batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Amine-based CO2 capture is considered the most mature technology for industrial application in coal-fired power stations, but its large energy requirement represents a major barrier to commercial deployment. Here, we introduce a novel approach involving a CO2 regenerative amine-based battery (CRAB), which harvests the chemical energy from amine-based CO2 capture through a metal-mediated electrochemical process. The CRAB process uses the dual ability of amines (i.e. ammonia) to reversibly react with CO2 and complex with metal ions (i.e. copper) to convert the CO2 reaction enthalpy into electrical energy. To determine how the CRAB process harvests energy from CO2 capture, we established a validated chemical model for CRAB system which was used to predict the electrode potentials, and conceive a CRAB cycle that links CO2 absorption/desorption with the electrochemical process. Modelling results indicate that CRAB could at best produce 8.4 kJe/mol CO2 from a copper/ammonia based energy harvesting system, while optimised CRAB experimentally discharged 6.5 kJe/mol CO2 of electrical energy with a maximum power density of 32 W/m2. When CRAB is coupled with an advanced ammonia process, the experimentally achieved energy output could reduce capture energy requirement to 0.177 MW h/tonne CO2 (including CO2 compression to 150 bar), with a high thermodynamic efficiency of CO2 capture of 62.1% (relative to thermodynamic minimum work of 0.11 MW h/tonne CO2). Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of the CRAB system to harvest electrical energy from CO2 capture process, providing a pathway to significantly reduce capture energy requirement.
Europe is facing within the last decade important shifts within its age related population structure, being confirmed an empathic process of population aging. Within the framework of the European project titled Intergenerational Learning: from Diagnostic to Impact Evaluation – CROSS AGES, an integrated learning model based on the support and enhancement of intergenerational exchange was defined, as a lever for promoting successful ageing (active ageing) and social inclusion of older people in the local communities. The project identified a series of LLL methodologies and tools designed to meet the specific requirements of older people's learning, such as motivation, contents of experience, communication and transmission means, flexibility needs in terms of time and methods, in order to favour the complete fulfilment and active participation of older people in the different living and working contexts. Because of social and demographical changes mentioned before, older and younger people may have to cooperate together in their current activities at workplace and even outside of it. However, the intergenerational exchange and cooperation may encounter some difficulties, as different generations use ‘different languages’, have different social and working practices, and activate and work at different paces. In order to study and promote intergenerational exchange between young and older adults, University of Padua, the coordinator of the CROSS AGES project, developed a battery of questionnaires, called Motivation to Acquire, Use and Transfer knowledge (MAUT), in order to assess the intergenerational knowledge exchange. The MAUT battery was applied in three European countries: Italy, Romania and France and, thus, the research results reveal the similarities and differences concerning the motivation to acquire and transfer knowledge in the working domain. Still, the focus of the present article is on the intergenerational exchange premises in Romania and Italy, a comparative analysis being offered.
During the past decades, avian studies have profited from the development of miniature electronic devices that allow long-term and long-range monitoring. To ensure data quality and to inform understanding of possible impacts, it is necessary to test the effects of tagging. We investigated the influence of GPS-transmitters on the behaviour and physiology (levels of excreted corticosterone metabolites, CM) of an endangered bird species, the Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). We considered effects of GPS-tags in two contexts: (1) aviary (i.e. in captivity), focussing on short-term effects of transmitters on locomotion, foraging and maintenance behaviour (20 individuals that differed in sex and age observed for 10 days) and (2) field, focussing on intermediate-term effects of transmitters on locomotion, foraging, maintenance behaviour, dorsal feather preening, social interactions and physiology (CM) (24 individuals observed for 79 days). In both contexts, focal animals were equipped with bio-logger backpacks mounted with a harness.
