batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A simple and effective method is developed to synthesize bimetal oxide@graphitized carbon nanocomposites composed of graphitized carbons, Ni-Co oxides, and a small amount of Ni and Co metals (denoted as NC x O@G, where x represents Ni/Co mole ratio), by in-situ thermal decomposition of their corresponding coordination polymers. The resultant NC x O@G nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance such as high specific capacity and good cycling stability. Experimental results demonstrate that the Ni/Co mole ratio plays an important role in determining the electrochemical behaviors, and a small amount of Ni and Co metals can boost the performance. A maximum specific capacity of ca. 673.5Cg−1 at current density of 1.2Ag−1, a superior capacity retention (∼105% after 10,000 cycles at 10mVs−1), and a remarkable energy density of 46Whkg−1 with a high power density of 300Wkg−1 can be achieved when the Ni/Co ratio equals to ca. 1.0, signifying that this kind of nanocomposites are potential candidates for electrochemical energy storage.
Abstract Energy transmission options are discussed, with heat, electric power or fuel as the carrier of energy. Energy storage and retrieval technologies are surveyed, covering heat capacity, latent heat and chemical transformation stores of heat, and for electricity storage pumped hydro, flywheels, compressed gas stores, battery stores and hydrogen underground stores.
The development of miniaturized and wearable electronics has triggered an urgent demand for microsupercapacitors (MSs) with high performance, reliable safety and flexibility. However, very few studies have examined the operating performance of MSs at temperatures other than room temperature due to the poor temperature tolerance of conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based electrolytes. Herein, a novel class of high-performance flexible MSs has been developed through covering a highly conductive graphene oxide/polyacrylamide (GO-PAA) polyelectrolyte on interdigital microelectrodes of polyimide-tape-supported carbon nanotube/worm-like-structured polyaniline nanofibers patterned by laser direct writing. These polyelectrolyte-based microsupercapacitors (PMSs) show the widest temperature tolerance from −30 °C to 100 °C among all reported MSs, delivering record high areal energy densities and capacitances at −30 °C (7.48 μWh cm−2 and 84.4 mF cm−2) and 100 °C (8.55 μWh cm−2 and 96.2 mF cm−2). In comparison, PMSs possess over seven times higher specific capacitance than MSs based on current PVA/H2SO4 electrolyte at −30 °C and 100 °C. Additionally, PMSs also exhibit high safety, excellent cycling stability (94.2% capacitance retention after 8000 cycles even at −30 °C) as well as superior flexibility.
The need for new and effective treatments for dementia remains indisputably high. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) have proven efficacy as cognitive enhancers based on their positive effects in numerous preclinical studies. Especially the PDE4 subfamily is of interest due to its expression in the hippocampus, the key structure for memory formation. The current study investigates the memory enhancing effects of the clinically approved PDE4-I roflumilast in a test battery including the Verbal Learning Task (VLT) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) recording. This acute study was conducted according to a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 4-way crossover design. Three capsulated dosages of roflumilast HCl (Daxas) and a placebo were administered in four study periods. Administration occurred 1 h before testing to reach maximal plasma concentrations. Memory performance was assessed using a 30 word Verbal Learning Task. The number of words recalled both immediately and after 45 min and 24 h were included as outcome measures. EEG was recorded during the cognitive tasks on the first day. Different event-related potentials (ERPs) were considered with special emphasis on P600, as this peak has been related to word learning. Memory performance was significantly improved after acute administration of 100 μg roflumilast. Specifically, immediate recall performance on the VLT increased 2–3 words, accompanied by an enhanced P600 peak during word presentation at the third learning trial. No side effects typical for PDE4-Is were reported for the lowest and effective dose of 100 μg roflumilast. The current proof-of-concept study shows for the first time the potential of low-dose roflumilast administration as a memory enhancer in humans.
