batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Experiments including electrical, mechanical and morphological aspects under compression in the range of 0–40% have been carried out on four potential materials for liquid diffusion layer (LDL) of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) (including three widely used carbon felt and one recently utilized metal foam) in order to better understand the influence of the fundamental properties on the battery performance. We experimentally demonstrate that the electrical contact resistance is predominately determined by the clamping force. It is observed that increasing the stress applied on the carbon felt, which is of high interest for the durability of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), has moreover a positive effect on their performance due to the reduced contact resistance. However, a simultaneously reduced porosity is also recorded and possibly detrimental to the mass transport of vanadium electrolyte. Moreover, the intrusion of carbon felts under compression is also characterized. Experimental results show that with the clamping force increases, both the porosity of the carbon felts underneath the rib and channel volume decrease, and this can be mainly attributed to the deformation of the carbon felts and resultant changed of the void volume as well as intrusion.
An optimal system design indirectly implies efficient use of available resources, i.e., minimum investment to achieve the desired outcome. An increased demand of energy storages highlights the importance of efficient use and optimal storage sizing. However, the variety of available and newly developed storage technologies complicates decision-making in choosing the appropriate technology to the compatible application. The characterization of storage types extends to the inherent dynamic behavior and technical limitations, which is imperative for storage system design. This paper proposes a brute-force method of optimal storage system sizing based on the equivalent circuit modeling while considering storage's operation constraints. The sizing routine is applied to a set of different energy storage technologies (lead-acid, Li-ion, vanadium-redox flow battery, double-layer capacitor, flywheel) to balance the energy demand of a single-family building supported by a 3.36 kWpeak photovoltaic system. This case focuses on the energy management application of energy storages. Additionally, a suitability index is introduced to determine the applicability of the investigated storages in reference to an ideal case.
Equations that describe the voltage variations with time of a rechargeable battery during charging and discharging were used to determine the component values of the equivalent circuit of nickel–cadmium batteries under different states of charge (SOC). The equivalent circuit of the battery was described as an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor and the parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor. The battery model used different values of resistance and capacitance, in the parallel combination, during the different phases of the discharge-rest–charge-rest sequence. The results show that the series resistance is approximately constant with variations in the SOC while the resistor in the parallel RC circuit increases as the SOC decreases. For the discharge and charge phases the capacitor value increased and decreased, respectively, as the SOC decreased. The value of the resistor or capacitor in the parallel RC circuit is an indicator of the battery SOC.
Fe2O3/nitrogen-doped graphene composite has been synthesized by one-step hydrothermal strategy. Fe2O3 particles with size about 100–200nm uniformly loaded on nitrogen-doped graphene. Fe2O3/nitrogen-doped graphene composite shows more excellent cycling performance than those of Fe2O3/pristine graphene composite and pure Fe2O3, delivering the reversible capacity of 1012mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, it shows more superior rate capability, which attains 800mAhg−1 at the current density of 800mAg−1. The good electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the small particle size of Fe2O3, the synergistic effect between Fe2O3 particles and nitrogen-doped graphene, and the good electronic conductivity by introducing nitrogen-doped graphene to the composite.
A novel aliphatic quaternary ammonium type ionic liquid, N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DEME–TFSI), is a practical and useful ionic liquid as an electrolyte for electrochemical devices. Its desirable properties include non-flammability, a quite wide potential window (5.4V), and a high ionic conductivity (4.0mScm−1 at 30°C). We attempted to utilize Li-binary ionic liquids composed of LiTFSI and DEME–TFSI as an electrolyte in a lithium deposition and dissolution media. However, although DEME-TFSI had a relatively large potential window among recently reported ionic liquid species, it decomposed on the negative electrode at a positive potential relative to that of the Li/Li+. To provide a solid electrolyte interface that would overcome the reductive decomposition of the electrolyte, we added two kinds of organic solvent to the Li-binary ionic liquids. The selected additives, vinylene carbonate (VC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) effectively prevented the decomposition and improved the reversible lithium deposition/dissolution. To evaluate the potential of these liquids with additives as electrolytes for lithium ion batteries, we prepared demonstration cells composed of a graphite/Li–DEME–TFSI containing 10wt.% of VC/LiCoO2 and investigated its cell performance. This is the first report of our knowledge that a lithium ion cell with an ionic liquid electrolyte performed, in terms of cell performance and cycle durability, at a level of practical utility.
Analysis of cyclic voltammograms of Li insertion into TiO2 (B) and anatase provides information about capacitive contributions to overall charge of Li-storage. The enhancement of 30% is found in capacitive contributions (normalized to the total stored charges) in TiO2 (B) compared to that in anatase, in spite of ca. three times smaller surface area of the former. Different charging mechanism explains facilitated Li+ insertion in TiO2 (B). The difference is caused mainly by pseudocapacitive Li-storage in the bulk TiO2 (B). Deconvolution of cyclic voltammograms also indicates different capacitive contributions of the two voltammetric peaks, S1 and S2 of TiO2 (B). These results provide novel insight into the Li-storage in TiO2 (B) and its difference from that in anatase.