In this paper energy storage systems used with PV power generators are reviewed with a focus on batteries. Merits and demerits of different storage technologies are compared. Batteries are further reviewed, modelled and simulated, with a focus on the four most common battery technologies used with PV systems, i.e., lead-acid (Pb-acid), lithium-ion (Li-ion), nickel-metal-hydride (Ni-MH), and nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd). Pb-acid batteries are the cheapest and most widely available but they also have the lowest charging/discharging cycles. Ni-MH and Ni-Cd batteries have many similar characteristics with the latter being the most temperature resistant of all batteries. However, these technologies are not widely available and are quite expensive compared to Pb-Acid batteries. Li-ion batteries have the fastest charging/discharging cycles and highest efficiencies of up to 99%. However, they are also the most expensive and are also not widely available in developing communities; the merits and demerits of the four battery technologies mentioned above are compared in a table.
The SmartSite RS portable analyzer from Rigaku is intended exclusively for on-site studies to calculate the residual stress of metal components. SmartSite RS can be used for large-scale building projects as well as for independent products such as maritime vessels, pipelines, bridges, aerospace equipment, aircraft, automobiles, and heavy machinery. The instrument can be powered using an integrated battery or 100–240 V AC provided via a wall socket. The battery is capable of handling up to 100 measurements for each charge. The instrument does not need cooling water.Rigaku SmartSite RS portable stress analyzer
AB2O4 type 3d transition metal nano-platelets Ni x Cu z Co y O4 {x =1-z, y =2-z, z =0.2}, exhibiting pseudocapacitance behavior in aqueous electrolytes has been examined as a positive electrode in an asymmetric hybrid cell against a double layer coke carbon. Synthesis of these single phase spinels has been accomplished via a modified solvothermal route which yields individual nano-platelets (∼50nm size) as confirmed by STEM, high resolution TEM (HRTEM) and SAED images. It is evident from XPS analysis that the copper substitution occupies both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination in the host spinel. Indexed XRD patterns reveal Cu substitution affects the cell volume as compared with pristine spinel. It has been found that substitution of up to 20 mol% Ni or Co by Cu leads to a significant increase of specific capacitance (Fg−1) compared to pristine counterpart (NiCo2O4). More pronounced effects on the capacitance have been realized specifically with Cu substitution at Ni site (octahedral, called A-site herein after) namely Ni0.8Cu0.2Co2O4 rather than Co site (tetrahedral, called B-site) of NiCo1.8Cu0.2O4 spinels. The former composition delivers an average capacitance of up to 458Fg−1 whereas only a 244Fg−1 was deduced from the latter. A hybrid asymmetric aqueous cell comprised of Ni0.8Cu0.2Co2O4(+)//activated carbon (AC) (-) electrode couple renders ∼72Fg−1 of cell capacitance with a good cycle stability (over 1000 cycles) within a potential window of 1.5V. It has been deduced that the hybrid cell delivers a power density of 12kWkg−1 and energy density of 7Whkg−1 at room temperature.
The hybrid Li-ion electrochemical supercapacitor (Li-HSC) combining the battery-like anode with capacitive cathode is a promising energy storage device boasting large energy and power densities. Orthorhombic Nb2O5 is a good anode material in Li-HSCs because of its large pseudocapacitive Li-ion intercalation capacity. Herein, we report a high-performance, binder-free and flexible anode consisting of long Nb2O5 nanowires and graphene (L-Nb2O5 NWs/rGO). The paper-like L-Nb2O5 NWs/rGO film electrode has a large mass loading of Nb2O5 of 93.5 wt% as well as short solid-state ion diffusion length, and enhanced conductivity (5.1 S cm−1). The hybrid L-Nb2O5 NWs/rGO paper electrode shows a high reversible specific capacity of 160 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, superior rate capability with capacitance retention of 60% when the current density increases from 0.2 to 5 A g−1, as well as excellent cycle stability. The Li-HSC device based on the L-Nb2O5/rGO anode and the cathode of biomass-derived carbon nanosheets delivers an energy density of 106 Wh kg−1 at 580 W kg−1 and 32 Wh kg−1 at a large power density of 14 kW kg−1. Moreover, the Li-HSC device exhibits excellent cycling performance without obvious capacitance decay after 1000 cycles.
