batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this work we synthesized, characterized (electrochemically, morphologically and structurally) and proposed an electropolymerization mechanism to obtain polymer films derived from 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA), 4-aminobenzamide (4-ABZ), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzamide (4-HBZ) to be used as electrochemical transducers applied to the initial development of an immunosensor for dengue. The electropolymerization of these monomers over graphite electrodes (GE) in 0.5M sulfuric acid solution was obtained using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and applying 100 potential cycles at 50mV/s. The characterization of the polymeric films was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All the polymer films obtained showed adsorption on the surface of the GE, and showed electrochemical activity in the potential region of 0.3 to 0.8V. SEM images proved the modification of the graphite electrodes surfaces by the polymeric films with specific morphological characteristics for each polymeric film. FTIR and NMR analysis show the presence of C–O–C bond for the poly(4-HBA) and poly(4-HBZ) suggesting that the polymerization begins through the phenolic hydroxyl group. Similarly, for the poly(ABA) and poly(ABZ) the polymerization occur through the amino group attached to the ring, resulting in C–N–C bond. In all cases, the carboxyl and amide groups were preserved in the polymers. The electropolymerization mechanism and chemical structures of the polymers were proposed, including the oxidized and reduced form of the compounds. Preliminary studies for the rNS1 immobilization performed by physical adsorption were evaluated through the four studied transducers, including analysis of the serum samples human containing positive and negative antibodies to dengue. The poly(4-HBA) and poly(4-ABA) presented greater sensitivity in the recognition of positive targets of the disease with an increase approximate of 65% in the obtained signal with respect to the antigen for both cases.
The accumulation of lithium by microorganisms was examined. Among the 70 strains of the 63 species tested (20 bacteria, 18 actinomycetes, 18 fungi, and 14 yeasts), a high lithium accumulating ability was exhibited by strains of the bacteria, Arthrobacter nicotianae and Brevibacterium helovolum. Lithium accumulation by A. nicotianae cells was strongly affected by the pH of the solution. The amount of accumulated lithium was maximum at pH 6. Cells immobilized with polyacrylamide gel also adsorbed lithium. They could be reused during repeated adsorptions, and adsorbed 548 μmol of lithium/g dry wt. cells. The adsorbed lithium was quantitatively and easily desorbed with 1 M hydrochloric acid using a column system.
Four different fixation configurations of K-wires of two different diameters were used to stabilize a transverse osteotomy in chicken humerus bones. Four-point bending was applied to these to assess their apex dorsal bending rigidity. The configurations of K-wires included intramedullary, crossed and two with different tension wire band designs. One of these consisted of two transverse K-wires which did not cross the fracture line, around which the tension wire band was placed. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between the two different tension band wiring techniques and that both were superior to the intramedullary and crossed K-wire fixation techniques.
Our goal was to identify the specific contribution
of fear of falling (FoF) and falls with quantitative gait impairments and cognition capabilities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Patients were separated into four individual subgroups as to the presence of FoF and falls (i.e., fearless/non-fallers, fearless/fallers, FoF/non-fallers and FoF/fallers). The Falls Efficacy Scale International questionnaire was used to assess the level of concern of falling. Participants were defined as “fallers” and “non-fallers” based on their fall history. Spatio-temporal parameters of gait were analyzed using an electronic mat. Cognitive performance was assessed by a computerized cognitive battery of tests. The study included 540 MS patients, 47% were defined as fallers and 61.9% reported a FoF. Non-significant differences were found between the fearless/non-fallers and fearless/fallers in all clinical, gait and cognitive scores. FoF/non-fallers walked significantly slower compared to fearless MS individuals who had previously fallen. Furthermore, the same patient group exhibited a poorer performance in the motor skills cognitive subdomain. A significant reverse relationship was found between FoF and cognitive motor skills in the fallers and non-fallers groups. FoF characterizes a more disabling symptom than falling in the MS population.
The discharge performance of chemically prepared MnO2 (CMD) and electrolytic MnO2 (EMD) is investigated in various electrolytes. LiPF6, LiCF3SO3, and LiBF4 are used as lithium salts in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME). The size and crystal structure of MnO2 particles is observed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The particle size of CMD is smaller than that of EMD, but the crystal structures of the two materials are similar. The concentration of dissolved manganese ions from CMD and EMD particles is 148 and 23mgl−1 in the same electrolyte, respectively. The interfacial electrochemistry of test cells is analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. The discharge performance is poor in the electrolyte containing LiCF3SO3 salt. The specific discharge capacity of CMD is superior to that of EMD at high discharge rate.
Ubiquitous smart environments and anywhere anytime Internet availability are pushing to the extreme demand for effective and standardized integration solutions in the Future Internet. Standardization efforts of extreme industrial relevance, such as the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), have recently emerged to support session control and interoperability in all-IP next generation networks. At the same time, recent advances in wireless communications have motivated the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for low-cost and easy-deployable environmental monitoring. However, the IMS potential for new classes of ready-to-use, energy-efficient, and highly integrated services, including also WSNs, is still widely unexplored. The paper proposes an original solution to opportunistically use client devices, that roam in geographically sparse environments (such as a smart city), as WSN data harvesters. The primary design guideline is to exploit IMS and the recently released IMS presence service to effectively coordinate harvesters, by saving energy via minimization of unnecessary communications. The reported experimental results point out that our solution, compliant with standards and thus easily deployable, can significantly increase sensor battery lifetime with minimum impact on the freshness of harvested data.
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was used to modify porous electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries. Preliminary studies performed over glassy carbon (GC) electrodes showed that assemblies obtained with MWCNT displayed better mechanical stability than those prepared with other carbon nanoforms. The LbL process involved successive deposition of the polyethylenimine (PEI) and carbon nanotubes dispersed with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The thickness of the MWCNT assembly deposited onto a GC strongly influenced the electrochemistry of VO2 +/VO2+ species. The thicker the film, the better the electrochemical reversibility resulted. An apparent electron transfer rate constant k app of 5 × 10−4 cm s−1 was determined for a glassy carbon electrode modified with one hundred bi-layers and treated at 650 °C in inert atmosphere. The LbL technique was applied to the modification of graphite felt (GF) electrodes. GF electrodes modified with ten bilayers of PEI-PAA(MWCNT) were tested in a vanadium redox flow battery, showing a net decrease in the charge and discharge overpotentials with respect to the unmodified graphite felt. Lower overpotentials for charge-discharge resulted in higher energy and voltage efficiencies for the battery with modified GF electrodes. Furthermore, cyclability of the system was tested and no fading was observed in the battery performance after one hundred cycles.
In this paper we study the influence of the distribution and the shape of the carbon conductive additives on the cyclability of thick silicon based composite electrodes. Results pinpoint the influence of carbon additives is not only to play on the electronic conductivity but also to play on the micromechanics (stress distribution) of the composite films. The lack of correlation between electrochemical performance and the macroscopic electronic conductivity of the pristine electrodes and the observation of repeated drops and jumps in capacity during cycling brought us to make an analogy between the silicon composite electrodes and cohesive granular materials such as fine soils media. Considering the collective mechanical behavior of a stack of silicon particles upon repeated volume variations shed a novel understanding to the electrochemical behavior of composite electrodes based on silicon and alloying materials and tells us how critically important is the design at the different scales (the particle, a few particles, the composite electrode, the cell) to engineer the mechanical stress and strain and improve cycle life.
Rechargeable aqueous metal-ion (such as Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+) batteries are of great importance to enrich safer, cheaper and sustainable electrochemical energy storage technologies. One of the major challenges in developing such batteries is that few electrode material systems are available to achieve prominent, reversible and stable redox reactions in aqueous electrolytes. Here we systematically report that a versatile Bi2O3 electrode material is able to electrochemically store charges in more than ten types of aqueous monovalent, divalent and trivalent metal ion electrolytes. A remarkably high specific capacity (∼357 mA h g−1 at 0.72C), outstanding rate capability (217C; 75000 mA g−1) and good cycle life (>200 cycles) are demonstrated in a neutral mixed Li+ electrolyte. A unique “quasi-conversion reaction” charge storage mechanism that differs from a conventional intercalation-type mechanism is further unveiled (Bi2O3 ↔ Bi0). By pairing with a Li+ intercalation electrode, an aqueous LiMn2O4//Bi2O3 full cell is fabricated, which exhibits stable cycling with a low self-discharge rate and delivers a high energy density of ∼78 W h kg−1, far superior to typical aqueous lithium ion batteries (≤50 W h kg−1). Moreover, even with a relatively high mass loading of 5 mg cm−2 by slurry casting, the Bi2O3 electrode still manifests excellent performance. We anticipate that our work will stimulate the development of diverse electrode materials for aqueous rechargeable batteries.
One of the possible solutions to the world's rapidly increasing energy demand is the development of new photoelectrochemical cells with improved light absorption. This requires development of semiconductor materials which have appropriate bandgaps to absorb a large part of the solar spectrum at the same time as being stable in aqueous environments. Here we demonstrate an efficient, computational screening of relevant oxide and oxynitride materials based on electronic structure calculations resulting in the reduction of a vast space of 5400 different materials to only 15 promising candidates. The screening is based on an efficient and reliable way of calculating semiconductor band gaps. The outcome of the screening includes all already known successful materials of the types investigated plus some new ones which warrant further experimental investigation.
Fundamental aspects and actual developments of selective CO2 capture from relevant sources (flue gas or air) by reversible physisorption are critically reviewed. Thermodynamic as well as kinetic principles of CO2 adsorption in the presence of other gases are linked to current approaches of materials development. Whilst hundreds or even thousands of porous materials have been evaluated for CO2 capture, research in this field is still full of challenges, as for instance a feasible physical adsorbent for CO2 capture for direct capture from air has still not been found. Current attempts towards the optimization of materials in terms of CO2 uptake/selectivity, regenerability, tolerance against water, and cost most often exclude each other. The aim of this article is not to summarize all recent attempts towards tailoring of materials for selective CO2 capture but to discuss the most fundamental aspects of adsorptive CO2 separation in order to illuminate the “sweet spot” to be explored when electronic structure, polarity, and pore size/geometry are rationally balanced and optimized – just like nature does when exerting selective binding of gases.
The direct parallel connection of a high energy Li-ion battery (MP 176065 Integration, Saft SA, France) and a supercapacitor (BCAP0310 P250, Maxwell Technologies Inc., Switzerland) was simulated using an available battery model in MATLAB/Simulink for various ratios of capacitor to battery energy content. The Ragone plots for the different combinations were calculated for constant power and pulsed power discharge, respectively. The Ragone plot of the hybrid device for constant power discharge shows an improved performance with respect to the capacitor in terms of available specific energy and an improved performance with respect to the battery in terms of available specific power. However, the combined device never meets the specific performance of the battery at high specific energy or of the supercapacitor at high specific power. For a pulsed discharge, however, the Ragone plots of the combined device show that the performance extends into an energy–power regime inaccessible to the single devices. The improved performance depends on the duty cycle of the pulse pattern and on the relative energy under each pulse.
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are considered as an alternative energy storage device for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the low cost and earth abundant. Herein, first time we report the hydrothermally synthesized Bacilli rod shape V2O5 and making composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for KIBs which greatly boosting the cycle durability and rate capability. Sheet-like materials (rGO) greatly enhance the performance of energy storage materials due to their high surface area which largely improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics. The heterostructure of V2O5 nanorods anchored on highly conductive rGO matrix not only enhance the reaction kinetics but also offer a more reactive surface area for potassium-ion storage resulting superior cycling stability. The V2O5@rGO exhibits a reversible capacity of 271 mAhg−1 and retains 80% initial discharge capacity after 500 cycles. It shows excellent rate capability and delivers 50 mAhg−1 even at the high current density of 2940 mAg−1 (10C). Ex-situ TEM and XRD analysis confirmed that the rod-shape with sheet like rGO morphology is retained after 500 cycles. The design of nanorod@sheet like architecture becomes a promising cathode candidate for high performance KIBs.
Layered Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 materials with high homogeneity and crystallinity were prepared using high speed ball milling. The Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 electrode delivered a high discharge capacity of 152 mA h g−1 between 2.8 and 4.3 V with excellent cycleability. The TEM analysis showed that the Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 electrode went through a considerable morphological change without altering its initial layered structure while the electrode retained its initial discharge capacity even after 50 cycles.
Objectives This cohort study was conducted to examine patterns of symptom reporting in concussed athletes in two different testing environments. Design A prospective cohort study was conducted with repeated measures. Methods Self-reported symptoms collected by team athletic trainers using the ImPACT Post-Concussion Scale (PCS) were compared to symptoms collected in a confidential setting using structured interviews for depression and anxiety. Ratings were scaled to match scoring of the PCS and categorized into symptom-domains. Scores collected 2 days post-concussion were compared across different rating scales. Confidential self-report scores approximately 9 days post-concussion in cleared athletes were compared to PCS scores collected during return-to-play decisions. Finally, confidential self-report scores collected 9 days post-concussion were compared between cleared and not cleared athletes. Results Athletes self-reported significantly fewer symptoms to team athletic trainers using the ImPACT test compared to self-reported symptoms collected in a confidential setting during the acute phase of concussion using standard psychiatric interviews. Athletes cleared to play continued to underreport symptoms 9 days post-concussion, particularly psychiatric symptoms. Finally, cleared athletes self-reported similar magnitude of symptoms than non-cleared athletes 9 days post-concussion in confidential research setting. Conclusions The systematic underreporting of post-concussion symptoms may represent motivated behavior or differences in self-reporting data acquisition. By underreporting symptoms, many cleared athletes are still symptomatic over 1-week post-concussion. This study highlights the need for objective measures for somatic and psychiatric symptoms.
Battery type hybrid supercapacitors have drawn more attention as a great potential storage device with both excellent rate capability and high energy densities. Herein, we demonstrate a facile hydrothermal method to the preparation of sulfur and phosphorus atoms co-doping into the graphene nanosheet (SPG) using sulphuric acid and phytic acid as dopant. The NbCo precursor could be uniformly dispersed in SPG by formation of coordination bonds with the six phosphate groups of phytic acid. Morphological characteristic indicate that the CoNb2O6 nanoparticles grown directly on three-dimensional SPG framework (CoNb2O6/SPG) through high temperature calcination. As battery-type hybrid supercapacitors equipment, the asymmetric device consisting of CoNb2O6/SPG hybrids and active carbon (AC) delivers remarkable cycling stability (92.5% of the initial after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles) and outstanding rate capability (73.9% retention from 0.5 to 4 A g−1). More remarkably, the above device exhibits an impressive energy density of 39.7 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 2995 Wkg-1. This outstanding performance is mainly ascribed to the large surface area and highly conductive of S and P co-doped 3D graphene architecture, the uniformly distributed and highly exposed CoNb2O6 nanoparticles and the incorporating effects with them.
Effects of Zn and In additions on the aluminum anode for Al-air battery in alkaline solution are examined by the self-corrosion rate, cell voltage, current-voltage characteristics, anodic polarization, discharge performance and AC impedance measurements. The passivation behavior of Zn-added anode during anodic polarization decreases the discharge performance of Al-air battery. The addition of In to Al-Zn anode reduces the formation of Zn passivation film by repeated adsorption and desorption behavior of In ion onto anode surface. The attenuated Zn passive layer by In ion attack leads to the improvement of discharge performance of Al-air battery.
A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of traditional application methods of mosquito repellent plants in the reduction of the human–vector contact of malaria vectors in central Ethiopia. The plants (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ocimum suave and Ocimum basilicum) were tested by thermal expulsion and direct burning on traditional stoves in the field against two important malaria vectors in Ethiopia (Anopheles arabiensis and An. pharoensis). A Latin-square design was applied for randomly assigning the treatment plants and control to experimental houses over different nights. The percentage repellency of each candidate plant by both application methods was estimated from the catches of mosquitoes in the treatment and control houses. On direct burning of the plants, O. basilicum showed the highest percentage repellency (73.11%, P <0.001) and E. camaldulensis the least repellency (65.29%, P <0.001) against An. arabiensis. By the same method of application, C. citriodora on the other hand gave the highest repellency (72.87%, P <0.001) while E. camaldulensis was still the least repellent plant (66.60%, P <0.001) against An. pharoensis. On thermal expulsion, C. citriodora exhibited the highest repellency (78.69%, P <0.001) while E. camaldulensis was the lowest repellent plant (71.91%, P <0.001) against An. arabiensis. Against An. pharoensis, C. citriodora gave the highest repellency (72.9%, P <0.001) while E. camaldulensis still gave the least repellency (72.2%, P <0.001) on the same method of application. All the tested plants by both methods of application gave partial but significant protection (>65%) against the house-entry and biting of two important malaria vectors in Ethiopia, and thus have a potential to be used at least as supplements to other control methods. However, feasibility and actual impact on disease transmission need to be known on these and other potentially useful plants.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems, due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the dissolution of polysulfides to electrolyte and consequent “shuttle effect” still hinder the application of Li-S battery. Here, a polyethylenimine/fish-scale based porous carbon composite (PFPC) with abundant active sites and a relatively compact morphology is prepared by wet impregnation method. Modified separator with the PFPC coating significantly improves the rate capability and cycle stability of Li-S battery. The Li-S battery with the PFPC separator shows a reversible capacity of 638 mAh g−1 after stably cycling for 400 cycles at 1.0 C (1.0 C = 1675 mA g−1) with an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.030% per cycle. The improved electrochemical performance of Li-S battery can be attributed to the synergistic effect of physical blocking and chemical adsorption of PFPC for polysulfides and the fast electron conduction between adsorbed polysulfides and conductive network. Moreover, the PFPC separator is ultralight with a mass loading of about 0.04 mg cm−2. The good electrochemical performance, facile preparation method and light weight make the PFPC separator promising for the Li-S battery application.