batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The 30-amino acid peptide Y-P30, generated from the N-terminus of the human dermcidin precursor protein, has been found to promote neuronal survival, cell migration and neurite outgrowth by enhancing the interaction of pleiotrophin and syndecan-3. We now show that Y-P30 activates Src kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Y-P30 promotes axonal growth of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons, embryonic mouse spinal cord motoneurons, perinatal rat retinal neurons, and rat cortical neurons. Y-P30-mediated axon growth was dependent on heparan sulfate chains. Y-P30 decreased the proportion of collapsing/degenerating growth cones of cortical axons in an Src and ERK-dependent manner. Y-P30 increased for 90 min in axonal growth cones the level of Tyr418-phosphorylated Src kinase and the amount of F-actin, and transiently the level of Tyr-phosphorylated ERK. Levels of total Src kinase, actin, GAP-43, cortactin and the glutamate receptor subunit GluN2B were not altered. When exposed to semaphorin-3a, Y-P30 protected a significant fraction of growth cones of cortical neurons from collapse. These results suggest that Y-P30 promotes axonal growth via Src- and ERK-dependent mechanisms which stabilize growth cones and confer resistance to collapsing factors.
Solid ion conductors exhibit a frequency dependent conductivity that is well described by the coupling model, which includes stretched-exponential relaxation to describe ion-ion interactions. As yet, materials characterization taking this frequency dependence into account is inaccessible to non-experts in numerical analysis, since it requires computer-assisted evaluation of complex integrals. On the other hand, commonly used impedance models lead to inaccurate results and have limited applicability. The purpose of this article is to provide an approximation to the coupling model in terms of elemental functions. With fits to multiple reference data sets we demonstrate the advantages of our approach over commonly used methods. We then apply our model to the characterization of polyethylene oxide based electrolytes, used in all-solid-state batteries, and show that such a case could not be accurately studied with standard impedance models.
This 18-week, randomized, flexible-dose, double-blind, double-dummy trial evaluated ziprasidone as an alternative to clozapine in treatment-refractory schizophrenia patients. Patients had a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, a history of resistance and/or intolerance to at least three acute cycles with different antipsychotics given at therapeutic doses, PANSS score ≥80, and CGI-S score ≥4. Patients were randomized to ziprasidone (80–160 mg/day, n =73) or clozapine (250–600 mg/day, n =74). On the primary ITT-LOCF analysis, baseline-to-endpoint decreases in PANSS total scores were similar in the ziprasidone (−25.0±22.0, 95% CI −30.2 to −19.8) and clozapine (−24.5±22.5, 95% CI −29.7 to −19.2) groups. A progressive and significant reduction from baseline in PANSS total score was observed from day 11 in both study arms. There were also significant improvements on PANSS subscales, CGI-S, CG-I, CDSS, and GAF, without between-drug differences. The two treatment groups had similar rates of early discontinuations due to AEs. AEs were mostly of similar mild-moderate severity in the two groups. There were also no detrimental effects on prolactin, renal and liver function, hematology, and cardiovascular parameters. However, ziprasidone but not clozapine showed a significant reduction of SAS and AIMS scores. Moreover, when compared with clozapine, ziprasidone also had a more favorable metabolic profile, with significant endpoint differences in weight, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. In conclusion, this trial indicates that both ziprasidone and clozapine, having comparable efficacy coupled with satisfactory general safety and tolerability, may be regarded as valuable options for the short-term treatment of difficult-to-treat schizophrenia patients with a history of multiple resistance and/or intolerance to antipsychotics. The more favorable metabolic profile of ziprasidone may represent an added value that could guide clinicians, at least in the presence of patients at high risk for metabolic disorders.
High rate performance of Li1.05Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials prepared using sol–gel (SG) and co-precipitation (CP) methods were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the particle sizes of the materials prepared by SG and CP methods were 300–400nm and 1–2μm, respectively. Rate capability tests were performed and compared on these cathode materials with same electrode loading (7mgcm−2). Li1.05Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode with smaller particle size (SG-nano) demonstrated higher discharge capacity than that of the cathode with larger particle size (CP-micro) at different C-rates. However, upon extended cycling at 1C and 8C, CP-micro showed better capacity retention when compared to that of SG-nano. CP-micro exhibited 95 and 91% where as SG-nano exhibited only 87 and 76%, respectively, at 1C and 8C after 50 cycles. The results showed that the use of nanosized materials was advantageous for obtaining a better rate capability where as the use of microsized materials was beneficial for better capacity retention during extended cycling at high C-rates.
