batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Women with comorbid substance use disorders are an extremely vulnerable group having an increased relative risk of negative outcomes such as incarceration, morbidity and mortality. In Sweden, women with comorbid substance use disorders may be placed in compulsory care for substance abuse treatment. Clinical intake assessment procedures are a distinct aspect of clinical practice and are a foundation upon which client motivation and continued treatment occurs.
Electrochemical properties of the battery are described in partial differential equations that are impossible to compute online. These internal states are spatially distributed and thus difficult to measure in the battery operation. A space-time separation method is applied to model the electrochemical properties of the battery with the help of the extended Kalman filter. The model is efficiently optimized by using LASSO adaptation method and can be updated through data-based learning. The analytical model derived is able to offer a fast estimation of internal states of the battery, and thus has potential to become a prediction model for battery management system.
Lithium-ion phosphate (LFP) batteries are utilized in many fields because of their great value in high security, high-current discharge, and cycle life. LFP batteries are used in two primary modes: Automotive mode (AM) and Storage mode (SM). AM is frequently used in pure EV or electric tools. SM has been commonly employed in UPS or energy storage systems. Owing to the impact caused by higher operating current, the cycle life performance in AM may decay faster than in SM. Generally, after two years of use in AM, the capacity and operating voltage retention are lower than 70%, and it is no longer enough to start an electric vehicle or device which may still work in storage systems. We investigated a two-phase model from AM to SM, and seven 60Ah batteries with different compositions were tested under various conditions. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the best shift point from AM to SM. The experiment was affected by six factors: AM/SM capacity decay, price per kWh, electrical conductance, total kWh generated, and SOH%. Considering all conditions and a price sensitivity analysis from 2009 to 2022, the battery was used in a 1:1 ratio (time in AM to time in SM) to maximize its value.
LiNi1−x Co x O2 (x =0, 0.1, 0.2) cathode materials were successfully synthesized by a rheological phase reaction method with calcination time of 0.5h at 800°C. All obtained powders are pure phase with α-NaFeO2 structure (R-3m space group). The samples deliver an initial discharge capacity of 182, 199 and 189mAhg−1 (25mAg−1, 4.35–3.0V), respectively. The reaction mechanism was also discussed, which consists of a series of defect reactions. As a result of these defect reactions, the reaction of forming LiNi1−x Co x O2 takes place in high speed.
In this study, a heterogeneous finite element model was developed in LS-DYNA to investigate lateral impact on 6P cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells manufactured by Johnson Controls Inc. The results were compared to those from a homogenized model previously reported by the authors and also experimental data and showed a good agreement. In order to find the stress-strain curves needed for the finite element simulations, compression tests were conducted on stacks of jellyroll's individual layers, i.e. coated aluminum, coated copper and separator. It was found that the load carrying capacity of the jellyroll comes primarily from the coated aluminum layers. SEM images of the separator layers showed their trilayer structure and how they collapse under excessive compressive loads. Compression experiments were also performed on flattened jellyroll samples after being soaked in electrolyte for 24 h. The measured stress-strain relations showed a very good agreement with the results from a similar set of experiments on dry jellyrolls. This suggested that characterizing dry cells could predict how live cells would react under compression/crash tests without dealing with all the safety provisions needed for those experiments.
Development of advanced high energy density lithium ion batteries is important for promoting electromobility. Making electric vehicles attractive and competitive compared to conventional automobiles depends on the availability of reliable, safe, high power, and highly energetic batteries whose components are abundant and cost effective. Nickel rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 layered cathode materials (x > 0.5) are of interest because they can provide very high specific capacity without pushing charging potentials to levels that oxidize the electrolyte solutions. However, these cathode materials suffer from stability problems. We discovered that doping these materials with tungsten (1 mol%) remarkably increases their stability due to a partial layered to cubic (rock salt) phase transition. We demonstrate herein highly stable Li ion battery prototypes consisting of tungsten-stabilized Ni rich cathode materials (x > 0.9) with specific capacities >220 mA h g-1. This development can increase the energy density of Li ion batteries more than 30% above the state of the art without compromising durability.