Flame-retardant negative tribo-materials are desirable for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using under harsh conditions, such as thermal power fields and aerospace. The existed negative tribo-materials are mainly polymeric materials, and their high-temperature stability and fire resistance still need to be improved. Herein, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) aerogels (PBOAs) were used as the negative tribo-materials in TENGs. Because of the large porosity and high specific surface area, the resultant TENGs exhibit maximum open circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and charge density of 40 V, 2.9 mA m−2 and 72 μC m−2, respectively. The device can light 36 LED bulbs and charge the capacitor to 10 V within 250 s. The device can also be used as a self-powered, highly sensitive sensor for monitoring human motion and even slight collisions with an impulse of only 3 μN s. PBOA has been paired with aluminum foil to fabricate PBOA/Al TENGs, which exhibit V OC of 32 V, J SC of 1.2 mA m−2 and charge density of 32 μC m−2 at a temperature as high as 350 °C, demonstrating the possibility of application of TENGs in high-temperature environments.
A study that analyzes the effectiveness of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) to meet holistic environmental goals has been performed across the combined electricity and light-duty transportation sectors. PHEV penetration levels are varied from 0 to 60% and base renewable penetration levels are varied from 10 to 45%. Part 1 of the study focuses on CO2 emissions, fuel usage, and the renewable penetration level of individual and combined energy sectors. The effect on grid renewable penetration level depends on two factors: the additional vehicle load demand acting to decrease renewable penetration, and the controllability of vehicle charging acting to reduce curtailment of renewable power. PHEV integration can reduce CO2 emissions and fuel usage and increase the aggregate renewable energy share compared to the no-vehicle case. The benefits of isolated PHEV integration are slightly offset by increased CO2 emissions and fuel usage by the electric grid. Significant benefits are only realized when PHEVs are appropriately deployed in conjunction with renewable energy resources, highlighting important synergies between the electric and light-duty transportation sectors for meeting sustainability goals.
The application and characteristics of hot-pressed, nanocomposite, polyethyleneoxide (PEO)-based electrolyte membranes in all solid-state rechargeable, Li/LiFePO4 polymer cells are presented and discussed. Both electrolyte separators and LiFePO4 composite cathodes were prepared by hot-pressing by a completely dry, solvent-free procedure. The thermal stability of both the PEO membranes and the composite cathodes was investigated. The cells were assembled by the direct lamination of the components, namely a lithium foil anode, the PEO-based electrolyte membrane and the composite LiFePO4 cathode tape. The Li/LiFePO4 polymer cells perform well in terms of specific capacity, charge/discharge efficiency and cycle life. At temperatures above 90°C, the cells are capable of delivering capacities exceeding 100mAh/g, even at moderately high rates. More than 400 cycles were obtained with a charge/discharge efficiency approaching 100%.
Difficulties with low motor competence in childhood and adolescence, such as that seen in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), often persist into adulthood. Identification of DCD at all ages is particularly challenging and problematic because of the diversity of motor symptoms. Many tests of motor proficiency and impairment have been developed for children up to 12 years of age. Whilst identification of DCD is important during childhood, it is of equal importance to identify and monitor the impact of this impairment as an individual grows and develops. Currently there is no test specifically designed to support diagnosis and monitor change in the age range 16–30 years. In this article we review five tests that have been used to assess motor competence among young adults (Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2, McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, Tufts Assessment of Motor Performance and the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment). Key issues relevant to testing motor skills in older populations, such as the inclusion of age appropriate skills, are explored. While the BOT-2 provided the most evidence for valid and reliable measurement of Criterion A of the diagnostic criteria for DCD among this age group, no test adequately evaluated Criterion B. Further evaluation of motor skill assessment among the young adult population is needed.
A total of 12 healthy smokers who reported smoking ≥10 conventional cigarettes per day for at least 5 years took part in the study. Product administration consisted of a first round of 10 puffs, which was followed by an identical second round after a 5 min pause in between rounds. After obtaining a baseline eCO value, this measure was recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min after the first puff of the first round. In contrast to combustible cigarettes, no eCO elevations were observed in the exhaled breath after use of the HTPs under investigation in any of the study participants.
