batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Battery cost is one of the crucial parameters affecting high deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) negatively. Accurate State of Health (SoH) estimation plays an important role in reducing the total ownership cost, availability, and safety of the battery avoiding early disposal of the batteries and decreasing unexpected failures. A circuit design for SoH estimation in a battery system that bases on selected battery cells and its integration to EVs are presented in this paper. A prototype microcontroller has been developed and used for accelerated aging tests for a battery system. The data collected in the lab tests have been utilized to simulate a real EV battery system. Results of accelerated aging tests and simulation have been presented in the paper. The paper also discusses identification of the best number of battery cells to be selected for SoH estimation test. In addition, different application options of the presented approach for EV batteries have been discussed in the paper.
Matching electricity, heat, and cold demand with supply at low cost is the greatest concern facing countries seeking to provide their all-purpose energy with 100% clean, renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS). Implementing WWS worldwide could eliminate 4–7 million annual air pollution deaths, first slow then reverse global warming, and provide energy sustainably. This study derives zero-load-loss technical solutions to matching demand with 100% WWS supply; heat, cold, and electricity storage; hydrogen production; assumed all-distance transmission; and demand response for 20 world regions encompassing 139 countries after they electrify or provide direct heat for all energy in 2050. Multiple solutions are found, including those with batteries and heat pumps but zero added hydropower turbines and zero thermal energy storage. Whereas WWS and Business-As-Usual (BAU) energy costs per unit energy are similar, WWS requires ∼42.5% less energy in a base case and ∼57.9% less in a heat-pump case so may reduce capital and consumer costs significantly. Further, WWS social (energy + health + climate) costs per unit energy are one-fourth BAU's. By reducing water vapor, the wind turbines proposed may rapidly offset ∼3% global warming while also displacing fossil-fuel emissions. Thus, with careful planning, the world's energy challenges may be solvable with a practical technique.
Intraoperative video recording in abdominal surgery has become indispensable for educational and scientific reasons. Documentation of open surgery is still technically demanding. Since no perfect camera system exists, modern action cameras may offer a solution to this problem.
Recently, room temperature sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as one of the optimal alternatives for lithium ion batteries although there are still many challenges to be solved. At the present stage, the research priorities for SIBs still focus on the development of various electrode materials to meet the applicability. In this communication, we have controllably prepared a superior anode material (disodium terephthalate, Na2C8H4O4) with nanosheet-like morphology, which exhibits much improved electrochemical properties in terms of larger reversible capacity (248mAh/g vs. 199mAh/g), higher rate capabilities (for instance, 1.55 times the bulk material at 1250mA/g) and better cycling performance (105mAh/g vs. 60mAh/g after 100 cycles at 250mA/g) in comparison with the bulk one prepared at the similar system without the addition of polar solvent dimethylformamide. More importantly, it is further disclosed that, these enhanced performances could be mainly due to the new one-step desodiation mechanism and optimized ionic/electronic transfer pathways in the nanosheet system through the analyses of ex-situ infrared spectra, cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic curves, scanning electron microscope images and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
In the US, Millennium Cell Inc, a developer of hydrogen battery technology, has acquired all of the remaining outstanding shares of Gecko Energy Technologies through a merger of Gecko with a subsidiary of the company.
Here we report the characteristics of mutual-substituted bi-phase composites with nominal formula of (1 − x)LiMnPO4·xLi3V2(PO4)3/C (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5). According to the results of refinement and XPS, as x ≥ 0.03, the prepared material becomes the binary mixture of LiMn1−y V y PO4 and Li3V2−z Mn z (PO4)3 where y is probably ramped rapidly and z is relatively stable. Tested between 2.5–4.4 V vs. Li/Li+, the electrochemical performance of the synthetic composites presents the Plough-shape tendency as the increase of Li3V2(PO4)3's nominal ratio. The discharge capacity is dropped from 99 mAh g−1 of 0.99LiMnPO4·0.01Li3V2(PO4)3/C to 69 mAh g−1 for 0.95LiMnPO4·0.05Li3V2(PO4)3/C, then recuperated, and finally stabilized at ∼125 mAh g−1 for the samples with 20% Li3V2(PO4)3 or more. Compared with LiMnPO4/C, the “gaining point” of composites is incorporating 20% Li3V2(PO4)3, probably corresponding to ∼8% vanadium substitution based on refinement results.