SnO2 quantum dots have attracted enormous interest, since they have been shown to effectively minimize the volume change stress, improve the anode kinetic and shorten the lithium ion migration distance when used as anode materials for lithium ion battery. In this work, we report a facile strategy to fabricate nanostructure with homogenous SnO2 quantum dots anchored on three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped porous carbon (NSGC@SnO2). Characterization results show that the obtained SnO2 quantum dots have an average critical size of 3–5nm and uniformly encapsulated in the porous of NSGC matrix. The as-designed nanostructure can effectively avoid the aggregation of SnO2 quantum dots as well as accommodate the mechanical stress induced by the volume change of SnO2 quantum dots and thus maintain the structure integrity of the electrode. As a result, the obtained NSGC@SnO2 composite exhibits a specific reversible capacity as high as 1118mAhg−1 at a current of 200mAg−1 after 100 cycles along with a high coulombic efficiency of 98% and excellent rate capability.
This paper introduces a hybrid strategy for an ideal operation programming of electrical frameworks through minimization of production cost and in addition better usage of renewable energy resources. The hybrid technique is the combined performance of bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique. Here, the photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (WT) and storage system are considered in micro gird (MG) system. The proposed control strategy is to manage the power flows between the energy sources and the grid. To achieve this point, demand response (DR), customer response, offer priority, DR magnitude, duration, and minimum cost of energy (COE) is determined. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink working platform and compared with the exiting methods such as, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) respectively. In the proposed method, the maximum generated power of PV, WT, MT and battery is 7.5kW, 9kW, 15.5kW and 4.5kW respectively. By using GA, the generated powers are 5.5kW, 7.5kW, 11kW and 3.5kW respectively. The SOC of the proposed method is analyzed and is about 80%. The proposed method has less cost effective based on their load demand.
This short communication describes the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fueled by directly feeding premium gasoline to the anode without using external reforming. The novel component of the fuel cell that enables such operation is the mixed conductivity of MoO2-based anode. Using this anode, a fuel cell demonstrating a maximum power density of 31 mW/cm2 at 0.45 V was successfully fabricated. Over a 24 h period of operation, the open cell voltage remained stable at ∼0.92 V. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the anode surface pre- and post-testing showed no evidence of coking.
Here, we report the synthesis of hard carbon materials (RH) made from natural rice husk through a single pyrolysis process and their application as an anode in sodium-ion batteries. The studies show that the electrochemical properties of RHs are affected by the treatment temperatures, which determine the materials morphology, in particular, their degree of graphitization and extent of continuous channels (nanovoids). The latter are accessible to sodium ions and significantly contribute to charge storage capacity of the produced anodes. The RHs obtained at 1600 °C deliver the highest reversible capacity of 276 mAh g−1 mainly due to insertion of sodium ions into the nanovoids. This work deepens the basic understanding of the influence of the carbonization temperature on the sodium storage mechanism.
The need for higher energy-density rechargeable batteries has generated interest in alkali metal electrodes paired with solid electrolytes. However, metal penetration and electrolyte fracture at low current densities have emerged as fundamental barriers. Here we show that for pure metals in the Li–Na–K system, the critical current densities scale inversely to mechanical deformation resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate two electrode architectures in which the presence of a liquid phase enables high current densities while it preserves the shape retention and packaging advantages of solid electrodes. First, biphasic Na–K alloys show K+ critical current densities (with the K-β″-Al2O3 electrolyte) that exceed 15 mA cm‒2. Second, introducing a wetting interfacial film of Na–K liquid between Li metal and Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 solid electrolyte doubles the critical current density and permits cycling at areal capacities that exceed 3.5 mAh cm‒2. These design approaches hold promise for overcoming electrochemomechanical stability issues that have heretofore limited the performance of solid-state metal batteries.
Fuel cells generate electricity and heat during electrochemical reaction which happens between the oxygen and hydrogen to form the water. Fuel cell technology is a promising way to provide energy for rural areas where there is no access to the public grid or where there is a huge cost of wiring and transferring electricity. In addition, applications with essential secure electrical energy requirement such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power generation stations and distributed systems can employ fuel cells as their source of energy. The current paper includes a comparative study of basic design, working principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies available for fuel cells. In addition, techno-economic features of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) are compared. The results indicate that fuel cell systems have simple design, high reliability, noiseless operation, high efficiency and less environmental impact. The aim of this paper is to serve as a convenient reference for fuel cell power generation reviews.
An accurate thermal model to predict the heat generation in rechargeable batteries is an essential tool for advanced thermal management in high power applications, such as electric vehicles. For such applications, the battery materials’ details and cell design are normally not provided. In this work a simple, though accurate, thermal model for batteries has been developed, considering the temperature- and current-dependent overpotential heat generation and State-of-Charge dependent entropy contributions. High power rechargeable Li-ion (7.5Ah) batteries have been experimentally investigated and the results are used for model verification. It is shown that the State-of-Charge dependent entropy is a significant heat source and is therefore essential to correctly predict the thermal behavior of Li-ion batteries under a wide variety of operating conditions. An adaptive model is introduced to obtain these entropy values. A temperature-dependent equation for heat transfer to the environment is also taken into account. Good agreement between the simulations and measurements is obtained in all cases. The parameters for both the heat generation and heat transfer processes can be applied to the thermal design of advanced battery packs. The proposed methodology is generic and independent on the cell chemistry and battery design. The parameters for the adaptive model can be determined by performing simple cell potential/current and temperature measurements for a limited number of charge/discharge cycles.
