batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
With hydrogen becoming more and more important as storage and carrier for renewable energy, there is an increasing need for flexible and efficient storage technologies. However, existing technologies, such as liquefaction or compression, often require a significant share of the hydrogens lower heating value. High-temperature metal hydrides (HT-MHs), such as magnesium hydride, are a promising alternative. Due to high operation temperatures, their application is challenging. A novel adiabatic hydrogen storage reactor based on the combination of a HT-MH with a thermochemical energy storage system (TCSS), such as Mg(OH)2/MgO + H2O, can be a solution. In this work, the previously published numerical simulations for hydrogen absorption are extended to the desorption process. A two-dimensional model for the hydrogen release was set up. The performance of the storage reactor is strongly dependent on the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reactions involved and less dependent on the reaction kinetics. Dehydrogenation is possible within 132 min, which is in the vicinity of the hydrogenation time. To enhance the dehydrogenation process, the water vapor pressure can be adjusted aiming for higher temperatures during the MgO hydration. Hydrogen can either be provided at constant pressure or constant mass flow rate.
Presenting Author details:Micah.Murray@chuv.ch Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 21 6436565; fax: +41 21 6436562. Brain imaging methods are improving our general understanding of the brain's functional organization in healthy individuals as well as patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Electrical neuroimaging has proven a particularly reliable means for identifying sensory–cognitive impairments, endophenotypes, and putative rehabilitation strategies in patients with schizophrenia. This technique benefits from real-time temporal information that reveals the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain (dys)function, including details concerning both when different brain areas become active and in what processing step(s) each is involved. Additionally, electrical neuroimaging can reveal effects that may not forcibly manifest either psychophysically or with neuropsychological batteries. First, evidence will be presented showing that sensory–cognitive impairments in visual processing by patients with schizophrenia dissociate between functions associated with the dorsal and ventral visual processing streams. Such findings are providing insights not only regarding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but also for models of object processing in healthy individuals. Second, evidence will be presented showing recovery of electrophysiological measures of auditory processing (the mismatch negativity; MMN) following treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor that in turn is likely to impact NMDA receptor functioning. Following a double-blind and crossover design, NAC treatment significantly improved MMN generation compared with placebo. This improvement was observed in the absence of either measurable effects on the P300 response, which was not deficient relative to healthy controls, or robust changes in assessments of clinical severity. MMN recovery may thus precede changes in standard clinical metrics, highlighting the possible utility of electrical neuroimaging as a biomarker of treatment efficacy.
Li-polyiodide batteries are attractive because of their high energy density and excellent rate performance. Nevertheless, the polyiodide shuttle effect and Li dendrite growth over cycling result in fast degradation of the Li anode and a short cycle life. Here we report a facile yet efficient design of high-energy membrane-free Li-polyiodide battery, in which the Li anode is shielded by a pre-deposited indium (In) layer and a graphene paper layer. The proof-of-concept semi-liquid battery with such a dual-protection strategy demonstrates a remarkably enhanced cycling stability for the reasons: (i) the In layer is capable of mitigating the Li dendrite growth and resisting the polyiodide shuttle attack; and (ii) the graphene paper physically suppresses the anode surface evolution and enables the formation of a separated passivation layer. Consequently, the battery can operate with a concentrated catholyte of 6 M I− and achieves a volumetric energy density as high as 165.3 Wh L−1 (1.5 C) for 100 cycles. The high performances achieved suggest the aprotic Li-polyiodide battery with a compact and robust architecture shows the potential for various energy storage applications.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process of biomass has showed many merits for the preparation of unique carbon-based material. To overcome the challenges of inherently low porosity and conductivity associated with HTC method-prepared carbons, herein a modified hydrothermal reaction was employed to prepare hierarchically porous carbon spheres (HPCS) with large surface area by using starch as carbon precursor and ammonium ferrous sulfate as porogen. The HPCS materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance as active materials for electric double-layer capacitors, as demonstrated by a large specific capacitance of 248 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, a high volumetric capacitance of 181 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1, good capacity retention, and excellent cycling stability. The modified hydrothermal method proposed here is promising to prepare carbon materials for wide applications.
This paper reports morphology controlled lanthanum and cerium Co-doped LiFePO4@C nanocomposites varying from nanograin, nanorod to nanoflake prepared with a hydrothermal method. Lanthanum and Cerium co-doping can not only downsize particles, enlarge the interplanar spacing d(020), benefit for more (020) exposure, but also transforms the carrier types of nanocomposites from p-type to n-type (La and Ce codoping > 0.1%), contributing to dramatically increase of carrier density and conductivity by a factor of ∼1010 and ∼105, respectively. As a result, the as-prepared LC-LFP@C-5 delivers a capacity up to 112.2 mAh g−1 at 50 C. Even after 500 cycles, it enables a discharge capacity of 101.1 mAh g−1 at ultrahigh current densities of 100 C. Simulation indicates that Lanthanum and Cerium co-doping facilitates electrolyte to penetrate into the active materials, boosts Li+ de-intercalation rate and equalizes Li+ concentration in the electrode. What is more, the kinetic study of impedance and Li+ diffusion from −30 °C - +50 °C at 2.5V–4.3V indicate that lithium ion diffusion process in the electrode is the rate-determining step compared with charge transfer process, which are also confirmed by the higher apparent activation energy compared with that of Arrhenius activation for charge transfer process.