Zinn S, Bosworth HB, Hoenig HM, Swartzwelder HS. Executive function deficits in acute stroke. Objectives To establish the frequency of executive dysfunction during acute hospitalization for stroke and to examine the relationship of that dysfunction to stroke severity and premorbid characteristics. Design Inception cohort study. Setting Inpatient wards at a Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants Consecutive sample of inpatients with radiologically or neurologically confirmed stroke. Final sample included 47 patients screened for aphasia and capable of neuropsychologic testing. Two nonstroke inpatient control samples (n=10 each) with either transient ischemic attack (TIA) or multiple stroke risk factors were administered the same research procedure and tests. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Composite cognitive impairment ratio (CIR), calculated from 8 scores indicative of executive function on 6 neuropsychologic tests by dividing number of tests completed into the number of scores falling below cutoff point, defined as 1.5 standard deviations below normative population mean. Results Stroke patients had a mean CIR of .61, compared with .48 for TIAs and .44 for stroke-risk-only. Analysis of variance revealed that CIRs of stroke-risk-only patients but not TIAs were lower than those of the stroke patients (P=.02). Impairment frequencies were at least 50% for stroke patients on most test scores. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (75% impairment) and a design fluency measure distinguished stroke from nonstroke patients. CIR was not related to stroke severity in the stroke patient sample, but was related to estimated premorbid intelligence. Conclusions Executive function deficits are common in stroke patients. The data suggest that limitations in information processing due to these deficits may require environmental and procedural accommodations to increase rehabilitation benefit.
Nanoscale, LiNiPO4-core and carbon-shell high voltage (>5 V) LiNiPO4@C cathode materials have been synthesized using a microwave & solvothermal methodology using different solvents, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, isobutanol and water as the reaction medium. The effects of these solvents on the crystal-quality, morphology and electrochemical qualification of the produced materials have been evaluated in terms of the heating efficiency in the microwave field by using various opto-analytical techniques and electrochemical measurements. The heating characteristics in terms of the absorption of the energy as part of the microwave-material interaction phenomenon is also discussed. X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize substantially pure LiNiPO4 crystal using isopropanol as the reaction medium. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that this combined methodology can provide core-shell morphology with a 5–6 nm coating thickness. The LiNiPO4@C cathode material produced in an isopropanol environment exhibits the best electrochemical properties, achieving a discharge capacity of 157 mAh g−1 at a 0.l C-rate, and shows almost 81% capacity retention at the end of the 80th cycle. Thus, this paper offers a perspective for solving the difficulties encountered in modifying a high voltage LiNiPO4 cathode, especially the deficiency in terms of cycle life behavior, and the further benefits are highlighted.
Bifunctional catalysts are prominent to attain high capacity, maximum energy efficiency and long cycle-life for aqueous rechargeable Na-air batteries. In this work, we report the synthesis of bi-functional noble metal free, Co3(PO4)2 nanostructures by facile precipitation technique and evaluated its electrocatalytic activity. Co3(PO4)2 nanostructure was investigated as a potential electrocatalyst for rechargeable aqueous Na-air battery for the first time. The synthesized Co3(PO4)2 grain-like nanostructures showed better oxygen evolution activity compared to Pt/C catalyst. The fabricated Na-air battery with the Co3(PO4)2 catalyst as air-cathode delivered low overpotential and its round trip energy efficiency reached up to 83%. The Na-air battery exhibited stable cycle performance up to 50 cycles.
In this paper a novel frequency-independent control method suitable for distributed generation (DG) is presented. This strategy is derived based on the abc/αβ transformation and abc/dq transformation of the ac system variables. The active and reactive currents injected by the DG are controlled in the synchronously rotating orthogonal dq reference frame. The transformed variables are used in control of the voltage source inverter that connects DG to distribution network. Due to importance of distributed resources in modern power systems, development of new, practical, cost-effective and simple control strategies is obligatory. The new control method of this paper does not need a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing active and reactive power to nonlinear load. From extensive simulation results, high performance of this control strategy in DG application is demonstrated with improved voltage profile, increased power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion.
In this study, based on new electricity tariffs, three scenarios have been developed with The RETScreen International Photovoltaic Project Model, according to the targeting of energy subsidies in Iran. We have also dedicated one of our scenarios to the reduction of greenhouse gasses. In the first case the electricity price was set to 3.75Cents/kWh (450Rial/kWh) and no credit was assigned to the reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHG), therefore equity payback (Return positive cash flow) has been 12.1 year. In the second case the electricity price was set to 17.5Cents/kWh, therefore equity payback (return positive cash flow) was 8 year. Finally in the last scenario by considering a credit to the reduction of greenhouse gasses and electricity price being 175Cents/kWh and applying solar panels with high efficiency and suitable batteries (DOD=60%), equity payback (return positive cash flow) reached within 6 years.