In this paper a new approach to characterising electrocatalysts at the solid polymer electrolyte interface by using high roughness factor microelectrodes composed of precious metal electrocatalysts is introduced. The nanostructured Pt/Nafion® membrane composite microelectrode described in this paper possesses a high electrochemical surface area and avoids the need for a supporting electrolyte whilst keeping the merits of conventional microdisk electrodes. This composite microelectrode allows a reliable and simple approach to study polymer electrolyte fuel cell reactions and to evaluate potential fuel cell electrocatalysts rapidly. The hydrogen oxidation reaction (hor) has been investigated at the nanostructured mesoporous platinum microelectrode|Nafion® interface by steady-state voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The hor appears to proceed through an electrochemically reversible pathway with an exchange current density comparable to those at supported and single crystal platinum electrodes in acidic aqueous media. The mass transport of hydrogen in a water-saturated membrane is characterised by a higher diffusion coefficient yet lower concentration compared to aqueous conditions. Increasing temperature can improve the kinetics of the hor and accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen as expected from its Arrhenius behaviour. The utilization of the electrode surface area of the nanostructured platinum can be increased by impregnation with Nafion® solution, which provides electrochemical access to the 2 nm pores. When Nafion® is the electrolyte, and especially at elevated temperature, the formation of OHads is shifted to a lower potential than seen when sulfuric acid is the electrolyte.
Immobilization of whole viable Pseudomonas fluorescens cells was achieved on a graphite electrode modified with a thiophene-based conducting polymer. Microbial electrodes were constructed by the entrapment of bacterial cells on conducting copolymer matrix using a dialysis membrane. The biosensor was characterized using glucose as the substrate. As well as analytical characterization, effects of electropolymerization time, pH and temperature on the sensor response were examined. Finally, operational stability was also tested.
The implementation of climate technologies and their commercialization ultimately depends on the success of their research and development (R&D) projects. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), twenty-seven climate technologies were selected to boost the greening of existing industries and to develop new green industries to promote a sustainable climate technology development strategy. Rechargeable battery technology, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, smart grids, and sewage treatment are all research areas expected to have tangible outcomes in the forthcoming years. As such, they were included in a comprehensive R&D plan for climate technology advancement, which places an emphasis on climate technology development and commercialization strategy. In this study, the R&D plan of the ROK is reviewed by examining its six core climate technology programs: solar cells, fuel cells, bioenergy, rechargeable battery technology, information technology (IT) applications for the power sector, and CCS technology in detail. The climate policy in the ROK aims to find new economic growth engines and to develop new business opportunities while actively participating in international efforts to combat climate change.
This paper proposes a three-port single-phase three-wire (TPSPTW) power converter interface integrating an isolated current-fed full-bridge power converter (ICFPC), a three-port power converter (TPPC), a fuel cell and a battery set for micro grid (MG).The ICFPC is used to control the output power of fuel cell and to step-up its output voltage to the voltage of high-voltage DC port of the TPPC. The TPPC can manage the power conversion between the fuel cell, the battery set, the loads and the utility. This power converter interface charges the battery set, outputs AC power and acts as an active power filter (APF) in the grid-connection mode, supplies uninterruptible power to the loads when it operates in the stand-alone mode. The fuel cell outputs a programmed power regardless of whether the power converter interface operates in the grid-connection mode or in the stand-alone mode. The programmed power outputted from the fuel cell is the average power of load under the stand-alone mode. The battery set is used to respond to the varied power of loads under the stand-alone mode. A prototype is developed to verify the performance of power converter interface, and the experimental results are as expected.
Plasticized and crosslinked versions of poly(lithium oligoetherato mono-oxalato borate), called lithium polyMOBs, have been studied. In heavily plasticized forms of both polyMOB, and a LiBH4-crosslinked polyMOB, the ionic conductivity reaches 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature while single ion conductivity is automatically retained. The electrochemical stability window is up to 5 V, for both stainless steel (SS) electrodes. The plasticized forms are fluid, not a gel, due to the low molecular weight of the polyanions. Freestanding gel electrolytes with high single ionic conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 at ambient can be obtained by incorporation of high molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into the solution. Electrochemical cells using these electrolytes will not suffer from concentration polarization.