The swiftly growing structure of urbanization and smart cities facilitating the transportation era at peak. Thus, the rising pattern of conventional automobiles leading to the high contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. To mitigate the hazardous profile of GHG emissions, the electric vehicles (xEVs) as the part of smart cities, are gaining immense consideration. However, the unscheduled EVs connectivity with conventional grid system leading unreliable and interrupted power supply, which may lead to the grid failure. In such state of affairs (i.e. GHG emission and rising power demand), the smart microgrids including Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) based charging infrastructure are becoming the most viable paradigm. In this paper, two most emerging technologies belonging to smart cities i.e. xEVs and RESs based smart Microgrid has been covered. The xEVs part of the presented manuscript discusses the detailed study of rising advancement in xEVs charging infrastructure, enhancement in international standards for proper xEVs deployment, and state of art in the xEVs application such as the vehicle to grid (V2G) and vehicle to home (V2H). The second part of the presented work elaborates the state of art in research of smart microgrids energy management system (EMS) including xEVs to enhance the reliability of charging infrastructure.
Publisher Summary Wireless networking, or more generally “wireless communications,” refers to the transmission of signals through a wireless medium, such as air or space, instead of through a physical cable. Wireless communications signals are transmitted and received via antennae. More specifically, a transmitting antenna radiates electromagnetic waves into the air and a receiving antenna collects these waves from the air. Each different type of communications style involves a different type of wireless network. There are also different wireless network technologies associated with each network such as the Bluetooth Technology. It is a short-range wireless technology that enables any Bluetooth-enabled device to communicate with each other via radio links. It enables mobile PCs, mobile phones, and other portable telecommunications devices to be interconnected via short-range radio links instead of conventional and often inconvenient cable attachments. It provides a radio interface connection instead of a cable attachment. The primary advantages of any wireless communications strategy include fast setup times and convenience. Installing a wireless infrastructure is easier and faster than installing a wired infrastructure. There is no need to drill through walls or lay cables—two very time consuming and messy tasks.
The sol–gel technique was used to construct nickel pentacyanonitrosylferrate (NiPCNF) modified composite ceramic carbon electrodes (CCEs). This involves two steps: forming a CCE containing Ni powder and then immersing the electrode into a sodium pentacyanonitrosyl-ferrate solution (electroless deposition). The cyclic voltammograms of the resulting surface modified CCE under optimum conditions show a well-defined redox couple due to the [NiIIFeIII/II(CN)5NO]0/−1 system. The electrochemical properties and stability of the modified electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The apparent electron transfer rate constant (k s) and transfer coefficient (α) were determined by cyclic voltammetry being about 1.1s−1 and 0.55, respectively. Sulfite has been chosen as a model to elucidate the electrocatalytic ability of NiPCNF-modified CCE prepared by one- or two-step sol–gel technique. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the SO3 2− electro oxidation in pH range 3–9 in comparison with CCE modified by homogeneous mixture of graphite powder, Ni(NO3)2 and Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] (one-step sol–gel technique). Sulfite was determined amperometrically at the surface of this modified electrode in pH 7. Under the optimized conditions the calibration curve is linear in the concentration range 2μM to 2.0mM. The detection limit (signal-to-noise is 3) and sensitivity are 0.5μM and 13.5nA/μM. The modified carbon ceramic electrode containing nickel pentacyanonitrosylferrate shows good repeatability, short response time, t (90%) <2s, long-term stability (3 months), and it is renewed by simple mechanical polishing and its immersing in Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] solution. The advantages of the SO3 2− amperometrically detector based on the nickel pentacyanonitrosylferrate-doped CCE is high sensitivity, inherent stability at wide pH range, excellent catalytic activity and less expense and simplicity of preparation. This sensor can be used as amperometric detector in chromatographic instruments.
A three-dimensional macroporous Cu/SnO2 composite anode sheet for lithium ion batteries was prepared via a novel method that is based on selective reduction of metal oxides at appropriate temperatures. SnO2 particles were imbedded on the Cu particles within the three-dimensionally interconnected Cu substrate, and the whole composite sheet was used directly as an electrode without adding extra conductive carbons and binders. Compared with the SnO2-based electrode prepared via the conventional tape-casting method on Cu foil, the porous Cu/SnO2 composite electrode shows significantly improved battery performance. This methodology produces limited wastes and is also adaptable to many other materials. It is a promising approach to make macroporous electrode for Li-ion batteries.
