batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Introduction Angiogenin is a member of the ribonuclease superfamily and promotes degradation of the basement membrane and the extracellular matrix. After stroke in type one diabetes (T1DM) rats, Angiogenin is significantly increased and the Angiogenin is inversely correlated with functional outcome. Neamine, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, blocks nuclear translocation of Angiogenin, thereby abolishing the biological activity of Angiogenin. In this study, we therefore investigated the effect and underlying protective mechanisms of Neamine treatment of stroke in T1DM. Methods T1DM was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (60mg/kg, ip), and T1DM rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Neamine (10mg/kg ip) was administered at 2, 24 and 48h after the induction of embolic MCAo. A battery of functional outcome tests was performed. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and lesion volume were evaluated and immunostaining, and Western blot were performed. Results Neamine treatment of stroke in T1DM rats significantly decreased BBB leakage and lesion volume as well as improved functional outcome compared to T1DM-control. Neamine also significantly decreased apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 in the ischemic brain. Using immunostaining, we found that Neamine treatment significantly decreased nuclear Angiogenin, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activity, advanced glycation endproducts receptor (RAGE) number, the positive area of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and increased Angeopoietin-1 expression compared to T1DM-MCAo control rats. Western blot results are consistent with the immunostaining. Conclusion Neamine treatment of stroke is neuroprotective in T1DM rats. Inhibition of neuroinflammatory factor expression and decrease of BBB leakage may contribute to Neamine-induced neuroprotective effects after stroke in T1DM rats.
The thermal degradation of the electrolyte solvents of a Li-ion battery in an inert atmosphere was carried out using an assembly that allowed the quantification of the degradation products. The study of the vapour pressures and DSC showed that, in an inert and confined medium, the linear solvents, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), become degraded at lower temperatures than those of cyclic solvents: ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC). Therefore, they were the ones that were studied under the following operating conditions: initial temperatures of 180 °C, 240 °C and 300 °C for three periods of 30 min, 60 min and 2 h. The thermal decomposition of DMC and EMC was observed under all of the conditions studied. This decomposition is maximum at a temperature of 300 °C and for a pyrolysis duration of 2 h. The species resulting from the pyrolysis of the DMC and EMC in the gas phase correspond to those identified during the global overcharge tests on a study cell containing these two solvents (excluding fluorinated species). The greatest similarity was observed for degradations carried out at 300 °C, whatever the duration. Thus, this study shows the important role of the thermal degradation of volatile solvents.
A binary transition metal oxides MnCo2O4 with hierarchical porous sphere structure (MnCo2O4 PSs) electrode material for supercapacitor was prepared by a moderate methanol solvothermal and calcination method. The MnCo2O4 PSs presents a large specific surface area (213.2 m2 g−1). Hierarchical porous sphere is beneficial for forming conductive networks and furnishing more electrochemically active sites. Amazingly, the MnCo2O4 PSs exhibits brilliant electrochemical properties that a relatively high specific capacitance of 1044 F g−1 and remarkable cycling stability (133.3% retention after 10000 cycles) are owned. A mimetic asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was constructed by the MnCo2O4 PSs and the starch-derived carbon foam material (SCF) as positive and negative electrode, respectively. The MnCo2O4 PSs//SCF ASC shows excellent specific energy (42.27 Wh kg−1) at the specific power of 400 W kg−1 under the optimal output potential difference of 1.6 V and long-term cycling stability. Herein, the MnCo2O4 PSs electrode material prepared in this work is a distinguished candidate material for supercapacitor.
Electrochemical and thermal properties of pristine and ZrF x -coated Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathode materials are compared. The hydrothermal method is introduced for the fabrication of a uniform coating layer. The formation of a compact coating layer on the surface of pristine powder is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From TEM–EDS and XPS analysis, it is inferred that the coating layer is ZrO x F y (zirconium oxyfluoride) form. The coated Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 electrodes have better rate capability and cyclic performance at high temperature compared with the pristine electrode. The thermal stability of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 electrode is also enhanced by the ZrF x coating. Such enhancements are due to the presence of a stable coating layer, which effectively suppresses the chemical instability ascribed to surface reaction between electrode and electrolyte.
Novel methods based on hyphenated analytical techniques for the analysis of LiPF6 commercially available battery electrolytes are presented. PF6 − and the formed main decomposition products F−, PO2F2 − and HPO3F− were separated by ion chromatography (IC) and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) on the phosphorous trace supported the results obtained by ESI-MS. Samples, which were stored at room temperature and at 5 °C, were analyzed several times over a period of two weeks to demonstrate the progress of the hydrolysis of LiPF6 in aqueous solution and commercially available electrolyte (EC/DEC (3:7 w/w) 1 M LiPF6). Subsequently, the same commercially available electrolyte system was analyzed to prove the usefulness of the proposed method to investigate the influence of the thermal aging in lithium-ion batteries.
The reversibility and stability of Li2S electrode can be improved by carbon coating on nano sized Li2S. However, how to uniformly coat a dense layer of carbon on nano sized Li2S is still challenge so far. Here, we utilized a novel flowable ionic liquid (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide) as a carbon precursor to uniformly coat a dense carbon on Li2S nano-clusters. The carbon coated nano-Li2S cathode displays not only much high active material utilization (826mAh/g at 0.1C) due to short lithium ion diffusion distance and low charge transfer resistance, but also long cycling stability (82% of capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C) with near 100% Coulombic efficiency due to encapsulation of the lithium polysulfide within the carbon cage.
Lanthanum-doped LiCoO2 composite cathode materials, containing 0.1–10mol% of La were synthesized by citric acid aided combustion technique. Thermal analyses showed that the sharp decomposition reaction for pristine LiCoO2 became sluggish upon addition of lanthanum. X-ray diffraction analyses of the composites revealed existence of minute quantities of lanthanum-rich perovskite phases—rhombohedral LaCoO3 ( R 3 ¯ ) and tetragonal La2Li0.5Co0.5O4 (14/mmm), along with rhombohedral LiCoO2 ( R 3 ¯ m ) . Electron microscopy showed a distinct grain growth with increasing La content. An increase of about two orders of magnitude in the electrical conductivity (1.09×10−3 Scm−1) was observed for 1.0mol% La-doped LiCoO2. An excellent cycling performance with capacity retention by a factor of ∼10 in comparison to the pristine LiCoO2 was observed for the composite cathode containing 5.0mol% La, when 2032 type coin cells were cycled at 5C rate. This has been ascribed to the structural stability induced by La doping and presence of the ion-conducting phase La2Li0.5Co0.5O4 which acts as a solid electrolyte for Li+ ions. A negligible growth of impedance upon repeated cycling has been observed. Cyclic voltammetry showed a remarkable improvement in reversibility and stability of the La-doped electrodes. These composite cathodes might be very useful for high rate power applications.
We report a similar social cognitive profile between patients with prefrontal lobe lesions and schizophrenic subjects in terms of understanding of false beliefs, in understanding social situations and in using tactical strategies. These findings are relevant for the functional anatomy of “Theory of Mind”.
This research explores the techno-economic potential for a predominantly renewable electricity-based microgrid serving an industrial-sized drink water plant in the Netherlands. Grid-connected and stand-alone microgrid scenarios were modeled, utilizing measured wind speed and solar irradiation data, real time manufacturer data for technology components, and a bottom-up approach to model a flexible demand from demand response. The modeled results show that there is a very high potential for renewable electricity at the site, which can make this drink water treatment plant’s electricity consumption between 70% and 96% self-sufficient with renewable electricity from solar PV and wind power production. The results show that wind production potential is very high onsite and can meet 82% of onsite demand without adding solar PV. However, PV production potential is also substantial and provides a more balanced supply which can supply electricity at times when wind production is insufficient. Due to the supplemental supply over different parts of the day, adding solar PV also increases the benefits gained from the demand response strategy. Therefore, a solar–wind system combination is recommended over a wind only system. A 100% renewable system would require extremely large battery storage, which is not currently cost effective. Ultimately, even at the low wholesale electricity and sell-back price for large electricity consumers, grid-connection and the ability to trade excess electricity is extremely important for the cost-effectiveness of a microgrid system.
This paper presents a simple, inexpensive, and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on new polymeric membrane incorporating kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) as a specific sensitive molecule deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode for the detection of cadmium in water. The electrochemical characterization was examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Additive effect and selectivity for cadmium over many common cations, such as copper, lead, and zinc, at pH 4.5 are studied. We showed that the cadmium selectivity is better for membrane based on potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) with a significant decrease of the Rct and an increase in constant phase element CPE, the sensor exhibits a LOD of 3.96 × 10–10 M with a linear response towards cadmium ions over a wide concentration range of 10–6 to 10–9 M. Finally, the proposed sensor was applied to the determination of cadmium in water and can be proposed to use successfully in real water samples.
Nickel hydroxide is used as an active material in positive electrodes of rechargeable alkaline batteries. The capacity of nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) batteries depends on the specific capacity of the positive electrode and utilization of the active material because of the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH electrode capacity limitation. The practical capacity of the positive nickel electrode depends on the efficiency of the conductive network connecting the Ni(OH)2 particle with the current collector. As β-Ni(OH)2 is a kind of semiconductor, the additives are necessary to improve the conductivity between the active material and the current collector. In this study the effect of adding different carbon materials (flake graphite, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT)) on the electrochemical performance of pasted nickel–foam electrode was established. A method of production of MWNT special type of catalysts had an influence on the performance of the nickel electrodes. The electrochemical tests showed that the electrode with added MWNT (110–170nm diameter) exhibited better electrochemical properties in the chargeability, specific discharge capacity, active material utilization, discharge voltage and cycling stability. The nickel electrodes with MWNT addition (110–170nm diameter) have exhibited a specific capacity close to 280mAhg−1 of Ni(OH)2, and the degree of active material utilization was ∼96%.