Objective To assess the specificity of cortical inhibitory deficits in cervical dystonia patients. Methods A systematic test battery was developed to assess spatial and temporal aspects of cortical inhibition, in motor and somatosensory systems of the hand. We tested 17 cervical dystonia (CD) patients and 19 controls assessing somatosensory spatial inhibition (grating orientation test, interdigital feedforward subliminal inhibition), somatosensory temporal inhibition (temporal discrimination threshold, feedforward subliminal inhibition), motor spatial inhibition (surround inhibition), and motor temporal inhibition (short interval intracortical inhibition). Results A significant deficit in CD was observed in both measures of somatosensory spatial inhibition, with a trend in the same direction in our measure of motor spatial inhibition. We found no significant group differences in temporal inhibition measures. Importantly, statistical comparison of effect sizes across the different measures showed that deficits in tests of spatial inhibition were greater than those in tests of temporal inhibition. Conclusion Our results suggest that CD is associated with abnormal function of local inhibitory cortical circuits subserving spatial sensory processing. Importantly, this abnormality relates to the somatotopic representation of an unaffected body part. Significance These results clarify the nature of deficits in cortical inhibitory function in dystonia.
In this research, Mg-Ca binary alloys are evaluated as anode material candidates for primary Mg-air batteries. The effect of Ca content on self-corrosion and discharge performance of Mg anode is investigated through microstructure characterization, electrochemical measurements and half-cell discharge tests. Then the composition of Mg-Ca alloys is optimized in terms of reduced self-corrosion and improved discharge performance. The basic characteristics of Mg-air batteries with optimized Mg-Ca alloy as anode are tested and compared to those based on high purity Mg and defined commercial Mg alloys. The results show that Mg-0.1 wt. % Ca alloy has the best self-corrosion behavior and discharge performance among all prepared Mg-Ca alloys. The Mg-air battery with Mg-0.1 wt. % Ca alloy as anode offers higher cell voltage and specific energy than those based on high purity Mg, AM50 and AZ31 alloys.
Neurocognitive impairment is prominent in schizophrenia and a significant predictor of poor occupational outcomes. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is frequently implemented to counteract high unemployment rates. Individuals with schizophrenia however face numerous challenges such as neurocognitive impairments and psychotic symptoms. Hence, augmenting VR to address illness-related factors may optimize occupational outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Cognitive Remediation (CR) combined with VR(CR+VR) compared to techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with VR(CBT+VR) on neurocognition and occupational functioning over a 2year period. A total of 131participants underwent assessment with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) at baseline, post treatment (after 10months) and follow-up (2years after randomization). Occupational status and number of hours worked were recorded at all assessment points. Both groups improved on several neurocognitive domains. All improvements were however in favor of the CR group. There was a significant increase in number of participants working and hours worked in both groups throughout the project period, with no between-group differences. Number of hours worked at follow-up was predicted by change in Working Memory and the Composite Score in the CR group. CR-augmented VR improved several domains, particularly Verbal Learning and Working Memory, which were central in the CR program. The combination of VR and CR or CBT thus enabled a significant proportion of participants to attain and maintain work.
Safer electrolytes for ambient temperature sodium batteries were prepared by blending the N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, PYR14TFSI, ionic liquid with the sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, NaTFSI, salt. The physicochemical as well as the electrochemical properties of the PYR14TFSI-NaTFSI binary electrolyte system were investigated as a function of the temperature and sodium salt mole fraction, and compared with those of organic electrolytes of interest for sodium batteries. A plethora of characterization techniques were adopted ranging from density, viscosity and conductivity measurements, thermogravimetry and electrochemical methods (linear sweep voltammetry, transference number, galvanostatic experiments). Preliminary galvanostatic cycling tests were carried out in Na/NaMnO2 cells at room temperature. The results are presented and discussed in the present paper.
A highly ordered mesoporous carbon with a bimodal pore structure which exhibits a high specific area and large pore volume, was synthesized by a triblock-copolymer-templating approach. This optimized framework served as the scaffold for the preparation of carbon/sulfur (C/S) nanocomposites that serve as novel cathodes for Li-S batteries. They exhibit high discharge capacities and good cycling stability at very high current rates of 1675 mA g−1 (1 C), which can be attributed to the unique bimodal porous structure of the carbon. The small mesopores contain the majority of the sulfur mass and aid in suppressing the diffusion of polysulfide species into the electrolyte, whilst the large interconnected cylindrical pores favour rapid transport of solvated Li+ on charge/discharge. Additional doping with hydrophilic nanoporous silica also aids in capacity retention on cycling.
Scene Walk is a video viewing technique suited to first-person video recorded from wearable cameras. It integrates a 2D video player and visualisation of the camera trajectory into a non-photorealistic partial rendering of the 3D environment as reconstructed from image content. Applications include forensic analysis of first-person video archives, for example as recorded by emergency response teams. The Scene Walk method is designed to support the viewer’s construction and application of a cognitive map of the context in which first-person video was captured. We use methods from wayfinding research to assess the effectiveness of this non-photorealistic approach in comparison to actual physical experience of the scene. We find that Scene Walk does allow viewers to create a more accurate and effective cognitive map of first-person video than is achieved using a conventional video browsing interface and that this model is comparable to actually walking through the original environment.