Insulin resistance has been reported as a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However the molecular mechanisms of association between these still remain elusive. Various studies have highlighted the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in insulin resistance and cognitive deficits. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective role of HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in insulin resistance induced cognitive impairment in mice. Mice were subjected to either normal pellet diet (NPD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. HFD fed mice were treated with SAHA at 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 2 weeks. Serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured. A battery of behavioral parameters was performed to assess cognitive functions. Level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) was measured in hippocampus to assess neuroinflammation. To further explore the molecular mechanisms we measured the histone H3 acetylation and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. HFD fed mice exhibit characteristic features of insulin resistance. These mice also showed a severe deficit in learning and memory along with reduced histone H3 acetylation and BDNF levels. In contrast, the mice treated with SAHA showed significant and dose dependent improvement in insulin resistant condition. These mice also showed improved learning and memory performance. SAHA treatment ameliorates the HFD induced reduction in histone H3 acetylation and BDNF levels. Based upon these results, it could be suggested that HDAC inhibitors exert neuroprotective effects by increasing H3 acetylation and subsequently BDNF level.
The steady increase in global sales of electric vehicles (EVs) owes much to high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, whose energy density and cost are largely dictated by the cathodes. Although Ni-rich, layer-structured cathodes have been adequate for application in the existing fleet of EVs, there are compelling reasons to eliminate Co from the current family of layered oxide cathodes. However, the realization of Co-free cathodes poses significant technical challenges. In this perspective, we compare the performances and cost efficiencies of Co-free Li[NixMn1−x]O2 (NM), Co-poor Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 (NCM), with x > 0.9, and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes, to evaluate their commercial viability for future EVs. We then systematically outline the intrinsic challenges and possible strategies for the development of advanced Co-free/Co-poor layered and LFP cathodes. As battery requirements vary depending on their application, a range of distinct Co-free/Co-poor cathodes will be required to address diverse commercial needs.
A complete saccharification of plant polymers is the critical step in the efficient production of bio-alcohols. Beta-glucosidases acting in the degradation of intermediate gluco-oligosaccharides produced by cellulases limit the yield of the final product.
Lithium metal has been considered as the most promising anode material for rechargeable Li batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity. However, significant challenges, including Li dendrite growth, inferior rate and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), have prevented their practical applications. Here we report a facile strategy to improve the anode performance by decorating the Cu foil substrate with a nanoporous polyether sulfone (PES) film. After employing the PES layer, the Li plating/stripping stability has been dramatically improved to more than 800 h and the Coulombic efficiency kept higher than 99% even after 200 cycles. Moreover, the voltage gap between Li stripping and plating experienced no obvious changes after long time cycles. The Li dendrite formation have been effectively suppressed after PES coating. The PES coating layer also greatly improved the Li metal stability in ambient air.
This paper shows that despite today's most popular climate models indicating that sea levels are generally rising and accelerating and that the coastal management in Norway may face sea level rises from 16 to 116cm by the year 2100, all the local and global tide gauges and the satellite radar altimeter reconstruction of global mean sea level consistently show that there is no accelerating behaviour, with negative sea level rises for the specific of Norway because of the post-glacial rebound. This suggests the sea level rise of this century will very likely be the one from the past century.
LiCoO2 cathodes coated with Al2O3 derived from carboxylate-alumoxanes have been shown to possess improved cyclability. The carboxylate-alumoxanes were prepared by reacting pseudo-boehmite with acetic and substituted acetic acids. TEM images of the coated powders revealed that the alumina formed a compact kernel of thickness averaging about 20nm. XRD data on the coated materials suggested the formation of solid solutions of the composition LiAl y Co1−y O2 on the surface, a conclusion attested by ESCA depth profiles. Galvanostatic cycling studies suggested that a coating formed from (methoxyethoxy)acetate-alumoxane enhanced the cyclability 13-fold. The improved cyclability is attributed to suppression of the cycle-limiting phase transitions accompanying the charge–discharge processes. The coating procedure based on carboxylate-alumoxanes is economical and environmentally benign, features attractive for industrial exploitation.
Abstract Obtaining composite materials based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) from water dispersion is viable nanotechnology with low impact on the environment and with concrete directions for advanced materials used in coating application. Emulsion, miniemulsion, or microemulsion polymerization techniques can offer by their nature the reducing of the interfacial tension (between MWCNTs and monomers). By free radical polymerization, MWCNT-polymer composites can be obtained in a greener manner by cutting off several supplementary technological steps involved by functionalizing (toxic reagents, energy consuming), solvent phase purification, and separation of the fillers. Providing such examples involving large tonnage polymers like polystyrene, SAN copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, poly(methyl methacrylate) and other, a detailed picture of the state of the art can be achieved for synthesis and application in automotive industry, aerospace, coating materials, antistatic materials, sensors, actuators, membrane production, fibers industry, and others. The chapter tries to answer to some technological bottlenecks: decreasing the environment impact and extending the areas of application by reducing the costs of MWCNTs processing for polymer composites as a natural step for the sustainable development of an MWCNT-composite industry.
