batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The present study reports the simultaneous formation of graphene sheets and hydrogen by methane decomposition using cobalt catalysts. The production of graphene structures can be promoted by adjusting the method and conditions employed in the preparation of the metallic catalyst. The use of methane as a reducing agent seems to be an essential factor for the formation of graphene. The best performance in terms of graphene selectivity is shown by the catalyst obtained using Na2CO3 as a precipitating agent in ethylene glycol medium. Several characterization techniques viz.HRTEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy have been used to identify the graphene sheets.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) which removes ionic species from solution by applying electric energy to carbon based electrodes is one of excellent convergence technologies combined with energy storage technology and environmental systems. In recent decades, the technology for synthesizing new carbon materials has advanced, the electrical double layer capacitance in porous structures has become better understood, and novel deionization systems have been developed. Nevertheless, achieving a higher deionization performance is required for CDI to compete with reverse osmosis for deionization. The recently introduced Hybrid CDI (HCDI), which utilizes sodium manganese oxide (Na4Mn9O18) and carbon material, successfully demonstrated its superior deionization performance over conventional CDI systems. Despite the great promise of the HCDI system, the limited availability of aqueous based intercalation materials and the lack of information regarding the characteristics of the HCDI system operations are obstacles to the advancement of HCDI. Thus, we report a new HCDI system with sodium iron pyrophosphate (Na2FeP2O7), which is a promising material for sodium ion batteries due to its high capacity, low cost and environmentally benign nature. The major results of the HCDI system with Na2FeP2O7 showed a superior maximum deionization rate performance (0.081mgg−1 s−1) with a comparable deionization capacity (30.2mgg−1) compared to the previous HCDI system with Na4Mn9O18. Furthermore, the analysis of the CDI Ragone plot revealed the hybrid behavior characteristics of this HCDI system and that the high deionization capacity originated from the high capacity of Na2FeP2O7 at a low current density, whereas the fast deionization rate originated from the supercapacitor system at a high current density. Consequently, this study on a new HCDI system with Na2FeP2O7 contributes to expanding the understanding of the kinetic properties of the HCDI system with respect to its diverse operations.
Recent progress on graphene/metal oxide composites as advanced electrode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and electrochemical capacitors (ECs) is described, highlighting the importance of synergistic effects between graphene and metal oxides and the beneficial role of graphene in composites for LIBs and ECs. It is demonstrated that, when the composites are used as electrode materials for LIBs and ECs, compared to their individual constituents, graphene/metal oxide composites with unique structural variables such as anchored, wrapped, encapsulated, sandwich, layered and mixed models have a significant improvement in their electrochemical properties such as high capacity, high rate capability and excellent cycling stability. First, an introduction on the properties, synthesis strategies and use of graphene is briefly given, followed by a state-of-the-art review on the preparation of graphene/metal oxide composites and their electrochemical properties in LIBs and ECs. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of graphene/metal oxide composites for energy storage are discussed.
Summary Introduction Accurate post operative assessment of free tissue transfers is challenging despite all the subjective and objective techniques available today. In our continual search to optimise patient outcomes, we introduced the Cook-Swartz probe into our clinical practice in May 2006. Methods We present our single centre experience in 103 patients undergoing 121 microvascular breast reconstructions and monitored using implantable Cook-Swartz venous dopplers between May 2006 and January 2008. Results In total, we used 145 probes on 121 microvascular breast reconstructions (DIEP=102, SIEP=15, SGAP=4) in 103 female patients. The mean operative time was 4h and 55min (μ=295; range 117–630; ó±101min) and we suffered 2 complete flap losses. A problem with the audible signal was noted in 15 patients (4 intra-operatively). We revised 14 of the 15. All fourteen had compromised anastomoses. In the remaining case, the patient was not returned to theatre as the primary surgeon was confident there were no other signs of vascular compromise. Overall, when using the venous doppler probe we found a false positive rate of 6.7% and 0% false negatives. Discussion We advocate the use of a Cook–Swartz probe which has been well received by both surgeons, nursing staff and patients, as an adjunct to traditional clinical monitoring techniques. We also include a comprehensive experience based technical discussion concerning its application, attachment, use and post-operative removal.
Hierarchical Sb2S3/C composite nanorods are synthesized successfully by a novel l-cysteine-assisted solvothermal treatment. The as-synthesized Sb2S3/C composite is found to display a high reversible specific capacity of 1084mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1, a good cyclability of 960mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 after 30 cycles, and a superior rate capability of 1019mAhg−1 at a current density of 4000mAg−1 when evaluated as an electrode candidate material for lithium-ion batteries.
