batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The hysteresis of the open-circuit voltage as a function of the state-of-charge in a 20Ah lithium-iron-phosphate battery is investigated starting from pulsed-current experiments at a fixed temperature and ageing state, in order to derive a model that may reproduce well the battery behaviour. The hysteretic behaviour is modelled with the classical Preisach model used in magnetic materials. The paper shows that the Preisach model can successfully be applied to the lithium-ion battery hysteresis. First, the model is discretised by using the Everett function and identified by means of experiments, in which first-order reversal branches are measured. Then, the model is simulated and compared to some experimental data collected with different current profiles and to a one-state variable model previously used in the literature. The results show that the hysteresis is well reproduced with rms errors around 2%. The advantages of the Preisach-based method, when compared to other models, are the formal and repeatable identification procedure and the limited computational resources needed for the model simulation that makes it appropriate for the online implementation on low-complexity hardware platforms.
In an endeavor to improve the thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a new kind of ceramic coated separator has been developed based on introducing one-dimensional silica tubes (ST) to one side of a commercial polyethylene (PE) porous separator. The ST interpenetrating network diminishes the thermal-induced dimensional change of the commercial separator without compromising the cell performance. In particular, compared to spherical silica particle (SP) coated separator, the ST coated separator exhibits significantly enhanced thermal stability at elevated temperature. Furthermore the ST coated separator shows better mechanical performance as well as the improved electrolyte absorption and retention behavior, which provides a promising solution to replace conventional polymer separator for high-performance LIBs.
The rapidly enhancing sensing capabilities of smartphones are enabling the development of a wide range of innovative mobile sensing applications that are impacting on everyday life of mobile users. However, supporting long-term sensing applications is challenging because of their key requirements for continuous access to embedded sensors for gathering raw data, which can deplete the device’s battery in a few hours. This problem is expected to remain in the near future because the improvements on the capacity of batteries are coming at a slower pace than those advances in computing and sensing capabilities. The research community has highlighted the need for power-aware and context-aware sensing techniques deployed at different levels of mobile platforms for making a more efficient use of energy resources. Previous studies have analyzed the optimization of power consumption in mobile devices over different critical axes, like data transmission, computing, and hardware design. However, a comprehensive study focused in the challenges of power-aware smartphone-based sensing and strategies for addressing them has not been produced yet. This survey aims to fill this void with a particular focus on mobility sensing systems (e.g., human activity recognition, location-based services), presenting a comprehensive review of relevant strategies aimed at solving this issue. Also, this survey defines a taxonomy for such solutions, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Finally, most relevant open challenges and trends are discussed for providing insights for future research in the field.
A critical overview of the latest developments in the lithium ion batteries technology is reported. We first describe the evolution in the electrolyte area with particular attention to ionic liquids, discussing the expected application of these room temperature molten salts and listing the issues that still prevent their practical implementation. The attention is then focused on the electrode materials presently considered the most promising for enhancing the energy density of the batteries. At the anode side a discussion is provided on the status of development of high capacity tin and silicon lithium alloys. We show that the morphology that is the most likely to ensure commercial exploitation of these alloy electrodes is that involving carbon-based nanocomposites. We finally touch on super-high-capacity batteries, discussing the key cases of lithium-sulfur and lithium-air and attempting to forecast their chances to eventually reach the status of practically appealing energy storage systems. We conclude with a brief reflection on the amount of lithium reserves in view of its large use in the case of global conversion from gasoline-powered cars to hybrid and electric cars.
A spray-drying method has been developed to synthesize a molecularly mixed precursor from which ultrafine LiCoO2 powder is prepared by sintering in a short time. Measurements of DTA/TGA, IR, XRD, SEM and reversible capacity are performed to characterize the properties of the prepared materials. The obtained powder is HT-LiCoO2 with an α-NaFeO2 structure. It is homogeneous with a grain size in the order of hundreds of nanometers. The electrochemical properties are good, viz., an initial charge capacity of 148 mA h g−1, a discharge capacity of 135 mA h g−1, and satisfactory cycle-life. The commercial prospects of this novel technique are promising.
In order to improve the stability and kinetics of organic materials for lithium batteries, composites between a quinone derivative of calyx[4]arene and carbon black were prepared. Two different approaches were used, the first relying on covalent grafting and the second on electrochemical grafting of the quinone derivatives on the carbon black support. The properties of prepared composites were investigated using XRD, FTIR, TGA and NMR, while their electrochemical stability was studied using classical galvanostatical cycling. It was found that the efficiency of the electrochemical stabilisation of organic molecules depends on the surface properties of the substrate. Interestingly, within the same compositional range, the covalently and electrochemically grafted quinone derivatives of calyx[4]arene showed similar cycling stability. Composites with approximately 20wt.% of active organic material showed excellent cycling stability within 100 cycles with a delivered capacity of about 60 mAhg−1 of composite (more than 300mAhg−1 per quinone).