The use of manganese dioxide (MnO2) as a positive electrode material in Fuel Cell/Battery (FCB) systems is described. A positive electrode containing MnO2 was fabricated and its performance was evaluated for charge/discharge behavior in three different systems: (i) secondary battery positive electrode, (ii) positive electrode in an alkaline fuel cell, and (iii) positive electrode performance in an FCB system by performing half cell tests. MnO2 was observed to possess redox capabilities as the positive electrode of a secondary battery when it was subject to charge/discharge cycles. It was found that Mn3O4, which inhibits the discharge reaction, was produced during charge/discharge cycles. The I–V characteristics of MnO2 material were measured to check the feasibility of the fuel cell system by supplying H2 into the negative electrode and O2 into the MnO2 positive electrode, respectively. The MnO2 electrode showed similar performance to Ni electrode, which was fabricated by using a similar method to the MnO2 electrode. The MnO2 electrode also showed that it functioned as an FCB positive electrode, which was confirmed by continued production of current when the O2 supply was terminated. These results suggest that MnO2 is a good candidate for an FCB positive electrode material.
Graphene with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 264 m2 g−1 has been used as anodic catalyst of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) based on Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The electrochemical activities of plain stainless steel mesh (SSM), polytetraﬂuoroethylene (PTFE) modified SSM (PMS) and graphene modified SSM (GMS) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), discharge experiment and polarization curve measurement. The GMS shows better electrochemical performance than those of SSM and PMS. The MFC equipped with GMS anode delivers a maximum power density of 2668mWm−2, which is 18 times larger than that obtained from the MFC with the SSM anode and is 17 times larger than that obtained from the MFC with the PMS anode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that the increase in power generation could be attributed to the high surface area of anode and an increase in the number of bacteria attached to anode.
We report the approach to overcome the deterrents of the hexagonal Li2.6Co0.4N as potential insertion anode for lithium ion batteries: the rapid capacity fading upon long cycles and the fully Li-rich state before cycling. Research reveals that the appropriate amount of Co substituted by Cu can greatly improve the cycling performance of Li2.6Co0.4N. It is attributed to the enhanced electrochemical stability and interfacial comparability. However, doped Cu leads to a slightly decreased capacity. High energy mechanical milling (HEMM) was found to effectively improve the reversible capacity associated with the electrochemical kinetics by modifying the active hosts’ morphology characteristics. Moreover, the composite based on mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) and Li2.6Co0.4N was developed under HEMM. The composite demonstrates a high first cycle efficiency at 100% and a large reversible capacity of ca. 450mAhg−1, as well as a stable cycling performance. This work may contribute to a development of the lithium transition metal nitrides as novel anodes for lithium ion batteries.
Nax[MnyNi1-y-zCoz]O2 (NMNC), with a layered oxide structure and a high theoretical capacity (240mAhg−1), is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). NMNC has a low electronic conductivity, which severely affects the cell performance at high current densities. In this study, we have synthesized P2-phase Na2/3[Mn0.55Ni0.30Co0.15]O2 by a solvothermal process, and used multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with carboxylic acid groups to form a nanoscale conductive network in the material. Our results indicate that the electrode kinetics are governed by the mass transport of the reactants, and MWCNTs facilitate better flow of electrons and Na+, especially at high C rates (>2C). We observed a lower charge-transfer resistance in the composite electrode than in pristine NMNC. We also correlate the difference in the Na+ diffusion coefficients of the cathodes to their electrochemical performance. The incorporation of MWCNT enhanced high rate performance of NMNC up to 10C rate and resulted in a specific capacity of 150mAhg−1 at 0.1C rate. Such high rate capability and specific capacity of the composite electrode confirm that the MWCNTs could enhance the electrochemical performance of the P2-NMNC and make it a viable positive electrode material for SIBs.
The aim of this research is to explore visually impaired children's balance characteristics and determine whether a difference occurs in the static and dynamic balance of visually impaired children who do not make sport. The example taken to conduct and swimming team between the ages 13-15 who participate in tournaments, 10 male students who engage in sport comprised the test group and 10 youths who did not sport were the control group. To retrieve information regarding the static and dynamic function of visually impaired youths, the flamingo balance test one foot balance test balance board test, jumping test, balance maintaining test and dynamic balance test were applied.3 static 3 dynamic test batteries were used during the chosen test. In the research that was conducted ,whereas little difference was noted in the flamingo balance test , one foot balance test, balance board test, jumping test and dynamic balance test(p<0.05).The result were obtained using the SPSS 12.0 statistic packet Program.