Cycles of hype and disappointment are frequently observed in relation to new technologies. Hype draws attention to potential positive effects while excluding or under emphasizing a new technology's dependencies on other factors and its potential negative effects. Thus, hype presents a partial picture of technological innovation. In this paper, it is argued that dependencies and potential negative effects should be, and can be, included in the framing of new technologies. First, the limitations of hype are described with references to cases. Next, a template is provided to summarize big picture innovation framing. Dependencies for effectiveness and dependencies for efficient operation are included. This is because the potential of technological innovations to bring about positive effects is often dependent upon extraneous factors. Also, their efficient operation is often dependent upon many inter-related technological components. Potential negative effects are also included. Big picture framing is contrasted with the partial picture provided by hype. Then, examples of dependencies and potential negative effects are described for a range of technologies. Subsequently, a full example of big picture framing is provided for a hyped technology. In conclusion, it is argued that big picture framing can be a more informative starting point for understanding the potential of new technologies than vague hyperbole.
Cancer survivors are a rapidly growing and aging population in the U.S., but there are many challenges associated with the survivorship experience such as functional disabilities and psychosocial distress. When viewed next to the general population, Veterans are especially at risk for these challenges as they are older and have a high incidence of co-morbid conditions. While the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has called for further cancer survivorship research to address these challenges, we still know little about this experience from the perspective of aging Veterans.
Surface conductive engineering on Li2S is critical for construction of advanced cathodes of lithium-sulfur batteries. Herein, we construct a high-performance Li2S-based composite cathode with the help of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D-rGO) network and outer carbon coating. Typically, the Li2S@C particles are uniformly embedded into 3D-rGO to form a binder-free 3D-rGO-Li2S@C cathode by the combination of a liquid solution-evaporation coating and PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) carbonization. The 3D-rGO-Li2S@C cathode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 856 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, superior cycling stability with a capacity of 388.4 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1C, corresponding to a low capacity fading rate. It is demonstrated that the outer conductive coating is effective and necessary for electrochemical enhancement of Li2S cathodes by improving electrical conductivity and prohibiting polysulfide from shuttling during cycling.
Electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous structures possess superior features, such as a shortened solid-phase lithium diffusion distance, a large pore volume, full lithium ion accessibility, and a high specific area, which can facilitate fast lithium ion transport and electron transfer between solid/electrolyte interfaces. In this work, we introduce a facile synthesis route for the preparation of a 3D nanoarchitecture of Ge coated with carbon (3D-Ge/C) via a carbothermal reduction method in an inert atmosphere. 3D-Ge/C showed excellent cyclability: almost 86.8% capacity retention, corresponding to a charge capacity of 1216 mA h g−1 even after 1000 cycles at a 2C-rate. Surprisingly, the high average reversible capacity of 1122 mA h g−1 was maintained at a high charge rate of 100C (160 A g−1). Even at an ultrahigh charge rate of 400C (640 A g−1), an average capacity of 429 mA h g−1 was attained. Further, the full cell composed of a 3D-Ge/C anode and an LiCoO2 cathode exhibited excellent rate capability and cyclability with 94.7% capacity retention over 50 cycles. 3D-Ge/C, which offers a high energy density like batteries as well as a high power density like supercapacitors, is expected to be used in a wide range of electrochemical devices.
The first wave power patent was filed in 1799. Since then, hundreds of ideas for extraction of energy from ocean waves have surfaced. In the process of developing a concept, it is important to learn from previous successes and failures, and this is not least important when moving into the ocean. In this paper, a review has been made with the purpose of finding wave power projects that have made ocean trials, and that also have reported what has been measured during the trials, and how it has been measured. In relation to how many projects have done work on wave power, surprisingly few have reported on such measurements. There can be many reasons for this, but one is likely the great difficulties in working with experiments in an ocean environment. Many of the projects have reported on sensor failures, unforeseen events, and other general problems in making measurements at sea. The most common site measurement found in this review was wave height. Such measurements was almost universal, although the technologies used differed somewhat. The most common device measurements were electric voltages and/or currents and system pressures (air and water). Device motion and mooring forces were also commonly measured. The motion measurements differed the most between the projects, and many varying methods were used, such as accelerometers, wire sensors, GPS systems, optical systems and echo sounders.