Assessing physical reserve in older cancer patients before treatment decision-making remains challenging. The maintenance of physical independence during therapy is sometimes just as important for these patients as oncological outcomes. Recently, sarcopenia has been recognized as a possible important prognostic factor for outcome in cancer patients. We investigated the association between different levels of sarcopenia and the decline of physical independence during chemotherapy in older cancer patients (≥ 65 years).
Recently, we reported a simple method for obtaining nanosized silicon with promising electrochemical properties as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries; the method involves the formation of a composite electrode with cellulose fibers. It is demonstrated that the performance of these electrodes can be enhanced by the addition of conductive carbon black (CCB). This beneficial effect is not only a result of the improvement of electrical conductivity and inter-particle contacts, but also due to a reduction of the expansion and shrinkage undergone by the electrode when Li is inserted into Si or extracted from Li x Si, as revealed by in situ electrochemical dilatometry measurements. The best results were obtained with a CCB of high surface area and porosity. The Si/cellulose fiber/carbon electrodes obtained delivered charge capacities as high as 1800mAhg−1 and exhibited good capacity retention on cycling. These electrodes also exhibited lower expansion/shrinkage compared to carbon-free electrodes on discharging and charging the cell, respectively.
Different approaches to enhancement of electrocatalytic activity of noble metal nanoparticles during oxidation of small organic molecules (namely potential fuels for low-temperature fuel cells such as methanol, ethanol and formic acid) are described. A physical approach to the increase of activity of catalytic nanoparticles (e.g. platinum or palladium) involves nanostructuring to obtain highly dispersed systems of high surface area. Recently, the feasibility of enhancing activity of noble metal systems through the formation of bimetallic (e.g. PtRu, PtSn, and PdAu) or even more complex (e.g. PtRuW, PtRuSn) alloys has been demonstrated. In addition to possible changes in the electronic properties of alloys, specific interactions between metals as well as chemical reactivity of the added components have been postulated. We address and emphasize here the possibility of utilization of noble metal and alloyed nanoparticles supported on robust but reactive high surface area metal oxides (e.g. WO3, MoO3, TiO2, ZrO2, V2O5, and CeO2) in oxidative electrocatalysis. This paper concerns the way in which certain inorganic oxides and oxo species can act effectively as supports for noble metal nanoparticles or their alloys during electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen and representative organic fuels. Among important issues are possible changes in the morphology and dispersion, as well as specific interactions leading to the improved chemisorptive and catalytic properties in addition to the feasibility of long time operation of the discussed systems.
Urea-assisted auto-combustion synthesis was used for the easy and scalable preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The prepared TiO2 powder was annealed at 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C to optimize the system and assess the effects of particle size on electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that pure anatase phase TiO2 formed at up to 500°C, above which mixed phases of anatase and rutile emerged. Field-emission transmission electron microscopy showed that spherical particles of 8–25nm were formed. The electrochemical performances of annealed TiO2 samples were tested by charging/discharging, C-rate measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was clearly found that the crystal particle size has a striking impact on the Li insertion behavior and lithium storage capability. TiO2 nanoparticles electrode annealed at lower temperature 300°C showed high rate capability, excellent capacity retention and high electrical conductivity due to its very small particles and nonideal crystal lattices.
Long-term outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children with juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) have been investigated systematically, while short-term effects of HSCT on the course of the disease remain to be elucidated.
Anderson type polyoxomolybdate, Na3[AlMo6O24H6] (NAM), was studied as the cathode material of lithium battery. Discharge capacity and cycle performance of NAM cathode largely depended on the mixing method of active material with conductive additive and the type of conductive additive. NAM ball-milled with ketjen black (KB) showed very high initial discharge capacity of 437 mAh g−1 and the most stable cycle performance with high capacity retention of 91.2% after 50 cycles. The results of ex situ XRD showed that the crystal structure changes of NAM was irreversible during the first discharge–charge process and changed to amorphous state completely after 5 cycles. Ex situ Raman spectra showed the structure of molecular cluster ion [AlMo6O24H6]3− is stable during the discharge process. These data have demonstrated that the high discharge capacity and stable cycle performance of NAM originate in the improvement of the electric conductivity and the stable molecular cluster ion [AlMo6O24H6]3− that is independent from the recoverability of its crystal structure.