Thermal management system is of critical importance for a Li-ion battery pack, as high performance and long battery pack life can be simultaneously achieved when operated within a narrow range of temperature around the room temperature. An efficient thermal management system is required to keep the battery temperature in this range, despite widely varying operating conditions. A novel liquid coolant based thermal management system, for 18,650 battery pack has been introduced herein. This system is designed to be compact and economical without compromising safety. A coupled three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical thermal model is constructed for the proposed Li-ion battery pack. The model is used to evaluate the effects of different operating conditions like coolant flow-rate and discharge current on the pack temperature. Contact resistance is found to have the strongest impact on the thermal performance of the pack. From the numerical solution, a simple and novel temperature correlation of predicting the temperatures of all the individual cells given the temperature measurement of one cell is devised and validated with experimental results. Such coefficients have great potential of reducing the sensor requirement and complexity in a large Li-ion battery pack, typical of an electric vehicle.
To meet the growing energy demands, it is urgent for us to construct grid-scale energy storage system than can connect sustainable energy resources. Aqueous Li-ion batteries (ALIBs) have been widely investigated to become the most promising stationary power sources for sustainable energy such as wind and solar power. It is believed that advantages of ALIBs will overcome the limitations of the traditional organic lithium battery in virtue of the safety and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolyte. In the past decades, plentiful works have been devoted to enhance the performance of different types of ALIBs. In this review, we discuss the development of cathode, anode and electrolyte for acquiring the desired electrochemical performance of ALIBs. Also, the main challenges and outlook in this field are briefly discussed.
As the positive active material of lead-acid battery, microstructure and surface morphology of lead dioxide (PbO2) have a strong influence on the overall performance of lead-acid battery. In this paper, we fabricated a series of PbO2 thin films on the pure Pb surface by means of the electrochemical oxidation of Pb substrate and used the as-fabricated Pb electrodes coated with PbO2 thin films as the model electrodes to study the dependence of electrochemical properties of PbO2 materials on their microstructure and morphology, thereby providing necessary technical basis for the improvement of electrochemical performance of PbO2 active materials. Herein nanostructured PbO2 thin films were electrochemically prepared using a galvanostatic oxidation method in dilute H2SO4 solution. The electrochemical properties of the PbO2 films with different structure and morphology were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current charge/discharge methods. The results demonstrated that the PbO2 layer formed at a current density of 10mAcm−2 possessed the higher discharge capacity and the better cycle performance than the other PbO2 layers, due to high surface area, relatively small and uniform size, and especially good connectivity between PbO2 nanoparticles. The possible factors that affect electrochemical properties of different PbO2 thin films were interpreted in detail.
There is an increasing awareness that there are limits to the availability of non-renewable resources, while there is an increasing energy demand throughout the world. This demand is expected to be satisfied through the efficient renewable energy in the near future. However, the world is facing the challenge of variable renewable energy outputs due to a stochastic feature of the energy sources. Thermal energy storage (TES) can be a good option for mitigating the effects of intermittent renewable resources on the networks. It can not only allow the increased renewable energy and night time low price electricity utilization, but also provide flexibility and ancillary services for managing future electricity supply/demand challenges. In this paper, various TES forms, including sensible, latent and sorption are explained and summarized for their performance enhancement. More importantly, from the perspective of sustainability, various integration forms for different applications are systematically introduced, such as TES integration with hot water supply, air conditioners and heat pumps, TES integration with building construction systems, and TES integration with power production cycles, cogeneration, food transport, solar cookers and vehicle systems for thermal comfort. Therefore, this study is beneficial to designing more sustainable thermal systems by the researchers and engineers.
In this article, tufted NiCo2O4 nanoneedles directly grown on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal procedure and subsequent annealing. The morphology of tufted NiCo2O4 nanoneedles/carbon nanofibers (TNN/CNFs) composite appears like clustered acicular leaves on branches, forming a unique three dimensional (3D) hybrid structure. Compared to NiCo2O4 nanoneedles spheres (NNS) without CNFs, the TNN/CNFs material presents a reversible discharge specific capacity up to 1033.6mAhg−1 at a current density of 200mAg−1 even after 250 cycles, with the coulombic efficiency of above 98%. The unique 3D hybrid structure formed with CNFs should be responsible for the superior lithium storage capacity and enhanced cycling performance, which provides short distance for ions transport, high specific surface area for large contact areas between electrode and electrolyte, together with the interspace to accommodate volume change and smaller agglomeration tendency. Moreover, the design route proposed offers more possibility to preparation of high-performance anode materials for LIBs.