The goal of this study was to investigate the association between tooth wear and salivary measures in a random sample of patients from practices of dentist members of a practice-based research network.
Background Apathy is a common symptom in first episode psychosis (FEP), and is associated with poor functioning. Prevalence and correlates of apathy 10years after the first psychotic episode remain unexplored. Objective The aims of the study were twofold: 1) to examine prevalence and predictors of apathy at 10years, and 2) to examine the relationship between apathy at 10years and concurrent symptoms, functioning and outcome, including subjective quality of life. Methods Three-hundred-and-one patients with FEP were included at baseline, 186 participated in the 10year follow-up. Of these, 178 patients completed the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-S-Apathy). Patients were classified as having apathy (AES-S-Apathy≥27) or not. The relationship between apathy and baseline variables (Demographics, Diagnosis, Duration of Untreated Psychosis), measures of symptomatology (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia), functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, Strauss Carpenter Level of Functioning Scale) and subjective quality of life (Lehman's Quality of Life Interview) were estimated through correlation analyses and blockwise multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Results Nearly 30% of patients met the threshold for being apathetic at follow-up. No baseline variables predicted apathy significantly at 10years. Apathy was found to contribute independently to functioning and subjective quality of life, even when controlling for other significant correlates. Conclusions Apathy is a common symptom in a FEP cohort 10years after illness debut, and its presence relates to impaired functioning and poorer subjective quality of life.
The aim of this study was to develop and conduct preliminary validation of the Perceived Impact of Problem Profile (PIPP). Based on the biopsychosocial model of health and functioning, the PIPP was intended as a generic research and clinical measurement tool to assess the impact and distress of health conditions from the individuals' perspective. The ICF classification system was used to guide the structure of the PIPP with subscales included to assess impact on self-care, mobility, participation, relationships and psychological well-being. While the ICF focuses on the classification of objective health and health related status, the PIPP broadens this focus to address the individuals' subjective experience of their health condition.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique have been employed to monitor the mass changes during potential cycling of sol-gel (SG) formed 50:50 NiCo oxide films in 0.5 M NaOH solutions. The experimentally determined pH dependence, together with the EQCM measurements, have confirmed that charging and discharging of SG NiCo oxide films is accompanied by the injection/expulsion of mobile ions, suggested to be OH− and Na+. Although an unambiguous identification of the species involved in the mass transport within the oxide films cannot be made by CV and EQCM alone, these studies provide a deeper insight into morphological changes of the SG oxide films which occur with time of cycling in alkaline solutions. A model involving water exchange during the redox process of these films is proposed, with water being expelled during oxidation and injected upon reduction. An increased amount of exchanged water with longer cycling times may indicate the early stages of the degradation of SG-formed 50:50 NiCo oxide films.
Abstract This chapter examines scenarios for rapid uptake of new distributed energy resources and energy storage, and explores a hypothesis that adoption of residential “network tariffs” will reduce the distortional effects of volume-based tariffs on residential energy consumption patterns. The modeling methodology examines annual electricity consumption for specific dwelling types in Townsville in Northern Queensland, Australia, using network-based tariffs, feed-in-tariffs and time-of-use rates for solar photovoltaic generation, and battery storage. The analysis demonstrates that electricity consumption could drop by more than 10% in the next decade. The scenario results demonstrate that cost-reflective tariffs can improve network utilization, and potentially put downward pressure on retail prices.