Résumé Objectif Évaluer des sujets cérébrolésés dans les tâches de génération de script et d'exécution d'une activité de vie quotidienne (cuisine). Matériels et méthodes Douze sujets cérébrolésés et 12 sujets témoins sont évalués par un bilan neuropsychologique classique et dans les tâches de génération et d'exécution de script. Les sujets doivent dans la tâche de génération expliquer les étapes nécessaires à la réalisation d'un gâteau au chocolat puis dans la tâche d'exécution le réaliser. Deux grilles de cotation sont proposées : une cotation quantitative et une cotation qualitative. Un score d'anosognosie est calculé. Nous analysons les performances des sujets. Nous vérifions si la tâche d'exécution est plus sensible à un trouble dysexécutif que la tâche de génération. Nous comparons les scores obtenus dans ces évaluations aux performances dans les tests classiques. Résultats Les deux grilles de cotation sont opérationnelles et complémentaires. La grille quantitative est plus sensible à un trouble dysexécutif. Les sujets cérébrolésés se distinguent des sujets témoins et font plus d'erreurs dans la tâche d'exécution. Conclusion Nous soulignons l'intérêt d'évaluer les fonctions exécutives des sujets cérébrolésés dans des tâches de la vie quotidienne et non pas seulement dans des tests psychométriques ou dans des épreuves de génération de script. En effet, la réalisation « écologique » d'une tâche même très simple peut révéler des difficultés des fonctions exécutives telles que la planification ou le séquençage d'actions qui sont sous-évalués dans les tests psychométriques.
Structural and electrochemical (EC) data of five different xLi2MnO3:(1-x)Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode ceramics are presented. The aim of this work is to highlight the nano structure of this material class, next to the choice of right composition, as the key to anomalously high discharge capacities > 250 mAhg−1. Therefore, the pristine nano composite structure of five different samples has been analyzed extensively by transition electron microscopy with respect to Li2MnO3 domain size, shape and dispersion. DIFFaX simulations and Rietveld refinements to synchrotron X-Ray diffraction patterns are used to confirm the TEM results with a statistically reliable bulk method. The EC characteristics of the first cycle have been evaluated with respect to an EC active Li2MnO3 component. By comparing the EC features of materials with x = 0.3, x = 0.5 and x = 0.7, it is evident that a composition of x = 0.5 is the most promising. To point out the impact of the pristine nano structure on the EC performance, three samples with x = 0.5 but considerable different nano domain arrangement, are compared. A strong influence has been found, with the highest discharge capacities for nano composites with small and evenly dispersed Li2MnO3 domains.
Increasing the specific energy, energy density, specific power, energy efficiency and energy retention of electrochemical storage devices are major incentives for the development of all-solid-state batteries. However, a general evaluation of all-solid-state battery performance is often difficult to derive from published reports, mostly due to the interdependence of performance measures, but also due to the lack of a basic reference system. Here, we present all-solid-state batteries reduced to the bare minimum of compounds, containing only a lithium metal anode, β-Li3PS4 solid electrolyte and Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 cathode active material. We use this minimalistic system to benchmark the performance of all-solid-state batteries. In a Ragone-type graph, we compare literature data for thiophosphate-, oxide-, phosphate- and polymer-based all-solid-state batteries with our minimalistic cell. Using fundamental equations for key performance parameters, we identify research targets towards high energy, high power and practical all-solid-state batteries.
It is expected that the market dominance of lithium-ion batteries will continue for at least another decade as there are currently no competing alternatives with the versatility of lithium-ion batteries for powering mobile and portable devices; and for buffering the fluctuating supply of intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar. While the pursuit of higher energy density and higher power density materials constitute the bulk of current interest, there is increasing interest in durable active battery materials that can be produced with minimum environmental impact. It is with these considerations that TiO2- and Sn-based anode materials are most interesting candidates for fulfilling future green energy storage materials. This review will focus on the recent developments of nanostructured TiO2 and Sn-based anode materials, including rutile, anatase, TiO2 (B), and coated TiO2, and pristine SnO2, and SnO2/C, Sn(M)/C composites.