The relentless development and modularization of electronics have urgently required the all-round improvement of performance, flexibility, safety, miniaturization and integration of micro-batteries. However, traditional cell design in stacked geometry fails to meet these comprehensive demands, especially high-temperature performance. Herein, we report the prototype construction of all-solid-state planar lithium ion micro-batteries (LIMBs), with characteristics of superior volumetric energy density, exceptional flexibility, extraordinary high-temperature performance, and outstanding integration of bipolar cells. The planar LIMBs were manufactured based on the interdigital patterns of lithium titanate nanospheres/graphene as anode and lithium iron phosphate microspheres/graphene as cathode, free of polymer binder and separator, working in ionogel electrolyte. The resulting LIMBs deliver ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 125.5 mWh cm−3, ultralong-term cyclability without capacity loss after 3300 times at room temperature, and outstanding rate capability due to the multi-directional Li-ion diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, our micro-batteries present exceptional flexibility without capacity decay under repeated bending, remarkable high-temperature performance up to 1000 cycles operated at 100 °C, superior miniaturization and simplified modularization of constructing intergrated LIMBs that readily control over the output voltage and capacity, all of which can’t be simultaneously achieved by the conventional techniques. Therefore, our planar LIMBs hold tremendous opportunities for future miniaturized and integrated electronics.
Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878) was one of the most famous French experimental scientists of the nineteenth century. After studying and carrying out research at the École Polytechnique and the École des Mines in Paris, he was elected to the Paris Académie des Sciences in 1840 and was appointed Professor of Experimental Physics at the Collège de France in 1841. His initial researches were in chemistry, but his careful experimental investigations of the law of the specific heat of solids that Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838) and Alexis Thérèse Petit (1791–1820) proposed in 1818 opened the door to his transition to physics and to his pioneering experimental researches on various thermodynamic properties of liquids and gases. I focus particularly on his investigations on the expansion, compressibility, vapor pressure, and speed of sound in gases. He also made important contributions to the new art of photography and to the ceramic industry as director of the Sèvres factory, at a time when his personal life was filled with tragedy. While his experimental work was acclaimed by his contemporaries, it has been largely neglected by scientists and historians today.
Umicore has acquired from 3M the ownership of three nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) patent families for cathode materials that are the reference in a wide range of lithium ion rechargeable batteries. Through this deal Umicore acquires all existing and future licensing rights to the three patents that it had previously been practicing under license from 3M. These patents collectively cover South Korea, China, Japan, Europe and the United States and have a validity of between 2021 and 2024. Umicore takes over all rights and responsibilities with the existing licensees of 3M. The NMC cathode materials covered by the different patent families have become the 7 reference for large format lithium ion batteries which are typically used in automotive and energy storage applications. ‘We are delighted to be acquiring the full ownership of these patents,’ said Kurt Vandeputte, vice president business team for Umicore's rechargeable battery materials activity. ‘The NMC battery materials technology covered by these patents is a clear reference in the industry and is being incorporated in the majority of batteries for electrified vehicle platforms being launched today and in the near future.’ Umicore;www.umicore.com
Low-involvement consumption includes the majority of regular purchases by individuals and the community, and collectively these have a substantial negative environmental impact. It is, therefore, an important environmental domain to examine. This research surveys 340 Turkish consumers and examines whether apathy, locus of control and myopia influence environmental orientation and purchase intentions for a low-involvement green product, and whether purchase intentions are mediated by consumers' environmental orientation. The results suggest that environmental orientation positively affects purchase intentions, whereas external locus of control negatively affects purchase intentions. Environmental orientation mediates the effect of the internal and external locus of controls' effect on purchase intentions. The results indicate that environmental orientation is a critical direct and indirect driver of purchase intentions for low-involvement environmental goods. Moreover, it highlights that achieving an increase in consumers' purchase intentions for low-involvement green goods may be more challenging than influencing their purchase intentions for high-involvement green goods. The inability to increase purchase intentions for low involvement green goods will substantially inhibit reduction of consumers' environmental impacts through daily activities.
Li+-ion and Na+-ion transfer at interfaces composed of inorganic solid electrolytes and polymer or organic liquid electrolytes were compared. La0.55Li0.35TiO3 and Na3Zr1.88Y0.12Si2PO12, which are conductive for Li+ and Na+, were selected for use as inorganic solid electrolytes. PC solution and PEO-based polymer electrolytes were added to Li salt or Na salt to give ionic conductivity. Using these electrolytes, solid electrolyte/liquid electrolyte or solid electrolyte/polymer electrolyte interfaces were constructed. The resistivities of Li+ or Na+ transfer through these interfaces were estimated based on the results of ac impedance measurements. In both solid/liquid and solid/polymer systems, the activation energies of Na+-ion transfer at the interface were smaller than those of Li+-ion. The Lewis acidity of both ions, Li+ and Na+, clearly explains this difference and supports the idea that the interaction between ion and solvents plays a major role in interfacial ion-transfer processes.