LixNi1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode materials have been synthesized through a facile reduction-ion exchange of P3-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 precursors prepared by solid state (SS), spray dry (SD) and co-precipitation (CP) methods. The influence of precursor synthesis method on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performances of LixNi1/3Mn2/3O2 has been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of LixNi1/3Mn2/3O2 demonstrate that all the samples exhibit similar XRD patterns as those of Lithium-excess layered cathode materials. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and Brunauer-Emment-Teller (BET) results present that the particle size, particle aggregation and surface area changed greatly with the precursor synthesis method. Galvanostatic charge-discharge results show that Li1.41Ni0.32Mn0.66O2+δ cathode prepared from co-precipitation precursor exhibited high first discharge capacity of ca. 270 mAhg−1 with an initial cycle efficiency as high as 98%. The discharge capacity of Li1.41Ni0.32Mn0.66O2+δ cathode after 30 cycles is over 250 mAhg−1 and it can deliver a discharge capacity roughly 210 mAhg−1 at a current density of 500 mAg−1 (2C rate). Also, it was found that Li1.41Ni0.32Mn0.66O2+δ cathode shows enhanced electrochemical performance over the Li2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode with respect to reversible capacity and rate capability.
Sodium titanate nanotube (Na-TNT) sample has been prepared by a hydrothermal method using TiO2 and NaOH as starting materials and then calcined at 400 °C in air. X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption–desorption tests have been employed to characterize its crystal and pore structure. The Na-TNT can be used as the negative electrode for electric energy storage devices using Na+-based organic electrolytes. The charge storage mechanism at the Na-TNT negative electrode has been investigated by electrochemical tests (galvanostatic charge–discharge, cyclic voltammetry, etc.), ex-situ XRD and HRTEM measurements. The electric energy storage devices of Na-TNT/graphite have been constructed and the influence of graphite/Na-TNT mass ratio on their performance has been studied.
Porous hierarchical nanostructures have received wide attention in high-performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs) applications. In this work, we report a simple strategy for the fabrication of porous Co/Co3O4–C core-branch nanowire arrays. By the aid of chemical bath deposition, electro-deposition and annealing process, Co3O4–C nanoflake branch is successfully assembled on the Co core nanowires forming the aligned core-branch nanowires with diameters of about 550 nm. As anode materials for LIBs, the Co/Co3O4–C core-branch nanowire arrays exhibit high reversible capacity, improved cycle stability as well as good rate capability. A specific capacity of 608 mAh g−1 is obtained at 0.5C after 200 cycles, much higher than the unmodified Co3O4 nanoflake arrays (501 mAh g−1 at 0.5C after 200 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical properties are mainly ascribed to the porous core-branch architecture with faster ion/electron transfer path. This newly developed method can be extended to prepare other advanced core-branch nanomaterials for applications in electrochemical and optoelectronic devices.
Baseline Si electrodes were developed and characterized based on Si nanomaterials. Silicon (Si) with a designed nanostructure has attracted much attention as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its high gravimetric specific capacity. Because of a resulted poor tap density of Si from the electrode while using nano-sized Si and also from including other additives like conductive carbon and binder, it is difficult to maintain a high loading of active materials at the anode side in lithium-ion batteries. In this report, we aim to investigate how the thickness of Si-based electrode influences the cycling performance, rate performance and impedance. We also discuss the variation of gravimetric, area and volumetric capacity along with increasing of electrode thickness. It is found that with a thinner electrode of 7 μm the volumetric capacity could reach up to 920 mAh cm−3 but a poor area capacity of 0.7 mAh cm−2, while a thicker one of 33 μm enables to provide a high area capacity up to 1.5 mAh cm−2 and gives a volumetric capacity less than 500 mAh cm−3. A cell operated under 0 °C shows a gravimetric capacity of 2000 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles.
The purpose of this study is to examine olfactory capacity in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), in terms of odor identification and odor threshold and search for possible correlations between odor identification and cognitive flexibility in this population.