Nanopore sensors have attracted considerable interest for high-throughput sensing of individual nucleic acids and proteins without the need for chemical labels or complex optics. A prevailing problem in nanopore applications is that the transport kinetics of single biomolecules are often faster than the measurement time resolution. Methods to slow down biomolecular transport can be troublesome and are at odds with the natural goal of high-throughput sensing. Here we introduce a low-noise measurement platform that integrates a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) preamplifier with solid-state nanopores in thin silicon nitride membranes. With this platform we achieved a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding five at a bandwidth of 1 MHz, which to our knowledge is the highest bandwidth nanopore recording to date. We demonstrate transient signals as brief as 1 μs from short DNA molecules as well as current signatures during molecular passage events that shed light on submolecular DNA configurations in small nanopores.
Today, as a consequence of the growing installation of efficient technologies, e.g. micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP), the integration of traditionally separated electricity and natural gas networks has been attracting attentions from researchers in both academia and industry. To model the interaction among electricity and natural gas networks in distribution systems, this paper models a residential customer in a multi-energy system (MES). In this paper, we propose a fully automated energy management system (EMS) based on a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to motivate residential customers for participating in demand side management (DSM) programs and reducing the peak load in both electricity and natural gas networks. This proposed EMS estimates the residential customers’ satisfaction function, energy prices, and efficiencies of appliances based on the residential customers’ historical actions. Simulations are performed for the sample model and results depict how much of each energy, i.e. electricity and natural gas, the residential customer should consume and how much of natural gas should be converted in order to meet electricity and heating loads. It is also shown that the proposed RL algorithm reduces residential customer energy bill and electrical peak load up to 20% and 24%, respectively.
Lithium insertion in FeNb2O6 and CrNb2O6 has been investigated using the galvanostatic charge–discharge method and showed that more than half of the intercalated Li+ during first cycle is retained in the structure and is not de-intercalated during subsequent cycles. The effects of sintering on FeNb2O6 were investigated with lower applied temperatures yielding higher Li+ intercalation capability. Post galvanostatic XRD shows that the initial phase has been retained during cell cycling. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that chromium also takes part in electro-chemical activity in CrNb2O6.
The utilization of silicon based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is hindered by their low intrinsic electronic conductivity, unstable cycling behavior and complex scalable synthesis of nano silicon. Herein, we propose a step-by-step synthesis route to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) graphene nanosheets loaded with Si nanoparticles for lithium ion batteries. For this purpose, silica is deposited on the surface of graphene oxide firstly through a hydrolysis process. After that, a further in situ magnesiothermic reduction is carried out. In an attempt to fine-tune the mass ratio of graphene and Si, different amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate was applied during the hydrolysis process. The 3D graphene as supporting sheets could not only provide position for the firmly attached Si nanoparticles but also enhance the electronic conductivity and accommodate large volume changes of Si nanoparticles. As a result, the properly designed Si@G-2 exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance and rate capability, showing capacity retention of 90.9% after 100 cycles at 1Ag−1 and specific capacity around 500mAhg−1 at 20Ag−1. This synthetic route demonstrates an efficient method for the controlled synthesis of graphene nanosheets loaded with Si nanoparticles with excellent electrochemical performance, which may facilitate its commercial applications.
For constructing next-generation lithium-ion batteries with advanced performances, pursuit of high-capacity Li-rich cathodes has caused considerable attention. So far, the low discharge specific capacity and serious capacity fading are strangling the development of Fe-based Li-rich materials. To activate the extra-capacity of Fe-based Li-rich cathode materials, a facile molten salt method is exploited using an alkaline mixture of LiOH–LiNO3–Li2O2 in this work. The prepared Li1.09(Fe0.2Ni0.3Mn0.5)0.91O2 material yields high discharge specific capacity and good cycling stability. The discharge specific capacity shows an upward tendency at 0.1 C. After 60 cycles, a high reversible specific capacity of ∼250 mAh g−1 is delivered. The redox of Fe3+/Fe4+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ are gradually activated during cycling. Notably, the redox reaction of Fe2+/Fe3+ can be observed reversibly below 2 V, which is quite different from the material prepared by a traditional co-precipitation method. The stable morphology of fine nanoparticles (100–300 nm) is considered benefiting for the distinctive electrochemical performances of Li1.09(Fe0.2Ni0.3Mn0.5)0.91O2. This study demonstrates that molten salt method is an inexpensive and effective approach to activate the extra capacity of Fe-based Li-rich cathode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.