Renewable energy charging stations can play a key role in the successful development and deployment of electric vehicles in the areas not connected to the electrical grid. This paper discusses the possibilities of using electric Tuk–tuk battery charging station in the rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); the basic specifications of the proposed vehicle propulsion system are taken into account. The proposed charging station is powered by renewable energy source such as wind or photovoltaic (PV) used as stand alone or in hybrid configuration with battery storage system to avoid the use of diesel generators or additional stresses on the very weak electrical grid, where it is available. Different feasible configurations of the charging station using renewable energies are simulated using HOMER software and the results compared to the corresponding diesel generator while responding to the battery charging energy requirements of the Tuk–tuk. Two different strategies for operating the charging station are simulated and the results are analyzed and discussed in order to select the best configuration. The decision criteria used for these comparisons include the equipment setup, energy production, financial viability for a project lifetime of 20 years.
The plate-type negative electrodes for lithium-ion rechargeable battery were prepared by pressure-pulsed chemical vapor infiltration of pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) into two sorts of conductive porous forms, that is, the carbonized paper (A) and the TiN-coated paper (B), as the conductive fillers and/or current collectors. The electrodes had the three-dimensionally continuous current paths in the pyrocarbon-based anodes without the organic binders and the additional conductive fillers. The pyrocarbon in sample (A) had the relatively high crystallinity, whereas the pyrocarbon in sample (B) was disordered. Sample (B) possessed higher surface area and larger pore volume with mesopores of 1.5–10nm, especially below 3nm, than that of sample (A). The capacity of pyrocarbon in sample (B) was 460mAhg−1 per mass of pyrocarbon at a current density of 25mAg−1, reflecting the disordered microstructure of pyrocarbon film. And 80% of the capacity was maintained even at 1000mAg−1. The capacity of pyrocarbon in sample (A) was estimated at ∼300mAhg−1, which was lower than that of sample (B). However, sample (A) showed higher Coulombic efficiency at first cycle (i.e. 85%) than that of sample (B), which would result from the high crystallinity, laminar microstructure and low surface area of pyrocarbon in sample (A).
Layered sodium transition-metal oxides are the most widely investigated electrodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which are a promising technology for large-scale static energy storage. Compared with their lithium counterparts, layered sodium transition-metal oxides exhibit multiple oxygen sublattices depending on the sodium concentration, and therefore phase transitions involving rearrangements of the intercalation host frequently occur during charge–discharge. Herein we summarize existing literature reports on layered sodium oxide electrodes and analyze the effects of host rearrangements on electrochemical properties. It was demonstrated that phase transitions associated with the gliding of transition-metal slabs are unfavorable for battery performance in several crucial aspects, including energy efficiency, rate capability, and cycle stability. Desirable layered electrodes for SIBs should maintain a stable intercalation host enabling rapid sodium-ion transport within a wide range of sodium concentration.
A novel conducting sulphur-polypyrrole composite material was prepared by the chemical polymerization method with sodium p-toluenesulphonate as the dopant, 4-styrenesulphonic sodium salts as the surfactant, and FeCl3 as the oxidant. The new material was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Nanosize polypyrrole particles were uniformly coated onto the surface of the sulphur powder, which significantly improved the electrical conductivity, the capacity and the cycle durability in a lithium cell compared with the bare sulphur electrode.
Carbon xerogel-ZrO2 composites (CZrX) were successfully synthesized through a one-pot sol-gel synthesis. The XRD results confirm the presence of well dispersed (<4.5 nm) cubic ZrO2 on the carbon support, homogeneously distributed on the carbon surface. Gas adsorption and mercury porosimetry measurement pointed out that the increase of ZrO2 in the carbon matrix produces an increase in the mesopore volume as well as a widening of the microporosity at the expense of the narrow micropores (W0 (CO2)) that decreases causing simultaneously the progressive surface area decrease. The obtained composite materials possess specific surface areas ranging from 423 to 539 m2 g−1 and a very well-developed micro and mesoporosity with a total pore volume ranging from 0.361 to 0.480 cm3 g−1. A two-electrode symmetric supercapacitor based on the carbon xerogel-ZrO2 composites exhibits a high electrochemical performance better than other similar materials from the literature with high capacitances (up to 180 F g−1 at 0.125 A g−1 for 30% ZrO2 composite), a high retention capacitance and high energy density, 27.1 Wh kg−1, at a power density of 140 W kg− 1 in the voltage range of 0 V–1.2 V. The presence of zirconium oxide in the carbon matrix improves in all case the capacitive behavior of samples in spite of the decrease of the surface area and micropore volume of the samples. That has been explained on the base of different textural properties and/or chemical characteristic of the material.