Studies in Western cultures have shown that perfectionism is conceptualized by two-factor higher-order model including perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. However, little is known about the construct of perfectionism in Eastern societies. Thus, we examined the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples.
This article is a review on the thermodynamic and chemical aspects for the recycling of thermoplastics in blends as well as on the way this type of recycling is approached at the industrial level. In the general case, although the techniques of sorting of materials are increasingly elaborated, it can be advantageous to process blends of polymers. Most of polymers are not miscible and many scientific studies showed the interest of chemical compatibilisers for non-miscible blends. Whereas the potential of the mixtures is largely exploited for the ‘first life’ of materials, the concept of mixture seems to become a problem when it comes to recycling. The chemistry of compatibilisers (largely studied in many scientific publications) seems to be far from being sufficiently exploited to improve the properties and to largely diversify the applications of recycled materials.
We examined the biosorption characteristics of cadmium ions onto a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides S and a marine photosynthetic bacterium Rhodovulum sp. PS88 in a batch culture system. Both photosynthetic bacteria are capable of cadmium removal with 30 g/l sodium chloride and divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) in the culture medium. In particular, the strain PS88 hows a high removal ratio and high specific removal rate of cadmium ions from the culture medium under aerobic-dark (heterotrophic) and anaerobic-light (photoheterotrophic) conditions. The adsorption of cadmium onto strains PS88 and S is dependent on the cadmium concentration, and follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. In addition, biosorption isotherms for cadmium show that the strain PS88 exhibits higher values of the empirical constant for the cadmium adsorption capacity, Kr, than that of the strain S under both aerobic-dark (K f=17.44) and anaerobic-light (K f=1.270) conditions.
In this work, we present a simple two-step method to fabricate a series of three-dimensional (3D) interconnected networks of ultrathin mesoporous Ni-Mo oxide nanosheet arrays with enhanced electrochemical properties. The optimized Ni-Mo oxide nanosheets directly grown on Ni foam can deliver a high specific capacitance of 1189F/g at a current density of 1A/g, which is substantially higher than that of pure NiO nanosheets (191F/g at 1A/g). Moreover, the ternary Ni-Mo oxide nanosheets exhibit a good rate capability and remarkable long-term cycling stability (77.7%) over 5000 cycles at 5A/g. Our work suggests that the resulting products prepared by this scalable and cost-effective fabrication process are very suitable and promising as advanced electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.
The use of lithium metal as the anode for Lithium Metal Batteries (LMB) requires having solid or quasi-solid electrolytes able to block dendrites formation during cell cycling. Here we reported on a hybrid electrolyte membrane based on nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia, sintered by means of High Pressure-Field Assisted Sintering Technique (HP-FAST) in order to retain proper nano-porosity, and activated with a standard LiPF6-EC-DMC solution. By a thorough physico-chemical and functional characterization, we demonstrated that the liquid is effectively nano-confined in the ceramic membrane, and the resulting quasi-solid electrolyte is non-flammable. A remarkable conductivity value of 0.91 mS cm−1 was observed at room temperature, with activation energy of 0.2 eV, and cation transference number, t + = 0.55, substantially higher than that of the pure liquid electrolyte. The hybrid electrolyte showed electrochemical stability up to 5.5 V vs. Li+/Li, and excellent resistance to dendrite formation for more than 350 cycles in a Li/electrolyte/Li symmetrical cell. A full cell Li/electrolyte/LiMn2O4 showed more than 90 mAh g−1 at 2C for more than 120 cycles. These very promising results indicated that nano-porous ceramic hybrid electrolytes may be conveniently used in LMB.
In the present paper, an anionic polymer electrolyte (APE) is facilely prepared using the surface-charged latex nanoparticles as the building blocks for the flexible lithium-ion batteries. Driven by the self-assembly of surface-charged latex, the APE demonstrates nanoporous structure, which provides continuous pathway for lithium conduction. The anionic polymer membrane exhibits mechanical flexibility before and after swollen with liquid electrolyte. Performance benefits of the anionic polymer membrane, as compared to commercialized polyethylene (PE) separator, are elucidated in terms of thermal shrinkage, liquid electrolyte wettability, mechanical bendability and open circuit voltage (OCV). Based on comprehensive characterization of the anionic polymer membrane/electrolyte characteristics, feasibility of applying the APE to electrolytes for flexible lithium-ion batteries is explored. The well-developed ion-conductive channel of the APE, in conjunction with stability of the surface-charged nanoparticles during cycling, plays a crucial role in providing excellent in cell performance.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between grit and entrepreneurial intent. Grit involves maintaining effort and interest in the pursuit of long-term goals, despite adversity, stagnation, or failure. Entrepreneurial intentions are a well-established indicator that represents an individual’s conscious determination to start a new business. Secondary variables included the personality traits measured in the Big Five model (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Survey data were collected from over 500 undergraduate students at a Midwestern university in the United States. The results confirmed that there was a strong positive association between grit and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, independent samples t-tests revealed that high grit students showed greater entrepreneurial intent than low grit students. The data also indicated that grit fully mediated the predictive effect of conscientious and neuroticism on entrepreneurial intent. Overall, a better understanding of the influence of grit on entrepreneurial intent, given the presence of various diverse personality constellations, may help inform educators in preparing and delivering course content. The influence of grit may reduce the failure rate of new and young businesses launched by college-educated entrepreneurs.
An active metal that should be considered as an anode material in high energy density batteries is definitely magnesium. It is relatively cheap, much safer to use and handle than lithium, and its compounds are usually non-toxic. Similar to lithium, magnesium is covered by surface films in any ‘inert’ atmosphere that contains atmospheric contaminants, and in most of the relevant electrolyte solutions for batteries. In contrast to lithium where the surface films covering the active metal are Li-ion conductors, surface films formed similarly on magnesium cannot conduct the bivalent Mg2+ ions. We developed new electrolyte solutions based on ethers of the ‘glyme’ family and magnesium aluminates whose electrochemical window is 2.5V wide. The efficiency of Mg deposition–dissolution cycles in these solutions is higher than 99%. We also showed that it is possible to construct rechargeable Mg batteries using these electrolyte solutions and cathodes of the Mg x MoS y type (chevrel phase), which operate at 1–1.5V, and can deliver more than 1000 charge–discharge cycles. Some technical details of these battery systems are discussed.
In this study, nitrogen-doped graphene decorated LiVPO4F cathode material is firstly synthesized via a facile method. Well-dispersed LiVPO4F nanoparticles are embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets, forming an effective conducting network. The added nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets greatly enhance the electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion of LiVPO4F sample. When tested as cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, the hybrid electrode exhibits superior high-rate performance and long-term cycling stability between 3.0 and 4.5 V. It delivers a large discharge capacity of 152.7 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C and shows a capacity retention of 97.8% after 60 cycles. Moreover, a reversible capacity of 90.1 mAhg−1 is maintained even after 500 cycles at a high rate of 20 C. The charge-transfer resistance of LiVPO4F electrode is also reduced in the nitrogen-doped graphene, revealing that its electrode-electrolyte complex reactions take place easily and thus improve the electrochemical performance. The above results provide a facile and effective strategy for the synthesis of LiVPO4F cathode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
The great energy demand for fossil fuels impacts air pollution and water pollution, which significantly influences human life today, and thus efficient utilization of energy has directed a global trend towards a diversified energy portfolio, particularly focusing on energy storage and saving applications. Owing to their special structural characteristics, vanadium oxides have received particular interest for efficient energy utilization, and the search for new kinds of vanadium oxides in the applications of the energy issues has been highlighted in recent years. This review surveys recent advances in tackling energy utilization issues, such as organic electrolyte or aqueous electrolyte lithium-ion batteries (LIB), by the development of vanadium oxide nanostructures, as well as energy-saving applications, via regulating the desired structure and morphology characteristics of vanadium oxides. The nanoarchitectured vanadium oxides with valence state from +3 to +5 all seem ripe for further development for the organic-electrolyte LIB application with improved energy density and cycling performance. In addition, solution-based synthesis gives a facile and inexpensive route to grow and assemble their nanoarchitectures for organic-electrolyte LIB applications. Moreover, although the application of vanadium oxides in aqueous LIB is still in its infant stage, controlling the morphology and structure of vanadium oxides also plays a vital role in the improvement of the aqueous LIB performance. Furthermore, the energy-saving application of vanadium oxides, which arises from the smart switching properties, bring us drastic changes in electrical conductivity and near-IR optical properties for the energy-saving application as the “smart window” coatings. The challenges and ongoing research strategies of the application of vanadium oxides for efficient energy utilization are also discussed in this review article.
Trans-resveratrol is an enormously exploited stilbene exhibiting a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, commercial production to meet the demand and supply is very difficult as it is largely extracted from plants such as Polygonum cuspidatum making it very expensive. In the present study, resveratrol-producing endophytic fungi have been investigated for their in vitro antioxidant, antifungal and anti-staphylococcal activities. All the four fungal endophytes exhibited significant resveratrol production in the range of 31.3–89.1 mg/L in liquid cultures which was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The endophytic isolate #12VVLPM in the present study exhibited strong antioxidant property in case of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, metal ion chelating, Nitric oxide radical and Hydrogen peroxide with IC50 values of 0.11–4.96, 0.28–2.16, 0.12–1.33, 0.08–1.35 and 0.12–1.18 mg/mL, respectively. The maximum inhibition (57.76 ± 0.82%) was exhibited by #12VVLPM against Botrytis cinerea. The present result shows strong correlation between antioxidant activities, anti-staphylococcal as well as antifungal activity.