The composites of two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit good energy storage performance, and hetero-structure plays an important role. In this study, Na adsorption on 2D graphene, silicene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) surfaces, and at TMDs/graphene and TMDs/silicene hetero-structures are systematically investigated through first-principles calculations. Two kinds of interfacial bonding characteristics in the hetero-structures are revealed. The adsorption of Na at different positions in the hetero-structures is studied. The relationship of Na adsorption with the interfacial bonding characteristics and the electronic structures of the systems is explored. The contribution of Na storage in the hetero-structures to the electrochemical performance is analyzed. Furthermore, combined with the study of Na diffusion, the microscopic mechanism of the synergistic effects in the hetero-structures on Na adsorption and diffusion are revealed. The results provide a theoretical basis for obtaining 2D composites with excellent Na storage performance through hetero-structure design.
A symmetric all-organic non-aqueous redox flow-type battery was investigated employing the neutral small molecule radical 3-phenyl-1,5-di-p-tolylverdazyl, which can be reversibly oxidized and reduced in one-electron processes, as the sole charge storage material. Cyclic voltammetry of the verdazyl radical in 0.5 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) in acetonitrile revealed redox couples at − 0.17 V and − 1.15 V vs. Ag+/Ag, leading to a theoretical cell voltage of 0.98 V. From the dependence of peak currents on the square root of the scan rate, diffusion coefficients on the order of 4 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 were demonstrated. Cycling performance was assessed in a static cell employing a Tokoyuma AHA anion exchange membrane, with 0.04 M verdazyl as catholyte and anolyte in 0.5 M TBAPF6 in acetonitrile at a current density of 0.12 mA cm−2. Although coulombic efficiencies were good (94%–97%) throughout the experiment, the capacity faded gradually from high initial values of 93% of the theoretical discharge capacity to 35% by the 50th cycle. Voltage and energy efficiencies were 68% and 65%, respectively. Post-cycling analysis by cyclic voltammetry revealed that decomposition of the active material with cycling is a leading cause of cell degradation.
Structural changes in the surface of graphite composite electrodes in the 1st charge/discharge cycle were studied by ex situ and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the salt in the electrolyte solution and the volume of this solution injected into electrochemical cells on the structural degradation of the graphite surface was investigated. The surface crystallinity of graphite was degraded in LiPF6-based electrolyte solution with only a cycle of intercalation/de-intercalation reactions of Li+, compared to that in a LiClO4-based electrolyte. In situ Raman measurements revealed that structural disordering of the graphite surface should occur in an early stage of the initial intercalation reaction of Li+ into graphite.
An accurate battery pack state of health (SOH) estimation is important to characterize the dynamic responses of battery pack and ensure the battery work with safety and reliability. However, the different performances in battery discharge/charge characteristics and working conditions in battery pack make the battery pack SOH estimation difficult. In this paper, the battery pack SOH is defined as the change of battery pack maximum energy storage. It contains all the cells' information including battery capacity, the relationship between state of charge (SOC) and open circuit voltage (OCV), and battery inconsistency. To predict the battery pack SOH, the method of particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm is applied in battery pack model parameters identification. Based on the results, a particle filter is employed in battery SOC and OCV estimation to avoid the noise influence occurring in battery terminal voltage measurement and current drift. Moreover, a recursive least square method is used to update cells' capacity. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the profiles of New European Driving Cycle and dynamic test profiles. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the battery states with high accuracy for actual operation. In addition, the factors affecting the change of SOH is analyzed.
The interaction of polysulfides with graphene layers substitutionally modified with heteroatoms is analyzed using first-principles calculations, with the aim of using these structures to prevent polysulfide migration in lithium-sulfur batteries. The heteroatoms considered were B, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S and Cl. An estimation of the residence time of the polysulfide on the doped surface was made based on transition state theory, with the finding that the most useful candidates may be graphene structures doped with Al or Si atoms.
Silicon (Si)-based materials have attracted significant research as an outstanding candidate for the anode material of lithium-ion batteries. However, the tremendous volume change and poor electron conductivity of bulk silicon result in inferior capacity retention and low Coulombic efficiency. Designing special Si with high energy density and good stability in a bulk electrode remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce an ingenious strategy to modify micro silicon by designing a porous structure, constructing nanoparticle blocks, and introducing carbon nanotubes as wedges. A disproportion reaction, coupled with a chemical etching process and a ball-milling reaction, are applied to generate the desired material. The as-prepared micro silicon material features porosity, small primary particles, and effective CNT-wedging, which combine to endow the resultant anode with a high reversible specific capacity of up to 2028.6 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and excellent rate capability. The superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique architecture and optimized composition.