Insufficient electronic/ionic conductivities and structural deformations upon sodiation/desodiation of layered Na2Ti3O7 severely hinder its full application in sodium-ion batteries. Na2Ti3O7 nanowires with TiO2 and N-doped carbon dual-shells are synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis to construct conductive interpenetration network anode for efficient sodium storage. The Na2Ti3O7-based interpenetrating network is sequentially subjected to controllable H+-Na+ ion exchange, dopamine/pyrrole modification, and thermal treatment to form the Na2Ti3O7@TiO2@N-doped carbon nanowires. Because of the rigid TiO2 shell to protect the Na2Ti3O7 core, the nitrogen-doped carbon shell with high specific surface area to enhance the conductivity, and the interpenetrating network to provide direct and fast diffusion pathways, the resultant NTO@TiO2@N-doped carbon electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performances. Even at a high current density of 80 C (1 C = 177 mA g−1), the reversible capacity of the electrode is up to 78.3 mA h g−1, 6.6 times that of bare Na2Ti3O7 electrode. Further kinetic analyses of the CV curves at various scan rates reveal that the pseudocapacitive process contributes as high as 88.4% of the total capacity at the high scan rate of 10 mV s−1.
The purpose of the current research is to examine the factors that influence household use of determinants of renewable and clean energy sources used for lighting purposes in Africa using the data from the Living Standard Measurement Study (LSMS) from three African countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Malawi. For this purpose, the paper uses multinomial logit and ordered probit econometrics models. The descriptive analysis reveals that rural households are dependent largely on kerosene and batteries for lighting their houses, while electricity and batteries form a major source of energy for lighting urban households. A small fraction of households uses solid fuels and solar as their source of energy for lighting. Econometric results show that female-headed households are likely to adopt clean and renewable sources of energy compared to male-headed households. Wealthier and more educated households are found to use electricity and solar energy for lighting, while poorer households tend to use kerosene, batteries, and solid fuels. Empirical results indicated that the Ethiopian households, followed by Malawian households, are more likely to use clean sources of energy compared to Tanzanian households.
Co-doped Li4Ti5O12 (LCTO) anode material for lithium-ion battery was synthesized via a mechanic ball-milling activation and high temperature solid state reaction using CoCO3, TiO2 and Li2CO3 as raw material. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of LCTO sample are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic morphology (SEM), galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The LCTO is well crystallized as a spinel structure without any detectable impurity phase with the doping of Co. Thus, LCTO exhibits improving cycling stability and rate capability as anode material for lithium ion batteries, which delivered the initial specific capacity of 250, 222, 188, 180, 149 and 118mAhg−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0C rate in the voltage range of 0.5–3.0V respectively, and discharge capacity of 200mAhg−1 after 100cycles at 0.1C. EIS results further show that the main reason for the improved electrochemical performance of LCTO is its reduced electrochemical impedance, which mainly due to the Co-doped modification leads to O vacancies then results in increase amount of embedded lithium in LCTO materials.
Tin phosphide (Sn4P3) nanoparticles with different sizes are synthesized via a facile solvothermal method at 180 °C for 10 h. The as-prepared Sn4P3 nanoparticles have an average size of about 15 nm. Meanwhile, their size could be easily controlled by the solvent ratio. The long cycle stability and rate performance of the as-obtained Sn4P3 nanoparticles have been tested as an anode material for lithium ion batteries for the first time. Electrochemical measurements show that the Sn4P3 nanoparticles with a smallest size give the best cycling and rate performances. They deliver a discharge capacity of 612 mAh g−1 after 10 cycles and could still maintain 442 mAh g−1 after 320 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1 within voltage limit of 0.01–3.0 V. Even after 200 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1, the specific capacity still could be remained at 315 mAh g−1. The improved electrochemical performances of Sn4P3 electrode might be largely attributed to their small-size. Furthermore, the as-prepared Sn4P3 nanoparticles have also been tested as an anode material for Na-ion batteries, this Sn4P3 anode can deliver a reversible capacity of 305 mAh g−1 after 10 cycles at the current density of 50 mA g−1.
Aim of the study Literature reports indicate that psychopathological aspects may affect the progress of weight loss. Aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of personality dimensions as predictors of success after bariatric surgery.