A high energy density is critical for supercapacitors to supersede conventional batteries for the applications where both high power and high energy are demanded. Here we report nanoporous metal/conductive polymer hybrid electrodes fabricated by electrochemically plating conductive polypyrrole into nanoporous channels of a dealloyed nanoporous metal. The low electric resistance and open porosity of the nanoporous metal give rise to excellent conductivity of electrons and ions and hence dramatically improved electrochemical performances of the pseudocapacitive polypyrrole. Supercapacitors based on the hybrid electrodes show an ultrahigh energy density of ∼100 Wh kg−1 in a three-electrode, comparable to NiMH batteries, as well as high power density of ∼57 kW kg−1. Cycling stability measurements demonstrate that the hybrid electrode can retain 85% of the maximum capacitance after 3000 cycles and the degeneration is mainly caused by the dissolution of polypyrrole during charge/discharge cycling.
Because of the ultrahigh theoretical capacity, sodium metal is regarded as the most prospective next-generation anode material. However, due to the dendritic sodium formation as well as high chemical reactivity with electrolyte, it still has safety issues and poor cyclability, which have severely impeded the practicability of sodium metal technology. Therefore, it is important for the advanced sodium metal batteries to construct the stable dendrite-free sodium metal anode. In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed towards solving these problems, including sodium-electrode framework design, organic electrolyte modification, sodium-metal interface protection. Furthermore, solid-state electrolytes have an advantage over the liquid electrolytes and are considered to constitute safe solid sodium metal batteries so as to prohibit problematic sodium dendrites. This review comprehensively analyzes the growth mechanism of the sodium dendrites and summarizes recent advances in the strategies of suppressing the formation of sodium dendrite. The practical application in full batteries and future challenges of sodium metal anode are addressed for energy storage devices. We hope this review delivers an overall picture of sodium protection strategies and inspires more researches in the future.
Few studies have evaluated the overall life cycle energy demand of residential buildings, including their embodied, operational and user-transport requirements. To our knowledge, none has quantified the life cycle cost associated with reducing each of the aforementioned energy demands. It is critical to evaluate both energy and financial requirements in order to provide effective energy saving solutions for actors of the built environment. This study quantifies the life cycle energy and cost requirements associated with 22 different energy reduction measures targeting embodied, operational and user-transport requirements. It evaluates a case study apartment building in Sehaileh, Lebanon. Embodied, operational and transport energy requirements are calculated over 50years using a comprehensive approach. Life cycle costs are quantified using the net present value technique. Results identify the most cost effective energy reduction measures and discard some others which are financially prohibitive, namely the installation of photovoltaic panels and the use of hybrid cars. A number of recommendations for building designers, occupants, urban designers and planners and decision makers are provided based on the quantified benefits of each measure. This demonstrates the need for assessments with a broad scope and their potential to inform energy reduction strategies in the built environment.
The importance of the left inferior pre-frontal cortex (LIPC) for speech production was first popularized by Paul Broca, providing a cornerstone of behavioral neurology and laying the foundation for future research examining brain-behavior relationships. Although Broca’s findings were rigorously challenged, comprehensive contradictory evidence was not published until 130years later. This evidence suggested that damage to left anterior insula was actually the best predictor of motor speech impairment. Using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic stroke, we reveal that LIPC involvement more accurately predicts acquired motor speech impairment than insula damage. Perfusion-weighted MRI provides complementary evidence, highlighting how damage to left inferior pre-frontal gyrus often includes insula involvement, and vice versa. Our findings suggest that Broca’s initial conclusions associating acquired motor speech impairment with LIPC damage remain valid nearly 150years after his initial report on this issue.
A lithium-polymer battery based on an ionic liquid–polymer electrolyte (IL–PE) composite membrane operating at room temperature is described. Utilizing a polypyrrole coated LiV3O8 cathode material, the cell delivers >200mAhg−1 with respect to the mass of the cathode material. Discharge capacity is slightly higher than those observed for this cathode material in standard aprotic electrolytes; it is thought that this is the result of a lower solubility of the LiV3O8 material in the IL–PE composite membrane.
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has drawn great attention due to its safety and stability in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, high potential plateau at 1.5 V vs. Li reduces the cell voltage, leading to a limited use of LTO. Dual ion batteries (DIBs) can achieve high working voltage due to high intercalation potential of cathode. Herein, we propose a DIB configuration in which LTO is used as anode and the working voltage was 3.5 V. This DIB achieves a maximum specific energy of 140 Wh/kg at a specific power of 35 W/kg, and the specific power of 2933 W/kg can be obtained with a remaining specific energy of 11 Wh/kg. Traditional LIB material shows greatly improved properties in the DIB configuration. Thus, reversing its disadvantage leads to upgraded performance of batteries. Our configuration has also widened the horizon of materials for DIBs.