batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Abstracts Hollow and urchin-like CoCO3 dumbbell microspheres (HCCM) and CoCO3@reduced graphene oxide composite microspheres (CC@rGO) were synthesized by one-step solvothermal methods. RGO modification significantly improves the cycling stability of CoCO3 microsphere anodes at low current densities. CC@rGO delivers 1067 and 997 mAh/g after 50 cycles at 0.1 C and 100 cycles at 0.2 C, respectively. Interestingly, HCCM shows rising cycling stability with increased rates while CC@rGO exhibits slight and continuous capacity fading at almost all rates thus declining advantage with rising rates. A competition theory between “protective force” mainly from solid electrolyte interface (SEI) or rGO layer and “destructive force” from volume swing applied on the microspheres was raised to clarify this phenomenon. The changing volume swing degree and SEI formation rate with increased rates, as well as different protective effects of HCCM and CC@rGO's SEI film or rGO layer, determined various competition results of the two forces at each rate thus various structural stability and cycling performance of the two samples. Furthermore, the application prospect of CoCO3 anodes in lithium ion full cells has been explored and the assembled LiCoO2||CC@rGO exhibits an initial coulombic efficiency of 92.9%, a discharge mid-voltage of 2.3 V and stable cycling performance.
The current highly flammable configurations for rechargeable lithium batteries generate safety concerns. Although commercial fire retardant additives have been investigated, they tend to decrease the overall efficiency of the battery. We report here ionically conductive, non-halogenated lithium battery additives based on a methoxyethoxyethoxyphosphazene oligomer and the corresponding high polymer, which can increase the fire resistance of a battery while retaining a high energy efficiency. Conductivities in the range of 10−4 Scm−1 have been obtained for self-extinguishing, ion-conductive methoxyethoxyethoxyphosphazene oligomers. The addition of 25wt% high polymeric poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] to propylene carbonate electrolytes lowers the flammability by 90% while maintaining a good ionic conductivity of 2.5×10−3 Scm−1.
Silicon-based electrodes for Li-ion batteries (LIB) attract much attention because of their high theoretical capacity. However, their large volume change during lithiation results in poor cycling due to mechanical cracking. Moreover, silicon can hardly form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with common electrolytes. We present a safe, innovative strategy to prepare nanostructured silicon–carbon anodes in a two-step process. The nanoporosity of Si films accommodates the volume expansion while a disordered graphitic C layer on top promotes the formation of a stable SEI. This approach shows its promises: carbon-coated porous silicon anodes perform in a very stable way, reaching the areal capacity of ∼175 μAh cm−2, and showing no decay for at least 1000 cycles. With requiring only a two-step deposition process at moderate temperatures, this novel very simple cell concept introduces a promising way to possibly viable up-scaled production of next-generation nanostructured Si anodes for lithium-ion microbatteries.
An all-solid state asymmetric supercapacitor has been fabricated using carbon aerogel (CA) microspheres as the negative electrode and Co3O4 nanowires on nickel foam (Co3O4–NF) as the positive electrode separated by PVA-KOH membrane as the electrolyte. For the desirable porous structure, high specific capacitance and rate capability of CA and Co3O4–NF, broader potential window of the two electrodes, no binder and conductive agent added, the asymmetric supercapacitor can be cycled reversibly in a wide potential window of 0–1.5 V with an energy density of 17.9 Whkg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1. The energy density of the asymmetric supercapacitor is significantly improved in comparison with those of the symmetric supercapacitors based on CA (6.28 Whkg−1) and Co3O4–NF (2.42 Whkg−1). The asymmetric supercapacitor can also deliver a high energy density of 10.44 Whkg−1, even at a high power density of 7.5 kW kg−1. In addition, the asymmetric device shows good stability with approximately 85% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles.
The extremely low electronic conductivity, slow ion diffusion kinetics, and the Jahn–Teller effect of LiMnPO4 limit its electrochemical performance. In this work, a nutty-cake structural C–LiMn1−x Fe x PO4–LiFePO4 cathode material is synthesized by hydrothermal method and further calcined at different temperatures. The influence of calcination temperature on the electrochemical behavior is investigated by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, field-emission high-resolution transmission electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharge tests. And the performance of C–LiMn1−x Fe x PO4–LiFePO4 materials has a relationship with its crystal structure. The well-crystallized Sample-600 calcined at 600 °C shows the smallest charge transfer resistance, the largest lithium ion diffusion coefficient (D Li) and the best cycling stability. The discharge capacity of Sample-600 holds around 112 mAh g−1 after the 3rd cycle at 0.1 C rate. The performances improvement of C–LiMn1−x Fe x PO4–LiFePO4 material can be mainly attributed to the iron diffusion from the LiFePO4 core to the outer LiMnPO4 layer under appropriate calcination temperature.