International PM automotive parts manufacturer Federal Mogul is looking for acquisition targets in companies focused on electric vehicle (EV) technology. Federal is interested in supplying electronic components related to vehicle powertrains, electric motors and parts of the infrastructure needed for electric-powered vehicles. CEO Jose Maria Alapont said the company's current exposure to electrification is “not material enough” to disclose. The company is not interested in becoming a battery maker, but would be interested in supplying battery system parts, he added. The Southfield, Michigan-based company earlier this year said it was extending its range of PM materials for bushings and guides designed specifically for use at very high temperatures increasingly found in turbo chargers and exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) components. Turbocharging is already almost universal on diesel engines and will become even more common in gasoline applications as engineers improve fuel consumption and emissions by designing downsized engines that have higher specific outputs. “Operating at high temperatures can be a considerable challenge, particularly because at the very high temperatures experienced – 1050°C as opposed to the current 800°C – no lubrication can be used to reduce friction or wear between moving parts,” said Bob Pratt, sintered products research manager. Federal Mogul has dedicated technical centres at Coventry, UK and Waupun, Wisconsin, USA.
The shuttle effect is a critical issue that prevents practical applications of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries. Here, a bifunctional positive electrode formed by growing layered molybdenum trioxide nanoflakes onto carbon paper is developed to address this issue, which exhibits not only strong binding ability to anchor polysulfides, but also efficient catalytic activity towards polysulfides redox reactions. As a result, the electrode developed in this work enables a lithium-sulfur battery to achieve an initial capacity of 1145 mAh g−1 and a retention capacity of as high as 976 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles with a high coulombic efficiency of 99.54% at 1 C. By contrast, the battery with the pristine carbon paper electrode suffers from a severe capacity decay from the 1st cycle (655 mAh g−1) to the 1000th cycle (256 mAh g−1) with a low coulombic efficiency of 89.4%. More strikingly, even with a higher sulfur loading of 8 mg cm−2, the lithium-sulfur battery with the molybdenum trioxide nanoflakes decorated carbon paper electrode still retains a high specific capacity of 581 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. These great improvements reveal that molybdenum trioxide is a promising electrode material to realize the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries.
The nonstoichiometric LiFePO4/C core–shell composites (as microscale LiFePO4 cores coated with 3–5nm thin carbon shells) are synthesized by a novel solid-state reaction method. All samples show outstanding coulombic efficiency (about 100%) and good battery cyclability, along with high tap density (>1.70gcm−3). On this basis, the electrochemical properties of two different core–shell composites as Li1.02Fe0.99PO4/C and Li0.98Fe1.01PO4/C are compared. The results show that the rate performance of Li1.02Fe0.99PO4/C is obviously better than the rate performance of Li0.98Fe1.01PO4/C.
This paper is directed to assess the potential of renewable energy resources, wind and solar, in Jordan. Long-term measured data of wind speed and solar insolation levels at different locations in the country are used in this study. Statistical and metrological approaches are utilized to obtain the characteristics of both wind speed and solar irradiance. The power potential of the two resources is also evaluated. The results obtained show that Jordan has a great potential of wind and solar in various locations. Therefore, projects deal with practical implementation of wind and solar resources in the country are highly recommended.
Battery state-of-charge (SOC) is a key parameter of the battery management system in the electric vehicle. To predict the practicable capacity of the battery in the degradation process, the cycle life model is built based on the aging cycle tests of the 6Ah Lithium Ion battery. Combined with the cycle life model, a new Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) model is proposed to eliminate the battery degradation’s effect on the SOC estimation accuracy of the original trained model. This proposed model is verified through the 6Ah Lithium Ion battery. First, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and Economic Commission of Europe (ECE) cycles are experimented on the batteries under different temperatures and aging levels. Then, the robustness of the new RBFNN model against different aging levels, temperatures and loading profiles is tested with the datasets of the experiments and compared against the conventional neural network model. The simulations show that the new model can improve the accuracy of the SOC estimation effectively and has a good robustness against varying aging cycles, temperatures and loading profiles. Finally, the measurement of actual aging cycles of the battery in electric vehicles is discussed for the SOC estimation.
In healthy humans, memory for words with emotional valence is better than memory for neutral words. At the same time, the word preceding the emotional word in a word list learning task is remembered less often than other neutral words. Both effects, enhanced memory for emotional words and retrograde amnesia for preceding words, are dependent on intactness of the amygdala. In this study we asked whether patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a disease that often involves the amygdala as well, show altered memory for emotional words and the words presented in close temporal proximity. Whereas we found enhanced memory performance for emotional and decreased recognition performance for the preceding and successive word in our 19 control subjects, both effects were strongly reduced in our 21 patients. No group differences occurred in memory for perceptually deviant words. The lack of emotion effects on memory in the patients cannot simply be attributed to altered perception of emotions as the patients rated the emotionality of the words no different than control subjects. Hence, we conclude that patients with TLE have a specific deficit in the emotion-driven encoding enhancement mediated by the amygdala–hippocampus loop.
Nickel particles with different contents of Ni3S2 surface layer were prepared for their application as cathode materials in Na/NiCl2 batteries. The surface modification of nickel particles is found to prevent their growth and battery degradation during cycling. The optimum level of surface modification was determined by electrochemical tests and morphology characterization. Excessive Ni3S2 layer seems to cause particle aggregation resulting in low reversible capacity. The capacity of the cell with optimum level of Ni3S2 surface modification layer after 50 cycles is about 4 times greater than that without Ni3S2 surface modification layer.
Herein, we are reporting the synthesis of flower - like MoS2, spherical MnO2 and their nanocomposites using versatile hydrothermal approach. The structural and morphological studies of the synthesized samples have been performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have also been carried out to evaluate the thermal stability, elemental composition and functional groups present in the samples, respectively. Surface area and pore size distribution are determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The effect of molar ratio of MnO2 and MoS2 on the electrochemical properties of MnO2@MoS2 nanocomposite has been investigated thoroughly using conventional three electrodes set-up in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte at room temperature. From the experimental results, the synthesized nanocomposite with 3:1 molar ratio of MnO2 and MoS2 exhibits higher BET specific surface area (~133 m2/g), optimum pore size distribution, specific capacitance of 352 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, ~72% capacity retention and ~88% coulombic efficiency after 2000 successive cycles at 3 A g−1 in 2 M KOH. This sample exhibits smaller relaxation time constant (τₒ = 150 ms) and higher diffusion coefficient (Da = 162.99 × 10−10 cm2 s−1). The detail correlation between electrochemical behavior and structural characterization of as synthesized nanocomposites has been described and discussed in this paper.
Aqueous magnesium-ion batteries have shown the desired properties of high safety characteristics, similar electrochemical properties to lithium and low cost for energy storage applications. The micro-sheet morphology of todorokite-type magnesium manganese oxide molecular sieve (Mg-OMS-1) material, which applies as a novel cathode material for magnesium-ion battery, is obtained by the simple hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the particles are confirmed by X-ray power diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of Mg-OMS-1 is researched by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current charge-discharge measurement. Mg-OMS-1 shows a good battery behavior for Mg2+ insertion and deinsertion in the aqueous electrolyte. When discharging at 10mAg−1 in 0.2moldm−3 MgCl2 aqueous electrolyte, the initial discharge capacity reaches 300mAhg−1. The specific capacity retention rate is 83.7% after cycling 300 times at 100mAg−1 in 0.5moldm−3 MgCl2 electrolyte with a columbic efficiency of nearly 100%.