We describe here a sensitive sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence DNA biosensor based on a polyaniline–nanogold (PANI–AuNPs) modified platform with tris(2,2-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate ([Ru(bpy)3]2+)–nanoporous gold (Ru–NPG) composite as a label. The PANI was obtained by electropolymerization of aniline on the surface of indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated by the reaction of PANI. The fabricated AuNPs were further grown to a larger size in HAuCl4 solution and the capture DNA was fastened onto the ITO glass on the basis of the interaction with AuNPs. NPG was prepared by a selective dissolution of silver from silver–gold alloy in nitric acid, which provided free-standing noble metal membranes with controllable three-dimensional porosity to immobilize more [Ru(bpy)3]2+. On the basis of a sandwich-type hybridization reaction, the Ru–PANI labeled reporter DNA was captured by the target DNA. The as-proposed DNA biosensor enables target DNA concentrations to be determined in the 0.05–1,000 fM concentration range, with a detection limit of 0.01 fM.
A novel Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs)/exfoliated graphite (EG) composite has been prepared through a stirring-assistant hydrothermal route and a subsequent post-anneal treatment. Results of microstructure characterizations of XRD, FE-SEM and HR-TEM analyses indicate that high-crystallized Co3O4-NPs with a dimension of ∼5nm are homogenously anchored on the nanosheets of EG in the form of tiny agglomerates of ∼20nm. Restack and shrinkage of the edge regions of EG are distinctly observed after suffering from the hydrothermal process, which exerts a positive influence over the decay-free cycling ability of the Co3O4-NPs/EG electrode. The reversible capacity increases with cycling, and reaches 1183 mAhg−1 (94th cycle) at 100 mAg−1 and 739 mAhg−1 (100th cycle) at 1000 mAg−1. After suffering from 800 cycles at 2000 mAg−1 and resetting to 100 mAg−1, the charge capacity recovers to as high as 1225 mAhg−1 immediately, and stabilizes in the following cycles. The decay-free cycling performances and good rate capability are ascribed to the favorable synergistic effect between Co3O4-NPs and the robust/conductive skeleton of EG. In addition, an exceeded capacity which much surpasses the calculated theoretical value is achieved, further proving the good synergistic enhancement due to the high-effective integration between Co3O4-NPs and EG.
Little is known about the induction of humoral responses directed against human autoantigens during acute inflammation. We utilized a highly sensitive antibody profiling technology to study autoantibodies in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe sepsis, conditions characterized by intensive immune activation leading to multiple organ dysfunction.
ABSTRACT Innovative ionic liquids (ILs) can be prepared by properly combining pure ILs, thus obtaining materials with improved characteristics. For instance, three different mixture families, namely PYR11TFSI-PYR14TFSI, PYR11TFSI-PYR18TFSI and PYR14TFSI-PYR18TFSI, were prepared and investigated in terms of thermal behavior, ionic conductivity and ion self-diffusion coefficient as a function of the mole composition. The physicochemical properties, including mechanical consistency, of these mixed ionic liquids were found to be enhanced and/or finely tuned by properly varying the aliphatic chain length and/or the mole ratio of the pyrrolidinium cations. This issue might be profitably exploited to match the electrolyte requirements of electrochemical devices operating under particular or hard conditions, not always achievable by single materials.
A model is presented which allows simulation of vegetation–atmosphere CO2 and energy exchange of multi-component, multi-species canopies, explicitly taking into account the structural and functional properties of the various components and species. The model is parameterised for a meadow and an abandoned area at the ECOMONT study area Monte Bondone (1500m a.s.l., Trento/Italy). A series of sensitivity tests showed the model to be sensitive to vegetation optical and physiological properties, but not to soil optical properties, dwarf shrub bole respiration parameters and phytoelement inclination and width. Validation of canopy CO2 and energy exchange rates against the respective fluxes measured by the means of the Bowen-ratio-energy-balance method yields broadly satisfactory results. Though it proves difficult to validate canopy latent and sensible heat flux, due to the fact that the vegetation–atmosphere-transfer model does not include contributions by the soil, whereas measured fluxes do, indicating both the need for further model development as well as experimental studies. Finally, the model is used to test for the effects of simplifications in input data likely to occur when being applied at larger spatial and/or temporal scales.