We analyze the effects of mechanical stresses arising in a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) on the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte component of a lithium ion battery. The SPE is modeled with a coupled ionic conduction-deformation model that allows to investigate the effect of mechanical stresses induced by the redistribution of ions. The analytical solution is determined for a uniform planar cell operating under galvanostatic conditions with and without externally induced deformations. The roles of the polymer stiffness, internally-induced stresses, and thickness of the SPE layer are investigated. The results show that the predictions of the coupled model can strongly deviate from those obtained with an electrochemical model—up to +38% in terms of electrostatic potential difference across the electrolyte layer—depending on the combination of material properties and geometrical features. The predicted stress level in the SPE is considerable as it exceeds the threshold experimentally detected for irreversible deformation or fracture to occur in cells not subjected to external loading. We show that stresses induced by external solicitations can reduce the concentration gradient of ions across the electrolyte thickness and prevent salt depletion at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
We previously reported early tissue injury, increased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines and decreased grip in young rats performing a moderate demand repetitive task. The tissue cytokine response was transient, the serum response and decreased grip were still evident by 8 weeks. Thus, here, we examined their levels at 12 weeks in young rats. Since aging is known to enhance serum cytokine levels, we also examined aged rats.
TiO2 nanoparticulates of well-defined size were synthesized using amino acid templates employing sol–gel method. Eight different amino acids were studied. The samples were characterized by various methods such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement, and transmission electron microscopy. Of the amino acids used, catalyst employing aspartic acid was found to have minimum particle size of 10.4 nm and maximum surface area of 95.3 m2/g. The catalytic activity of the prepared TiO2 samples was compared with Degussa-P25 catalyst for direct sunlight photodegradation of methylene blue and calmagite dyes. Catalyst prepared form branched amino acids, proline, valine, and aspartic acids, were found to give better results. Based on infrared spectroscopy studies, it is proposed that amino acids act as a surfactant by hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen of the ammonium ion and the surface hydroxyl group of the colloid.
This paper evaluates proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell microchannel width and depths ranging from 20μm to 1000μm. A DRIE process is employed to create the serpentine microflow field patterns from silicon wafers for channel width and depths ranging from 20μm to 200μm. To compare the smaller microchannel dimensions with conventional dimensions, computer numerical control (CNC) machining was used to create the 500μm and 1000μm flow field channel dimensions in delrin. All of the plates were coated with gold to prevent corrosion and to improve conductivity. Two air-breathing 2.54cm×2.54cm×1.47cm fuel cell stacks were designed and assembled for this research. The same membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with an active area of 1cm2 was tested with all of the silicon flow field plates with microchannels. The fuel cell performed well with the 20-μm width and depth flow channels (maximum power density of 65Wcm−2 or a maximum of 170mAcm−2 at 0.2V), although all of the I–V tests yielded good results for room temperature, air-breathing fuel cells. Microchannels with widths and depths from 100μm to 20μm look promising for new high-current density microelectro mechanical (MEMS) fuel cell designs.
Owing to the high energy density, high security and low price, rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are promising candidate for the next generation of high-performance batteries. However, the development of cathode materials for RMBs is hindered by the intensive polarization of Mg2+, which tends to destroy the stability of crystal structure and results in the degradation of batteries. Pre-intercalating the different alkali ions in crystal structure is an effective strategy to improve the layered structure stability and electrochemical performance of materials. Herein, the alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+) pre-intercalation is presented to improve the structure stability of layered vanadium oxide (A-V3O8) for Mg2+ storage. From the result, the cycling performance of cathode is promoted with the pre-intercalation radius increase. To explain the optimizing principle, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculation to simulate the interaction effect between pre-intercalated cation and layered structure. Among intercalation compounds A-V3O8 (A = Li, Na, K), the electrochemical performance of Na+ pre-intercalated materials (NaV3O8) is better than the most of cathode materials for RMBs. Besides, the reaction mechanism of NaV3O8 is demonstrated. This work confirms that the pre-intercalation of appropriate alkali cation is an efficient strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials for RMBs.
The technique described in this paper balances the power and energy withdrawn from a battery in galvanostatic discharge control that aims for stabilisation of the electrolyte concentration above the depletion level. This aim is achieved with relatively simple proportional feedback controls that are exponentially stabilising controls for a simple diffusion process that is the core part of battery processes. Although the full mapping of the proposed controls to state is rather complex, it has shown that the transformation works. In practice, these controls can be approximated either with the integrated past controls or with a simple exponential function that depends on a few parameters adjusted to the electrochemical processes in a battery under consideration. The battery control is tested in simulation on a detailed model developed for a lead-acid electrochemical cell.
Bariatric surgery candidates exhibit cognitive impairment on neuropsychological testing and these deficits are associated with reduced post-operative weight loss. However, less is known about the prevalence of cognitive function in older adults that pursue surgery, despite being at higher risk for cognitive dysfunction.