methods Fifty-eight chronic patients with schizophrenia and 56 matched healthy participants were assessed with the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI–E) along with a series of ToM tasks and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological measures. Symptoms were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Results ToM impairment explained a substantial proportion of variance in overall insight and its three major components: awareness of illness, relabelling of symptoms and treatment compliance. Moreover, the effect of ToM deficits on insight remained significant even after controlling for all neurocognitive factors and symptom ratings. Regression analysis showed that symptoms and cognitive deficits also contribute to impaired insight in schizophrenia. General intellectual ability was negatively associated with both overall insight and relabelling of symptoms. Executive functions were negatively associated with relabelling. Conclusion Our findings confirm that ToM deficits negatively affect insight independently of neurocognitive deficits and symptom severity in chronic schizophrenia. The effect of ToM deficits on insight should be further examined in the broader context of the failures in metacognition and their relationships with insight impairment in schizophrenia.
Placental like alkaline phosphate (PLAP), an oncofetal antigen, is highly expressed in germ cell, cervical, ovarian and several other tumour types but minimally in normal tissues. The expression of a PLAP promoter based transcriptional unit following antigen mediated cell specific delivery is a possible approach for tumour targeting.
Peripherally restricted analgesics are desirable to avoid central nervous system (CNS) side effects of opioids. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs produce peripheral analgesia but have significant toxicity. GABAB receptors represent peripheral targets for analgesia but selective GABAB agonists like baclofen cross the blood–brain barrier. Recently, we found that the CNS-impermeant amino acid, isovaline, produces analgesia without apparent CNS effects. On observing that isovaline has GABAB activity in brain slices, we examined the hypothesis that isovaline produces peripheral analgesia mediated by GABAB receptors. We compared the peripheral analgesic and CNS effect profiles of isovaline, baclofen, and GABA (a CNS-impermeant, unselective GABAB agonist). All three amino acids attenuated allodynia induced by prostaglandin E2 injection into the mouse hindpaw and tested with von Frey filaments. The antiallodynic actions of isovaline, baclofen, and GABA were blocked by the GABAB antagonist, CGP52432, and potentiated by the GABAB modulator, CGP7930. We measured Behavioural Hyperactivity Scores and temperature change as indicators of GABAergic action in the CNS. ED95 doses of isovaline and GABA produced no CNS effects while baclofen produced substantial sedation and hypothermia. In a mouse model of osteoarthritis, isovaline restored performance during forced exercise to baseline values. Immunohistochemical staining of cutaneous layers of the analgesic test site demonstrated co-localization of GABAB1 and GABAB2 receptor subunits on fine nerve endings and keratinocytes. Isovaline represents a new class of peripherally restricted analgesics without CNS effects, mediated by cutaneous GABAB receptors.
Arrays of oriented poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) micro/nanorods are synthesized by electrochemical galvanostatic method at the current density of 1mAcm−2 in the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution whose pH value is 1. The CTAB is used both as the surfactant and the supporting salt in the electrolyte solution. The electrochemical properties of PEDOT films are characterized by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques, which indicate that the arrays of oriented PEDOT micro/nanorods can be applied as the electrode materials of supercapacitors. In addition, the cycling performance of PEDOT micro/nanorods is much better than that of traditional PEDOT particles. The effects of the concentration of CTAB, the current density, and pH value of electrolyte solutions on the morphologies and electrochemical properties of PEDOT films are investigated. The mechanism of different morphologies formation is discussed in this study as well.
Hybrid nanocomposites composed of carbon nanofibers and Ti-doped SnOx nanoparticles with varied molar ratios of Ti/Sn (=0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) have been prepared through electrospinning technique and subsequent thermal treatments. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the Ti-doped SnOx nanoparticles with a very small particle size of 2∼4nm were uniformly encapsulated in the carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Among the as-prepared samples, the electrode with the Ti/Sn molar ratio of 0.1 delivered the best reversible capacity of 670.7 mAh g−1 at the 60th cycle, which was 17.9% higher than that of the pristine SnOx/CNFs (SOC). What is more, the optimal electrode presented good rate performance (302.1 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). The enhanced lithium storage properties of Ti-doped SnOx/CNFs (TSOC) can be attributed to the uniform encapsulation of ultrafine SnOx nanoparticles in the conductive CNFs as well as the doping with Ti4+.
Carbon coated triclinic LiVPO4F samples are synthesized by annealing the precursor obtained through a soft chemical route with mechanical activation assist. The V(+5) is reduced to V(+3) by oxalic acid dehydrate during ball milling process, and green slurry of amorphous Li–V–PO4–F is obtained. When the temperature rises to 550°C, the precursor starts crystallizing and good crystal of pure-phase LiVPO4F can be obtained at 550–650°C. But Li3V2(PO4)3 impurity is observed in samples fired at temperature above 700°C because of the volatilization of HF gas in the presence of moisture at high temperature. Charge–discharge tests show that the sample sintered at 700°C exhibits the best electrochemical performance, delivering the initial discharge capacity of 136 at 0.1C rate and 123mAhg−1 at 1C rate. Even at 5C rate, the discharge capacity remains 107mAhg−1 and keeps 95.3% after 100 cycles. EIS analysis shows that it possesses smaller impedance than other samples. The apparent chemical coefficient of lithium ions in the prepared sample is evaluated by cyclic voltammetry.
A resurgence of interest in aqueous acid-based redox flow batteries with anion exchange membranes has been revitalized by the promising progress in this type of membrane. The striking feature of this type of flow battery is that the use of anion exchange membrane enables a significant reduction in crossover of electroactive species (e.g., vanadium ions), thereby improving the coulombic efficiency. This merit is derived from the Donnan exclusion effect between positively charged functional groups grafted on the membranes and electroactive species, which are normally positive ions. This article presents a comprehensive review of the development of anion exchange membranes with different categories of functional groups for aqueous acid-based redox flow batteries. In the meantime, ion-solvating polymers and amphoteric ion exchange membranes that share the same mechanism to reduce crossover of electroactive species and their use in aqueous acid-based redox flow batteries are also reviewed. Subsequently, the critical issues preventing the widespread use of anion exchange membranes, including poor chemical stability and uncertain conduction mechanism, are elaborated. The perspective for the further development of anion exchange membranes is summarized in the final section. We expect to shed light on the development direction of anion exchange membranes for aqueous acid-based redox flow batteries.