From 1999 to 2013, in a 14 years׳ period of time, rural electrification programs brought access to electricity to 16 million rural inhabitants in Brazil. Approximately 155,000 rural households remain without access to electricity in the Amazon Region, conforming very isolated communities that cannot be supplied by the expansion of the existing grid. To supply electricity to these communities, off-grid generation through diesel fuel has traditionally been the only option considered. The Amazon Region has a huge potential in renewable energy, specially: hydraulic, biomass and biofuels, solar as well as wind in the coast. The Brazilian Government has started to consider the use of these local renewable sources for the electrification of isolated communities. Several experimental projects have been deployed, supplying electrical power through appropriated off-grid renewable energy technologies: run-of-the-river and hydrokynetic, biomass (direct burning or gasification), biofuels and vegetable oils, and hybrid (solar–wind–diesel). Regarding these technologies, the most significant projects conducted in the region were evaluated. Analyzing the costs, technical and social issues as well as the performance of these systems, after a 10 year׳s evaluation period, this paper shows that some renewable energy technologies have proven to be a more convenient and economic option than electricity generation through diesel, in these isolated communities.
Lithium zinc titanate (Li2ZnTi3O8) is a desirable anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its low cost, non-toxicity and high safety. However, the low electronic conductivity and not perfect rate capability hinder the commercial application of Li2ZnTi3O8. Here, a facile and effective strategy is developed to fabricate the Li2ZnTi3O8 electrode using the Cu foil with grown graphene and deposited Au nanoparticles as the current collector. The graphene and Au nanoparticles greatly enhance the electrical conductivity of the current collector. The structured Cu current collector has rough interface which can strengthen the adhesion between the Li2ZnTi3O8 active material layer and the current collector, providing an excellent electron transport network and reducing the internal resistance of LIBs. The Li2ZnTi3O8 material supported on the unique structured Cu current collector demonstrates outstanding Li+ storage properties with the reversible capacity of 172.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at high current density of 4 A g−1. Even at 6 A g−1, 148.4 mAh g−1 can be delivered. The improved rate capability of the structured Li2ZnTi3O8 electrode makes it a promising anode candidate for high performance LIBs.
In this study, phosphorus (P) atoms were doped into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with two bonding states of P–C and P–O by using annealing treatment. For the first time, the P-doped rGO (PrGO) was employed as the counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The electrochemical studies reveal that the P doping can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic activity of rGO, and P–C structures have higher electrocatalytic activity than P–O ones for I−/I3 − redox reaction. More significantly, PrGO shows comparable electrocatalytic ability to Pt as CEs. It therefore seems promising for PrGO to be widely used in metal-free DSSCs with low cost and high efficiency.
Voids in nanostructured silicon (Si) anodes are believed to effectively mitigate the gradual performance degradation during repeated charge/discharge in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, we first demonstrate an embossing Si nanomesh structure bearing substantial voids in three dimensions for LIB applications. A solid alumina framework and a sacrificial layer of Ag serve as a template for embossing Si nanomesh structures. After complete dissolution of the alumina framework and the Ag layer, an embossing Si nanomesh exhibits highly ordered and high density nanoholes in an interconnected framework. The model Si nanomesh fabricated by our method has holes ∼70 nm in diameter, has ∼96 holes/μm2, and is ∼40 nm in thickness. We use this void-rich embossing Si nanomesh as a LIB anode, achieving significant enhancement in battery performance in terms of discharge capacity, cycling stability, and structural maintenance compared to a counterpart Si nanofilm without voids.
The relaxation kinetics poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodeposited on platinum electrode surface were studied in a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (EMITFSI), by means of large amplitude potential step experiments. The influence of the applied potential and the film thickness were analyzed. We have developed a kinetic model allowing the determination of the kinetic features. Accordingly, two time or kinetic constants, for both oxidation and reduction that were in relation to PEDOT film morphology were determined. These kinetic constants seemed independent to the applied potential. We showed that the kinetic constants for the fast process depended upon the thickness of the polymer film. However, the time constant for the slow process was virtually independent of the film thickness. We have introduced dimensionless variables that can be used to analyze the global process. Accordingly, the kinetics for the oxidation were faster than that of reduction. These results were in agreement with the ions transfer mechanisms during the redox switching of PEDOT in EMITFSI in which a departure of cation occurred during the oxidation.