Genetic mosaicism is only detected occasionally when there are no obvious health or developmental issues. Most cases concern healthy parents in whom mosaicism is identified upon targeted testing of a genetic defect that was initially detected in their children. A germline genetic defect affecting the euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene causes Kleefstra syndrome, which is associated with the typical triad of distinct facial appearance, (childhood) hypotonia, and intellectual disability. A high degree of psychopathology is associated with this syndrome. A few parents with a mosaic EHMT1 mutation have been detected upon testing after a child was diagnosed with a germline EHMT1 defect. At first glance, carriers of a mosaic EHMT1 mutation appeared to function normally. However, recent studies have shown that de novo, postzygotic mutations in important developmental genes significantly contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, we hypothesized that EHMT1 mosaicism could cause neuropsychiatric defects. To investigate this, we performed a detailed investigation of cognitive neuropsychiatric parameters in parents identified with EHMT1 mosaicism.
Layered hydrated sodium titanate nanotubes are synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction in alkaline solution. The as-prepared nanotubes are calcined at different temperatures (300–600°C) in air. The microstructure of obtained samples is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is observed that the calcined products maintain their parent tubular morphologies below 500°C. After calcinations at 600°C, the hollow tubular morphology could completely be converted to the short solid nanorod morphology. In the meanwhile, the monoclinic sodium hexatitanate as a main phase is formed in nanorods, coexisted with sodium trititanate as a residual phase. The electrochemical lithium storage of obtained samples is studied by galvanostatic method and cyclic voltammetry. It is demonstrated that the nanotubes calcined at 500°C have relatively large reversible capacity, good reversibility and excellent high rate discharge capability. The lithium intercalation process is shown to have pseudocapacitive feature caused by their layered structure and open lithium insertion tunnels, which is in favor of the high rate charge/discharge capability of sodium titanate nanotubes.
Background In adults, non-food foreign body ingestions occur more in denture users, incarcerated individuals, and in patients with psychiatric disorders or alcohol intoxication. The majority of the ingested foreign body will pass spontaneously. Sharp or pointed foreign body, animal or fish bones, and magnets increase the risk of perforation. Patient An incarcerated patient with bipolar disorder swallowed a 14cm in length needle attached with a syringe three months prior to presentation. The needle penetrated the distal esophagus leading to mediastinitis. Methods In this video manuscript, we demonstrated endoscopic techniques on how to remove this 14cm long sharp object. Results The foreign body was removed uneventfully and mediastinitis resolved with antibiotic treatment. Conclusions Emergent endoscopy is indicated in (1) esophageal obstruction and the patient are unable to swallow secretions and (2) disk batteries and sharp-pointed foreign body in the esophagus.
Unobserved “latent” variables have the potential to minimize “measurement error” inherent to any single clinical assessment or categorical diagnosis.
To combat the shuttle of soluble polysulfides, physical confinement approaches aiming to trap sulfur within porous hosts have been pursued, but their success in terms of capacity decay and kinetic sluggishness is still limited. Herein, we update the confinement approach by integrating ultra-fine Nb2O5 nanocrystals onto a well-developed mesoporous carbon framework, which could primitively combine the advantages of the physical entrapment and the chemical interaction of sulfur species. An electrochemical kinetic study further reveals that the Nb2O5 nanocrystals could serve as an electrocatalyst, significantly accelerating the kinetics of polysulfide redox reactions, especially for the reduction of soluble Li2S6/Li2S4 to insoluble Li2S2/Li2S. By overcoming the kinetic barriers of the redox reactions, the resulting mesoporous carbon microspheres/Nb2O5/S composites have a much improved electrochemical performance in terms of lower polarization, higher Coulombic efficiency, and much improved rate capability. They could deliver a high initial capacity of 1289 mA h g−1 at 0.5C with a reversible capacity of 913 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles. And more importantly, the ternary cathodes demonstrate an unprecedented rate capability with 887 mA h g−1 at 5C, and a reversible capacity of 650 mA h g−1 at 2C after 500 cycles. The concept of accelerating the kinetics of polysulfide redox reactions will pave the way for future development of high-rate and long-cycle Li–S batteries.
COVID-19, the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is challenging healthcare systems worldwide. Little is known about problems faced by emergency medical services—particularly helicopter services—caring for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. We aimed to describe the issues faced by air ambulance services in Europe as they transport potential COVID-19 patients.
The paper presents a network coded cooperative communication (NC-CC) enabled wireless hospital sensor network architecture for monitoring health as well as postural activities of a patient. A wearable device, referred as a smartband is interfaced with pulse rate, body temperature sensors and an accelerometer along with wireless protocol services, such as Bluetooth and Radio-Frequency transceiver and Wi-Fi. The energy efficiency of wearable device is improved by embedding a linear acceleration based transmission duty cycling algorithm (NC-DRDC). The real-time demonstration is carried-out in a hospital environment to evaluate the performance characteristics, such as power spectral density, energy consumption, signal to noise ratio, packet delivery ratio and transmission offset. The resource sharing and energy efficiency features of network coding technique are improved by proposing an algorithm referred as network coding based dynamic retransmit/rebroadcast decision control (LA-TDC). From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed LA-TDC algorithm reduces network traffic and end-to-end delay by an average of 27.8% and 21.6%, respectively than traditional network coded wireless transmission. The wireless architecture is deployed in a hospital environment and results are then successfully validated.
Carbon nanosheets are comprised of 1–7 graphene layers that are predominantly vertically oriented with respect to a substrate. The thickness and morphology of the nanosheets can vary depending on the growth precursor and the substrate temperature. They have an ultra-low in-plane resistivity. The capacitance of carbon nanosheets was measured by cyclic voltammetry in a standard electrochemical three-electrode cell, which contains a platinum counter electrode and a standard mercury/mercurous sulfate reference electrode in 6M H2SO4 electrolyte. As a working electrode, the capacitance of carbon nanosheets per area was found to be 0.076Fcm−2. A mathematical model was used to simulate the total possible capacitance of a virtual supercapacitor cell that contains carbon nanosheets as the electrode material and found to be 1.49×104 F.
The electrochemical behavior of a composite anode for Li-ion batteries, based on nanosize tin particles embedded in electrically conducting porous multichannel carbon microtubes (Sn–PMCMT), synthesized by co-electrospinning, is here evaluated. An activation protocol aimed at maximizing anode mechanical stability and capacity retention upon cycling is presented. The results are compared with those obtained with an anode using pristine PMCMT carbon as active material. The Li uptake and release processes by Sn and C are evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles, in order to differentiate the two contributions to the overall anode capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis is utilized in order to evaluate possible improvements to charge-transfer kinetics due to the nanosize Sn particles dispersion. Finally, the performances of the composite Sn–PMCMT anode are characterized at different charge/discharge currents and temperatures. The anode can deliver a capacity of 500mAhg−1 for more than 300 cycles, most of them at 1C or higher charge/discharge rate, which confirms its very high, stable cycling performances. Moreover, this tailored nanostructured anode retains a relevant amount of capacity even in very demanding cycling conditions, as the case for very low temperatures. These results make the proposed Sn–PMCMT an ideal candidate anode for high-performance Li-ion batteries able to operate in a wide array of operating conditions.
In the last decade, the biomedical field has benefited from the progressive development of antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs Sofosbuvir (SOF), ledipasvir (LED) and acyclovir (ACY) are a class of medications used specifically for treating viral infections as hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) viruses. Sofosbuvir (SOF) and ledipasvir (LED) in a single-tablet regimen represent a revolution in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C which inhibits viral production of HCV. The major problem with simultaneous determination of SOF, LED and ACY by electrochemical methods is the closeness of their oxidation potentials resulting in overlapped voltammetry responses. In such frame an innovative strategy is introduced, based on a novel GC/CNT/ILC/RGO/MnO2 layered electrode, obtained by modifying a glassy carbon surface with layers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), an ionic liquid crystal (ILC), graphene (RGO) and MnO2. The layered sensor showed excellent current responses for the simultaneous electrochemical analysis of SOF, LED and ACY in human serum in the concentration ranges 0.20–150μmoldm−3, 0.0070–15μmoldm−3 and 0.010–30μmoldm−3 with low detection limit values of 9.8nmoldm−3, 0.11nmoldm−3 and 0.84nmoldm−3 respectively. Moreover, on the new layered electrode the electro-oxidation of a quinary mixture of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), paracetamol (APAP), SOF and LED yielded five well-separated peaks. This electrochemical method is advantageous over other methods mentioned in the literature in terms of cost, time effectiveness, sensitivity, selectivity and lower detection limit. Analysis of ACY and a combination from LED and SOF in their pharmaceutical formulations were achieved with good recovery results.
Under abusive conditions Li-ion cells can rupture, ejecting electrolyte and other flammable gases. In this paper we consider some of the thermochemical and combustion properties of these gases that determine whether they ignite and how energetically they burn. We find a significant variation among the carbonate solvents in the factors that are important to determining flammability, such as combustion enthalpy and vaporization enthalpy. We also show that flames of carbonate solvents are fundamentally less energetic than those of conventional hydrocarbons. An example of this contrast is given using a recently developed mechanism for dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion, where we show that a diffusion flame burning DMC has only half the peak heat release rate of an analogous propane flame. Interestingly, peak temperatures differ by only 25%. We argue that heat release rate is a more useful parameter than temperature when evaluating the likelihood that a flame in one cell will ignite a neighboring cell. Our results suggest that thermochemical and combustion property factors might well be considered when choosing solvent mixtures when flammability is a concern.
A 50–50 mixture of Mg and Ti was milled for different times, and the cycling discharge capacities of the resulting compounds were evaluated in KOH media. From Rietveld refinement analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns, it is shown that a metastable hcp Mg50Ti50 compound is formed after 20h of milling. This material has a very low-electrochemical hydriding activity. However, in the presence of 10wt.% Pd (added before milling), it displays a maximum discharge capacity of ca. 400mAhg−1 after three charge/discharge cycles. The irreversible structural evolution of the Mg50Ti50 alloy from a hcp phase to a fcc phase upon cycling is demonstrated.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are becoming more popular than pure electric ones, nowadays. This is because of their better performance, economic advantages and higher operating range. However, their potential advantages extremely depend on their system design, most importantly their battery system design. Batteries’ life requirements as well as the cost of replacing them at the end of their life period, currently limit manufacturers to bring HEVs into play, even though their fuel economy reduces their everyday cost considerably. Generally, inappropriate discharge/charge patterns would result in loss in batteries’ life. In the present study, an optimization based control strategy has been proposed for the series HEVs in order to maximize the efficiency of the power-train while minimizing the loss. A genetic algorithm is implemented to optimally evaluate the control algorithm's parameters. The approach is then compared to two main control strategies, namely thermostatic control strategy and power follower control strategy. The computational procedure of the genetic algorithm is discussed, and a simulation study based on a model of a series hybrid electric vehicle is given to validate the genetic algorithm results.
This study compared the frontal lobe functioning and anger rumination between patients with epilepsy and healthy individuals. The second objective was to examine the efficacy of levetiracetam therapy on frontal lobe dysfunctions and anger rumination in patients with epilepsy. Participants (50 patients with epilepsy and 50 healthy individuals) completed the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Anger Rumination Scale (ARS). The patients had two testing sessions: pre- and post-levetiracetam therapies. The results showed that patients with epilepsy had frontal lobe dysfunctions in contrast with healthy individuals. Patients with epilepsy had higher anger rumination than healthy individuals. Compared with baseline performance, frontal lobe dysfunctions and anger rumination were significantly reduced after three months of levetiracetam therapy in patients with epilepsy. It is concluded that levetiracetam therapy may be beneficial in improving frontal lobe functioning and anger rumination thought pattern in patients with epilepsy. However, further studies are required to confirm this evidence.
A gel polymer electrolyte based on the blend of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile-co-lithium methacrylate) (PMAML) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) was prepared and characterized. The synthesized PMAML were characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR, respectively, and the surface morphology of the PMAML and PVDF-HFP blend membrane was also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical properties of composite electrolyte membranes were studied. The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte composed of 75wt.% 1M LiBF4 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC:DMC=1:1 by weight) was about 2.6×10−3 Scm−1 at ambient temperature. The electrochemical window of the polymer electrolyte was about 4.6V determined from the linear sweep voltammetry plot. The lithium ion polymer batteries were assembled by sandwiching gel polymer electrolyte between LiCoO2 cathode and mesophase carbon fibre (MPCF) anode. Charge–discharge test results display that lithium ion batteries with these gel polymer electrolytes have good electrochemical performance.
Presenting Author details:c.b.hartberg@medisin.uio.no Po box 23, Vinderen, 0319 Oslo, Norway, Tel.: +47 92 666231. Background: Previous studies have found relationships between prefrontal and temporal lobe volumes and neurocognitive test results in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to perform a search of the cerebral cortex to identify regions where cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance were related. The a priori hypothesis was that findings would be limited to prefrontal and temporal areas. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with schizophrenia from the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, were investigated and compared with 69 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender. All participants underwent a semi-computerized neurocognitive testing battery covering six domains: premorbid IQ, verbal learning, attention, psychomotor speed, working memory and executive function. High-resolution MR images were acquired and processed using semi-automated computer image analysis (Freesurfer) to generate cortical thickness maps. Results: In patients, higher premorbid IQ was associated with thicker cortex in the right anterior insula and right frontal superior gyrus. Poorer performance on executive functioning was associated with thinner cortex in the right temporal pole and right superior frontal gyrus. In controls, higher premorbid IQ was associated with thicker cortex in the left superior and inferior temporal gyrus, left temporal pole and left middle occipital gyrus. Conclusions: The investigation demonstrated significant relationships between cortical thickness and neurocognitive skills in prefrontal and temporal areas. In patients, significant associations were found in the right hemisphere only, while in controls findings were limited to the left hemisphere. The different findings between patients and controls suggest a disrupted relationship between brain cortical thickness and neurocognition in schizophrenia.