We report on facile preparation of Tellurium (Te)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes for evaluation of electrochemical parameters. Initially, Te (0.5–11w/w %) was, in-situ, incorporated while reduction of graphene oxide. In material analysis, 1% Te optimised C/O ratio by rearrangement of C(O)O, separating oxygen from graphene plane, and self-oxidation. TeO bridging acted as an ideal strain buffer that modified nature of conjugation, folding, and exfoliated rGO sheets advantageous for pseudo-capacitive action. Electrochemical analysis, showed substantial increase in specific capacitance, Csp(@5 mV/s), for 1% Te-rGO, to 460 F/g from base rGO (270 F/g) with increase in charge-discharge time (CD@0.5A/g) 15 (rGO) to 100 s (Te-rGO). For two electrodes, CV (285 F/g @ 5 mV/s) and CD (260 F/g @0.25A/g) data was in well agreement with greatest CD ∼ 250 s for (1%). The CD time was retarded by a factor of six in both electrode studies, at 1%. The estimated energy, ED(Wh/kg), and power density, PD (W/kg), indicated that, both electrodes were at the interface of battery and electrode double layer capacitor (EDLC) region on Ragone plane. However, 1%Te-rGO at low PD(250) and high ED (8) have battery-like behaviour, whereas, at high PD (1002) and low ED(5) showed pseudo-capacitive action. Investigations on Nyquist, ac complex capacitance (Bode), and phase plots quantified contribution of impedances offered by surface, interface (electrolyte/active electrode/collector), charge transfer, and ions. Te-rGO showed excellent cycle stability 100% even after 2500 cycles @ 1A/g. By and large, 1% Te showed superior pseudo capacitive performance compared over high Te % and base rGO.
Carbon cloth supported vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoflake arrays are synthesized by a facile solvothermal deposition method. The V2O5 nanoflakes grow quasi-vertically to the carbon cloth and show a star-fruit like hierarchical structure composed of 3−4 secondary flakes with a thickness of ∼20nm. When applied as cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the V2O5 nanoflake arrays exhibit a high capacity of 292 mAh g−1 at 0.5C, and 94% capacity (275 mAh g−1) retained after 100 cycles. In addition, the V2O5 nanoflakes present an impressive high-rate capability with 62% capacity (181 mAh g−1) retention when the rate changes from 0.5C to 10C. The noticeable electrochemical performances are mainly due to the carbon cloth supported thin nanoflake array structure, which provides fast ion/electron transfer, sufficient contact between active materials and electrolyte, and alleviates the structure degradation caused by volume expansion during the cycling process.
We have previously noted that the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) contains over 80 instances in which a drug elicited a positive genotoxic response in one or more in vitro assays, despite having no obvious structural features predictive of covalent drug/DNA interactive potential or known mechanistic basis. Furthermore, in most cases, these drugs were “missed” by computational genotoxicity-predicting models such as DEREK, MCASE and TOPKAT. We have previously reported the application of a V79 cell-based model and a 3D DNA docking model for predicting non-covalent chemical/DNA interactions. Those studies suggested that molecules that are very widely structurally diverse may be capable of intercalating into DNA. To determine whether such non-covalent drug/DNA interactions might be involved in unexpected drug genotoxicity, we evaluated, using both models where possible, 56 marketed pharmaceuticals, 40 of which were reported as being clastogenic in in vitro cytogenetics assays (chromosome aberrations/mouse lymphoma assay). As seen before, the two approaches showed good concordance (62%) and 26 of the 40 (65%) drugs exhibiting in vitro clastogenicity were predicted as intercalators by one or both methods. This finding provides support for the hypothesis that non-covalent DNA interaction may be a common mechanism of clastogenicity for many drugs having no obvious structural alerts for covalent DNA interaction.
A hierarchically flower-like structure with nanoarrays coupled with 3D macroporous sponge graphene combines the preponderances of the hierarchical nanoarchitecture and composition to enhance electrochemical performance. A graphene-karst cave flower-like Ni-Mn layered double oxides (GL) electrode material was prepared through a mild hydrothermal-carbonization process. As an electrode material, the resulting GL composite exhibited excellent performance with high specific capacitance (1,648 and 1,252Fg−1 at 0.5 and 10Ag−1, respectively) and good cycling stability (almost 96% retention after 6,000 charge-discharge cycles) for energy storage electrode. The GL composite material acting as a positive electrode for the asymmetric supercapacitor also exhibited high specific capacitance of 116.56Fg−1 at 0.5Ag−1 and excellent cycling stability with 86.7% capacitance retention after 6,000 cycles at a current density of 5Ag−1. This outstanding electrochemical performance may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the layered double oxides and 3D macroporous graphene oxide sponge.
We explore the extent to which repeating a brand-attribute association will have a greater effect on recall when the 2 repetitions occur at different points in time rather than immediately after each other. Cued recall is generally better when the repeated items are separated. However, this depends on the extent to which information is organized by brand as well as by attribute, the number of attribute items presented about the brand, and the relatedness of the attributes.