The National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) have proposed a new Research Framework: Towards a biological definition of Alzheimer’s disease, which uses a three-biomarker construct: Aß-amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration AT(N), to generate a biomarker based definition of Alzheimer’s disease.
The electrocatalysis of graphene–cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) composite towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1M KOH is studied with Co(OH)2/graphene-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode using cyclic and rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry. The electrode is prepared by casting of graphene suspension on GC electrode and subsequent electrodeposition of Co(OH)2 from Co(NO3)2 solution. A characteristic interlaced nanowalls morphology is observed for Co(OH)2 with scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectra demonstrate the microstructure of graphene changes during electrochemical treatment in nitrate solutions, which has a great impact on its catalysis towards ORR. At GC electrode, two reduction processes both attributed to 2-electron reduction are recorded for ORR. The presence of Co(OH)2 on GC electrode results in larger peak current without obvious potential shift due to its good catalytic activity towards the disproportionation of intermediates. Graphene not only increases the peak current and shifts the peak potential in the positive direction, but also leads to further reduction of HO2 − at the second step. After electrochemical treatment in nitrate solutions, graphene is activated to catalyze the disproportionation of HO2 − effectively, and its cooperation with Co(OH)2 enables reduction of O2 to OH− at lower overpotential. Graphene–Co(OH)2 composite is a potential electrode material for air cathodes in alkaline electrolyte electrochemical systems.
The origin of the capacity loss for aluminium negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries has been studied for electrodeposited aluminium nanorod electrodes coated with Al2O3 layers of different thicknesses (i.e. a native oxide layer, 30 and 60 nm) mainly employing pouch cell voltammetric cycling versus metallic lithium. Whereas the capacity decreased continuously during cycling between 0.1 and 3 V vs. Li+/Li, good cycling stability was obtained when the cycling was carried out between 0.1 and 1 V vs. Li+/Li. Since no significant dependence of the cycling stability on the thickness of the alumina layer was found in any of the experiments, the observed loss of capacity is unlikely to have been caused by volume expansion effects. The latter is further supported by the finding that the capacity (obtained when cycling between 0.1 and 3 V vs. Li+/Li) decreased linearly with the inverse of the square root of the cycling time, indicating that the capacity loss was due to the loss of lithium as a result of lithium diffusion into the bulk of the aluminium electrodes. The latter is explained based on a lithium-aluminium alloying and dealloying model which complements previously published models.
Due to the inevitable degradation for lithium-ion batteries, the accuracy of state of charge (SOC) estimation decreases along with battery aging. How to ensure the accuracy of battery SOC estimation during a battery’s lifetime at different operating conditions leaves a big challenge. This work develops a parameter updating method of a simplified first principles-thermal coupling model that has good parameter identifiability and applicability for different operating conditions to ensure the accuracy of the model-based SOC estimation. Because updating all the model parameters offline is time-consuming, this work first conducts a model parameter sensitivity analysis and determines which parameters need to be accurately updated according to their sensitivities. Offline prediction methods are then developed to update the sensitive parameters according to their degradation laws. SOC validations show that the offline prediction methods can ensure the short-term accuracy, but the accuracy will decrease gradually along with the increase of the offline prediction errors of the capacity-related parameters. To address this problem, a multi-time-scale updating method combining the offline prediction and the capacity parameter online estimation is developed. Essential validations are provided to assess the SOC estimation accuracy using different parameter updating methods.
A series of ionic liquids based on N-ethylpiperidinium cations and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion were synthesized and their physical and electrochemical properties including melting point, glass transition temperature, density, viscosity, conductivity, heat capacity, thermal decomposition temperature and electrochemical window were investigated. These ionic liquids exhibited relatively high thermal stabilities, wide electrochemical windows and relatively high conductivities. Methoxy or methyl acetate group was introduced into the alkyl chain of the N-ethylpiperidinium cation, and the effect of such introduction on the properties of the corresponding ionic liquids was investigated. The results show that introducing methoxy group into the alkyl chain of N-ethylpiperidinium considerably increases the fluidity (decreases the viscosity and increases the conductivity) and slightly decreases the thermal and electrochemical stabilities of the corresponding dialkyl substituted ionic liquids. By comparison, replacing the n-butyl side group on the piperidinium cation with methyl acetate group significantly decreases the fluidity and slightly decreases the thermal and electrochemical stabilities of the ionic liquid.