The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3–5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300–500 W/kg for high efficiency (90–95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1–2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 Ω cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.
A composite cathode material comprised of a polyacetylene derivative with pendant TEMPO electro-active groups and graphite has been obtained and successfully utilized in a rechargeable battery against a Li anode. The battery has an initial specific discharge capacity of 102.6 mAh/g and an initial specific energy capacity of 315.9 mWh/g. This specific energy capacity is very high compared to today's conventional lithium-ion batteries with cathodes made of LiFePO4, LiCoO2, LiMnO2, etc. The battery has retained 77% of its energy capacity after 40 charge–discharge cycles.
The squid beak displays a 200-fold stiffness gradient across its length. A battery of experiments, including ‘omics analysis and rheological measurements, now identifies two protein families that infiltrate and cross-link a porous chitin network to generate variable stiffness.
An Sn–carbon fibre composite electrode is fabricated by electrodepositing a thin film (0.5±0.1μm) of Sn with an ultrafine grain size (350±50nm) on the 7.5±1.5μm diameter fibres of a carbon fibre paper (CFP). The electrochemical performance of the Sn–CFP composite being considered as an anode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries is evaluated by conducting galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling tests. The Sn–CFP electrode displays a reversible planar capacity of 2.96mAhcm−2 with a capacity retention of 50% after twenty cycles, compared to the 23% measured for a 2.2±0.2μm thick Sn coating deposited on a Cu foil. The enhanced cycling performance of the Sn–CFP electrode is attributed to the double role played by carbon fibres, which act as randomly oriented current collectors in addition to being an active material. The small thickness and large surface area of the Sn coating on the carbon fibres enhances the coating's chemical reactivity and tolerance for volume change. It is suggested that transforming Sn to Sn oxides in Sn–CFP electrodes may improve the cycling performance of these composites as anode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Hollow or continuous porous hierarchical MoS2/C structures with large Li-ion and electron transport kinetics, and high structural stability are urgent needs for their application in lithium ion batteries. In this regard, a novel continuous porous micro-sphere constructed from defect-rich, interlayer-expanded, and few-layered MoS2/C nanosheets is successfully synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The polyvinyl pyrrolidone surfactant serves as carbon source and supporter, while the CS2 works as soft template and sulfur source during hydrothermal process. The morphologies, structures, and electrochemical properties are systematically characterized. Importantly, it should be noted that the unique porous micro-spheres with merits of rich-defect, expanded-interlayer, few-layer (<5 layers), abundant pores and integrating carbon are favorable for lithium ion batteries application. When the uniform composites are used as lithium ion batteries anode materials, they deliver a high reversible capacity, excellent cycling performance (average capacity fading of 0.037% per cycle at 0.2 A g−1), and good rate capability.
Our main aim was to establish the efficiency of the single cell electrophoresis technique for differentiating between drugs that bind DNA and those that do not. The alkaline comet assay was used to test the responses of human leukocytes (quiescent cells) to damage induced by reportedly genotoxic and reportedly cytotoxic agents. Incubation of G0 leukocytes for 1h with the genotoxic agents camptothecin and actinomycin C provoked DNA migration, observed as comet figures. On the other hand, when cells were treated with the cytotoxic agents cordycepin, fluorodeoxyuridine and puromycin, the leukocyte nuclei were indistinguishable from those of untreated cells. In addition, we have developed a rapid method using non-proliferating cells that requires neither culture nor lymphocyte isolation. This method promises to be useful as a rapid in vitro screening assay.
The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is regarded as an important aspect of government policy which aims to generate a transition to a low-carbon mobility system in the United Kingdom and the wider European context. This paper investigates consumer demand for EVs by examining the influence of consumer innovativeness alongside attitudes concerning the functional capabilities of EVs over EV preferences. A conceptual framework is developed and applied which includes measurements of innovativeness at both an adoptive level, through an assessment of technology ownership, and at an innate level, by measuring a cohort of psychological and sociological factors. Additionally, the framework incorporates measurements of attitudes towards the functional performance of EVs to determine their effect on preferences. Data has been collected through the application of a self-completion household survey distributed over the cities of Dundee and Newcastle upon Tyne in the United Kingdom. Results of the analysis indicate that adoptive innovativeness and attitudes concerning the functional performance of EVs significantly affect preferences for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs).